Otara Lake and Waterways Proposals

OTARA LAKE + WATERWAYS UNITEC & NCUT PROPOSALS

CONTENTS PUKEWAIRIKI: AUCKLAND’S CONNECTING HABITAT 3 RESTORING NATURAL SYSTEMS 15 A STRATEGIC APPROACH 29 RECONNECTING THE COMMUNITY 41 WATER TREATMENT 53 RE-ENGAGE 65 AXIS TO THE PACIFIC 79

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Pukewairiki: Auckland’s Connecting Habitat

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Pukewairiki: Auckland’s Connecting Habitat

Phasing Plan

The Patch-Corridor-Matrix classifies Auckland’s native

Stage One

and exotic forests into patches according to Meurk & Hall Patch-Corridor-Matrix model. The map illustrates

First 18 months

bird connectivity between the Waitakere Ranges, Great Barrier Island and the Hununa Ranges, each patch being a habitat for bird breeding and the corridors acting as feeding spots or stepping stones between patches. Each patch is categorised on area size, a large patch is of 25 hectares or greater, a small patch is between 5-25 hectares and a corridor/stepping stone is an area of forest that may not be big enough to be Begin wetland planting

Recap the landfill and stabilise the subsiding land

considered a patch but contributes to the connectivity of birds between patches. The distance between the two dominant patches within Auckland is growing, Otara presents an opportunity to act as a significant

Stage Two

patch between these two ranges.

Construct footpath/ cycleways and wharf

3 years

Native Forests of the Auckland Region + Bird Connectivity

Finish wetland revegitation

Great Barrier Island

Rebuild the Marae

Revegetation of the crater and Highbrook side of the lake

Stage Three 5 years

Revegetation of all stream buffers

Stage Four 10 years

Increased fauna and habitat quality

Otara Water quality will begin to stabilise

Stage Five 20 years

Potential Bird Connectivity

Possible removal of the weir for a fully healthy and functioning ecosystem

Current Bird Connectivity Corridors/Stepping Stones Small Patches

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Large Patches

Fully established ecosystem and patch that contributes to Auckland’s ecology and bird connectivity

Master Plan.

Pukewairiki Crater and Ngati Otara Reserve: Auckland’s Connecting Habitat

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Otara Lake

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Revegetation Buffer

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Existing Mangroves

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Open Space/Parkland

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Wetland Treatment

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BBQ Area

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Native Revegetation

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Weir

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Wharf

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Footpath/Cycleway

Landfill

Perspectives 5

1:3000 @ A1

Regenerated Flora and Fauna.

Key Stone Specie

Transect: Highbrook Drive-Otara Creek

Key Stone Species are symbols of diverse ecosystems and healthy bush vitalities. Auckland’s key stone species are tui’s and bellbird’s.

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Key Stone Specie

Kereru

- Kereru inhabit a wide variety of forest types: podocarp-broadleaf forest, beech forest, second growth native forest regenerating after logging, small forest remnants, and exotic plantations (especially those with a stream and native shrubs and trees). They also occur in farmland shelterbelts, urban parks, and rural and suburban gardens.

Fantail

- Fantails exhibit wide tastes in habitat; while the majority of species are found in rainforests fantails exist in most available habitats from deserts and mangrove forests to highly modified agricultural and urban environments.

Tui

- Tui prefer broadleaf forests below 1500 metres but will tolerate quite small remnant patches, regrowth, exotic plantations and well-vegetated suburbs.

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Oystercatcher

– Oystercatchers use a wide variety of different coastal habitats.

Most commonly sandy beaches, sand spits, shell banks, and rocky shorelines.

Bellbird -

Bellbirds live in native forest and regenerating forest, especially where there is diverse or dense vegetation

Key Stone Specie

Silvereye - Silvereyes may occur

Revegetation –

By re-vegetating Ngati Otara Park it will help prevent further degradation of the land and water. Native vegetation provides shelter, feeding, breeding and roosting site for native animals. Using Flora such as Kauri and Kahikatea will reinstate and improve native vegetation, provide habitat, provide connectivity between remnant vegetation and improve the quality of the soils and creek.

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Wetlands – Submerged water plants, emergent water plants, surrounding trees and

shrubs all play a number of roles in a wetland to contribute to water purification, flood control and shoreline stability. Wetlands also are considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems, serving as homes to a wide range of plant and animal life. Flora in a wetland such as toetoe, clubrush, flax, jointed twig rush, mahoe, nikau etc., provide a food source for native fauna, habitat for invertebrates and they also carry filtration capabilities.

Otara Creek

Ngati Otara Reserve

Highbrook Drive

Pukewairiki Volcanic Crater

in almost any wooded habitat, especially commercial orchards and urban parks and gardens.

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Our design focuses restoring the native flora and fauna to Otara. This will consist of approximately 50 hectares of revegetating native bush to three key areas: Highbrook Park (Pukewairiki crater), Ngati Otara Park and the Contact Energy Site surrounding the lake. Through this revegetation of the site the natural ecological processes will begin to clean up the site while creating a native oasis of flora and fauna that not only benefits the community of Otara but all of Auckland. In addition, a network of walkways and cycle ways will be implemented throughout the design to provide an interactive experience of the patch. A series of wetlands and filtration devices will be installed in the upper estuary to catch the sediment in the runoff from the wider catchment.

This will create an Otara that will service the future generations to come as a naturally beautiful, vibrant reserve, a reserve the community will be proud of and will be at the forefront of urban, ecological remediation design.

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NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

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to the people living in the grey building in.

I picked Iby because can ammyself interested in theitfollowing things: man and environment, When the draw when a tree in the drawings on me,

nfit get from and landscape. of mankind. as if Ifun wasplants for theour city design. to create a green and happy.

In life love cooking, Food is indispensable to my life,Whenever I put different ess of Idesign. foods together to create a delicious, I feel that my life is full of hope.

Name: Yu Han

Ni University of Technology Technology EducationName: School:Haoran North China Education School: North China University of Technology Major: Landscape architecture

Statement: From the specialized knowledge which I have learned, Major: Landscape architecture self because it can I am interested in the following things: man and environment,

our design. profession, chitecture plants and landscape.

cape in the city,

ilding in.

Hello, everyone. We are group four. In this project, the remediated landscape in Otara Lake, our group is concerned about the improvement of the ecological environment, we plan to create a e drawings on me, better living environment for both human and animals. First, we analysed the current situation of the site, and choose four main plots to do the transformation. And then, we did some researches Name: Haoran Ni about how to solve the problem of water pollution. Finally, we decided to combine the sewage reen and happy.

Education School: North China University of Technology treatment and landscape construction to create a range of places for the residents, that’s include a n leisure andIentertainment zone, a place for sports, an education center and a culture experienced pensable to my life,Whenever put different Major: Landscape architecture spot. We would also improve the road net, to construct the ecological green network, make the whole surrounding region as a whole, that’s will not only convenient the interaction between us, I feel that my life is full ofriver hope. people, but also provide a habitat for wildlife. We hope our design will bing a better condition ession, for the lake and we are very honored to do a little contribution for improve the residents’ life.

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iversity of Technology me, 14

2 Restoring Natural Systems

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OTARA ESTUARY

RE-STORING NATURAL SYSTEMS

CATCHMENT AREA

HIGH TIDE OPPORTUNITIES Accelerated return to recreation activities

Accelerated return to food source Save rate payers millions of dollars in ongoing maintenance Greatly improve upon current watershed management issues Natural buffer between the land and ocean, absorbing floodwaters and storm surges Improve water quality Improve habitat and biodiversity Contribute significantly to a healthier Otara Creek. Much of the sediments and pollutants are filtered out as the water flows through the wetlands.

CONSIDERATIONS

Water Recreation Restricted to Tidal Flow

SCALE 1:2500

Altered Visual Amenity

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Re-claimed Wetlands

Mangroves

Dredged Channel

Tidal Flats

Coastal Planting

Re-Vegetated Planting

Grassed Area

Sports Field

Marae

• • •

Use dredged sediments new land along shoreline.

Remove weir.

Plant salt-mash, wetlands species to stabilise earthworks, treating stormwater run-off and leachate from landfill.

PHASE ONE

PHASE TWO

OUTCOME

• •

•

Dredged sedime material (mudcre

• •

Dredge main estuary channel.

Use dredged sediments new land along shoreline.

Remove weir.

Plant salt-mash, wetlands species to stabilise earthworks, treating stormwater run-off and leachate from landfill.

• •

Re-claimed wetla

Cap landfill with mudcrete*. Lay dredged sediment mixed with soil on top of landfill capping. Plant with native grasses.

Build path network and roads using mudcrete.

Re-vegetate existing shoreline with native coastal plants. *mudcrete is a material made from a combination of dredged contaminated silt and cement.

PHASE ONE • • • •

Dredge main estuary channel.

Use dredged sediments for new land along shoreline.

Remove weir.

Plant salt-marsh and wetland species to stabilise earthworks, treat stormwater run-off and leachate from landfill.

PHASE TWO •

• •

PHASE TWO

Re-establishing t maintenance req wetlands address

Re-activating the contact with the Adding value to waterways.

Re-establishing th

PHASE THREE

FLORA AND

Re-claimed wetlands will help mitigate local existing and future pollution inflows.

Relocate marae to and establish a new sense to of create place.a stable building Dredged sediment used • onsite for land reclamation combined with cement • Cap Caplandfill landfill with with mudcrete*.

Lay Lay dredged sediment mudcrete*.

• Re-locate Marae to re-establish reducing the re-vegetate cost of disposal off site.

• Selectively sports fields and eastern mixed with soil on top of landfill capping and plantmaterial with (mudcrete). Significantly dredged sediment mixed with soil boundary. sense of place. native species.

Dredged sediment mixed with cement forming mudcrete, permanently stabilises heavy metal contaminants • Selectively Re-introduce aquatic species for food damage. re-vegetate toppath of network landfill and capping.

Plantmudcrete. preventing further•environmental • onBuild roads using sports fieldsource and improved water quality with native coastal plants.

• with Re-vegetate shoreline with native coastal plants. native existing grasses. and eastern boundary.

Sarcocorina quinqueflora

Re-establishing the estuary re-stores the natural processes, creating long term sustainability and reduced maintenance requirements. Ecological services, such as phytoremediation planting extract heavy metals and *mudcrete is a material made from a combination of dredged contaminated wetlands address stormwater. silt and cement.

Build path network and roads using mudcrete.

Re-vegetate existing shoreline with native coastal plants.

*mudcrete is a material made from a combination of dredged contaminated silt and cement.

PHASE THREE •

OUTCOMESPHASE THREE

Dredged sedime preventing furthe

Re-locate Marae to re-establish

•

Re-introduce aquatic species for food source and improved water Re-activating the estuary with natural tidal flushing, is the fastest and most efficient method of re-establishing contact with the water. quality with native coastal plants.

High Tide

Channel

Adding value to the local and wider community, as part of a network that connects to surrounding parks and waterways.

Eel

Re-establishing the aesthetic heritage, spiritual and cultural values, by activating a natural functioning waterway.

FLORA AND FAUNA OPPORTUNITIES Sarcocorina quinqueflora

Avicennia marina

Juncus acutus

Apodasmia similis

Plagianthus divaricatus

Carex virgata

Austroderia fulvida

Cordyline australis

Phormium tenax

Melicytus ramiflorus

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Coprosma repens

Leptospermum scoparium

Mertosideros excelsa

Li

soil

Dredged sediment mixed with cement forming mudcrete, permanently stabilises heavy metal contaminants preventing further environmental damage.

PHASE ONE Re-establishing the estuary re-stores the natural processes, creating long term sustainability and reduced • Dredgeplanting mainextract estuary channel. maintenance requirements. Ecological services, such as phytoremediation heavy metals and wetlands address stormwater.

• Use dredged sediments new land

along Re-activating the estuary with natural tidal flushing, is the fastest and mostshoreline. efficient method of re-establishing • Remove weir. contact with the water.

•

Plant salt-mash, wetlands species

Adding value to the local and wider community, as part of a network that connects to surrounding parks and to stabilise earthworks, treating waterways.

stormwater run-off and leachate Re-establishing the aesthetic heritage, spiritual and cultural values, by activating a natural functioning waterway. from landfill.

FLORA AND FAUNA OPPORTUNITIES Sarcocorina quinqueflora

Avicennia marina

Juncus acutus

Apodasmia similis

Plagianthus divaricatus

Carex virgata

PHASE TWO

Austroderia fulvida

•

eld

r er s.

• High Tide

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Constructed Wetland Channel

Saltmarsh Meadow

Tidal Mud Flats

Cordyline australis

Phormium tenax

Melicytus ramiflorus

Coprosma repens

Leptospermum scoparium

Mertosideros excelsa

Cap landfill with mudcrete*. Lay dredged sediment mixed with soil on top of landfill capping. Plant with native grasses.

Build path network and roads using mudcrete.

Re-vegetate existing shoreline with native coastal plants.

Stormwater Discharge

Existing Land

Riparian Coastal Margin

*mudcrete is a material made from a combination of dredged contaminated silt and cement.

Eel

Little black mussel

Pacific Oyster

Cats eye snail

Crabs

Godwit

Lizard

Oyster catcher

Kingfisher

Kereru

Tui

PHASE THREE • • •

Re-locate Marae to re-establish sense of place.

Selectively re-vegetate sports field and eastern boundary.

Re-introduce aquatic species for food source and improved water quality with native coastal plants.

OUTCOMES

Re-claimed wetlands will help mitigate local existing and future pollution inflows.

Dredged sediment used onsite for land reclamation and combined with cement to create a stable building material (mudcrete). Significantly reducing the cost of disposal off site.

Dredged sediment mixed with cement forming mudcrete, permanently stabilises heavy metal contaminants preventing further environmental damage.

Re-establishing the estuary re-stores the natural processes, creating long term sustainability and reduced maintenance requirements. Ecological services, such as phytoremediation planting extract heavy metals and wetlands address stormwater.

Re-activating the estuary with natural tidal flushing, is the fastest and most efficient method of re-establishing contact with the water.

Adding value to the local and wider community, as part of a network that connects to surrounding parks and waterways.

Re-establishing the aesthetic heritage, spiritual and cultural values, by activating a natural functioning waterway.

FLORA AND FAUNA OPPORTUNITIES Sarcocorina quinqueflora

Avicennia marina

Juncus acutus

Apodasmia similis

Plagianthus divaricatus

Carex virgata

Austroderia fulvida

Cordyline australis

Phormium tenax

Melicytus ramiflorus

Coprosma repens

Leptospermum scoparium

Mertosideros excelsa

High Tide Stormwater Discharge

Constructed Wetland Channel

Existing Land

Riparian Coastal Margin

Saltmarsh Meadow

Tidal Mud Flats

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Little black mussel

Pacific Oyster

Cats eye snail

Crabs

Godwit

Oyster catcher

Lizard

Kingfisher

Kereru

Tui

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We forget that the water cycle and the life cycle are one.

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JACQUES COUSTEAU

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By removing the weir and restoring the lake to the natural estuary processes through staged implementation, the waterway can become a place that is ecologically healthy and an asset for the local community.

Currently Otara Lake is polluted and unusable for the local community.A buildup of contaminated sediments has occurred because of the weir, and it was with this in mind that we approached the problem. By maintaining the weir and lake, remedying this situation will take considerable time and money, which will also require ongoing maintenance costs in the future for the community.

Dredged material from the lake is used to create wetlands for filtering polluted runoff as well as a connecting island to Highbrook. Dredged material is also kept and used onsite as a construction material in the form of mudcrete.

Contaminated land from the landfill is also capped with mudcrete in order to halt the leeching into the waterway, and planted with native vegetation. We also felt that it was very important to relocate the marae from this contaminated land to the rehabilitated coastal edge in order to create a sense of place and connection to the waterway.

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NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

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A STRATEGIC APPROACH

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OTARA CATCHMENT

LINEAR CITY PROPOSAL

GREEN HEART PROPOSAL

CBD NODE

A STRATEGIC APPROACH

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- LOGAN CAIRNS, NICK REGAL, LOGAN PENNINGTON, MICHAEL SUN GREENLANE NODE

ELLERSLIE NODE

SYLVIA PARK NODE

OTAHUHU NODE

POTENTIAL OTARA NODE

LEGEND LEGEND NODES Map Title

OF INTENSIFICATION ALONG MOTORWAY

HEAVY INDUSTRY

INTENSIFICATION TOWARDS COASTAL EDGE

RESTRICTION OF LAKE PROPOSAL

Map Title

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Large housing allotments based around waterways. We believe there is opportunities to reconfigure and intensify housing around these zones. This will ultimately reconfigure housing around the lake and waterways.

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HOUSING INTENSIFICATION PROPOSAL

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This map/plan is illustrative only and all information should be independently verified on site before taking any action.Copyright Auckland Council. Boundary information from LINZ (Crown Copyright Reserved).

Whilst due care has been taken, Auckland Council gives no warranty as to the accuracy and completeness of any information on this map/plan and accepts no liability for any error, omission or use of the information.

Height datum: Auckland 1946.

LIGHT INDUSTRY

Scale @ A3 1:8000

Created: Tuesday, 1 April 2014,10:56:57 p.m.

AUCKLANDS CONTEXT

GREEN HEART

MOTORWAY ´

H igh

This map/plan is illustrative only and all information should be independently verified on site before taking any action.Copyright Auckland Council. Boundary information from LINZ (Crown Copyright Reserved).

Whilst due care has been taken, Auckland Council gives no warranty as to the accuracy and completeness of any information on this map/plan and accepts no liability for any error, omission or use of the information.

Height datum: Auckland 1946.

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Scale @ A3 1:100000

Created: Tuesday, 1 April 2014,2:04:46 p.m.

HOUSING FOOTPRINT AREAS OF VEGETATION HOUSING LOTS WATERWAYS

HOUSING FOOTPRINT

OTARA CONTEXT 30

DREDGED LAKE GRADUAL RESTRICTION OF LAKE

AREAS OF VEGETATION

STAGE 1 - BUILD UP OF DREDGED LAKE

HOUSING LOTS

STAGE 2 - PLANTING OF SALT MARSH

WATERWAYS

STAGE 3 - MANGROVE ACCUMULATION

DREDGED MATERIAL MOVED UPSTREAM

WATERWAYS

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Otara Master Plan

Education

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Local Centre

Re-vegetation

Coastal Walkway

Estuary restriction

Porous Road Edge

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Ro Terraced Housing

R oa

Roa d

th ou tS Road

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Scale 1:4500

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GREEN HEART HOUSING DEVELOPMENT

LANDFILL INTERVENTION

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GREEN HEART HOUSING AXONOMETRIC

CONCEPTUAL PLAN

KEY 1 - WE PROPOSE FOR THE EXISITNG LARGE SECTIONS TO REMAIN WITHIN THE GREEN HEART OF OTARA. THE UNITARY PLAN PROPOSES THIS AREA TO BECOME INTENSIFIED WITH SMALLER SECTION HOUSING. WE FEEL THESE LARGE SECTIONS SHOULD REMAIN INSIDE THE HEART OF OTARA TO HELP REDUCE THE IMPERMEABLE SURFACE AREA WITHIN THE CATCHMENT. THESE SECTIONS WILL ACT AREA FOR SOAKAGE THIS WILL HELP REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF RUN OFF ON THE LAKE AND DIMINISH THE CARRY ON EFFECTS TO THE LAKE.

THIS IS A POSSIBLE LANDFILL INTERVENTION WHICH COULD BE APPLIED TO THE SITE. THIS IS A CONCEPTUAL PLAN OF A RECREATIONAL SPACE AROUND OTARAS PAST LANDFILL. THE IDEA OF CAPPING THE CURRENT LANDFILL WITH A LARGE UNDERGROUND WALL TO CONTAIN THE LEACHATE FROM THE SPILLING INTO THE SURROUNDING WATERWAYSAND CASUING FURTHER DEGRADATION TO THE LAKE. RE-VEGETATION OF THE LANDFILL SITE WILL HELP CAPTHE AREA AND PREVENT FURTHER SUBSIDENCE. PLANTING IN THIS AREA WILL ALSO HELP REDUCE CONTAMINANTS FROM THE LANDFILL THROUGH THE EFFECTS OF PHYTOREMEDIATION.

2 - TREES WILL BE PLANTED DOWN THE MAIN STREETS OF OTARA. POROUS TREE PITS WILL ALLOW FOR RUN OFF TO BE FILTERED INTO THESE SECTIONS. 3 - POROUS LANES AND STREETS ESTABLISHED THROUGHOUT ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENTS. THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF GREATER PERMEABLE SURFACE AREAS THIS SHALL ALLOW A LOWER IMPACT THROUHGOUT OUR URBAN DESIGN. 4 - SWALES/ RAINGARDENS AND BERMS ESTABLISHED THROUGHOUT THE GREEN HEART OF OTARA. PROMOTING OTARA AS A GREEN LOW IMPACTING URBAN ENVRIONMENT. 32 5 - REVEGETATION AROUND HOUSING BOUNDARIES.

CONCEPTUAL SECTION

PERSPECTIVE LOOKING EAST AT NGATI OTARA PARK

HOUSING INTENSIFICATION REVEGETATION WATERWAYS

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RECREATIONAL PATHWAY

PERSPECTIVE - FROM HIGHBROOK TOWARDS OTARA

PERSPECTIVE - OTARA RD. HIGHBROOK CONNECTION

Otara will become the green heart while the quality of the lake, occupations, housing and green networks increases.

We look to propose a green heart concept to Otara where we will intensify the coastal edges with terraced housing and creating an internal catchment where the large lot housing will remain and low impact urban design features will be installed as a filtering system to the lake.

We would like Otara to become a link in Auckland’s linear city where a new node of intensification on Bairds Road next to State Highway One will promote amenity and jobs to the area.

We propose to squeeze part of the lake by dredging the western part of the lake and placing the sediment on the northern and southern sides. The sediment will be planted to create wetlands and salt marshes as addition to the mangroves, to allow for filtration of the sediments enhancing water quality to create a healthier estuarine ecosystem.

A pedestrian bridge will be implemented in to the site where Otara road ends to complete the connection from Ngati Otara Park to Highbrook Park; the walkway will run around the circumference of the lake interlinking with our intensified housing.

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NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

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RECONNECTING THE COMMUNITY

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O TA RA LAKE + WAT E R WAY S Our proposal is driven by the desire to reconnect the Otara community with their waterway through nature, culture and industry.

We propose a three-part Masterplan that can be completed in stages throughout the next 30 years.

Stage One aims to reconnect the Otara community with its waterways by enhancing and restoring the health of the lake and surrounding ecology, through the use of bio-filtration and bio-remediation techniques. Additional to this, we proposed enhancing the existing pedestrian network by connecting the smaller community pockets to the main walkway, completing the shoreline circuit and bridging the estuary between Ngati Otara Park and Highbrook Park.

Stage Two involves creating a culture-driven platform for place-making through passive and reflective interventions such as the symbolic rebuilding of Te Puke o Tara mountain and more dynamic community spaces such as the Waka-Ama pontoon, Marae and new community events center.

In Stage Three we have integrated industry into our proposal as we believe it is, and will continue to be, an important part of the Otara community. The introduction of a bio-textile farming industry as well as the creation of a new business park will provide an economic boost to the area and become a large source of local employment.

Additionally we propose the current Contact Energy holding pond to be refitted as a wetland to filter industrial runoff before it enters the lake.

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Group One: Dustyn O’Leary, Genevieve Mrost, Andrea Reid, Brendan Clemens

NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

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Background

District Analysis

Auckland , New Zealand's largest city, the country's industrial, commercial and economic and trade center.Auckland, North I sland, New Zealand Auckland region, which has 56 islands, half of inland towns, half of the seaside town of features makes it a diversified water world.Auckland, New Zealand in 1841-1865 years second term capital (the former capital of Russell, later moved the capital to present Wellington).The world's most important multinational companies have offices in Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, indeed, "economically."Auckland is Oakland

Otara

New Zealand

Oakland

New Zealand's foreign trade, tourism portal, is an important

Otara

road, rail and air transportation hub.Auckland is New Zealand's largest and busiest commercial and financial center, and a number of stock exchanges of New Zealand's largest bank headquarters is located here.

Green coverage analysis Green dots indicate the Otara vegetation coverage ratio.As can be seen from the figure, the upper reaches of the south bank of green areas more widely distributed, high vegetation density.However, downstream rivers and vegetation coverage was significantly lower North Shore area.

Water

New

Residential Green system Business

Zealand Peas

flax

Kauri

Mangroves

Kiwi

Apple

Industrial area

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1959

current

1996

1996

current

Hydro

1959

future

current

Fourwinged Grapes

locust

future

Industrial Land Use

Residential area

Vegetation Cover

Silver Fern

Cattails

Wheat

Oat

Transition from industrial land, residential changes and changes in vegetation cover, we can see, Otara region since the sixties of last century's rapid economic development, population increase year by year, but the vegetation coverage has declined year by year.This shows that the employment pressure industrial civilization huge impact on the ecological environment, and population expansion brought about by the city, ecological pressures and sustainable development pressures.

Due to the decrease of vegetation coverage, it is inevitable to make the ecological balance of the area has been damaged.Therefore, we in the ecological cycle during the theme of landscape restoration

Analysis of Otara

design, advocated the formation of "Mussels - Mangrove - Wetlands "natural recovery type landscape.

Creek status

Plant analysis

Among them, the local native mussels as fruitful plants with good water purification and sewage treatment capacity; mangrove wetlands are also planted in native species.Through this repair model, coupled beads style landscape nodes, connected in series with each other and then greenways, eventually forming the

Transportation Analysis

overall design.

The blue part of the design of the road block road simulation, it can be seen surrounding the distribution of Otara Creekhas a highway intersection slip road within the community aswell as a

Pollution analysis

For the design of pollution sources There are

number of available bikes and running several roads.

three main plots, domestic water, industrial water and suspended sediment.We can use

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water purification systems and sludge treatment systems combined approach to

1ďźš3000

Landscape Analysis

solve the pollution problem.

For the situation analysis and case, we consider the use of beads style landscape design build approach for land planning.Thus the separation of six district as landscape nodesďźŒfrom the Maori Cultural Plaza, educational propaganda Square upstream to

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midstream planting parks, sports venues and distribution of N

wetlands,then downstream design guru Peter Walker venue, constitute "since, bearing, transfer, together" the pearl, the last in

1ďźš3000

series with the greenway.

1. Water mussels

1.2 mussel purification process

3. Mangrove wetlands purify water

1.1 mussel farming areas

3.1 Mangrove wetland areas

1.4 mussel farming rendering

3.2 Status of mangroves a、The area of mangrove buffer zone range

1.3 Select reason of mussel purification New Zealand has a unique local green

the cause of clean

shell mussels

water mussel farming

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Specialty

b、The mangrove area status map

Deible

Water

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purification To eat, bring

To remove any contaminants Breeding

in water, and transformed

economic effect

into organic fertilizer Grow quickly, 18

3.3 Establishment of the mangrov e wetland

months to mature

We learn from a few years ago "BIO FILTRATION CONNECTION" After this program, proposed the use of clean water

Existing mangrov es,

Increase the species

can reduce the cost

div ersity of the local

mussels that vision.

Save

Animal

1.5 Mussels water composition

Purification 1、hav e sedimentation of suspended matter; 2、the enrichment of heav y metal absorption; 3、N, P and other nutrients purification of w astew ater。

3.4 The mangrove w etland purification system 2、the internal principle

1、The external principle

2. Sludge treatment

Wind

2.1 Silt situation

New

The region river silt accumulation is serious, affect the local river w ater quality. the depth of the river silt, xuan main channel in the deep zone has at least 175000 cubic meters of silt deposition in the lake. The silt and a large number of pollutants at the same time, its main pollutants are "urban" metals, including copper, leand, zinc, etc.

2.2 The use of sludge Sludge treatment method:

Cells

Sewage CO2、NH3

O2

So the first part of the w ater purification is the handling of silt. Through to measure

Asphalt

O2

New Sediment

Cells

Microbial Bacteria Permeability Biological

about

water

residue

3.5 The mangrove wetland intention figure

Brick

Plantation soil

cage

4. Rainwater collection system

Trad

silt reuse method

Detailing local

1, can be used for short-term

rainwater collection

dam construction, the flood

system

control storage; 2, mixed with volcanic rocks in the manufacture of new

Dredge

silt

planting

soil

asphalt water imbibition; 3, fertile and rich nutrition, can be used to do the plantation

49

soil.

volcanic

rock

Paving

Design Description Otara Creek project design is based on the theme of the ecological cycle, creating a natural river landscape restoration project type. There are multiple nodes landscape along the river for water pollution, and ultimately a "pearl chain" connected by greenways.Among them, the main design points mangrove

3

wetlands, plantations, cattails Park, Maori cultural plaza plots. Mangrove wetlands purify the river, mud and cattails garden plantations silt from the river, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

1〠Mangrove wetland floor plan 2

1

Design description: Mangrove wetland as the second downstream purification system along the river near to purify water. The region has a lot of mangrove forest

resources, to form

artificial mangrove wetland provides a good condition, also could the design budget. Mangrove wetland is of great benefit to biodiversity at the same time, can improve the local biological resources, realize the harmonious development of man and nature.

1

4 1:3000

Botanical garden

1 2

Maori culture square

3

Cattail Garden

4

Education Park

1

2

2

N

Watercourse

Plant species

Traffic routes Mangroves border

1:5000

Node

2〠Botanical garden plan Crassipes

Typha

Mangrove

Canna

Plane surface figure 1-1 1:1000

1:500

2-2 1:1000

Design description Plantation near the local primary school, for the local pupils fun plantation of mud from the river silt, realized thereuse of sludge. There are all kinds of plants and crops plantation, can beautify the environment at the same time foreating

Biological species

Wetland rendering

3〠typha garden design Australis

N

1:500 Crenata

Design description:

Before

Senhousia

Typha garden design according to the local folk custom features to sail like transformation, typha garden is located in the north river, adjacent to

50

industrial zone beautify the environment, purifying water, and can promote the local residents and industrial activities closely, and cattails have higher

The floor plan

economic value.Believe that typha garden will be a unique scenery line

Crassa

After

The specification of Maori culture square In the traditional culture as the theme design of Maori culture plaza is the distribution function of the square.Among them, joined the Maori culture elements in 1-4. From the entrance to the layout, many a local flower flower beds, and 2.5 arc-shaped pool as one of the landscape visual center, the square is the center of Maori culture and landscape landscape wall column, and finally to both distributed function of the site as the end of "aesthetic rhythm, which play the".

Landscape wall and the pool intention

N

Maori culture square Plans 1-4 Maori culture landscape pillars

5 pool

6 Flower bed

Maori culture square aerial view

7 The entrance 1:200

The element

of Maori culture

1

2

3

4

An aerial view Otara Creek

51

Otara Creek project design is based on the theme of the ecological cycle, creating a natural river landscape restoration project type. There are multiple nodes landscape along the river for water pollution, and ultimately a “pearl chain� connected by greenways.Among them, the main design points mangrove wetlands, plantations, cattails Park, Maori cultural plaza plots. Mangrove wetlands purify the river, mud and cattails garden plantations silt from the river, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

52

5

WATER TREATMENT

53

WATER TREATMENT

ALLOCATION OF 3-STAGE WATER TREATMENT DEVICES

A.

Highbrook B.

C.

East Tamaki

B.

A. A.

Otara A. RETENTION POND

A retention pond is used to manage stormwater runoff to prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay

RHIZOFILTRATION B. SEDIMENT POND

A sediment pond is a temporary pond built on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, protect neighboring properties, and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river, lake, wetland or bay.

C. WETLAND

Wetlands are defined as lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems, where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water. Wetlands are an important part of natural ecosystems, providing habitat, reducing downstream flooding, and improving water quality

54

B’

MASTERPLAN

Highbrook

P1

East Tamaki

B

V

P4

V

V

A

P3

V

P2

A’

Ngati Otara Park

V

P5

Scale 1:2500

1. REMEDIATING

2. IMPLEMENTING

• Opening of weir to flush the lake’s water

• Immediate construction of floating pool to integrate community • Encourage the growth of the floating wetland population to promote with the water biodiversity and ecological connections.

• Pedestrian connections to Highbrook and East Tamaki from Otara • Maintenance of devices to maximise productivity of water remediation • Introduce first series of floating wetland system as both a water treatment device and ecological expansion device • Recycling silt collected within the sediment ponds for rhizofiltration, to • Implement the 3-stage water treatment network ensure a fully closed-loop treatment circuit

• Dredging of the selected area to be performed to remove silt • Silt obtained is planted (e.g. community involvment through planting events) on the banks to be treated through rhizofiltration

3. SUSTAINING

55

P1

56

P2

P3

A

B

Scale 1:800

A’

Scale 1:800

B’

P5

P4

57

PROJECT BY: Shayne Noronha Riyasp Bhandari Vaughan MacKenzie-Browne

58

NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

59

60

61

62

63

Name:：Meng Gender：fema Age：21 (ps Major：Lands E-mail：xi.xi.

Hobby ： Sing games, readin kinds of sports

REASEARCH INTERESTS: city design, Vernacular landscape, tourism planning, Waterfront landscape

E: Hsü Yingyu

ARCH INTERESTS:

sign,

As you can see in the photo,I have a Samoye.It is lovely, but sometimes naughty.In spite of this,I’m still love him,take care of his diet,clean up his shit,just like he is my family.That’s what I have got to do,right?By the way,my English is so

cular landscape,

m planning,

bad.If you can understand,it is really wronged you.:-D Allright，to the point，I hope we can cooperate well,and design this I’m not knowing why it is so.LOL For the horde!

ront landscape

As you can see in the photo,I have a Samoye.It is lovely, but sometimes naughty.In spite of this,I’m still love him,take care of his diet,clean up his shit,just like he is my family.That’s what I have got to do,right?By the way,my English is so bad.If you can understand,it is really wronged you.:-D Allright，to the point，I hope we can 64

cooperate well,and design this I’m not knowing why it is so.LOL For the horde!

Zi Wang

Name:：Mengqi DOU Gender：female Name:：Wang W Age：21 (ps:I’m a Ca Gender：female Major：Landscape Age：22 Arc Major：Landsca E-mail：xi.xi.qq@163.

E-mail：wwq04 Hobby ： Singing, pla Hobby：Japanes games, reading, hikin kinds of sports~

Name:：Jiangxin Gender：female Age：21 Major：Landsca E-mail：nina921 Name:：WangHobby：Swimm Wanqing

Gender：female Age：22

6

RE-ENGAGE

65

RE-ENGAGE

THE ŌTARA COMMUNITY PROJECT 2015

ECOLOGY

52,294

Planting along the streams and water edges to reduce runoff and the level of contaminants

CONNECTIONS

OF CATCHMENT RIPAIRIAN PLANTING

25.5km

EMPLOYMENT

OF STREAM RIPAIRIAN PLANTING

AK

FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES

TA M

OO BR EN

EA ST

PL

HI GH

20

I

K

Employment generation through community involvement in the planting (local nurseries), construction and maintenance phase

W

SH

RT

BU

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AT

BA RR

FL

R SI

AP EL R CH

AN IR IR TE

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GI

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DR

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ILL

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N

RE SE

RV

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CE NT RE

M AY F

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RD ES

BR K PA R A OT AR TO W A OT AR

66

IS

GE ID

K PA R K OO BR GH HI

PA R

K

SP

AN

RI

TR

NG

IM

S

CR

RD

ES

313,766

145km

Implement a pathway network to connect the suburbs of Highbrook, Flat Bush, East Tamaki and Otara

AR

2021

COMMUNITY NETWORK

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

GREEN NETWORK

Ō TA R A C AT C H M E N T NGATI ŌTARA PARK TAMAKI RIVER

ŌTARA CREEK RESERVE + MAYFIELD PARK

EAST TAMAKI

EAST TAMAKI RESERVE SIR BARRY CURTIS PARK

FLAT BUSH

ŌTARA

67

Setting up local nurseries along the reserves like East Tamaki Reserve, Mayfrield Park, Otara Creek Reserve and Ngatai Otara Park on the pathway network not only speeds up the process but localizes employment opportunities.

Ō TA R A M A S T E R P L A N

A NGATI ŌTARA PARK

B C ŌTARA CREEK RESERVE + MAYFIELD PARK

key | 1.8000 @A1 re-vegetated stream corridor secondary pathway network 68

A pathway network along the stream and connecting the nearby suburbs like Highbrook, East Tamaki and Flat Bush adds amenity value to the setting.

Taking a cue from the Orakei Marae, a nursery could be set up at the Ngati Otara Marae Similar projects have been implemented in the Auckland region like Project Twin Streams for the rehabilitation of waterways along the Waitakere Ranges.

proposed nursery locations

phase_TWO L

IP

ON

S RD

IVE

D

KI R

MA T TA

EAS

EAST TAMAKI RD

CRES

BARRY CURTIS PARK

TE IR

TE IR IRAN GI DR IVE

IVE GI DR IRAN

EAST TAMAKI RD

TE IR

EAST TAMAKI RD

LOVEGROVE CRES

BARRY CURTIS PARK

KSON

GI DR

OTAR

S RD

LOVEGROVE CRES

CLAR

RD

RD

A RD OTAR

OTAR A

BAIRD

S RD

BARRY CURTIS PARK

ES RD

D

IR

AK

AM TT

S EA

SPRIN G

STON

BAIRD

LOVEGROVE CRES

JOHN

HILLS

ES RD

A RD

ES RD

ES

JOHN

STON

STON

FRANKL YNE

ALEX ANDE R CR

JOHN

ANTRIM CRES

GS R D

FRANKL YNE

NGATI OTARA PARK

SPRIN

NGATI OTARA PARK

NGATI OTARA PARK

FRANKL YNE RD

AV E

RT

ON

PL

HIGHBROOK PARK

PL

HIGHBROOK PARK

HIGHBROOK PARK

L

IP

IRIK

KIW

KE

PU

HAMILL RD

IRIK

KIW

KE

PU

phase_THREE

IRAN

phase_ONE

AV ER T

PHASES

BA

IR

Restoration along Otara Creek/Lake Setting up nurseries along the way, at the Marae and reserves Leisure path along the Creek

Establishing connection to 10 streets

KE

PU

KI

IRI

KIW

DS

RD

Creating an integrated amenity network Setting a template for streets connecting to the walkway network Connecting the residential areas to the main creek walkway through street

Connection to industry Extending the pathway to connect out to Highbrook and the Industrial Zone of East Tamaki Establishing connection to 20 streets

Establishing connection to 33 streets

PL

D GS R

ANTRIM CRES

E

JOHN

10 minutes walk 15 minutes walk

ES RD KSON

RD

R CR

walk start point

CRES

HILLS

LOVEGROVE CRES

HAMILL R

D

ALEX

S RD

RD

STON

CLAR

ANDE

A RD OTAR BAIRD

KI

A AM TT

AS

ES

FRANKL YNE RD

key

SPRIN

NGATI OTARA PARK

AV E

RT

ON

PL

HIGHBROOK PARK

KI AMA ST T

SIR BARRY CURTIS PARK

RD

EA

IR

DS

RD

TE IR

BA

IRAN

GI DR

IVE

EAST TAMAKI RD

69

A CONNECTION

70

Walkway and cycleway bidge connection from Ngati Otara Park (left) to Highbrook Park (right) to encourage alternative modes of transport

C RECREATION

B PLACE MAKING

The Otara Scenic Walkway long Ngati Otara Park

Get full cycle man Blur out the other side, let the nal layout decide that

71 Bridge view from Ngati Otara Park

RE-ENGAGE

THE ŌTARA COMMUNITY PROJECT A Local Project with Regional Benefits The two main goals we aim to achieve through our project is the restoration of the degraded stream ecology in the Ōtara catchment and providing employment to the youth. Making up to 58% of the total population, we recognized the youth as Ōtara’s biggest asset. Ōtara lake sits at the bottom of a massive catchment with over 72 kilometers of waterways discharging straight into the lake, bringing with it all the contaminants and sediments from farms to residential and industrial zones. Looking at Ōtara creek, from Sir Barry Curtis Park to Highbrook Park as a test model, we aim to set a template for the entire catchment to help reduce and over the years resolve the problem of the high level of water pollution. By mobilizing young people in the stream restoration project; The Re-engage Project, transfers power to the community to kick-start a movement that will improve the environment, clean up the lake and provide the youth with necessary skills to become stewards of their community.

Kevin Zhu 72

Zara Jawadi

Natasha Iyer

Oraphanh Chanthaphonh

NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

73

OTARA LAKE: RESERVE AND BREATH

PART 1

SITUATION & STRATEGY

Current situation light industrial Commercial office Power station Industrial area Primary school Refuse landfill residential residential residential residential residential

Stage1

Education & Preparation

74

1.Improve the education of children about the water pollution. objec 2.The short-term objective of the project is to provide the local residents with the job opportunities.

3.Tree planting.

Stage2

Woods & Transplantation

1.The growth of plants need a long period of time. im 2.Transplant trees to important nodes or contaminated area.

3.Provide employment opportunities.

Stage3

Regional radiation & Expansion 1.Construction of landscape node.

2.Landscape nodes for the surrounding area and local people inprove the quality of life.

3.Landscape nodes’expansion radiation.

Stage4

Connection & Radiation

1.With the expantion of the landscape inprove the connection of the poor and rich Strengthen the relationship between the poor areas and rich areas through the landscape approach.

Function Water platform Man-made landscape area Wetland landscape area Sports and resting area Bicycle trails area Bicycle trails exports Bicycle trails area Highbrook park Ngati Otara park Mayfield park Otara Creek Reserve Power station Restidential area Industrial wetland area Weateyard wetland

Stage5

City radiation & Connection 1.Oakland is a big city in the North Island of New

Zealand and a populous city.Useing the expansion of the city improve the connection between cities.

OTARA LAKE: RESERVE AND BREATH

PART 2

RESERVE & DESIGN

Humans

Humans-paths, roads, entries, walls, terraces, overlooks, platforms

Waters

Waters-runnels, pools, irrigation heads, filters

Wildlife

Wildlife-forest, meadow, wetland, corridors 75

Sky

Land

Water

76

77

Introduction Otara lake restoration landscape design is in the North Island of New Zealand South Oakland Otara lake. Otara lake was formed in 1968 and a perennial water storage dams results, Otara Lake is about 50 hectares (ha) in area and receives runoff from a catchment area of approximately 3,500 ha. The construction of the weir and the subsequent changes in the flushing characteristics of the lake has resulted in a number of significant changes in the lake environment. The impoundment resulted in sedimentation within the lake, and the changes in the tidal regime resulted in expansion of mangrove distribution with Otara Lake.

Copper, lead and zinc pollutants from light industry to directly or indirectly lead to a decline in water quality of discharged water, land fill leachate increased River pollution.The gap between rich and poor of local residents have led to estrangement, rich region upstream to downstream water dumping causing water of the poor areas getting worse.

Our design philosophy is to control pollution, improve water quality to improve Otara lake environment, so as to provide comfort and convenience at the same time to teach the local people to the lake with the local people, preliminary planning in 50 years to let people get rid of the habit of littering, having planting and love Forest Education for adolescent, narrowing the wealth rub board psychological barriers, fundamentally eradicate local environmental problems Otara.This design use the bike trails series "gem chain" to connect the various landscape, places offer training place for people and to enjoy the beautiful scenery.

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7

AXIS TO THE PACIFIC

79

ethnic groups in the manukau region including otara compared to greater auckland and new zealand as a whole

the otara demographic : The young ones!

The 2006 and 2013 census figures confirm Ōtara’s position since the 70’s as NZ’s most ethnically diverse, and youngest suburb, with over half the residents under 25 years. It is a culturally diverse area which demands solutions which take into account the cultural narrative of the area. While it is an easy target for media and others who wish to portray it as the Harlem of the south, even a handful of field trips have exposed us as a class to a strongly committed community. Recent initiatives have had marked success, including Garden to Table and the Ōtara Health Charitable Trust, while others such as the Glenn Family Foundation are also following. The demographic features combined with other possible future trends make this potentially an extremely influential area for Auckland in the years to come, while the high percentage of ownership of houses by Housing NZ means that larger scale interentions are possible with government assistance.

family typologies in otara compared to greater Auckland source:2006 census

phytoremediation as a solution for otara Phytoremediation is a technology that utilizes plants to remove and degrade contaminants found in soil, groundwater, surface water and atmosphere. Plants have the potential to be useful in wastewater and soil cleanup, due to their ability to evapo-transpirate groundwater, and produce enzymes that help in the degradation of contaminants found in soil and water. Due to the high toxicity of leachate, phytoremediating plants would have to be used as a subsequent process in the treatment of toxins (Granley & Truong.2012) Plants can also be used as a natural rhizomatic cap for a land fill. Through dense production of rhizomatic and capillary roots, hybrid poplar trees have the ability to provide a dense matting that prevents water from penetrating into the core of the land – fill. Natural caps have the potential to replace synthetic caps, by creating a “sponge and pump” system water is discouraged from penetrating the caps. ( Poplar technology)

above: ethnicity in papatoetoe/otara ward as in 2013 census

These systems used in a combination of rain-garden/ swales and wetland interventions has the potential to provide a natural environment for cleansing of leachate but also provides habitat for local wildlife, improved aesthetics of the site, and reduced operational and maintenance costs. By creating a closed loop system that collects the leachate aswell as road runoff that is then applied to the capped landfill, any potential of leachates being deposited in the Otara Lake are prevented.

Dewatering • Mechanical • Geobag • Air Drying

the catchment

80

The total area of the Ōtara Creek catchment is 3,487 Ha. According to the Manuakau City District Scheme this is broken into 1363 Ha of Residential (including schools and reserves), 324 ha Industrial, 22 ha Commercial, with 750 Ha remaining for future development. Ōtara Lake is approimately 50ha in size, formed by the addition to the creek of the weir in 1968 (as above). The top of the weir is approximately at sea level; it is over topped around half tide each tidal cycle, allowing water to flow in and out of the lake. With the lake unable to fully flush out both sediment and additional leachates have severly affected the quality of the lake, leading to a loss in lifestyle for the residents -fishing and playing in the water are now a distant memory. Several subcatchments can effect the quality of the lake, predominately Flatbush, but including: Mayfield, Lorien, Glibert, Rongamai, Hillary, Power Station (Hellbays), Spring (Leonard), Kerwin, Lovegrove, Ngati, Ōtara Stream, so any remedial measures potentially have to take into account a large area.

Wetland Construction • Land Based • Floating Mats Phytoremediation Dredging • Cutter Suction • Barge Mounted Excavator

are some of the possible treatments

wahi tapu sites and view shafts from otara

Apart from the link to Motutapu there are other significant wāhi tapu that should be referenced

N

connection: 500m to 1500 from town centre

existing open space network

Ōtara already has quite a good area of open space, the issue however may be quality/useability (map inspired by the GIS work of Shayne Noronha)

otahuhu B/ contact energy In 1968 the then NZED opened the Ōtāhuhu A Power Station. While this has been decommissioned the Ōtāhuhu B is still in operation today. Ōtara Lake is a result of the weir used by this power station (or Contact Energy) to control their intage of water, used in the process.

Contact cool the water, then once it has reached a certain temperature return it to the lake below the weir. The presence of the weir has led to silt build-up, mangrove growth and other side effects the community feel are undesirable. Contact Energy were signatories of the 1994 Accord, but as yet nothing has happened.

Ōtara is a compact suburb, with less than 1500m from town to lake encompassing retail, education and housing. Hence it has the potential to be an extremely liveable, connected suburb (map inspired by the GIS of Shayne Noronha)

81

motutapu to otara axis to the pacific

connection

82

to mo tutapu otara

1

b 2 c

b

A A

masterplan

N

1

2

3

.axis

.cultural hub

intensification

phases

numbers and letter refer to perspectives and cross sections on following pages

83

3 x-sections Cross-section: New Pool at ĹŒtara Lake

84

Cross Section: Floating plant mats provide Phytoremediation, Art Installation & reference axis on ĹŒtara Lake

connection within otara: connection to the south pacific

1

2

new perspectives

85

This study concentrated on the connection of Otara in South Auckland to Motutapu Island in the Waitemata Harbour and to the Pacific Islands: physically, culturally and historically. The idea of a new axis and Tamaki connection enabled us to create a strong sense of identity and a new focus for the community.

This new axis along Otara Road formed a strong link to Motutapu Island, long held wahi tapu site of the Ngai Tai Iwi. It reconnects the existing city centre to the Otara Lake. The new road intensifies the residential and commercial zones, reinforces cultural diversity and retains education and employment in the area. Ecological improvements will be made through a series of interventions employing phytoremediation to the restore the health of the waterways.

Re-appropriation Otahuhu Power Station A will serve as a new culture and arts centre that will raise the profile of Otara and bring valuable investment and interest to the area. By connecting Otara township and the lake to the Pacific, Otara will become the new ecological and cultural centre of South Auckland. This design will inspire the community and create a strong sense of identity and reinforce Otara’s cultural connections.

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NORTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

87

88

89

90

91