Undergraduate Thesis 2016 - Centre for Community Development

At Madanpur Khadar, New Delhi

Thesis 2016 Research Guide: Mr. Ryan Sequeira Design Guides: Ms. Bashabi Dasgupta

Ms. Vandana Shourie

Nikita Bhargava A/2358/2011 B.Arch, Fifth Year, Section B 09/06/2016

Candidate Declaration

4th May 2016

The thesis titled Centre for Community Development has been carried out by the undersigned as part of the Bachelors Program in the Department of Architecture, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi – 110002, India under the supervision of Ms. Bashabi Daspgupta & Ms. Vandana Shourie (Design Guides) and Mr. Ryan Sequeira (Research Guide).

I hereby submit 2 hard copies of the report for internal and external evaluation respectively.

The undersigned hereby declares that this is his/her original work and has not been plagiarized in part or full from any source. Furthermore this work has not been submitted for any degree in this or any other University.

Nikita Bhargava

A/2358/2011 B.Arch Fifth Year, Section B

Certificate

9th June 2016

This thesis was carried out during the January – May 2016 semester in the Department of Architecture under our guidance. Thereafter, based on the declaration dated 4th May 2016 by the candidate, the work was placed in front of the Juries held on 23rd, 25th& 26th May 2016. On successful completion of the Jury process and completion of the Report in all respects including the last chapter by the Candidate we provisionally accept the Thesis Report and forward the same to the Studio Director.

Mr. Ryan Sequeira

Ms. Bashabi Dasgupta

Ms. Vandana Shourie

On successful completion of the course by the candidate I hereby accept this completed report on behalf of the Head of the Department to be placed in the Library of School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.

Prof. M.L. Bahri

9th June 2016

Acknowledgements I have so many people to thank- words cannot do justice to the depth of gratitude I feel.

I’d like to thank my thesis guides Ms. Bashabi Dasgupta and Ms. Vandana Shourie, for their never-ending patience and invaluable guidance through the thesis semester. I would like to thank my research guide Mr. Ryan Sequeira for guiding me through the research required to give substance to the thesis project. I would also like to thank Prof. Aruna Ramani Grover and Prof. M.L. Bahri, our studio coordinator and studio director, respectively.

Through my architectural education, I have had the good fortune of being taught and guided by people who have inspired and from whom I have learnt so much. In particular, I would like to express my gratitude towards Ms. Mukta Naik, Ms. Mriganka Saxena and Mr. Puneet Khanna who have mentored me and shown faith in me.

I would also like to thank the staff at the countless NGOs and Government Offices I visited, who were so patient with a lost architectural student. A big thanks to Urban Think Tank office, whose e-mail made my day.

I cannot thank my parents and brother enough, whose support, love and encouragement kept me going, even when I thought it impossible.

And lastly my squad- Varun, Tanya, Aditya (#ydb), Oorvi, Vipasha, Uzair, Kanika, Navaneeth and Bhavika- thank you.

Synopsis The Centre for Community Development in Madanpur Khadar JJ Resettlement Colony aims to assume the role of a social agency. By means of an architectural intervention, it aims to bring about social change in the community. The project scope and profile was developed after researching the problems faced by the community.

The intent of the project is as follows•To create an environment that fosters community engagement and hence strengthens community ties.

•To create spaces and experiences that inspire action and creativity and thus lead to self-growth at an individual level.

•To act as a social hub for the community, over which the members feel a sense of ownership.

•To strike a balance between the aspirations of the community and the environment that they are familiar with, to create a new environment that is suited to their needs.

The hypothesis of this thesis project is that an architectural intervention of this nature, can indeed bring about social change. Successful projects undertaken around the world have been studied, and the learnings from these projects have been implemented in the undertaken thesis project.

To ground the project in reality, thought has also been given to how this project may be actually realised and a development model has been proposed.

Over the course of the semester, the design evolved as new concepts, constraints and conditions were factored into the design. Though seemingly simple, the program and space articulation proved challenging when trying to achieve all the goals, some of which have intangible results. The following report documents the evolution of the thesis project and the final design.

lkj मदनपुर खादर जेजे पुनर्वास कॉलोनी में सामुदायिक विकास केंद्र का लक्ष्य एक सामाजिक एजेंसी की भूमिका ग्रहण करना है। यहॉ वास्तुशिल्प के माध्यम से सामुदाय में सामाजिक परिवर्तन लाने की कोशिश करना, इस परियोजना का लक्ष्य है। सामुदाय द्वारा समस्याओं का सामना, विषय, के शोध करने के बाद, परियोजना की गुंजाइश और प्रोफ़ाइल विकसित की गई। परियोजना के निम्नलिखित लक्ष्य हैं : - एक ऐसा वातावरण हो जहॉ सामुदायिक सदभावना और मिलजुल करकाम करने की भावना को बढ़ावा मिले, जिस से सामुदायिक संबंध मज़बूत हों। - ऐसे वातावरण की स्थापना हो जहॉ के अनुभव से लोगों को रचनात्मक बनने की प्रेरणा मिले और व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर आत्मविकास के लिए नेतृत्व। - ऐसे सामुदायिक स्थान जहाँ आ कर लोगों को स्वामित्व की भावना का अहसास हो। - समुदाय की आकांक्षाओं और पर्यावरण, जिस से वे परिचित हैं, के बीच एक ऐसा संतुलन ला पायें जिस से एक नया वातावरण बने जो उनकी ज़रूरतों के लिए अनूकूल हो । इस शोध परियोजना की परिकल्पना है कि इस प्रकार का वास्तुशिल्प हस्तक्षेप, वास्तव में सामाजिक बदलाव ला सकता है । दुनिया भर में किए गए अनेक सफल परियोजनाओं से मिले निष्कर्ष को इस शोध परियोजना में लागू किया गया। यहाँ इस परियोजना की वास्तविकता में सफलता के लिए एक विकास मॉडल का प्रस्ताव रखा गया है। सेमेस्टर के दौरान, डिज़ाइन का विकास, नये विचार, बाधायें और वातावरण जैसे चीज़ों को ध्यान में रख कर हुआ। हालाँकि जो सरल प्रतीत होता है वह असल में चुनौतीपूर्ण कार्य था क्योंकि जगह, वातावरण, लोगों की ज़रूरतें और कार्यक्रम के बीच एक संतुलन बना कर आयेज बढ़ना ज़रूरी था। निम्नलिखित रिपोर्ट, परियोजना और अंतिम डिज़ाइन के विकास के दस्तावेज़ों का संकलन है।

Table of Contents PART 1 Chapter 1 : Thesis Proposition

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Chapter 2.1 : Core Research

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Introduction Context Hypothesis Proposal

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Case Studies Case Examples Comparative Table

Chapter 3 : Design Project

Site Information Masterplan 2021 Evolution over the years

Chapter 6 : Design Strategies

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Chapter 7 : Design Evolution

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Chapter 8 : Final Portfolio

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Conclusion Bibliography List of Figures

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PART 2 Design Objectives Strategies Architectural Expression

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Project Scope Functional Diagram Program Development Area Program Proposal

Chapter 4 : Site Analysis

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SWOT Analysis Design Cues

Subject Design Context

Chapter 2.2 : Case Studies

Chapter 5 : Design Cues

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Precinct Neighbourhood Understanding the site

PART 1

Design Investigation

Chapter 1

Thesis Proposition This section introduces the thesis topic and the search question. It looks at the need for such a project in the chosen context. The section concludes with a brief introduction to the design proposal.

Centre for Community Development

Introduction

Context

Architecture today, can be defined in so many ways and advances in the field of technology and construction have ensured that nothing is impossible to build. However, it is the belief of the author, architecture in all its forms, must help give meaning to everyday lives.

The site for intervention of this thesis is Madanpur Khadar, a JJ resettlement colony on the border of Delhi and Noida.

This site was chosen as the author was familiar with the community and some of the challenges the people face.

In this light, it is imperative that good architecture and design be accessible to all. There exist many underserved communities which, often, do not have access to basic services and infrastructure. For architecture to be meaningful in such a context, affecting social change must be one of the objectives.

India is one of the fastest growing developing nations.

However, the country still faces many challenges.

Unemployment is a major concern, that needs to be addressed, as it sows the seeds of various other unwanted social problems among the youth. But with the right skills, education and environment, it is the belief of the author that these challenges can be overcome.

This thesis is an attempt to understand how ‘Social Architecture’, as it has come to be known , can affect social change. It attempts to understand how, with the right program and the right environment, architecture may act as a social agency to help uplift under-served communities.

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Need Identification The community faces the following socio-economic problemsYouth delinquency High unemployment rates Often unsanitary living conditions Lack of education A step towards addressing these problems is providing the right platform and injecting the right program.

Hypothesis That the proposed architectural intervention will act as a social agency and a means for the upliftment of the community. A civic hub of this nature will serve as a catalyst for social change. The program, born out of researched needs of the community, renders the proposal relevant, while acknowledging the need for it to be sustainable in every sense of the word

Thesis Proposition

Proposal The proposed project is a MIXED USE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT which seeks to, with the insertion of appropriate program and creation of meaningful spaces, uplift the served community and improve their quality of life. It is meant to be a space that they can call their own, over which they feel a complete sense of ownership.

Thus the name of the project- CENTRE FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT- describes the two goals of the project1) Strengthening of community ties, thus development of the community as a whole 2) Development of the individual members of the community, spanning all ages, and providing them with the necessary tools and spaces for self-growth.

The main programmatic components of the project are: Skill Building and Education Centre Adult Daycare Child Daycare Dayclinic Sports and Recreation Facilities Community Dining Facility Dharamshala Administration

The project aims to be a democratic and inclusive public space-the focus of activity of the community.

Fig. 1 Development of the project Logo 17

Chapter 2.1

Core Research This section presents the core research done to arrive at a holistic understanding of the project, its implications and its implementation.

Centre for Community Development

“inherently humanist, site and user specific, integrated into the larger social network , and responsive to potentially changing conditions”

Introduction

Subject

The research, carried out under the following heads, provides structure and body to the proposed thesis:

Social Architecture, as the name suggests, is guided and defined by social factors and processes. The built environment is so designed, that it provides the spatial conditions for social processes to play out. Such architecture is “inherently humanist, site and user specific, integrated into the larger social network , and responsive to potentially changing conditions” (Anderson 2014). Also called publicinterest design, it favours local and flexible interventions.

(Awan, Schneider and Till 2011)

Subject: This section explores the thesis subject, that of ‘Social Architecture’ in depth. It draws from the research done by the author in previous semesters, to further explore the ‘praxis’ of social architecture. Some illustrative successful programmes from around the world are presented as a conclusion to this section.

Design: As the project is public in nature, this section focuses on Public Spaces and what makes them successful. Further research has been done on what the qualities of spaces are for engagement and how they may be achieved through design.

Interventions carried out in the name of social architecture address the concerns of a specific group of users or community to create custom environments. However, care must be taken to “place these buildings in direct connection with the larger community or global whole.” (Anderson 2014)

Context: To do justice to the sensitive context the project is set in, Informal Settlements have been studied in order to understand what opportunities they present as well as the challenges they pose. However, with an understanding that each informal settlement is unique in its own right, resettlement colonies of Delhi have been analysed as well.

Fig. 2 Social Architecture is necessarily wholly integrated with its environment 20

Core Research

This manner of thinking comes with its challenges. An exhibition titled “Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement” was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in the year 2010 where projects presented, had responded to localized needs in under-served communities. The architects sought to expand the definition of sustainability that moves beyond experimentation with new materials and technologies to include such concepts as social and economic stewardship. Using design as a tool, they aimed to have a broader effect on the communities they worked with. A review of the exhibition on the website of Places Journal critiques the exhibition by saying that the exhibition never really defines what it means by change. And so the exhibit raises the following pertinent questions-

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Change from what? To what purpose?

What is the role of architecture in bringing about change?

To what extent does the quality of a design make a difference?

Do the architectural achievements of a project matter as much as the quality of the services it houses?

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Though these are tough questions that are difficult to answer, yet there is no shortage of need for designs that can leverage small means to bring about big change. (Riano 2010)

Fig. 3,4 Panels from the ‘Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement’ exhibition Fig. 5 Photograph of Primary School, Gando, Burkina Faso which was exhibited

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Fig. 6 Drawing of Red Location Museum of Struggle, Port Elizabeth, South Africa which was exhibited 21

Centre for Community Development

Practice Praxis of Social Architecture

“praxis starts with an openended evaluation of the external conditions, out of which action arises with no predetermined outcome but with the intention of being transformative.”

In the ninth semester of her undergraduate coursethe author undertook collaborative research on the topic ‘Everyday Urbanism’. The theoretical nature of the topic was questioned, prompting the authors to further explore the practical applications of the theory studied. This study led to an understanding of ‘Praxis’.

The use of the term praxis is favoured over practice, even in the book ‘Spatial Agency: Other Ways of Doing Architecture’ . The authors do so as, they write - “praxis starts with an open-ended evaluation of the external conditions, out of which action arises with no predetermined outcome but with the intention of being transformative.” The word practice is avoided because of its connotations of habit and unreflective action.(Awan, Schneider and Till 2011) The product of the praxis of social architecture is social space. According to Awan, Schneider and Till (2011), social

space has the following characteristics : • The production of social space is a shared enterprise. It dismisses the idea of expert authorship and though professional are involved, social space explicitly acknowledges the contribution of others.

• Social space is a dynamic space; its production continues over time and is not fixed to a single moment of completion. The dynamic and thus temporal nature of social space means that over time multiple actors contribute to its production and it is ever-evolving.

• Social space is political as people live out their lives in this space and one has to be continuously alert to the effects of that space on those lives.

This social space is produced by the means of ‘Spatial Agency’.

Here agency is described as the “ability of the individual to act independently of the constraining structures of society”.

Spatial agents partially reform existing conditions- they are neither impotent, nor all powerful. The intent to transform must be responsive and flexible, because of the dynamics of the structural context. (Awan, Schneider and Till 2011) It is important to note the following:

Fig. 7 Praxis lies at the intersection of theory and practice Fig. 8 Methodology proposed in the seminar ‘Everyday Urbanism’ for the praxis of architecture, when intervening in everyday space 22

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“In spatial agency, their agency is effected both through actions and visions, but also through resulting spatial solutions. It resides in both the human and the nonhuman, and spatialagents have to be responsible for all aspects of their actions, from their initial relationship with others to enabling the production of physical relations and social structures to, because all are means of playing out their intent. Spatial agency here, is as much about modes of behaviour as it is about modes of making”(Awan, Schneider and Till 2011)

Core Research

Successful Programmes In this context, the proposed project is to be a built intervention of similar nature. Some successful projects that demonstrate similar intentions are presented below.

Samsung Electronics’ Initiative: The Nanum Village, Vietnam The following data is from an Interview conducted by Architecture in Development ( Source: http://www. architectureindevelopment.org/news.php?id=110) The Samsung Electronics’ Initiative began with a desire to help develop a process for sustainable development for a village community so they could carry out the development themselves. For the village to have a bright future it was felt that an investment in children’s health and education would be the key and a community centre was proposed which housed the necessary facilities for children as well as the youth.

At the project’s inception, the response was lukewarm from the community. In the end, village development project’s success depends on villagers’ participation in the project.

We arranged village meetings to encourage participation and listen to the opinions of the villagers. At the initial stage of the project, people were not very vocal about their hopes and concerns. Local people began fund-raising and built other school facilities like a library and an office. Even though it was not a big amount monetarily, it was a very meaningful change because village residents started taking ownership of the project.

The maintenance was undertaken by organizations such as a steering committee, women’s union, and youth union. All these bodies are usually in charge of leading the residents, organizing meetings, and making decisions regarding issues in the village. The programs offered like IT training and Vocational Training were staffed by the employees of Samsung Electronics as a pro bono service.

Once the village was selected, a long-term consultation was carried out with a complex group of stakeholders, including the government and residents.”Architecture is a container that harbours people’s behavior. A community center has to be a container large enough to accommodate residents’ activities. That means, as an architect, I need to know everything about village residents,” says Korean architect, RyuChoon-Soo. The project was discussed with local people to understand what they wanted.

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investment in children’s health and education would be the key

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Fig. 9,10,11 Images from the proposal for the Nanum Village in Vietnam by Samsung Electronics 23

Centre for Community Development

education plays a key role in generating capacities and opportunitiesfor a more equitable and sustainable development

skateboarding (sport) as a tool for empowering youth, to create new opportunities and the potential for change.

Colombia builds educational parks for youth development

Skateistan

The programme is founded on the belief that education plays a key role in generating capacities and opportunitiesfor a more equitable and sustainable development. Education opens the door to opportunities, while closing the door to violence and illegality. It propounds contextualised and community-based learning, integrating entrepreneurship, science, technology, art, culture and building citizenship.

They are based on recognising existing knowledge, talent and capacities for local and regional development. The parks are not replacing formal educational institutions, like schools, but complementing them, seeking to create alternative learning spaces open to all.Organisers are looking to introduce a wide range of learning opportunities including robotics and astronomy clubs to learn maths and science, youth groups for designing apps to meet local needs, workshops to revive ancestral knowledge, technical training for new markets, digital literacy from infants to the elderly, and training teachers to use art and games in their classrooms.

Skateistan began as a grassroots ‘Sport for Development’ project on the streets of Kabul in 2007, and is now an award-winning, international NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) with projects in Afghanistan, Cambodia and South Africa. Skateistan is the first international development initiative to combine skateboarding with educational outcomes. Skateistan is non-political, independent, and inclusive of all ethnicities, religions and social backgrounds.

Skateistan aims to always be an innovative social project with quality.

•They work with youth ages 5-18 •Over 50% of their students are streetworking children •Over 40% of their students are girls •Globally, they teach more than 1200 youth each week

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Fig. 12,13 Images of some of the educational parks built in Antiquoia, Colombia Fig. 14, 15 Activities carried out as a part of the Skateistan initiative.

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Their mission statement is -We use skateboarding as a tool for empowering youth, to create new opportunities and the potential for change.

Their vision is to grow a sustainable organization that is recognized locally & globally for changing the lives of hundreds of thousands of youth through skateboarding and quality programmes – creating leaders that change the world.

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Core Research

Design Public Space Public or collective space is seen as a platform for ‘social and political mobilization’. The focus of designers and planners is on creating spaces that ‘act as flexible frameworks for the multiple opportunities and possibilities for social, political and cultural change. In both urban as well as rural environments, public space is seen as an integral element of socio-cultural interaction. (Klanten et al. 2012) When engaging with community and the city, both groupsarchitects, urban planners and other creatives as well as the community in question- must aim to learn as from one another. Though designers create with specific intentions, it must be kept in mind that ‘ the concepts of public space, democracy and citizenship are ultimately redefined by people through life experience’.(Klanten et al. 2012)

According to Places Journal (Characteristics and Guidelines of Great Public Spaces), a designer must ask him or herself the following questions when designing a public spaceHow does the public space •Capitalize on building design, scale, architecture, and proportionality to create interesting visual experiences, vistas, or other qualities?

•Accommodate multiple uses?

•Accommodate multiple users? It is accessible via walking, biking, or public transit?

•Use, protect, and enhance the environment and natural features?

•Reflect the community’s local character and personality?

•Foster social interaction and create a sense of community and neighbourliness?

•Provide a sense of comfort or safety to people gathering and using the space?

•Encourage use and interaction among a diverse cross section of the public?

The public realm in not limited to built form and landscape, art and temporary structures all form a part of it as well. For the purpose of this study, built form is the focus. However, more important than the stylistic language or building structure, are the experiences such projects make possible.

(Klanten et al. 2012)

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Centre for Community Development

Space for Engagement The ‘Centre for Community Development’ is an intervention in the public realm that specifically, aims to be a ‘space for engagement’. This is a reflection of one of the objectives of the thesis project- that to strengthen community ties. It is believed that the more people get a chance to interact with each other, the more community spirit will be fostered.

For these processes to be set in motion, according to Burte(2008), the space must possess the following qualities• Occupiability • Penetrability • Legibility • Sociability Occupiability The affordance offered by an environment for pause and durable occupation is known as occupiability. In order to occupy a space, one must feel safe from perceivable threats.

Apart from the obvious threats such as traffic, the scale and size of the space, as well as the organization of seating entrances and exits may also affect the perception of safety.

It is important to understand that the identity based on gender, age, class, ethnicity and religion may also affect the perception of safety. Often, design of the space may have limited impact on this experience.

Comfort is another factor central to occupiability.

Environmental Comfort is achieved by protecting the users against climatic conditions that hinder pause, like extreme heat or cold, rain, snow etc. Physical Comfort must be taken into consideration- the need for facilities for physical rest.

Fig. 16 The second image shows a more occupiable space, owing to increase in comfort

Fig. 17 First image shows visual penetrability and the second image shows extensional penetrability 26

Core Research

Penetrability The manner in which an environment allows itself, its spaces and its barriers to be penetrated by the dweller, is known as Penetrability. Burte (2008) writes that penetrability may be of two types- Visual and Extensional. Where visual penetrability refers to the way in which one’s gaze is allowed to penetrate spaces and barriers, extensional penetrability refers to the physical act of moving in or through a space.

Legibility The manner in which an environment presents itself for perception and comprehension, is known as legibility. The term was introduced by Kevin Lynch in ‘The Image of the City’(1960). Legibility in the built environment can be understood on the basis of•the ease with which a building and its parts can be discerned as objects •the ease with which an environment can be mapped mentally •the manner in which the environment and its parts offer a balance of accommodation and challenge our basic cognitive tendencies- provide stimulus to our sense

Fig. 18 First image shows an illegible space and the second image, by virtue of its articulation, is legible

Sociability The manner in which an environment affords social contact, is known as sociability. An environment that induces a desirable nature and level of co-presence and that catalyses social interaction, is deemed sociable(Burte 2008). Community formation is possible when people are co-present. Here co-presence is seen as an opportunity for encounter (Hillier in Burte 2008).

Fig. 19 A decrease in space available for movement will lead to an increase in the chances of encounter 27

Centre for Community Development

Context The built context of the ‘Centre for Community Development’ is Madanpur Khadar, a Jhuggi-Jhopdi Resettlement Colony (explained in depth later in the document) .According to the UN-Habitat Issue Paper on Informal Settlements (2015),a JJ Resettlement Colony is deemed informal on the grounds that although it is a ‘planned’ settlement, in reality, it is largely cut off from city infrastructure and services. The housing has grown and evolved in a way that is not compliant with current building regulations .

Fig. 20 A scene from Madanpur Khadar Colony

Over the years, many attempts have been made at architectural interventions in these settlements. Some have been successful beyond expectation and some have failed in ways that the architect could not predict. The upgrades made are “invariably partial, provisional and experimental, and rely on the idea of replicability: solutions developed for 28

one site can be used at another”. Experience has shown that successful upgradation of such settlements can be achieved “only through a combination of small-scale, local initiatives and massive upgrades to sanitation, transportation, and employment infrastructures, which have to be orchestrated at the national and international levels “.(Werthmann and Beardsley 2008) The nature of these initiatives must be well thought-out and researched. It has been observed that rather than providing places for passive occupation, like plazas and the like, facilities for active recreation like sports are more suitable, especially in places with large populations of teenagers with limited educational and employment opportunities.

Effort must be directed to create productive space like market facilities,community kitchens and laundries, and places for cultural expression. Facilities that don’t inspire a sense of community ownership are at a risk of vandalism and degradation. There is a need to focus on programs that address multiple conditions and needs.(Werthmann and Beardsley 2008)

< Fig. 21 There is a preference for active recreation over passive recreation in places like informal settlements

Core Research

Resettlement Colonies According to the report on Categorisation of Settlements in Delhi (2015) by Centre for Policy research “Policy and planning documents define eight types of settlement in Delhi, only one of which is termed “planned”. The other seven types of settlement become, by opposition, ‘unplanned’. This ‘unplanned’ city houses the vast majority of Delhi’s residents across the economic spectrum: these settlements include the affluent farmhouses of South Delhi, well-built colonies populated by successful businesspeople, and dense slum-like areas.”

Since the 1960s, residents of Delhi’s Jhuggi-Jhopdi Clusters (slums) have experienced at least three waves of eviction.

These evictions were carried out under the aegis of the Slum Clearance Act 1956, declaring the areas/building/ propertiesunfit for residential purposes(Evolution of Resettlement Colony in Delhi). The people who were found eligible were allotted plots in the JJ Resettlement Colony.

However, even though these measures were taken with the intention of imposing a ‘plan’ and providing basic services, many of these colonies are still lacking those services.

(Categorisation of Settlements in Delhi 2015).

“During the first wave of resettlement in the 1960s, 18 resettlement colonies were established.

In the 1970s, Emergency brought a second wave of resettlement, producing another 26 such colonies.

These 44 original resettlement colonies were scattered along the periphery of the city, far from the JJCs they replaced.

The most recent wave of resettlement was the result of evictions to make way for infrastructure for the 2010 Commonwealth Games. During this period, JJC residents were relocated to 11 sites, mostly in north, northwest, and west Delhi. These newest resettlement colonies—which include Savda Ghevra, Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan Kalan, Rohini, and Narela—bring Delhi’s total number of resettlement colonies to 55”.

The resettlement colonies were built in a way that maximum number of people could be housed in the minimum possible area. This is why, among many other reasons, for all official and administrative purposes, since 1985 the resettlement colonies have been reconsidered as slums.

many of these colonies are still lacking basic services.

The timeline, till present day, according to the report on Categorisation of Settlements in Delhi (2015) by Centre for Policy research is explained below: Fig. 22 Slum eviction and relocation sites 29

Chapter 2.2

Case Studies The following section presents the projects,both built as well as proposed, studied as precedents for the thesis project.

Centre for Community Development

Introduction

Owing to the diverse nature of the program of this thesis, no one architectural typology could have been studied to get an understanding of the factors to be considered during the conception as well as design of the project. The different aspects had to be studied and each given its due importance.

One of the major considerations when choosing the case studies, was the context it sat in- the thesis itself being highly context driven. Three main case studies were chosen. The information gleened from the study of these projects was supplemented with information from the further study of case examples.

Case studies and examples were chosen for their relevance according to the following parameters : Program

Context and Response

Intent

Expression

32

Case Studies

Case Examples

Project : Urban Remediation Centre and Infrastructure Hub Location : Sao Paolo Architect : Urban Think Tank

Project : Community Center Location : San Bernabé, Mexico Architect : PichAguilera Arquitecto

Project : Polyclinic for the Destitute Location : Old Delhi Architect : Romi Khosla Design Studio

Project : Urban regeneration master plan Location : Ciudad Juárez, Mexico Architect : Jose Castillo

Project : Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Project Location : Nizamuddin, Delhi Trust : Aga Khan Foundation

Project : Uva El Paraiso Location : Antioquia, Colombia Architect : EDU Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano de Medellín

Case Studies

Centro de Acção Social por Música Location: Grotão, Paraisópolis Architects : Urban-Think Tank Architects LLC Alfredo Brillembourg& Hubert Klumpner Client: Secretaria Municipal de HabitaçãoDe São Paulo (SEHAB) Elisabeta Franca, Maria TerezaDinitz

Fig. 24 Site RenderBefore intervention and

Access The site is accessed by two vehicular roads that are off-shoots of the main road. However, only one of these roads, the lower level road, connects directly to the site.

The site is accessible for pedestrians from all four sides

Fig. 23 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite

History Paraisópolis is an area that began to develop in the 1920s around a challenging topography of rivers. For this reason, regular streets and infrastructure were not implemented. In the 1960s the neighboring area of Morumbi began to develop, and the construction labor force began to informally occupy the area.

Before this urbanization the area was mainly agricultural. In the 1970s a new zoning law discouraged legal development on the site (due to prohibitive lot sizes), and as a result there was a boom of invasion in Paraisópolis.

Site Despite its central urban location, the marginalized area of Grotão within Paraisópolis is effectively separated from the formal city. Within this isolated zone, increased erosion and dangerous mudslides have designated the site as one of many high-risk zones in the city - a primarily inaccessible void in the otherwise dense fabric.

Climate The city has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate , according to the Köppen classification. In summer (January through March), the mean low temperature is about 17 °C and the mean high temperatures is near 28 °C. In winter, temperatures tend to range between 11 and 23 °C.

Fig. 25 Centro de Acção Social por Música

33

Centre for Community Development

Form and Layout The centre is built over fours four floors with vehicular at the lowermost level.

The nature of the program decreases in it’s ‘public-ness’ as you go from the lower to the upper levels.

Fig. 26 Basement Plan

Fig. 27 Ground Floor Plan

Fig. 28 First and Second Floor Plan

Fig. 29 Third Floor Plan

Parking Circulation Primary Spaces Vertical Circulation Pedestrain Movement Vehicular Movement 34

Case Studies

Intent The project fundamentally transforms this void into a productive zone and dynamic public space through social design - a process of analyzing the local effects of rapid growth and improving marginalized settlements through social infrastructure.

The intervention opens the edges of the void to re-establish connections within the isolated urban fabric and to introduce social programs where they were once categorically neglected. Localized moments of this program, which includes sports facilities, urban agricultural, public space, transportation infrastructure, replacement housing, and the Fábrica de Música, are simultaneously connected to all boundaries of the area by the landscape of activated terraces.

The project proposes that architects eschew their conventional role in traditional hierarchies to serve as an enabling connection between the opposing forces of top-down planning and bottom-up initiatives. By creating common ground for these two forces, we can eliminate divisiveness and generate productive interactions.

Fig. 30 Social & Physical catalysts for the project

Program

Fig. 31 Programmatic Composition of the Fábrica de Música

Fig. 32 Perspective section through the building

35

Centre for Community Development

Fig. 33 Presentation panel for Building Systems for the FĂĄbrica de MĂşsica from the architects

36

Case Studies

Fig. 33 Presentation panel for Landscape and Urban Agriculture for the FĂĄbrica de MĂşsica from the architects

37

Centre for Community Development

Inferences • Success of these projects hinges very much on how the community takes to them • However, a reading of the program suggests that a project of this nature, so integrated with its environment, serving a specific purpose of enlivening the community,would be a success. The sports and music school components have been tested out in other projects in other parts of the world and seen to be successes.

• The project takes into consideration sustainability, in all its definitions.

• Especially noteworthy is the response to the topography and the landscaping.

Fig. 34 Building render of Fábrica de Música

Fig. 35 Building render of Fábrica de Música

38

Case Studies

Polyclinic for the Destitute Location: Old Delhi Architects : Romi Khosla Design Studio Client: The Sir Sobha Singh Public Charitable Trust

In the heart of the old city of Delhi, on the edge of the railway line, sandwiched between a masjid and remains of a burnt slum lies the modern Polyclinic for the poorest of the poor, the drug addicts and the HIV patients who live on the pavements of Lahori Gate.

Completing the Polyclinic in this dense and crowded locality was not easy.

The Polyclinic site had a dilapidated Chungi building that had provided shelter for the homeless and was a hub of drug related activities.

The adjacent mosque authorities too were suspicious of the intentions of the project until it was explained to them that the polyclinic was for the very poor who lived in the area.

The location of the polyclinic abuts Railway land and their goodwill too was necessary for the success of the project.

The entire project has been funded by a public charitable Trust established by the most significant contractor to build the Lutyens capitol complex of Delhi. This facility was awarded the world Architecture Award in 2009.

Fig. 36 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite image

Fig. 37 Photograph of Rear Elevation of the Polyclinic for the Destitute building from the railway tracks

Fig. 38 Photograph of Front Elevation of the Polyclinic for the Destitute building from another

39

Centre for Community Development

Conceptual Underpinnings Built in metal and glass, the new polyclinic stands out like a radiant intervention of contemporary architecture.

Located adjacent to an old mosque, the polyclinic provides a fascinating contrast to the ancient buildings of old Delhi. The contemporary architectural language of the building signals the direction for re-vitalizing the area.

The choice of primary colors that combine the yellow and blue louvered faรงade and brightly ventilated areas seem radical for this forgotten area of Delhi. Yet these combinations of colors announce the presence of a contemporary treatment centre for the poorest of the poor. Inside the building, the glass partitioned consulting rooms and the bright ventilated waiting spaces, have created a unique treatment environment for the poorest of patients.

Legend Ground Floor Plan 1- Lobby 2- Consultation Room 3- Consultation Room 4- Office 5- Storage 6- Toilet 7- Balcony 8- Toilet 9- Pantry 10- Ladies Washroom 11- Lift Shaft 12- Cut-out in slab

Fig. 39 Ground Floor Plan

Fig. 41 Section

Section 1- Office 2- Storage 3- Toilet 4- Cut out in slab 5- Waiting Area 6- Ward 2 7- Toilet 8- Cut out in Slab 9- Ward 4 10- Toilet 11- Ward 8 12- Toilet 13- Terrace 14-Water Tank

Circulation Primary Spaces Vertical Circulation Pedestrain Movement Vehicular Movement 40

First Floor Plan 13- Corridor 14- Waiting Area 15- Ward 1 16- Ward 2 17- Toilet 18- Balcony 19- Toilets 20- Kitchen 21- Lift Shaft 22- Cut-out in slab

Fig. 40 First Floor Plan

Fig. 42 Front Elevation

Case Studies

Programmatic Content This simple elegant building is four floors high and is equipped with a hospital lift. A large area in the basement provides ample space for a modern pathological laboratory. The ground floor has the reception as well as the Out Patient Department cubicles for the day time doctors and consultants.

Present Condition

Occupied by an NGO and

Third Floor

The Polyclinic has four floors each of 200 sq meters where laboratories, reception, consultation rooms, day time wards, doctors and nurse stations are situated. The fully glazed front façade provides a transparent view into the building which invites the poor to enter within. Reception staff will be able to spot hesitant patients and encourage them to come within. Once they have been registered, the patients would proceed to the first floor for the treatment. This treatment area requires more privacy and has thus been shielded from view by colored aluminum louvers provide a visual shield but allow full fresh air ventilation. A lift designed for carrying stretcher patients has also been installed for emergency treatment.

Lies Vacant

Second Floor

Mother and Child OPDs

First Floor

Dermatology OPDs are conducted on this floor and the offfices are located

Ground Floor

Inferences • What is worth analysing though,is the reason for the present state of disrepair and whether that can be countered at the design stage itselfby not providing nooks and cranies, by having pure geometry and a low maintenance building.

• The study proved valuable to understand the various spaces required and their sizes and adjacencies.

Fig. 43 View of entrance lobby from the floor above Fig. 44 Condition of staiwell Fig. 45 NGO office on the top floor Fig. 46 Cardboard boxes in the lobby of the top floor

43

44

45

46 41

Centre for Community Development

Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative MCD Polyclinic

Location: Nizamuddin Basti

Community Toilets Aga Khan Office and Vocational Training Centre

Trust : Aga Khan Foundation

Hope Foundation Building

Fig. 47 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite

History In 1997, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of India’s independence, His Highness the Aga Khan offered to restore the garden of Humayun’s Tomb, marking this as the Aga Khan Trust for Culture’s first association with the World Heritage Site.

Building on these successes, in 2007 an agreement with the Archaeological Survey of India, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi and the Central Public Works Department enabled the Aga Khan Development Network to return to the historic Nizamuddin area to undertake an Urban Renewal Initiative.

In order to understand the impact the initiative has had on the settlement as well as the nature of the interventions, a study was carried out of four different buildings in the area. The administration as well as the basti residents were more than willing to share their experiences and felt a sense of pride when speaking about the progress made so far.

42

Fig. 48 Panel of images of Nizamuddin Basti

Intent The project aims to serve as a model for civil society engagement in urban development. It also seeks to demonstrate that culture is a significant tool for development and makes the case for a return to a traditional craft-based approach to the conservation of India’s monumental buildings.

The project implementation is undertaken by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a wide range of expertise, including architects; civil, structural, hydraulic and electrical engineers; historians; conservation and landscape architects; educators; doctors and public health specialists; monitoring and evaluation experts; horticulturists and ecologists; designers; project managers, administrators and finance specialists. The team is guided by specialised consultants and includes almost a hundred residents of Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti who have been trained to take up significant responsibilities.

Case Studies

Form and Layout MCD Polyclinic

Office

Aga Khan Office and Vocational Training Centre Waiting Area

Registration Room Office

Dressing and Injection Room

Fig. 49 Sketched Plan of the MCD Polyclinic

Pathology Lab

Consultation Room Waiting Area Consultation Room

RMSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Room

Sewing and Embroidery Room

Community Toilets

Kitchen

Fig. 51 Sketched Plan of the Vocational Training Centre Office

Kitchen

Office

Fig. 53 Sketched Plan of the Community Toilets

Hope Foundation Building

Fig. 52 Sketched Plan of the Aga Khan Office

Direct Connection Required Direct Connection Not Required

Fig. 50 Functional Relationship Diagram of the Polylinic

Fig. 54 Programmatic Composition of the Hope Foundation Building 43

Centre for Community Development

55

56

57

58

59

60

61 44

Fig. 55 Sewing Room at the Vocational Training Centre Fig. 56 Kitchen at the VCT Fig. 57 Reception of the clinic at the Hope Foundation Building(HFB) Fig. 58 Dental Room at the clinic Fig. 59 Nursery Class at the HFB Fig. 60 Informal School class at the HFB Fig. 61 Consultation Room at the Polyclinic

Inferences • Observed the on site implementation of a project of simit nature and of similar intent. However, the major difference is that here, existing infrastructure was upgraded and retrofitted. This also meant that unlike project proposed, it was not concentrated in one area.

• Heartening to see progress and enthusiasm.

• Visiting the centres,helped develop program as well, however sizes or layouts were not of much help due to the difference in constraints.

Case Studies

Community Center Location: San Bernabé, Mexico Architects : Pich-Aguilera Arquitecto

Intent The architecture of San Bernabé Community Center explores a look that will be able to transmit the dignity of civic compromise than the building itself represents as well as its presence in the middle of the city should contribute to the dissemination of the values ​​that drive it.

Expression This building-Street is conceived as a framework for the relationship and the expression of individuals and the community.

This street built within, acts like the backbone of the built bodies that house the functional program of the community center and responds to an urban vision as a whole, in this sense its journey is punctuated by three spaces of quite a length which may be called squares, each one of them linked to an adjacent activity.

The specific uses of the functional program will be located in dispersed volumes, arranged along a guideline, thus configuring a street that will function as such and that is really the heart of the project.

Inferences • The concept of the street seems effective as an ordering principle for the program.

• The author is looking to explore a similar architectural expression in the undertaken project. The volumes are also of a similar scale to those envisioned for the thesis project.

Fig. 62 Aerial view of the Community Center building

Fig. 63 View from the ‘street’ of the Community Center

Fig. 64 Section drawings of the Community Center 45

Centre for Community Development

Urban regeneration master plan Location: Ciudad Juárez, Mexico Architects : Jose Castillo Client: Secretary of Social Development

The intent of The Master Plan for the northwest sector of Ciudad Juárez is to create public spaces that provide economic, educationaland recreational activities that will mitigate delinquency, reduce environmental risks and strengthen community networks.

The strategy for the northwest sector of Ciudad Juárez is based on encouraging social integration through physical improvements and the creation of places for economic, cultural, educational and recreational activities. The proposal was developed based on participatory workshops that were held with the local community in Ciudad Juárez to understand the needs and wants of its members Through the transformation of two existing water retention basins, new public spaces are created while preventing the imminent flood risks to the area by captivating natural rainwater. These spaces include agricultural terraces, workshops, commercial lots, playgrounds, sports facilities, a skate park and progressive housing units.

Fig. 65 Project Sustainability matrix

Inferences • The project has been carried out in a context whose social conditions are very similar to those of the context of the ‘Centre for Community Development’ and thus the intent of the project and how it has been implemented is very relevant to the thesis project.

Fig. 66 Project Render

46

Fig. 67 Project Render

Fig. 68 Site Plan

Case Studies

Uva El Paraiso Location: Antioquia, Colombia Architects : EDU - Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano de Medellín Client: INDER (instituto de Deportes y Recreación) Alcaldía de Medellín Area: 3879 sqm

Intent Articulated Units Life, UVA, are urban transformations in the neighborhoods of Medellin, intended for the public meeting, the promotion of sport, recreation, culture and community participation.

Expression The architectural program is split into four volumes that revolve around an existing soccer field which is the central core that links all programs. The existing platform extends to a large public terrace that embraces the soccer field as the main stage. The building is in concrete, where the facades are composed by a series of vertical louvres in warm colors chosen by the community, which are themselves part of the bioclimatic sun protection strategy.

Program Medellin is a city with very few public spaces and facilities, a challenge that led the architects to design buildings that are parks on their covers, optimizing the area for citizen encounter.

Open Spaces Built Spaces Outdoor gym Music rehearsal rooms Skate park Sports center Playground Gym Community events square Auditorium Interactive space with water Dance room Soccer field in synthetic grass which is also the site for events Inferences • Like the site of the ‘Centre for Community Development’, the site for Uva El Paraiso is also at a level lower than the access road, so the response can be learnt from.

• The context and intent are in sync with that of the ‘Centre for Community Development’ and so the architectural responses and expression are of special interest- like the terraces and the spatial organisation.

Fig. 69 Aerial view of the Uva El Paraiso building

Fig. 70 Photograph of rooftop gym

Fig. 71 Photograph of interiors

Fig. 72 Site Plan

47

Centre for Community Development

Polyclinic for the Destitute

URACIH

Parameters

Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative

Location

Sao Paolo, Brazil

Old Delhi

Nizamuddin Basti, Delhi

Project Type

A sports and music centre

A day-patient polyclinic

Series of interventions in the fiels of health, education and sanitation.

As established before, no one project is representative of the thesis proposed, in its entirety. All three case studies were valuable, in different capacities.

Plot Size

6028 sq.m

254 sq.m.

N/A

Built Up Area

3274 sq.m.

1093.50 sq.m.

N/A

FAR

0.5

approx. 4

N/A

Ground Coverage

15%

95%

N/A

The project most relevant to this thesis proposal is URACIH which will look at similar FAR and Ground Coverage.

Context Characteristics

Program

48

Inferences

Of the three, URACIH and Nizamuddin are closest in nature to that of Madanpur Khadar, being largely residential.

Thus, one sees more of community building functions as part o f both the projects.

Sports Area Retail Music Rehearsal Rooms Auditorium

Waiting Areas Labs Wards Consultation Rooms

Polyclinc Community Toilets Vocational Training Centre Information Centre Nursery and Kindergarten Daycare Cafe

The proposed project is envisioned to be a mix of all the different programmatic components studied, appropriated to the context it sits in.

Case Studies

Intent

Architectural Expression

• To transform the void into a • To make a Polyclinic for the • To serve as a model for civil All three ar similar in productive zone and dynamic poorest of the poor, the society engagement in urban their intent- that of upliftment. public space through social drug addicts and the HIV development. design . patients who live on the • To demonstrate that • To re-establish connections pavements of Lahori Gate. culture is a significant within the isolated urban • The contemporary tool for development fabric and to introduce social architectural language of and makes the case for programs where they were the building signals the a return to a traditional once categorically neglected. direction for re-vitalizing the craft-based approach to • The project proposes area. the conservation of India’s that architects eschew monumental buildings. their conventional role in traditional hierarchies to serve as an enabling connection between the opposing forces of topdown planning and bottomup initiatives. By creating common ground for these two forces, we can eliminate divisiveness and generate productive interactions.

The appropriateness of the architectural expression depends on the context and so principles can be adopted from all three.

49

Chapter 3

Design Project The following section introduces the project scope and profile, the funtional relationships and the area program of the design project.

Centre for Community Development

Project Scope and Profile The proposed project is the ‘Centre for Community Development’ in Madanpur Khadar JJ Resettlement Colony, New Delhi. The project is to be a hub of social infrastructure for the community which aims to facilitate the upliftment of the community, by providing the right environment and injecting the needed program.

Project Intent The intent of the project is as follows• To create an environment that fosters community engagement and hence strengthens community ties.

• To create spaces and experiences that inspire action and creativity and thus lead to self-growth at an individual level.

• To act as a social hub for the community, over which the members feel a sense of ownership.

• To strike a balance between the aspirations of the community and the environment that they are familiar with, to create a new environment that is suited to their needs.

52

Development Model Though the conceived project is hypothetical, thought was given to how this project may be actually realised.

It is proposed that, as the land on which the project is to be built, belongs to the Indane LPG Bottling Plant, the project will be financed and developed by the company itself. This, it is proposed, will be done as a part of their ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ Initiative. This is seen as a way to give back to the community they are a part of, which so far, they have chosen to maintain a distance from.

This has been modelled on the Samsung Electronics initiative, which carried out similar projects in Vietnam, as outlined in Chapter 2.1.

Also, research has shown that in order to cultivate a sense of ownership amongst the people of the community, a small nominal fee should be charged, for the construction, as well as the maintenance of the facility. As many of the people of the community are daily wage labourers, employed in the construction industry, they can be employed to build this facility as well, furthering the claim of the community. The success of the facility depends, to a great extent, on how it’s used and whether people feel a sense of ownership and pride, with regards to the project.

Design Project

Functional Relationship Diagram

Fig. 73 Functional Relationship Diagram 53

Centre for Community Development

Program Development The development of the program was an important stage in the conception of this thesis project. In the opinion of the author, the success of a project of this nature requires utmost attention to detail in the articulation of the architectural program.

Each programmatic component has been treated as a solution to a socio-economic issue, as identified after on-site research.

Census population projections were adopted to understand the population that the project will aim to serve.

Fig. 74 Program development diagram 54

Programmatic Components Skill Building and Education Centre Centre for vocational training for the youth and adults. A library and spaces for rent for tuition centres also form a part of this.

Sports and Recreation Facilties Indoor basketball court, gyms, table tennis and multipurpose rooms for music and dance classes. This space is also rented out and used as a mutlipurpose hall.

Adult Daycare Senior citizens are counseled and cared for. They are engaged in activites like yoga, meditation, as well as taught new skills.

Community Kitchen and Dining Facility Community members are employed to make meals which are sold to neighbouring Jasola.

Profits made subsidise the meals for the community.

Child Daycare Children of differnet age groups, from 0-12 yrs of age, are cared for here and engaged in both educational as well as recreational activities.

Dharamshala Rooms available for visitorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; accomodation. Different types of rooms based on size and facilities available, cater to the varied user groups envisioned as visitors.

Dayclinic An outpatient facility, with numbered emergency beds, a minor OT, labs and dispensary.

Administration An information centre for the community, as well as offices for rent and meeting roooms for the many NGOs working in the communtiy.

Design Project

Proposed Area Program Programmatic g Component Activities Skill Building and Education Centre Entry Lobby

Training for S i S t Service Sector

Tuition Centres Training in Building Trades

Area of Space p TA+ Spaces Required Length Breadth Unit(in sq.m.)

No. Of Units Total Area Loading Waiting Area+Info Desk 108 1 108 12000 9000

BPO

Counsellor'ss Room Counsellor Room

3000

2500

7.5

1

7.5

Admin Offices Toilets

6000

6000

36

1

36

Classrooms Cl

9000

7500

67.5 67 5

40

2700

21000 3000

12000 3000

252 9

1 2

252 18

3000 2000

3000 3000

9 6

1 1

9 6

21000 3000

12000 4000

252 12

1 1

252 12

2000

3000

6

1

6

10000 3000 2000 10000 3000 2000

10000 4000 3000 10000 4000 3000

100 12 6 100 12 6

1 1 1 1 1 1

100 12 6 100 12 6

Retail Marketing Metal Work

Woodwork

Electrical

Plumbing

Workshop Store 1 Store 2 Welding Room Welding Room Office Work‐Yard Workshop Store 1 Store 2 Store 2 Office Work‐Yard Workshop Store Office Workshop Store Office

55

Centre for Community Development

Masonryy

Training in Home Training in Home Arts Cooking

p Workshop Store 1 Store 2 Office Work‐Yard

Food Lab Prep and Storage Cafe Sewing and Embroi Clothes Lab H L b Home Lab D Domestic Work ti W k Cosmetology Cosmetology Lab

Adult Daycare Centre

Counseling Evening care

Exercise Socialization Meals Recreation Medication management Supervision Community Kitchen+Dining

56

Meet and Greet Area Multipurpose Room Multipurpose Room Dining Area Dining Area Sattelite Kitchen Office First Aid Room

15000 3000

10000 4000

150 12

1 1

150 12

2000

3000

6

1

6

25000 18000

18000 10000

450 180

1 1

450 180

10000 10000 10000

10000 10000 15000

100 100 150

1 1 1

100 100 150 4790.5

20000

15000

300

1

300

18000

12000

216

3

648

12000 18000 6000 8000 2000

12000 12000 4000 6000 3000

144 216 24 48 6

2 1 1 1 1

288 216 24 48 6 1530

Preparation Area Packaging and Dispatch Area Storage Dining Hall

20000

10000

200

1

200

10000 6000 30000

6000 6000 20000

60 36 600

1 1 1

60 36 600

6227.65

1989

Design Project

896 Child Daycare Centre

Dayclinic

Sports and Recreation Area

Sattelite Kitchen Creche After School After School Daycare

6000

Waiting Area Consultation Rooms 1 Consultation Rooms2 Path Lab X‐Ray X Ray Centre Centre Dispensary Admin Emergency Beds Minor OT

15000

Multipurpose Rooms Men's Gym Women's Gym Indoor Basketball Court

24 300

1 1

24 300

500

1

500 824

10000

150

1

150

3000

4500

13.5

4

54

4500 5000 5000 3000 4000 6000 6000

4500 4000 4000 2500 6000 10000 8500

20.25 20 20 7.5 24 60 51

2 1 1 1 1 1 1

40.5 20 20 7.5 24 60 51 316

10000 6000 6000

8000 6500 6500

80 39 39

4 1 1

320 39 39

30000

18000

540

1

540

4000

1164.8

1071.2

410 8 410.8

57

Centre for Community Development

Equipment q p Storage

Dharamshala

Administration

Library

Administration Entrance Lobby Entrance Lobby Type 1 Room Type 2 Room Common Toilets

Meeting Rooms NGO Offices Volunteer Centre Information Centre

Libary Area with Study Cubicles Computer Centre Computer Centre

3500

10.5

2

21 959

1246.7

6000

8000

30 100 25 40 40

1 1 40 20 16

30 100 1000 800 640 2570

3341

7500 5000 12000

6000 4000 9000

45 20 108

3 10 1

135 200 108

3000

27000 10000

21000 6000

567 60

1 1

443

575.9

567 60 627

815.1

TOTAL BUILT‐UP AREA

58

16842.15

Chapter 4

Site Analysis This section presents the site information and analysis of the site in Madanpur Khadar

Centre for Community Development

Site Information In recent decades, increasing urbanization has resulted in the accelerated growth of slums in India. In Delhi, where the slum population has ballooned to over two million, the government continues to undertake a process of resettling slum dwellers to colonies on the outskirts of the city. These slum resettlement colonies themselves present slum like conditions due to poverty, overcrowding, unhygienic living conditions, poor water supply and sanitation, and lack of an organized health care delivery system, which pose unique health challenges. (Dhingra et al. 2006) Madanpur Khadar JJ1 Colony is home to 15,000 families relocated from slums around South Delhi (Nehru Place, Raj Nagar, East of Kailash, Alaknanda, Hanuman Camp, VP Singh Colony) in year 2000,in preparation for the Commonwealth Games in 2010. It is near the Delhi-Uttar Pradesh border.

The community residents largely work as cleaners, sweepers, office helpers and labourers.

As a consequence of displacement, many of them lost their jobs resulting in livelihood options becoming a great challenge. The community still faces challenges in accessing civic amenities such as clean water, sanitation, garbage disposal and adequate street lighting. Transportation is a key concern as there are no government bus services; women and girls complain of harassment in private buses. Large numbers of women work as domestic workers and in other informal work.

Men are engaged in diverse informal sectors 60

Fig. 75 Slum eviction and relocation sites

Masterplan 2021 According to the Masterplan 2021, Madanpur Khadar lies in Zone O. The River Yamuna/ River front, Zone O has special characteristics and ecological significance for which various studies have been conducted from time to time. As such, the Zonal Development Plan of Zone O is conceived to set the strategies for rejuvenation of river Yamuna and eco-friendly development.

As per MPD 2021 provisions, in-situ up-gradation of the land pockets of slum and JJ Clusters, which are not required for public / priority use is the first option for provision of affordable housing for rehabilitation of squatters. Resettlement colonies though planned schemes, are also to be upgraded

Madanpur Khadar Fig. 76 Zonal Development Plan for Zone O

Site Analysis

Evolution of the area over the years 2000-2016 Over the past 15 years, the Madanpur Khadar area has undergone major changes.

2000 The image shows the beginnings of the setllement and the original agricultural activity. Land has been cleared for inhabitation.

2005 Between the years 2000-2005 the settlement was born.

However, the houses were much smaller than seen today, and overall conditions were poor.

2010 With their savings, people built larger homes. The settlement shows beginnings of sprawl.

2016 The current situation is presented in the following pages.

Site

2000

Site

2005

Site

2010

Site

2016 61

Centre for Community Development

Site Precinct Primary Roads

Yamuna River

Jasola

Secondary Roads Metro Track Metro Station Indane LPG Bottling Plant

Neighbourhoods Jasola-Apollo Metro Station

Madanpur Khadar JJ Village

G.D. Birla Marg Sarita Vihar NH-2 /Mathura Road

Madanpur Khadar JJ Extension

SITE

Madanpur Khadar JJ Resettlement Colonny

Sarita Vihar Metro Station Fig. 77 Site Precinct Diagram

Sarita Vihar-Madanpur Khadar Road

Kalindi KunjMithapur Road

Jaitpur Road

Connectivity

The site is connected to the main city roads via the Sarita Vihar-Madanpur Khadar road.

62

The nearest metro station is the Sarita Vihar Metro station.

The upcoming Kalindi Kunj station, will be closer

Only two buses runthe 404 and the 465 which have very low frequency.

Shared autos run between the settlement and the Sarita Vihar Metro station.

Rickshaws are one of the main modes of transport within the settlement, which can be shared as well.

Shared e-rickshaws are the most preferred mode of transport- preferred for their value for money.

Site Analysis

Understanding the Site

Site Jalebi Chowk Samosa Chowk Fig. 78 Site Plan

The site for the project lies on the main street of the settlement.

The road intersection on which it lies is known as Samosa Chowk.

To the West of the site is the Madanpur Khadar Gaon.

To the South is Kachi Colony.

To the North is the Indian Oil LPG Bottling Plant which according to the new MPD 2021, is set to move to another site.

The plot area is 8 acres. However, this much land is not required for the intended project.

Thus, site extents shall vary.

Fig. 79 Site Photo

Fig. 80 Site Photo

Fig. 81 Site Photo

Fig. 82 Site Photo

View of the Site from the main road. Presently it is used as a playing field by local youth. Often it is used as a santuary for gamblers and drug addicts.

Improper garbage disposal has resulted in most open spaces doubling up as grounds to dump litter in.

In the case of this site, the periphery is garbage lined.

The neighbouring sites are those of small scale commerce and garbage segregation areas. Seen here is the view from site of the southern edge.

Ecological degradation over the years has resulted in poor diversity and soil quality. There are no major trees on site, just small shrubbery as pr

63

Centre for Community Development

Fig. 83 West Edge Elevation

Fig. 84 South Edge Elevation : Part 1

Fig. 85 South Edge Elevation : Part 2

Fig. 86 South Edge Elevation : Part 3 64

Chapter 5

Design Cues This chapter presents the design directions to be taken forward, as a result of the research done in the previous chapters.

Centre for Community Development

The inferences from research, case studies and site study, throw light on the complexity this project is dealing with. All the issues raise must now be addressed in the form of an architectural intervention.

SWOT Analysis Strengths

Weaknesses

This architectural intervention is to act as the nucleus of community life. The many aspects of the architectural manifestation of such a nucleus are highlighted ahead.

The site is located on the main road, running through the site. Samosa Chowk, a major landmark in the settlement, forms one corner of the site.

The site is two meters below the level of the road, and thus may be prone to water logging.

The site lies between the two distinct neighbourhoods of the settlement- Madanpur Khadar Extension and the JJ Resettlement Colony.

The site land is largely flat.

The site is bound by garbage sorting grounds on its east and west edges.

Presently, the site has one completely inactive edge, the boundary wall of the LPG Bottling plant.

Opportunities

Threats

There is great scope for the project to realise its goal- that to be a nucleus for the settlement, by virtue of its location.

The inactive edge may give a sense of insecurity, as may the garbage sorting grounds.

It will be cost effective by virtue of its being flatcosts wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be incurred in cut and fill of the land.

Both the neighbourhoods feel a sense of ownership over the centre, as it lies between the two neighbourhoods.

66

The site lacks preservable vegetation.

As the site is essentially, outside the neighbourhood, people may have to traverse considerable distances to reach the site, thus hindering its accessibility.

Design Cues

Design Directives 1 : The orange arrows show the direction of movement of traffic.

Vehicular access is confined to the edges of the site so that their is minimum vehicular penetration in the site.

2 : The orthogonal block shows the ideal orientation according to the sun path.

Fig. 87 Design Cues Diagram 01

Fig. 88 Design Cues Diagram 02

3 : Penetrability, both physical and visual must be ensured.

Physical penetrability may be restricted as per the demands of security and access but visually, the site will be penetrable from all active edges.

4 : As the major site edges abut the road, there is a need for an urban gesture on those edges. The gesture must allow for the passer by to engage with the site- if not physically, but visually at the least.

Fig. 89 Design Cues Diagram 03

Fig. 90 Design Cues Diagram 04

67

Centre for Community Development 5 : In order to convey the public-ness of the building, the ground floors will be kept as open as the program allows, as learnt from the Centro de Acção Social por Música case study.

6 : The site being depressed by two meters means that the levels can be exploited to create interesting circulation on site.

7 : Care will be taken to ensure that the all architectural expression is sensitive to the human scale and gestures will follow this principle.

Fig. 91 Design Cues Diagram 05

Fig. 92 Design Cues Diagram 06

8 : So that the various programmatic components can feed off of each other, interesting adjacencies and overlaps will be explored.

9 : Program segregation will need to be done in such a manner that the temporal nature of the program be addressed so that issues like security are not overlooked.

Fig. 93 Design Cues Diagram 07

68

Fig. 94 Design Cues Diagram 08

Fig. 95 Design Cues Diagram 09

PART 2

Design Evolution

Chapter 6

Design Strategies The following section presents the ideas and strategies employed to realise the design projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s goals, as presented in the previous chapters.

Centre for Community Development

Design Objectives

Design Strategies

Having understood the role the project must play and some of the guiding factors for the design of it, the next step is to conceptualise the design, and articulate the design objectives :

Fig. 96 Design Strategies Diagram 01

• To emphasize the public nature of the project • To make spaces where the people of the community feel comfortable gathering in and communicate.

• To create an environment which all the different user groups are both psychologically and physically comfortable dwelling in.

• To create a hub of activity for the community, which is vibrant.

• To give people a chance to express themselves and exercise freedom as they engage with the spaces created.

Creation of a street similar to that presented in the case study of the Community Centre of Sab Barnabe, off which secondary open spaces emerge, bouund by built.

Fig. 97 Design Strategies Diagram 02

• To activate every part of the site.

• To ensure seamless working of all the programmatic components where they function both, as a unit and as a part of a larger whole.

The underlying geometry for all the built is such that almost every block hugs a small courtyard, or open space, which assumes a different role for each programmatic component 72

Design Strategies

Fig. 98 Design Strategies Diagram 03

Fig. 99 Design Strategies Diagram 04

For ease of access, and to make a statement about the public nature of the project, a pathway runs at the first floor level, connecting the various blocks together.

The urban edge is treated in such a manner that it allows for visual penetration and physical, at regular intervals. The boundary is defined by a fence, that also allows for seating.

Fig. 100 Design Strategies Diagram 05

Fig. 101 Design Strategies Diagram 06

The lack of usable open space in the settlement drove the creation of a large consolidated open space, which is visible from the main road, and highly accessible.

To encourage creativity and claim ownership, some surfaces are painted with blackboard paint, on which anyone can draw and assert their identity.

73

Centre for Community Development

Zoning The community dining facility must be easily accessible from all the other spaces and hence is placed at the heart of the site.

The Dharamshala will get exclusively visitors and hence is situated in such a manner that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s easily accessible by road

The sports area feeds off of the large consolidated green and since it doubles up as a multipurpose hall, is situated so it is easily accessed by vehicles as well

To make a statement about the importance of education, the SBEC is situated on the front edge of the site

+

+

Fig. 102 Zoning Diagram 74

The public nature and the numbers envisioned to be visiting the dayclinic, were the reasons behind situating the dayclinic here

In placing the daycare here, it is not isolated from the rest of the buildings and interaction is encouraged.

However, security and privacy need to be addressed

Design Strategies EXTERNAL WALL SECTION AND ELEVATION

Technology Strategies Structure The structural system employed is a conventional RCC Frame Structure.

Tying in with the concept of creating an environment that the community people are comfortable in, the elevation will be that of exposed brickwork, as seen in the settlement.

However, unlike the settlement, the intention is to keep the elevational geometry pure and not chaotic. So that the plane is uninterrupted by beams, the slab is projected out to accommodate the width of the wall. As a result, only thin vertical strips of the face of the slab are visible on the elevation, to break the continuity of the exposed brickwork.

Justification for System employed : The reason for choosing the RCC Frame Structure System is as follows-It is appropriate according to the heights of the buildings as well as the spans of the spaces within.

-It is easy to construct at a relatively low cost.

-The daily wage labourers of the community can be engaged in the construction, which is a tried and tested method of fostering ownership of the project, which is a determinant of its success.

150 mm Slab

Exposed Brick masonry- Rat-Trap bonding

Fig. 103 Wall Section ReferenceKarnal Medical Centre, HTAU Architects

TRANSLATION The basic grid adopted is a 6m by 8m grid. This was done using the smallest unit of the Skill Building and Education Centre as the basis- one classroom. This grid varies to become 4 x 4, 6 x 4 and 6 x 6 grids as well.

Beams of 450 mm width and 600 mm depth run across the spans, to support the 150 mm deep slab.

Secondary beams have been introduced where the span is 8 m .

30 mm Brick Tile

450 mm wide and 600 mm deep beam

450 mm by 450 mm square column

150 mm thick slab 100 mm sand 200 mm brick bats

Fig. 104 External Wall Section

Fig. 105 Built Block of Multipurpose Hall

One brick-on-edge resting on beam Raft Footing Beam

Rammed Earth Ground Line

Upturned 1000 mm deep RCC beam

300 mm wide tie beams RCC Columns

Fig. 106 Structure of Multipurpose Hall 75

Centre for Community Development

Water and Drainage

Waste Management

Electricity

The site is depressed in its entirety by 2 meters so managing drainage is an important aspect of the design.

The community kitchen will generate a lot of organic waste which can be put to good use

by COMPOSTING.

To generate electricity on site, solar panels will be a-fixed to selected buildings.

For the purpose, the concept of BIOSWALES will be implemented, as a landscape feature across the site.

Composting converts organic material, such as yard waste and kitchen scraps, into nutrient-rich material that improves the soil and fertilizes plants.

Bioswales are landscape elements designed to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides (less than six percent) and filled with vegetation.

The compost thus created can be fed back into the kitchen garden plants.

IN THIS MANNER A CYCLE IS CREATED.

Depending upon the geometry of land available, a bioswale may have a meandering or almost straight channel alignment

The tilt in Delhi for Solar panels is 13 degrees in summer and 43 degrees in winter.

13°

ON SITE COMPOSTING PITS

The water’s flow path, along with the wide and shallow ditch, is designed to maximize the time water spends in the swale, which aids the trapping of pollutants and silt.

These panels will need to be adjusted to the solar tilt according to the season, to maximise solar radiation falling on the panel.

Fig. 112 Summer Angle of Solar Panel ORGANIC WASTE FROM COMMUNITY KITCHEN AND DINING FACILITY

KITCHEN GARDEN PLANTS

Fig. 111 Composting System

76

107

109

43°

108

13°

Fig. 107 Bio Swale System Fig. 108, 109, 110 Location of swales on site

Fig. 113 Winter Angle of Solar Panel

110

Design Strategies

HVAC

To ensure insulation in the most cost effective way, brick-bonding will be done in RAT-TRAP BOND.

Bearing both cost and design considerations in mind, the material palette envisioned for the project is as follows :

Fig. 117 Solar Chart for 28 degree latitude

Fig. 114 Rat Trap Bond ORIENTATION With an understanding of both the programmatic requirements as well as the climatic considerations, the an effort has been made to orient the buildings in such a manner that the longer facades face north and south.

Brick

Paint on Plaster

Exposed Concrete

Black Metal

Fig. 118 Vertical Louvers

SUN SHADING Delhi lies on the 28 degree latitude and the sun angles were calculated for the months April to October to cover the hottest months of the year.

The louvres will be metal screens with creepers growing on them which when they thicken, will shade from the sun.

Fig. 115 Material Palette

N

EAST/ WEST FACADE The buildings on site are oriented in two directions ans sun shading devicesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; dimensions were calculated for both. For example,for the buildings oriented 3 degrees north west, the sun angle was calculated to be 57 degrees at 4 pm and louvre dimensions were calculated accordingly

SOUTH FACADE Instead of conventional chajjas, it was attempted to shade the entire storey. The sun angle was calculated at 10 am and the sun angle was found to be 48 degrees. Instead of a projection, the windows have been recessed and storage is also Fig. 116 Site created.

Plan showing Fig.120 Vertical Louvers in Plan orientation Fig.121 Horizontal Shading Devices in Plan

Fig. 119 Horizontal Shading Device

120

121

77

Chapter 7

Design Evolution This chapter presents the evolution of the design and the project over the course of the semester. The pros and cons of each iteration are also presented, which aided in the progress to the next stage.

Centre for Community Development

Over the course of the semester, the design evolved as new concepts, constraints and conditions were factored into the design. The context was a challenge, as was the program and its articulation. At each stage, a new challenge was revealed to the author, which was then addressed in the subsequent iteration.

Given below is the evolution of the figure ground of the design over the 16 weeks :

Sketch Design

Design Development I

Design Development II

Design Development III

Pre-Final

Sketch Design STRENGTHS • Basic understanding of volumes and the ground coverage • Introduction of court concept WEAKNESSES • Poor site response, no understanding of access • Very large continuous volumes • No articulation of open spaces 80

Above, Fig. 122 Study model of Sketch design Left, Fig. 123 Plan of Sketch design

Design Evolution

Design Development I STRENGTHS • Zoning of Skill Building and Education Centre, as the introduction to the site, and hence making a statement about the importance of education.

• Better articulation of volumes and open spaces, however both still wanting.

• Access points to site identified.

• Further exploration of courtyard concept.

• Interior spaces detailed, understood.

WEAKNESSES • Edge conditions not articulated • Access not resolved, depression in site not accounted for.

• No continuity in form, massing not balanced.

• Zoning not satisfactory.

• Open spaces not articulated properly.

Multipurpose Room T1

Multipurpose Room T1

Adult Daycare Centre Meet and Greet Area

Office

Satellite Kitchen

First Aid Room

Dining Area

Room T2 Multipurpose Room T2 Multipurpose

Packaging and Dispatch

Preparation

Storage

Woodwork Workshop

Metalwork Workshop

Plumbing Workshop

Food Lab

Skill Development and Education Centre

Classroom Classroom Classroom

Admin

CR Double Height Entry Lobby

Classroom

Indoor Sports Area and Multipurpose Hall

Path Lab

CR 1

CR 1 CR 1

X-Ray Lab

Dispensary

Waiting Hall

CR 2

CR 1

CR 1 Admin Masonry Workshop

Dayclinic

CR 2

Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom Classroom

Fig.124 Design Development I Plan Below, Fig. 125 Zoning Studies

81

Centre for Community Development

Design Development II STRENGTHS • Satisfactory zoning • 2 meter depression in site accounted for, attempt made to exploit levels • Edge conditions articulated, but wanting

1 : Skill Building and Education Centre 2 : Dayclinic 3 : Child Daycare 4 : Indoor Sports+ Multipurpose Hall 5 : Dharmashala

4 5

WEAKNESSES • Very large continuous volumes • Poor articulation of open spaces • Interior quality of space unsatisfactory

3

1 2

Site Plan

Fig. 126 Plan of Design Development II

82

Scale- 1: 250

Nikita Bhargava A/2358/2011 B.Arch Fifth Year Section B 11/04/2016

Design Evolution

Design Development III STRENGTHS • Attempt made at balancing massing • Improvement in quality of interior spaces • Notion of continuity in massing introduced • Understanding of an entrance courtyard and primary ‘street’ WEAKNESSES • No articulation of access routes and parking • Large continuous faces • Poor articulation of open spaces

Indoor Sports + Multipurpose Hall

Dharamshala

Community Kitchen + Dining Facility Pantry Classroom

Classroom

Toilets Laundry + Store

Cot Room

Classroom

Multipurpose Room Cot Room

Multipurpose Room

Cot Room

Adult Daycare

Office

Entry Lobby Staff Room

Workshop

Food Lab

Workshop

Entry Lobby

Multipurpose Room

Workshop

Skill Building and Education Centre

Emergency Beds

Reading and Computer Room CR

Lab

Lab

Waiting Hall

Classroom Workshop

Store

Dispensary

Toilets Admin

Dayclinic

Fig. 127 Plan of Design Development III

83

Centre for Community Development

Pre-Final Design STRENGTHS • Scale of volumes and open spaces satisfactory • Balanced massing and continuity of form • Pronounced underlying geometry in built form • Interior quality of space satisfactory

A’

WEAKNESSES • Edge conditions still need better articulation • Open spaces still need better articulation • Interior spaces need detailing out • Needs better exploitation of levels • Understanding of climate, services and building technology needs to reflect

A

Site Plan

Fig. 128 Plan of Pre-Final Design

84

Scale- 1: 250

Nikita Bhargava A/2358/2011 B.Arch Fifth Year Section B `28/04/2016

Design Evolution

Vehicular Route

Dharamshala, section through court

Open Air Theatre for congregation

Community Dining and Kitchen Facility

Skil Building and Education Centre, section through court

Visually and Physically penetrable urban Edge

LVL +7450 LVL +4450 LVL +1450 LVL -2000

Fig. 129 Section AAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Sections Scale- 1:250

Nikita Bhargava A/2358/2011 B.Arch Fifth Year Section B 28/04/2016

Fig. 130 Collage of model photos

85

Centre for Community Development

Conclusions By the end of the pre-final stage, the broad gestures have been resolved- the horizontal and vertical zoning, definition of open spaces and the overall language. However, much is wanting in terms of detailing and space articulation. The public nature is emphasized in maintaining porosity but the upper levels need to be more accessible and interconnected. The overall geometry is consistent, where the courtyard typology followed for most buildings. However, the scheme still requires a lot of resolution, for it to come together in a cohesive manner.

So far, the thesis journey has been one where each stage is an improvement on the last in some aspects, but one where new challenges are revealed, and more problems present themselves, to be solved.

The initial intent of the project which was to propose and design an intervention that affects social change, is not forgotten. Through research and enlightening discussions with peers and faculty, the project has come a long way from its initial stages. However, in hindsight, a large part of the semester was spent in formulating the project and its parameters, as it was a hypothetical project and more time should have been spent on the design and its resolution.

86

Chapter 8

Final Portfolio The following section presents the culmination of the thesis journey- the final portfolio of work.

Centre for Community Development

After the pre-final stage, the scheme was refined in terms of the building geometries, site planning, built-unbuilt relationships, elevational treatment and landscaping.

As the scheme is best understood as a whole, site sections and site elevations were drafted to understand the dynamics at play between the built and unbuilt.

Two physical models were constructed- one, a detailed model at the scale of 1:200 and the other, a context model, at the scale of 1:500.

Given below are post facto diagrams explaining the main concepts and principles driving the scheme :

Dayclinic Administration Child Daycare

Zoning

Adult Daycare Skill Building and EducationCantre Community Dining and Kitchen Facility Dharamshala Multipurpose Hall 2 Storeys 4 Storeys 5 Storeys

Volumes 88

The zoning is such that there are complementary adjacencies. The entire complex is envisioned to be interdependent in terms of program and the various components are integrated in such a manner that they can benefit from the proximity of another.

The volumes are a reflection of the program they house, and the appropriate scale for the same. Care has been taken to ensure that along the main pedestrian routes, the human scale is respected.

Final Portfolio

Public Program Semi Public Program Private Program

The site is organised in such a manner that public functions are arranged along the main pedestrian avenues.

This principle is applied even on the upper floor, with the elevated pathway.

Privacy Vehicular Circulation

Pedestrian Circulation

Movement Kitchen Garden Mini Football Field Public Playground Public Park

Vehicular access is restricted to the edges and programs that require servicing like the multipurpose hall and the dharamshala are easily accessible. Pedestrian axes are created in both north-south and eastwest direction. An elevated pathway connects the programs at the upper floors, further exaggerating the public nature of the project.

The open spaces have been dealt with, with the same sensitivity as the built, as these are to host many community activities as well. An attempt has been made to create a variety of landscapes and experiences.

Landscaping 89

Centre for Community Development 1 : Skill Building and Education Centre 2 : Dayclinic 3 : Child Daycare 4 : Community Kitchen and Dining Facility 5 : Indoor Sports Area and Multifunctional Hall 6 : Dharamshala

Site Plan 90

Final Portfolio

First Floor Plan 91

Centre for Community Development 1 : Skill Building and Education Centre 2 : Dharamshala

Second Floor Plan 92

Final Portfolio

Third Floor Plan 93

Centre for Community Development

Roof Plan 94

Final Portfolio

Site Elevations 95

Centre for Community Development This transverse section cutting primarily through the Skill Building and Education Centre and the Child Daycare gives a sense of the volume of the two buildings and the spaces they encompass. The Skill Building Centre, by virtue of its program is one of the largest masses on site.

However, care has been taken to break those volumes and provide visual relief.

This transverse section cuts through what is envisioned to be the heart of the site , through the community dining facility , the community gathering space and the mini sports field. This is envisioned to be the hub of activity- where events will take place, festivals celebrated and community spirit fostered.

Site Sections 96

Final Portfolio This Longitudinal section cutting through the Dharamshala, the Community Dining Facility and the Skill Building Centre gives a sense of the volumes between adjacent buildings. It also highlights the private-ness or public -ness of functions , where the Dharamshala is inward looking and some of the classrooms of the skill building centre open outwardsenvisioned to be rented out for after school classes.

This longitudinal section highlights the relation between the outdoor and indoor spaces that have been created.

The indoor spaces are imagined to be intimate, and their purpose clearly defined. The outdoor spaces are generous and can host a number of different activities.

Site Sections 97

Centre for Community Development Fig. 131,132,133 and 134 : Photographs of the Context Model at 1:500 scale Fig. 135,136,137, 138 and 139 : Photographs of the Detailed Model at 1:200 scale

131

Model Photographs 98

134

132

133

Context Model

Final Portfolio

136

137

135

138

139

Detailed Model 99

Centre for Community Development

Area Statements Programmatic Component Skill Building Child Day Care Adult Day Care Day Clinic Administration Kitchen Multi purpose hall Dharamshaala TOTAL BUILT UP

Proposed Total Achieved Total Area Area 7042 1071 1989 410 575 1164 1246 3341 16838

6264 941 782 686 656 784 1197 5034 16344

Total Site Area = 23623 sq.m.

Total Built-up Area = 16832 sq.m.

Floor Area Ratio = 0.713 Ground Coverage = 25 % No. of car parking spaces = 75 No. of 2 wheeler parking spaces = 50 +

EACH PROGRAMMATIC COMPONENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA :

7% Multi purpose hall

31%

Skill Building Day Care 38%

Day Clinic Kitchen

5% 8%

Dharamshaala 11%

Fig. 140 Pie Chart showing each programmatic component as a percentage of the total built up area 100

Final Portfolio

Conclusions There is always scope for improvement and the same can be said even for the final product. However, the process of arriving at this product has taught me so much. Thought I may not be entirely satisfied with the end result, I feel I am that much better for having kept at it. Though the entire B. Arch course is a lesson in hard work and perseverance, I have learnt their true value through the thesis semester.

JURY COMMENTS : The jury did not really comment on the scheme, rather, it just questioned some aspects of it that were unclear, such as the exact nature of the context, and the definition of an adult daycare. The jury did however point out that the bio-swales should have led up to the storage tank, rather than have pipes carry the water to it.

There were no negative comments from the jury. A faculty member sitting in the audience had positive comments, and commended the idea behind the scheme and the hard work put in.

101

Bibliography

Big Change. [online]. https://placesjournal.org/article/ relearning-the-social-architecture-and-change/

ANDERSON, Nadia (2014). Public Interest Design: Expanding Architecture and. Public: A Journal of Imagining America, 2 (2),.

WERTHMANN, Christian and BEARDSLEY, John (2008). Improving Informal Settlements: Ideas from Latin America. [online]. http://www.harvarddesignmagazine.org/ issues/28/improving-informal-settlements-ideas-fromlatin-america

AWAN, Nishat, SCHNEIDER, Tatjana and TILL, Jeremy (2011). Spatial Agency: Other Ways Of Doing Architecture.

Routledge.

BURTE, Himanshu (2008). Space For Engagement. Seagull Books.

Categorisation of Settlements in Delhi. (2015). [online]. citiesofdelhi.cprindia.org [online]. https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/spaces/ characteristics.htm [online]. http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in:8080/jspui/ bitstream/10603/15094/8/08_chapter%202.pdf Issue Paper on Informal Settlements. (2015). [online]. http:// unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Habitat-IIIIssue-Paper-22_Informal-Settlements-2.0.pdf KLANTEN, Robert, et al. (2012). Going Public: Public Architecture, Urbanism and Interventions. Gestalten.

RIANO, Quilian (2010). Relearning the Social: Architecture and Change-A review of the MoMA exhibition Small Scale,

List of Figures FIGURE NUMBER

SOURCE

Fig. 1 Development of the project Logo

Author

Fig. 2 Social Architecture is necessarily wholly integrated with its environment

Author

Fig. 3,4 Panels from the ‘Small Scale, Big Change: New Architectures of Social Engagement’ exhibition

https://placesjournal.org/article/the-art-of-advocacy-the-museum-as-design-laboratory/

Fig. 5 Photograph of Primary School, Gando, Burkina Faso which was exhibited

http://archleague.org/2010/10/small-scale-bigchange-new-architectures-of-social-engagement/

Fig. 6 Drawing of Red Location Museum of Struggle, Port Elizabeth, South Africa which was exhibited

http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/blog/ small-scale-big-change-new-architectures-social-engagement

Fig. 7 Praxis lies at the intersection of theory and practice

Unpublished paper-Everyday Urbanism, 2016

Fig. 8 Methodology proposed in the seminar ‘Everyday Urbanism’ for the praxis of architecture, when intervening in everyday space

Unpublished paper-Everyday Urbanism, 2016

Fig. 9,10,11 Images from the proposal for the Nanum Village in Vietnam by Samsung Electronics

http://www.architectureindevelopment.org/ news.php?id=110

Fig. 12,13 Images of some of the educational parks built in Antiquoia, Colombia

FIGURE NUMBER

SOURCE

Fig. 23 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite image

Author

Fig. 24 Site Render- Before intervention and After

Author

Fig. 25 Centro de Acção Social por Música Site Plan

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 26 Basement Plan

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 27 Ground Floor Plan

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 28 First and Second Floor Plan

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 29 Third Floor Plan

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 30 Social & Physical catalysts for the project

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 31 Programmatic Composition of the Fábrica de Música

Author

Fig. 32 Perspective section through the building

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 33 Presentation panel for Building Systems for the Fábrica de Música from the architects

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 34 Building render of Fábrica de Música

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 35 Building render of Fábrica de Música

Urban Think Tank

Fig. 36 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite image

Author

Fig. 14, 15 Activities carried out as a part of the Skateistan initiative.

https://www.skateistan.org/content/our-story

Fig. 37 Photograph of Rear Elevation of the Polyclinic for the Destitute building from the railway tracks

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 16 The second image shows a more occupiable space, owing to increase in comfort

(Burte 2008)

Fig. 17 First image shows visual penetrability and the second image shows extensional penetrability

(Burte 2008)

Fig. 38 Photograph of Front Elevation of the Polyclinic for the Destitute building from another building

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio http:// ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 18 First image shows an illegible space and the second image, by virtue of its articulation, is legible

(Burte 2008)

Fig. 39 Ground Floor Plan

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 19 A decrease in space available for movement will lead to an increase in the chances of encounter

(Burte 2008)

Fig. 40 First Floor Plan

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 20 A scene from Madanpur Khadar Colony

Author

Fig. 41 Section

Fig. 21 There is a preference for active recreation over passive recreation in places like informal settlements

Author

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 42 Front Elevation

http://ebuild.in/polyclinic-for-the-destitute-new-delhi-romi-khosla-design-studio

Fig. 22 Slum eviction and relocation sites

Article : COMMONWEALTH GAMES 2010: DISPLACEMENT OF PERSONS

Fig. 43 View of entrance lobby from the floor above

Author

Fig. 44 Condition of stairwell

Author

FIGURE NUMBER

SOURCE

FIGURE NUMBER

SOURCE

Fig. 45 NGO office on the top floor

Author

Fig. 72 Site Plan

Fig. 46 Cardboard boxes in the lobby of the top floor

Author

Fig. 73 Functional Relationship Diagram

Author

Fig. 47 Site Location and access on Google Earth satellite image

Author

Fig. 74 Program development diagram

Author

Fig. 48 Panel of images of Nizamuddin Basti

Author

Fig. 75 Slum eviction and relocation sites

Article : COMMONWEALTH GAMES 2010: DISPLACEMENT OF PERSONS

Fig. 49 Sketched Plan of the MCD Polyclinic

Author

Fig. 76 Zonal Development Plan for Zone O

Delhi Development Authority

Fig. 50 Functional Relationship Diagram of the Polylinic

Author

Fig. 77 Site Precinct Diagram

Author

Fig. 51 Sketched Plan of the Vocational Training Centre

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Fig. 78 Site Plan

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Fig. 79 Site Photo

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Fig. 52 Sketched Plan of the Aga Khan Office

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Fig. 80 Site Photo

Fig. 53 Sketched Plan of the Community Toilets

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Fig. 81 Site Photo

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Fig. 54 Programmatic Composition of the Hope Foundation Building

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Fig. 82 Site Photo

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Fig. 83 West Edge Elevation

Fig. 55 Sewing Room at the Vocational Training Centre

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Fig. 84 South Edge Elevation : Part 1

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Fig. 56 Kitchen at the VCT

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Fig. 85 South Edge Elevation : Part 2

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Fig. 57 Reception of the clinic at the Hope Foundation Building(HFB)

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Fig. 86 South Edge Elevation : Part 3

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Fig. 87 Design Cues Diagram 01

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Fig. 58 Dental Room at the clinic

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Fig. 88 Design Cues Diagram 02

Fig. 59 Nursery Class at the HFB

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Fig. 89 Design Cues Diagram 03

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Fig. 60 Informal School class at the HFB

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Fig. 90 Design Cues Diagram 04

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Fig. 61 Consultation Room at the Polyclinic

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Fig. 91 Design Cues Diagram 05

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Fig. 92 Design Cues Diagram 06

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Fig. 93 Design Cues Diagram 07

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Fig. 94 Design Cues Diagram 08

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Fig. 95 Design Cues Diagram 09

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Fig. 65 Project Sustainability matrix

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Fig. 96 Design Strategies Diagram 01

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Fig. 66 Project Render

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Fig. 97 Design Strategies Diagram 02

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Fig. 67 Project Render

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Fig. 98 Design Strategies Diagram 03

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Fig. 68 Site Plan

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Fig. 99 Design Strategies Diagram 04

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Fig. 69 Aerial view of the Uva El Paraiso building

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Fig. 100 Design Strategies Diagram 05

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Fig. 70 Photograph of rooftop gym

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Fig. 101 Design Strategies Diagram 06

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Fig. 102 Zoning Diagram

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Fig. 62 Aerial view of the Community Center building Fig. 63 View from the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of the Community Center Fig. 64 Section drawings of the Community Center

Fig. 71 Photograph of interiors

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Fig. 103 Wall Section Reference- Karnal Medical Centre, HTAU Architects

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Fig. 104 External Wall Section

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Fig. 105 Built Block of Multipurpose Hall

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Fig. 106 Structure of Multipurpose Hall

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Fig. 107 Bio Swale System

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Fig. 108, 109, 110 Location of swales on site

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Fig. 111 Composting System

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Fig. 112 Summer Angle of Solar Panel

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Fig. 113 Winter Angle of Solar Panel

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Fig. 114 Rat Trap Bond’

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Fig. 115 Material Palette

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Fig. 116 Site Plan showing orientation

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Fig. 117 Solar Chart for 28 degree latitude

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Fig. 118 Vertical Louvers

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Fig. 119 Horizontal Shading Device

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Fig.120 Vertical Louvers in Plan

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Fig.121 Horizontal Shading Devices in Plan

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Fig. 122 Study model of Sketch design ’

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Fig. 123 Plan of Sketch design

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Fig.124 Design Development I Plan

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Fig. 125 Zoning Studies

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Fig. 126 Plan of Design Development II

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Fig. 127 Plan of Design Development III

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Fig. 128 Plan of Pre-Final Design

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Fig. 129 Section AA’

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Fig. 130 Collage of model photos

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Fig. 131,132,133 and 134 : Photographs of the Context Model at 1:200 scale

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Fig. 135,136,137, 138 and 139 : Photographs of the Detailed Model at 1:500 scale

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Fig. 140 Pie Chart showing each programmatic component as a percentage of the total built up area

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