Health Now September 2015

September 2015 Issue3 Year 3

Face Serums Yoga:The way of Life

World Heart Day 29th September

Cataract

Deafness Retirement Symbols

Happiness Science Blooming Healthcare Industry Kalam: Return if possible First Aid for Heart Attack Treadmill v/s Running Outdoors

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Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

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Health Now September 2015

Dr. Sunil Mahajan Dr. Pankaj Mutneja Dr. Nikhil Girdhar Dr. Jyoti Bajaj Dear Readers Health comes first is very primeval adage but still pretty pragmatic today. There has been a tremendous change in knowledge of human body amongst masses and that change has actually paid off in many ways. The first being the enhancement of life expectancy. Japan has outscored all the major giant nations of the world with its life expectancy being 84 years in the latest survey. India is ranked 139th with life expectancy of 66 years. With more than 65% young population it is high time to care take of the best gift to mankind i.e.

HEALTH. The government of India, though, has started some steps towards the same as in “Swachh Bharat� but the crux of the problem is educating the masses for health and sanitation. The work done by the government for completing the construction of separate toilets for girls all over the country in each and every government school of India is attracting praise from all over the globe.

It is actually a task that none of the past governments thought about and was executed to perfection before time by the present one.

But the onus is on we citizens as well as to take the initiative a further step forward and achieve something like 100% usage of the toilets by next 15th August so that noone defecates in the open. This can only be accomplished by taking your time off from your busy schedule and donate 15 minutes for a talk in a government school on sanitation. Each and everyone of us reading this magazine knows the ill effects of ignoring sanitation and just needs a will to deliver the message in rural areas. The ignorance is defeated by knowledge so lets share the responsibility and spread the word around by committing ourselves 15 minutes for the national cause.

CHIEF ADVISORS

Prof. S K Sharma Purshotam Sharma O P Miglani Ved MIttal EDITOR IN CHIEF

Prem Girdhar SUB EDITORS

Navya (Haryana) 8950601448 Amit Thakral (Chandigarh) COVER ILLUSTRATION

Nikhil Rai ADVERTISEMNTS Send your queries to girdharpp@gmail.com or call 98121-05400

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Lets get started!!!!!!!!!!!!

Prem Girdhar Editor-in- Chief

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

7 Yoga: The way of Life

22 Treadmill v/s Running Outdoors v/s

9 Face Serums 10 Blooming Healthcare In India 23 Retirement Symbols 13 Understanding Back Pain

17

Soaked Almonds

26 Cataract

29 First Aid of High BP 31 Brocolli

32 Happiness Science

18 Kalam : Return if Possible 19 Heart Attack First aid

Happiness Science

36 Deafness 38 Figerprints 39 School Bus Safety Mess 41 Liver Function Tests Results Explained 45 Gingivitis & Bottle feeding 48 Super 6 Success Secrets 49 Golden Salute to Victory

Yoga : Health Now September 2015

Yoga is a 5000 year old fitness discipline that originated in ancient India. While no one knows the exact beginning of this form, it is known to have existed as far back as the ancient Indus valley civilization.

In archeological digs ancient seals have been found depicting yoga postures. While yogis practiced and developed yoga for centuries, passing it down the generations from teacher to students, the sage Patanjali is considered as the father of the formal yoga philosophy. This is what saw the emergence of classical yoga.

Classical yoga is described as an eight stage process. This includes forms of ethical discipline, breathing techniques, postures and meditations. Yoga is said to be the longest surviving philosophical system. Little wonder that in spite of being a traditional disciple, it is open to modification and change. It is constantly evolving, incorporating newer elements along with the age old ones.

There exist six major types of yoga and hundreds of different schools. The main types of yoga include Hatha Yoga (yoga of postures), Raja Yoga (yoga of self control), Karma Yoga (this is a yoga of service), Bhakti Yoga (this is a yoga of devotion), Jnana Yoga (this is a yoga of the mind) and Tantra Yoga (yoga of rituals). Hatha yoga is the most popular practiced form of yoga in the world. It incorporates a gentle and moderate set of postures with breathing techniques and meditation.

the way of life

"By proclaiming 21 June as the International Day of Yoga, the General Assembly has recognized the holistic benefits of this timeless practice and its inherent compatibility with the principles and values of the United Nations.�

The draft resolution establishing the International Day of Yoga was proposed by India and endorsed by a record 175 member states. The proposal was first introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his address during the opening of the 69th session of the General Assembly, in which he said: “Yoga is an invaluable gift from our ancient tradition. Yoga embodies unity of mind and body, thought and action ... a holistic approach [that] is valuable to our health and our well-being. Yoga is not just about exercise; it is a way to discover the sense of oneness with yourself, the world and the nature.”

The resolution notes “the importance of individuals and populations making healthier choices and following lifestyle patterns that foster good health.” In this regard, the World Health Organization has also urged its member states to help their citizens reduce physical inactivity, which is among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide, and a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes.

But yoga is more than a physical activity. In his statement before the vote on the resolution, the President of the 69th session of the General Assembly, Sam Kutesa emphasized this point: “For centuries, people from all walks of life have practiced yoga, recognizing its unique embodiment of unity between mind and body. Yoga brings thought and action together in harmony.”

In the words of one of its most famous practitioners, the late B. K. S. Iyengar, “Yoga cultivates the ways of maintaining a balanced attitude in day-to-day life and endows skill in the performance of one’s actions.”

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Yoga is an ancient physical, mental and spiritual practice that originated in India. The word ‘yoga’ derives from Sanskrit and means to join or to unite, symbolizing the union of body and consciousness.

Today it is practiced in various forms around the world and continues to grow in popularity.

Recognizing its universal appeal, on 11 December 2014, the United Nations proclaimed 21 June as International Yoga Day by resolution 69/131.

International Yoga Day aims to raise awareness worldwide of the many benefits of practicing yoga.

Mr. Narendra Modi Addressing the United Nations Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Face Serums: Helpful??

In west, Women swear by face serums, in India, it is yet to get a foothold.

Face serums are lightweight moisturizers that penetrate deeper to deliver active ingredients into your skin.Are they just another marketing ploy to get us to add a Highly concentrated, a face serum is a clear, gel-like beauty agent used to combat specific, targeted areas on the face and neck. The molecular structure of serums is much smaller than gels or creams, so a face serum can penetrate the skin quicker and deeper than products that include a moisturizer.

They are light and penetrate into the skin quickly; they’re very good for oily skin. A serum mostly contains water and an active ingredient—it does not usually contain oil.

Don’t confuse them as a moisturizer though, since they’re two different things.

Oils and moisturizes are more emollient and they’re also more occlusive.

If you have oily skin you may just want to use a serum. If you have normal or dry skin you can use both. Just make certain to use the serum first before you use the moisturize.

Serums can be applied twice a day. After you wash your face in the morning, apply the serum, then your SPF. In the evening after washing, put on serum and if you need more hydration add a moisturizing cream or lotion.

Serum vs. Moisturizer Serum: The lesser known

“cousin” of the moisturizer, the serum, nourishes skin with antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. But unlike moisturizer, it doesn’t add oil to the skin. Facial serum has smaller

Moisturizer: A moisturizer is a lotion or cream that contains emollients to hydrate the skin. It also forms a barrier to help the skin retain its hydration. As you might have noticed when pursuing the aisles at

TYPES OF SERUMS ANTI-AGING Peptides are a key ingredient to keep you looking young. Super concentrated, it deeply penetrates the surface of the skin to firm, reduce wrinkles and deliver a radiant glow.

ACNE-PRONE A retinol will help keep breakouts under control. It improves skin’s texture by delivering antioxidants and intense moisture.

SENSITIVE SKIN Green tea is perfect for delicate skin, bringing a smooth and glowing complexion while protecting the skin’s barrier by preventing environmental damage.

Health Now September 2015

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BLOOMI

Healthcare Industry in India Healthcare has become one of India's largest sectors - both in terms of revenue and employment. The industry comprises hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, telemedicine, medical tourism, health insurance and medical equipment. The Indian healthcare industry is growing at a tremendous pace due to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure by public as well private players.

The Indian healthcare delivery system is categorised into two major components - public and private. The Government, i.e. public healthcare system comprises limited secondary and tertiary care institutions in key cities and focuses on providing basic healthcare facilities in the form of primary healthcare centers (PHCs)

in rural areas. The private sector provides majority of secondary, tertiary and quaternary care institutions with a major concentration in metros, tier I and tier II cities.

India's primary competitive advantage lies in its large pool of well-trained medical professionals.

Also, India's cost advantage compared to peers in Asia and Western countries is significant - cost of surgery in India is one-tenth of that in the US or Western Europe.

Market Size According to estimates, the overall Indian health care market today is US$ 65 billion, of which the hospital supplies and health care equipment segment is believed to be only

around US$ 4.5-5 million. Health care delivery, which includes hospitals, nursing homes and diagnostics centres, and pharmaceuticals, constitutes 65 per cent of the overall market.

India requires 600,000 to 700,000 additional beds over the next five to six years, which potentially throws an opportunity of more than US$ 25-30 billion. While the existing hospitals would look at expanding their capabilities, a lot of new properties would also come up.

Overall the number of transactions in the healthcare space is going to grow as companies are seeking growth capital. The average investment size by private equity funds in healthcare chains has increased to US$ 20-30 million which was around US$ 5-15

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Health Now September 2015

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million, said Mr Abhishek P Singh, follows: Associate Director for Healthcare, Mylan Inc has signed a deal to acquire the female health care PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). businesses of Famy Care Ltd, a specialty women’s health care The Indian medical tourism industry company, for US$ 750 million in cash is pegged at US$ 1 billion per annum, and additional contingent payments growing at around 18 per cent and is of up to US$ 50 million. expected to touch US$ 2 billion by Sanofi-Synthelabo (India) Ltd had 2015. invested Rs 90 crore (US$ 14.47 There is a significant scope for million) in Apollo Sugar Clinics Ltd enhancing healthcare services (ASCL), a unit of its subsidiary Apollo c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t h e a l t h c a r e Health and Lifestyle Ltd. spending as a percentage of GDP is rising. Rural India, which accounts Apollo Hospitals Enterprise (AHEL) for over 70 per cent of the population, plans to add another 2,000 beds over is set to emerge as a potential the next two financial years, at a cost demand source. Only three per cent of around Rs 1,500 crore (US$ 241.24 million), as per Mr Prathap C of specialist physicians cater to rural demand.

Reddy, Founder and Executive Chairman, Apollo Hospitals.

Temasek Holdings Pte Ltd has Investments acquired the entire 17.74 per cent stake of Punj Lloyd Ltd in Global Health Pvt Ltd, which owns and The hospital and diagnostic centres attracted foreign direct investment operates the (FDI) worth US$ 2,793.72 million Medanta super specialty hospital in between April 2000 and January Gurgaon, Haryana.

2015, according to data released by the Department of Industrial Policy CDC, the UK’s development finance institution, has invested US$ 48 and Promotion (DIPP). million in Narayana Hrudayalaya Some of the major investments in the h o s p i t a l s , a m u l t i - s p e c i a l i t y Indian healthcare industry are as healthcare provider. With this

investment, Narayana Health will expand affordable treatment in eastern, central and western India.

Apollo Health and Lifestyle Ltd (AHLL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Apollo Hospitals Enterprise, has acquired Nova Specialty Hospitals at an estimated cost of Rs 135-145 crore (US$ 21.71-22.32 million).

Govt. Initiatives India's universal health plan that aims to offer guaranteed benefits to a sixth of the world's population will cost an estimated Rs 1.6 trillion (US$ 25.73 billion) over the next four years.

Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India to promote Indian healthcare industry are as follows: The Competition Commission of India (CCI) in its meeting has approved the proposed merger between Sun Pharma and Ranbaxy, subject to the parties inter alia carrying out the divestiture of their products relating to seven relevant markets for formulations.

India and Sweden celebrated five

Health Now September 2015

years of memorandum of understanding (MoU). The cooperation in healthcare between India and Sweden will help in filling gaps in research and innovative technology to aid provisioning of quality healthcare.

Telemedicine is a fast emerging sector in India. In 2012, the telemedicine market in India was valued at US$ 7.5 million, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 20 per cent to US$ 18.7 million by 2017.

Generic drug maker Mylan Inc and the US-based Abbott Industries India's competitive advantage have received the CCI’s nod to also lies in the increased success proceed with their merger. rate of Indian companies in getting Abbreviated New Drug Mr J P Nadda, Union Minister for Application (ANDA) approvals.

Health & Family Welfare, I n d i a a l s o o f f e r s v a s t Government of India has launched opportunities in R&D as well as the National Deworming initiative medical tourism. aimed to protect more than 24 crore children in the ages of 1-19 years There are vast opportunities for from intestinal worms. investment in healthcare U n d e r t h e N a t i o n a l H e a l t h infrastructure in both urban and Assurance Mission, Prime Minister rural India. About 1.8 million beds Mr Narendra Modi's government are required by the end of 2025. would provide all citizens with free Additionally, 1.54 million doctors drugs and diagnostic treatment, as and 2.4 million nurses are well as insurance cover to treat required to meet the growing serious ailments. demand.

All the government hospitals in Andhra Pradesh would get a facelift with a cost of Rs 45 crore (US$ 7.23 million), besides the establishment of 1,000 generic medical shops across the State in the next few months.

Road Ahead India is a land full of opportunities for players in the medical devices industry. The country has also become one of the leading destinations for high-end diagnostic services with tremendous capital investment for advanced diagnostic facilities, thus catering to a greater proportion of population. Besides, Indian medical service consumers have become more conscious towards their healthcare upkeep.

The Indian healthcare sector, one of the fastest growing industries, is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17 per cent during 2011-2020 to touch US$ 280 billion. It is expected to rank amongst the top three healthcare markets in terms of incremental growth by 2020.

Of total healthcare revenues in the country, hospitals account for 71 per cent, pharmaceuticals for 13 per cent and medical equipment and supplies for 9 per cent.

The private sector has emerged as a vibrant force in India's healthcare industry, lending it both national and international repute. It accounts for almost 72 per cent of the country’s total healthcare expenditure.

Telemedicine is a fast-emerging sector in India; many major hospitals (Apollo, AIIMS, Narayana Hrudayalaya) have adopted telemedicine services and entered into a number of public-private partnerships (PPP). The telemedicine market in India is valued at US$ 7.5 million and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 20 per cent to reach US$ 18.7 million by 2017.

The Government of India aims to develop India as a global healthcare hub. It has created the National Health Mission (NHM) for providing effective healthcare to both the urban and rural population.

Investment in healthcare infrastructure is set to rise, benefiting both 'hard' (hospitals) and 'soft' (R&D, education) infrastructure.

India is the largest exporter of formulations with 14 per cent market share and ranks 12th in the world in terms of export value. Double-digit growth is expected over the next five years.

The most common problem and complaint from everyone. Approximately 80% of the population will have low back pain once in their lives It is a common reason for absence from work or visiting a doctor. Although back pain is painful and uncomfortable but its not usually serious

Understanding Back pain Risk factors for back pain A risk factor is something which increases the likelihood of developing a condition or disease. The following factors are linked to a higher risk of developing low back pain: § A mentally stressful job § Pregnancy - pregnant women are much more likely to get back pain § A sedentary lifestyle § Age - older adults are more susceptible than young adults or children § Anxiety § Depression § Gender - back pain is more common among females than males § Obesity/overweight § Smoking § Strenuous physical exercise (especially if not done properly) § Strenuous physical work.

Even though back pain can affect people of any age, it is significantly more common among adults aged between 35 and 55 years. Experts say that back pain is associated with the way our bones, muscles and l i g a m e n t s i n o u r b a c k s w o r k t o g e t h e r.

Pain in the lower back may be linked to the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, lower back muscles, abdomen and pelvic internal organs, and the skin around the lumbar area. Pain in the upper back may be due to disorders of the aorta, tumors in the chest, and spine inflammation.

Signs and symptoms of back pain A symptom is something the patient feels and reports, while a sign is something other people, such as the doctor detect. For example, pain may be a symptom while a rash may be a sign.

The main symptom of back pain is, as the name suggests, an ache or pain anywhere on the back, and sometimes all the way down to the buttocks and legs.

In most cases signs and symptoms clear up on their own within a short period.

Health Now September 2015

f any of the following signs or symptoms accompanies a Ø back pain your should see your doctor: § Weight loss § Elevated body temperature (fever) § Inflammation (swelling) on the back § Persistent back pain - lying down or resting does not help § Pain down the legs § Pain reaches below the knees § A recent injury, blow or trauma to your back Ÿ Difficulty urinating - passing urine is hard § Fecal incontinence - you lose your bowel control (you poo unintentionally) § Numbness around the genitals § Numbness around the anus § Numbness around the buttocks.

Who needs medical advise?

The following groups of people should seek medical advice if they experience back pain: § People aged less than 20 and more than 55 years § Patients who have been taking steroids for a few months § Drug abusers § Patients with cancer § Patients who have had cancer § Patients with low immune systems Causes of back pain The human back is composed of a complex structure of muscles, ligaments, tendons, disks and bones - the segments of our spine are cushioned with cartilage-like pads. Problems with any of these components can lead to back pain. In some cases of back pain, its cause is never found. Ø

Strain - the most common causes of back pain are: · Strained muscles · Strained ligaments · Lifting something improperly · Lifting something that is too heavy · The result of an abrupt and awkward movement · A muscle spasm.

Structural problems - the following structural problems may also result in back pain: · Ruptured disks - each vertebra in our spine is cushioned by disks. If the disk ruptures there will be more pressure on a nerve, resulting in back pain. · Bulging disks - in much the same way as ruptured disks, a bulging disk can result in more pressure on a nerve. · Sciatica - a sharp and shooting pain that travels through the buttock and down the back of the leg, caused by a bulging or herniated disk pressing on a nerve. · Arthritis - patients with osteoarthritis commonly experience problems with the joints in the hips, lower back, knees and hands. In some cases spinal stenosis can develop - the space around the spinal cord narrows. · Abnormal curvature of the spine - if the spine curves in an unusual way the patient is more likely to experience back pain. An example is scoliosis, when the spine curves to the side. · Osteoporosis - bones, including the vertebrae of the spine, become brittle and porous, making compression fractures more likely. · Cauda equina syndrome - the cauda equine is a bundle of spinal nerve roots that arise from the lower end of the spinal cord. People with cauda equine syndrome feel a dull pain in the lower back and upper buttocks, as well as analgesia (lack of feeling) in the buttocks, genitalia and thigh. There are sometimes bowel and bladder function disturbances. · Cancer of the spine - a tumor located on the spine may press against a nerve, resulting in back pain. · Infection of the spine - if the patient has an elevated body temperature (fever) as well as a tender warm area on the back, it could be caused by an infection of the spine. · Other infections - pelvic inflammatory disease (females), bladder or kidney infections. · Sleep disorders - individuals with sleep disorders are more likely to experience back pain, compared to others. · Shingles - an infection that can affect the nerves.

Health Now September 2015

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Bad mattress - if a mattress does not support specific parts of the body and keep the spine straight, there is a greater risk of developing back pain.

there is persistent pain and nerve compression which can lead to muscle weakness. Examples of surgical procedures include

Fusion - two vertebrae are joined together, with a gone graft inserted between them. The vertebrae are splinted Ø Everyday activities or poor posture. together with metal plates, screws or cages. There is a significantly greater risk for arthritis to subsequently Back pain can also be the result of some everyday develop in the adjoining vertebrae. activity or poor posture. Examples include: Artificial disk - an artificial disk is inserted; it replaces · Bending awkwardly the cushion between two vertebrae. · Pushing something · Pulling something Discectomy (partially removing a disk) - a portion of a · Carrying somethingCodeine or hydrocodone disk may be removed if it is irritating or pressing against narcotics - may also be prescribed for short a nerve. periods; they require close monitoring by the Partially removing a vertebra - a small section of a doctor. vertebra may be removed if it is pinching the spinal cord or nerves.

Some tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, have been shown to alleviate the symptoms of back CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) - according to pain, regardless of whether or not the patient has some studies, CBT can help patients manage chronic back pain. The therapy is based on the principle that the depression. way a person feels is, in part, dependent on the way they think about things. People who can be taught to train Physiotherapy - the application of heat, ice, themselves to react in a different way to pain may ultrasound and electrical stimulation, as well as some experience less perceived pain. CBT may use muscle-release techniques to the back muscles and soft relaxation techniques as well as strategies to maintain a tissues may help alleviate pain. As the pain subsides the positive attitude. Studies have found that patients with physical therapist may introduce some flexibility and CBT tend to become more active and do exercise, strength exercises for the back and abdominal muscles. resulting in a lower risk of back pain recurrence.

Techniques on improving posture may also help. The patient will be encouraged to practice the techniques C o m p l e m e n t a r y t h e r a p i e s regularly, even after the pain has gone, to prevent back pain recurrence.

A large number of patients opt for complementary therapies, as well as conventional treatments; some opt just for complementary therapies.

Cortisone injections - if the above-mentioned therapies are not effective enough, or if the pain reaches down to § A chiropractor treats joint, muscle and bone the patient's legs, cortisone may be injected into the problems - the main focus being the spine. epidural space (space around the spinal cord). § Shiatsu, also known as finger pressure therapy, Cortisone is an anti-inflammatory drug; it helps reduce is a type of massage where pressure is applied inflammation around the nerve roots. According to The Mayo Clinic, the pain-relief effect will wear off after less along energy lines in the body. The shiatsu than six weeks. therapist applies pressure with his/her fingers, thumbs and elbows. § Acupuncture, which originates from China, Injections may also be used to numb areas thought to be consists of inserting fine needles and specific causing the pain. Botox (botulism toxin), according to points in the body. Acupuncture can help the some early studies, are thought to reduce pain by paralyzing sprained muscles in spasm. These injections body release its natural painkillers - endorphins are effective for about three to four months. Surgery as well as stimulating nerve and muscle tissue. surgery for back pain is very rare. If a patient has a Studies on complementary therapies are have herniated disk surgery may be an option, especially if given mixed results. Some people have Health Now

experienced significant benefit, while others have not. It is important, when considering alternative therapies, to use a well qualified and r e g i s t e r e d t h e r a p i s t .

Lifting things - the secret for protecting your back when lifting things is to think "legs not back". In other words, use your legs to do the lifting, more than your back. Keep your back as straight as you can, keep your feet apart with one leg slightly forward so you can maintain balance, bend only at the knees, hold the weight close to your body, and straighten the legs while changing the position of your back as little as possible. Bending your back initially is unavoidable, when you bend your back try not to stoop or squat, tighten your stomach muscles so that your pelvis is pulled in. Most important, do not straighten your legs before lifting; otherwise you will be using your back for most of the work.

TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) - a popular therapy for patients with chronic (long-term) back pain. The TENS machine delivers small electric pulses into the body through electrodes that are place on the skin. Experts believe TENS encourages the body to produce endorphins, and may possibly block pain signals returning to the brain. Studies on TENS have provided mixed results; some revealed no benefits, while others Do not lift and twist at the same time. If something is indicated that it could be helpful for some particularly heavy, see if you can lift it with someone p a t i e n t s . else. While you are lifting keep looking straight ahead, not up nor down, so that the back of your neck is like a continuous straight line from your spine.

Prevention Steps to lower the risk of developing back pain consist Moving things - remember that it is better for your back mainly of addressing some of the risk factors. to push things across the floor, rather than pulling them.

Exercise - regular exercise helps build strength as well as keeping your body weight down. Experts say that lowimpact aerobic activities are best; activities that do not strain or jerk the back. Before starting any exercise program, talk to a health care professional.

Core-strengthening exercises; exercises that work he abdominal and back muscles, help strengthen muscles which protect your back.

Flexibility - exercises aimed at improving flexibility in our hips and upper legs may help too.

Smoking - a significantly higher percentage of smokers have back pain incidences compared to non-smokers of the same age, height and weight.

Shoes - flat shoes place less of a strain on the back.

Driving - it is important to have proper support for your back. Make sure the wing mirrors are properly positioned so you do not need to twist. The pedals should be squarely in front of your feet. If you are on a long journey, have plenty of breaks - get out of the car a n d w a l k a r o u n d .

Your bed - you should have a mattress that keeps you spine straight, while at the same time supporting the weight of your shoulders and buttocks. Use a pillow, but not one that forces your neck into a steep angle.

Body weight - the fatter you are the greater your risk of developing back pain. The difference in back pain risk between obese and normal-weight individuals is c o n s i d e r a b l e .

Posture when standing - make sure you have a neutral pelvic position. Stand upright, head facing forward, back straight, and balance your weight evenly on both feet k e e p y o u r l e g s s t r a i g h t .

Posture when sitting - a good seat should have good back support, arm rests and a swivel base (for working).

When sitting try to keep your knees and hips level and keep your feet flat on the floor - if you can't, use a footstool. You should ideally be able to sit upright with support in the small of your back. If you are using a keyboard, make sure your elbows are at right-angles and that your forearms are horizontal.

Health Now September 2015

Soaked Almonds

Most people love eating raw almonds but hate the idea of soaking them over night. Now, its time to put in a little effort and picking up the healthier option when choosing between raw and soaked almonds.

Why soaked almonds are better?

The Brown peel of the almonds contains tannin that inhibits nutrient absorption. Once soaked, the brown peel of the almonds comes out easily allowing it to release nutrients and also helps in digestion. It releases the enzyme lipase, which is beneficial for fat digestion Almonds also help in weight loss. They contain monounsaturated fats that curb your appetite and makes you feel full. Soaked almonds are a good source of antioxidants too. It resists free radical damage and prevents ageing. Soaked almonds contain Vitamin B17 and folic acid that are vital for Health Now fighting cancer and reducing birth defects, another reason worth putting in a little effort.

September 2015 So make a habit, soak the almonds overnight and have your daily share of nutrition every morning.

RETURN IF POSSIBLE LISTED IN Presidents, Political Leaders, Scientists ALSO KNOWN AS Missile Man FAMOUS AS Former President of India, Scientist NATIONALITY Indian RELIGION Islam BORN ON 15 October 1931 AD ZODIAC SIGN Libra BORN IN Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu DIED ON 27 July 2015 AD PLACE OF DEATH Shillong, Meghalaya, India FATHER Jainulabudeen Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India. He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.

helped Kalam win an election against Lakshmi Sahgal and become India's 11th president, a largely ceremonial post.

Known as the People's President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young people over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.

Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a bright student who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College, and went on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the "What Can I Give Movement" in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate society, and in 2012, his efforts to His hopes of becoming a fighter pilot was dashed improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for when he narrowly missed out on a spot with the medical personnel to use in remote areas.

Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of newly formed Indian Space Research Organization Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.

(ISRO) in 1969, he was named project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in produced on Indian soil. his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the scientist and

former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam's birthday (October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, Day." Discussion about building a large-scale memorial in which five nuclear devices were detonated in the at his burial site is underway.

Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India's defense minister in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.

Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his stanch defense of the country’s security.

In 2002, India's ruling National Democratic Alliance

Health Now September 2015

Heart Attack Do's during heart attack: Ÿ Patient should be made to sit down, rest, and try to keep calm. Ÿ Loosen any tight clothing. Ÿ Ask if the patient takes any chest pain medication for a known heart condition, such as nitroglycerin, and help him take it. Ÿ If the pain does not go away with rest or within 3 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, call for emergency medical help. Ÿ If the person is unconscious and unresponsive, call for emergency and should begin CPR. Don'ts during heart attack Ÿ Do not leave the patient alone Ÿ Do not allow the person to deny the symptoms . Ÿ Do not wait to see if the symptoms go away. Ÿ Do not give the person anything by mouth unless a heart medication (such as nitroglycerin) has been prescribed.

World Heart Day

CPR( Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): It is an emergency lifesaving procedure. It is a combination of: Chest compressions that keeps patient's blood circulating.

Rescue breathing that provides oxygen to patient's lungs.

Chest compressions: Ÿ Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the person’s breastbone. Ÿ Place the other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers. Ÿ Press down firmly and smoothly (compressing to

1/3 of chest depth) 30 times. Ÿ Administer 2 breaths as described below in mouth-to-mouth, Ÿ The ratio of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths is the same, whether CPR is being performed alone or with the assistance of a second person.

Health Now September 2015

Effective chest compressions will be tiring. It is important to get help from others if possible, to allow changeover for rest and to keep the compressions effective.

CPR for children aged 1-8 years: Ÿ Use the heel of one hand only for compressions, compressing to one third of chest depth. Ÿ Follow the basic steps for performing CPR described above.

Mouth-to-mouth Respiration: Ÿ If the patient is not breathing normally, make sure he is lying on his back on a firm surface Ÿ Open the airway by tilting the head back and lifting his chin. Ÿ Close his nostrils with your finger and thumb. Ÿ Put your mouth over the patient’s mouth and blow into his mouth.

CPR for infant (up to 12 months of age): Ÿ Place the infant on his back. Do not tilt his head back or lift his chin (this is not necessary as their heads are still large in comparison to their bodies). Ÿ Perform mouth-to-mouth by covering the infant’s nose and mouth with your mouth – remember to use only a small breath. Ÿ Do chest compressions, using two fingers of one hand, to about one third of chest depth.

Follow the basic steps for performing CPR described above.

Ÿ Give 2 full breaths to the patient (this is called

‘rescue breathing’). Make sure there is no air leak and the chest is rising and falling. If his chest does not rise and fall, check that you’re pinching his nostrils tightly and sealing your mouth to his. If still no breathing, check airway again for any obstruction. Ÿ Continue CPR, repeating the cycle of 30 compressions then 2 breaths until professional help arrives. Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ The World Heart Day is observed on 29 September, Ÿ annually to create healthy heart environment. The Ÿ

World Heart Day

Family history of heart disease Being overweight or obese Unhealthy high fat diet.

Stress Lack of exercise

theme of the World Heart Day 2014 is "Heart Choices NOT Hard Choices" which focuses on the benefits of Warning signs of Heart Attack low salt diet with the aim to reduce the risk of Ÿ Chest pain cardiovascular diseases. Ÿ Shortness of breath Ÿ Pain in the jaw, neck or back Heart is a muscular organ which is at the center of our Ÿ Pain in the arms or shoulder circulatory system. This system consists of a network Ÿ Sweating, nausea or vomiting of arteries, veins, and capillaries. These blood Ÿ Weakness and anxiety vessels transport blood to and from all parts of our body. Thus, it is the most vital organ of the body.

Cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders First Aid During Heart Attack affecting the heart and blood vessels which supply Ÿ Make the patient sit and relax blood to lungs, brain, kidneys and other parts of the Ÿ Loosen the tight clothes body. Ÿ Give the medicine if the person is already a heart patient.

It is the leading cause of death among males as well Ÿ If the pain does not subside within 3 minutes, call as females. According to World Health Organization, for medical emergency there are about 2.5 million people dying annually from Ÿ If the patient is unconscious, perform cardiovascular diseases and by 2030 this figure is Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and likely to rise to 23 million. In India, almost 26% of total continue till the emergency help arrives. deaths due to Non-communicable diseases(NCDs) is caused by cardiovascular diseases

Tips to keep your heart healthy

Risk factors for Heart diseases Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

High Blood Pressure (hypertension) High Blood Sugar (Diabetes) High Blood Cholesterol Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption

Ÿ Consume a low-fat, high-fiber diet such as whole

grains and fruit and vegetables. Ÿ Avoid tobacco consumption and smoking. Ÿ Avoid alcohol consumption as it may the reduce

risk by 30%

Health Now September 2015

A heart attack is also called a myocardial infarction or MI. It occurs when a blood vessel that provides the heart muscle with oxygen becomes blocked, stopping blood flow to a part of the heart. If treatment is not done right away, part of the heart muscle dies. The sooner you get help,the less damage you will have to your heart.

In India, almost 26% of total deaths due to Non-communicable diseases(NCDs) cardiovascular diseases

is caused by

“Heart Choices NOT Hard Choices" Decrease body fat if you are over weight Exercise daily for at least 30 minutes Reduce salt intake Reduce stress by yoga, meditation and other recreational activities Ÿ Keep a check on weight, blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol levels Ÿ Go for routine health check up. Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

FAQs What is Cardiovascular disease/heart disease?

Cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels which are supplying lungs, brain, kidneys and other parts of the body.

1 to 3 years – 2g salt a day (0.8g sodium) 4 to 6 years – 3g salt a day (1.2g sodium) 7 to 10 years – 5g salt a day (2g sodium) 11 years and over – 6g salt a day (2.4g sodium) What is cholesterol and why it is important to know my blood cholesterol levels?

Cholesterol is a fat like substance(lipid) present in the body cells produced by liver and transported through substances called lipoproteins. Two types of lipoproteins found in our body are low density lipoprotein(LDL) and High density lipoprotein(HDL) where LDL is called as Bad cholesterol as it delivers cholesterols to the body cells and high level of LDL in blood can cause plaque formation in the blood vessels which can lead to heart disease. HDL is known as Good cholesterol as it carries cholesterol from away from arteries back to liver.

Which factors decide whether I am at risk of heart disease?

The factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, obesity, family history, physical inactivity are majorly responsible for What do you understand by enlarged heart?

An enlarged heart means when the size of heart causing heart disease. becomes larger than the normal because of obesity, high blood pressure, viral illness and hereditary What is high blood pressure? disorders.

The heart pumps blood through the vessels to all parts of body and thus causing pressure against vessel's walls which is measured as blood pressure. What is stroke and what are its warning signs?

Stroke is a brain injury where blood flow to the brain is Why high blood pressure is called "Silent Killer"? blocked or interrupted. The warning signs of stroke High blood pressure is the most common and are sudden numbness or weakness in face, arm or dangerous condition and often known as silent killer leg, difficulty in speech and temporary loss of vision. as it often has no symptoms or warning signs and What do you understand Cardiopulmonary many people are unaware Resuscitation(CPR)?

How can I control my blood pressure in case I am CPR is an emergency procedure to provide breathing and blood circulation to an unconscious hypertensive?

The blood pressure can be controlled by taking low patient in case of heart attack/cardiac arrest. salt and low fat diet, quitting smoking, losing weight, What are the myths about heart disease? drinking in moderation. Ÿ Only men get heart attack Ÿ Chest pain is the only symptoms How much salt should I consume everyday? Ÿ Only old or obese people get heart attack The daily recommended salt consumption depends on age-

Health Now September 2015

TREADMILL VS Treadmill has been considered a more comfortable and modern method of exercise for the last few decades but it needs to be investigated whether it beats outdoor running or not. The first thing we need to examine is whether running on a treadmill is the same as running outside.

Benefit of treadmill running versus outdoor running Because we now know that running outside and running on the treadmill are basically the same at a 1% grade, we can identify the specific workouts or instances when running on a treadmill might actually be better than running outside.

When the weather and footing are bad This is the most obvious benefit of treadmill running, but it's important to include because elements effect every runner differently. It becomes really easy & comfortable when the weather outside is not suitable or when the roads/parks are in bad shape. Getting in a good workout on the treadmill is better than suffering through a bad run or getting hurt.

Simulating race courses while indoors One of the unique benefits of a treadmill is the ability to simulate your goal race course. Many of the more advanced treadmills allow you create your own unique course profile, which you can use to simulate the exact course you're training for. Just program the machine, or if you don't have that option, manually adjust the incline levels based on the course map, and you can train on the course any day of the week.

Fluid and carbohydrate intake As I've discussed many times, it's critical that you practice taking in fluids and carbohydrates on your runs to teach yourself how to eat and drink without stopping. Obviously, this can be a logistical nightmare if you don't plan on carrying your water or gels with you.

Running a tempo run or long run on the treadmill will allow you to practice eating and drinking without slowing down. While the treadmill won't make the actual act of eating or drinking any easier, it can make Health Now September 2015

RUNNING OUTDOORS it logistically possible.

Disadvantages of treadmill running versus outdoor running While running on the treadmill can have some unique advantages, it can also be detrimental to your long-term development if the only time you run outside is to race. Here are some specific areas you need to watch out for if you're a habitual treadmill runner:

You don't learn how to pace on a treadmill When running on a treadmill, it's easy to “set it and forget it” and just lock into a target pace.

Unfortunately, this method doesn't teach you how to properlyfind and maintain pace on your own. As a consequence, you stunt the development of your internal effort and pacing instincts. On race day, when executing race splits is critical, you won't have developed that fine sense of pacing that is crucial to running a negative split and finishing strong.

The treadmill is boring For the majority of runners, running on the treadmill is boring. Without scenery passing you by and something to take your mind off the blinking lights in front of you, it's too easy to look at the clock every 30 seconds and get discouraged that more time hasn't passed since your last glance. Likewise, when you're running a tough workout outside, you can “feel” the finish line getting closer and you have a more natural sense of the distance remaining. On a treadmill, your mind can't visualize the finish line, so it becomes harder to concentrate when the pace gets hard and you need to push yourself.

Health Now September 2015

RE IREMENT SYMBOLS

Invest in Health - Whether petrol prices rise or fall, you can be certain medical expenses will only keep rising. Research shows average treatment costs for cancer in Mumbai costs Rs. 6-lakhs plus, muscle injuries and fractures costs over Rs. 4 lakhs, while dengue and malaria can cost Rs. 1 lakh or more to cure.

Protect your Loved Ones - Tax saving aims at side benefit and is not the reason to buy life cover. We hesitate to be the ones to say it, but should you not be alive at this time next year, think of how much your family should get.

It's never too early to start saving for retirement or your children education If you start early enough, even a monthly investment of Rs.5,000 can work wonders!

Get Smart with Real Estate - Did you know living on rent in a posh locality may be smarter than purchasing a house there, if the expected property appreciation is less Health Now than 5% yearly?

September 2015

Type 2 diabetes does not show or have any Need for a Doctor arises when: symptoms. When symptoms occur, they are usually ignored as they don't seem serious. Symptoms in type 1 diabetes usually come on much more suddenly and You feel nauseated, weak, and excessively thirsty; are often severe. are urinating very frequently; have abdominal Common symptoms of diabetes include: pain · Excessive thirst and appetite You are breathing more deeply and rapidly than ·

Increased urination (sometimes as often as every hour)

·

Unusual weight loss or gain

·

Fatigue

·

Nausea perhaps vomiting

·

Blurred vision

·

In women, frequent vaginal infections

·

In men and women, yeast infections

·

Dry mouth

·

Slow-healing sores or cuts

normal -- perhaps with sweet breath that smells like nail polish remover -- you need immediate medical attention for ketoacidosis -- a potentially deadly complication of type 1 diabetes.

If you are having weakness or fainting spells; are experiencing a rapid heartbeat, trembling, and excessive sweating; and feel irritable, hungry, or suddenly drowsy. You could be developing hypoglycemia -- low blood sugar that can occur with diabetes treatment. Follow your treatment plan for what to do if you develop hypoglycemia

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Cataract A cataract is clouding of the lens of the eye, which impedes the passage of light. Most cataracts are related to ageing, although occasionally children may be born with the condition, or cataract may develop after an injury, inflammation or disease. Cataracts are clumps of protein that collect on the lens of the eye and interfere with vision.

Normally, light passes through the lens -the clear tissue behind the pupil -- and focuses on the retina. The retina is the lightsensitive layer of the eye that sends visual signals to the brain. A cataract happens when the clear lens becomes cloudy.

Most cataracts develop slowly over time and are a natural result of aging. Once cataracts become large enough that vision loss interferes with everyday activities, such as driving, reading, or watching television, they should be surgically removed.

Cataract removal is one of the most common operations performed . According to the National Eye Institute, roughly 90% of people who have cataract surgery have better vision afterward.

Ÿ Halo around lights Ÿ Being a woman Ÿ "Second sight" -- when a person who Ÿ Genetic diseases, such as Down

normally wears reading glasses can syndrome suddenly read without them Ÿ Certain medications, such as steroids Ÿ Brown spots in the visual field Ÿ An infection, such as rubella, during pregnancy Causes Ÿ Taking drugs during pregnancy A cataract develops when protein in the lens Ÿ Radiation therapy during pregnancy clumps together and blocks light from Ÿ HIV reaching the retina. Researchers don't know Ÿ Celiac disease what causes these proteins to clump Ÿ Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes together. But some think that cataracts may Ÿ Eye disorders, such as glaucoma develop due to chemical changes in the lens Ÿ High-voltage electrical injury that happen as people get older. Other Ÿ What to Expect at Your Doctor's Office researchers believe that there may be several causes of cataracts, including If you have symptoms of cataracts, you smoking, diabetes, and excessive exposure should see an eye care professional. The eye to sunlight. care provider can make a diagnosis and help determine which treatments are right for Types you. Ÿ Age-related cataracts Ÿ Congenital cataracts that are present at Diagnostic Tests birth or develop in early childhood, Ÿ Visual acuity test -- measures vision at usually in both eyes various distances Ÿ Secondary cataracts that develop in Ÿ Pupil dilation -- the pupil is widened people with medical conditions (such as with eye drops to reveal more of the lens diabetes) or in those who use steroids and retina Ÿ Traumatic cataracts that develop as a Ÿ Tonometry -- measures fluid pressure result of an eye injury. inside the eye

Signs and Symptoms Who's Most At Risk?

Treatment Options

Ÿ Decreased or blurred vision, often The following factors may increase a Prevention person's risk for developing cataracts: described as a fog Ÿ To avoid developing cataracts wear UVŸ Being older than 50 Ÿ Double vision blocking sunglasses and don't smoke.

Ÿ Some medications may help delay

cataracts from forming, particularly if you have diabetes or other high-risk conditions. But none can reverse the progression of cataracts once they form.

Drug Therapies Ÿ Eye drops containing phenylephrine and

homatropine may be prescribed to dilate the pupil and provide better vision. Ÿ Aldose reductase inhibitors may help prevent or delay cataracts in people with diabetes. Ÿ Antibiotics and steroid eye drops may be prescribed after cataract surgery.

Surgical and Other Procedures In its early stages, a cataract usually does not cause vision loss. However, over time, a cataract may grow larger and cloud over more of the lens, making it difficult to see.

When cataracts cause vision loss that interferes with everyday activities, such as driving, reading, or watching television, surgery is the only effective treatment.

During surgery, the cloudy lens is replaced with a substitute lens.

Your doctor may also recommend having cataract surgery if: Ÿ You have other eye conditions Ÿ The cataract threatens to cause another

eye disorder Ÿ The cataract prevents examination or

treatment for another eye problem Ÿ Complementary and Alternative

Therapies

There has been some study of antioxidants in the diet, too. In a clinical study, 35,551 women who did not have cataracts gave researchers detailed information on their antioxidant nutrient intake from food and supplements. During the study, 2,031 cases of cataracts were confirmed over an average of 10 years of follow up. The study suggested that higher dietary intakes of lutein (found in green vegetables, egg yolks, squash, corn, grapes, and orange juice) and vitamin E from food and supplements significantly reduced the risk of cataracts.

However, there's no proof that taking these nutrients as a supplement will help. In fact, one study found that high dose vitamin C and high dose vitamin E increased the risk of age-related cataracts.

clopidogrel(Plavix), or aspirin. Bilberry may also lower blood sugar. So people who take diabetes medications should ask their doctor before taking bilberry. People with low blood pressure, heart disease, or blood clots should not take bilberry. Do not take bilberry if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Homeopathy

Although few studies have examined the effectiveness of specific homeopathic therapies, professional homeopaths may consider certain remedies for the treatment of cataracts based on their knowledge and experience. Before prescribing a remedy, homeopaths take into account your constitutional type -- your physical, emotional, and psychological makeup. An experienced homeopath assesses all of In another study, people who ate more foods these factors when determining the most with protein, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, appropriate treatment for each individual. and vitamin A had fewer cataracts than those who ate less of these nutrients. Prognosis/Possible Complications Niacin, thiamin, and riboflavin are B vitamins. Again, the study looked at people who got the nutrients through food. Complications from surgery are rare. But Researchers don't know whether taking any they can include: of these vitamins as a supplement would help reduce the risk of cataracts. Ÿ Infection Ÿ Bleeding Herbs Ÿ Retinal detachment The use of herbs is a time-honored Ÿ Inflammation (pain, redness, swelling) approach to strengthening the body and Ÿ Loss of vision treating disease. However, herbs can trigger Ÿ Light flashes side effects and can interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, you should take herbs with With prompt medical attention, such care, under the supervision of a health care problems can usually be treated practitioner successfully.

A comprehensive treatment plan for cataracts may include a range of You may use herbs as dried extracts complementary and alternative therapies. (capsules, powders, teas), glycerites (glycerine extracts), or tinctures (alcohol Nutrition and Supplements extracts). Unless otherwise indicated, make While there are no supplements that will teas with 1 tsp. of herbs per cup of hot water. improve cataracts once you have them, Steep for 5 to 10 minutes for leaf or flowers, eating more antioxidant-rich foods may and 10 to 20 minutes for roots. Drink 2 to 4 help you maintain good eye health. Try cups per day. You may use tinctures alone green, leafy vegetables, peppers, cherries, or in combination. and berries, such as blueberries, blackberries, and raspberries. Berries B i l b e r r y ( V a c c i n i u m m y r t i l l u s ) contain high levels of beneficial standardized extract, 80 mg 2 to 3 times daily, is an antioxidant that has been used antioxidants for eye health. traditionally to reduce the risk of cataracts.

Eating fish may help prevent cataracts. In However, more studies are needed to one study, researchers found that women determine whether it is safe and effective. who ate fish 3 times a week rather than once Bilberry may increase the risk of bleeding, a month lowered their risk of cataracts by especially if you take blood-thinners such as warfarin (Coumadin), 11%.

Following Up A doctor may prescribe eye drops or medications to help healing and control the pressure inside the eye for a few days following surgery. You may need to wear an eye shield or eyeglasses. A doctor will schedule eye exams as needed to check on progress.

Globally, uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment; cataracts remain the leading cause of blindness in middle- and low-income countries.

The number of people visually impaired from infectious diseases has reduced in the last 20 years according to global estimates work.

80% of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Surgical Steps Standard Cataract Surgery Laser Cataract Surgery Surgeon uses a blade to manually make the corneal Surgeon uses an ultrasonic instrument to break apart the cataract into smaller pieces.

Surgeon manually makes an opening in the front of the lens (capsulorhexis).

Surgeon removes the cataract with an ultrasonic probe and suction.

Surgeon inserts a new lens through the same microincision.

Magnitude According to the latest assessment, cataract is responsible for 51% of world blindness, which represents about 20 million people (2010). Although cataracts can be surgically removed, in many countries barriers exist that prevent patients to access surgery. Cataract remains the leading cause of blindness. As people in the world live longer, the number of people with cataract is anticipated to grow. Cataract is also an important cause of low vision in both developed and developing countries.

Prevention and treatment Reduction of cigarette smoking and ultraviolet light exposure may prevent or delay the development of cataract. Diabetes mellitus and high body mass index are identified as additional risk factors.

The treatment of cataract is surgical and very successful in restoring sight. The opaque lens is removed and replaced by an artificial intraocular lens. In many remote parts of the developing world, people remain blind from cataract, due to a lack of access to eye care.

Health Now September 2015

First Aid management of High BP Hypertension is defined as sustained elevation of systemic arterial pressure beyond 140/90 mmHg in an adult. It is usually a chronic medical condition, which leads to damage the blood vessels of various organs including brain, heart, kidney, eye etc. Management of a hypertensive individual includes maintenance of optimal blood pressure as well as routine screening and attending to its secondary adverse effects on organs.

Hypertension is graded as following according to its severity Category

Systolic (mmHg)

Diastolic(mmHg)

Normal

<120

<80

Pre-hypertension

120-139

80-89

Grade 1 hypertension

140-159

90-99

Grade 2 hypertension

160-179

100-110

Grade 3 hypertension

>180

>110

Isolated systolic hypertension

>140

>90

Hypertension can be broadly classified in to two groups, • Primary (essential) – hypertension without underlying identifiable cause. 90- 95% of all hypertensive individuals belong to this category.

the blood vessels all over the body affecting many systems and bringing about severe consequences.

Causes of hypertensive crisis– • Missing doses of blood pressure medication • Stroke • Renal failure • Heart failure • Pre – eclampsia and eclampsia in pregnant.

Signs and symptoms of hypertensive crisis• Most of the time asymptomatic • Lightheadedness • Vertigo and dizziness • Severe headache • Severe chest pain • Shortness of breathing • Nausea and vomiting • Tinnitus • Fainting episodes • Seizures • Severe anxiety • Loss of consciousness • Other symptoms related to secondary condition.

• Secondary – hypertension arises due to an underlying medical condition (e.g. kidney disease, SLE, blood vessel diseases etc.). 5-10% of hypertensives belong to this category.

These symptoms are non – specific and rarely indicate hypertension as a cause. But first aid training courses should emphasize the value of measuring blood pressure in individuals claim to have these symptoms.

Simple handheld electronic blood pressure monitors can be used for this task at community level.

Though hypertension runs a chronic cause in majority; sometimes blood pressure goes out of control, rapidly rising over 180/120mmHg within a short time. This is called a hypertensive crisis. Unlike chronically elevated blood pressure this accelerated phase rapidly damages

Before measurement of blood pressure patient should rest for 20 minutes. Patient should be seated or lying down with correct sized blood pressure cuff applied to upper arm at the level of heart.

Health Now September 2015

Consequences of hypertensive crisis• Heart attack • Heart failure • Kidney damage/failure • Transient ischemic attack • Stroke – due to rupture of brain aneurysms.

• Progressive vision loss • Pulmonary edema – fluid buildup on lungs • Convulsions • Loss of consciousness The primary modality of hypertensive crisis treatment is aggressive intravenous anti – hypertensive medication in order to bring blood pressure down. This is carried out in hospital following referral to urgent medical attention in these patients.

Still there is some place in first aid measures that can be used to prevent/manage these complications while waiting for medical help to arrive; increasing the chances of the patient to make a complete recovery without any morbidity.

First aid management-

4. Keep monitoring breathing, pulse rate, blood pressure, level of consciousness and for any other dangerous signs ( e.g. paralysis of body in stroke, convulsions etc.)

5. Do not allow them to walk about, accompany the patient if it is really needed. Watch out for falls.

6. If the patient is vomiting or having seizures, turn to lateral side to prevent aspiration.

7. If patient complains of difficulty in breathing, prop him/her up using pillows behind upper back.

8. Do not give anything by mouth to eat/drink if there is suspicion of stroke.

9. Specially avoid caffeine or alcohol containing beverages.

10. Meanwhile look for possible cause for hypertensive crisis. If the patient is a known hypertensive and missed medication, consult doctor over the phone and give a dose of medications if instructed.

1. Reassure the patient and call for medical help.

2. Make him/her to lie on the bed and rest adequately.

3. Try to comfort and reduce anxiety, as anxiety alone can increase blood pressure.

11. If breathing is unsatisfactory go for basic life support.

Mouth to mouth breathing and CPR if needed.

Health Now September 2015

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is for Broccoli and for blissful health. This popular vegetable has a wide variety of nutritional and medicinal benefits, including its ability to prevent many types of cancer, improve our digestive system, lower cholesterol, detoxify the body, maximize vitamin and mineral uptake, prevent allergic reactions, boost the immune system, protect the skin, prevent birth defects, lower blood pressure, eliminate inflammation, and improve vision and ocular health.

4. Powerful Antioxidant Of all the cruciferous vegetables, broccoli stands out as the most concentrated source of vitamin C, plus the flavonoids necessary for vitamin C to recycle effectively. Also concentrated in broccoli are the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene, other powerful antioxidants.

5. Bone Health Broccoli contains high levels of both calcium and The health benefits of broccoli are derived from the vitamin K, both of which are important for bone health unique mixture of nutrients, organic compounds, and prevention of osteoporosis. minerals, and vitamins that are found in broccoli. These include significant amounts of vitamin C, vitamin K, 6. Heart Health dietary fiber, folate, potassium, selenium, vitamin A, The anti-inflammatory properties of sulforaphane, manganese, tryptophan, vitamin B6, and phosphorus. In one of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) in broccoli, may be terms of unique organic compounds, broccoli is a rich able to prevent (or even reverse) some of the source of phytonutrient glucosinolates, flavonoids, and damage to blood vessel linings that can be caused by various other antioxidant compounds that boost our inflammation due to chronic blood sugar problems. health in a major way!

7. Detoxification Glucoraphanin, gluconasturtiin and glucobrassicin Health Benefits of Broccoli are special phytonutrients that support all steps in the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s detox process, including activation, 1. Cancer Prevention neutralization and elimination of unwanted Broccoli contains glucoraphanin, which the body processes into the anti-cancer compound sulforaphane. contaminants. These three are in the perfect This compound rids the body of H. pylori, a bacterium combination in broccoli. Broccoli also contains found to highly increase the risk of gastric cancer. isothiocyanates (which you read about in Furthermore, broccoli contains indole-3-carbinol, a inflammation) which help control the detox process at powerful antioxidant compound and anti-carcinogen a genetic level. found to not only hinder the growth of breast, cervical and 8. Diet Aid prostate cancer, but also boosts liver function.

Broccoli is a smart carb and is high in fiber, which aids Broccoli shares these cancer fighting, immune boosting in digestion, prevents constipation, maintains low properties with other cruciferous vegetables such as blood sugar, and curbs overeating. Furthermore, a cup of broccoli has as much protein as a cup of rice or cauliflower, Brussels sprouts and cabbage. corn with half the calories.

2. Cholesterol Reduction Like many whole foods, broccoli is packed with soluble 9. Alkalizes Your Body Like many vegetables, broccoli helps keep your fiber that draws cholesterol out of your body. whole body less acidic, which has a host of health benefits.

3. Reducing Allergy Reaction and Inflammation Broccoli is a particularly rich source of kaempferol and isothiocyanates, both anti-inflammatory phyto nutrients .

Nutritional Value of Broccoli

Health Now September 2015

Happiness Science

but happy that you have experienced it. Previous studies

Human emotions are governed by a complex mix of chemicals and suggested that we only had six emotions of movement, but electricity - learn all about our moody biology now... certain areas also light up in response to positive emotional

The human brain weighs Just over a kilogram (22 pounds) and plays host to an estimated 86 billion neurons, and at least as many supporting glial cells. Signals are transmitted along each nerve electrically, by gradients of charged ions, and each neuron makes hundreds of connections to those around it.

At each of the 300 trillion synapses in the human brain, chemicals known as neurotransmitters relay messages from one nerve to another. Each neurotransmitter has a set of corresponding receptors, which can be activatory or inhibitory, helping nerves to fire, or suppressing their activity. This enormous chemical and electrical system provides the complex network that enables us to feel emotion, from the all-consuming addiction of love, to the raw devastation of grief.

A notable area of the brain when it comes to mood is the limbic system - a small cluster of interconnected regions involved in memory storage and decision-making. The limbic system is directly connected to the olfactory bulb, which processes incoming smell signals from the nose, providing the biological link that allows odours to recall a memory. The nucleus accumbens links the limbic system to other areas of the brain also involved in the processing of emotion. For instance, the basal ganglia, at the base of the forebrain, has been well studied for its role in the planning and coordination.

Research has found that we may have as many as 21 distinct and complex emotional expressions. Hybrid emotions include being 'angrily surprised' or 'happily disgusted' and appear when conflicting feelings are experienced simultaneously.

For instance, you may be sad because something has ended

stimuli and are thought to be involved in reward and reinforcement. Damage to part of the basal ganglia, known as the ventral pallidum, causes anhedonia- the inability to experience pleasure. The orbitofrontal cortex, located above the eyes, also activates in response to positive experiences, and is thought to play a role in evaluating reward versus punishment. Another approach to the study of complex emotions like happiness is to break them down into smaller parts. Pleasure is evolutionarily ancient and is based on a chemical reward system that acts as a biological incentive to repeat beneficial behaviour. There are several 'reward pathways' in the brain, but the most studied is the mesolimbic pathway.

Can we fake a smile?

Faking emotions is harder than it seems. Humans are social animals and have evolved extremely good facial recognition skills - so if something isn't quite right, we are quick to notice.

The muscles around our mouths are under fine voluntary nerve control, which not only provides the range of motion required for speech, but also enables us to fake a smile. But people are not easily deceived. Facial expressions involve a multitude of subtle, involuntary muscle movements, and recreating them is incredibly difficult. The forehead and eyebrows are particularly challenging, as the muscles are mostly under subconscious control. It is hard to achieve the same expression with voluntary muscle contraction, and our eyes are often the biggest giveaway when a smile isn't genuine.

The emotion control centre

Hypothala mus The limbic s y s t e m influences the rest of the body through nerve and hormone signals transmitted via the hypothalam u s a n d pituitary gland.

Fornix This bundle of nerve axons carries signals from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.

Amygdala These two almond-shaped bundles of brain cells co-ordinate the behavioural and physiological response to incoming emotional stimuli, particularly fear and anxiety.

Health Now September 2015

Hippocamp us The two horns of the hippocampu s a r e involved in converting short-term memory to long-term memory.

Emotional messengers Dopamine This neurotransmitter feeds the reward pathway in the brain and is involved in motivation, drive, pleasure and addiction. Abnormally high levels of dopamine are linked to loss of contact with reality, delusions and lack of emotion, while low levels are linked to addictive behaviour and risk taking.

Noradrenaline Related to adrenaline, this neurotransmitter is a stress hormone that co-ordinates the fight-or-flight response. It mediates many of the physical components of emotion, including raised heart rate, and also acts in the brain to enhance alertness, cognition and decision-making behaviour.

GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the brain's main _ inhibitory neurotransmitter. It subdues nerve transmission, allowing neurons time to recover. Increased GABA activity reduces anxiety and stress.

Serotonin First recognised for its ability to constrict blood vessels, serotonin has since become widely regarded as the 'happiness hormone'. Chemically known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), increasing the serotonin level in the brain is the main goal of medical antidepressants.

Beta-endorphin Endorphins are natural opioids, produced in response to pain, excitement and exercise (pictured).

Beta-endorphin binds to the same mu receptors as pain-relieving morphine.

Present on nerves in the brain and spinal cord, they modulate neural activity, causing mild sedation, relieving pain and inducing joy

Oxytocin Often described as the 'bonding hormone' or 'love hormone', oxytocin is unique to mammals. Although research is still in its infancy, oxytocin is thought to play a role in intimacy, childbirth, sexual arousal, trust and pair bonding.

Thyr care Significance of Basic Tests

Cholesterol Profile : Though lipids are important for survival, their high values can lead to blockage of the various blood vessels, which ultimately results in various body dysfunctions including heart failure.

Early detection is hence advisable to keep your cholesterol under check and heart healthy.

Liver Profile : Liver also known as body's chemical factory, performs several functions ranging from converting complex molecules to simpler units to synthesis of immunoglobulins and various other biomolecules essential for fighting infection and toxic injury.

Liver Profile measures various molecules in the blood reflectingwhether the liver is functioning normally or not thereby helping us to measure the liver injury.

Kidney Profile : The kidney plays an important role in maintaining the fluid and electrolyte balance by retaining the required substances andexcreting undesired substances in the form of urine and thus maintaining the pH, for the optimum functioning of the body. It also plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure by reabsorption and excretion of electrolytes and regulates the workload on heart.

Health Now September 2015

Thyrocare is India's first fully automated diagnostic laboratory with a focus on providing quality at affordable costs to laboratories and hospitals in India and other countries.

Thyroid Profile : The principal function of the thyroid gland is the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, Thyroxin (T4) and Tri-Iodothyronine (T3), which circulate in the body through the blood stream and aid in overall body metabolism. The synthesis and secretion of these two hormones is controlled by another hormone called TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) from pituitary gland.

The values of Thyroid function tests help in evaluating function of the thyroid gland hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

The signs and symptoms of Thyroid disorders are: • swelling in the neck • difficulty in swallowing •intolerance to cold • fatigue • hoarse voice • dry skin •mood swings • depression • forgetfulness • heavy menstrual periods.

Hemogram :

Hemogram means a complete story of Blood Components in terms of various Blood Cells in their sizes, volumes and counts. It is also called as Complete Blood Count (CBC) which is very common and important laboratory test Iron Deficiency Profile : for all major diseases in their initial Deficiency of iron is important to detect, diagnosis. In this study depending upon as it can lead to anemia.

Anemia is nothing, but inadequate the analyzer used, one can give from 5 supply of oxygen to the cells,which is to 15 various blood parameters like Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells (RBC), indicated by hemoglobin level. and White Blood Cells (WBC) which has Lymphocytes, Monocytes,

Leukemia, Iron-deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency etc.

Hence, Hemogram is a very basic and useful test to assess basic well being of a person

Vitamin D : Estimates suggest that over one third of the world’s population suffers from anemia, with India to be one of the countries with very high prevalence. It is seen that 70-80% in children, 70% in pregnant women and 24% in adult men in India have basic deficiency of minerals and vitamins which make them anemic.

We need Vitamin D for strong bones.

Vitamin D allows the body to absorb calcium. Without it, the bones become brittle and weak. In adults, too little Vitamin D can lead to malformed bones and osteoporosis. In children, Vitamin D deficiency causes many cases of rickets - a bone disease.

HbA1c (Glucose Memory Test) : Blood sugar testing which is quite commonly used for Diabetes detection is not however, ideal to monitor a patient's control over Diabetes. HbA1c or Glycosylated Hemoglobin test provides a precise and a broader picture of your overall glucose control for the last 90 days. It is the measure of glucose which is bound to the hemoglobin (inside RBCs) in an irreversible manner and hence would be present as long as the life of the RBC. The American Diabetes Association advises this test mandatory every year four times for a diabetic patient..

Health Now September 2015

INDIA'S FIRST AND WORLD'S LONGEST

Total Laboratory Automation (Siemens).

Serves a billion population through authorised service providers across 700 cities

Serves 200 client brands across 200 cities

Serves 4.5 crore tests in a year PIONEER

Serves a hundred thousand doctors across the country

UNIQUE CONCEPT UNIQUE OPERATIONS Our laboratory works 24 x 7 to cater to the needs of our customers.

Single laboratory with 1,20,000 sq. ft. of floor space which performs the investigations for a billion population.

UNIQUE FOCUS We focus on clinical chemistry and preventive care diagnosis.

UNIQUE AIR-CARGO LOGISTICS Ensures the samples reach our laboratory every night, same night, before midnight.

India's First preanalytical barcoded vial sorter (MUT) and Sample Sorter (Roche).

Health Now September 2015

Deafness

World Day of Deaf is celebrated every year on the last Sunday of September to create awareness about deafness and how deaf people can contribute to the society.

According to WHO, there are 360 million persons in the world with disabling hearing loss. Disabling hearing loss is defined as: Adults (15 years and older): hearing loss greater than 40 decibels (dB) in the better hearing ear; Children (0 – 14 years of age): hearing loss greater than 30 dB in the better hearing ear.

Deafness refers to the loss of hearing in one or both ears. Hearing loss can be either complete or partial. It is one of the most common problems. Nearly one out of every three persons over 65 are affected by hearing loss. There is a large percentage of hearing impaired young people in India which results in severe loss of productivity.

Any sounds over 80 dB are considered hazardous with prolonged exposure. These include things like loud music, sirens and engines. Hearing loss can be caused due to damage to auditory nerve or inner ear. This can lead to a permanent hearing loss. It can also occur as a result of earwax build-up, fluid, or a punctured eardrum which might further lead to inability of sound waves to reach the inner ear.

FAQs What is ear discharge? Ÿ Ear discharge is drainage of ear wax, blood, pus, or any other fluids from the ear.

What should I do in case of ear discharge? Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

In case of an ear discharge: Don’t let water enter into the ear Don’t put oil or any other liquid in the ear Clean the discharge with a soft cloth.

Blood or foul smells in discharge are symptoms of serious diseases.

Continuous discharge from ear may cause deafness. Consult the doctor at the earliest.

Why should we take care of our ears?

Ears are one of the sensory organs and hearing power is one such medium which connects us with the world.

Health Now September 2015

World Day of Deaf

Last Sunday of September

Tips to prevent hearing loss

Avoid inserting sharp objects in the ear Avoid noisy places Turn down the volume of TV, stereo, especially the headset on the music player Do not use any kind of oil or liquid into your ears unless advised by a doctor Never go to road side quacks/unqualified person for your ear cleaning Consult your doctor at earliest if you feel there is any problem with your hearing

When can you suspect that someone has a hearing problem?

When a person does not react to the sound stimuli. They are not able to comprehend others speech, they ask others to speak loudly and even ask them to repeat what they said.

What can I do to keep my ears clean?

Ears are self cleaning organs and do not require any kind of active cleaning. It is advisable to clean the ears only from outside. Do not insert any kind of object to clean your ears, until prescribed by the doctor.

Can I use traditional remedies in case of ear problems?

No. It can cause damage to ear drum, thereby causing serious ear infections.

I am a music lover and I am addicted to listening music through earphones, is it harmful?

The risk of hearing loss increases if the music is loud and is played for long duration. Continuous exposure to loud sound can damage hearing. It is advisable to play the music at low volume with breaks in case you are using earphones.

When should I consult the doctor in case of an ear

Causes of Deafness Ÿ Infections including ear

infection, meningitis etc. Ÿ Ageing Ÿ Earwax build-up Ÿ Occupational hazards (

Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

those who are working in noisy areas) Trauma Heredity Certain medicines Ear disease Long-term exposure to loud noise

problem?

In case you feel: Ÿ Pain in the ear, Ÿ Notice some discharge from the ear or Incur hearing loss, you should immediately consult the doctor How should I communicate with a person who is suffering from a hearing defect?

Sign language facilitates communication with deaf people. There are various institutes which offer courses in sign language to cover the gap of communication between deaf and hearing person.

Health Now September 2015

Independent ridge A long ridge which isn't connected to any others.

Dot Similar to the independent ridge in that it isn't connected to any other ridges, but it's much shorter.

Bifurcation Looking like a fork, this is where a ridge naturally splits into two.

Enclosure This is where two ridges split, then rejoin, forming an enclosed loop.

Fingerprints offer a reliable means of personal identification. That is the essential explanation for fingerprints having replaced other methods of establishing the identities of criminals reluctant to admit previous arrests.Other visible human characteristics such as facial features tend to change with age, but fingerprints are relatively persistent.

What the experts are looking for when trying to match a print.

Loops This pattern will rise up at an angle, curve over and swoop back down, returning back to the starting point of the pattern.

Whorls These are individual rings, each one encircling the one inside it. Just over a third of fingerprints look like this.

Arches The least common of all fingerprints, these look a bit like a hill, swooping up from the left, then down toward the right.

The process of fingerprinting 1. Collection Fingerprints can be found in several ways. The most common is taking a high-resolution photograph of a print that is already visible. However, if no prints are visible at a scene, investigators can dust surfaces with powders such as aluminium flakes, take pictures, then collect them by sticking tape onto the powdery surface and removing them along with the imprint. An alternate light source (ALS) can be used in a darkened room.

2. Processing The print is fed into a computer, which analyses the patterns and tries to find a match with any on its database. If any matches are flagged, fingerprint experts examine the two images by eye.

3. Decision Examiners use the ACE-V method in fingerprint analysis, which stands for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation and Verification. The first stage is to establish if there is enough of a print in terms of quality or quantity to verify a match. After that, they look at images of the print and the potential match to see if they are similar. If it's decided that they do match closely enough, the final stage is to bring in a second examiner to perform the same process for verification.

SCHOOL BUS SAFETY MESS

Health Now September 2015

Many of the things we need can wait. The child cannot.

To him, we cannot answer ''Tomorrow''. His name is ''Today''

Same goes with safety especially child to introduce road safety in the school and workshops, safety too. Safety lessons should begin curriculum from the next academic b e s i d e s m o c k p l a y s a n d l i v e s e s s i o n . from childhood. It is difficult to impart demonstrations regarding traffic rules to sensitize the students from now on," awareness to a grownup human, but easy Some of the themes for the contest include said a schoolteacher. It is learnt that the for a child; hence, road safety should be over-speeding, overloading, drunk driving, new curriculum will include chapters on use of helmets and cyclists' safety. The made a mandatory subject for school competition is being jointly organized by traffic signs, highway codes, road projects for students of all classes.

CBSE and Union Ministry of Road norms, traffic hazards and overall safety.

Twenty children under the age of 14 die T r a n s p o r t a n d H i g h w a y s .

According to the Motor Vehicles Act, every day due to road accidents in India.

Worse, child deaths in road accidents have "Road safety is a serious issue. Involving 1988, there are no prescribed clauses increased in 2013 with a 9 per cent rise in students in a national film making contest for protection of children during road fatalities of female children. Child with short films on themes related to road commute. deaths due to road accidents are also four safety will be very fruitful. Students are 路Only a Supreme Court judgment looking forward to it. times higher than murder and infanticide. and AIS Standards (AIS063:2005 Requirement for According to CBSE officials, the theme S chool Buses) regulate While the figures point to a disturbing of road safety will be initially construction, maintenance and trend, Save LIFE Foundation, an incorporated in various subjects such operation of school buses. independent advocacy group working as Hindi, English and Science and around road safety and protection of 路Additionally, there are no students from class VI to X will be given children while commuting, has demanded statutes or guidelines for lessons on it. The books and the protection of children on the that the Central Board of Secondary syllabus will be prepared jointly by road while going to or coming Education and State Boards be mandated International Road Federation (IRF) from school. by law to include in their curriculum a and Institute of Road Traffic Education school road safety programme targeted at 路There are no child-helmet or (IRTE). The proposal is said to be children. child seats requirements in India currently being reviewed by the Union and adults treating the child's HRD ministry and National Council of Taking a note of rise in road accidents, a safety callously are rarely Educational Research and Training sizable number of which involve punished. ( N C E R T ) . youngsters, the Central Board of Since children are vulnerable road Secondary Education (CBSE) is planning "There would be compulsory seminars users, there should be special rules

Health Now September 2015

and regulations to ensure their safety, Initially, road safety chapter will be noted a release issued by the included in 4 subjects for classes VI Foundation.

to X —

Globally children have Social Science, special rules and regulations by which they Hindi, English and are protected. ·

Child restraints in cars

·

Child seat and

·

Higher penalty for traffic offences involving children.

Education awareness is one of the main lacking criterions for the alarming statistics today.

Curriculum drafts are prepared by International Road Federation (IRF) with help from Institute of Road Traffic Education (IRTE) school teachers for inclusion in academic year 2015-16.

Drafts have been sent to National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), CBSE and Union Human Resource Minister, Smriti Irani for evaluation and incorporation said K.K.Kapila, Chairman, International Road Federation (IRF) . ·

Math.

A team of experienced teachers from Delhi schools, and illustrators to design the chapters have been given responsibility of the new curriculum inclusion. Upon approval from CBSE Curriculum committee, road safety chapters will be integrated into the existing curriculum.

Committee will try and include road safety in other subjects such as geometry, geography and science, among others. Road Safety will be integrated almost in all subjects with no extra classes so students know how to cross a street safely and correctly.

Lessons will include understanding traffic signs, highway codes, road norms, traffic hazards and safety on roads among others.

Iit's a great initiative in educating next

gen about traffic safety norms. A chapter on road safety will help to reduce accidents in the Capital if trained teachers can teach traffic lessons to students. Mock plays, Action songs and live demonstration will be part of the curriculum.

All schools must observe Road Safety Week every year, with competitions on posters, essay, slogans, stories and skits. Videos, computer games involving motor racing and involving heroes with risky riding should be controlled /banned by the Government and discouraged by the parents as it would develop racing habit in children.

The children are likely Include road safety in school syllabus to imitate the characters in the videos/computer games.

All the states must prepare and issue school-bus safety rules and regulations and follow it up strictly with random checks. School heads, teachers, school bus owner, contractor, RTO and the children must cooperate in following the school-bus safety norms throu gh me etin g s a nd au dits.

Maharashtra state has framed the Maharashtra Motor vehicles (Regulations for School bus) Rule, 2011, and started implementing it.

Health Now September 2015

Aminotransferases in general (AST, ALT) (Transaminitis)

non-specific ·

·

Sharpest rise associated with biliary and

Generally associated with Hepatocellular

hepatic obstruction

damage ·

Generally not associated with cholestasis

·

Ratio of AST and ALT can be useful in

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) ·

differential ·

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) catalyses conversion of nitrogenous portion of amino

ALT is more specific for liver damage than

acid. It is essential to energy production in

AST

Krebs cycle.

AST: ALT =1

·

AST is released into serum in proportion to

·Associated with ischaemia (CCF and

cellular damage and most elevated in acute

ischaemic necrosis and hepatitis)

phase of cellular necrosis.

AST: ALT >2.5

·

Found in decreasing levels in: (Relatively low organ specificity)

Ÿ Associated with Alcoholic hepatitis

·

Ÿ Alcohol induced deficiency of pyridoxal

brain, pancreas, red blood cells

phosphate AST: ALT <1

Liver, cardiac, skeletal muscle, kidney,

·

Useful in the detection and differential diagnosis of hepatic disease

· High rise in ALT specific for Hepatocellular ·

damage

Monitor patients with cardiac and hepatic disease – levels are dependent

· Paracetamol OD with hepatocellular necrosis

on stage of disease

· Viral hepatitis, ischaemic necrosis, toxic hepatitis

AST Levels below are for the peak of disease Elevation with cholestasis (ALP, GGT) ·

Serum level >20 x normal

ALP ·

Severe skeletal muscle trauma

·

Acute viral hepatitis

·

Toxic hepatitis (Drug induced hepatic

Ÿ Primarily associated with cholestasis and

malignant hepatic infiltration Ÿ Marker of rapid bone turnover and extensive

injury)

bony metastasis ·

GGT

Ischaemic hepatitis (Severe passive liver congestion (CCF))

Sensitive to alcohol ingestion · ·

Marker of Hepatocellular damage but

Serum level 10-20 times normal

·

·

Health Now September 2015

·

CVS (Severe myocardial infarction)

necrosis

·

Infection (Infectious mononucleosis)

·

Absolute value is of NO prognostic significance

·

Liver (Alcoholic cirrhosis)

·

Very high serum ALT

Serum level 5-10 times normal ·

Liver (Chronic hepatitis)

·

Skeletal muscle

·

Hepatocellular injury

·

Usually associated with much lower rise in AST

AST: ALT <1

·

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

·

Dermatomyositis

·

Viral hepatitis

·

Influenza B calf myositis in

·

Severe toxic hepatitis

children

·

Ischaemic hepatitis (Shock, hypotension, CCF)

Serum levels 2-5 times normal ·

Moderate to high levels of ALT

·

Blood (Haemolytic anaemia, haemolysis)

·

Liver (Fatty liver, Metastatic hepatic

·

Infection – Infectious mononucleosis

tumour)

·

Liver – Chronic hepatitis and

·

intrahepatic cholestasis

Other: ·

·

Pulmonary embolus, Alcoholic

cardiac failure

delirium tremens, Acute pancreatitis, IM injection, Strenuous physical exercise ·

· ·

Drugs ·

·

Cardiac –Severe hepatic congestion in

Other – Acute passage of gallstone

Slight to moderate increase in ALT ·

Opiates, Erythromycin,

Usually associated with much higher rise in AST

Sulphonamides, anti-tubercular

·

AST: ALT ratio >2.5

Large doses of paracetamol,

·

Classically associated with alcoholic liver

aspirin, vitamin A

disease ·

Liver: acute Hepatocellular injury

·

Alcoholic hepatitis

·

Active cirrhosis

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ·

Alanine Aminotransferase catalyses reversible amine group transfer in Krebs cycle.

·

Unlike AST, it is mainly in liver cells and is a

Drugs causing elevation in ALT

relatively specific indicator of Hepatocellular

·

Paracetamol overdose (AST and ALT)

damage. It is released early in liver damage and

·

Phenothiazines, chlorpromazine

·

Barbiturates

·

Tetracycline, isoniasid, nitrofurantoin

remain elevated for weeks Interpretation of ALT levels ·

·

Levels are NOT related to degree of liver cell

Health Now September 2015

·

Morphine, codeine (Increasing

·

Hepatic tumour (SOL)

intrabiliary pressure) (AST and ALT)

·

Viral hepatitis

·

Infectious mononucleosis

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) · ·

Alkaline Phosphatase is actually up to 60

Released to serum from placenta in late

different isoenzymes, collectively measured as

pregnancy

ALP · ·

Pregnancy (non-pathological) –

Electrophoresis is required to determine the

Bone(Usually non-pathological in children)

exact type elevated – ·

Osteomalacia

·

Bone metastasis

·

Pagets disease

·

Deficiency induced Ricket's

·

Adolescents and children with

especially if isolated elevation ·

ALP Influence: Bone calcification and lipid and metabolite transport

·

ALP is produced by ·

Bile cannalicular membrane of

rapid bone growth

hepatocytes · ·

·

Bone, placenta, small intestine

– released form small intestine after

Elevated ALP is often associated with biliary

fatty meal

obstruction with cholestasis – and usually before a rise in bilirubin Interpretation of ALP levels ·

·

Commonest causes of a marked rise in ALP ·

Causes of an increased ALP

·

Liver (Usually indicates cholestasis or obstruction) – Sensitive indicator of mild biliary obstruction

Blood type O and B (Non-pathological)

·

Complete biliary obstruction ·

Malignancy

·

Infection

Extensive bone metastasi – Pancreatic associated with isolated ALP rise (no ALT)

· ·

Hyperparathyroidism

·

necessity for Hepatocellular

Causes of isolated rise in ALP ·

damage)

CCF (Often associated with AST and ·

ALT rise) ·

Hodgkin's

·

IBD

·

Diabetes

·

Hyperthyroidism

·

Cardiac disease (Increase 5-10 days after AMI)

Rapid increase in GGT ·

Obstructive jaundice

·

Hepatic metastatic infiltration (usually

Hypomagnesaemia, HYPOphosphatemia

·

Pancreatitis, Brain tumours, Renal disease, Prostatic disease

Causes of a low ALP ·

Other ·

· ·

Following alcohol ingestion (No

with obstruction

Protein deficiency Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) · ·

·

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is

reversible conversion of lactic acid to pyruvic

associated with transfer of amino acids

acid. The final step in Embden-Meyerhoff

across cell membranes

pathway, providing bridge to Krebs cycle and thus cellular energy

It is produced in the renal tubules, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, lymphocytes,

·

brain, testes ·

It is found in most body tissues and includes 5 main isoenzymes which can be helpful diagnostically

GGT is most useful when looking for Hepatocellular damage

·

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyses the

More sensitive than ALP and AST – but

·

LD1 and LD2 – Heart, RBC, kidneys

·

LD3 – Lungs

·

LD4 and LD5 – Liver and skeletal

much less specific ·

Particularly sensitive to effects of

muscle

alcohol on liver · ·

Increased production of GGT as ductal

liver, lung, hematological disorders

enzymosis, with increased enzymes produced in response to Hepatocellular

Increased levels of serum GGT ·

Increased LDH CVS (LD 1 and 2) – AMI +/- hepatic congestion ·

Liver ·

·

·

damage ·

LDH is most useful in monitoring injury heart,

Rheumatic carditis, Myocarditis, CCF, Shock

Response to any Hepatocellular injury

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Gingivitis is an infection that is an early sign of gum disease. It occurs when plaque builds up between the teeth and gums. Plaque is a layer that sticks to your teeth from food, germs and mucus. Over time this build up can lead to infection of the gums.

The gums often do not hurt with gingivitis, but treatment is very important. Gingivitis is more common in people who do not brush or floss their teeth often. If it is not treated, the infection will happen again and may cause serious gum disease or tooth loss.

Signs • Red and swollen gums • Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss • Gums that are tender when touched • Receding gums Your Care See your dentist if you have any signs.

Your dentist will clean and remove plaque from your teeth. To prevent gingivitis, brush and floss your teeth at least two times each day to remove plaque before it builds up.

See your dentist every 6months to have your teeth checked and cleaned.

Gingivitis

Bottle Feeding

Bottle feeding with formula will meet your baby’s food needs. Your doctor will help decide which formula is right for your baby. Never give milk from cows or goats to a baby during the first year.

Types of Formula • Ready to feed formulas need no mixing.

Pour the formula into a clean bottle. Use ready to feed formula if you are unsure about the quality of your water.

Once opened, use the formula within 48 hours.

This type of formula costs the most.

• Liquid concentrate formula needs to be mixed with equal parts of water. Once mixed, use this formula within 48 hours. This formula costs less than ready to feed.

• Powdered formula needs to be mixed with water. Once mixed, use this formula within 24 hours. This type of formula costs the least.

Water from your tap is often clean enough to use unless it is supplied by a well or your house has old plumbing. Old plumbing may contain lead.

Lead poisoning can cause brain damage in your baby. If you have well water or old plumbing, have the water tested every year. You may need to use bottled water for your baby.

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

s

s

uccess is the most inspiring thing to each task. In todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s world success is the most sought after thing whether it be professionals or amateurs from all walks of life.

Success is a feeling of satisfaction, a desire fulfilled, being on cloud nine, a triumphant emotion, a lovely prose, a boosting dose.......

Being successful has deeper meaning.

Though it is being confused with being rich, living lavish lifestyle, having an army of servants and what not.

To most people success remains a mystery all their life. They never realize its true meaning i.e. living a peaceful, healthy, forgiving & spiritual life.

Here are super six success secrets to keep harmony with your life by spurts & recession breakdowns respectively. achieving the real success.

Most top CEOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spend a good amount of time with family and most of them Setting up the goals believe its their family that provides t Most people focus on Material needs h e m t h e s h e l t e r d u r i n g t h e only. They want to lead a luxurious life b r e a kd o w n s & e n e r g y d u r i n g like having fancy cars, beautiful houses progression. etc. That is not a problem. The problem lies with the planning. If you want to Spiritual beliefs lead a successful luxurious life, you need to plan properly by setting up the A person must be very clear on his goals and working in that direction. spiritual beliefs, which is very important Setting goals and working to execute to be successful and to maintain the the same helps in giving the benefits of same. People, who do not believe in God, maintain clear logics for the same success at the right time. and evaluate spirituality from their view point. Spirituality does not mean Searching updates worshiping idols, it's a feeling of trust, bond & understanding. It can be found For being successful in life, one needs to have a vast knowledge by gathering it in books, music, gurus and even a stone. from various sources like books, It's a belief basically that these things communication with people, internet will help me become stronger physically etc. Working hard, enhancing your & mentally. knowledge and keeping it updated, you Though there is a thick line of are more likely to grab more demarcation between spirituality and superstitions but plenty of educated lot opportunities than before. is still able to make out. The most basic differentiation between the two is true Spending quality time Everybody wants to be with successful spirituality never requires monetary people. Successful people know how support and superstitions does. much time to spend with whom and for Another difference is that true what kind of work. Unnecessary talks spirituality never announces a person and wastage of time is avoided. as God whereas superstitions will make Spending time with family is particularly you believe God is just in front of you.

uper

Health Now September 2015

6

uccess ecrets

Saving Time

Time has been described as real gold in the dictionary of top politicians, industrialists & professionals. We usually make a very wrong perception for time and that is my time is important & usually think that people from lower cadre like auto driver, clerk, delivery boy are having loads & loads of time.

Successful people care for everyone around. Though your time management is always a priority. Time efficiency is very important to be successful. A person should know where and how much time should be spent on a particular task. Unnecessary time should not be wasted on things that are not important. Proper time management should be done.

Shaping a healthy body Health comes first for the big shots in every sphere. Whosoever plays with it pays for it. A big bank balance can never be a match for a fit body. Health mantra is the best mantra for a longer life. And for a successful life to enjoy you definitely need to live longer & enjoy it with all tastes of life. Everybody wants a healthy and charming personality. But, to set the body in shape some working out is required. All you need to do is set up a goal for bringing your body in shape

Health Now September 2015

50th Anniversary of 1965 Victory

Golden Salute to Victory Saluting the spirit of Indian Army on the golden jubilee of the remarkable victory over Pakistan ,the BJP-led Indian government is planning month-long celebrations and will reportedly be spending Rs 50 million to honour soldiers who fought the 1965 war with Pakistan to commemorate its 50th anniversary, TV channels reported last week.The month-long celebrations to honour the soldiers who fought the war will begin on 28 August - the day India captured the Haji Pir pass in 1965, that is now in Pakistan Administered Kashmir. The Rajpath parade will be held on 20 September, and will include, apart from a show of military might, a thrilling aerial display with commandos slithering down ropes from helicopters.

A major portion of the events planned during the "carnival" are discussions on the post-war negotiations in Tashkent.

On 1-2 September, there will be a two-day Tri-Service Seminar at which the President is likely to be the chief guest.

From 15-20 September, the Indian Army will organise a commemorative exhibition on Rajpath. The exhibition will have four arenas â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the gallantry arena, the sacrifice arena, the service display arena and the war trophy arena. The Army has also planned a detailed Festival of Victory.

Then PM Lal Bahadur Shastri died during the war negotiation meetings in Tashkent.

Late Sh. Lal Bahadur Shastri

Health Now

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015

Health Now September 2015