1
EDITED BY NITIKA GOGIA
Everything we do is rooted in a passion for goodness – a passion that started with our founder, Milton Hershey. And, really, it just started with a few simple ideas: providing affordable chocolate, a progressive workplace, and living out a dedication to helping kids in need. In working to bring those ideas to life, we’ve had the opportunity to bring goodness to the world in so many ways.
2
We started with humble roots and a simple five-cent Hershey’s bar. Now, we make more than 80 brands that are enjoyed around the world, including such iconic favorites as Hershey’s Milk Chocolate Bars, Hershey’s Kisses Chocolates, and Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups, as well as delicious snacks like Krave and Brookside Bars.
RY
F
O IST
P
9
ILI AC
TIES
23
DU RO
43
CTS A
H
Table of Contents
ERT DV
61
ISING
Y R O T S HI
-
“One is only happy in proportion as he makes others feel happy.� M
n o t l i
y e h Hers
Early Years 1857–1876 Entrepreneur Milton Snavely Hershey was born on September 13, 1857, in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. He was the only surviving child of Veronica “Fanny” Snavely and Henry Hershey. Born on a farm outside of Derry Church, Pennsylvania—a small farming community in the central part of the state—Hershey spent the early years of his childhood trailing his father, a dreamer who always had his eye out for the next big opportunity. But Henry Hershey lacked the perseverance and work ethic to stick anything out. Hershey inherited the entrepreneurial spirit from his father who moved the family often, attempting a variety of business ventures, including farming and cough drop manufacturing. However, his mother instilled in him an appreciation for hardwork. Because of all the moves, Hershey’s early schooling was haphazard, ending after the fourth grade. By 1867, Hershey’s father had largely cut himself out of the family picture. The details around his parents’ separation are cloudy, but it’s largely believed that Fanny, the daughter of a Mennonite clergyman, had grown tired of her husband’s failures. With Hershey’s upbringing left to her, the strict Fanny instilled in her son an appreciation for hard work. At the age of 14, Hershey went to work as an apprentice with the printer of a German-American newspaper in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. After dropping a tray of type, made up of the hundreds of tiny metal pieces once used to print newspaper pages, he was fired. His mother found him a second apprenticeship, this time with Joseph H. Royer, a confectioner in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. From 1872 to 1876, Hershey helped Royer with his candy-making business and ice cream parlor, learning skills that would later help him build his own candy empire. Four years later, Hershey borrowed $150 from his aunt and set up his own candy shop in the heart of Philadelphia.
11
Tried and Tried Again 1884–1893 At the age of 19, Hershey parted company with Royer and started his own candy business in Philadelphia. He hoped to find an eager buying public in the thousands of people visiting the city for the Great Centennial Exposition celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. With money he borrowed from his uncle and the help of his mother and aunt, Hershey began making taffy and caramels, which were sold from a pushcart. The business scraped by for six years. In 1882, Hershey collapsed from the strain of working all day (selling the candy) and all night (manufacturing it). Forced to admit failure, Hershey closed up shop. Hershey decided to seek his fortune in Denver, Colorado, along with his father, who had also moved west. He worked for a candy company in Denver, where he learned how to improve the quality of his chocolate by adding fresh milk. With his father, he moved to Chicago, and opened yet another candy business. Like the others, it also failed. Moving to New York City in the spring of 1883, Hershey worked for a candy business called Huyler and Company, and started manufacturing Hershey’s Fine Candies.
12
Unfortunately, sugar prices increased and due to this, Hershey lost his candy-making machinery and had failed again. In 1885, he returned to Lancaster, Pennsylvania. After so many failures, his aunt and uncle refused to loan Hershey any more money. He became partners with William Henry Lebkicher, a man he had hired in Philadelphia. The two men scraped together enough money to start the Lancaster Caramel Company, where Hershey devised a formula using fresh milk to make “Hershey’s Crystal A” caramels. Finally, he found success. An English importer ordered $2,500 worth of caramels to ship to England. The proceeds allowed Hershey to expand his business. Borrowing $250,000 from the Importers and Traders Bank of New York City, Hershey expanded once again. The Jim Cracks, Roly Polies, Melbas, Empires, Icelets, and Cocoanut Ices sold very well. By 1893, the Lancaster Caramel Company had opened candy-making plants in Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, Chicago, and Geneva, Illinois, employing 1,400 people. From that time on, the Lancaster Caramel Company was extremely successful, and by 1894 Milton Hershey was considered one of Lancaster’s most substantial citizens.
Travel and Love 1893–1915
The success of his caramel business enabled Hershey, for the first time in his life, to spend money for his own pleasure. While he was never ostentatious, he clearly had a longing and a taste for beauty and elegance. One of the first things he did was purchase a spacious home at 222 South Queen Street, Lancaster, in 1891. He remodeled the house, taking great interest in its furnishings and filling it with exotic birds, plants and mementoes of his travels. Milton Hershey’s love of gardens, which was to be so evident in the town of Hershey, was clear from the start as he closely supervised the landscaping of the grounds. As was fashionable among other well-to-do Americans of the time, Milton Hershey began to travel to such places as Mexico, Europe, England, and Egypt. Ever curious and always picking up ideas from what he saw, he visited museums, shops, and tourist attractions, walked the streets, watched the people, and is said to have kissed the Blarney Stone and gambled in Monte Carlo. In 1898, Milton Hershey, now forty years old, astounded everyone by marrying Catherine “Kitty” Sweeney, a beautiful Irish-American Catholic girl from Jamestown, New York. She brought gaiety, wit, and warmth into his life. By all reports their life together was very happy despite not being able to have children of their own. The Hersheys lived first in Lancaster, but when ground was broken for the new chocolate factory in 1903, they planned to build a house there. Their home, High Point, was built on a rise overlooking the factory. Finished in 1908, its furnishings - Oriental rugs, lamps, plants and stuffed chairs - reflected the styles of the time as well as the Hersheys’ enjoyment of the many pieces they had acquired during their travels. In the early years at High Point the Hersheys entertained friends often, and also traveled extensively. Sadly, Mrs. Hershey was struck by a debilitating disease and died prematurely in 1915, followed by the loss of his mother. 13
Hershey Chocolate Co. 1893–1905 Caramels gave Milton Hershey his first million, but chocolate gave him his real fortune. His vision for the potential of chocolate was shaped by a visit to the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, where he became fascinated by an exhibit of German chocolate-making machinery. At the end of the Columbian Exposition, Hershey bought two pieces of the equipment and had it installed in a wing of the Lancaster Caramel factory. He also purchased additional equipment through the company’s New York office, also having it delivered to Lancaster. His commitment to developing a chocolate business was confirmed when the Hershey Chocolate Company was established as a subsidiary of the Lancaster Caramel Company in February 1894. Within a year Hershey was producing his own chocolate, as well as cocoa and baking chocolate. His confectionery line would soon include over 100 varieties of vanilla sweet chocolate novelties. By the late 1890s, Hershey was convinced that his future lay in producing chocolate rather than caramels. In 1900, he sold his Lancaster Caramel Company to competitors for $1 million to devote all his energies to his quickly expanding chocolate business. His search for the perfect site to build a complete chocolate factory led Milton Hershey back to his birthplace in Derry Township, Pennsylvania. He purchased The Homestead, the farm where he had been born, in 1897. The Homestead served as the site for Hershey’s milk condensing experiments, a necessary first step in developing a formula for milk chocolate. Beginning in 1898 Hershey and a few chosen employees worked long hours side by side, and into the night, until just the right blend of ingredients was found for milk chocolate. While experiments for a formula for milk chocolate would continue for several years, Hershey’s Milk Chocolate was first introduced in late 1900. The product enjoyed immediate success. By 1902 it was obvious that a new, larger factory was needed to produce milk chocolate. After inspecting possible sites for his new chocolate factory in New York, New Jersey and Maryland, Hershey was soon convinced that the central Pennsylvania countryside would provide everything he needed for a factory: a plentiful water supply, access to rail lines, fresh milk and industrious workers. When his wife heard that Hershey intended to build in Derry Township, she told him he ought to have his head examined. Most of his associates agreed with her because they felt the site was too remote. However, Hershey’s mind was firmly made up. Beginning in late 1902, Hershey quietly began buying land through an agent. Ground breaking took place on March 2, 1903, and by summer 1905 the new factory was completed. The Hershey Chocolate Factory was designed to produce milk chocolate using mass production techniques. Much of the specialized machinery was either developed or adapted by factory employees. When the Hershey Chocolate Company was first established, Milton Hershey produced many varieties of sweet chocolate candies. When he made the brilliant business decision to concentrate on Hershey’s milk chocolate, and a few other basic chocolate products such as cocoa and chocolate coatings, his name became the nationwide symbol for quality milk chocolate in a phenomenally short time.
14
15
Hershey had other qualities as well, which made him a good businessman. He was imaginative. He had the skill of choosing able assistants and of keeping their devotion. He had a broad grasp of markets and of their possibilities and, he was daring. Once he had made a decision, he put his entire force behind it, whether it was making chocolate, producing his own sugar in Cuba or, wrongly as it turned out, trying to stabilize the price of sugar futures. On the whole, he was respected for his honesty, for driving hard bargains and for selling a first-class product. Milton Hershey was a doer, not a philosopher. He rarely wrote and seldom talked about his beliefs. Nevertheless, he obviously thought a lot about such matters as success and the value and purposes of money. He believed wealth should be used for the benefit of others and practiced what he preached. He also understood that doing good works was also good for business. That practical approach did not lessen the depth or scope of his interest in other people’s welfare. Milton Hershey used his chocolate fortune to primarily benefit two projects: the town of Hershey and his Hershey Industrial School for orphan boys. Although some questioned the wisdom of his decisions, no one ever questioned his sincerity. 16
Planning the Model Town 1893–1915 Plans for building the town went hand in hand with building the factory. Since Hershey started his company in the middle of farmland, not in a town, it was clear from the start that he would have to provide a place for at least some of his workers, as well as his managerial staff, to live. With the help of Henry “Harry” N. Herr, a Lancaster engineer, plans were drawn for a pleasant tree-lined community which provided for all the needs of its residents. A bank, hotel, public school, churches, parks, golf courses and a zoo followed each other in rapid succession. At the onset of planning for the town, Milton Hershey developed a trolley system so that employees would not be forced to live in Hershey and had a way to get to work from nearby towns. Some people were suspicious of Hershey’s motives in founding the town, and feared that he would take advantage of people who lived there, as had happened in other “company towns.” Workers, for example, vetoed Hershey’s idea of forming a cooperative store because they thought they would somehow be cheated. But though Milton Hershey could certainly be autocratic and was criticized for deciding what was important, often without consulting the town’s residents, his concern for his workers’ welfare was genuine. Like other industrialists who built model towns for their workers, Milton Hershey
took great pride in his community. As the town population grew, Milton Hershey provided for new schools, a new bank building and expanded services such as the trolley system and telephone service. The community remained an enduring passion for Milton Hershey throughout his life. The coming of the Depression beginning in 1929 threatened to bring economic disaster to his community. Hershey responded with his own unique form of benevolent paternalism. As the Depression deepened, Milton Hershey undertook a major construction program, which became known as the Great Building Campaign. During the 1930s, more than 600 men found work building many structures that later became major tourist attractions. Hotel Hershey, Hershey Community Theatre, the Community Building, the Hershey Industrial Junior-Senior High School (now Catherine Hall), Hershey Sports Arena, the Stadium and several other smaller projects transformed the community into a major tourist destination. While it has often been said that no workers lost their jobs during the Depression, everyone was affected. In 1933 the passage of the NRA (National Recovery Act) mandated that wages and hours be regulated. Limiting hours resulted in the factory being able to hire additional employees, but individual paychecks shrank to a critical point. This financial hardship was a contributing factor to the factory’s 1937 sit-down strike.
17
18
Milton Hershey School 1915–1945
Saddened because they had no children of their own, and anxious to put their growing fortune to good use, Milton and Catherine Hershey founded the Hershey Industrial School (now Milton Hershey School) for orphaned boys in 1909. The School’s Deed of Trust stipulated that: “All orphans admitted to the School shall be fed with plain, wholesome food; plainly, neatly, and comfortable clothed, without distinctive dress; and fitly lodged. Due regard shall be paid to their health; their physical training shall be attended to, and they shall have suitable and proper exercise and recreation. They shall be instructed in the several branches of a sound education . . . The main object in view is to train young men to useful trades and occupations, so that they can earn their own livelihood.” Inspiring the establishment of the school was Milton Hershey’s own childhood memories of hard times and his hope that he could spare some children the pains he had experienced. In 1918, following his wife’s death in 1915, Milton Hershey gifted the School’s trust fund with his entire fortune, his ownership of the Hershey Chocolate Company, then valued at $60 million. Characteristically, the gift was not made public until 1923.
19
His Living Legacy 1945
When Milton Hershey died on October 13, 1945 at 88 years of age, a chocolate bar had carried his name around the world and made him a legend. Poor boy turned millionaire, he was loved and admired as well as envied and sometimes misunderstood. 20
Hershey had the good fortune to develop the chocolate industry in the right place at the right time. His personal convictions about the obligations of wealth and about the quality of life in the community he founded have made that community his living memorial. 21
22
F
S E I T I ACIL
23
-
“If we had helped a 100 children it would have all been worthwhile.� n H e r s h e y lto i M
Hershey Chocolate Factory
1903 After selling his caramel business in Lancaster, Milton Hershey began construction of the original Hershey Chocolate Factory in 1903 in Derry Church, PA, a town that would later come to be named Hershey after him. 25
Hersheypark
26
1907 From the moment he created his community, Milton S. Hershey planned to build a park to create a more pleasant environment for workers and residents than any typical factory town of the time. On April 24, 1907, Hershey Park opened with a baseball game. 27
1908 When Milton Hershey decided to move his chocolate business to Derry Church, PA, he and Catherine, made plans to build a home. Their new home was named High Point, reflecting its location on a rise above the chocolate factory. 28
High Point Mansion
29
Milton Hershey School
30
1909 Milton Hershey School began as a dream and vision shared by chocolate magnate Milton S. Hershey and his wife, Catherine). The Hersheys decided to use their wealth to create a home and school for orphaned boys as outlined in their Deed of Trust. 31
1932 It was originally supposed to be built in 1916, but WWI caused the project to be delayed. It didn’t actually undergo construction until 1928. It was completed in 1932. It was designed by Lancaster architect C. Emlen Urban, who also designed High Point Mansion. 32
Community Center Building
33
The Hotel Hershey
34
1933 At a time when the nation was gripped in the throes of the Great Depression, Milton S. Hershey undertook the building of a magnificent hotel atop Pat’s Hill overlooking his chocolate factory in Hershey, Pennsylvania. 35
1933 The magnificent Hershey Theatre was conceived by entrepreneur and philanthropist Milton S. Hershey in the early twentieth century. It was built between 1929 and 1933 as part of Mr. Hershey’s “Great Building Campaign” of the Great Depression 36
Hershey Theatre
37
Hersheypark Arena
38
1936 Since 1936, Hersheypark Arena has hosted memorable concerts and family shows. Beginning in 1938 and continuing until their move to Giant Center in 2002, the Hershey Bears called this 7,225 seat arena home for many years. 39
1937 Hershey Gardens opened in 1937 with Milton Hershey’s request to “create a nice garden of roses.” More than 75 years later, the small rose garden has blossomed into 23 acres of botanical beauty providing visitors with unique experiences and enriching opportunities. 40
Hershey Gardens
41
42
S T C U D PRO
43
-
“Caramels are only a fad. Chocolate is permanent.�
44
M
n o t l i
y e h Hers
Hershey’s Chocolate Bar
1900 Milton Hershey began developing his own formula for milk chocolate, which was considered a European luxury. With mass production, Hershey was able to lower the cost and make milk chocolate affordable for all. 45
Hershey’s Kisses
1907 Looking to expand its product line, the company began producing a flat-bottomed, conical milk chocolate candy that Mr. Hershey decided to name Hershey’s Kisses Chocolates. Each was individually hand-wrapped. 46
Mr. Goodbar Candy Bar
1925 Mr. Goodbar Chocolate Bars are the perfect crunchy blend of freshly-roasted peanuts and chocolate candy. Behind each iconic yellow wrapper is the delicious combination of smooth milk chocolate and crunchy peanuts. 47
Hershey’s Syrup
1928 It wasn’t until 1926 that Hershey began manufacturing chocolate syrup. When Hershey’s Syrup was first intoduced, it was marketed to commercial users. In 1928, Hershey created a chocolate syrup for home use. 48
Krackel Bar
1938 With its crisped rice and mouthwatering chocolate, Krackel Chocolate Bar has withstood the ‘taste’ of time. This candy is perfect for packing in lunch boxes or care packages, and sharing with loved ones. 49
Hershey Miniatures
1939 Chocolate lovers will cheer for these classic candies. This assortment of miniature size chocolate bars offers Hershey’s Milk Chocolate, Hershey’s Milk Chocolate, Hershey’s Special Dark Mildly Sweet, Krackel, and Mr. Goodbar. 50
Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups
1963 In 1923, H.B. Reese started his own candy company. Eventually, he hit on the idea of peanut butter covered by milk chocolate. In 1963, Reese’s was purchased by the Hershey Chocolate Corporation. 51
Twizzlers
1977 Y&S Candies Inc. aquired by Hershey Food Corporation. That leads to a brave new world for candy lovers: new flavors and new ways to enjoy Twizzlers candies.
52
Reese’s Pieces
1978 Peanut buttery on the inside, candy on the outside. They’re delicious and fun to eat. It also happens to be the first addition to the Reese’s brand since the originial Peanut Butter Cups that were released in 1923. 53
York Peppermint Pattie
1988 York Peppermint Patties have been providing the uniquely refreshing taste of cool peppermint and smooth dark chocolate since 1940.
54
Reese’s Nutrageous
1994 If candy bars were rock concerts, Reese’s peanut butter center would be this one’s headliner. Reese’s Nutrageous Candy Bar is perfect for satisfying any tongue.
55
Jolly Rancher
1996 In 1949, Bill and Dorothy Harmsen started the Jolly Rancher Candy Company in Golden, Colorado where it was and continues to be known for its untamed and original fruit flavors.
56
Reese’s Sticks
1998 In this Reese’s rendition, we’ve got the delicious chocolate peanut butter taste in the form of a crispy wafery bar.
57
Brookside
2011 Over the years, Brookside developed patented technology to create soft, sweetened fruit flavored centers from classic favorites and unique taste sensations. All to create the ultimate chocolate experience. 58
Lancaster Soft Crèmes
2014 Inspired by Milton Hershey’s original caramel recipe, we craft Lancaster Soft Crèmes by blending high-quality ingredients with care to create a deliciously rich caramel flavor.
59
60
V D A
G N I S ERTI
61
-
“Give them quality. That’s the best kind of advertising.”
M
n o t l i
y e h Hers
Hershey’s Cocoa
1915
63
Hershey’s Syrup
1929
64
Hershey’s Cookbook
1934
65
World War II
1942
66
Hershey’s Kisses
1980
67
Hershey’s Syrup
1985
68
Hershey’s Syrup
1996
69
References
http://www.americainwwii.com/articles/chocolate-the-wars-secret-weapon/ http://www.biography.com/people/milton-hershey-9337133#synopsis http://nowiknow.com/the-wartime-chocolate-bar-you-dontwant-to-eat/ https://www.thehersheycompany.com/en_us/this-is-hershey. html http://blog.hersheyarchives.org/category/hershey-chocolate/ products/ https://storify.com/AAAS119x308/the-history-of-hershey-advertising https://prezi.com/1cfk327l_ame/hersheys-advertising/ https://chocolateclass.wordpress.com/2015/03/24/a-casestudy-in-chocolate-branding-the-hershey-company/ https://www.hersheys.com/en_us/products.html https://www.hersheys.com/en_us/our-story.html