Analysis of M16 House

Structural Analysis of M16 Bungalow Building Structure (BLD 61003)

School of Architecture, Building & Design

Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus

Tang Soon Foo 0330958

Tutor: En. Adib Bin Ramli

CONTENT

1.0 Introduction

1

6.0 Tributary Areas

18

2.0 Floor Plans

3

3.0 Design Brief

7

7.0 Beam Analysis Report 7.1 Beam-to-Beam Connection 7.2 Beam-to-Column Connection

22 24 28

4.0 Structural Plans

9

5.0 Load Distribution Plans

14

8.0 Column Analysis Report 8.1 Edge Column 8.2 Intermediate Column

33 34 40

9.0 Conclusion

46

10.0 References

48

1.0 Introduction

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This project, titled “Structural Analysis of a Bungalow” serves to introduce the basic fundamentals of structural design; specifically a two-storey bungalow. Individually, students are required to select and analyze the structural design of any existing two-storey bungalow spanning under 300m2. The bungalow that has been chosen in this report is the M16 House designed by NEBR Arquitetura. Featuring a floor area just under 290m2, the M16 House was designed as a weekend house for occasional family gatherings to meet the client’s needs.

The plans of the house were obtained and redrawn to include grid lines and dimensions. Structural framing of the house was then indicated through the placement of columns, beam-to-beam and beam-to-column connections for each floor level. From the completed structural plans, the load distribution plan and tributary areas were produced.

This report documents the summary of the weight of materials and assumed live load. The loads and stresses of the selected column and beam are analyzed and quantified. The structural theory and load quantification skills obtained through the completion of this assignment will aid in future architectural endeavours and serve as a basis for engineering considerations in building structure.

2

2.0 Floor Plans

3

2.0 FLOOR PLANS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:150

4

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:150

5

ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:150

6

3.0 Design Brief

7

Quantity Life and Dead Loads Acting on Structure 1. Reinforced Concrete Beam ● ● ●

Dimensions: 0.225m (width) x 0.3m (depth) Density of reinforced concrete: 24 kN/m³ Self weight of beam = beam size x density of reinforced concrete = 0.225m x 0.3m x 24 kN/m³ = 1.62 kN/m

2. Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab ● ● ●

Thickness: 0.15m Density of reinforced concrete: 24 kN/m³ Self weight of reinforced concrete floor slab = thickness of slab x density of reinforced concrete = 0.15m x 24 kN/m³ = 3.6 kN/m2

3. Reinforced Concrete Column ● Dimensions: 0.225m (width) x 0.225m (length) x 3.0m (height) ● Density of reinforced concrete: 24 kN/m³ ● Self weight of reinforced concrete column = dimensions of column x density of reinforced concrete = 0.225m x 0.225m x 3.0m x 24 kN/m³ = 3.645 kN 4. Brick Masonry Wall ● Dimensions: 0.15m (width) x 3.0m (height) ● Density of brickwork: 19 kN/m³ ● Self weight of brick masonry wall = dimensions of wall x density of brickwork = 0.15m x 3.0m x 19 kN/m³ = 8.55 kN/m 5. Roof ● Dead load: 1.0 kN/m2 ● Live load: 0.5 kN/m2

8

4.0 Structural Plans

9

FOUNDATION PLAN SCALE 1:150

10

GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN SCALE 1:150

11

FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURAL PLAN SCALE 1:150

12

ROOF STRUCTURAL PLAN SCALE 1:150

13

5.0 Load Distribution

14

GROUND FLOOR LOAD DISTRIBUTION PLAN SCALE 1:150

15

FIRST FLOOR LOAD DISTRIBUTION PLAN SCALE 1:150

16

ROOF LOAD DISTRIBUTION PLAN SCALE 1:150

17

6.0 Tributary Area

18

GROUND FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

19

FIRST FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

20

ROOF TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

21

7.0 Beam Analysis

22

Beam-to-Beam Connection Beam-to-Column Connection

: Beam A2/2-3 : Beam A-B/3

GROUND FLOOR LOAD DISTRIBUTION PLAN SCALE 1:150

23

7.1 BEAM-TO-BEAM CONNECTION Beam A2/2-3

2

3 2.922 m 1.62 kN/m

Dead Load

Beam self weight = 1.62kN/m

8.55 kN/m

Brick wall self weight = 8.55kN/m

Dead load from Slab A-A2/2-3 = Slab self weight x (Lx/2)

3.172 kN/m

= 3.6 kN/m2 x (1.762m รท 2) = 3.172 kN/m

Dead load from Slab A2-B/2-3

3.087 kN/m

= Slab self weight x (Lx/2) = 3.6 kN/m2 x (1.715m รท 2) = 3.087 kN/m

16.429 kN/m Total dead load = 1.62 + 8.55 + 3.172 + 3.087 = 16.429 kN/m

24

Beam A2/2-3

2

3 2.922 m

Live Load

1.322 kN/m Live load from Slab A-A2/2-3 = Live load (UBBL) x (Lx/2) = 1.5 kN/m2 x (1.762m รท 2) = 1.322 kN/m

1.286 kN/m

Live load from Slab A2-B/2-3 = Live load (UBBL) x (Lx/2) = 1.5 kN/m2 x (1.715m รท 2) = 1.286 kN/m

2.608 kN/m

Total live load = 1.322 + 1.286 = 2.608 kN/m

16.429 kN/m

25

Beam A2/2-3

2

3 2.922 m

Ultimate Load

23.001 kN/m Ultimate dead load = 16.429 kN/m x 1.4 = 23.001 kN/m

Ultimate live load

4.173 kN/m

= 2.608 kN/m x 1.6 = 4.173 kN/m

Total ultimate load

27.174 kN/m

= 23.001 + 4.173 = 27.174 kN/m

16.429 kN/m

26

2

Beam A2/2-3

3

2.922 m 27.174 kN/m

Reaction Force

Point Load of Beam A2/2-3 = 27.174 x 2.922m = 79.402 kN/m

∑m=0 (R2 x 2.922m) - (79.402 kN x 1.461m) = 0 R2= 116.006 ÷ 2.922 = 39.701 kN ∑y=0 R2 + R3 - 79.402 kN = 0 39.701 kN + R3 - 79.402 kN = 0 R3 = 39.701 kN

Positive area = 39.701 kN x 1.461m ÷ 2 = 29.001 kNm Negative area = 39.701 kN x 1.461m ÷ 2 = 29.001 kNm ∴ Positive area = Negative area

1.461 m

1.461 m

79.402 kN/m

R2 39.701 kN

R3 39.701 kN SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

39.701 kN

0kN

+

-39.701 + 39.701 = 0 kN

39.701 - 79.402 = -39.701 kN

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 39.701 kN

0 kN

0 kN

27

7.2 BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION Beam A-B/3

Beam A-B/3

Dead Load

Dead Load

Beam self weight = 1.62kN/m

Dead load from Slab A2-B/2-3

A

A2 3.477 m 1.762 m 1.715 m

B

1.62 kN/m

8.55 kN/m

= Slab self weight x (Lx/2) x 2/3 Brick wall self weight = 8.55kN/m

= 3.6 kN/m2 x (1.715m รท 2) x 2/3 = 2.058 kN/m

Dead load from Slab A-B/3-4 = Slab self weight x (Lx/2) x 2/3 = 3.6 kN/m2 x (3.477m รท 2) x 2/3

4.172 kN/m Total dead load for Beam A-A2/3 = 1.62 + 8.55 + 4.172 + 2.114 = 16.456 kN/m

= 4.172 kN/m Total dead load for Beam A2-B/3 Dead load from Slab A-A2/2-3

= 1.62 + 8.55 + 4.172 + 2.058

= Slab self weight x (Lx/2) x 2/3

= 16.4 kN/m

2.114 kN/m

2.058 kN/m

16.456 kN/m

16.4 kN/m

= 3.6 kN/m2 x (1.762m รท 2) x 2/3 = 2.114 kN/m

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Beam A-B/3

3. Beam A-B/3

Live Load

Dead Load

Live load from Slab A-B/3-4

Total live load for Beam A-A2/3 = 1.739 + 0.881 = 2.62 kN/m

= Live load (UBBL) x (Lx/2) x 2/3 = 1.5 kN/m2 x (3.477m รท 2) x 2/3 = 1.739 kN/m

Live load from Slab A-A2/2-3 = Live load (UBBL) x (Lx/2) x 2/3

A

A2 3.477 m 1.762 m 1.715 m

B

1.739 kN/m

Total live load for Beam A2-B/3 = 1.739 + 0.858

0.881 kN/m

= 2.597 kN/m

= 1.5 kN/m2 x (1.762m รท 2) x 2/3 = 0.881 kN/m

0.881 kN/m

0858 kN/m

Live load from Slab A2-B/2-3 = Live load (UBBL) x (Lx/2) x 2/3 = 1.5 kN/m2 x (1.715m รท 2) x 2/3 = 0.858 kN/m

29

Beam A-B/3

3. Beam A-B/3

Ultimate Load

Dead Load

Ultimate dead load for Beam A-A2/3

Ultimate dead load for Beam A2-B/3

= 16.456 kN/m x 1.4

= 16.4 kN/m x 1.4

= 23.038 kN/m

= 22.96 kN/m

Ultimate live load for Beam A-A2/3

Ultimate live load for Beam A2-B/3

= 2.62 kN/m x 1.4

= 2.597 kN/m x 1.4

= 3.668 kN/m

= 3.636 kN/m

Total ultimate load for Beam A-A2/3

Total ultimate load for Beam A2-B/3

= 23.038 + 3.668

= 22.96 + 3.636

= 26.706 kN/m

= 26.596 kN/m

A

A2 3.477 m 1.762 m 1.715 m

B

23.038 kN/m

22.96 kN/m

3.688 kN/m

3.636 kN/m

26.706 kN/m 26.596 kN/m

30

A2

A

Beam A-B/3

B

3.477 m 1.762 m

1.715 m

26.706 kN/m

26.596 kN/m

Reaction Force

Point Load at A2/3

∑m=0

= R3

(RA x 3.477m) - (47.056 kN x 2.596m) - (39.701 kN x

= 39.701 kN

1.715m) - (45.612 kN x 0.8575m) = 0 RA = 229.357 kNm ÷ 3.477m

Point Load in Beam A-A2/3

0.881m 0.881m 0.8575m 0.8575m

= 65.964 kN

39.701 kN

= 26.706 kN/m x 1.762m = 47.056 kN

∑y=0 RA + RB - 47.056 kN - 39.701 kN - 45.612 kN = 0

Point Load in Beam A2-B/3

65.964 + RB - 47.056 kN - 39.701 kN - 45.612 kN = 0

= 26.596 kN/m x 1.715m

RB = 66.405 kN

= 45.612 kN

47.056 kN

45.612 kN

RA 65.964 kN

RB 66.405 kN SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

65.964 kN 18.908 kN (65.964 - 47.056)

+ 0kN

0kN

(18.908 - 39.701)

(-66.405 +66.405)

-20.793 kN -66.405 kN

31

A2

A

Beam A-B/3

B

3.477 m 1.762 m

Reaction Force

1.715 m

0.881m 0.881m 0.8575m 0.8575m

Positive area

Negative area

= (65.964 + 18.908) kN x 1.762m รท 2

= (-20.793 - 66.405) kN x 1.715m รท 2

= 74.772 kNm

= -74.772 kNm

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 65.964 kN 18.908 kN (65.964 - 47.056)

โ ด Positive area = Negative area

+ 0kN

(18.908 - 39.701)

(-66.405 +66.405)

-20.793 kN -66.405 kN

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 39.701 kN

0

0

32

8.0 Column Analysis

33

8.1 EDGE COLUMN

Edge Column

: Column A4

ROOF TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

34

Column A4

Column A4

Dead Load

Ultimate Load

Roof weight = (4.509m รท 2) x (3.477m รท 2) x 1.0 kNm2 = 3.919 kN

Ultimate dead load = 10.389 kN x 1.4 = 14.545 kN

Beam self weight = (2.255m + 1.739m) x 1.62 kN/m = 6.470 kN

Ultimate live load = 1.960 kN x 1.6 = 3.136 kN

Total dead load = 3.919 kN + 6.470 kN = 10.389 kN

Total ultimate load = 14.545 kN + 3.136 kN = 17.681 kN

Live Load

Roof weight = (4.509m รท 2) x (3.477m รท 2) x 0.5 kNm2 = 1.960 kN Total live load = 1.960 kN

35

FIRST FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

36

Column A4

Column A4

Dead Load

Live Load

Concrete slab = (3.477m รท 2) x [(4.509m รท 2) + 1.529m] x 3.6 kN/m2 = 23.679 kN

Concrete slab = (3.477m รท 2) x [(4.509m รท 2) + 1.529m] x 1.5 kN/m2 = 9.866 kN

Beam self weight = (2.255m + 1.739m) x 1.62 kN/m = 6.470 kN

Total live load = 9.866 kN

Brick wall = (2.255m + 1.529m + 1.739m) x 8.55 kN/m = 47.222 kN

Ultimate Load

Column self weight = 3.645 kN Total dead load = (23.679 + 6.470 + 47.222 + 3.645) kN = 81.016 kN

Ultimate dead load = 81.016 kN x 1.4 = 113.422 kN Ultimate live load = 9.866 kN x 1.6 = 15.786 kN Total ultimate load = (113.422 + 15.786) kN = 129.208 kN

37

GROUND FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

38

Column A4

Column A4

Dead Load

Live Load

Concrete slab = (3.477m รท 2) x (4.509m รท 2) x 3.6 kN/m2 = 14.110 kN

Concrete slab = (3.477m รท 2) x (4.509m รท 2) x 1.5 kN/m2 = 5.879 kN

Beam self weight = (2.255m + 1.739m) x 1.62 kN/m = 6.470 kN

Total live load = 5.879 kN

Brick wall = (2.255m + 1.739m*) x 8.55 kN/m = 34.149 kN

Ultimate Load

Column self weight = 3.645 kN Total dead load = (14.110 + 6.470 + 34.149 + 3.645) kN = 58.374 kN

Ultimate dead load = 58.374 kN x 1.4 = 81.724 kN Ultimate live load = 5.879 kN x 1.6 = 9.406 kN Total ultimate load = (81.724 + 9.406) kN = 91.13 kN

* The curtain wall measuring 1.739m was presumed as brick wall.

39

8.2 INTERMEDIATE COLUMN

Intermediate Column

: Column D3

ROOF TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

40

Column D3

Column A4

Dead Load

Live Load

Roof weight = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 1.0 kN/m2 = [(1.753m + 1.735m) x (2.086m + 2.255m)] x 1.0 kN/m2 = 3.488m x 4.341m x 1.0 kN/m2 = 15.141 kN

Roof weight = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 0.5 kN/m2 = 7.571 kN

Beam self weight = (3.488m + 4.341m + 2.086m + 2.086m) x 1.62 kN/m = 19.442 kN Total dead load = (15.141 + 19.442) kN = 34.583 kN

Total live load = 7.571 kN

Ultimate Load

Ultimate dead load = 34.583 kN x 1.4 = 48.794 kN Ultimate live load = 7.571 kN x 1.6 = 12.114 kN Total ultimate load = (48.794 + 12.114) kN = 60.908 kN

41

Intermediate Column

: Column D3

FIRST FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

42

Column D3

Column A4

Dead Load

Live Load

Concrete slab = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 3.6 kN/m2 = [(1.753m + 1.735m) x (2.086m + 2.255m)] x 3.6 kN/m2 = 3.488m x 4.341m x 3.6 kN/m2 = 54.509 kN

Concrete slab = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 1.5 kN/m2 = 22.712 kN

Beam self weight = (3.488m + 4.341m + 2.086m + 2.086m) x 1.62 kN/m = 19.442 kN Brick wall = (3.488m + 4.341m) x 8.55 kN/m = 66.938 kN

Total live load = 22.712 kN

Ultimate Load

Ultimate dead load = 144.534 kN x 1.4 = 202.348 kN

Column self weight = 3.645 kN Total dead load = (54.509 + 19.442 + 66.938 + 3.645) kN = 144.534 kN

Ultimate live load = 22.712 kN x 1.6 = 36.339 kN Total ultimate load = (202.348 + 36.339) kN = 238.687 kN

43

Intermediate Column

: Column D3

GROUND FLOOR TRIBUTARY AREA SCALE 1:150

44

Column D3

Column A4

Column A4

Dead Load

Live Load

Total Column Load for Column D3

Concrete slab = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 3.6 kN/m2 = [(1.753m + 1.735m) x (2.086m + 2.255m)] x 3.6 kN/m2 = 3.488m x 4.341m x 3.6 kN/m2 = 54.509 kN

Concrete slab = [(3.505m ÷ 2) + (3.469m ÷ 2) x (4.172m ÷ 2) + (4.509m ÷ 2)] x 1.5 kN/m2 = 22.712 kN Total live load = 22.712 kN

Beam self weight = (3.488m + 4.341m + 2.086m) x 1.62 kN/m = 16.062 kN

Ultimate Load

Brick wall = (3.488m + 2.086m + 2.086m) x 8.55 kN/m = 65.493 kN

Ultimate dead load = 139.709 kN x 1.4 = 195.593 kN

Column self weight = 3.645 kN

Ultimate live load = 22.712 kN x 1.6 = 36.339 kN

Total dead load = (54.509 + 16.062 + 65.493 + 3.645) kN = 139.709 kN

= 60.908 kN + 238.687 kN + 231.932 kN = 531.527 kN

Total ultimate load = (195.593 + 36.339) kN = 231.932 kN

45

9.0 Conclusion

46

9.0 CONCLUSION

The completion of this project has provided valuable information on structural design; and has served as a great opportunity to hone the necessary skills in quantifying load and stresses on different parts of a building’s structural components. It is through this project have I understood the fundamentals of a two storey bungalow structural design, and the estimation of sizes of structural members. Without a strong and stable structure, the aesthetics of a building will do little in prolonging its life span, let alone prevent structural failures which may lead to accidents or deaths. It goes to show that the structural design and integrity of a building is a important factor that should be considered during the design and construction process of a building.

Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude towards Mr. Adib for providing sufficient guidance and advice which has aided me throughout the process of completing this project. I would also like to extend my thanks to my fellow friends and peers for providing invaluable help which had aided in the overall completion of this project. All in all, this assignment had provided me with a holistic structural design experience, from basic concepts of structural design, to the skills necessary to quantify various loads and stress; all of which shall serves as an excellent knowledge base to undertake future architectural projects.

47

10.0 References

48

10.0 REFERENCES

Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab. (2016). Retrieved from http://civilengineersforum.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-two-way-slab/ M16 House / NEBR arquitetura. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/904001/m16-house-nebr-arquitetura Poh, J. (2018). archidegree | Building Structures. Retrieved from http://jiajou97.wixsite.com/archidegree/building-structures Ramli, M. (2018). Beams (Part 1) [Ebook]. Retrieved from https://times.taylors.edu.my/pluginfile.php/3243517/mod_resource/content/1/Beam%20Part%201.pdf Ramli, M. (2018). Beams (Part 2) [Ebook]. Retrieved from https://times.taylors.edu.my/pluginfile.php/3248578/mod_resource/content/1/Beams%20Part%202.pdf Ramli, M. (2018). Columns [Ebook]. Retrieved from https://times.taylors.edu.my/pluginfile.php/3255555/mod_resource/content/1/Column.pdf Ramli, M. (2018). Concrete Slabs [Ebook]. Retrieved from https://times.taylors.edu.my/pluginfile.php/3238331/mod_resource/content/1/Slab.pdf What is the standard size of a column for building?. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-standard-size-of-a-column-for-building

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