DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 SLEEPING POD
PENGNAN (NINA) LIU
(652182) MICHELLE EMMA JAMES GROUP 9
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Contents 1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Object: measured drawing 1.2 Rhino model 1.3 Analysis 1.4 Sketch model 1.5 Sketch design proposal 2.0 DESIGN 2.1 Design development intro 2.2 Digitization + Design proposal v.1 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal v.2 2.5 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects 3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 Fabrication intro 3.2 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v2 3.3 Design development & Fabrication of prototype v3 3.4 Final Prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final Digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Assembly Drawing 3.8 Completed 2nd Skin 4.0 REFLECTION 5.0 APPENDIX 5.1 Credit 5.2 Bibliography
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0.0 INTRODUCTION
In the subject Digital Design and Fabrication, we were given the brief of design project sleeping pod or devices for 1 person. while sleep in the work place is seen as counterproductive, recent research has shown that powermap can increase brain function and productivity at work . the pod or device will allow 1 person to take a powermap in the university campus; either at the desk, library ior student union house.
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1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Object: measured drawing 1.2 Rhino model 1.3 Analysis 1.4 Sketch model 1.5 Sketch design proposal
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Chosen object : pineapple
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1.1 MEASURED DRAWING
The left drawing is the abstract drawing of section view. The aim of this drawing is that transfer real object to the simply geometric forms.
scale 1:2 230mm 88mm
The left drawing is the section drawing of a quarter.
scale 1:2
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scale 1:2
180mm
150mm
160mm
scale 1:2
The top drawing is the section near top area.
scale 1:2
The top drawing is the section near middle area.
scale 1:2
The top drawing is the section near bottom area.
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1.2 RHINO MODEL
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process 2
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PERSPECTIVE VIEW
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FRONT VIEW
TOP VIEW
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1.3 ANALYSIS
By looking at the skin of pineapple, I found that they all formed by simply geometric modules. Thus the above drawing shows the distribution of skin elements in a abstract way.
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Those two drawings demonstrate the real pineapple skin details, which gives me the idea of design in the future. Because actually pineapple’s skin only consisted by the like circle part and like triangle shape. Explore how they fixed stable together may help the joint area in my design idea.
The left section detail shows the thickness of outside skin of pineapple, and it also presents how every elements on skin overlay to each other .
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1.4 SKETCH MODEL Cut 3 pieces, and drawing small circle and line in middle area Make a hole in drawing area
Try to fix 2 parts together
Draw frame on piece of paper And Draw the 3D form of this model
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Fixed all of pieces on
Before I stick the top surface, I found that the unfinished part can also be a design inspiration ( when binding).
It can also form an arch
The connection details between 2 parts
In the future, I may change the material of this model, because paper is too soft to hold the whole parts. If I made this in a real
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1.5 SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL 1st IDEA FILL PROTECT JOINT GRADUAL
Using simply geometric figures to express design ideas. The right drawings show how squares join with octangons.
2nd IDEA OVERLAP TWINE INTERACTION
Using a rope or paper to twine may make people uncomfortable, so the using of triangle modules could solve this problem. Because every triangle modules are overlap with each other, and the whole model will move when people wave their hands or move, so that it
A little slope of this part could let the surface to be curved. Many octagons fixed together to form a surface, and because of the holes among octangons a square is put in the hole to fill the plan. This idea is from the skin detail of pineapple, which shows how different geometric figures fixed together for getting a surface or a space. The combination of octagons and squares makes a plan without any holes on it, so that this design provides a really private space for people.
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This shows how every elements fixed with each other.
This design idea is came from mummy in Egypt , which twining body inside. Twining people could create a very private space, and the using of triangle prevent ‘rope‘ binding so tight.
3rd IDEA GRADUAL CHANGE, IRREGULAR, CENTER
In the left drawing, those circles show the spread of different irregular modules position, but the surrounding elements always towards the center (head).
Following the comfortable distance of people, those irregular modules create a ‘semi-colsed area’, that an open area on the top of head, but surrounding is enclosed.
Because strangers are effected differently than friends by a loss of personal space. So that a ‘screen‘ is set up on the shoulder, which depends on the comfortable distance of people to achieve the different height.
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M1 REFLECTION
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In the first module, four objects were given by the tutor, and I chose pineapple as my object that I need to explore, measure, analyse and model it for my following design project. In this stage, I focused on the logic of organization and arrangement of pineapple as a system. The measurement method for pineapple is easier, because we can just cut it down and measure the distance, but pineapple has the uneven skin outside, so for pineapple, I am not only draw it by using rulers but also draw the skin details to observe and show how different elements on skin worked. Like Heath, Heath and Jensen (2002) argued that the detailed observation and measured drawing shows how the object’s system working and to support the photos we taken, and provide the hidden parts behind the objects. For the second reading, I drawn an abstract pineapple section drawing by using the method introduced in how to lay out a croissant reading to show the relationship between each elements of the pineapple’s section view. The brief of this design project is to design a sleeping pod, and personal space is the main requirement for this design, like Sommer (1969) presented that personal space is the area with invisible boundaries surrounding a person’s body that no one could interrupt, and everyone has their own comfortable level with others. So take the inspiration from reading, I made the comfortable level around people, and I also refer the distance of comfortable level to finish my 3 sketch design, like the 3rd idea.
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2.0 DESIGN
G roup member: zhuyun wang(constance)
2.1 Design development introduction 2.2 Digitization + proposal 2.3 Precedent research 2.4 Design proposal 2 2.5 Prototype + testing effects
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2.1 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION This idea is designed to fix on the table , which is foldable and flexible.
This idea can be used in any where. Because of the texture and property of material, people can use it on table, next to the wall or even lying down.
This is our first idea, which is taken from Constance This design is to use triangular shape to form this kind of ‘envelope‘ for students who want to have a little rest on table. Actually, this ‘envelope‘ is not enclosed, which means anyone around you may interrupt people inside, so that is a consideration for us to develop our design ideas in the following stages.
This is our second idea,which is mainly taken from Nina’s design in M1. In this idea, we focus on comfortable level and distance around people, which could give us a clear boundary of our final works. Moreover, the change of height of every ‘columns‘ for providing move space in front of face, so that people may not feel losing breadth. This ‘envelope’ is foldable, which means it is very convince for people to carry along.
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The above photo is the original model of our first idea. It is fixed on both end parts, and when we rotate every pieces it will shape a curve surface
Thiose two drawings show the angle that people may make when they sleeping next to the wall (stand).
This design just like the armor for protecting people. Because creating a personal space for sleeping is also a kind of protection. For example, why people closing doors when they sleeping? Because in an enclosed area they may feel more safety. So that this armor like sleeping pod is just for people to have a freer or safety feeling spaces.
These 6 steps show how the second idea developed.
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The above photo shows the form when we fold it together. However it has many shortages, like the thickness of the whole design, and actually it looks give a emotion of flexibility, but it is hard to fix together. Thus those kind of issue should be considered into account.
2.2 DIGITIZATION +DESIGN PROPOSAL
PLAN OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
The above drawing is showing the initial idea of flexibility and convinced. The foldable surface is being used here. This design is the developing of our first idea, but we changed big elements to the small one, which makes it more like an enclose spaces. Because from the reconfiguring model, that has some gaps between every elements, so we think the smaller elements may create a better mesh to the model
ELEVATION OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
The above drawing shows the perspective view of the real model, and it is total fixed on the table.
ISOMETRIC OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
The right drawing shows the perspective view of the real model, and it is total fixed on the table.
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ISOMETRIC VIEW
RIGHT VIEW
The above drawing shows the second idea, and the blue color is the shade of people who is standing sideway for sleeping. The orange color shows people face to the left i.e. front side face to the spiral area. The reason why we designed this shape is that we want it could hang by user, and multiple-direction used. TOP VIEW
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Those left two drawings show how spiral works here. The pineapple element is not the only reason that I used here, another reason is that it can return to the original shape after use like a memory material. The right drawing shows the abstract section view of this model, which shows how spiral works here. The right hand drawing shows the situation when people stands up. They face to the small pillow. And the body bears the main load from sleeping pod. About the kind of multi-function of this sleeping pod, I want to figure out that every time I can see people sleeping on the train, but sometime there is no seat for them, so they just lean on the handle for have a rest. So that in the situation, I designed this sleeping pod that people can use it in any way they want.
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2.3 PRECEDENT RESEARCH Ribbon Chapel / Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP Architects
Spiralling, Ascending, Revolving, Twisting
This free-standing building has two spiral stairways so that one supports the other. The two stairways go through twists and turns before uniting as one, when two spirals seamlessly connect at their summit to form a single architecture. The characteristic about this structure is that the entwining stairways perform as roofs, eaves, walls and floors to produce the whole space.
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Spiralling, Ascending, Revolving, Twisting Those two drawings show how this precedent’s building spiral, and from the left side drawing, it is clear that this building is a kind of self supported building, which has no columns in. Beside, due to the no columns part of it, the shadow area is the building space that is created for people’s activities.
However, if it is only twist in one direction, it cannot realize the ‘no column’ aim. So that the architect makes a two ways spiral, which makes this building more stable. In our design, at first we developed the two ends of spiral frame into a backpack, which can fix the sleeping pod stable.
This precedent shows that simple strip structures can form a three-dimensional descending space by the movements of spiralling and twisting.
More information about fixation is in appendix.
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2.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL 2
TOP VIEW
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RIGHT VIEW
ISOMETRIC VIEW
GUIDELINE
This is the personal space pattern of is defined by the sleeping pod. It shows that for the sleeping person, more private space is required at the front than at the back. Also, spaces at two sides are also important, so that the sleeping person can be protected from intruders around. In addition, the sleeping pod covers the front of the person and prevent the light around going through, which offers the person comfort during sleeping.
TOP VIEW
The sketch model of the back side view of the second idea is shown above. It is the first development from the RHINO model, because it is very hard to make this kind of rhino model, so this 3d sketch shows that how our idea works , and how the material spiral from shoulder to head.
This sketch above shows the develop idea of left sketch. We change the area behind neck, because when people lean on the wall, this part has no support, so that we spiral more on this area.
RIGHT VIEW
ISOMETRIC VIEW
The left drawing is the people standing against the wall. It is clear that user could put their head on the little, hidden pillow, which provides a support for the neck. The reason why we designed this part is that every time we slept standing or sitting, we always feel uncomfortable with our head, neck and even arms. Also there is research noted that those kind of sleeping situation may cause the cervical spondylosis and shortsightedness
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2.5 PROTOTYPE+ TESTING EFFECTS
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There are some good functions and features of our design. The first one is that the material of wire makes the whole sleeping pod bendable and can be shaped into different position according to the size the users. For example, when you wear it, you just put the pod on your shoulder and attach the stripe surrounding your waist. We make this belt-like stripe long enough so different sizes of users can use it. Also, the form is very soft and comfortable for users when they wear it. Secondly, there is a hidden pillow within the sleeping pod. We stick the fourth, fifth, and sixth layers together at the back of the neck and user can lean back supported by the sleeping pod. Thirdly, as mentioned, the sleeping pod is very stable, wearing on the user’s body. It also provides security and good environment for sleeping. Moreover, the outside is invisible for the user and the sleeping pod also communicate to the outside that the personal space is needed for the user. Lastly, there is a small gap on the bottom of the sleeping pod that the user can play their phones
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M2 REFLECTION
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For the module 2, the main problem for me is the idea of designing project. Because of the group work requirement, both of us finished our 1st module, and we developed in different direction, so the biggest problem is to make a choice, like the finish prototype. Besides, I focused more on my own idea, and I did not pay attention to my group member’s idea so that in the presentation we did not have a good logic of our works. Compared with other group’s presentation, they have the clear structure of logic. Moreover, in the end of module 2, we almost finished whole design of our idea, so that it results in the difficulties in the development in the following module 3 stage. So I think in the future, in the other subject, I may explore more aspects and do more precedent research to get more inspiration for broaden my thinking. For the first question, the definition of developable surfaces is that the surface can be mapped isometrically into the plane (pottmann et al. 2000). The developable surface uses the mathematical knowledge to make lines in the specific rule, and the plane formed by those lines is the developable surface, which can be made through digital software like CAD. For the difference between abstraction and reduction, the abstraction is like using sufficient and unambiguously information to present the model but the model is out of reality, besides, it needs to use smart soft digital tool to realize, like the mesh in the rhino model. In contrast, the reduction is to rewriting the description without any changes, but once designer change it they must make sure the parts they eliminate are truly superficial (Scheurer & Stehling 2011). In my last idea of module 1, I use many strips around body, when I did the development of it, I made the rhino model firstly, and then I used bending command and mesh command to transform the original idea.
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3.0 FABRICATION
G roup member: zhuyun wang(constance)
3.1 Fabrication introduction 3.2 Design development & fabrication of prototype v2 3.3 Design development & fabrication of prototype v3 3.4 Final prototype development + optimisation 3.5 Final digital model 3.6 Fabrication sequence 3.7 Assembly drawing 3.8 Completed sleeping pod
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3.1 FABRICATION INTRODUCTION
Based on the “personal space levels” ideas, Our group did further experimentations, explorations And researches on four aspects. They are adjusting size of sleeping pod for everyone, Using a proper material to reach the comfortable aims, Changing outlook or inside color for give a different Emotion to people, and using 3D software to shape the Ideal form of sleeping pod. We also test the effects and mechanisms through further Iteration of prototype to approach our goal. Characteristics of the final sleeping pod: 1. Supporting human body - hidden pillow inside 2. Blocking the sound - dimples on the surface 3. Blocking the light - covering the user’s face entirely 4. Comfort - soft materials 5. Suitable for users in different sizes - bendable fixing strips 6. Personal space - boundary around body 7. Security for walking - visible when looking down (gap in between)
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3.2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V2
For this prototype, we will develop it in different aspects 1.Materials - explore differnet types of materials to generate the best one in terms of functions and textures. 2. Size - adjust the form of the sleeping pod to suit for anyone 3.Joint - develop a joint that can be adjusted into different sizes. 4. Test effects in terms of comfrt, blocking sound, locking light and supporting human bodies.
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In the M2 presentation, we though our project is suitable for anyone. However, when Paul tried to wear it that it was too small for Paul. Thus, we realize it is hard to match everyone’s size by fixing the project on the user’s shoulder. The above picture, it showed that we try to remove the parts that surround the user’s shoulder. But it is obvious that the sleeping pod cannot just sit on the shoulder steadily. So in the following states, we try to explore different forms of the design to generate a best version that the design is suitable for anyone in any size.
This time, we are inspired by the backpack that using two parallel strips to fix the whole sleeping pod on the shoulder. The advantage of the design is that sleeping pod is very stable sitting on the shoulder and the user can user wear it walking just like a backpack. However, the problem is that it is not easy to wear since the user is expected to wear the ‘backpack’ while put the head into the sleeping pod. Thus, further development is required.
In the second method, we decide to develop the second design further. There are two strips that is free at the bottom of the sleeping pod, that you will bring them at the back and intersect them. The strips are set at the front eventually. In general, it is a combination of ‘backpack’ and the initial design of belt. The advantage is that it is stable as well as easy to wear.
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3.3 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & FABRICATION OF PROTOTYPE V3
Those photos show the physical protype version 2, that we change the main material of this model. This material called Acoustic Convoluted Foam, which should be installed on the wall for absorb noise in room. The reason why we choose this material is that it could realise the goal that we want this sleeping pod achieved. When we wear sleeping pod in public area, noise is always one of the problems, and we all want a quite space to have a rest.
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Photographs when we wear it However, there are some problems on this model 1. gaps on between each strips 2. this model really has a pungent smell 3. when we glue it, it worked poorly (because this material has the higher density, so it is much harder that the material we used before.)
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3.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT + OPTIMISATION Three pictures shown above are the Acoustic Convoluted Foam, which should be installed on the wall for absorb noise in room.
The color and function are very suitable for the sleeping pod, but it is clear that there are some holes on foam.
Three pictures shown above are the convoluted foam, which is our final model’s material.
A sharper end of wire could make it easily to insert into foam.
Because of its softy, dimple on surface, and plasticity property,
And when we finished making a final model, the smell of it is very Pungent.
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we choose it as our final model material.
Three pictures shown left are the first material we try to use, called Foam Bolster.
Three pictures shown left are the Medium density foam, which is always used in the seat backs,cushions and mattresses.
However, due to the thickness and density of this form, it is hard to insert a wire inside.
This material is really soft, so that when we insert a wire inside, the foam in the hole stops the pricking hole.
And it also hard to fix the form in a certain shape.
Besides, the edges of form were broken easily that causes the no aesthetics.
This material is very hard,so it is difficult to insert a wire inside.
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3.5 FINAL DIGITAL MODEL PROCESS
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PLAN VIEW OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
RIGHT VIEW OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF RHINO MODEL ON BODY
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3.6 FABRICATION SEQUENCE The left photos show the first method that we create the adjustable strip on our shoulder. firstly, we cut a hole in the first two strips, then we found that it tends to be tore when we pull or drag it. Then, we cut the strips in another side into a smaller size for insert it inside the hole. Finally, fold it in the opposite direction.
The left pictures show the fixed method that we decide used in our final design model. because in this way it minimise the joints on foam, and also create enough space for different people.
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2mm wire (12 m) inserts in foam strips
Start to spiral strip around the model to form the sleeping pod
Attaching the last layer to the sleeping pod
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3.7 ASSEMBLY DRAWING TOP SURFACE
PANELLING
DIMPLE INSIDE FACE
OUTSIDE FACE (HIDDEN BY PANELLING)
BOTTOM SURFACE
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3.8 COMPLETED SLEEPING POD
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M3 REFLECTION
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In this module, I think we focus more on material choosing so that we deviated the material system, and we were restricted by the shape of material like strip, but actually, there are many other ways to form this sleeping pod, the last part is the details and tailoring, which we did not focused more on this aspect. In this week’s reading, more digital fabrication methods were introduced to us, however, due to the design idea and direction we chosen, we cannot use those fabrication ways, but in the future, they will be the better tool for us to make physical models. There are four digital fabrication processes were presented in the reading. The first one is TWO-DIMENSIONAL FABRICATION which is cutting technologies included plasmaarc, laser-beam, and water-jet, using as a moving cutting head and bed. Refer to the different thickness, different technology will apply different functions. For example, lasercutters use a high-intensity focused beam of infrared light with highly pressurized gas to melt the materials and work only for the materials that can absorb light energy. While water-jets can cut almost any material and thicker materials compared to laser-cutters (Kolarevic 2003). The second is SUBTRACTIVE FABRICATION which is about the removal of a specified volume of material from solids using electro-, chemically- or mechanically - reductive process. Three types of milling can be identified: axially, surface or column (Kolarevic 2003). The third one is the ADDICTIVE FABRICATION which is the process adds material in a layer-by-layer way to generate an incremental form. The last one is the FORMATIVE FABRICATION that the material can be shaped and restricted by heat or steam into desired shape through reshaping and deformation process (Kolarevic 2003). Actually, our design is a little bit different, because we did not use many digital tool to help us design and construct the final model. However, we use Rhino software to construct the model via the prototype. Because we brought the material first, in this design, we use Rhino as a tool to help us test the model under different direction of light, and also to test the spiral effects of model. In the future subject, I can use that fabrication way to make models in other subjects.
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4.0 REFLECTION
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Before I started learn Digital Design and Fabrication, I think it just a kind of rhino workshop for design major students. However, after the whole semester study, I found that I gain more than what I thought before. In the tutorial, the explanation of different module works from tutor is very clear, and the most important thing is that the feedback from tutor after every presentation. Because we almost got our final sleeping pod design in the end of module 2, and it is really difficult for us to develop it. Thanks to the advice from tutor and lecturer we got the new direction in our design project. Another one that I learnt from studio is listening to other group’s presentation, which gives me more inspiration. The challenging thing I found in this studio is the digital modelling process. Because in my design, I need to use paneling tool and spiral commands to model the sleeping pod, however, due to the material and form we want to realize it is very hard for us to make a strip spiraled around body. Although we got assistance from tutor, it still did not get what we wanted in the finial journal. Another challenging aspect is using laser cut, although we have no chance to use it, but from Lisa’s reading “Digital Fabrication” and classmates’ presentation I learnt little bit of it, so I will use this technique in my other subject. I think we went wrong in 3 aspects. 1. In module 2, I think we focused more on one specific part of sleeping pod, comfortable level, which restrict and narrow our thought, so that we only focus on the material which is soft and thick. And once we chose foam as our main material, our design is restricted in the strip form. 2. When I stared our module 2 design idea, I used rhino to make some simply column like things around shoulder, then I used bending and spiral commands to test the form of sleeping pod, like Marble (2008) argued that the risk is related to human input and it shifts from hand to the mind, which represents computation. He also mentioned that with the development of digital design tools design is likely a process of making. For example, when we using rhino, just typed some words, a plane of volume was done. I use the intelligence of computer to get ideas, so my idea is the outcome of coincidence, it does not totally come from my mind. 3. The last part is the final design in module 3 that we focus more on material choosing and we only focus on strip shape to create a volume. As for the feedback from tutor, we did not understand this material system fully, and even some details and tailoring. When we get one advice, like material choosing, we pay attention to it so that we forgot what material system we should followed, like the problem in module 2.
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5.0 APPENDIX
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5.1 CREDITS Page Cover
Drawings
Computation
Model Fabrication Model Assembly
Photography
Writing
Graphic Design
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Pengnan LIU
Student name
Zhuyun Wang
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Drawings
Computation
Model Fabrication Model Assembly
Photography
Writing
Graphic Design
5.2 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Asperl et al, 2007,’Surfaces that can be built from paper’, in H.Pottmann, A.Asperl,M.Hofer, A.Kilian (eds), Architectural Geometry, Bentley Institute Press, p534-561. Cheng, R. 2008, Inside Rhinoceros 4,Thomson/Delmar Learning : Clifton Park, NY. Enric Miralles,Carme Pinos, 1988/1991, ‘How to lay out a croissant’, El Croquis 49/50, En Construccion, Carme Pinos, pp. 240-241 Heath, A., Heath, D., & Jensen, A. 2000, 300 years of industrial design : function, form, technique, 1700-2000 Watson-Guptill : New York. Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing, Spon Press, London. Marble, S, 2008, ‘Imagining Risk’, in Philip Bernstein & Peggy Deamer (eds), Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, pp 38-42. Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. 2011, ‘Lost in Parameter Space’, IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, vol. 81, no. 4, July, pp. 70-79. Sommer, R. 1969, Personal space : the behavioral basis of design, Prentice-Hall , Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
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