Community Resilience : Ability to withstand, recover and emerge even stronger following an unexpected threat It embraces the concept of awareness, detection, communication, reaction (and if possible avoidance) and recovery. ❖ Resilient cities promote sustainable development, well-being and inclusive growth. ❖ Framework provides a working definition of a resilient city, the drivers of resilience in order to better identify what resilience looks like in an urban context, and the policy mechanisms that could be of benefit.
HOW TO MAKE RESILIENT CITIES & COMMUNITIES Access to quality ,safe housing with services With monitoring of waste management & air quality Must engage everyone in planning for improvement of their cities Promote appreciation and protection o f the environment and culture Make cities resilient to disaster and adaptable to climate change. Must provide safe , organized transportation, that is not harmful to environment
4 AREAS THAT DRIVE RESILIENCE
RESILIENT OUTCOMES
PRINCIPLES OF RESILIENCE ❖ Prepared and responsive-communication ❖ Robust, secure, redundant and flexible-avoid vulnerable flood plains, forests and shorelines etc ❖ Diversity-food supplies, employment opportunities ❖ Affordable and resource efficient – affordable housing and transportation
• • • • •
Individual & family survival Security of homes and livelihood Security of community and infrastructure Post-disaster recovery Maintenance of hope
FIRE RESILIENCE Yosemite National Park (US) Risk: • High fire frequency • Diverse mixture of fire regimes across steep elevation • An extensive urban interface (including adjacent rural communities), and relatively proximal urban populations within affected water- and airsheds. Resilience • By promoting policies at the forefront of national policy but counter to public opinion
Prescribed burn in Wawona to protect historic structures in an area where a lightning fire was being managed for resource benefit.
2001 Hoover fire that burned over several previous burns in the Illilouette Creek basin.
United Kingdom Risk. • Destructive wildfires are emerging as a threat because of changes in land-use patterns combined with more and severe droughts caused by climate change. • uncontrolled fires in forests, grasslands, arable crops, and upland peats. • Wildfire can cause substantial socioeconomic disruptions, damage culturally significant landscape and structures, cause harm to biodiversity, and degrade ecosystem services. Resilience • collaboratively produce geographically detailed contingency plans developed by landowners, NGOs, multiple government sectors (emergency, fire and rescue, forestry, countryside and cultural heritage). • This includes risk assessment, the formulation of prevention measures, and incident-response preparation. • Interventions include a) landscape design principles and adaptive management changing the fuel continuity and vulnerability of economically, culturally, and biologically important assets using cultural management, planned burning, and grazing; b) (b) the reduction of accidental ignitions through the control of access and education programs; and c) (c) the establishment of firefighting infrastructure.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Southern Australia
Projected UK forest fire danger from 2070–2100
Risk • High fire-prone environment because of extensive flammable eucalypt forests, • The dominance of inter annual droughts cycles due to the El Niño climate mode, and the disruption of an ancient tradition of Aboriginal fire management. • Urban sprawl into flammable environments and climate change compound the situation. Resilience • Maintain Appropriate Fire Regimes in Australia's Forests and Rangelands. • Balance the Environmental Impacts of Fire. • Promote Indigenous Australians’ Use of Fire. • Public Awareness and Education. • Integrated and Coordinated Decision Making and Management. • Employment, Workforce Education, and Training. • Bushfire Risk Mitigation
Principles followed by the UK Forestry Commission to promote wildfire resilience into forest design.
Broadleaved trees planted in the cleared fire break to improve wildfire resilience
Wildland urban interface of Hobart, Australia.
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FLOOD RESILIENCE NEW YORK CITY
NICE,FRANCE &TAIPI,TAIWAN o Face serious risks from coastal storms o 2012 – Hurricane Sandy o Climate change cause sea levels to rise o Leading to increased intensity and frequency of floods
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QJYgm0fRHk
o The city is located in a relatively narrow valley of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which fall into the River Danshui along its urban western border
o Two major rivers are located on its eastern side (Paillon river) and on the west is Var river.
URBAN VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TOOLS Urban flood vulnerability assessment tool (UFVAT) enables to reveal the strength and weakness of a site. Four types of elements should be accentuated in flood risk management o Strategic elements-safety and governance of UFVAT, such as city hall, rescue centre, police and fire stations. o Aggravating elements-create additional risk and an already disordered situation, such as with unprotected chemical storage, road hazard in flooded areas, etc. o Minimization and refuge -reduce the vulnerability of the territory and guaranty minimum quality of life during the flooding events, such as elevated emergency refugee shelter, hospital or medical centre, critical infrastructure, food markets, solid waste services, etc. o Sensitive element-cause the spreading of chaos outside the flood affected area such as through underground infrastructure.
STRATEGIES
FLOOD RESELIENCE TOOL-THE FLOOD RESELIENCE INDEX
Community preparedness, creating breakwaters & wetlands, building seawalls & bulkheads, hardening utilities & infrastructure to prevent the loss of power & other services and promoting flood resilient construction.
Each dimension contributes to the evaluation of • This data template is created based on several dimensions and its flood resilience index. variables. It is in a form of a questionnaire survey. • Rating scales have assigned numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 corresponding to very low, low, high and very high respectively. • Constructions of a rating scale with weights for all variables need to be done using weighted indexes. • Aggregate Weighted Mean Index (AWMI) (for each dimension) will be calculated using Weighted Mean Index (WMI) method. • The calculated averaged WMI of one dimension is the FRI for that dimension. Dimensions and variables of urban flood resilience index
STRATEGIES Residential buildings: Space below flood elevation must allow entry & exit of flood water without causing any damage Commercial/ mixed use: Ground floors that are impermeable to water- allows business to operate at street level
1. STRUCTURAL MEASURES- built environment and reshaping the urban landscape in order to create flood friendly urban functions
.
AVOLA CITY, SICILY o Extensive constructions along the coastline
o A network of creeks flowing in the agricultural plane is producing a condition of high hydraulic risk, today worsened by climate change effects. o Uncontrolled urbanization developed in agriculture areas characterized by a dense hydrographic network, as well as by relevant hydrogeological and hydraulic risks
RESILIENCE TO URBAN PLUVIAL FLOODING RISK
RIVER PROTECTION AREAS
To implement sustainable runoff drainage management Sustainable urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) o Additional benefits to flood risk management such as improvements to health, biodiversity, thermal comfort, carbon reduction, water availability, pollution control, wastewater treatment reduction etc. o Components of the green infrastructure.
To minimize the exposition to flooding hazard Defined by the Landscape Protection Plan (October, 2017): o To stop urbanization processes o To minimize soil sealing o To reduce hydraulic risk conditions o Preserve the environmental characteristics of the area
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Urban functions that are potentially exposed to flood risk of Nice and Taiwan Recognizing the units of urban environment that need to have a higher protection level for the conditions that flood can create. This is in addition to preparation activities related to the period before flooding, then a way of functioning during the flood and actions taking in and recovery period.
Strategic urban function of FRM(flood risk management) and transportation network of Nice and Taiwan 2.NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURES- Increasing flood resilience of social component. Implementation of nonstructural measures through providing risk information’s, using communication assets to inform population, etc.
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SURAT RESILIENCE STRATEGY Surat, Gujarat
The GOALS and LENSES 20 Goals were set from the identified 7 Pillars The Surat resilience strategy has been developed around seven strategic pillars, 20 goals, and 63 initiatives/actions. This section includes the initiatives that Surat will further develop and implement between 2016 and 2025. Each pillar is defined by a number of goals and associated initiatives.
One among the 100 Resilient City program A combined initiative of Arup and The Rockefeller Foundation
Initiatives within this resilience strategy are oriented around one of the four lenses
Surat Resilience Strategy (April, 2017)
The ISSUES • The daily problems of traffic jams and choked roads in Surat • A huge demand for affordable housing in the city to cater to the migrant
• •
• • •
population The quality of the main source of water for the entire city, river Tapi, is deteriorating Surat primarily depended on textile manufacturing and diamond cutting industries, should invite different alternative industries. Industrial growth, as well as high population growth and density, put pressure on this ecosystem. Social cohesion and social networks are weak in Surat. Surat is infamous for vector- and waterborne diseases.
The WORK FLOW
Challenges
• Illegal Parking • Less public transport • High Number of Rickshaws & Private •
Vehicles Footpath Encroachment
Initiatives
• Spatial assessment of accessibility to •
• •
public transport Spatial and statistical analysis of road accidents Traffic awareness Enforcement of traffic rules
VISION A resilient Surat which fosters robust and thriving communities that are healthy, just, economically viable, and environmentally sound. The PILLARS Connectivity and Mobility
Environment and Ecosystem
Affordable Housing
Social Cohesion
Water Availability and Quality
Upscaling Public Health
Employment and Economic Dependency
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
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Challenges
• Economy is dependent mainly on
Challenges • • • • • •
Unprecedented population growth Rise in migration Increase in number of slums Lack of affordable housing Unregulated and speculative land and real estate market Less availability of land
•
• •
two business sectors Both the sectors are highly dependent on migrant workers Imbalance in diamond business High dependency on global economy & market
Initiatives
• Promote and support innovative
Initiatives
• Housing demand assessment • Affordable housing finance schemes • Online rental housing system
• • •
business opportunities Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise Promote women entrepreneurs Enhancement of business skills
Environmental Sector Study of Surat City, Enviro Control Associates (I) Pvt Ltd
Challenges
Challenges • • • •
• Air and Water Pollution • Solid waste management • Coastal environment and salinity issues
High dependency Tapi river No alternative source of water Coastal environment and salinity issues Climate variability and climate change
Initiatives
• Multi hazard risk assessment and
Initiatives
• Groundwater status assessment and • • • •
• • • • • • •
mapping Real-time river health monitoring of Tapi Monitor the water supply Implementation of the water reuse guidelines Urban design & landscape intervention
mapping Review of environmental policies Development of a pollution zoning atlas Awareness about the ecosystem Enhancement of business skills Innovative urban design and landscaping Installation of solar rooftop systems Decentralization of solid waste management
Surat Resilience Strategy (April, 2017)
Challenges
• Air and Water Pollution • Solid waste management • Coastal environment and salinity issues
Challenges • • • •
Initiatives
• Multi hazard risk assessment and • • • • • • •
mapping Review of environmental policies Development of a pollution zoning atlas Awareness about the ecosystem Enhancement of business skills Innovative urban design and landscaping Installation of solar rooftop systems Decentralization of solid waste management
Access to general health care High cost medical services Lack of Affordable health care Health care facilities in emergency
Initiatives
• Center of excellence for urban • health & climate resilience • Urban health & climate resilience skill laboratory and promotion center
Climate Resilience Strategy This illustration is based on the City Resilience Strategy (CRS) prepared for Surat. This was prepared with the aim of providing a framework for development of climate resilience for the city of Surat. It is informed by climate science/climate risk information, urban development framework, vulnerability and anticipated risks, resource constraints, industry/economic development scenarios and most importantly, critical uncertainties. A matrix was informed by extensive studies information exchange and Risk to Resilience (R2R) work-shops.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
TARU LEADING EDGE PVT LTD
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TECHNOLOGY 01. ARRAY OF THINGS - AoT WHAT IS AoT?
“FITNESS TRACKER” FOR CITIES The Array of Things (AoT) is an urban measurement system that provide realtime, location-based data about urban environment, infrastructure and activity to researchers and public.
Data collected is open, free, and available to the public As of January 2020 roughly 130 nodes installed throughout Chicago
DATA COLLECTED
GOALS
Source: https://arrayofthings.github.io/
1. Potential to allow researchers, policymakers, developers and residents to work together and take specific actions that will make cities healthier, more efficient and more livable. 2. The data will help cities operate more efficiently and realize cost savings by anticipating and proactively addressing challenges such as urban flooding and traffic safety. 3. Development of innovative applications, such as a mobile application that allows a resident to track their exposure to certain air contaminants, or to navigate through the city based on avoiding urban heat islands, poor air quality, or excessive noise and congestion .
APPLICATIONS 1. Sensors monitoring air quality, sound and vibration (to detect heavy vehicle traffic), and temperature can be used to suggest the healthiest and unhealthiest walking times and routes through the city, or to study the relationship between diseases and the urban environment. 2. Real-time detection of urban flooding can improve city services and infrastructure to prevent property damage and illness. 3. Measurements of micro-climate in different areas of the city, so that residents can get up-to-date, high-resolution "block-by-block" weather and climate information. 4. Observe which areas of the city are heavily populated by pedestrians at different times of day to suggest safe and efficient routes for walking late at night 5. Timing traffic lights during peak traffic hours to improve pedestrian safety and reduce congestion-related pollution.
02. WATERNET – AN INTERNET OF PIPES Smart water management models use sensors in network pipes to monitor flow and manage the entire water cycle, providing sustainable water for human and ecological needs
03. MOBILITY ON DEMAND & FUTURE
04. SMART GRIDS
Automation paired with MOD has the potential to enhance access and mobility options (e.g., fares, routes, modes), improve safety, increase travel speed and reliability, provide critical first-and-last-mile connectivity, and expand coverage to historically underserved users or communities. Drones, robotic delivery, and automated vehicles will offer opportunities for unmanned on-demand delivery options.
Source:http://www.libelium.com/smart_water_wsn_pi pe_leakages/
Identification of weak points, leaks or blockages in the network before major damage occurs. A small pressure sensor is placed in different sections of the piping, where a fiber-optic thread or network cable transfers information from one unit to the following. In the future, the use of sensors with new technologies can be used as a prevention tool in public health - allow scientists to analyze bacteria and viruses and more quickly detect the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases . Such early warnings could help to prevent pandemics, saving lives and significantly reducing medical costs.
Source: https://medium.com/move-forward-blog/mobility-on-demand-three-key-components-559e712f2260
Shared automated vehicles (SAVs) have the potential to reduce vehicle ownership and provide innovative opportunities for lower cost and flexible public transportation systems.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
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LAND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES 01. LAND READJUSTMENT/ POOLING/ TPS Popularly known as Town Planning Schemes Process by which a public authority assembles numerous small parcels of land and then designs and subdivides them into a layout of streets, open spaces and serviced building plots, with the sale of some of the plots for cost recovery and the distribution of the remaining plots back to the landowners.
02. TRANSFERABLE DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS TDR is a technique of land development which separates the development potential of a particular parcel of land from it and allows its use elsewhere. TDR is taken away from the zone and it is tradable.
Plot A Plot A Land acquisition
Before development
Land Readjustment
A’s lot before LR
Before LR
A’s lot after LR
Monetary pack
A’s contribution
Contribution of land for public facilities
Plot B
“Development Right to transfer the potential of a plot designated for a public purpose in a plan, expressed in terms of total permissible built space calculated on the basis of FSI or FAR allowable for that plot, for utilization by the owner himself or by way of transfer by him to someone else from the present location to a specified area in the plan, as additional built up space over and above the permissible limit in lieu of compensation for the surrender of the concerned plot free from all encumbrances to the Planning and Development Authority.” - URDPFI
Salient features of TDR Contribution of land for monetary purpose
After LR The Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning (MRTP) Act,1966, The Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act (GTPUDA), 1976 and now Kerala Town and Country Planning Ordinance, 2013, have included provisions for Town Planning Scheme.
DEMERITS:
MERITS: 1. Infrastructure development and social amenities are provided. 2. Land‐owner shares the project cost and benefits by increased property prices. 3. The original owner is not displaced in the process of land development and continues to enjoy access to the land resource.
1. Time consuming – complicated process. 2. There are issues related to cost recovery.
03. ACCOMODATION RESERVATION Tool for the development of public reservations without land acquisition o Land owners can develop the sites reserved for an amenity in the development plan using full permissible FSI on the plot. o It is handed over to the Local Authority free of cost and then utilize the development right equivalent to full permissible FSI. o Unlike TDR, it is not tradable
Usage: • Reservations such as retail markets, dispensaries, etc. can be implemented in this way. • In case of reservations like shopping centres etc., the owner can be allowed to develop these on agreeing to give at least upto 25% of the shops to the local authority • For road widening/ new construction of roads, local authority can grant additional FSI on 100% of the area required for the purpose. • Applicable to areas where land prices are higher than construction cost. DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Generally used for redevelopment of inner city zones
• Purpose of TDR o Easy to acquire land for infrastructure- widening of roads, development of parks, schools, etc. o Preservation of heritage structure, farm & forest land etc. • Landowner gets better compensation in terms of TDR • TDR tradable in open market • TDR promotes the development of sub urban areas, removes pressure on high density areas. • Restrictions and Limitations o Zonal restrictions – Population density, CRZ, hazardous areas o Zonal property rates of government o Time limit
04. GUIDED LAND DEVELOPMENT Technique for guiding the conversion of privately owned land parcels in the urban boundary from rural to urban uses through the infrastructure systems. Usage: • For the improvement of spontaneous unplanned urban settlement areas by provision of public facilities such as road, parks, sewerage, shopping center, educational institutes, open spaces, etc. and individual sites Source: Karim R., 1987 are made easier to use. • Mainly for new urban ADVANTAGES: development rather than for the 1. Government need not decide redevelopment of established on the amount of land to be urban areas. returned to the landowners at the end of the project DIFFICULTIES: 2. Comprehensive improvement 1. Difficult to be applied in areas of the urban area is ensured. with fragmented 3. Owners can enjoy the landownership, development benefits lack of owners’ will and equitably consensus. 4. Most of the owners in the area 2. Collection of betterment have participation in the levies, may not be feasible implementation of the project by small landholders 5. Development cost is low.
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BUILT FORM Built Form - Framework
Grid pattern layout with Hierarchy of Roads
Community facilities
Built form refers to the function, shape and configuration of buildings as well as their relationship to streets and open spaces. The purpose of the Built Form Framework is to guide the scale and intensity of uses and built form to the appropriate areas to reinforce the desired future The Built Form Framework will inform and be supported by subsequent land use policies, design guidelines, development standards and incentive programs 1 Urban Core- The Urban Core is the historic retail, service and office core 2 Urban Centre- The commercial areas adjacent to the Urban Core 3 Urban Corridor- The area that bookend the Urban Core and Urban Centre 4 Civic Character- The concentration of institutional and office spaces 5 District Centre- The potential commercial and/or civic focus areas for the Districts 6 District Corridor- The strips along major streets and that generally abuts neighborhoods 7 District Neighborhood- The areas with a residential focus and character 8 Required Retail Frontages- Streets where continuous pedestrian-oriented retail uses exist or are desired
7
7
3
1 Formally organized/ Planned
2 Informally created
4
Grouped in local sub centers Evenly Distributed Main link ink with activity spine
1 Activity Spine 2 Sector roads 3 City roads 4 Highway
Twists and Staggers introduced to discourage heavy traffic
Walkability
Industries (15mins)
Sports field (10mins)
Commercial Centre(9mins)
Green Space(8 mins)
Home
6
Services (2 mins)
Walkability at Aranya
5
TIME Neighborhood Scale
1
2
5
3
7
4 6
Draft Japantown Better Neighborhood Plan
The traditional San Francisco street grid was altered during the urban renewal era to form large super blocks. • Severing the city grid • Eliminating alleyways • Consolidating parcels impacted view corridors • Reduced pedestrian connectivity • Increased the size and mass of development
Built Height
Built Form - Elements
Built height is one among the major built form elements. Below given is the case of Japantown, California, where they proposed changes in built height to suit the context of the wide Geary Boulevard.
Massing
Landmark
Layout Built Form Geary Boulevard- Wide road
Built Height
Frontage
Proposed Changes
Layout
Parcels with proposed height
increase
Hierarchy and distribution of (1) amenities and (2) roads Proposed 5ft height increases
for commercial spaces
Topography of the site was important determinant in planning roads, and other service networks to maximize use of gravity flow and minimize the cut and fill of land.
To foster community feel and mutual interdependence various income groups can be combined and arranged to be linked to a common open area.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Proposed 15ft stepback above
3 stories Draft Japantown Better Neighborhood Plan Approximate tower locations
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BUILT FORM Built Form - Elements In the case of Japantown, California the more significant changes to height limits are recommended on the large parcels between Post Street and Geary Boulevard. These parcels that front on the very wide Geary Boulevard (approximately 170 feet wide on the stretch through Japantown), are appropriate for taller buildings, and are the primary place where the neighborhood can successfully accommodate new and denser development in order to meet the city and region’s housing needs, increase community/commercial activity and improve connections between the neighborhoods.
Landmarks Character of the street Gateways, routes and landmarks are important building blocks of the city and contribute to city pattern and urban experience. Public views of important natural or man-made features along streets and scenic routes need to be protected since they add value to the built form and contribute to neighborhood identity. Such development will preserve, promote and enhance public views to significant landmarks and natural features.
Draft Japantown Better Neighborhood Plan
Tall buildings will • •
On wider street, taller buildings may be required to provide appropriate street enclosure, but not too tall to cut of sunlight and increase feeling of insecurity
•
•
minimize adverse microclimatic impacts on the public realm and private amenity areas address pedestrian scale through building articulation, massing and materials Be sited to preserve, reinforce and define view corridors be sited and designed to enhance an area’s skyline
Views to Lake Ontario add value, provide a sense of orientation and preserve Port Credit’s identity as a waterfront community
Frontages
Massing Large Parcel Design
Character of the street Choices of form through flexibility of design - at Aranya variations in street facingelements, within the standardized layout, help each house gain a unique character, these enrich street façade and help users express their identity.
• New development required to respect and be compatible with the surrounding area
• •
Relate the height and bulk of base buildings to the width of the street To define a consistent street wall Ensure adequate sun and sky access to streets and alleys
Modular Design
Building frontages framing the streets and providing a contiguous built form
User decides how much to build
User decides how to build
User decides the elements
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Uniqueness
Framing the street
Choices of form through flexibility of design - at Aranya variations in street facing-elements, within the standardized layout, help each house gain a unique character, these enrich street façade and help users express their identity.
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HOW TO TRANSFORM CITIES & PUBLIC SPACES THROUGH PLACEMAKING
PUBLIC SPACES
1. IMPROVE STREETS AS PLACES
“Dull, inert cities, it is true, do contain the seeds of their own destruction and little else, (...) lively, diverse, intense cities contain the seeds of their own regeneration, with energy enough to carry over for problems and needs outside themselves.” -Jane Jacobs
• • •
INTRODUCTION Issues of sustainability, resilience, and place are especially urgent in the fast developing and rapidly urbanizing world. In these highly social environments, adopting a place-led development agenda can be an effective way to generate the kind of investments and outcomes that are necessary for building healthy, equitable and resilient communities. It is only by focusing on our capacity to sustain and create places that we will find real and integrative solutions to the most pressing concerns of the 21st century. A focus on Placemaking offers a practical, proactive, and integrated approach for addressing global change and resilience at every scale.
•
• • • •
•
Streets are our most fundamental shared public spaces, but they are also one of the most contested and overlooked. Need to design our streets as comfortable and safe places for everyone — for pedestrians and bicyclists as well as drivers. When streets function well on the level of everyday experience, they provide opportunities for people to connect in a way that no other public space can. Lack of transportation options for many communities has caused uneven access to jobs, social services, healthy food options, and community interaction. Case study: The Metrocable in the Colombian city of Medellín is a good example of transportation that enhances street life and contributes to social cohesion. When constructing the Metrocable, the city took the opportunity to invest in improving the long-neglected hillside barrios. Plazas at the bases of the pylons supporting the tram have become lively neighborhood centers with food vendors, seating, and landscaping. Parks, sporting fields, and libraries have been constructed nearby. New schools were built, and older ones improved. Pedestrian walkways link parts of the city that used to be controlled by rival gangs, and murder rates have plummeted.
2. CREATE SQUARES AND PARKS AS MULTI-USE DESTINATIONS • • • Case study: Gyrumi, Armenia
• •
•
PUBLIC PLACES VS PLACES Outlining the role and value of public space has long been a subject of academic, political, and professional debate. At the most basic level public space can be defined as publicly owned land that, in theory, is open and accessible to all members of a given community—regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age, or socio-economic level. A place has its own history—a unique cultural and social identity that is defined by the way it is used and the people who use it. It is not necessarily through public space, then, but through the creation of places ,the physical, social, environmental, and economic health of urban and rural communities can be nurtured.
A great urban park is a safety valve for the city, in which people living in dense urban areas can find breathing room. While a poorly planned or maintained park can a place of fear and danger, thus repelling people, business, and investment. A great square, on the other hand, can be a source of civic pride, and it can help citizens feel better connected to their cultural and political institutions. Case study :Las Condes plazas and commercial galleries in Santiago, Chile 1980s,They steadily lost customers to the city’s shopping malls and became deserted — a problem that was compounded by a excess of entrances which made the square appealing to muggers. changing the park design into a plaza surface to promote more public uses, and replacing the barriers between businesses with glass panels to create a feeling of continuity and openness. The resulting effect was similar to an old-fashioned marketplace, blurring the difference between inside and out, and between private and public.
3. BUILD LOCAL ECONOMIES THROUGH MARKETS
"Public spaces are key elements of individual and social well-being, the places of a community’s collective life, expressions of the diversity of their common natural and cultural richness and a foundation of their identity.“ Placemaking—the process by which a physical environment is made meaningful, or by which a public space becomes a place
• •
•
Case study : The Traditional Medicine and Herb Market in the Warwick Junction neighborhood of Durban, South Africa, was once a dilapidated and dangerous place. After redesign ,they repurposed empty space in the market’s neighborhood to create enclosed stalls for vendors and locked storage spaces. Pedestrian routes have been widened, allowing easier movement for shoppers. The result of all these improvements, informed by the very people who were to use them, has been an economic blossoming, a safer marker, and a dramatic increase in opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship.
4. DESIGN BUILDINGS TO SUPPORT PLACES •
• •
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Traditional neighborhoods are being replaced by towering skyscrapers and civic institutions like schools and libraries often end up looking like fortresses. This trend has spread around the globe and it is damaging the fabric of cities everywhere Case study : Council house 2 ,Melbourne. The area around the building is enhanced by shade structures and other amenities, making this a comfortable place and an integral part of the community. It shows that “iconic” architecture need not be divorced from the urban fabric, but can exist in constant dialogue with the people and places around it.
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8. CREATE A COMPREHENSIVE PUBLIC SPACE AGENDA
PUBLIC SPACES
•
5. LINK A PUBLIC HEALTH AGENDA TO A PUBLIC SPACE AGENDA • • • • • •
•
public health agenda can greatly strengthen a public space agenda, and vice versa. Health care facilities themselves can serve as community centers. Cultural institutions such as libraries can provide health education and services. Well-run public markets are a source of fresh, affordable, and nutritious food. Transportation systems can encourage walking and reduce car traffic and air pollution. Public parks where all people feel safe to play and relax can relieve stress, especially when people live in crowded informal settlements. If civic institutions are housed in approachable buildings, people feel encouraged to take part in public health programs.
• • • •
•
A comprehensive approach to developing, enhancing, and managing public space requires both “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategies. Leadership at the highest level of city is essential if transformation of public spaces is to occur on a large scale. A “bottom-up” grassroots organizing strategy is also integral to the strategy. Case study: Bogotá, Colombia – use of public space and transportation systems to bridge the social divide and create opportunity for all of Bogotá’s citizens. Each Sunday and on holidays, for several hours, most streets of the city are closed to cars so that people can enjoy biking, walking, and various recreational activities in the streets. These events have helped to raise awareness of the negative impact that car traffic has on people’s lives, and have been a key part of the city’s ongoing effort to regain street space for pedestrians and bicycles. Effort taken to increase green space and playing fields in neighborhoods around Bogotá has decreased crimes and gang activities.
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper: A Low-Cost, High-Impact Approach “Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper” (LQC)- This approach is based on taking incremental steps, using low-cost experiments, and tapping into local talents (e.g. citizens, entrepreneurs, developers, and city staff). These smaller-scale projects are being implemented in a variety of environments, including on streets, squares, waterfronts, and even parking lots.
6. REINVENT COMMUNITY PLANNING • • • •
•
•
•
Local people have the best understanding of the assets and challenges of a particular place. The important starting point in developing a concept for any public space agenda should be to identify the talents and resources within the community Good public spaces are always flexible, responding to the evolution of the urban environment. Remaining open to the need for change and having the community maintain control over enacting that change is what builds not just great public spaces, but great cities and towns.
Case Study: Nairobi, Kenya. The site lies along a river running through the settlement that is used for waste disposal throughout the year and floods during the rainy season, when poor drainage along the access roads hinders the access of nearby residents to their hillside homes. The river is a play area for children, a laundry area for families, and a gathering area for residents. The resulting project design includes: a poultry farm, an improved drainage channel, flood control, a community center to house a school and health clinic, kiosks, and a playground constructed from locally sourced lumber and recycled metal.
7. UTILIZE THE POWER OF 10+ The Power of 10+ shows how paying attention to the human experience when building a city's destinations and districts can have immediate and widespread impacts. The idea behind this concept is that places thrive when users have a range of reasons (10+) to be there.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
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DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.11 I MAJOR PROJECT
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PROFILE OF MEENANGADI GRAMA PANCHAYAT Meenangadi is a village panchayat located nearly at the centre of Wayanad district between the North latitude 11° 9' and 11° 13' and East longitude 76° 38' and 76° 48’. This northern district in Kerala lies on the edge of the Deccan plateau and is a part of the Western Ghats - a biodiversity hotspot and World Heritage site. The panchayat covers 53.52 sq. km with rocky hilly area, valley and plains. The whole area is drained by four small rivers and 23 rivulets/streams. Total farming in the area is about 4919 ha. Pepper, coffee, coconut, arecanut, rubber, cocoa, paddy, banana, ginger, turmeric, cassava, yam, colocasia etc. are the major crops grown in the panchayat. Total population is 34601 (17356 men and 17245 women), with tribal communities forming nearly a quarter of it. Population density is 646. 76% of total population is dependent on agriculture sector for livelihood.
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
▪
▪ ▪ ▪
Change in land use : When paddy fields of Meenangadi panchayath gave way to banana groves, the water sources in the fields began drying up. In addition, when farmers, motivated by financial gains, made a shift from the traditional farming systems to crops like rubber, coco, vanilla and areca nut, the area lost its traditional water harvesting structures. This led to the decrease in the water levels which resulted eventually in water scarcity. The immense use of pesticides in the agricultural fields had also contributed to the drought situation in many parts of the district.
•
INDIA
• •
ADMINISTRATION AND FUNDING
With the implementation of 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution of India, decentralization of power at third tier level has brought about a great change in the administration of the region. District plan helps in integrating local level government efficiently in the development process of the district.
•
KERALA •
WAYANAD
Wayanad District is the most suitable administrative unit for decentralizing power and planning under the state level as it possesses the required heterogeneity and is small enough to include people in planning, strategizing and implementing.
Panchayat receive funds in the following ways:Grants from the Union Government based on the recommendations of the Central Finance Commission as per Article 280 of the Constitution Devolution from the State Government based on the recommendations of the State Finance Commission as per Article 243 I Loans/grants from the State Government Programme-specific allocation under Centrally Sponsored Schemes and additional Central Assistance Internal Resource Generation (tax and non-tax)
▪ ▪ Source :http://www.southexplore.in/
▪ ▪
CLIMATE AND ECOLOGY Meenangadi has a tropical climate. Rainfall is significant most months of the year. The average annual temperature in Meenangadi is 23.2 °C (73.8 °F). Precipitation here is about 2944 mm (115.9 inch) per year. The warmest month of the year is April, with an average temperature of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). December is the coldest month, with temperatures averaging 21.7 °C (71.1 °F). The driest month is January, with 4 mm (0.2 inch) of rainfall. Most of the precipitation here falls in July, averaging 1011 mm (39.8 inch).
▪
ANNUAL BUDGET AND PROJECTS The annual process of planning and budgeting using the three-tiered panchayat system of decentralization governance began in 1996. Decentralization has now become a global trend with local self government institutions being given the responsibility of provisioning, implementation and delivery of majority of essential public services in many countries. Panchayati Raj Institutions have historically played an important role in guiding the social, political and economic life of people in rural India.
•
•
Rainfall
Temperature
•
Following are some projects taken up by Meenangadi panchayath during last 3 years:
- Carbon Neutral Meenangadi: This project is to propose sector-wise adaptation and mitigation strategies to develop Meenangadi Panchayat as a ‘Carbon Neutral Panchayat’
Month Source :https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/kerala/meenangadi-798003/
16 14
10 8 6
4 2
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
EDUCATION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
YOUTH
TRIBAL WELLFARE
SPORTS-CULTURE DEVELOPMENT
FISHERIES
HEALTH
ST/SC DEVELOPMENT
MOTHER AND NEW BORN CARE
AGRICULTURE SECTOR
ELDERLY CITIZENS
SPECIALLY ABLED
ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC WORKS
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT
MY VILLAGE CLEAN VILLAGE PROJECT
Source: Agro –ecology Meenangadi Panchayath , Wayanad : https://fb.watch/28E4m0cZNT/
CARBON NEUTRAL PROJECT
0
Area under cultivation, Perennial crops under cultivation, Seasonal crops under cultivation, Meenangadi Panchayath Meenangadi Panchayath Meenangadi Panchayath
SLNO
NAME
YEAR
1
HYGIYA - ENTE GRAMAM SUCHITHWA GRAMAM
2018-2019
50000
9425
2
NELKRISHI PROTHSAHANAM GENERAL
2018-2019
6800000
6440180
4
GARDENING IN BUBLIC ROADS
2018-2019
25000
0
5
SUBSIDY FOR DAIRY FARMER
2018-2019
2450000
2450000
6
BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
2018-2019
200000
57223
7
INSTALLATION OF NEW STREET LIGHTS
2018-2019
300000
0
8
FARM PLANNING
2019-2020
125000
125000
9
BIOGAS PLANT- URAVIDA MALINYA SAMSKARANA PATHATHI
2019-2020
270000
0
10
PADDY PRODUCTION EXPENCES - TSP
2019-2020
1600000
1200000
11
SAMAGRA VAYOJANA AROGYA PADHATHI
2020-2021
1000000
990000
12
CARBON NEUTRAL - TREE BANKING GEO TAGING
2020-2021
8000000
0
13
CARBON NEUTRAL PROGRAMMES
2020-2021
200000
0
12
NO:OF PROJECTS
Wayanad is one of four climate change hotspot districts in Kerala, according to a report published by the State Action Plan on Climate Change. This report warns that the minimum surface temperature in the Western Ghats region may rise by 2 degrees Celsius to 4.5 degrees Celsius by 2050, which would retard paddy production and Wayanad’s staple thermo-sensitive crops such as cardamom, coffee, tea and black pepper.
Source: http://lsgkerala.gov.in/
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FORMULATION EXPENSE
CARBON NEUTRAL MEENANGADI GRAMA PANCHAYATH AIM: To become the world's first Carbon Neutral Grama Panchayat
Popular grassroots movement for the integral development of Meenangadi Panchayat
OBJECTIVES: o To conserve and expand forests and biodiversity o To reduce carbon emissions drastically from household, transportation and industrial sectors o To conserve soil and water o To practice organic agriculture o To reduce and recycle waste o Prepare to tackle climate change with best practices for sustainable development
PROJECT OUTLINE TASK A: Mitigation
TASK C: Disaster Risk Reduction
Industries and technology o Innovating small industries based on carbon neutral principles o Transfer of eco-friendly technologies o Creation of more ‘green’ jobs Energy and transport o Expansion of solar electricity consumption and minimizing fossil fuel usage o Energy audits for both renewables and non-renewables o Strategies for operating community centric and ‘green’ transport systems Integrated resource and waste management o Sustainable resource consumption and production o Decentralized solid waste management and waste reduction o Gender equitable livelihoods and empowering informal sectors Soil and water o Water conservation by improving watershed management, water usage efficiency, rain water harvesting and other initiatives o Soil health enrichment and conservation through permaculture principles o Restoration and revival of farmlands/wastelands through boosting soil carbon
o Develop a framework for the local context in accordance with the studies undertaken globally and by the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction o Stake holder awareness creation, capacity building, and mitigation strategy to deal with impacts and effects of climate extreme events; orientation at particularly vulnerable sectors and communities.
TASK D: Loss and Damages o Developing a monitoring framework to assess L&D by climate change focusing various sectors in the region especially taking into consideration gender-based disparities, children’s welfare and socio-economic status o Creating community compensation fund for vulnerable groups like farmers, forest dwellers, tribal communities, etc.
STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY Scope of CO2 Eq. Emission Reduction Targets in Meenangadi Grama Panchayat
TASK B: Adaptation Agriculture and food o Promotion of agro-ecological farming, strengthening animal husbandry, self-sufficiency in food, and reducing food miles through promoting 'local eating’ o Strategies to bring in increased income generation from agriculture sector, revival of traditional farming systems; food processing and value addition. o Expansion of organic farming o Branding, certification and marketing of organic products Responsible tourism o Design strategies for conceptualizing and implementing responsible tourism plan Enabling local communities as stewards of their ecosystems Forests and biodiversity o ‘Tree is Wealth’ project; incentivizing tree planting by giving year/term end rewards in an effort to promote returns in short term for a long term capital gain and growing of trees that will sequester carbon o Medicinal ‘streams’ project by planting native medicinal plant varieties along the riverine banks and stream areas o Landscape ecological innovations with thrust on restoring watersheds o Biodiversity and forest conservation through inventory, appreciation campaigns and research o Bird friendly forest coffee certification and branding to augment income of coffee sector including setting up of “Coffee Park” as production centre for coffee powder. Source: Carbon Neutral Meenangadi – Assessment and Recommendations, Thanal, March 2018
DEMOGRAPHY
• Meenangadi Panchayat
Tribal population account for about 23% of total population of the panchayath
Tribal communities are highly vulnerable to climate change, since their livelihood is dependent on climate sensitive crops and resources from forest.
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
• • •
Source: Disrict Census handbook, 2011
Literacy
LITERACY RATE Literacy of Meenangadi panchayath is less than Wayanad district and Kerala state.
Literacy rate
No. of people
According to 2011 census , Meenangadi grama panchayath has a population of 33450 with a density of 630/km2 in an area of 53.52 km2 (13,225.08 acres). Households: 8199 Graph showing population of each ward (total, male, female). Ward 4 is having more population (both male and female).
Composition of Major Occupations
Non agriculture work is providing more jobs than agriculture sector. It supports about 63%** of workers for their main livelihood
The agriculture sector dominates as the source for marginal income in the Panchayath. It shows that people prefer agriculture labour in coffee plantations or paddy cultivation since the income is definite in terms of wages.
SEX RATIO Meenangadi Panchayath - 1012 Wayanad - 1035 Kerala - 1084
Composition of Marginal Occupations
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
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MEENAGADI GRAMA PANCHAYATH LAND USE
WARD BOUNDARY
o Sulthan Bathery Block Panchayat o Panchayat divided into 19 wards o 2 revenue villages Krishnagiri and Purakkadi
Source: Google Earrth, 2020 Source: Panchayat
CONNECTIVITY
▪ Hill-valley patterns - plantation crops on the high slopes and paddy cultivation on the valleys. Paddy fields are getting converted into banana and other cash crops which is adversely impacting the ground water levels. ▪ More than 70% of the total area is tableland and 20% is fertile plains
LAND USE
Source: Open Street Map, 2020
National highway-766 (connects Calicut to Mysore) - major commercial establishments are situated along this highway. o ROAD DENSITY 4.07/km o Nearest airport- Calicut International Airport (101 km from Meenangadi) o Nearest Railway station- Calicut Railway station (87 km from Meenangadi) o Wayanad district road density - 1.53/ km o Kerala state road density – 5.28 / km About 218 km road is available o 12 km maintained by National and State Highway authorities o 42 km road belong to State Public Works Department (PWD) o Sulthan Bathery Block Panchayat is maintaining 24 km of roads o Rest of 140 km village roads are maintained by the Meenangadi Grama Panchayat
Source: Thanal, 2018
o Nearly 2.7 % (145 ha) of the total area is covered by forest. o 94% of the land available except forest is being utilized for agriculture purpose o Cultivation of perennial crops is steadily expanding from homesteads to the paddy and wetlands for economic as well as climate reasons. o Less than 1 % land is fallow and about 6% is non agriculture land o Very less built up area
INFRASTRUCTURE
o The Infrastructure inside the Meenangadi grama panchayath has been mapped. o Post Office- A total of five post offices serve the Meenangadi grama panchayat. The average area served by a singe post office 10.5 sq km area o Primary Schools- A total number of 9 primary schools serve the Meenangadi grama panchayat. The schools are spatial distributed to serve an average of 5.8 sq km.
Source: Google map, 2020
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
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MEENAGADI GRAMA PANCHAYATH MEDICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
EDUCATION
-PRIMARY SCHOOLS
-MEDICAL
Source: Author, 2020
o The population served per school is 4181 people. (Which is well below the standard of 5000 people per school as per URDPFI guidelines)
Source: Author, 2020
o The buffer created around the schools denote the walkable distance (300 m to 800 m walkable distance corresponding to 5‐15 minutes, URDPFI)
o 80 bed Hospitals serve 1 lakh population, according to the URDPFI guidelines. o There are a total of 36 bed in Meenangadi Panchayath catering a total of 33450 people
o The area served for each of the primary school
o The area served for each of the Health center/ Hospital Area Served -Primary School
Area Served - Health center/ Hospital
12
16 14
Area Sq. km
12
8
10
6 4
8 6 4
2
2
0 1
2
3
4
5
Primary School
6
7
Source: Author, 2020
8
0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Source: Author, 2020
Health center/ Hospital
SERVICES
PDS -PDS
-SERVICES
Source: Author, 2020
o A total number of 5 post offices accounts to 6,690people served by a post office (Can be upto 15,000 people per post office, URDPFI)
Area Served -Post Office 14
14 12
12 10
8 6 4
10 8 6 4 2
2
0
0 1
2
3
Post Office
4
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Area Served -Raton Shops
Area Sq. km
o The Police Station and Post Offices are marked in the map o According to URDPFI guidelines, a police station can serve upto 90,000 people (Total population of the panchayath is 33450 people)
Source: Author, 2020
o The ration shops in Meenangadi Grama Panchayath is marked in the map
16
Area Sq. km
Area Sq. km
10
1
5
2
3
4
Raton Shops
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
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5
6
POWER DISTRIBUTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
➢ Power is distributed through Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). ➢ Power generation is also undertaken by Captive Mode Projects, Independent Power Mode Projects & Co-generation mode projects other than KSEBL. ➢ About 25% of the energy requirement is being met from hydel plants owned and operated by KSEBL
➢ Non biodegradable waste: material collection facility centre and plastic shredding unit. ➢ Haritha Karma Sena collect the cleaned and segregated non biodegradable wastes from houses, commercial establishments and institutions to the material collection facility centre. ➢ It is then shredded using shredding machine and used for construction of roads ➢ Reduced plastic carry bags by bringing paper carry bags in panchayath. ➢ Government and people have been taking active efforts to cut down on plastics and live a more sustainable way.
Only Hydroelectric power project project in wayanad is floating Solar Power Plant in the Banasura Sagar dam,it is the first of its kind in India. The project is designed for Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) Power consumption of Meenangadi Panchayath Source: carbon neutral Meenangadi assessment, Thanal Images of shredding unit
MEDICAL SERVICES
WASTE COLLECTED IN MEENANGADI PANCHAYAT (IN METRIC TONNES)
TELEHEALTH
15%
26%
COMMERCIAL BIO WASTES
Use of digital information and communication technologies, such as computers and mobile devices, to access health care services remotely and manage health care. It allows long-distance patient and clinician contact, care, advice, reminders, education, intervention, monitoring, and remote admissions.
HOUSEHOLD BIO WASTE HOUSEHOLD NON-BIO WASTE
59%
Main domains: o Clinical services to patients without an in-person visit - videophone interpretation during a consult. o Home monitoring through continuous sending of patient health data o Doctors discussing a case over video conference o Robotic surgery occurring through remote access o Physical therapy done via digital monitoring instruments o Live feed and application combinations o Tests being forwarded between facilities for interpretation by a higher specialist
ROAD SIDE WASTE COLLECTED,LOCAL BODY WISE (Suchitwa Mission)
WASTE COLLECTED IN TONNES (2018-19)
140000 120000
100000
India: Interest in telehealth has increased because of COVID-19, yet there is evidence that the demand for telehealth services might not be met by the current telehealth capacity. Given shortages of health care providers in rural areas, telehealth capabilities have been an important bridge for health equity.
80000 60000 40000 20000
KANIYAMBETTA
SULTAN BATHERY
POZHUTHANA
POOTHADI
THARIYODE
NENMENI
MUTTIL
PANAMARAM
MEPPADI
KALPETTA MUNIPALITY
MUPPAINADU
VYTHIRI
KOTTATHARA
AMBALAVAYAL
NOOLPUZHA
PULPALLY
THONDERNADU
PADINJARATHARA
THIRUNELLY
VELLAMUNDA
MEENANAGDI
THAVINJA
MULENKOLLY
EDAVAKA
VENGAPALLY
MANANTHAVADY
0
EHR - Electronic Health Record: An electronic version of a patients medical history, that is maintained by the provider over time, and may include all of the key administrative clinical data relevant to that persons care under a particular provider, including demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports. The EHR automates access to information and has the potential to streamline the clinician's workflow.
Waste collected from Meenangadi panchayath is less than the average waste collected in Wayanad district Source: Suchitwa mission report -2018-2019
➢ 2 unit (4 bins) of aerobic composting unit, (Thumboormuzhi model) is installed in the centre of the town, near Krishi Bhavan for managing the biodegradable waste generated. ➢ The Meenangadi Grama Panchayath collects about one tonne of waste per day from its commercial area and markets. ➢ By using haritha karma sena the cleaned and segregated non biodegradable wastes are collected and transported from houses, commercial establishments and institutions to the material collection facility centre. ➢ The segregated and cleaned plastic waste which was collected by haritha karma sena were then shredded using shredding machine and used for 250 metre tarring of Kolagappara road by LSGI.
WAYANAD o Sree Chitra Tele Health Unit- SeTHU is a Mobile Telemedicine Unit for Wayanad, to provide specialized healthcare to all with a special focus on the tribal communities. o As a collaborative effort of Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum Department of Science and Technology, GoI Directorate of Health Services and Kerala Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram. o It is a team of Investigators, Doctors, Nurses, Engineers and Social Workers
CHALLENGES: o Patients’ Lack of Technical Skills o Expensive Technology o Privacy Concerns o Service Awareness o Lack of Integration o Reimbursement o Lack of Sufficient Data for Care Continuity
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ASPIRATION SURVEY Key aspects Meenagadi: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
11
Survey participants
▪
people
are
proud
RISK ASSESSMENT
about
RISK IDENTIFICATION HAZARD PROFILE OF MEENNAGADI PANCHAYATH
Carbon-neutral project Excellent academic record of GHSS Meenangadi– digital classrooms, well- equipped laboratories International cricket stadium at Krishnagiri Low crime rate Religious pluralism Good climate and greenery Developing town Plastic shredding unit – an income generator for Meenangadi – End product used in road taring, also helps in reduction of air pollution caused by burning of plastics Thumboormuzhi aerobic compost unit – Bio waste – End product used as fertilizer
Sl. No. 1
5 3 2
Classification Naturally Triggered/ Weather related
2
Geological
3
Biological
4
Anthropogenically /Technologically triggered
5
Others
Survey participants
Expert Survey (CI, DM Cell, Panchayat head)
Residents
Type of Risk Flood Earthquake Landslide Land subsidence Drought Lightning Epidemics Cattle epidemics Food poisoning Pest attack Kyasanur Forest Disease Fire accidents Road accidents building collapse Drowning hooch accident Suicide Man-Animal Conflicts
PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS IN MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH
POOR CONNECTIVITY 5
3
Flood in Olivayal, Athinilam Colony, Krishnagiri , followed by landslide
12.08.2018
Flood in Karattukunnu, Purakkadi Village
1996
Occurance of lightning , Purakkadi, Meenangadi Source: Disaster Management Cell, 2020
4 NO PARKING SPACES
14.08.2018
CONGESION ON ROADS
RISK / DISASTER MAPPING – MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH
2
LIGHTNING SUSCEPTIBILITY
1 0 LESS MAINTAINANCE OF PUBLIC SPACES
LESS FUNDING FOR DEVELOPMENT
LESS HEALTH FACILITIES
POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
KEY MAP WAYANAD DISTRICT
MAJOR ISSUES OF MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH
ASPIRATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS CHC – Community Health Centre to gynecology specialist hospital • People prefer modern medicine over traditional medicine HEALTH • Need better medical facilities with proper research facilities and AND testing labs. WELLBEING Main aspiration of majority • Use of LED bulbs in street lights and in various other complexes • Promoted Organic farming as artificial fertilizer increases carbon CARBON emission NEUTRAL • Transportation sector is a major pollution contributor, hence more PROJECT awarenessto use public transportation should be carried out • Suggestions to make electric auto rickshaws by giving subsidy from Panchayat are being discussed Proper Panchayat office with better facilities, with all the departments ADMINISTRA to be in one complex or nearby buildings. T -IVE & • More awareness about this online service needed to be provided. Also SOCIAL need more Akshaya center REALM • Parks for morning and evening walks and social interaction • Promote hygiene of public areas and open spaces EDUCATION AND CAREER INFRASTRUC -TURE AND ECOSYSTEM S
INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY
Susceptible
Source: Wayanad District Disaster Management Plan, 2019
Educational institutions to be separated from market area • Need more skill development opportunities • • •
• •
LANDUSE AND LAND COVER
Not Susceptible
Need maintained sidewalks and roads Need good parking facilities in the commercial hub and Proper bus waiting sheds Need more movie theaters ,entertainment facilities, Shopping malls and other commercial buildings. Wayanad in general has good scope for pharmaceutics as many medicinal plants are available Carpooling and car sharing as good alternatives to reduce pollution
KEY MAP WAYANAD DISTRICT
No change preferred to land use pattern , need to encourage agriculture and cultivation • Need to preserve exiting forest • Strict law and order against mining , cutting of trees in forest
Better internet connectivity, PNG connection • Subsidies to be provided from government to encourage sustainable methods Source: Wayanad District Disaster Management Plan, 2019
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.17 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
RISK ASSESSMENT Risk/hazard classification (Severity S) 1 - None 2 - Minor injury 3 - Major injury 4 - Major injury/ Death 5 - Multiple death
Sl. Potential No. Risk/Hazard
Flood •
KEY MAP WAYANAD DISTRICT
2
3
4
Source: Wayanad District Disaster Management Plan, 2019
WAYANAD DISTRICT
5
LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP
6
7
8 9 10 11 12
13
Source: Wayanad District Disaster Management Plan, 2019
14
Panchayath wise percentage of total suicides in Wayanad
Earthquake
S
P
C
Risk level
•
Loss of life, properties and assets • loss of flora and fauna • Leads to other disasters • Affects public building Affects power distribution , water supply and drainage system
Actions to be taken and sustained till warning is withdrawn in the villages/taluks/districts predicted to be affected by rainfall
3
4
22
H
1
1
2
L
5
4
25
H
2
3
12
M
3
3
15
M
4
2
18
M
3
4
24
H
2
2
8
L
2
1
5
L
4
3
20
M
3
2
15
M
4
3
23
H
3
1
10
L
4
3
26
H
4
4
23
H
4
3
24
H
3
4
20
M
Loss of life, properties and assets • Leads to other disasters
• Loss of life, • Destruction of infrastructure, When two days of cumulative • Damage to land and loss of natural rainfall exceeds 8cm in a rain Landslide resources. station, landslide warning is • Landslide material can also block issued to the respective district rivers and increase the risk of floods • Agriculture crop loss • District administration Deficit in ground water recharge • Fall in investment capacity of Response from District Drought farmers, rise in prices, reduced administration grain trade, and power supply Nonavailability of drinking water • Sun burn • Loss of life & property • Casualty to people Install lightning rod during the Lightning • Mortality to cattle time of building construction • Damage to power, telephone lines, cable network • Overwhelm the health system, • Early identification of • Limiting the capacity to deal with patients to prevent the routine health issues and transmission compounding the problem. • encourage the use Epidemics • Beyond shocks to the health of respiratory hygiene sector, epidemics force both the ill • Establish channels to and their caretakers to miss work or inform health-care facilities be less effective at their jobs, driving and the community about down and disrupting productivity. ongoing epidemic • livestock disease affects global • Govt. subsidies treatment poverty initiatives for animals Cattle epidemics • Affects people depending on • vaccination livestock for livelihood • Better Veterinary facilities • Death of animals Food poisoning Loss of life Health facilitiies Agriculture crop loss Pest control measure by govt Pest attack Affects total production of food and supply Kyasanur Forest Loss of life Disease • Loss of life, Strict law and order against Fire accidents • Destruction of infrastructure, man-made forest fire • Loss of flora and fauna Loss of life, Awareness programs Road accidents Cause injuries and disability Strict Law and order Loss of life and property building collapse Casualty to people Drowning Loss of life
15 hooch accident Man-Animal 16 Conflicts 17
Precautions taken
Result of occurrence •
1
Likelihood of occurrence (Probability P) Criticality number (C ) 1 - Extremely unlikely L - low (1-10) 2 - Very unlikely 3 - Unlikely M - Medium (11-20) 4 - Likely 5 - Very likely H - High (21-30)
Suicides
Loss of life Loss of life, Cause injuries and disability • Awareness programmes • Financial support from government
Loss of life
30
RISK COMPARISON 25
Criticality rate
20 15
10 5 Series1 0
Risks Source: http://jananeethi.org/
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.18 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SWOT ANALYSIS W
O
❖Bracing climate and lush greenery is seen all across the landscape that make Meenangadi a dream home
❖There is very less space for people to interact or for recreation.
❖Common recreational (food court, table tennis, nature walk pathways etc.) spaces should be proposed so that markets can become more harmonious
❖Low crime rate and religious harmony
❖Construction activities disturbs the gradient of the slope and catchment area which leads to flooding.
❖Ponds for water collection can be dug without concretizing its surface as it will only prevent its seasonal recharge from catchment area.
❖The entire region might face water crisis in the years to come if seepage doesn’t take place.
❖Low key developmental projects such as agro tourism where in visitors can stay with farmers and enjoy farm life can be proposed.
❖Development of commercial sector may replace agricultural sector
❖The development plan should allow only those kind of construction practices which are suitable for the terrain and climate so that extreme situations of drought and floods can be avoided.
❖Hazard like flood and drought frequenting the panchayath due to climate change
S
T
Mercu
❖Ecology and topography is appreciated by the residents , and work towards carbonneutrality
❖Vegetation gets cut down without considering the type or age of plant/ trees and their role in the ecology of that area.
❖Few families of indigenous communities residing in Meenangadi have the knowledge of traditional methods of cultivation
❖Poor connectivity
❖Low lying part of the terrain with abundance of natural resources like fertile soil and water.
❖Less social infrastructure facilities catering health care, education and employment.
❖ Plastic shredding unit where plastic produced is recycled and used for construction of roads
❖Tele-health, a modern form of health care delivery, by using modern telecommunication systems
❖Large scale construction in landslide prone areas.
❖ Low economy and financial dependency of indigenous communities
VISION An ecologically sound, sustainable and resilient Meenangadi with supporting infrastructure facilities, enhanced mobility and world class healthcare by adopting smart technologies Ecological and Sustainable Meenangadi Goal 1.1 Self-reliable Food Supply by 2025
• • •
Strategies Awareness programmes regarding paddy cultivation Wayanad Agricultural skill development programmes involving indigenous groups Community kitchen garden programme (Guided by Kudumbasree) Effective distribution of pension for farmers Partnership programmes with NGOs Community sale of Agricultural products
•
Bi-annual agricultural fare
• • •
Goal 1.2 Self sustainable and productive forest management by 2032 Strategies
• • • •
Allocation of spaces for Skill development areas Community kitchen garden in every neighbourhood by 2025 Community sale spaces by 2025
• •
Forest fire resilient measures and awareness programmes Implementation of regulations on cutting of trees- Forest Department Reforestation and afforestation Branding and responsible utilisation of forest products (PPP)
Action Plan
•
Space allocation for Forest product sale by 2025
Health and Wellbeing Goal 2.1 Betterment of Healthcare Infrastructure by 2032
• •
• •
Strategies Multi speciality hospital Residential complexes for staff
Goal 2.2 Inclusion of innovative methods by 2028
• • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
Strategies To implement mobility-on-demand technology o Carpooling and Carsharing o Introduction of e-autorickshaws in line with carbon neutrality project To encourage cycling over other options Prioritization of pedestrian and cyclist safety and use of space. Provision of well-lit, partially enclosed waiting areas and safe parking facilities Information of conventional public transport updated online Well-lit & safe streets and roads
Action Plan To bringing on-demand services provided by ridesharing companiesby 2021 To provide traditional & electric cycle rental servicesby 2021 Construction of non-motorized transport infrastructurealong major roads by 2028 Installation of LED streetlights in all the roads and streets by 2022 Provision of proper traffic light signaling systems and traffic sign boards along major roads by 2024
Public life and social interaction
Strategies Implementation of Telehealth. Skill development for barefoot doctors Barefoot doctors as first-line responders
Action Plan Spaces for multi-speciality hospital by 2035 Spaces for residential complexes for staffs of hospital by 2040
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Goal 3.1 Adopting Smart Mobility Methods by 2028 •
Action Plan
•
Enhanced mobility and connectivity
Goal 4.1Diverse and inclusive development strategies that reconcile the standard of living with quality of life by 2030
Strategies •Experimental improvements (sidewalk cafe, a community event, a garden )that can be tested and refined over years. •Improve the quality of life and safety through the revitalization of public spaces •Create synergy and connections among the existing facilities .( UTILIZE THE POWER OF 10+) •Identify the talents and resources within the community and reinvent participatory planning •Create squares and parks as multi-use destinations •design our streets as comfortable and safe places for everyone — for pedestrians and bicyclists as well as drivers.
Action Plan • Create a comprehensive public space by 2030 • A public square as city’s pride and connected to their cultural and political institutions by 2025 • Support and undertake initiatives to enhance the biodiversity value of our parks, open spaces and waterways through partnerships
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.19 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 1 • • • • •
• •
•
ATTRACTIONS • Easy Connectivity to site, since its along NH • Existing waste management system • Accessibility to power and water • Therapeutic Environment • Flexibility And Expandability WEAKNESS • Slightly contoured site • Unhealthy values of Particulate Matter
Access: Airport International Railway station station Bus station stand (1 km,
Place: Ward no. 13, Meenangadi Site area: 25 acres Located along NH 766 Distance to the nearest hospital (PBM Hospital): 550m Existing land use: Residential and agricultural area Topography: Slightly contoured area Land mark : Food corporation of India godown Located 11.3 km from District head quarters Kalpetta and 12.6 KM from Sulthanbathery
: Kozhikode Airport (CCJ) (99 km) : Kozhikode Railway (84.5 km, 2hr 22min) : Meenangadi bus 1min)
Contour Map
Temperature
Meenangadi- Infrastructure Map
SOURCE : https://en.climatedata.org/asia/india/k erala/meenangadi798003/
Month
Nearby Infrastructure and facilities
Site 1 Meenangadi Substation Agricultural Land
Temple
NH 766 Government Polytechnic
Commercial Building Junction
Sun Path FCI Godown
District Child Protection Office
Bus Stop
ZONING 25 acres of land Density: 1000/ km2 Average household size: 4.2 Population served: 101 25 Households
LAND USE (ACRES)
2.13
15.88
Existing Plot Divisions
3 3.03
2.17
Residential Zone Commercial Zone Industrial Zone
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.20 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 1
Internal Roads
PLOT AREA
Coffee Tourism Coffee Museum o o o o
Existing Plot Divisions
Sale of Coffee products Souvenir Shop Coffee Museum Ticket Counter
Proposed Road Layout and Pedestrian pathway
Coffee Processing Unit o Milling o Drying o Parchment removal o Roasting
Total No.
Area (sq. m.)
Total area
HIG
8
600
4800
MIG
9
300
2700
LIG
9
120
1080
LIBRARY/ COMMUNITY HALL
1
800
800
CHILDREN’S PARK
1
1040
1040
OPEN GROUND
1
3450
3450
POND
1
450
450
COFFEE INDUSTRY
1
1000
1000
COFFEE PLANTATIONS
3
22150 22730 14430
59285
COMMUNITY KITCHEN GARDEN
2
1485 2165
3650
RESTAURANT
1
1630
1630
COWORKING SPACE
1
2250
2250
COFFEE SALE/MUSEUM
1
2000
2000
SHOPPING COMPLEX
1
1600
1600
THEATRE
1
900
900
MOTEL/CAFE
1
1320
1320
Commercial
Agricultural Area
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Coffee Plantation
LAND USE
Movie theatre, Shopping Complex, Spaces for community sale
Residential o
o o
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI
I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.21I MAJOR PROJECT I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
8 x 600 sqm plots 9 x 300 sqm plots 9 x 120 sqm plots
SITE 1: BUSINESS PLAN COMMITTEE MEMBERS FARMERS (2 members)
INFRASTRUCTURE ZONE (1 member)
MANAGERS (2 members) o
A farming community is formed, manages and monitors the crop production.
o
Manages the industry, the laborers and the sales of commercial coffee Manages the rent from the commercial areas.
Upkeeping and maintenance of various infrastructural facilities
REVENUE GENERATION
COFFEE PLANTATIONS 5.92 ha o
Income = 3.91 lakhs/year (Price of raw coffee = Rs. 66/kg, yield = 5920kg/ha/year) Expense = Rs.10000/ha/year = 0.59 lakhs/year Profit = 3.32 lakhs/year
o o
COMMUNITY HALL 8600 sq. ft. o Approximate Construction Cost =120 lakhs (Assuming Rs. 1400/ sq. ft.)
COFFEE SALE/ MUSEUM 190 sq. ft. o Approximate Construction Cost = 2.66 lakhs/year (Assuming Rs. 1400/ sq. ft.)
COFFEE INDUSTRY 10000 sq. ft.
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX 17250 sq. ft. o Approximate Construction Cost = 258.75 lakhs (Assuming Rs. 1500/ sq. ft.) o Approximate Rent = 99.36 lakhs/year (Assuming Rs. 60/month/sq. ft. and 80% carpet area) o Interest (8%) = 20.70 lakhs/year o Tax and maintenance = 6 lakhs/year o NET PROFIT = 72.66 lakhs/ years
MOVIE THEATRE 10000 sq. ft. o Approximate Construction Cost = 200 lakhs o Interest (8%) = 16 lakhs o Income = Rs.150/seat * 200 seats * 3 shows * 200 days = 180 lakhs/year o Tax and maintenance = 10 lakhs + 54 (30% from ticket cost) + 10 lakhs (staff) = 74 lakhs/year o NET PROFIT = 36 lakhs/ years
MOTEL 470 sq. ft. o Approximate Construction Cost = 6.58 lakhs (Assuming Rs. 1400/ sq. ft.) o Approximate Rent = 2.70 lakhs/year (Assuming Rs. 60/month/sq. ft. and 80% carpet area) o Interest (8%) = 0.52 lakhs/year o Tax and maintenance = 0.16 lakhs/year o NET PROFIT = 2.01 lakhs/ years
INDUSTRY - PROFIT CALCULATIONS o o o
About 4674 ha. of panchayat is utilized for cultivation of perennial crops. Large coffee plantations occupy 6% (280.44 ha). Supply from FCI godown can be expected too. COFFEE INDUSTRY PROFIT ANALYSIS
o o
Plant capacity: 5t/day Industry plinth area: 10000 sq. ft. PROJECT COST
Total coffee plantation area (assuming to obtain 20% from large coffee plantations)
56 ha
Industry construction cost (assuming Rs.1200/sq. ft.)
120 lakhs + 7.2 lakhs ( 6% of 120lakhs for electrification)
AverageCoffee yield from coffee plantations Plantation
860 kg/ha/year
Machine installation cost approximately
56 lakhs
Quantity of raw coffee obtained o Total
48160 kg/year
Total Project Cost
180 lakhs
Price of raw coffee
66/kg
Total cost of raw coffee
31.78 lakhs/year
Expenses (as calculated)
32.70 lakhs/year
Total cost price
64.48 lakhs/year
Price of commercial coffee (approximately)
300/kg
Quantity of finished product (assuming 80% of raw coffee)
EXPENSES Annual interest approximately
8% of 180 lakhs = 14.40 lakhs/year
Labor cost (10 workers)
800 * 10 = 8000/day = 16 lakhs/year (considering 200 working days)
38528 kg/year
Electricity charge approximately (assuming machine load 15KW and 5 hours)
400/day = 0.80 lakhs/year
Total selling price
116 lakhs/year
Annual maintenance and miscellaneous expense
1.50 lakhs
Profit
51.52 lakhs/year
Total
32.70 lakhs/year
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
LAND POOLING PROFIT o
o Expected payback period (By NPV calculations) = 4.52 years
Expected payback period (By NPV calculations) = 1.68 years (Assuming to be able to sell 50% of the plots)
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
Profit to the developer by the sale of remaining plots (356 lakhs) Profit to the landowners according to the percent of area contributed: amount ranges from 15 lakhs/year to 50 lakhs/year.
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.22 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 2 : IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS ANALYSIS AND INFERENCES
SITE SPECIFICATION: Area : Location : Land use : Climate :
12.43 hectares Vemgoor ward, Meenangadi Residential and Agricultural tropical monsoon climate
The site selected is 250 m away from national highway 766 but have direct visual connection to the highway.
16 houses Avg. household size – 4.2 Avg. Population = 67 Population density- 539
WAYANAD DISTRICT
VIEW FROM THE SITE
VIEW FROM NH
Site 2 12.43 hectares
OCCUPATION DETAILS
HOUSING DETAILS
10%
25%
PRIMARY OCCUPATION
16%
HIG
38%
MIG
OTHERS
LIG
74%
•
Average temperature of the site vary from 25°c to 34°c. Air quality PM-2.5 is 89 ug/m³ which is unhealthy for sensitive groups
37%
EDUCATIONAL DETAILS 12
❖ Majority of the population are depended on primary occupations such as agriculture, cultivation and animal husbandry ( MIG and LIG). HIG are mainly into business or NRI . ❖ Among the people survey ,all had completed compulsory primary education but later dropped out due to financial conditions and lack of interest. ❖ Most of the students from reservation group started working at a very young age to support their families. hence they have good knowledge of traditional cultivation techniques and methods
10
NO: OF PEOPLE
•
UNEMPLOYED
8 6
LIG
4
MIG HIG
2 0 PRIMARY EDUCATION
SECONDARY EDUCATION
EDUCATION LEVEL
TOURIST ATTRACTION NEAR SITE
Pathways through cultivation area
Existing road network
Aeronaut plantation Existing community interaction sheds
Container housing unit
SITE 2, VENGOOR WARD, MEENANGADI PANCHAYATH Existing cash crop cultivation
Residential buildings
Kolagappara view point
Recently implemented Drinking water project
SITE ENTRANCE FROM NH DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.23 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
HIGH SCHOOL
SITE 2 : ANALYSIS AND ZONING EXISTING SERVICES NETWORK
SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH 1.
Existing road density- 0.322
2.
3.
Site 2 12.43 hectares
WBM road gravel road Earthen roads Water supply Storm water drainage Electric post
4. 5.
6.
WEAKNESS
Few families of indigenous 1. communities are also residing who have the knowledge of traditional methods of cultivation. 2. Low contoured terrain with abundance of natural resources like fertile soil and water Prime economic activity is agriculture which includes 3. cultivation of many economically viable crops , such as tapioca, coconut, banana etc. Site produces ample amount milk and dairy products. Low disaster risk Amazing landscape views connecting kollagapara rock. The lush greenery is seen all across the landscape. Reservation group has good knowledge of traditional cultivation
EXISTING LANDUSE
OPPURTUNITY
Existing road not maintained properly No public spaces to encourage public interaction Paddy being best suitable crop for low lying area is least cultivated because of its low market price.
2%
1.
2.
3.
4. 5.
Low key developmental projects such as agro 1. tourism where in visitors can stay with farmers and enjoy farm life can be proposed. Horticulture or agrobiodiversity research centers can use these areas for their research and experimentation 2. Ponds for water collection can be dug 3. without concretising its surface as it will only prevent its seasonal recharge from catchment area. Food product industry It can attract large scale projects hotels and housing.
GREEN COVER
7%
13%
Residencial BUILD-UP AREA
GREEN COVER
Paddy field 80%
98%
THREAT Market trends may influence farmers to cultivate crops which are not suitable for low lying areas Unhealthily air quality Development al plans might consider biodiversity as weakness or unimportant
Green cover is quite high as compared to build-up . Hence, alternative measure should be taken for preserving the biodiversity . Development plan should go in parallel with carbon neutral mission of Meenangadi .
SITE 2 : NEIGHBOOR HOOD CONTEXT
Agro –tourism as a financial boost to agriculture sector
SITE 2: ZONING Area for a population of = 100 people Density = 800person/km2
Also home stay facilities as a alternative source of income Area as a viewscape of kolagappara rock
No noise pollution Residence along the main road
AGRO-TOURISM AGRICULTURAL ZONE Cash crop cultivation
COMMUNITY CENTER Community spaces that connects with nature . Play grounds and parks for morning walks and public interaction
GREEN HOUSE STORAGE FACILITY
RESIDENTIAL ZONE
AGROTOURISM
Site 2 : A self-sustainable community which focuses on primary occupations such as agriculture and animal-Husbandry
COMMUNITY KITCHEN GARDEN EXISTING PLANTATION
Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy. Over 70 per cent of the rural households depend on agriculture.
Horticulture and bee housing
COMMERCIAL ZONE
Storage facility in proportion with production
Green house for sensitive crops
GREEN HOUSE AND FOOD STRAGE FACILITIES
SITE ENTRANCE FROM NH 766
Commercial front to attract customers Area has a direct view from NH766
VIEW FROM NH
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI
I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.24I MAJOR PROJECT I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 2 : DETAILED CONCEPTUAL PLAN • • •
CONCEPT - An ecosystem that actively supports a more sustainable regional food network. By preserving the local region’s role and identity. Community represents a wholly new paradigm of urban living. The plan seeks to reconfigure traditional relationships between farmland and urban development.
HOUSING DETAILS
RESIDENCE Residential
Agro-industry
Public-spaces
commercial
BUILD AND UN-BUILD
PROPOSED LAND USE AGRICULTURE 13%
AGRO-INDUSTRY 31%
RESIDENTIAL AREA 19%
COMMERCIAL AREA PUBLIC SPACE
1%
9% 12% 8%
TOURISM
7% CULTIVATION AREA ROAD NETWORK LIG HOUSING
MIG HOUSING COMMUNITY CENTER
AGRICULTURAL AREA DAIRY FARM FOOD STALLS ANDORGANIC VEGETABLE KIOSKS
COMMUNITY PLAY GROUND
BIO-GAS PLANT
EXISTING COFFEE CULTIVATION AREA
STORAGE FACILITY AND GREEN HOUSE
HIG HOUSING AGRO-INDUSTRY STREETS AS PUBLIC PLACES
AGRO-TOURISM
WATER HARVESTING POND
FOOD STALLS AND ORGANIC VEGETABLES KIOSKS
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
ROAD HIERARCHY
UTILITY NETWORK
PRIMARY ROAD
WATER HARVESTING
SECONDARY ROAD
BIOGAS
DRINKING WATER NETWORK
WATER HARVESTING Drinking water supply pipeline BIOGAS
TERTIARY ROAD 4 M WIDE PEDESTRIAN FRIENDLY PATHWAYS
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI
I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.25 I MAJOR PROJECT I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 2 : DETAILED MASTER PLAN •
Small shops act as public interaction node Every group of housing units ( LIG & MIG) has a central green corridor with visual connection towards the agricultural land. These green zones can be used for drying grain
•
•
RESIDENCE (LIG)
RESIDENCE (MIG)
AGRICULTURAL LAND
COMMUNITY CENTER GROCERY SHOPS
PLAY GROUND
DAIRY FARMING AND POULTRY
AGROINDUSTRY
HIG HOUSING
COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX
AGRO-INDUSTRY
HOUSING STORAGE FACILITY & GREEN HOUSE
12M WIDE ROAD
AGRICULTURAL LAND
SITE SECTION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO.26 I MAJOR PROJECT
I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN
SITE 2 : BUSINESS PROPOSAL • • • • •
2 members from residential zone from each side One from Kudumbashree unit One representative from Meenangadi panchayath One representative from vetinary hospital and agriculture office One member from student community
WORKING GROUPS
MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
• • • • •
One worker from each agro-industry One manager from one industry One member from transportation One member working on infrastructural facilities One member from residential zone from each side.
REVENUE GENERATION AGRICULTURE Area =414765.75sq.ft Cultivation cost=2.26Lakhs/annum Price of paddy=4.26 Lakhs/annum Profit =2Lakhs/annum
COFFEE PLANTATION Total coffee plantation =2.36 ha Cultivating price of coffee=0.25Lakh/year Total cost of coffee=1.34 lakh/year Profit=1.1 Lakhs/year
COMMERCIAL COMPLEX Area=0.99 ha=106562.7 sq.ft Approximate Construction Cost = 1598 lakhs (Assuming Rs. 1500/ sq. ft.) Approximate Rent = 204.6 lakhs/year (Assuming Rs. 20/month/sq. ft. and 80% carpet area)
RESIDENTIAL Area:0.87ha Construction cost per sq.ft as per Kerala building rules For LIG=1150 Rs For MIG=1400 Rs For LIG=1900 Rs Houses Proposed - LIG=18,MIG=12,HIG-8 Existing- LIG=5,MIG=6,HIG-5 PROFIT Sale price of new plots=102.82 lakhs Total cost of construction=87.13 lakhs Profit=15.70 lakhs (after the sale)
AGRO-INDUSTRY BROOM MAKING UNIT Area=1000 sq.ft Total expenditure=3.24 lakhs Total sale price=45Lakhs lakhs/year Profit=41lakh/year RICE MILL Milling and storage Area= 500 sq. m Office, Lab& other= 500 sq. m. Total Project Cost= 101.15Lakhs Total income=160.94 Lakhs/year Profit=59.79 Lakhs/year COW FARM Area=2000 sq. ft. Total expenditure=46.45Lakhs Sale price=54Lakhs/year Profit=10.91lakhs/year
DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING NIT CALICUTAND ARCHITECTURE PLANNING, NIT CALICUT
BIOGAS PLANT Area :2500 Number of cows=25 SUBSIDY NORMS The cost for setting up biogas plants at the community levels can be met by the Local Governments. Expenditure=6.8 Lakhs Income for 1 month=7.08 lakhs/year Profit in one month=0.28 lakhs/year
WATER SUPPLY The targeted average lpcd (litre per capita per day) =150 lpcd For 100 people=15000L/day Water tank of volume=15 m3 is needed
RESILIENT COMMUNITY PLANNING M200355AR – ARUNIMA KT I M200560AR – TANIA VIJU I M200177AR – ARCHANA C I M200260AR – NIMIL MEHMAR HUSSAIN I
GUIDED BY – Dr. BIMAL P , Er. RIYA ROBI
I GROUP-2 I SHEET NO. 27 I MAJOR PROJECT I SEM-1 I
M.PLAN