Karaka Studio 6225

Karaka

Ecological Subdivisions Studio 6225

Michelle Ineson, Nick Sisam, Morgan Taylor, Chloe Nelson

Contents Site Context Urban Growth Strategy Site Analysis

Site Development Michelle Ineson Chloe Nelson Nick Sisam Morgan Taylor

Context

New Zealand

Auckland

Karaka

Urban Growth Strategy Cluster Developments

Allow for residential and commercial development, preserving the rural character and environmental features while allowing for more open space.

This periurban form is a process of urban growth dispersed in a rural setting. It is characterised by certain land uses supporting urban growth and preserving the ecological and rural character of the area.

Proposed Bridge High Density Karaka Gateway High Density Mixed Use Medium Density Revegetated Land Retained Productive Land Low Density Lifestyle Scale 1:15,000 @ A0

Karaka

Urban Growth Strategy Connectivity Zone Maps Connectivity Zone Maps 1.5km

5 minutes

1.5km 3km

5 minutes 10 minutes

3km

Ecological Ecological

5 minutes

Cycling Cycling

Karaka Gateway Karaka Gateway

10 minutes

5 minutes 10 minutes Walking

10 minutes

Walking

Integrating the Urban and Rural Form Integrating the Urban and Rural Form

Site Elements

Coastal Environment

Streams

Slope

Floodplains

Ecological Areas

Elevation

Site Analysis

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Existing Vegetation

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Aspect

Aspect Flat North Northeast East Southeast South Southwest West

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Northwest North

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Flow Accumulation

Legend accum Value High : 112261

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Hydrology

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Waterways

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Viewpoint Views

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Viewpoint Views

Production

Vegetation, public open space and productive land.

Residential productive Productive

Built Footprint With the aim to enable vibrant communities, residential development is mixed density with varying built form. Small scale retail, hospitality and commercial premises are interspersed throughout the ground floors of the apartment complexes reducing travel dependency to access essential services and provide local economic and recreation hubs. In order to maximise permeable surfaces the buildings have been placed based on the cluster development model where high density areas are grouped together freeing large parcels of land in between. This limits earthworks in the construction phase, positively influencing the landform, hydrology and construction costs.

Although clustered, all the built form on the site is linked within a 5km walk able radius. This enhances social interaction which is furthered on a block scale by siting the three story apartment complexes on land accessible to the public. courtya Private courtyards in the centre of the buildings provides space to be used by residents only. A percentage of the roof space on the the apartment block will be green to reduce stormwater runoff and provide an attractive outlook for residents above.

Over the 56ha development, 10 low density ‘lifestyle’ blocks sit on 12ha, 100 medium density ‘detached dwellings’ on 10ha and 500 high density dwellings comprising of 400 apartments plus 100 terraced houses sit on 11ha. An estimated total population over the site is 1800-2000 people.

3D spatial layout of built form

High density residential Medium density residential Low density residential Open space/ revegetated

Circulation To reduce car dependency the roading structure is linear and minimal. The major routes through the site are narrow at 7m but will utilise permeable asphalt to reduce water runoff but accommodate the increased population transport requirements including buses. These priority routes also incorporate swales and rain gardens to mitigate vehicle contaminant effects.

The ďŹ ne scale path network allows pedestrians, cyclists and horse riders access to high amenity open space and productive land while providing connectivity th throughout the site. These link with the main road network and run along side the roads throughout the site. Paths will be a metal surface reecting the rural character of the landscape and ush with the ground where appropriate to allow machinery access to maintain and harvest crops yet sill allowing cyclists and horses to utilise the tracks in the winter months. th Private car use has been discouraged through limited parking allocation within the apartment blocks with the intention of implementing a public transport route through the site that links to the wider Karaka development and the regional network.

3D landform and transport routes.

Master Plan + 3D Images Combining site analysis and design aims, the ďŹ nal master plan brings together the individual elements into a cohesive design at a broad scale. This shows hydrology, building layout, circulation, re-vegetation, productive land and integrates the land-use capacity and ecological opportunities with a designed amenity based focus. The 3D images are indicative only and suggest potential materiality to show a desire to have mixed architectural styles and building typologies.

Re vegetated indigenous broadleaf Public open space Waterways Proposed stormwater devices High density housing Medium density housing Low density housing Residential productive land Productive land

Karaka - Urban Development Proposal Chloe Nelson

Building Footprints The housing clusters consist of medium density two story terraced housing at 150 square meters.

Each dwelling can occupy up to 3.5 residents. The High density apartment living is up to 6 stories and each apartment can occupy 3 residents. The apartment complex consists of a gym and recreational indoor sports and a swimming pool for the health and well-being of the residents.

Inspiration Models-Housing

The principal behind cluster housing is to develop on smaller footprints and enhance open space and ecological connectivity as well as conserving existing ecological integrity and rural character.

The apartment blocks have a green roof which softens the visual impact of the six story building as well as acting as a stormwater management device and accessible to residents as an open space.

There is underground parking for the apartment block. One car space per apartment. The terraced housing also consists of one car space per dwelling.

The housing cluster were determined their position by the existing contours. The clusters were placed on top of the highest points of site to utilise views of the coast, farmland and open spaces and to deal with stormwater run off through overland flow paths.

Mixed use, two story buildings are situated along the main roads. These consist of housing on the top floor and retail on the bottom such as cafĂŠs,

superettes, convenience stores and local produce stores.

Vegetation The water ways are buffered with a 50m buffer zone consisting of native indigenous forest. The creates a corridor / stepping stone to enhance ecological connectivity to the wider context. All waterways are planted with riparian plants which increase the water quality and deal with containment run off from development and roads. This indigenous forest planting also creates opportunity for passive recreating like walking and cycling as well as increasing biodiversity of both flora and fauna.

Each cluster has street tree planting of natives like titoki, nikau palms and pohutukawa. The apartment green roof is planted with native grasses.

Inspiration Models - Open space

Public Open Space

The development has a variety of open public spaces dotted around the site.

These open space are temporal and can be utilised through recreational activities such as sports games, community events like films in the park and spaces used for community markets. All these spaces are accessible to the community.

Inspiration Models - Farmland

Retained farmland The retained farmland of karaka consists of high producing grass lands for cattle and sheep as it is previously known for as well as preserving the rural character of the area. Karaka is also home to stud farming which as been retained.

This farmland also gives opportunity to the community to interact and be a part of the farming culture. Some farmland is open to the community for activities such as horse riding and cow milking while other parts are for commercial production.

Inspiration Models - Productive

Productive Land The productive land of the area was determined by the land use capability analysis map (LUC) although the entire site has very good soil for production the productive land was based around the clusters making it more accessible for community garden. These areas of productive land are maintained and looked after by the residents of the clusters. Local produce is grown for the community and can also be sold at farmers markets which in tern is economically beneficial for the community. This also bring opportunity to bring community closer together.

Circulation

Walking + Cycling + roads

There is a main, two lane road that runs through the centre of the site. This road is accessible by car as well and bike and foot and leads to the coast and to the point of Karaka North. Cycle ways run along the main roads and branch off connecting open spaces as well as through the indigenous forest and trails to the coast. These cycle ways also consist of walkways which can be used as leisure or as a transitional route to move between clusters.

Hydrology +

Stormwater management

Stormwater is managed by a series of installations around the site. Run off from roads is managed through swales, green roofs mitigate run off and create previous surfaces as well as slowing down water velocity. Natural wetlands are enhanced and stormwater pond are situated at the bottom of flow paths catching run off from the roads and impervious surfaces of the clusters. These ponds can also be utilised by the pubic in open spaces, increasing flora and attracting fauna.

Master Plan

Karaka Ecological Development Proposal

Nick Sisam

Karaka Masterplan

A focus on a small built footprint in order to maximise the public open space and revegetation potential of the site. The large scale public open space and revegetation are intended to increase the ecological functionality of the Karaka area by providing a green network that will increase the connectivity of vegetation patches throughout the wider area as well as creating new habitat areas for flora and fauna.

Mixed density residential development is in clusters throughout the wider site in order to protect and maintain areas of vegetation and productive land and maintain elements of the rural character of Karaka.

By following a periurban form of growth, urban expansion within the rural surroundings creates a landscape that combines both urban and rural spatial arrangements while encompassing social and economic activities of both.

Stormwater systems

Open space

Productive land

Revegetation

Mixed density residential

Cycleway

Pedestrian circulation

Road network

3D Images

Circulation

The circulation network has been designed to minimise the amount of roading needed in order to help limit the amount of impervious surface and associated runoff from extensive roading networks.

Pedestrian circulation is provided for with pavements running adjacent to the road network as well as through the public open space. Permeable pavement is used in order to assist with infiltration of runoff into the ground.

The cycle network connects through the between seperate cluster developments,

central public

area of the Karaka open space, and

site, allowing movement productive land areas.

Building Footprint

The site is comprised of a combination of apartment blocks, terrace housing and detached dwellings in order to disperse high and medium density throughout the area as opposed to rigid areas of separate housing density.

Apartment blocks are a mixture of three and five storey structures, centred around public open space and revegetated areas. Apartments range from 76 square metres to 106 square metres. Parking is provided for through a mixture of underground parking structures and above ground areas within the apartment complex.

Terrace housing consists of lots of 254 square metres with a total house area of 166 square metres.

The generous lot size allows for a parking structure as well as a small front and rear garden areas.

Detached housing is on lot sizes of 350 square metres with a house size of 190 square metres.

Housing areas are to be in small clusters that are positioned around revegetated areas as well as public open space areas. The size of the lot allows for off street parking and/or the construction of a garage.

Dwellings will be constructed with green roofs in order to help minimise the amount of impervious surface area and decrease the amount of runoff that is entering the stormwater management systems.

In total the development provides 899 dwellings with an estimated population of 2697 people. As this area is more focused upon residential and recreational concerns, commercial interests are limited to small scale business interests on the ground floor of some apartment blocks, such as general stores and cafĂŠs.

Vegetation

Urban development poses habitat fragmentation and through higher demand for as well as develop new

a risk to the overall ecological health of the wider Auckland area through destruction. Through increased pressure from urban expansion, especially more residential lots, the need to protect areas of existing native vegetation patches of vegetation must become a priority within future developments.

Tracts of public land are revegetated using indigenous species in order to develop habitat creation, ecological health of the site and population survival. By creating a green network of vegetation throughout the wider area, the overall connectivity of the surrounding environment will be increased.

Species selection is based upon indigenous species that will support native fauna species, especially birds and insects, and help support the pollination ecology of the wider area. By providing a green network of vegetation, suitable movement corridors are provided for native birds, as many will not fly over open or built-up areas. As native birds rely upon food from native plants, it is important that these tracts of land are protected to provide a suitable level of food for native species.

The revegetated tracts of land not only provide habitat creation and ecological health to the site, they provide areas of active recreation in the form of tracks and walkways that spread across the Karaka area.

Hydrology

Impervious surfaces inhibit the natural infiltration of rainwater into the ground and leads to more stormwater runoff and higher stormwater peak flows. Heavy metals, grease, oils, and other pollutants can collect and eventually contaminate waterways through transportation in storm events.

In order to address this, a combination of retention & detention basins, constructed wetlands, vegetated swales and raingardens is used in order to create an integrated water management (IWM) system in order to minimise harmful runoff and reduce the pressure on traditional drainage systems.

The inclusion of these basins and wetlands will help slow and store runoff from impervious surfaces such as rooftops, pavements, and roads to help reduce sediments and attached pollutants.

Constructed wetlands will also add to the ecological diversity of the site through habitat creation and will also contribute to the aesthetic value of the area.

Green roofs will also be included in the construction of new dwellings to help diminish the amount of runoff that enters stormwater systems. The use of green roofs as well as residential storage facilities such as rainwater tanks will help utilise hydrological elements of the site in order to be reused in an efficient and sustainable manner.

Productive Land

Areas of land have been set aside for agricultural and community garden development due to the suitable terrain and soils of the area. A range of plot sizes consisting of both public and private holdings will be spread throughout the area in a mosaic pattern in order to protect the rural character of the area.

Niche agriculture will help supply fresh and local produce to the area and increase the sustainability of the site by decreasing the amount of food that needs to be transported into the area.

By preserving tracts ensured, as well as

of land for productive means, the future preserving elements of the landscape and

production potential is character of the area.

By providing areas for community gardens, a sense of community, connection to the environment and neighbourhood improvement will be encouraged. Local communities will be less reliant upon external food sources and will lessen the dependence on fossil fuel use through transportation of agricultural goods.

Public Open Space

Areas of both active and passive recreational public open space have been preserved in order to recognize the value that these spaces provide. As public open space is a critical component of healthy lifestyles; protecting, promoting, and improving access to these areas is central.

By locating these areas around higher residential densities, the use of these spaces will be increased, ensuring that a variety of function opportunities are utilised, such as physical activity, passive recreation, access to the natural environment, and areas for children to play. By providing open space areas, the ability for people to meet and interact will contribute towards social cohesion and inclusion.

The public space of the site is designed to service the wider area, and provides a central area for sports fields for active recreation. The open space also allows for connection to the revegetated areas which have a network of walkways providing another form of recreation.

Karaka

Development Strategy Morgan Taylor

Site Development Located on North Karaka

Contents Development Strategy 1 Circulation 2 Medium Density 3 Commercial Space + Public Transport 4 Open Space + Public Parks 5 Storm Water Management 6 Planting Design 7 Master Plan 8-9

Site Constraints + Attributes

Flow Accumulation

Streams

Contours

The contours define the streams and flow accumulation.

The streams surrounding the site create constraints for development but are an opportunity to add amenity values for the township and community with public access and walkways. When streams are re-vegetated this will improve the flora and fauna of the site and wider context.

Development Strategy The objective of the proposed site development is to design a human scale settlement that allows ease of pedestrian flow. Developing settlements in clusters opens up land for public space, re-vegetation and productive land. The Buildings are developed on the flattest areas and are spaced around the re-vegetated streams, providing a close proximity to the streams for public access, Image 1. The streets are an easy walking span and are interconnecting with other streets, their are no dead street ends. The stand alone homes have limited outdoor space but are well connected to large parks for open space.

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Circulation Shared Roads Main Road Pedestrian walkways The cluster development and compact living allows people to live within a close proximity to public transport stations and a bus network would link through the township. To support the towns initiative of close connected living, residents are not permitted to own vehicles.

Residential buildings are within 400m of public transport stations, 400m is a comfortable walking distance for residents, Image 2. The main road runs through the centre of the town and connects to the Northern and East Peninsular of Karaka.

Roads running through the town are used for utility services and a public transport system. Street roads are shared spaces acting as an extension to residents front yards, street trees and seating provide areas for residents to socialise.

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Medium Density Apartment Buildings Stand Alone Houses

Medium Density Development Apartment Buildings Single Storey Houses Houses in Total

36 248 680

Dwellings per Hectare

54

People per Hectare 135 Based on 2.5 people per dwellings

Building Square Meters

Apartments are two storey with 6 apartments on each floor Plot 1394m2 Footprint 119 m2 Stand Alone Houses Plot 281m2 Footprint 152m2

Land Use

Area of Site Total Developed Land

50ha 24.23ha

Residential Land 12.59ha Inner Village Parks 3.61ha Commercial Space 1.55ha If the development increased the number of apartments by 5, this would take the town to High Density living, and would have a total of 67 dwellings per Hectare. The mix nature of the development puts the town on the higher end scale of medium density.

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Commercial Space + Public Transport Commercial Space + Public Transport Parking Space Commercial space and a public transport systems within the town offer residents employment and business opportunities. The two centres at either side of town allow residents ease of access and create active areas on both sides of the township. Car parking across from the commercial space offers disable and visitor parking.

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Open Space + Public Parks Open Space Public parks offer residents open spaces for recreational purposes and community events. Open spaces are a relief for residents living in the medium density development.

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Storm Water Management Rain Gardens + Swales

Storm water runoff is directed into swales and rain gardens to filtrate pollutants from the water and manage water on site. Plants used in rain gardens are native varieties of carex, sedges and rushes.

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Planting Design

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1) Streams have a 15m riparian buffer of native plants. carex dissita, carex secta, toetoe, swamp kiokio , putaputaweta, cabbage tree, kahikatea 2) Land around streams are vegetated with native plant species to enhance the biodiversity and ecological health of the site and provide habitats for fauna, increasing connectivity throughout Karaka. coprosma robusta, kawakawa, rewarewa, manuka, karaka, kauri, kowhai, mahoe, mapou, puriri, rimu, titoki Street Trees are a mix of Natives and Exotics Melia azederach - Indian Lilac, Beadtree, Alectryon excelsus - titoki

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Karaka

Master Plan Commercial Space + Public Transport Rain Gardens Open Public Space Main Road Buildings

d Lan d e etat lope g e S V Re- ams & Stre

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Commercial Space + Public Transport Public Open Space

Residential Property

Street view of shared space

Connectivity

Residential buildings and public park

Streams

Landform

Main entry into town, view of the commercial space + public transport

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