TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Site Study 1.2.1 Introduction 1.2.2 Site Selection Reasons 1.2.3 Measured Drawings 1.3 Methodology 1.3.1 Identification of Existing Conditions 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Acoustics 2.1.1 Sound 2.1.2 Amplitude, Wavelength & Frequency 2.1.3 Common Sound in Decibels 2.1.4 Acoustics in Architecture 2.1.5 Acoustics Standard ANSI (2008) S12.2-2008 3.0 PRECEDENT STUDY 3.1 Introduction to Building 3.2 Statistical Analysis Method/Questionnaire 3.3 Formula for Acoustic Analysis Calculation 4.0 CASE STUDY 4.1 Site Study and Zoning 4.2 External Noise Source 4.3 Interior Noise Sources 4.3.1 SPACE 1: Gymnasium 4.3.1.1 Existing Equipment 4.3.1.2 Cooling System
4.3.1.3 Human noise 4.3.2 SPACE 2: Physiology Room 4.3.2.1 Existing Equipment 4.3.2.2 Cooling System 4.3.2.3 Human noise 4.4 Tabulation & Interpretation of Data 4.5 Acoustic Fixtures and Specifications 4.6 Gymasium calculation 4.6.1 Calculation of sound intensity of indoor noise source 4.6.2 The calculation of sound level 4.6.3 Analysis & Evaluation 4.6.4 Sound reduction index calculation 4.6.5 Reverberation Time Calculation 4.7 Acoustic Analysis 4.8 PHYSIOTHERAPY CALCULATION 4.8.1 Calculation of sound intensity of indoor noise source 4.8.2 The calculation of sound level 4.8.3 Analysis & Evaluation 4.8.4 Sound reduction index calculation 4.8.5 Reverberation Time Calculation 4.9 Acoustic Analysis for Physiotherapy 5.0 References
ABSTRACT This report consists of the study of how acoustics affects the environment and we chose to conduct at SOSCO Rehabilitation Centre, Melacca as our case study. In order to carry out the performance evaluation, we’ve requested the proper floor plans from the facilities management that govern the site buildings, and also produced elevations and sections for the ease of data collection. Collection of acoustics data is carried out at the functioning hour of the building to quantify and qualify the existing condition of the site. All the data and drawings collected were then further used to carry out an analysis to study the performance of the building. A list of figures are used as well and a list of references is provided at the end of the report for the ease of navigation. Additionally, photographs were also taken on site to further identify acoustics sources of the chosen area.
1.0 INTRODUCTION Acoustics study on buildings and spaces within is crucial as considerations of maintaining and having good quality noise control. Some key spaces that requires critical acoustics control are galleries, concert halls, restaurants and many other spaces. In short, this project is design to expose and introduce us acoustics requirement in a suggested space. In a group of 7, we have chosen SOSCO Rehabilitation Centre, Melacca, as our site study. We have conducted several site visits to ensure the success of the project outcome. Measurement and calculations of acoustic readings and site measurement are done during the visits and after the visit respectively. Lastly, we concluded the analysis based on the results of our findings and observations.
1.1 Objectives and Aim 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
To observe and understand acoustics and its characteristics. To understand acoustic requirement in a suggested place. To determine the different types of acoustics throughout this project. To determine the characteristics and function of sound within the intended space. To critically report and analyze the space and suggest remedies to improve acoustic qualities within the space.
The primary objective of this project is to impart the understanding of acoustics and characteristic and requirement in a suggested space, thereby determine their functions and various factors affecting it. With the data collected and the relevant knowledge, an analysis is to perform to evaluate the suggested space with a critical mindset. Besides that, understanding the acoustics elements and existing arrangement helps in determining the acoustics characteristics that is reflected in the data collection by using certain methods or calculations. Backed up with precedent studies, drawing comparison with the site study, our precedent studies will aid in achieving all the objectives above.
1.2 Site Study
Case Study:
SOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Melacca.
Identification of space:
Gymnasium rehabilitation space and physiotherapy room.
Address:
Pusat Rehabilitasi Perkeso Lot PT 7263 [H.S (D) 18923] Bandar Hijau, Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, 75450, Malaysia.
1.2.1 Introduction
SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is located at Bandar Hijau, Hang Tuah Jaya, Melacca. It is a rehabilitation centre that consists of an administration block and 5 extended wings. Namely, the Gymnasium, Vocational, Physiotherapy, Hydrotherapy and the Speech and Audio therapy. Under SOCSO’s "Return to Work" program, disabled patients undergo physical and vocational rehabilitation in order to rejoin the workforce. The architect, Anuar Aziz Architect, called this process the "Journey to Healing," where the patients will heal physically and mentally, and lead a normal working life after the rehabilitation process. The allied health institute will provide the skilled personnel. This green certified complex was designed with ‘nature’ and ‘spirituality’ integral to the healing process. A universal access-for-all concept and Malaysian Standard for disabled access is applied throughout. The concept of the building is each building is given a different identity according to functions and ease of way finding. Calming and soft colors are utilized throughout the complex.
1.2.2 Site Selection Reasons
Based on
observation, the building provides sufficient functional spaces to conduct out an analysis on acoustics conditions. The gymnasium space and the physiological therapy space with specific function would help us develop an understanding on how noise is controlled to achieve comfort for users based on different programs and functions.
In terms of acoustics properties, the gymnasium space and the physiological therapy space can be categorized into semi enclosed space, though the gymnasium has a higher ceiling space compared to the other. Numerous noise producing elements are spotted within the spaces ranging from electronic equipments, to human activities. 1.2.3 Measured Drawings
Figure 1 Floor Plan of Physiotherapy Room
Figure 2 Floor plan of Gymnasium Room
2.0 Precedent study 2.1. INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING Bahcesehir University (BAU) Office, Besiktas Campus
Figure 3.1a: Bahcesehir University Besiktas Campus Located in Istanbul, Turkey, the Bahcesehir University is a well-known private educational institution with its main campus located at the edge of the Bosporus in Besiktas. The university consists of eight faculties: a school of language, two vocational schools and four institutes that provide post graduate education, with an average of 17,000 registered students studying at the university. The space that we chose to study is the Faculty of Architecture & Design of Bahcesehir University. Position on the side of the shore, the buildings are formed in the shape of long, narrow rectangular prisms sited very close and are interconnected to one another. These buildings face the garden on the shore and sea with one of their narrow sides, and a high traffic artery of the city with the other.
The office occupies half of the 1st floor of Block B and faces sea on the East, and other two neighboring buildings (buildings A and C) on the north and south. There are two different types of office spaces in the faculty. Open-offices with semi-enclosed partitions in the central area and are used by the teaching/research assistants; the closed offices surrounding the central area from three sides, shared by two or three academic staff. Closed offices, with regard to their orientation as A and B, create 2 subgroups within closed office type.
2.1.2.1 ACOUSTIC COMFORT/NOISE CONTROL Measurements regarding the environmental noise in the space were taken in the morning (10.00-10.11), noon (13.00-13.12) and afternoon (16.26-16.36) times of a working day, with the windows tightly shut. These periods were decided in reference to the standard working hours of the users. Sound level meter and sound pressure equipment were set in the middle of the office and central area 150cm above the ground level and then used for comparison with the standards IEC 60651 and IEC 60804.
Placement of equipment for acoustic analysis
2.3.1.2 ACOUSTIC COMFORT
Acoustics data of Office A close to neighboring building
Acoustics data of Office A campus side
Acoustics data of Office B
Acoustics data of Office C
2.4 Conclusion Through the data taken in the precedent study of the Bahcesehir University Besiktas Campus, the result was shown that the environmental noise appeared to influence the perception of environmental quality. Mentioned by the occupants, they show dissatisfaction of acoustic privacy and noise control due to the fact that they are not that well maintained as it is affect by environmental elements. The findings shown a slightly higher environmental sound intensity compared to optimum human condition, the poor choice of materials for sound buffering is one of the key faults of providing bad acoustic control
3.0 Research Methodology 3.1 Acoustic Analysis Sound and Acoustic analysis plays a role in the acoustic design performance, sound and noise level of the noise. The analysis might involve in design fine tuning in order to achieve the standards from ANSI, IEC and ISO. A simple and fairly effective method of diagnostics can be performed with acoustical equipment. Description of Equipment (a) Acoustic Measuring Equipment (Digital Sound Level Meter)
Figure 3.2.1.1: Sound Level Meter GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Measurement Resolution Measured Quantities Linearity
Power Supply
Dimension
30 – 130 dB 0.1 dB Characteristics of “A” frequency weighting network meet IEC 61672 class 2. Under 94 dB input signal, the accuracy are: 31.5 Hz ± 3.5 dB 63 Hz ± 2.5 dB 125 Hz ± 2.0 dB 250 Hz ± 1.9 dB 500 Hz ± 1.9 dB 1 K Hz ± 1.4 dB 2 K Hz ± 2.6 dB 4 K Hz ± 3.6 dB 8 K Hz ± 5.6 dB Alkaline or heavy duty DC 1.5V battery (UM3, AA) x 6 PCs. Or equivalent. DC 9V adapter input. (AC/ DC power adapter is optional). 245mm x 68mm x 45mm
Weight
489g Table 3.2.1.2: General Specification of Sound Level Meter
(b) Smartphone [OnePlus One]
An additional recording device is used as a result comparison with the digital sound level meter. A median result is then obtained and will be averaged in the recordings table. (c) Measuring Tape
The tape is used to measure a constant height of the position of the sound meter and the grids established for the area, which is at 1m and 1.5m respectively. The height is taken on one person as reference to obtain an accurate reading. (d) Camera [a7ii Sony]
The camera is used to record pictures on the source of sound in the cafe and its surrounding.
3.2 Data Collection Method The sound level meter is placed at the same height of 1m for each point in order to obtain an accurate reading. This is done to ensure the consistency of the measurements taken. The readings were recorded on a plotted plan with 1.5m x 1.5m gridlines. Noises produced by us students are kept to the minimum to obtain the best sound reading result.
Procedure 1. Push the Power Switch to switch on the device. 2. Record the dB value by holding the Noise Indicator at 1m height, approximately at waist height (ear level while sitting). 3. Record the data displayed on the device. 4. Repeat 2 and 3 until all data are completed.
Figure 3.2.2.1: Position of Noise Indicator at 1 meter
3.3 Formula for Acoustic Analysis Calculation Calculation for Reverberation Time: Reverberation time (RT) is a measure of the amount of reverberation in a space and equal to the time required for the level of a steady sound to decay by 60dB after the sound has stopped. The decay rate depends on the amount of sound absorption in a room, the room geometry, and the frequency of the sound. Reverberation Time Formula: RT = (0.16 x V) divide by A Where, V = Volume of space A = Total absorption (Material Covering Area x Absorption Coefficient) 4.0 CASE STUDY 4.1 Site Study and Zoning
4.2
Annotated plan to indicate noise sources
External Noise Source Located in a fairly remote part of Bemban, Malacca, the SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is located between Jalan Kolej Yayasan Saad and Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan. Since Kolej Yayasan Saad is located before SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre, vehicle circulation in front of our site is quite minimal as the other end only consists of a solar farm and an undeveloped road end. Contrastingly, the back of SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is the North-South highway where many high-speed vehicles pass by the site.
But through our observation, SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is surrounded by lush and thick greeneries, thus constant audible sound ranges just around 50 to 55 dB, an optimum sound range for the disables to concentrate on their trainings without any unnecessary disturbances.
4.3