Chapter 06: Vascular System

Fehrenbach: Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 5th Edition

Multiple Choice

1. Which term is BEST used to describe a blood vessel that travels to the heart carrying blood?

a. Arteriole b. Artery c. Capillary d. Vein

ANS: D

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A An arteriole is a smaller artery that branches off an artery and connects with a capillary.

B An artery is a type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

C A capillary is a smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole blood supply directly to the tissue.

D A vein is a type of blood vessel that travels to the heart carrying blood.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 133 OBJ: 1

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. b. Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related. c. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT. d. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct. e. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

2. The dental professional MUST be able to locate the larger blood vessels of the head and neck BECAUSE these vessels may become compromised due to a disease process or during a dental procedure such as a local anesthetic injection.

ANS: A

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A The statement and the reason are correct and related. The dental professional must be familiar with the location of large blood vessels of the head and neck so as to NOT compromise the patient’s health during certain dental procedures.

B The statement and reason are correct, but they are also related. Having knowledge of blood vessels will avoid injury or disease transmission through the blood system during dental procedures.

C The reason is correct. Blood vessels may become compromised due to a disease process or during a dental procedure, such as a local anesthetic injection.

D The statement is correct. The dental professional must be able to locate the larger blood vessels of the head and neck.

E Both the statement and the reason are correct. The dental professional must be able to locate the larger blood vessels of the head and neck mainly because blood vessels may become compromised due to a disease process or during a dental procedure such as a local anesthetic injection.

DIF: Application REF: p. 134 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, II. C. Describe how to perform and/or assist with intraoral procedures | CDA: General Chairside, II. D. Patient Management | CDA: General Chairside, V. A. Oral Health Information

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.0 Assessing Patient Characteristics | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 4.0 Performing Periodontal Procedures a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.

3. Blood vessels are MORE numerous than lymphatic vessels. However, the venous blood vessels MAINLY parallel the lymphatic vessels.

ANS: D

Feedback

A The first statement is false. Blood vessels are less numerous than lymphatic vessels.

B The second statement is true. The venous part mainly parallels the lymphatic vessels.

C The first statement is false. Blood vessels are less numerous than lymphatic vessels. The second statement is true. The venous blood vessels mainly parallel the lymphatic vessels.

D The first statement is false. Blood vessels are less numerous than lymphatic vessels. The second statement is true. The venous blood vessels mainly parallel the lymphatic vessels.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 134 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Antibiotics do NOT work well to combat facial and dental infections. b. Communication by way of anastomoses and blood flow direction is involved in the spread of infection in the head and neck. c. Both facial and dental infections have been found to be difficult to detect and treat early. d. Blood supply is based on a one-to-one relationship of blood vessel to muscle.

4. Which of the following statements BEST explains why BOTH facial and dental infections can lead to serious complications for the patient?

ANS: B

Feedback

A Antibiotics are available to treat facial and dental infections effectively.

B Communication by way of anastomoses and blood flow direction is involved in the spread of infection in the head and neck. This is the reason that facial or dental infections can lead to serious complications.

C Both facial and lingual infections can be detected early by completing a comprehensive medical history, taking vital signs, and conducting extraoral and intraoral examination on patients.

D Blood supply is regional, unlike that for innervation supplied by the nerves to the muscles, which is a one-to-one relationship.

DIF: Application REF: p. 134 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, I. B. Preliminary Physical Examination |

CDA: General Chairside, II. C. Describe how to perform and/or assist with intraoral procedures |

CDA: General Chairside, V. A. Oral Health Information

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 4.0 Performing Periodontal Procedures a. Communication of blood vessels with another connecting channel b. Foreign material in the blood c. A large network of blood vessels d. Clot that forms on the inner blood vessel walls

5. What does the term anastomosis mean?

ANS: A

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A Anastomosis is communication of blood vessels with another connecting channel.

B A foreign material in the blood is an embolus.

C A large network of blood vessels is a plexus.

D A clot that forms on the inner blood vessel wall is a thrombus.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 133 OBJ: 1

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Aorta, brachiocephalic b. Common carotid, subclavian c. Posterior auricular, occipital d. Superficial temporal, facial

6. Which are the MAJOR arteries that supply the head and neck?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The aorta is a major artery that gives rise to the common carotid and subclavian arteries on the left side of the body and to the brachiocephalic artery on the right side. The brachiocephalic artery is an artery that branches directly off the aorta on the right side of the body and gives rise to the right common carotid and subclavian arteries.

B The common carotid and subclavian arteries are the major supply of arterial blood to the head and neck. The common carotid artery travels in the carotid sheath superiorly along the neck to branch into the internal and external carotid arteries. The subclavian arteries arise from the aorta on the left and the brachiocephalic artery on the right and give off branches to supply both intracranial and extracranial structures, as well as the arm.

C The posterior auricular artery is a posterior arterial branch from the external carotid artery that supplies the tissue around the ear. The occipital artery is also a posterior arterial branch from the external ear.

D The superficial temporal artery is a terminal arterial branch from the external carotid artery that arises in the parotid salivary gland and gives off the transverse facial and middle temporal arteries, as well as frontal and parietal branches. The facial artery is an anterior arterial branch from the external carotid artery with a complicated path as it gives off the ascending palatine, submental, inferior and superior labial, and angular arteries.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 134 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Common carotid artery b. External carotid artery c. Pterygoid artery d. Brachiocephalic artery

7. Which of the following arteries is a DIRECT branch off of the aorta?

ANS: D

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A The common carotid artery travels in the carotid sheath superiorly along the neck to branch into the internal and external carotid arteries.

B The external carotid artery arises from the common carotid artery and supplies the extracranial tissue of the head and neck, including the oral cavity.

C The pterygoid artery is a branch of arteries from the maxillary artery that supplies the pterygoid muscles.

D The brachiocephalic artery is an artery that branches directly off the aorta on the right side of the body and gives rise to the right common carotid and subclavian arteries.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 134 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.

8. The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The common carotid artery travels in a sheath deep to the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

ANS: C

Feedback

A The second statement is false. The common carotid artery travels in a sheath deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

B The first statement is true. The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage.

C The first statement is true. The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The second statement is false. The common carotid artery travels in a sheath deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

D The first statement is true. The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage. The second statement is false. The common carotid artery travels in a sheath deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 134 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Intracranial structures b. Upper extremity or arm c. Tissue inferior to the hyoid bone d. External scalp tissue

9. What is the MAJOR destination of the subclavian artery as it travels in the body?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The intracranial structures are supplied by the internal carotid artery.

B The subclavian artery also supplies the upper extremity or arm, so that is its major destination.

C The superior thyroid artery supplies tissue inferior to the hyoid bone.

D The occipital artery supplies the suprahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles, as well as the external scalp and meningeal tissue in the occipital region.

DIF: Recall REF: pp. 135-136 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Suprahyoid muscles b. Floor of the mouth c. Mylohyoid muscle d. Tongue

10. Which of the following structures listed is NOT supplied by the lingual artery?

ANS: C

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A The lingual artery supplies the suprahyoid muscles.

B The lingual artery supplies the floor of the mouth.

C The lingual artery does NOT supply the mylohyoid muscle. The sublingual artery supplies the mylohyoid muscle.

D Branches of the lingual artery supply the tongue.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 139 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Middle meningeal b. Facial c. Ascending pharyngeal d. Posterior auricular

11. Which of the following listed is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery?

ANS: A

Feedback

A The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery, which supplies the meninges of the brain and bones of the skull.

B The facial artery is part of the anterior branch of the external carotid artery.

C The ascending pharyngeal artery is a medial branch of the external carotid artery.

D The posterior auricular artery is a posterior branch of the external carotid artery.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 137, Figure 6-4 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Middle temporal artery b. Transverse facial artery c. Superficial temporal artery d. Maxillary artery

12. During the extraoral examination of a patient, an artery is visually noted under the skin of the patient in the temporal region. Which artery can be visualized in this manner during the examination?

ANS: C

Feedback

A The middle temporal artery is small and supplies the temporalis muscle along with parts of the scalp in the frontal and parietal regions.

B The transverse facial artery supplies the parotid salivary gland and nearby facial tissue.

C The superficial temporalis artery branches off into several directions in the area of the temporalis bone.

D The maxillary artery begins at the neck of the mandibular condyle within the parotid salivary gland.

DIF: Application REF: p. 140 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, I. B. Preliminary Physical Examination |

CDA: General Chairside, II. C. Describe how to perform and/or assist with intraoral procedures |

CDA: General Chairside, II. D. Patient Management

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.0 Assessing Patient Characteristics | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 4.0 Performing Periodontal Procedures a. Infraorbital artery b. Inferior alveolar artery c. Sphenopalatine artery d. Anterior superior alveolar artery

13. Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the maxillary anterior teeth by way of each tooth’s apical foramen?

ANS: D

Feedback

A Although the infraorbital artery supplies the maxillary anterior teeth, it does so by providing orbital branches to the orbit, as well as giving off the anterior superior alveolar artery, but it does NOT actually enter through the apical foramen of each tooth.

B The inferior alveolar artery supplies the mandibular teeth, the floor of the mouth, and mental region.

C The sphenopalatine artery supplies the nasal cavity and anterior hard palate.

D The anterior superior alveolar artery supplies the maxillary anterior teeth by entering each tooth’s apical foramen.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 144 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.

14. The veins of the head and neck start out as large venules and become smaller as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart. The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in location with limited or NO variance regarding their location.

ANS: B

Feedback

A Both the first and second statements are false. Veins of the head and neck start out as small venules and become larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart. The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in location; however, they have a greater variability in location than do the arteries.

B Both statements are false. Veins of the head and neck start out as small venules and become larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart. The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in location; however; they have a greater variability in location than do the arteries.

C The first statement is false. Veins of the head and neck do NOT start out as large venules. They also become larger as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart.

D The second statement is false. The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in location and have greater variability regarding their location than do arteries.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 145 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Upper lip b. Lower lip c. Submental space d. Lateral scalp

15. Which of the following oral structures or regions is NOT drained DIRECTLY by the facial vein?

ANS: D

Feedback

A The facial vein drains the upper lip by way of the superior labial drainage vein.

B The facial vein drains the lower lip by way of the inferior labial drainage vein.

C The facial vein drains the submental space by way of the submental drainage vein.

D The facial vein does NOT drain the lateral scalp. The retromandibular and external jugular veins drain this area.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 145 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Posterior superior alveolar veins b. Pterygoid plexus of veins c. Maxillary vein d. Middle meningeal vein

16. Which of the following blood vessels NOT only protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication but also accommodates changes in volume of the infratemporal fossa that occur when the mandible moves?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The posterior superior alveolar veins drain the pulp of the maxillary teeth by way of each tooth’s apical foramen. It also drains the periodontium of the maxillary teeth.

B The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and surrounding the maxillary artery. It protects the maxillary from being compressed during mastication by allowing changes in volume of the infratemporal fossa that occur when the mandible moves.

C The maxillary vein is a deep vein that begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus. The maxillary vein receives other veins from the nose and palate before draining into and from the retromandibular vein.

D Middle meningeal vein drains blood from the meninges of the brain into the pterygoid plexus of veins.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 146 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Internal jugular vein b. External jugular vein c. Inferior alveolar vein d. Anterior jugular vein

17. Which of the following veins listed drains MOST of the head and neck?

ANS: A

Feedback

A The internal jugular vein originates in the cranial cavity and leaves the skull through the jugular foramen. It receives tributaries, including the veins, from the lingual, sublingual, and pharyngeal areas, as well as the facial vein.

B The external jugular vein moves inferiorly along the neck, terminating in the subclavian vein.

C The inferior alveolar vein drains the periodontium of the mandibular teeth, including the gingival tissue.

D The anterior jugular vein begins inferior to the chin, communicating with veins in the area, and moves inferiorly near the midline, within the superficial fascia, receiving branches from superficial cervical structures.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 148 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Hematoma b. Thrombus c. Bacteremia d. Hemorrhage

18. What is a serious, life-threatening blood vessel lesion that occurs when a blood vessel is seriously traumatized, allowing large amounts of blood to escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting?

ANS: D

Feedback

A A hematoma is a bruise resulting from a blood vessel being injured and a small amount of blood escaping into and clotting into the surrounding tissue. It is NOT a serious, life-threatening blood vessel lesion.

B A thrombus is a clot that forms on the inner vessel wall. It is NOT a serious, lifethreatening blood vessel lesion unless it breaks away and becomes an embolus.

C A bacteremia occurs when bacteria travel within the blood system. It is NOT always a serious, life-threatening blood vessel lesion unless the patient is medically compromised.

D A hemorrhage occurs when large amounts of the blood escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting and thus is a serious, life-threatening blood vessel lesion.

DIF: Comprehension REF: p. 149 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development | CDA: General Chairside, II. D. Patient Management | CDA: General Chairside, VI. A. 1. Identify medical conditions that can cause medical emergencies in patients

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy | NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 5.0 Pathology | NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 1.0 Assessing Patient Characteristics a. Internal carotid artery b. Superior thyroid artery c. Lingual artery d. Angular artery

19. What is the blood supply that is DIRECTLY provided to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The internal carotid artery has NO branches in the neck but continues adjacent to the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath to the skull base, where it enters the cranium. The internal carotid artery supplies intracranial structures and is the source of the ophthalmic artery, which supplies the eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland.

B The superior thyroid artery is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery that has a sternocleidomastoid branch to supply the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

C The lingual artery is an anterior branch from the external carotid artery and arises superior to the superior thyroid artery at the level of the hyoid bone. The lingual artery travels anteriorly to the apex of the tongue by way of its inferior surface. The lingual artery supplies the tissue superior to the hyoid bone, including the suprahyoid muscles and floor of the mouth by the dorsal lingual, deep lingual, sublingual, and suprahyoid branches. The tongue is also supplied by branches of the lingual artery.

D The angular artery is the termination of the facial artery and supplies the side of the nose.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 136 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy

20. A branch of the maxillary artery reaches the nasal cavity through the a. infraorbital foramen. b. incisive foramen. c. sphenopalatine foramen. d. greater and lesser palatine foramina.

ANS: C

Feedback

A After giving off branches in the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital artery emerges onto the face from the infraorbital foramen. The artery’s terminal branches supply parts of the infraorbital region of the face and anastomose with the facial artery.

B The sphenopalatine artery gives rise to the posterior lateral nasal branches and septal branches, including a nasopalatine branch that accompanies the nasopalatine nerve through the incisive foramen on the maxillae.

C The sphenopalatine artery is a branch of the maxillary artery that reaches the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen.

D The maxillary artery gives rise to the descending palatine artery, which travels to the palate through the pterygopalatine canal, which then terminates in both the greater palatine artery and lesser palatine artery by way of the greater and lesser palatine foramina to supply the hard and soft palates, respectively.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 144 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Shallower b. Deeper c. Superior d. Inferior

21. What is the relationship of the maxillary vein to the superficial temporal vein?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

B The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

C The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

D The maxillary vein or internal maxillary vein is deeper than the superficial temporal vein and begins in the infratemporal fossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 145 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. External carotid artery b. Maxillary artery c. Inferior alveolar artery d. Internal carotid artery

22. The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and DIRECTLY surrounding which artery?

ANS: B

Feedback

A The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and directly surrounding the maxillary artery.

B The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and directly surrounding the maxillary artery.

C The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and directly surrounding the maxillary artery.

D The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and directly surrounding the maxillary artery.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 146 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Anterior b. Posterior c. Medial d. Lateral

23. What is the relationship of the subclavian artery to the common carotid artery?

ANS: D

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A The subclavian artery arises lateral to the common carotid artery.

B The subclavian artery arises lateral to the common carotid artery.

C The subclavian artery arises lateral to the common carotid artery. The external carotid artery travels superiorly in a more medial position (in relationship to the internal carotid artery) after arising from the common carotid artery.

D The subclavian artery arises lateral to the common carotid artery.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 135 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

24. What is the usual number of anterior branches that arise from the external carotid artery?

ANS: C

Feedback

A There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery: superior thyroid, lingual, and facial. Only one medial branch is from the external carotid artery: the small ascending pharyngeal artery.

B There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery: superior thyroid, lingual, and facial. There are two posterior branches of the external carotid artery: occipital and posterior auricular.

C There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery: superior thyroid, lingual, and facial.

D There are three anterior branches from the external carotid artery: superior thyroid, lingual, and facial. The external carotid artery has four sets of branches grouped according to their location relative to the main artery: anterior, medial, posterior, and terminal.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 136 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Trigeminal nerve b. Facial nerve c. Hypoglossal nerve d. Mandibular nerve

25. With what nerve is the occipital artery closely associated at its origin?

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A At its origin, the occipital artery is closely associated with the twelfth cranial or hypoglossal nerve.

B At its origin, the occipital artery is closely associated with the twelfth cranial or hypoglossal nerve.

C At its origin, the occipital artery is closely associated with the twelfth cranial or hypoglossal nerve.

D The maxillary artery also has branches that are located near the muscle they supply. These arteries all accompany branches of the mandibular nerve or third division of the fifth cranial or trigeminal nerve.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 140 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy

Multiple Response

1. From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the external carotid artery. (Select all that apply.)

a. Begins at inferior border of thyroid cartilage b. Travels upward medial to internal carotid artery c. Begins at the termination of common carotid artery d. Travels upward lateral to internal carotid artery

ANS: B, C

Feedback

Correct The external carotid artery travels upward medial to the internal carotid artery and begins at the termination of the common carotid artery; this artery does NOT begin at the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage and does NOT travel lateral to the internal carotid artery.

Incorrect The external carotid artery begins at the superior border of the thyroid cartilage and NOT its inferior border as well as traveling upward medial and NOT lateral to the internal carotid artery.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 136 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Facial artery b. Maxillary artery c. Facial vein d. Retromandibular vein e. Maxillary vein

2. From the following list of blood vessels, select those blood vessels that anastomose with the pterygoid plexus of veins located around the pterygoid muscles. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: C, D

Feedback

Correct The pterygoid plexus of veins anastomoses with both the facial vein and retromandibular vein.

Incorrect The pterygoid plexus of veins surrounds the maxillary artery and does NOT anastomose with either the facial artery or maxillary artery; the plexus drains into the maxillary vein.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 145 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Thrombus b. Embolus c. Hematoma d. Hemorrhage e. Varicosity

3. From the following list of terms concerning compromised blood vessels, select the terms that are associated DIRECTLY with clot formation. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, B, C

Feedback

Correct The terms concerning compromised blood vessels that are DIRECTLY associated with clot formation are thrombus (plural, thrombi), embolus (plural, emboli), and hematoma.

Incorrect The terms concerning compromised blood vessels that are NOT DIRECTLY associated with clot formation are hemorrhage and varicosity.

DIF: Comprehension REF: pp. 148-149 OBJ: 3

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. Drains only a small part of extracranial structures b. Terminates in the subclavian vein c. Visible near the sternocleidomastoid muscle d. Usually only one vein is present

4. From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the external jugular vein. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, B, C

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Correct The external jugular vein drains only a small part of extracranial structures. It terminates in the subclavian vein and is visible as it crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.

Incorrect Usually there are two external jugular veins but there can be ONLY one anterior jugular vein.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 148 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy a. May be superficial to lateral pterygoid muscle b. Runs between mandible and temporomandibular ligament c. May be deep to lateral pterygoid muscle d. Runs through infratemporal fossa

5. From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the maxillary artery. (Select all that apply.)

ANS: A, C, D

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Correct The maxillary artery runs either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle and through the infratemporal fossa superiorly.

Incorrect The maxillary artery runs between the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament anteriorly and NOT the temporomandibular ligament.

DIF: Recall REF: p. 141 OBJ: 2

TOP: CDA: General Chairside, I. A. Demonstrate understanding of basic oral and dental anatomy, physiology, and development

MSC: NBDHE, Scientific Basis for Dental Hygiene Practice, 1.1 Anatomy