MLA Capstone 2020_Nikolai Fjelstad De Santiago

Urban Mainstreams Adapting recreation to perform with the fluctuations of future climate projections

Capstone booklet 2020 by nikolai fjelstad de santiago

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Table of Contents Intro _03 Site Location _06 Site History _08 concerns _11 site hydrology _12 Precedents _16 Proximity maps _20 materials and metaphors _23

Intro

Site diagrams _25 Typologies _26 Section and Site plan _27 Site Axons _28 Full Site sections _32 Section breakdown/renderings _34 Bibliography _44 Area 51, Eindhoven, Netherlands

Craig’s Ranch, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

The form and funtion of skateparks in the USA are out of date. As Skateboarding has been added to the Olympic Games, Skateparks play a bigger role today for individuals to learn and grow. What is also increasing is the need for mitigation of our hydrologic infrastructure and systems. Because we have altered our landscape we have enabled water to become a vessel for the transportation of excess nutrients, pollution and trash. A piece of trash that was thrown into Lake Minnetonka can reach the Gulf of Mexico due to these alterations. In an attempt to tackle these issues, my capstone project focus is mainly on the ecological, hydrological and recreational aspects that could increase social and dynamic spaces in the Hiawatha-Nokomis Park area. Creating a hybrid landscape that takes all of these issues and combines into a multi-functional solution.

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Guiding Questions: How can urban ecologies function in part of action sport infrastructure?

Alt-Skatepark, Memphis Tennesses, USA Photographs with [***] are my own.

What can we do to make pollution more visible and raise concern from the Upper Mississippi through recreaction?

Craig’s Ranch, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

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LAKE HIAWATHA

Site Location: Lake Nokomis Park

MINNEHAHA CREEK

MINNEAPOLIS

LAKE NOKOMIS

Lake Nokomis Park

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Site History

1956

1932

https://minneapolisparkhistory.com/

https://minneapolisparkhistory.com/ http://www.standish-ericsson.org/historical-photographs.html

in the early 1920’s and 30’s plans for parks in minneapolis were begining to develop around the public land survey system. in result of this we got the grand rounds park system which includes lake nokomis and lake hiawatha (rice lake at that time.) as the parks were being develpoed, the nokomis neighborhood wanted to “improve” the area nearest to lake hiawatha which then was a lowland marsh. Using the soil and sediments that were dredge out of Lake nokomis to increase volume capacity, were also used to fill in the wet marsh adjacent to lake hiawatha and create a golf course.

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http://www.standish-ericsson.org/historical-photographs.html

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Present

Concerns Pollution

Fertilizer Fecal matter Pesticides Vehicle waste Pesticides Increase of sediments

Urban tributaries Storm Events Carelss Humans Use of non-biodegradables Urban tributaries Storm Events Irresponsible Humans

Trash

Mississippi River Maintenance Practices Agriculture Runoff Lack of BPM Impervious Surfaces

Gulf of MX

Impervious Surfaces Irresponsible Humans Lack of care Lack of catchments

Climate change Impervious Surfaces Out of date infrastructure

Flooding

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Site Hydrology

as we have increased the amount of impervious surfaces in the cities and created new paths for stormwater to quickly travel, we have also enabled these urban tributaries to become a vessel to carry pollutants, excess sediments/nutrients and non-biodegradable literally cross country and to the gulf of mexico.

Cairo, Illinois

Memphis,

36°59’01.23”N 89°08’20.69”W 35°10’28.29”N 90°02’48.06”W 12

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Minnehaha Creek Watershed District:

Minnehaha Creek Watershed District: Synthesized

Minnehaha Creek Watershed District: Waterbodies and creek

Minnehaha Creek Watershed District: Areas at risk of flood

Cedar Lake

Lake of the Isles

Lake Bde maka ska

commercial

industrial

Harriet Lake

Downtown MPLS

MINNEAPOLIS

Downtown STP

iver

WOODLAND

+930.00 DEEPHAVEN

Diamond Lake

pi R

ssip

si Mis

+929.00

ST. LOUIS PARK

Min

Lake Hiawatha Lake Nokomis

Saint Paul

WAYZATA MINNETONKA

aha

neh

residential

k

e Cre

+812.50

HOPKINS

100-year Flood event

West Saint Paul

500-year Flood

MSP Airport EDINA

South Saint Paul

Site

City of Eagen

Minnesota River 14

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Precedent

Bethemplein Plaza, Rotterdam, Netherlands This plaza in Rotterdam is a water retention basin that captures all the water accumulated off the roofs and into these pools. They also function as a skate spot. Going there in person allowed me to see they put a lot of thought into the water controlling aspect and not so much into the skate features but I appreciated the thought behind it.

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Precedent

Rabalderparken, Roskilde, Denmark This is a water retention swale in Denmark that functions both as a place to temporarily keep water and secondly as a skate park. The idea behind this could have similar values for the community of Nokomis-Hiawatha with the issues they are facing such as flooding and the accumulation of trash.

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Proximity

Traditional Recreation Radius

Circulation: The Grand Round + Proximity to SK8 + 8-Mile Radius of Hiawatha-Nokomis Park

As we can see in this map, there are only 9 skateparks/skate spots in the twin cities in an 8-mile radius. what is also visible is the grand round bike trail which encompasses most of mpls

Morris Skatepark

In this map there are about 15 baseball diamonds in a 3-mile radius and one pathetic skatepark (morris Skatepark) which is highly out of date..

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Recreation

Materials & Metaphors

1-mile radius around Hiawatha-Nokomis Park

Lake Superior agates

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@LSAgates

I wanted to include in the skatepark design a metaphorical view of shapes and landforms that resemblethe midwestern topography of eskers, kettles and knobs. shapes seen in lake superior agates if one can imagine the lines as micro topography lines or seen as a potential plan for a skatepark bowl. I also wanted to include a gradient of biomes across the planted areas and increase the amount of evergreens at the top of the hill and increase the amount of trees which are flood tolerant. All of the water that passes through the minnehaha creek also reaches mississippi delta and the gulf of mexico, which is represented in the meandering paths that connect and weave together ultimately creating endless combinations of path flows

Landforms; esker/Kettle/knobs

Minnesota Biomes

Mississippi Delta

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Site Diagrams

Influx of water

Fabric Form Concrete

Connection & Intervention

Land shaped by metaphor

Placemaking: Kettle and Knobs

Although I am not breaking out of the trend of using concrete in a skatepark design, the use of it would be efficient where it need to be and vice versa. Using fabric formed concrete this would allow us to create a wildly new forms in and on the backside of ramps.

Creating multi-purpose quarter-pipes with a bouldering wall on the opposite would be practical and open up the public to a newly added recreation. https://www.concreteconstruction.net/products/concrete-construction-equipment-tools/fabric-forms_o

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typologies

Concrete Bowl

Knobs and Floodability

Minnehaha Creek Interceptor

Section and site plan

Coniferous Island and Retention

carving into the landscape like the waterways of the mississippi delta, an interconnected open path system is born. I wanted this skatepark to literally branch out of the restricted squares and rectangals skateparks have become and tranform into a connected series of hybrid skatepark features such as a snake run, plaza, quarter-pipe, full-pipes, bowls, gaps, transfers, ledges to grind and rails.

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full Site Axon

Element Callouts

The area nearest to the community center is a multi-seasonal plaza that was a skate-plaza in the warmer months and an ice-plaza in the winter. For the design of the park I wanted to incorporarte a methaphorical view including lake superior agates, Minnesotan geology/landforms/biomes and the Mississippi Delta. for this design i wanted to take a new spin on a midwestern version of snake runs (a skatepark feature) and incorporate a landform in Minnesota known as an esker. alongside the esker run would be kettle and knob gardens that capture stormwater or create a dry highpoint.

Keeping as many existing healthy trees as possible was an important decision in where the paths are located and meander around to avoid root damage.

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Program zones

Existing vegetation (on site) Keep All healthy vegetation on site and build around mature trees to keep footprint of skatepark minimal.

The area nearest to the community center is a multi-seasonal plaza that was a skate-plaza in the warmer months and an ice-plaza in the winter. For the design of the park I wanted to incorporarte a methaphorical view including lake superior agates, Minnesotan geology/landforms/biomes and the Mississippi Delta. for this design i wanted to take a new spin on a midwestern version of snake runs (a skatepark feature) and incorporate a landform in Minnesota known as an esker. alongside the esker run would be kettle and knob gardens that capture stormwater or create a dry highpoint.

Keeping as many existing healthy trees as possible was an important decision in where the paths are located and meander around to avoid root damage.

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Meandering Path and new topo Meandering around mature/established trees to determine where kettle and knob gardens will be placed and where grill and chill spots are located .

New Planting areas and existing plant list

floodable area / kettle Gardens

As we can see there are some tree species on this list that are susceptible to future climate projections and pests.

Using native plants in the floodable areas and kettle gardens will help better establish a suitable environment

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Full Site sections

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Full site Section : West side

Zone-1 Axon The west side of the park includes a kayak launch/ trash interceptor port. using a passive system of stadnign polls in the water will eventually build up debris and can be cleaned by the public. deep bowls to retain some of that 100-year storm event and capture pollutants all in one and connect them to an overflow through and underground full-pipe. to increase resiliency against floods trees that are flood tolerant such as river birch, swamp white oaks and tamaracks would be added.

Zone-2 Axon

Zone-1

Zone-2

Zone-3 Axon

Zone-3

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Zone-4 Axon

East Side Section

Zone-4

Zone-5

on the east side of the park, this is the aerea nearest to the lake nokomis community center. As I said before the plaza adjacent to the center will be multi-seasonal and have multi-purpose by acting like a skate plaza in the warm months and and ice-rink in the freezing months. moving down hill we begin at the esker-run which has interconnected paths that create transfer zones. on the inside of the paths are the planting areas which will be planted with native vegetation and include a rock swale to help guide the water further down. on the sides of the esker runs will be kettle gardens that capture some of that runoff water and filter it through plants

Zone-6 38

Zone-5 Axon

Zone-6 Axon

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Bibliography Parks and Skatepark resources:

Plants/vegetation/materials resources:

DUCLOS-ORSELLO, ELIZABETH ANN. “COMMUNITY AND OPEN SPACE: Parks and Playgrounds in St. Paul.” In Modern Bonds: Redefining Community in Early Twentieth-Century St. Paul, 124-38. Amherst; Boston: University of Massachusetts Press, 2018. http://www.jstor.org.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/stable/j.ctv3s8twm.9.

“Blue-Green Algae and Harmful Algal Blooms.” Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 23 Dec. 2019, www.pca.state.mn.us/water/blue-green-algae-and-harmful-algal-blooms.

https://www.minneapolisparks.org/_asset/dknrfm/skate_park_activity_plan.pdf

“Minnesota Native Grasses and Sedges-Prairie Restorations and Lakeshore.” Natural Shore Technologies Inc Grasses and Sedges, 2019, www.naturalshore.com/grasses-and-sedges/.

Pugalis, Lee, Jon Swords, Michael Jeffries, and Bob Giddings. “Toonsformation: Skateboarders’ Renegotiation of City Rights. ” In Justice and Fairness in the City: A Multi-disciplinary Approach to ‘ordinary’ Cities, edited by Davoudi Simin and Bell Derek, 125-48. Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2016 . doi:10.2307/j.ctt1t89bsf.15.

Shaw, Dan. “Pollinator Habitat.” MN Board of Water, Soil Resources, 2019, bwsr.state.mn.us/practices/pollinator/index.html.

“Brief History of Skateparks.” Public Skatepark Development Guide, 2006, publicskateparkguide.org/vision/brief-history-of-skateparks/.

“Fabric Form Concrete.” Concreteconstruction.net, 2016, www.concreteconstruction.net/products/concrete-construction-equipment-tools/fabric-forms_o.

-Looking at landscape architecture through the lens of a person who ride skateboards and getting their inside perspective of how much it means to people to have these places to do their acrobats and tricks.

Zell, Jennifer. “PIPE DREAM.” Landscape Architecture 96, no. 3 (2006): 86-93. http://www.jstor.org.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/stable/44676084.

Hydrology:

-This article talks about the actual making of skateparks and who should be designing these spaces. Less than more of the designer of skateparks do not actually participate in the design process, which shows in the performance of the spot.

Newman, Carol. “THE MAKINGS OF A SKATEPARK.” Landscape Architecture 94, no. 4 (2004): http://www.jstor.org.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/stable/44675054.

“Minnehaha Creek Watershed District.” MCWD: Minnehaha Creek Watershed District, 2019, www.minnehahacreek.org/maps.

Monitoring Report. www.minnehahacreek.org/sites/minnehahacreek.org/files/pdfs/monitoringreports/2005%20Hydrodata%20Report.pdf.

GOLIČNIK, Barbara. “Parks and Their Users.” Urbani Izziv 19, no. 2 (2008): vxxxxxxxhttp://www.jstor.org.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/stable/24906038.

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. “Water Quality: Lake Hiawatha.” Environmental Data Application - Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2019, cf.pca.state.mn.us/water/watershedweb/wdip/details.cfm?wid=27-0018-00.

-Looking into the behavior that comes from an unsupervised place for teens to hang out and how they develop. From the older crowd influences to the moms that try to control teens, there are no boundaries at these places.

Taylor, M. F. and U. Khan(2011) Skate-park builds, teenaphobia and the adolescent need for hang-out spaces: The social utility and functionality of urban skate parks. Journal of Urban Design. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2011.586142

History:

“Transforming water infrastructure by linking water management and urban renewal in Rotterdam” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162510000636

“Historical Photographs.” STANDISH, 2007, www.standish-ericsson.org/historical-photographs.html.

“Charles J. Hibbard.” Minneapolis Park History, 2012, minneapolisparkhistory.com/tag/charles-j-hibbard/.

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Thank you

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