OSSEUS Adaptive Reuse for The Los Angeles River Center for Research and Education
Natalie Kristin Kester | 2017 | Axel Schmitzberger
3
ROOF
“Structure in nature suggests that there must be some fundamental principles and laws, an intrinsic force system, which can form the basis for the design of minimum diversity building systems. Structure innature is a strategy for design.�
Frei Otto: Tensile Forms and Natural Forms Natural Constructions and Forms “Frei Otto used his continuous interdisciplinary work for understanding the way in which forms and natural constructions emerge to resist this false insight that modern architecture’s new-found uniformity could be overcome by ‘form’: ‘The cry for form comes from those who have no idea of the origin and extent of the infinity of forms.’”(1) Form for Architecture not Man Frei Otto once said, “my hope is that light, flexible architecture might bring about a new and open society’”. (2) What Do Forms Dictate? The beginning research of tensile forms and natural forms began with three basic principles: forms originating in natural spheres, pnuematic forms, and structure. Natural spheres can be found in elements in nature, such as leaves and rock forms. Pnuematic forms can be found in elements such as spider webs, bridges, and honeycombs. Structure relates to elements dictated by a set of laws or rules, such as how fabric or soap reacts to metal forms to create tensile forms. natural I adjective 1. existing in or formed by nature (opposed to artificial) a natural bridge. 2. based on the state of things in nature; constituted by nature pneu·mat·ic I adj. 1. Of or pertaining to air or other gases....4. Filled with air, especially compressed air: a pneumatic tire....5. Zoology. Having air cavities, as the bones of certain birds....7. Of or pertaining to pneuma; spiritual. structure I noun 1. the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
Bibliography
(1) Otto, Frei, and Winfried Nerdinger. Frei Otto: Complete Works: Lightweight Construction, Natural Design. Basel: BirkhaÌuser, 2005. 9, 12-13. Print. (2) Otto, Frei, and Berthold Burkhardt. Occupying and Connecting: Thoughts on Territories and Spheres of Influence with Particular Reference to Human Settlement. Stuttgart: Edition Axel Menges, 2009. 30. Print. 5
Forms originate in all natural spheres: Self-formation Processes in inanimate nature, Animate nature, Animal and human technologies, & Self-formation Processes Used by man
Simple Experimental Apparatus to create the Form of Pneumatic Experiments for the Investigation of Optimized Path Systems and Branched Constructions Construction
7
Tensile Study Forms as an Addition - Tensile Roofs “For Frei Otto, lightweight construction does not just mean minimising mass, materials and energy, but always building adaptably, changeably and thus ‘ephemerally’. This attitude is also based on experiences with the ‘Nazis’ whispers of eternity’.”(1) The beginning approach to senior project was the the roof, what form it could take on and what could shape that, as a historical rehabilitation addition. I wanted to see how to create “lightweight buildings, deliberately conceived to be changeable and removed, and that convey no claim to being prestigious or imposing” as an approach towards an historic rehabilitation with a rooftop addition. After considerable research, my interests were consistently drawn to tensile forms created from natural forms, like that which Frei Otto studied. To study this myself, I took different forms and placed fabric over it so that I could see how forms were created through extrusions. Through a series of tests, I was able to study concave forms which nature formed. The obvious difference between the tests was that the forms became more tensile and intricate whenever less surface area was used, while forms became concave when pulling and created convex figures when stretching over existing forms. The roof style proposed and studied breaks the heavy and linear rules of construction which Vernon seems to dictate. Nothing in the city seems light, translucent, or creates movement through form. Everything seems solid and rigid in comparison to the idea of a tensile roof. Looking further than just simply a roof typology, this brought the idea which sparked research into forms which pre-exist in nature and how those could be replicated. By using these replications, one could create a form that could change the dictated narrative which Vernon currently speaks. Looking at a selected site along the Los Angeles River, a piece of architecture that is light and flexible could start to change how Vernon is perceived.
Bibliography
(1) Otto, Frei, and Winfried Nerdinger. Frei Otto: Complete Works: Lightweight Construction, Natural Design. Basel: BirkhaÌuser, 2005. 9, 12-13. Print.
9
11
13
extract
multiply
connect
Site as a Roof Study The project site is along the Los Angeles River corridor, a location, which by 2020, will be developed from Canoga Park to Long Beach. According to the Los Angeles’ Department of Public Works, the goal of the river development is to “maintain the river as a resource that provides flood protection and opportunities for recreational and environmental enhancement, improves the aesthetics of the region, enriches the quality of life for residents, and helps sustain the economy of the region”. The portion of Vernon that stretches along the Los Angeles River happens to be strategically located between the end of the first phase of the Los Angeles River Master Plan and the Maywood Riverfront Park. Looking at this development to come, as an architectural study, my studies began to look at what natural forms were created by the Los Angeles River and how they could dictate a roof form. LOHA’s Watershed Lorcan O’Herlihy Architects (LOHA) designed a system along the Los Angeles River, called WATERshed, which “examines the relationship between urbanization and water use to develop new models of densification that recognize and tap into existing ecological and infrastructural patterns” as a part of the A+D Museum’s ongoing “Shelter: Rethinking How We Live in Los Angeles” exhibition, a housing typology exhibit in Los Angeles. The system was designed to address the California drought, water stress with increasing population, and sustainable growth in Los Angeles. http://www.archdaily.com/773551/lohas-watershed-reimagines-and-reactivates-the-la-river Watershed + Roof The LOHA WATERshed project was important to the my form and roof studies becuase one particular section drawing was of the Los Angeles River watershed itself. I began to take this form and create a series of repetition, create three dimensional shapes, and form what would become the naturally created sphere for my senior project’s roof.
15
Roof as a Conceptual Form Tensile After a series of studies and research, the tensile form was created and formed to replicate the Los Angeles River Watershed. To create this form in physical model, a wire form was created to replicate the original watershed form. After using two types of lines to create the form in 3-D dimensions, the wire created domed shaped figures. To show how a naturally formed roof could be created from this, paper mache was placed onto the wire form to create a draped fabric over the mesh. The result was an ephemeral experience once light and space were incorporated into the the model veiwing experience. Watershed The Los Angeles River watershed, while vague in design, created the perfect linear form for the roof system. It related to the natural elements of the river, created a natural sphere, and it allowed for program to be incorporated into the roof. Habitat Now that the roof form was created, further modeling will have to be done to solidify the design, however, the roof created domes which allowed for the animal program to create habitats. The roof now not only acted as a protective cover and barrier, but as a space which created a habitat for animals. Possibilities to incorporate this included viewing habitats from below the roof, at eye level, and from above as a bio-sphere. The roof began to now dictate how the program would act and how the program would behave. By looking at the linear design, one can begin to see how habitats can be formed and shaped wtihin the space created by the roof.
17
19
conceptual section - habitats
21
SCAPES 23
5611 DISTRICT BLVD - VACANT LOT
5527 DISTRICT BLVD - EXISTING
District Boulevard, Vernon, California 5527 District Blvd. 5611 District Blvd. Existing 1942 Meat Packing Warehouse 0.40 Acres 2.43 Acres Existing Parking: 20 Spaces Proposed Parking: 30 Spaces Existing Building: 16,186 SF Proposed Building: 30,038 SF Zoning: VEM Zoning: VEM FAR: 1:1 FAR: 3.5:1 *EXISTING PER PHOTOS: RESTROOMS MEAT LOCKERS PER SEX (5 EACH INSIDE), NO UNISEX OFFICE SPACE 4-5 OFFICE SPACES COLUMNS OFFSET 15’
Codes Applicable: 8-603.5 TOILET ROOMS: IN LIEU OF SEPARATE-GENDER TOILET FACILITIES AS REQUIRED IN THE REG CODE, UNISEX ACCESSIBLE 8-603.2 ENTRY: ENTRANCES MAY NOT BE MORE THAN 200 FT APART 8-603.4 POWER ASS. DOORS: POWER ASSISTED-DOORS ALLOWED 8-502.3 STAIRS: EXISTIG ALLOWED IF NOT HAZARDOUS 8-502.4 MAIN ENTRY: DOORS MUST SWING DIRECTION OF EXIT 8-502.5,6: FIRE ESCAPES 8-902.1: MECHANICAL SYSTEMS UP TO CODE, UNLESS EXIS. 8-902.7 DUCTS: MUST BE UP TO CONTINUE, UNLESS EXIS. 8-704: NEW ADDITIONS MUST BE UP TO CODE IF STRUCTURAL ONLY 8-302.2 OCCUPANCY: CHANGE IN OCCUPANCY OK IF IT DOES NOT REQUIRED CODE COMPLIANCE 98-302.4 MAX FLOOR AREA: SF + HEIGHT MUST REMAIN SAME, ONE LEVEL CANNOT EXCEED 15,000 SF Adjacencies: Los Angeles River Matheson Tri Gas Company Maywood Park 710 Freeway 25
10 am
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
12 pm
2 pm
Building + Program I Site Selection CHECKLIST FOR PLANNING AN ANIMAL SHELTER: SITE SELECTION: PROXIMITY TO HOUSING CAN IS BE REACH BY PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION? WATER/DRAINAGE/ELECTRICIT BE CONNECTED? ALLOW FOR FUTURE EXPANSION? LOCAL BUILDING/PLANNING REGULATION CHECK CHECK LOCAL POPULATION ? BUILDING MATERIALS: ALL INTERNAL SURFACES ARE SMOOTH, DURABLE, AND IMPERVIOUS KENNEL AND EXERCISE AREA SHOULD NOT ALLOW FOR POOLING OF LIQUIDS VENTILATION BE PROVIDED IN ALL AREAS WITHOUT DRAUGHTS LIGHT MUST BE PROVIDED (NATURAL WHERE POSSIBLE) IN EXERCISE AND SLEEPING AREAS FACILITIES: ARE PROVISIONS MADE FOR ISOLATION FACILITIES (ONE PER 10-15 KENNELS) SEPARATE FACILITIES FOR PREPARATION AND STORAGE OF FOOD (WITH REFRIDGERATION) HVAC, ODOR & NOISE CONTROL HVAC 72-78 degrees , 20-60% humidity, air velocity 10-50 ft per min Public Areas 6-8 changes per hour I Animal Care 10 air changes, 110% air I Vet Care 6-8 changes per hour I Surgery 110% exhust, 95% filter Run Environment Radiant Heat Flooring - Allows for cleaner environment Odor Control Avoid Dirty & Damp - Divide into Mechanical Zones I Units per zones I Exhaust Fans- High-volume exhaust 27
BL VD HE
LI OT
RO P
E
ATLANTIC BLVD
1
CT
RI
ST
DI VD BL
2
LEGEND PARKING F.O.H. ACCESS B.O.H. ACCESS
1/32” = 1’
SLAUSON AVE
LOS A
NGE LES
65 dB
E
5
RIVE R 1
B LV D
2
N
D
H E L IO TR O P E
D
71 0
R
FR
EE W AY
IS D T IC
TR D LV B
E
2 D
N
2
5 65 dB
L P
1
EXISTING 1942 WAREHOUSE 16, 186 SF LOT: 0.40 ACRES PARKING: 20 SPACES ZONING: VEM FAR: 1.0 DOGS: 24 - 48 CATS: 92
2
29
OPEN LOT PROPOSED: 30,038 SF LOT: 2.43 ACRES PARKING: 30 SPACES ZONING: VEM FAR: 3.5 DOGS: 92 - 184 CATS: 235
scale 1/64” = 1’-0”
LOS A
NGE
65 dB
E 5
D
2
LES
LV
N
B
D P
E
D
TR O
R
RIVE R
FR
EE W AY
IS D
H E L
IO
a.r.c.
71 0
T
IC TR LV B D
E D
N
2
5 65 dB
L P
site
5527 District Blvd., Vernon, CA
5527 District Boulevard Lots The selected sites are both located along District Boulevard between Atlantic Boulevard and Slauson Avenue, which are accessible from the other side of the Los Angeles River via bridges. The sites are located on the eastern strip of Vernon next to the gas company Matheson. The existing warehouse was built in 1942 and was original a meat packing warehouse, however, it is used for various machinery and sowing industries now. The open lot is 2.43 acres of land that once held multiple warehouses until Matheson had the land flattened around 2003. The land now only exists to service a driveway to access Matheson from District Blvd. and provide a driveway to 5527 District Blvd.’s back of house access. Both sites are along the Los Angeles River in a relatively calm area which reaches around 60-65 dB in noise pollution. Site Selection After the first review about the site, I settled on the 5527 District Blvd. site with the pre-existing warehouse due to animal rehabilitation center calling for less square footage to allow for a closer focus on the animals being housed. Site considerations now for design involved considered noise levels (despite being in an industrial zone) and public access. The one problem with the site is that the back of house access is only accessible via Matheson Tri Gas’s driveway, next to the site, a result of the 1:1 FAR, which meant that most of the site consisted of building, not land. Location Oppurtunities The site provided a unique oppurtunity because it is located on the outskirts of Vernon, along the Los Angeles River, and near the 710 freeway. This meant that it would be more accesible by the public, would incur less traffic from trucks, and did not have a strong odor from the slaughthouses. The location was also next to a large empty lot, which could allow for future expansion of the program one day.
31
PROGRAM 33
VERNON
LOS ANGELES ANIMAL SHELTER RADIUS MAP 1 MILE RADIUS
2 MILE RADIUS
1 mile South Bay Pet Adoption Center
la county animal shelter
north central animal shelter
PROPOSED SITE(S)
Phase I - Animal Rehabilitation Center - A.R.C. The City of Vernon animal services are provided by the SEAACA, which is in the city of Downey. Response times for animal services can range from 1-3 hours, depending on the proximity of animal control. The closest animal shelters are the Westside German Shepherd Rescue , South Los Angeles Animal Shelter, and Los Angeles County Animal Shelter, which are all located along the 110 and 105 freeways, miles away from Vernon. Per the SEAACA, 7157 dogs and 8192 cats were brought in over the past year. Out of those animals, 4990 dogs and 1204 cats were adopted, and 2487 dogs and 6852 cats were euthanized. The city of Vernon employs many people with disabilities and according to U.S. Census data, 19.1% of people with disabilities live in East Los Angeles. With these statistics from both the census and SEAACA, it provides a necessity for an animal shelter which rehabilitates animals into service and therapy animals to serve the public, rather than euthanize animals. Program The program includes six main categories from back of house to front of house: storage and intake, medical and quarantine, animal care and training, administration, kennels, and reception. Within these categories are specific program including staff offices and facilities, specific animal kennels, spaces for the public, training spaces, and spaces for animal needs such as grooming, food, and supply storage. The animal requirements dictate the square footage of the program, per dog is 100 square feet and per cat is 70 square feet. This square footage includes the necessary space for all the program needed for an animal shelter. Realistically, a dog only need 28 square feet and a cat only needs 9 square feet. The program is laid out so that the kennels surround a training “core� which represents an open space, similar to that of the Hakka culture. The idea of the shelter is to not be a shelter rehabilitation center of kennels, but of open, natural space.
35
STORAGE & INTAKE MEDICAL & QUARANTINE ANIMAL CARE & TRAINING ADMINISTRATION KENNELS
70SF
100SF
RECEPTION *SF PER ANIMAL REQUIRED
LAUNDRY STAFF ROOM
GREEN SPACE
STAFF OFFICE
FOOD
STAFF BREAK ROOM
GROOM
OFFICE
ANIMAL TRAINING - DOGS
CAT x10
THERAPY ROOM - CATS
SMALL DOG x10
VET EXAM ROOM
LARGE DOG x10
QUARANTINE
LOBBY/PUBLIC
INTAKE
RECEP.
STORAGE
0 SF
50 SF
100 SF 150 SF 200 SF 250 SF 500 SF 1000 SF 0 SF 50 SF 100 SF 150 SF 200 SF 250 SF 500 SF 1000 SF *SQUARE FOOTAGE REQUIRED AT A MINIMUM (EXCLUDING REHAB SPACES) FOR 10 CATS & 20 DOGS APPROX. 2,700 SF
Phase 2 - Animal Rehabilitation Center - A.R.C. At this point in the project, I settled on the 1942 meat packing warehouse at 5527 District Blvd. in Vernon, California as the site for the project. I began to investiagte light, open space, and the definition of barriers within the project as an appraoch to animals and the experience. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”
• • •
Program re·ha·bil·i·ta·tion Noun the action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness. the action of restoring someone to former privileges or reputation after a period of disfavor. the action of restoring something that has been damaged to its former condition.
What limits the definition of rehabilitation? In buildings, it means returning it to its former glory, a period of significance. With animals, you rarely hear that word, you normally hear the term “second chance” or “forever home”. What it comes down to is seeing the broken and being able to see how with a little love and work, it could be great again. Most people assume a new building is the best or that a new puppy is the best, they don’t want something used or old. This usually results in the termination of animals who have been traded for something better, and the development of more new than restoring the old. But what if, for just a moment, we could change that? For all of the pets that don’t have homes, who have been left in cages as their owners traded them for a younger animal, and all of the people who have also been tossed aside by society, could be given a second chance. What if we took a building and rehabilitated it for a new purpose? What if we took those animals who were rejected and rehabilitated them for therapy and service? What if we gave those with disabilities the chance of hope and companionship?
37
case study 01 - cage free
Bjarke Ingels Group - “Zootopia” - Denmark
Program Case Study Research #1 Zootopia In Denmark, the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) designed a zoo in Givskud, Denmark to create s”pace with ‘the best possible and freest possible environment for the animals’ lives and relationships with each other and visitors.’” The design took over two years and is embodied by one characteristic, the integration of nature and natural elements. The architectural concept is to hide buildings within the landscape and integrate them in order to create a “building-landscape”. This allows for visitors to access and view the differet areas within the zoo from the central element. All of the areas, which are designed to be representative of Africa, Asia, and America) within the zoo are connected by a 4 kilometer hiking trail. http://www.archdaily.com/532248/big-unveils-design-for-zootopia-in-denmark This case study was important to this senior project because it reevaluated how people interact with animals and their habitats. Rather than humans looking at cages, Zootopia re-intepreted this by placing humans and animals equally, rather than one being placed within a barrier. This also influenced how animals and their habitats can be frame through architecture for an experienced. This case study became essential in my reinterpretation of habitats.
39
case study 02 - framing the environment
Bernard Tschumi Urbanists Architects/Veronique Descharrieres - Paris Zoological Park - France
Program Case Study Research #2 Paris Zoological Park In 2014, Bernard Tschumi and Veronique Descharrieres designed the Paris Zoological Park at 53 Avenue de Saint-Maurice, 75012 Paris, France. “From the architect. Cinema and theater: the reference to mise en scène is everywhere in the design of the new landscaped spaces. Five “biozones” succeed one another along a four-kilometer tracking shot, starting with Patagonia, then on to the Sudanese Sahel, Europe, Guyana and Madagascar.” The Zoological Park is successful due to its usage of the foreground and background to guide the visiting eye in how it approaches the composition and framing of the zoo habitats. The visual framing enlarges the dimensions so that the space between humans and animals is broken down. Another successful product of this project is it created of a fourth dimension, time. Time affects the perception of the zoo between seasons and years. Eventually the byproduct is a fifth dimension, the imagination. While the zoo creates its own composition and framing, the imagination itself begins to create a mental landscape and composition. http://www.archdaily.com/550663/paris-zoological-park-atelier-jacqueline-osty-and-associes This case study was important to the understanding of the program because it began to form how space affects habitats and visual experience. As I began to approach how habitats were percieved, it began to influence how the design and roof form could influence multiple dimensions and how the roof could create a composition and frame different habitats. The habitats for the program needed to be more than simply human, glass, then animal. The habitats need to frame time, space, animal, and create a experience for humans. This case study taught me how to incoporate composition into the architecture of senior project.
41
roof study 01 - tensile roof + space
The Serpentine Sackler Gallery / Zaha Hadid Architects
Program Roof Case Study Research #1 The Serpentine Sackler Gallery Zaha Hadid designed the Serpentine Sackler Gallery in 2013 in London, England. The space is covered by a roof which has draped cloth over a restraunt and social space. The structure is made of tensile glass-fiber woven textile, similar to that of the Munich 1972 Olympic Stadium by Frei Otto. The member itself is composed of five interior columns, a perimeter ring beam, a loadbearing structure, and touches the ground at three points. The interior columns also perform as light wells for the interior space. The floor and roof are connected by a framless, curved glass wall. http://www.arcspace.com/features/zaha-hadid-architects/serpentine-sackler-gallery/ This case study was the beginning of the research for tensile roof structures after discovering Frei Otto’s studies on tensile forms. This also sparked my interest in lightwells and as roof forms as more than simply coverage, but rather as a form to create space. This case study began research into understanding light, space, and barriers, and how they could create an experience rather than space where people pass through. There is beauty in space, and it is orderly. There is no weather, and there is regularity. It is predictable. Just look at our little Explorer; you can set your clock by it — literally; it is more accurate than your clock. Everything in space obeys the laws of physics. If you know these laws, and obey them, space will treat you kindly. — Wernher von Braun, quoted in ‘Space: Reach for the Stars’, Time magazine, 17 February 1958 Space is to place as eternity is to time. — Joseph Joubert Every cubic inch of space is a miracle. — Walt Whitman
43
roof study 02 - lightwells
Lightwell House / Emergent Design Studios
Program Roof Case Study Research #2 Lightwell House In 2016, Emergent Design Studios altered a house in London to create various lightwells which both open and brighten the space up. The surrounding heritage’s context historically constrains this house, resulting in a narrow proportion and limited death. The house was designed with new contemporary openings, which are enhanced by the connecting lightwells. The result is an extremel well lit house which even has light in the basement. http://www.archdaily.com/793288/lightwell-house-emergent-design-studios This case study was interesting to because the existing warehouse was anything but well lit or open. The contemporary moves on the home took a place that would originally be dark and filled with artificial light, and converted it into an open and welcoming environment which did not require artificial lighting. This incorporated into research on tensile roofs and creating lightwells to create habitats., how a design like this could be incorporated into a design by someone such as Frei Otto or Zaha Hadid; the principles of light, space, and barriers. “If there be light, then there is darkness; if cold, heat; if height, depth; if solid, fluid; if hard, soft; if rough, smooth; if calm, tempest; if prosperity, adversity; if life, death.� - Pythagoras
45
STORAGE & INTAKE MEDICAL & QUARANTINE ANIMAL CARE & TRAINING ADMINISTRATION KENNELS
70SF
100SF
RECEPTION *SF PER ANIMAL REQUIRED
staff bathroom
laundry
staff lockers
green space
staff office
food
staff break room
grooming
office
dog training
cats
cat therapy
small dogs
vet exam room
large dogs
quarantine
reception/lobby + restrooms
intake
meet your pet rooms
storage + mechanical
0 SF
50 SF
100 SF
program
200 SF 300 SF 500 SF 1000 SF 2000 SF
square footage
0 SF
50 SF
100 SF
200SF
300 SF 500 SF 1000 SF 2000 SF
Animal Rehabilitation Center Project Status At this point, the program was set in place with square footage, site selection, and program description. Located in an industrial zone, I had selected the pre-existing warehouse as a center to take shelter animals and convert them to sustainable and contributing members of society for people with needs. At the presentation of this project, I began to develop how a roof form could be incorporated into the cat habitat and how to keep the pre-existing trusses in the building. I also began to see how statistics and human experiences could shape this to be a successful project, as a need by society, rather than simply a “do good project”. The program was divided into five zones: back of house, cat, dog, public, and administration. Each zone laid out in a perfect grid which could later easily facilitate the mechanical needs an animal facility requires for the best environment. The roof component was to be incorporated into the “cat zone” and be the core of the project. It was during this presentation which it became evident, the program was too close to heart and it would be mistaken as a shelter instead of a rehabilitation center. The project’s program was conflicting, and the architecture lacking. The design had no actual representation or experience, which this warehouse desperately needed.
47
existing 1942 meat packing warehouse 16, 186 SF lot: 0.40 acres parking: 20 spaces zoning: vem far: 1.0:1
industrial site roads
program
zoning + site
Social and Architectural Impacts Rehabilitation They always say that there is light at the end of the tunnel, or that there is always light after the darkness. Exploring light and its effect on space and psychological effects included studying light wells and roof forms, as well as the elements which connected them to convey this feeling of hope and a new oppurtunity for inhabitants. In order to remove stigmas and barriers, this meant removing the jail cell mentality, and creating an open space which mirrored that of natural habitats. Research on this included how lightwells could take a dark, undesirable space, such as the shell of this existing warehouse, and convert it into a desirable, open space which created a natural environment instead of caged, similar to that of Denmark’s Zootopia. Through this, architecture was investigated to see how tensile forms could create both lightwells, and spaces for animals, in this case, the cat haven. Instead of housing the animals in kennels, Ithe idea a of housing them in open, natural spaces was explored in to create a stress-free environment for animals who otherwise would have been euthanized. The objective was to rehabilitate not only the animals, but the warehouse, to explore light, open space, and the definition of barriers. Light and Impacts This is more than simply a rehabilitation of a building for an animal shelter, this is the rehabilitation of perspective and giving purpose to that which has been rejected; to give purpose to the good which some people have been able to see all along, while others have not. This projects studies the effects which lighting and space can have on both animals and people.
49
=
+
program massing
intake
process
process
rehabilitate rehabilitate
assess
evluate care
assess
forever homes
inquire
program
forever homes
PEOPLE CIRCULATION
circulation
ANIMAL CIRCULATION
51
traditional shelter
reinvent shelter
program
changing space’s definition
the a.r.c.
Application of Zoo Case Studies to Program Barriers Design began to play with how barriers played a role in animal habitats. The simple diagrams show how space can be reinterpreted to alter the experience. Cats & Man Cats in animal centers normally are within a 3’ x 3’ cage which can be veiwed at eye level or from above. The concept of intergrating the tensile form/roof is drawn to show how cages would be eliminated to create a more natural space and incorporae light. Re-defining Barriers Barriers are normally perceived to enclose the animal. In some reinterpretations of that, the experience is with the human enclosed and the animal roaming free. The diagram shown is to show how this can be redeveloped into an experience, like the Denmark Zootopia, to create a natural environment where barriers do not exist, where both roam freely rather than boxed in.
53
exhibits cafe roof green space gift shop
administration
research
ER/trauma
intake mech.
lobby restrooms education habitats
F.O.H.
storage quarantine
B.O.H.
8,000 sf 4,000 sf 2,000 sf 1,500 sf 1,000 sf 750 sf 500 sf 250 sf
20 parking spaces I VEM I 0.40 acres I 17,650 sf I 1942 warehouse I FAR 1:1
Los Angeles River Center program
Phase III Los Angeles River Center By 2020, the Los Angeles River will be developed from Canoga Park to Los Angeles, incorporating river parks, riparian ecosystems, public transportation, and the development of the waterfront. With this development, the city of Vernon lies directly between the end of the first phase of the Los Angeles River Master Plan and the Maywood Riverfront Park. This makes it a viable location to place an ecological center for research, rehabilitation, and education accessible to the public, similar to the Cabrillo Beach Aquarium in the South Bay. Driving the design is the Los Angeles watershed below the Los Angeles River. This geographic section creates a form which is then repeated and create habitats for a variety of riparian ecosystem creatures such as the coyote, steelhead trout, and various birds. The 8,000 SF space is shaped by a roofing system that the watershed forms create, with interactive orb/domes which drop into the walking space for visitors to view. This allows for a view from below and eye level. At this view, is also a look into the ER/trauma, research, and science/medical wing which the east side of the warehouse houses. The front of house one both the ground and second level house exhibit and public spaces for guests to interact. On the second level, there is a cafe, which can be enjoyed on the green roof patio, as well as a biodome which is an extension of the habitats seen from below. Due to the roof extending as a form which the ecosystem’s inhabitants cannot escape, the public can interact with the habitats from above, as well as native plants. One can enjoy a nice coffee with a garden stroll with butterflies due to this space.
55
public staff 57
DN
L K M
intake & storage research quarantine ER/Medical mechanical administration lobby restrooms educations habitats exhibits cafe roof green space gift shop
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
mezzanine plan scale 1/16” = 1’-0”
H N
G
J
C
I
D
D
B
F
E
B
intake & storage research quarantine ER/Medical mechanical administration lobby restrooms educations habitats exhibits cafe roof green space gift shop
A
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
ground plan scale 1/16” = 1’-0”
59
SYSTEMS 61
NEW EXISTING UP
W
UP
M
EXISTING NEW
(N) LA RIVER HABITAT ROOM 8074 S.F.
STORAGE, MECH., QUARANTINE 809 S.F.
MALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F.
GROUND LEVEL 1/16" = 1'-0"
FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F.
ENTRY EXHIBIT SPACE 900 S.F.
MEDICAL ROOM & LAB 849 S.F.
RESEARCH OFFICES 380 S.F.
FRONT OFFICE 282 S.F. STAFF OFFICES 454 S.F.
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 1050 S.F.
CAFE 200 S.F.
ROOFTOP DINING & EXHIBIT SPACE 1990 S.F. DN
MEZZANINE LEVEL 1/16" = 1'-0"
63
(N) A/C MECH.
(N) A/C MECH.
(N) AIR VENT FROM ABOVE IN EACH RESEARCH ROOM
(N) AC VENT
(N) RETURN VENT
SECTION B - MECHANICAL
B
1/16" = 1'-0"
DN
B
ROOF TOP MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOLAR PANELS
MECHANICAL PLAN
1/32" = 1'-0"
(N) SOLAR PANELS
DN
A
A
6'-0" O.C. BRACING
34'-7 3/4"
69'-3 1/2"
34'-7 3/4"
115'-6 1/4"
2'-0" O.C. JOISTS
117'-5 1/2"
ROOF ADDITION STRUCTURAL PLAN
ROOF ADDITION STRUCTURAL SECTION A 1/16" = 1'-0"
65
12'-1"
15'-1"
10'-0"
13'-6"
1/16" = 1'-0"
DAYLIGHT DIAGRAM - ROOF ADDITION
67
SCHEMATIC 69
18'-8"
115'-8"
UP
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
T BLVD.
CHILDREN'S BUTTERFLY DOME
69'-3 3/4"
BOH PARKING
PUBLIC PARKING
ELEV MECH.
(N) LA RIVER HABITAT ROOM 8074 S.F.
ENTRY EXHIBIT SPACE 900 S.F.
TOUCHPOOLS
DISTRIC
UP
UP
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
EXISTING
NEW
RIVERFRONT HABITAT
MEDICAL ROOM & LAB 849 S.F.
21'-7 1/2"
STORAGE, MECH., QUARANTINE 809 S.F.
MALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
RESEARCH OFFICES 380 S.F.
FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
FRONT OFFICE 282 S.F.
UP
STAFF OFFICES 454 S.F. 39'-4"
17'-6 3/4"
GROUND LEVEL 1/8" = 1'-0"
PROGRAM RESEARCH/OFFICE AQUATIC HABITAT RIVERFRONT HABITAT EXHIBIT SPACE CAFE/DINING SPACE BACK OF HOUSE BATHROOMS
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
GROUND LEVEL SQUARE FOOTAGE:
THE GROUND LEVEL PROGRAM IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PORTIONS: EXHIBIT, ENTRY, AND RESEARCH. THE EXISTING WAREHOUSE HAS UNDERGONE SOME INTERIOR WALL ADDITIONS, WHILE THE MAJORITY OF THE MAIN WAREHOUSE SPACE HAS BEEN CONVERTED SO THAT A ROOF ADDITION HAS CREATED AN EXHIBIT SPACE WITH VARIOUS INTERACTIVE ANIMAL EXHIBITS FROM THE LOS ANGELES RIVER. THIS INCLUDES A TOUCHPOOL FOR CHILDREN, TWO AQUATIC HABITATS (OR AQUARIUMS), A RIVERFRONT HABITAT, AND A CHILDREN’S BUTTERFLY DOME (THAT ALLOWS THEM TO INTERACT AND ENTER THE EXHIBIT FROM BELOW). VISITORS CAN ALSO VIEW THE MEDICAL LABS FROM THIS EXHIBIT SPACE THROUGH A LARGE WINDOW.
RESEARCH/ OFFICE
1965 SF
HABITAT SPACES
600 SF
EXHIBIT SPACE
8974 SF
ALL BACK OF HOUSE ENTRY IS ACCESSIBLE FROM A LARGE ROLLING DOOR AND A BACK ENTRY DOOR FOR ALL STAFF, ALONG WITH STAFF PARKING OUTSIDE THE BACK OF THE BUILDING (ALL OF WHICH ARE ACCESSIBLE USING THE SHARED DRIVEWAY FROM MATHESON TRI-GAS. ALL PUBLIC ACCESS PARKING IS ACCESSIBLE USING THE EXISTING PARKING SPACES OUT FRONT, ALONG WITH OPEN PARKING SPACE AND STREET PARKING ALONG DISTRICT BLVD.
BACK OF HOUSE
809 SF
BATHROOMS
820 SF
9'-8 1/4"
18'-8"
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 484 S.F.
CAFE 681 S.F.
97'-8 1/2"
ACCESS TO (N) ROOFTOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT 4446 S.F.
ROOFTOP DINING 1364 SF
26'-11 1/4"
ROOF TOP MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOLAR PANELS M DN
W
12'-10"
30'-6"
9'-3"
MEZZANINE LEVEL 1/8" = 1'-0"
PROGRAM RESEARCH/OFFICE AQUATIC HABITAT RIVERFRONT HABITAT
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
MEZZ LEVEL SQUARE FOOTAGE:
THE MEZZANINE LEVEL PROGRAM INCLUDES A ROOF TOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT, A CAFE, EXHIBIT SPACE, BATHROOMS, AND ROOFTOP DINING. ACCESS TO THE MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT IS ALSO ON THE MEZZANINE LEVEL. THROUGH AN ACCESS DOOR IN THE CAFE, VISITORS CAN WALK ONTO THE WILDFLOWER ROOF HABITAT AND SEE THE HABITATS OF THE LOS ANGELES RIVER FROM ABOVE. THIS ACCESS ALSO ALLOWS FOR EMPLOYEES TO DO MAINTENANCE ON THE ROOF, HABITATS, AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT.
WILDFLOWER HABITAT
7000 SF
EXHIBIT SPACE
484 SF
CAFE/DINING SPACE
2045 SF
EXHIBIT SPACE
BACK OF HOUSE
3172.5 SF
CAFE/DINING SPACE
BATHROOMS
800 SF
BACK OF HOUSE BATHROOMS
71
25'-0"
20'-0"
20'-0"
(N) HABITAT COVER W/HEBMETALMESH HM1267 0.03 LB PER FT2 = 0.27 LB/FT2 LOAD
3'-0" O.C.
10'-0" MIN. CLEARANCE
2'-0" O.C. 2' DEEP I-BEAM C BEAM
25'-0"
25'-6"
(N) HABITAT COVER W/HEBMETALMESH HM1267 0.03 LB PER FT2 = 0.48 LB/FT2 LOAD
(N) AQUATIC HABITAT 16'-0" DIAMETER
(N) AQUATIC HABITAT 9'-0" DIAMETER
117'-5"
SECTION A - WEST HABITAT 1/8" = 1'-0"
47'-5" 2'-0" O.C. 2' DEEP I-BEAM C-BEAM
10'-0" MIN. CLEARANCE
44'-11 3/4"
25'-0"
(N) HABITAT COVER W/HEBMETALMESH HM1250 0.04 LB PER FT2 = 0.88 LB/FT2 LOAD
(N) RIVERFRONT HABITAT 22'-0" DIAMETER
117'-5"
SECTION B - EAST HABITAT 1/8" = 1'-0"
EMERGENCY EGRESS PUBLIC EGRESS PUBLIC CIRCULATION
W
M
STAFF CIRCULATION
W
EN
G N
IT
SI X
E
ND
T PO
FO
O
R
CA EC SS 44 T 64 ( O F.S . )N
ND
MEZZ LEVEL
GROUND LEVEL UP
UP UP
73
DETAILS 75
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H 18'-8"
115'-8"
NEW
EXISTING
A UP
69'-3 3/4"
CHILDREN'S BUTTERFLY DOME
ENTRY EXHIBIT SPACE 900 S.F.
TOUCHPOOLS
D
BLVD.
BOH PARKING
PUBLIC PARKING
ELEV MECH.
(N) LA RIVER HABITAT EXHIBIT 8074 S.F.
C
T DISTRIC
UP
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
B
RIVERFRONT HABITAT
E
21'-7 1/2"
STORAGE, MECH., QUARANTINE 809 S.F.
MEDICAL ROOM & LAB 849 S.F. MALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
RESEARCH OFFICES 380 S.F.
FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
FRONT OFFICE 282 S.F.
UP
STAFF OFFICES 454 S.F. 39'-4"
17'-6 3/4"
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1/16" = 1'-0"
WEST ELEVATION 1/16" = 1'-0"
SOUTH ELEVATION
16'-0"
EAST ELEVATION
KEY
21'-8"
KEY
3/32" = 1'-0"
1/16" = 1'-0"
NORTH ELEVATION 1/16" = 1'-0"
KEY WALL SECTION 1/4" = 1'-0"
SECTION 1 1/8" = 1'-0"
18'-8"
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 484 S.F.
ROOF TOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT 4446 S.F. CAFE 681 S.F.
ROOFTOP DINING 1364 SF
ROOF TOP 26'-11 1/4"
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT
M DN
AND SOLAR PANELS
W
12'-10"
30'-6"
9'-3"
MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN
KEY
16'-0"
21'-8"
KEY
3/32" = 1'-0"
SECTION 2 1/8" = 1'-0"
NATALIE KRISTIN KESTER
77
REVIEW 79
s lo s le ge an riv er
maywood parks & rec
maywood riverfront park
5527 DISTRICT BLVD. VERNON, CA 1/128" = 1'-0"
18'-8"
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 484 S.F.
ROOF TOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT 4446 S.F. CAFE 681 S.F.
ROOFTOP DINING 1364 SF
ROOF TOP MECHANICAL
M
26'-11 1/4"
EQUIPMENT
DN
AND SOLAR PANELS
W
12'-10"
30'-6"
9'-3"
MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN 3/32" = 1'-0"
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H 18'-8"
115'-8"
NEW
EXISTING
A UP
B
CHILDREN'S BUTTERFLY DOME
69'-3 3/4"
D
T BLVD.
BOH PARKING
PUBLIC PARKING
ELEV MECH.
(N) LA RIVER HABITAT EXHIBIT 8074 S.F.
C
ENTRY EXHIBIT SPACE 900 S.F.
TOUCHPOOLS RIVERFRONT HABITAT
E
21'-7 1/2"
STORAGE, MECH., QUARANTINE 809 S.F.
RESEARCH OFFICES 380 S.F.
MEDICAL ROOM & LAB 849 S.F. MALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
FRONT OFFICE 282 S.F.
UP
STAFF OFFICES 454 S.F. 17'-6 3/4"
39'-4"
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 3/32" = 1'-0"
81
DISTRIC
UP
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
AQUATIC RIVER HABITAT
KEY KEY
EAST ELEVATION 1/16" = 1'-0"
WEST ELEVATION 1/16" = 1'-0"
SOUTH ELEVATION 1/16" = 1'-0"
NORTH ELEVATION
1/16" = 1'-0"
18'-8"
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 484 S.F.
ROOF TOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT 4446 S.F.
CIRCULATION PRIMARY CIRCULATION EMERGENCY CIRCULATION
PROGRAM RESEARCH/MEDICAL WING AQUATIC HABITAT RIVERFRONT HABITAT CAFE/DINING/EXHIBIT SPACE BACK OF HOUSE RESTROOMS
MEZZ LEVEL SQUARE FOOTAGE: WILDFLOWER HABITAT
7000 SF
EXHIBIT SPACE
484 SF
CAFE/DINING SPACE
2045 SF
BACK OF HOUSE
3172.5 SF
BATHROOMS
800 SF
WILDFLOWER ROOF
GROUND LEVEL SQUARE FOOTAGE: RESEARCH/ OFFICE
1965 SF
HABITAT SPACES
600 SF
EXHIBIT SPACE
8974 SF
BACK OF HOUSE
809 SF
BATHROOMS
820 SF
AXONOMETRIC PROGRAM & CIRCULATION DIAGRAM 1/16” = 1’-0”
83
KEY KEY
SECTION
16'-0"
21'-8"
1/8" = 1'-0"
SECTION 1/8" = 1'-0"
CUSTOM ACRYLIC HABITATS (TANKS)
METSAWOOD BIRCH PLY KINGSIZE
STEEL BEAMS
EXISTING BRICK STRUCTURE
BIRD AVIARY NETTING FOR SMALL BIRD
Details: 9’-0”, 16’-0”, and 22’-0” diameters
Details: Panel Size: 44.94’ x 9’ max Nominal Thickness 1.18 in Numbers of Plis: 21 Thickness Tolerance: 1.09” - 1.2” Weight: 4.18 lb/ft2
Details: 2’-0” depth, 15’-0” grids
Details: part of the existing warehouse structure
Recommended specifications : Stainless steel rope mesh HM1225; Details: Stainless steel wire rope: 3/64″ (1.2 mm); Mesh opening size: 1″ x 1″ (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm);
32'-0"
16'-0"
21'-8"
MATERIALS
KEY SECTION
SCALES VARY
1/2" = 1'-0"
85
OSSEUS 87
N
400feet
Ossues The Los Angeles River Warehouse Adaptive Reuse “The river itself portrays humanity precisely, with its tortuous windings, its accumulation of driftwood, its unsuspected depths, and its crystalline shallows, singing in the Summer sun. Barriers may be built across its path, but they bring only power, as the conquering of an obstacle is always sure to do. Sometimes when the rocks and stoneclad hills loom large ahead, and eternity itself would be needed to carve a passage, there is an easy way around.” - Myrtle Reed, Old Rose and Silver A skeleton, osseus, as “an internal or external framework of bone, cartilage, or other rigid material supporting or containing the body of an animal or plant” is translated into a new roof to an existing warehouse in Vernon to contain various animal and plant habitats in a large 8,000 square foot space1. The roof is designed to combine both the river’s winding power and path of water and humanity’s precision. The architecture of an adaptive reuse of a warehouse’s roof consists of three layers: the skin, the skeleton, and the body. The skin is the roof habitat which houses a walkable roof with wildflowers natural to the Los Angeles riverfront. The skeleton, reflective of humanity’s precision, is the rigid wooden frame forming an internal exoskeleton, being the roof itself. This frame, representative of the river’s path, is based of a series of curves originating from the Los Angeles watershed, which was altered to facilitate pedestrian movement and large habitats. The body is made of three large habitats, two aquatic and one riparian, in the main exhibit space. Osseus is the combination of both humanity’s rigidity and nature’s unpredictability through the creation of a space that can be experienced from above, below, and within a skeleton. 1. “Skeleton - Definition Of Skeleton In English | Oxford Dictionaries”. 2017. Oxford Dictionaries | English. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/skeleton.5 May 2017.
89
N 18'-8" 1'-0" OFFSET 12/3 SLOPE
4'-0 1/2"
DN
EXHIBIT SPACE 484 S.F.
CAFE 681 S.F. ACCESS TO (N) ROOFTOP WILDFLOWER HABITAT 4446 S.F.
ROOFTOP DINING 1364 SF
M
26'-11 1/4"
ROOF TOP MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOLAR PANELS
DN
W
12'-10"
30'-6"
MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN 1/8" = 1'-0"
A
B
C
D
E
115'-8"
F
G
H
18'-8" 3'-5 1/2"
A
ELEV MECH.
UP
UP
B
9'-3"
M
26'-11 1/4"
ROOF TOP MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND SOLAR PANELS
DN
W
12'-10"
30'-6"
9'-3"
MEZZANINE FLOOR PLAN 1/8" = 1'-0"
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
18'-8"
115'-8"
3'-5 1/2" A
ELEV MECH.
UP
UP
B
PUBLIC PARKING C
69'-3 3/4"
(N) LA RIVER HABITAT ROOM 8074 S.F.
BOH PARKING
ENTRY EXHIBIT SPACE 900 S.F.
D
E
FRONT OFFICE 282 S.F.
21'-7 1/2"
STORAGE, MECH., QUARANTINE 809 S.F. MALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
FEMALE LOCKER ROOM 310 S.F. 14'-4"
RESEARCH OFFICES 380 S.F.
MEDICAL ROOM & LAB 849 S.F.
UP
STAFF OFFICES 454 S.F. 39'-4"
17'-7"
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1/8" = 1'-0"
91
mezzanine live roof cafe dining patio bathrooms mechanical guest circulation
roof king xl plywood panels
structure 15’-0” x 15’-0” 16” HSS steel grid HEB metalmesh hm165 0’-1” x 0’-1” 6” steel tubing
ground exhibit hall fiberglass reinforced plastic tanks motionmagix interactive displays lobby bathrooms staff office & storage research lab guest circulation
21'-8"
16'-0"
SECTION
16'-0"
21'-8"
3/16" = 1'-0"
SECTION 1/4" = 1'-0"
93
95
97