Chapter 04: Muscular System

Fehrenbach: Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 5th Edition

Multiple Choice

1. The ______ of a muscle is generally attached to the LEAST movable structure.

a. insertion b. origin c. middle d. beginning

ANS: B

Feedback

A The insertion of a muscle is generally attached to the more movable structure.

B The origin of a muscle is generally attached to the least movable structure.

C The insertion is the end of a muscle attached to the more movable structure.

D The insertion is the end of a muscle attached to the more movable structure.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 92 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Levator anguli oris muscle b. Depressor labii inferioris muscle c. Depressor anguli oris muscle d. Orbicularis oris muscle

2. Which of the following muscles originates on the inferior border of the mandible and inserts at each of the labial commissures?

ANS: C

Feedback

A The levator anguli oris muscle originates on the canine fossa of the maxilla and inserts into each labial commissure, elevating the labial commissure.

B The depressor labii inferioris muscle inserts into the skin of the lower lip.

C The depressor anguli oris muscle originates on the inferior border of the mandible. It inserts into each labial commissure and pulls each labial commissure down.

D The orbicularis oris muscle encircles the mouth.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 101 OBJ: 2 | 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Digastric muscle b. Mylohyoid muscle c. Stylohyoid muscle d. Sternothyroid muscle

3. Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a suprahyoid muscle?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The digastric muscle has two bellies; one that is an anterior and one that is a posterior suprahyoid muscle. The anterior belly originates on a tendon on the body of the hyoid bone and inserts onto the mandibular symphysis on the medial surface of the mandible. The posterior belly originates on the mastoid notch and inserts into the intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone.

B The mylohyoid muscle is a suprahyoid muscle that forms the floor of the mouth. It originates on the mylohyoid line of the mandible and inserts medially into the opposite mylohyoid muscle and onto the hyoid bone.

C The stylohyoid muscle is a suprahyoid muscle that originates on the styloid process and inserts onto the hyoid bone.

D The sternothyroid muscle is located inferior to the hyoid bone. It originates on the sternum and inserts into the thyroid gland and cartilage.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 107 OBJ: 2 | 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Zygomaticus major muscle b. Buccinator muscle c. Platysma muscle d. Epicranius muscle

4. Which of the following muscles raises each labial commissure of the lips to contribute to a patient’s smile?

ANS: A

Feedback

A The zygomaticus major muscle elevates each labial commissure and pulls it laterally. It originates on the zygomatic bone and inserts into each labial commissure.

B The buccinator muscle forms the anterior part of the cheek and lateral wall of the oral cavity. It pulls each labial commissure laterally and compresses the cheek to force food onto the occlusal table during chewing.

C The platysma muscle is located inferior to the mouth and acts to pull each labial commissure down.

D The epicranius muscle is located within the scalp area and does NOT insert into either labial commissure.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 101 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Maxillary tuberosity b. Pterygomandibular raphe c. Glossopalatine arch d. Internal oblique ridge

5. Which of the following intraoral landmarks is one of the origins of the buccinator muscle?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The buccinator muscle does NOT originate on the maxillary tuberosity.

B The three origins for the buccinator muscle are the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible as well as the pterygomandibular raphe.

C The pterygomandibular raphe does NOT originate on the glossopalatine arch.

D The pterygomandibular raphe does NOT originate on the internal oblique ridge.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 99 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Palatoglossus muscle b. Inferior longitudinal muscle c. Styloglossus muscle d. Genioglossus muscle

6. Which of the following muscles is considered an extrinsic tongue muscle that retracts the tongue?

ANS: C

Feedback

A The palatoglossus muscle elevates the tongue against the soft palate during swallowing but is an extrinsic tongue muscle.

B The inferior longitudinal muscles are intrinsic tongue muscles.

C The styloglossus muscle moves the tongue superiorly and posteriorly and is an extrinsic tongue muscle.

D The genioglossus muscle acts to protrude the tongue but is an extrinsic tongue muscle.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 112 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy

7. All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during a. swallowing. b. gagging. c. sneezing. d. chewing.

ANS: A

Feedback

A All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

B All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

C All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

D All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 112 OBJ: 4

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Lateral pterygoid muscle b. Masseter muscle c. Medial pterygoid muscle d. Temporalis muscle

8. Which of the following muscles inserts onto the coronoid process?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The lateral pterygoid muscle inserts onto the pterygoid fovea of the neck of the condyle, and some fibers insert onto the capsule of the temporomandibular joint.

B The masseter muscle inserts onto the mandibular ramus and angle of the mandible.

C The medial pterygoid muscle inserts both heads onto the medial surface of the mandibular ramus and angle of the mandible.

D The temporalis muscle, which originates on the temporal fossa, inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible, working to elevate the mandible.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 104, Table 4-3 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Elevate the hyoid bone b. Depress the hyoid bone c. Retract the hyoid bone d. Depress the mandible

9. When a patient swallows, how are the suprahyoid muscles involved?

ANS: A

Feedback

A The suprahyoid muscles will elevate the hyoid bone and larynx if the mandible is stabilized when swallowing.

B The suprahyoid muscles do NOT depress the hyoid bone during swallowing.

C The suprahyoid muscles do NOT retract the hyoid bone during swallowing.

D The suprahyoid muscles do NOT depress the mandible during swallowing.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 107 OBJ: 4

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Intrinsic tongue muscle b. Extrinsic tongue muscle c. Suprahyoid muscle d. Infrahyoid muscle

10. Into which of the following categories of head and neck muscles is the omohyoid muscle placed?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The omohyoid muscle is NOT located within the tongue, so it is NOT an intrinsic tongue muscle.

B The omohyoid muscle does NOT insert into the tongue, so it is NOT an extrinsic tongue muscle.

C The omohyoid muscle is located inferior to the hyoid bone and thus is NOT a suprahyoid muscle.

D The omohyoid muscle is located inferior to the hyoid bone, so it is an infrahyoid muscle. It originates on the scapula; travels deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where it attaches to a short tendon; and inserts on the hyoid bone.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 108 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Depressor labii inferioris muscle b. Mentalis muscle c. Depressor anguli oris muscle d. Orbicularis oris muscle

11. Which of the following muscles originates on the inferior border of the mandible and inserts into the skin tissue of the chin?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The depressor labii inferioris muscle originates on the inferior border of the mandible but inserts into the lower lip.

B The mentalis muscle originates on the inferior border of the mandible and inserts into the skin of the chin, wrinkling the chin and protruding the lower lip when activated.

C The depressor anguli oris muscle originates on the inferior border of the mandible but inserts into each labial commissure.

D The orbicularis oris muscle encircles the mouth.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 101 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Hyoglossus muscle b. Styloglossus muscle c. Genioglossus muscle d. Superior longitudinal muscles

12. Which of the following muscles works to protrude the tongue on a patient?

ANS: C

Feedback

A The hyoglossus muscle depresses the tongue.

B The styloglossus muscle retracts the tongue.

C The genioglossus muscle originates on the genial tubercles and inserts into the tongue. Its action is to pull the insertion area toward the origin, which will result in pulling the tongue anterior and protruding it.

D Superior longitudinal muscles work with the inferior longitudinal muscles to shape the tongue by shortening and thickening it. These muscles will also curl the tongue in various ways when activated individually.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 112 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. fifth b. seventh c. ninth d. twelfth

13. Extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the _____ cranial nerve.

ANS: D

Feedback

A The fifth cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve and does NOT innervate the extrinsic tongue muscles.

B The seventh cranial nerve is the facial nerve and does NOT innervate the extrinsic tongue muscles.

C The ninth cranial nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve and does NOT innervate the extrinsic tongue muscles.

D The twelfth cranial nerve is the hypoglossal nerve and innervates the extrinsic tongue muscles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 112 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Levator veli palatini muscle b. Palatoglossus muscle c. Palatopharyngeal muscle d. Muscle of the uvula

14. Which of the following muscles BOTH elevates the tongue and depresses the soft palate during swallowing?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The levator veli palatini muscle raises the soft palate and does NOT elevate the tongue.

B The palatoglossus muscle’s action is to elevate the base of the tongue as the soft palate is depressed toward the tongue. This action helps separate the soft palate and pharynx during swallowing to prevent movement of the food bolus into the nasal cavity.

C The palatopharyngeal muscle moves the soft palate posteroinferiorly and the posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly and does NOT elevate the tongue.

D The muscle of the uvula muscle shortens and broadens the uvula, helping to close off the nasopharynx during swallowing. It does NOT elevate the tongue.

DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 114-115 OBJ: 4

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Buccinator muscle b. Masseter muscle c. Temporalis muscle d. Zygomatic muscle

15. Which of the following muscles can show enlargement due to repetitive muscle contraction associated with clenching of the teeth in a patient?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The buccinator muscle is NOT actively involved in closing the mouth while grinding (bruxing) or clenching the teeth.

B The masseter muscle, a strong muscle of mastication involved in elevating the mandible and closing the mouth, can become enlarged in people who habitually clench or grind their teeth (bruxism).

C The temporalis muscle, while involved in elevating and retracting the mandible when closing the mouth, does NOT become enlarged as a result of clenching the teeth.

D The zygomatic muscle is a muscle of facial expression associated with lifting each labial commissure when smiling.

DIF: Application REF: p. 104 OBJ: 4

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Omohyoid muscle b. Platysma muscle c. Sternocleidomastoid muscle d. Trapezius muscle

16. Which of the following muscles divides the neck region into anterior and posterior cervical triangles?

ANS: C

Feedback

A The omohyoid muscle, which is located more inferiorly, serves to further divide the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck into smaller triangles.

B The platysma muscle is located anteriorly in the neck within the anterior cervical triangle and does NOT divide the neck into anterior and posterior triangles.

C The sternocleidomastoid muscle, which originates on the medial part of the clavicle and the sternum and inserts into the mastoid process, is prominently positioned on the side of the neck to divide the neck region into anterior and posterior cervical triangles.

D The trapezius muscle is a flat, triangular-shaped muscle that is located on the lateral and posterior surfaces of the neck and does NOT divide the neck region into anterior and posterior triangles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 93 OBJ: 2 | 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Levator anguli oris muscle b. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle c. Risorius muscle d. Zygomaticus major muscle

17. Which of the following muscles listed below does NOT serve to elevate the upper lip?

ANS: C

Feedback

A Levator anguli oris muscle does elevate each labial commissure, helping to lift the lip as in a smile.

B The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle does work to elevate the upper lip.

C The risorius muscle does NOT elevate the upper lip. Instead it works to retract the corners of the lip as in a grimace and has some fibers that connect with the platysma muscle.

D The zygomaticus major muscle does work to elevate each labial commissure, helping to lift the lip as in a smile.

DIF: Recall REF: pp. 99-101 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Masseter muscle b. Lateral pterygoid muscle c. Medial pterygoid muscle d. Temporalis muscle

18. Which of the following muscles when unilaterally contracted deviates the mandible to one side?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The masseter muscle works only to elevate the mandible.

B An action of both of the lateral pterygoid muscles is to protrude the mandible. If only one lateral pterygoid muscle contracts, the lower jaw shifts toward the opposite side, causing lateral deviation of the mandible.

C The medial pterygoid muscle only works to elevate the mandible.

D The temporalis muscle only works to elevate and retract the mandible.

DIF: Recall REF: pp. 106-107 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Orbicularis oris muscle b. Levator labii superioris muscle c. Levator anguli oris muscle d. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

19. Which of the following muscles when contracted dilates the nostrils?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The orbicularis oris muscle encircles the mouth.

B The levator labii superioris muscle inserts into the skin of the upper lip, NOT into the ala of the nose.

C The levator anguli oris muscle inserts into the labial commissure and does NOT insert into the ala of the nose.

D Some fibers of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle insert into the skin tissue of the ala of the nose and thus can dilate the nose when the muscle contracts.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 97, Table 4-2 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris muscles b. Depressor labii inferioris and orbicularis oris muscles c. Depressor labii inferioris and mentalis muscles d. Depressor labii inferioris and risorius muscles

20. Which of the following muscles will serve to depress the lower lip?

ANS: A

Feedback

A Both the depressor labii inferioris and the depressor anguli oris muscle serve to depress a part of the lower lip.

B The orbicularis oris muscle does NOT serve to depress the lower lip.

C The mentalis muscle does NOT serve to depress the lower lip.

D The risorius muscle does NOT serve to depress the lower lip.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 101 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Corrugator supercilii muscle b. Epicranius muscle c. Orbicularis oculi muscle d. Zygomaticus major muscle

21. Which of the following muscles when contracted causes a surprised facial expression on a patient?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The corrugator supercilii muscle pulls the skin tissue of the eyebrow medially and inferiorly, as when one frowns.

B The epicranius muscle inserts into the skin tissue of the eyebrow and root of the nose and raises the eyebrows, as when surprised.

C The orbicularis oculi muscle encircles the eye and closes the eye.

D The zygomaticus major muscle lifts each labial commissure and contributes to a smile.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 98 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy a. Zygomatic process of the maxilla b. Coronoid process c. Zygomatic process of the frontal bone d. Zygomatic arch

22. On what structure do BOTH heads of the masseter muscle originate?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The masseter muscle does NOT originate on the maxilla alone.

B The masseter muscle does NOT originate on the coronoid process of the mandible.

C The masseter muscle does NOT originate on the frontal bone.

D Both heads of the master muscle originate on the zygomatic arch.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 104 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Masseter muscle b. Temporalis muscle c. Lateral pterygoid muscle d. Medial pterygoid muscle

23. Which of the following muscles when contracted allows for the retraction of the mandible?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The master muscle elevates the mandible.

B The temporalis muscle works to elevate the mandible and, if only the posterior part contracts, the muscle then retracts or moves the mandible backward. Retraction of the jaw often accompanies the closing of the jaw.

C The lateral pterygoid muscle protrudes and depresses the mandible.

D The medial pterygoid muscle elevates the mandible.

DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 104-105 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Frontal and occipital bellies b. Superior and inferior bellies c. Anterior and posterior bellies d. Superior and inferior heads e. Superficial and deep heads

24. What are the two parts of the epicranial muscle named?

ANS: A

Feedback

A The frontal belly arises from epicranial aponeurosis. The epicranial aponeurosis is superficial to where the parietal and occipital bones meet, the most superior part of the skull. The frontal belly or frontalis muscle then inserts into the skin of the eyebrow and root of the nose. The occipital belly or occipitalis muscle originates from the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone and mastoid process of the temporal bone and then inserts in the epicranial aponeurosis.

B The superior belly of the omohyoid muscle originates from the short tendon attached to the inferior belly and then inserts on the lateral border of the body of the hyoid bone. The inferior belly originates from the scapula. The inferior belly then passes anteriorly and superiorly, crossing the internal jugular vein deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where it then attaches by a short tendon to the superior belly.

C The anterior belly of digastric muscle originates from the intermediate tendon, which is loosely attached to the body and greater cornu of the hyoid bone and then passes superiorly and anteriorly to insert close to the symphysis on the medial surface of the mandible. The posterior belly arises from the mastoid notch, medial to the mastoid process of the temporal bone, and then passes anteriorly and inferiorly to insert on the intermediate tendon.

D The superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle originates from the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and passes inferiorly to insert on the anterior surface of the neck of the mandible at the pterygoid fovea. The inferior head originates from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and inserts on the anterior margin of the temporomandibular joint disc and capsule.

E The superficial head of the masseter originates from the zygomatic process of the maxilla and from the anterior two thirds of the inferior border of the zygomatic arch. The deep head originates from the posterior one third and the entire medial surface of the zygomatic arch. Both of these heads then pass inferiorly to insert on different parts of the external surface of the mandible: the superficial head on the lateral surface of the angle and the deep head on the mandibular ramus superior to the angle of the mandible.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 98 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles b. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles c. Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles d. Buccinator and epicranial muscles

25. Which of the following are considered cervical muscles?

ANS: C

Feedback

A Both the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles are muscles of mastication and are NOT considered cervical muscles.

B Both the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are muscles of mastication and are NOT considered cervical muscles.

C Both the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles are cervical muscles and are thus both located in the neck.

D Both the buccinator and epicranial muscles are muscles of facial expression and are NOT considered cervical muscles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 93 OBJ: 2 | 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy

Multiple Response

1. From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of facial expression. (Select all that apply.)

a. Buccinator b. Risorius c. Platysma d. Temporalis e. Masseter

ANS: A, B, C

Feedback

Correct Buccinator, risorius, and platysma muscles are muscles of facial expression.

Incorrect Both the temporalis and masseter muscles are muscles of mastication and are NOT muscles of facial expression.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 96, Table 4-1

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Buccinator b. Risorius c. Platysma d. Temporalis e. Masseter

2. From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of mastication. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: D, E

Feedback

Correct Both the temporalis and masseter muscles are muscles of mastication.

Incorrect Buccinator, risorius, and platysma muscles are muscles of facial expression and NOT mastication.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 104, Table 4-3

OBJ: 4

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Digastric b. Mylohyoid c. Stylohyoid d. Sternothyroid e. Omohyoid

3. From the following list of muscles, select which muscles are considered suprahyoid muscles. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, B, C

Feedback

Correct Digastric, mylohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles are considered suprahyoid muscles.

Incorrect Sternothyroid and omohyoid muscles are considered infrahyoid muscles and are NOT considered suprahyoid muscles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 107, Box 4-1 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Digastric b. Mylohyoid c. Stylohyoid d. Sternothyroid e. Omohyoid

4. From the following list of muscles, select which are considered infrahyoid muscles. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: D, E

Feedback

Correct Both the sternothyroid and omohyoid muscles are considered infrahyoid muscles.

Incorrect Digastric, mylohyoid, and stylohyoid are considered suprahyoid muscles and are NOT considered infrahyoid muscles.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 107, Box 4-1 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Palatoglossus b. Tensor veli palatini c. Palatopharyngeus d. Levator veli palatini

5. From the following list of muscles, select which muscles create the faucial pillars within the oral cavity. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, C

Feedback

Correct Palatoglossus creates the anterior faucial pillar; palatopharyngeus creates the posterior faucial pillar within the oral cavity.

Incorrect Tensor veli palatini stiffens the soft palate; levator veli palatini raises the soft palate. Both do NOT create the faucial pillars within the oral cavity.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 115, Table 4-7

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy a. Trigeminal neuralgia b. Cerebrovascular accident c. Parotid salivary gland cancer d. Peripheral neurectomy

6. Facial paralysis can be present with a patient, either temporary or permanent, when involving which of the following patient case histories? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: B, C

Feedback

Correct Facial paralysis involves damage to the facial nerve as presented in cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and parotid salivary gland cancer (malignant neoplasm) since the facial nerve travels within the gland. Incorrect Trigeminal neuralgia involves damage to the trigeminal nerve and NOT the facial nerve that could lead to paralysis; peripheral neurectomy is a possible treatment for trigeminal neuralgia and thus does NOT involve the facial nerve involved when damaged in facial paralysis.

DIF: Application REF: p. 97, Table 4-2

OBJ: 5

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, VI. A. 4. Describe how to respond to and assist in the management of the signs and symptoms related to specific medical conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the dental office | CDA: General Chairside, VI. B. 1. Recognize the signs and symptoms related to specific dental conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the office

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.1 Medical and Dental History | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.3 Individualized Patient Education a. If one of the muscles contracts, the head and neck bend to the contralateral side. b. Effective palpation of the muscle occurs when the patient moves the head to the contralateral side. c. If both muscles contract, the head will flex at the neck and extend at the junction between the neck and skull. d. If one of the muscles contracts, the face and anterior part of the neck rotate to the ipsilateral side.

7. During an extraoral examination of a patient, which of the following needs to be considered with the sternocleidomastoid muscle? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: B, C

Feedback

Correct If one of the muscles contracts, the head and neck bend to the ipsilateral side, and the face and anterior part of the neck rotate to the contralateral side. If both muscles contract, the head will flex at the neck and extend at the junction between the neck and skull. It is effectively palpated on each side of the neck when the patient moves the head to the contralateral side.

Incorrect If one of the muscles contracts, the head and neck do NOT bend to the contralateral side but to the ipsilateral side. If one of the muscles contracts, the face and anterior part of the neck do NOT rotate to the ipsilateral side but to the contralateral side.

DIF: Application REF: p. 93 OBJ: 4 | 5

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, I. B. Preliminary Physical Examination | CDA: General Chairside, II. C. Describe how to perform and/or assist with intraoral procedures | CDA: General Chairside, VI. A. 4. Describe how to respond to and assist in the management of the signs and symptoms related to specific medical conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the dental office | CDA: General Chairside, VI. B. 1. Recognize the signs and symptoms related to specific dental conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the office

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.3 Individualized Patient Education a. Patients always can be made to sit themselves in an ergonomically correct position in the dental chair. b. Patients may not be able to raise the chin as requested during treatment. c. Patients may possibly have related headaches in the anterior skull region. d. Additional supports and stabilizers such as pillows may make the patient more comfortable.

8. Which of the following are considerations when dealing with a history of cervical muscle pathology in a dental setting? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: B, D

Feedback

Correct Patients may not be able to raise the chin as requested during treatment. Additional supports and stabilizers such as pillows may make the patient more comfortable.

Incorrect Patients may possibly have related headaches in the posterior skull region and NOT in the anterior skull region. Patients may NOT be able to always sit themselves in an ergonomically correct position in the dental chair.

DIF: Application REF: p. 95 OBJ: 5

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, VI. A. 4. Describe how to respond to and assist in the management of the signs and symptoms related to specific medical conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the dental office | CDA: General Chairside, VI. B. 1. Recognize the signs and symptoms related to specific dental conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the office

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.1 Medical and Dental History | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.3 Individualized Patient Education a. Inability to form facial expressions on one side of the face may be present. b. Twitching, spasms, and weakness can be evident. c. Loss of voluntary muscle action is always permanent. d. Reduced drooling and the usual taste sensations are evident.

9. Which of the following are considerations when dealing with a history of facial paralysis in a dental setting? (Select all that apply.)

ANS: B, D

Feedback

Correct Inability to form facial expressions on one side of the face may be present. Twitching, spasms, and weakness can be evident.

Incorrect Loss of voluntary muscle action can be either temporary or permanent; it is NOT always permanent. Excessive drooling and altered taste sensations are evident, NOT reduced drooling and the usual taste sensations.

DIF: Application REF: p. 97, Table 4-2

OBJ: 5

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, VI. A. 4. Describe how to respond to and assist in the management of the signs and symptoms related to specific medical conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the dental office | CDA: General Chairside, VI. B. 1. Recognize the signs and symptoms related to specific dental conditions/emergencies likely to occur in the office

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.1 Medical and Dental History | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.3 Individualized Patient Education

Matching

From the following list of lip-related movements of the orbicularis oris muscle, match those movements with their CORRECT facial action.

a. With pursing lips b. With pouting and kissing c. With grimacing d. With closing lips

1. With pressing together

2. With tightening and thinning

3. Rolling inward between the teeth

4. With thrusting outward

1. ANS: D DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 99

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy

2. ANS: A DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 99

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1

Head and Neck Anatomy

3. ANS: C DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 99

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy

4. ANS: B DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 99

OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1.1 Head and Neck Anatomy