BÇsÇ2552
♣
♣♣
PaK TIPaK2 TI2
cUrkMuePÂcxÂçn rkFmáGafá yksIl smaFi Pavna TIBwgenHCa suxsan¶eGIy . ♣
♣♣
Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n
visuTiìmKðE¨b
Bwg«¨trtna cit¶sTìa
visuTiìmKðE¨b ERbeday
sa®sþacarü rs´-saevn er[ber[geday Pikú¡vinyZera mhayin-en]n I G i
e:HBum¬pSayCaZmμTanecjBI
vtþExμrsan´taGaNa
vtþExμrsan´taGaNa
shrdðGaemrik
2630 N. Grand Ave. Santa Ana, CA 92705 (714) 744-2834 U.S.A.
elIkTI1
cMnYn 5ç000 k|al rkSasiTÆi
PaKTI2
BÇ sÇ 2552
2
bkrN_viesseQμa¼visuTi§mK:ERb
dl´RBm énbc©&yCaeRK]g t nUvGayu TukCakalman rEmgman
PaKTI 2
eRBaHPav;énkmμEdljúaMgbdisnÆioekIt Cakmμmanvi:kqÁin eday viessEtb¨ueNÑaH mrN;enH eQμaHza mrN; eRBaHGs´buNü .
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
mrN;Na rEmgman edayGMNacénkiriyaGs´eTAénGayu man
‘mrNsSti’ ‘141’
kñúgkal«LÚvenH karsMEdgecjnUvkiriyacMerInnUv
mrNsSti bnÞab´GMBIeTvtanusStienH dl´ehIytamlMdab´. cUleTApþac´bg´nUvCIviti®nÞiy
Edlelakrab´bJ©ÚlehIy
kar
kñúgPB
mYy eQμaHzamrN; kñúgBaküza ²mrNsSti³ enaH. cMENkxag mrN;enHNa eBalKWkiriyacUleTApþac´bg´nUvTuk¡ kñúgvdþ énRBH GrhnþTaMgLay mrN;Na
mrNsStienaH
eQμaHza
eBalKWkiriyaEbkZøaykñúgxN;
smuecäTmrN;ç énsg¡arTaMgLay
mrN;enaH eQμaHza xNikmrN;ç mrN;Na kñúgRbeyaKTaMg Lay manRbeyaKdUecñHCaedImza ²eQIgab´ elah;gab´³ mrN; enaH eQμaHza smμtimrN; .
mrN; 3 RbkarenaH KWRBHman
RBHPaK minRTg´RBHbMNgykehIy kñúgnieTÞsenH . cMENkxag mrN;enHNa
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
EdlRBHd*manRBHPaK
RTg´RBHbMNgykehIy
mrN;enaH man 2 Rbkar KW; kalmrN; 1 GkalmrN; 1 . bNþamrN;TaMg 2 RbkarenaH kalmrN; rEmgmaneRBaHkiriya Gs´buNüxøH eRBaHGs´GayuxøH eRBaHGs´buNü nig GayuTaMg 2 xøHç GkalmrN; rEmgman edayGMNacénkmμEdlcUleTApþac´ bg´nUvkmμ . k*bNþamrN;TaMg 2 enaH mrN;Na nakalkiriya
RbmaNRtwmEtmYyryqñaM
bIdUcCaGayurbs´burs
kñúgeBlsBV
ézáenH eRBaHkiriyaminmanénsm|tþi manKti kal nig Gahar Ca edIm mrN;enH eQμaHza mrN;eRBaHGs´Gayu. cMENkmrN; Na mandl´buK<lTaMgLay Gñkmanbc©&yCaeRK]g t ‘nUvGayu’ RtUvkmμEdlGackñúgkiriyajúaMgstVoXøatcakTI
kñúgxN;enaHÉg
cUleTApþac´bg´ dUcCamnusS:bTaMgLay manRBH:TTusImar nig RBH:TklaBuCaedImkþI
dl´buK<lTaMgLayGñkmanbc©&yCaeRK]g
t ‘nUvGayu’ cUleTApþac´bg´ edayesckþIBüayam mankiriyaeRbI nUveRK]gs®sþaCaedIm edayGMNacénkmμ EdlmankñúgkalmunkþI mrN;enH eQμaHza GkalmrN; . elakse®g<aHehIy
mrN;TaMgGs´enaH KW
edaykiriyacUleTApþac´bg´nUvCIviti®nÞiy
man
RbkardUc:neBalmkehIy . esckþIrlwknUvesckþIsøab´ eBal KWkiriyacUleTApþac´bg´nUvCIviti®nÞiy
dUcEzøgmkenH
eQμaHza
mrNsSti . ‘viZIcMerInmrNsSti’ RBHeyaKavcrGñkmanbMNgedIm|IcMerInmrNsStienaH Kb|I eTAkñúgTIsáat´ eKcecjcakGarmμN¾ smáMenA eTaHbIjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA edayó:yénR:C\a za ²esckþIsøab´ng w man CIviti-
visuTÆimK< ERb
3
®nÞiy nwgdac´sUnü³ dUecñHkþI ß za ²mrN;>³ dUecñHkþI .
4
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eRBaHza
kaljúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTAy¨agenH eQμaHza oRbRBwtþeTA
kalRBHeyaKavcr júaMgmnsikaroRbRBwtþeTA edayó:yminCa
edayó:yénR:C\a GZib|ayza oRbRBwtþeTAedayó:y . Bit
R:C\aç esckþIesakrEmgekIteLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y>nUvesckþI
EmnehIy
søab´ énCnCaTIRsLaj´ dUcCaesckþIesak ekIteLIg kñúgkiriya
y¨agdUecñHÉgç nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsáb´rmáab´ç sti Edlman
rlwker]y> nUvesckþIsøab´ énkUnCaTIRsLaj´ rbs´matabeg,It
mrN;CaGarmμN¾ rEmgtaMgenARBmç kmμdðan rEmgdl´nUvóbcar;
y¨agdUecñaHÉgç esckþIR:emaC¢ rEmgekIteLIg kñúgkarrlwker]y>
EmnBit .
kalRBHeyaKavcrBYkxøH
nUvesckþIsøab´ énCnminCaTIRsLaj´ dUcCaesckþIR:emaC¢ ekIt eLIg dl´CnGñkmaneB[rTaMgLay kñúgkarrlwker]y> nUvesckþI
júaMgmnsikaroRbRBwtþeTA
‘karrlwkedayGakar; 8’ Etza
kmμdðan
minmandl´RBHeyaKavcrNa
edayehtu
søab´ énCnGñkmaneB[rTaMgLay dUecñaHEdrç esckþIsegVK nwg
manRbmaNb¨ueNÑH RBHeyaKavcrenaH Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvesckþI
minekIteLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y>nUvesckþIsøab´ énCnCakNþal
søab´ edayGakar; 8 enH KW ;
dUcCaesckþIsegVK minekIteLIg dl´CnGñkdutnUvsaksB kñúg
edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat 1ç
kiriyaeXIjnUvsaksBénexμac dUecñaHç esckþItk´søút rEmgekIt
edayvibtþiénsm|tþi 1ç
eLIg kñúgkiriyarlwker]y> nUvesckþIsøab´rbs´xøÜn dUcCaesckþI
edayesckþIeRb[beZ[b 1ç
tk´søút ekIteLIgdl´CnGñkRbkbedayCatiCaGñkxøac eRBaHeXIj
edaykayCasaZarN;dl´stVeRcIn 1ç
nUveBCÄXat EdlmandavgaeLIg .
edayGayumankmøaMgexSay 1ç
karekIteLIgénesckþIesak
CaedImTaMgGs´enHenaH rEmgman dl´buK<lGñkEdlenAR:scak
edayCIvitminmaneRK]gsm<al´ 1ç
sti segVK; nig jaN .
edaykiriyakMNt´nUvkal 1ç
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|I
rmilemIl nUvstVEdlRtUveKsmøab´ nwgstVEdlsøab´ehIy kñúg TIenaH>
ehIyBicarNa
nUvesckþIsøab´
ehIy
mansm|tþiEdlxøÜnZøab´eXIjehIy
edayCIvitmanxN;tic 1 .
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI1’
rbs´BYkstVEdlsøab´ ehIyRbkbnUvsti
‘142’
bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²vZkb|c©úbdðaneta³ man
segVK; nig jaN ehIyjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA edayn&y
esckþIza edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat . GZib|ayza RBH
CaedIm za ²esckþIsøab´nwgman³ dUecñH . eRBaHza RBHeyaKavcr
eyaKavcr Kb|Irlwker]y> za ; eBCÄXat Kitza ²Gjnwgkat´
visuTÆimK< ERb
5
nUvk|alénbursenH³ dUecñHehIy cab´ykdavmkpÞab´Rtg´-k Qr enAR:kd y¨agNamijç sUm|IesckþIsøab´k*R:kdy¨agenaHEdr . sYrza eRBaHehtuGIV/ . eqøIyza eRBaHesckþIsøab´mkehIy CamYy nwgCatipg eRBaHvanaMyknUvCIviteTApg . dUcCapSitk|alBs´enA RkBMu TUlykGacm¾dI puseLIg y¨agNamijç stVTaMgLayEtg naMyknUvCra nig mrN; ehIyekIteLIg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . Bit dUecñaHEmn bdisniÆcitþ énstVTaMgLayenaH k*rEmgdl´nUvesckþI RKaMRKa kñúglMdab´énkiriyaekIteLIgenaHÉg ehIyEbkZøay mYy GenøIedayxnÆEdlRbkbRBmehIyTaMgLay dUcCadMuzμEdlrem[l Zøak´cuHmkBIelIkMBUlPñM ‘Ebk’ y¨agenaHEdr .
xNikmrN; mk
ehIy mYyGenøIedayCatimun y¨agenHÉg . EtsUm|ImrN; Edl elakbMNgykehIy
kñúgmrNsStienH
k*mkehIy
mYyGenøI
edayCati eRBaHstVEdlekItmkehIyRtUvEtsøab´EmnBit. eRBaH ehtuenaH stVenH cab´edImGMBIkalEdlekItmkehIy k*manmux eq¬aHeTAkan´esckþIsøab´ eTAminRtLb´mkvijeLIy sUm|IbnþicbnþÜc eRb[b:nnwgRBHGaTitü
EdlrHeLIgehIy
manmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TI
taMgenAmin:n ecHEteTA minRtLb´vij GMBITIEdlxøÜneTAehIy> sUm|IEtbnþicbnþÜc BMuenaHesat eRb[bdUcCasÞwgtUc hUrZøak´cuHGMBI PñM
manExSTwkel]n
naMyknUvvtæúEdlKYrnaMykeTA
ecHEthUreTA
ecHEtRT:j´eTAEtmüa¨g minRtLb´mkvijeLIy sUm|IEtbnþicbnÜþc k*y¨agenaHEdr . eBalza ;
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHGeyaXkumareBaZistV
6
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
stV enAkñúgK(P Gs´raRtINamYyCadMbUg stVenaH
RbRBwtþeTA dUcCaBBkEdltaMgeLIg stVenaHecH EteTAer]y> minEdlRtLb´vilvijeT ‘1’ .
mYyeT[t kalstVenaH ecHEteTA y¨agdUecñHç esckþIsøab´ ecHEtmkCitbeg,Iy dUcCakiriyarIgsáÜténsÞwgtUcTaMgLay Edl RtUvkMedAézá
kñúgKimØrdUvpg
dUcCakarZøak´cuH
énEpøeQITaMgLay
EdlmanTgRbRBwtþeTAtamrsénGae: kñúgeBlRBwkpg dUcCakar EbkZøay énPaCn;dITaMgLay EdlRtUveKvaybMEbkehIy eday dMbgbYnRCugpg nig dUcCakarkMcat´bg´nUvtMNk´ énTwksenSImTaMg Lay EdlRtUvrsμIRBHGaTitüBal´RtUvehIypg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´Kaza 3 CadMbUg nig RBHeBaZistV eBalKaza TI 4 za ;
ézánigyb´ ecHEtknøgeTAç CIvitecHEtzycuH
mkç Gayurbs´stVTaMgLayecHEtGs´eTA dUcCa
TwksÞwgtUc ecHEtrIgsáÜteTA y¨agenaHÉg ‘2’ .
EpøeQITaMgLayEdlTMuehIy EtgP&yGMBIkar
RCuHcuHcakedIm GMBIRBlwm y¨agNamijç stVTaMg
LayEdlekItmkehIy
EtgP&yGMBIesckþIsøab´
Gs´kalCanic© k*y¨agdUecñaHHEdr .
PaCn¾dIEdlnaysμÚnqñaMgeZVIehIy eTaHtUckþI
1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 60 TMB&r 142 . 2- sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI29 TMB&r 297 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
7
ZMkþI qÁinkþI eqAkþI suTÆEtmankarEbkZøayeTACaTI
8
vibtþieTA:nenaH BitCaminmanesaHeLIy .
bMputTaMgGs´ y¨agNamijç CIvit rbs´stVTaMg
RKgsm|tþielIEpndITaMgmUl RTg´cayRBHraCRTBü
TwksenSIm elIcugesμA EtgRCuHZøak´ eRBaH
100 ekadi RTg´dl´nUvPaBCaZM kñúgTIbMput énvtæú
kiriyarHeLIg énRBHGaTitü y¨agNamijç Gayu k*y¨agenaHEdrç
sUmEm¨kMuhamXat´x\úMeLIy .
RtwmEtEpøknÞÜtéRB
bBiRtEm¨
kayenaHÉg
mYyeT[t mrN;enHenaH ecHEtnaMyknUv
CIviteTAEtmüa¨g luHnaMykeTAehIy k*minnaMykmkvijeLIy dUc CaeBCÄXatenaH naMykdav‘dak´’Rtg´-k dUecñaHÉg .
eRBaHehtu
enaH esckþIsøab´ eQμaHzaCaZmμCatR:kdEmnBit dUceBCÄXat EdlmandavgaeLIgehIy eRBaHmrN;mkehIy CamYynwgCatipg
nakal
edaycMNgKWrag
RBHGg<RTg´manRBHP®kþeq¬aHeTArk
esckþIsøab´ RTg´CYbnUvesckþIesakesA . mYyeT[t
esckþIminmaneraKTaMgGs´
manBüaZiCaTIbMput
v&yTaMgGs´ manCraCaTIbMput CIvitTaMgGs´ manesckþIsøab´CaTI bMput
elaksnñivasTaMgGs´hñwgÉg
edjtamehIy ehIy .
eRBaHnaMyknUvCIviteTACamYypg dUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|I
KWCatieTAtamehIy
RtUvBüaZiRKbsg,t´ehIy
eRBaHehtudUecñaH
RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ za ;
Tl´nwgGakas kalebIrebIkZøak´mk k*Kb|Irem[l sg,t´ ‘nUvstVTaMgLay’ edayCMuvijRKb´TisTaMg
dUecñHÉg .
bYn y¨agNamijç Cra nigmrN; EtgRKbsg,t´
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI2’
nUvstVTaMgLay eTaHCakSRtkþI RBahμN¾kþI Gñk
‘143’ bTza ²sm|tiþvibtþieta³ GZib|ayza ; drabNa
CMnYjkþI Gñk®KYkþI eTaHCamnusScNÐal nig Gñk
vibtþi minRKbsg,t´nUvsm|tþienaH drabenaH eQμaHzasm|tþi kñúg elakenH EtgenAlÁsÁat .
ecalsMramkþI
Etza eQμaHzasm|tþi EdlknøgnUv
suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 16 TMB&rTI 256 .
EtgjaMjITaMgGs´
minmanelIk
ElgstVNanImYyesaHeLIy k*y¨agdUecñaHÉg . 1–
sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI
KWCra
RtUvmrN;kMcat´bg´
PñMTaMgLay EdlCazμtan´d*ZM ‘1’ mankMBUlx¬s´
rlwkesckþIsøab´er]y> edaykiriyaR:kddUcCaeBCÄXat y¨ag
1–
Bak´kNþalbu¨eNÑaHç
buNümkdl´kiriyaGs´ehIy
mrN;mkehIyCamYynwgCati dUcCaeBCÄXat mandavga eLIgehIy y¨agenH .
BitdUecñaHEmn
sUm|IRBH:TGesak RTg´manesckþIsux RTg´RKb´
Lay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr ‘1’ .
rbs´mnusSTaMgLay
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
297 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
9
10
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
kñúgCra nig mrN;enaH PUmiénBldMrI minman PUmi
CaGñkmanysZM’ y¨agdUcemþc/ .
eT[t «tmanGñkNamYy GacykQñH ‘nUvCra
CaGñkmanysZM y¨agenHCamunza; esckþIsøab´enH minmanesckþI
énBlrzminman PUmiénBlezμIreCIg minmanç mYy nig mrN;enaH’ edays®g<am edayGaz(kM:Mg ß edayRTBü:neLIy .
vibtþiKWmrN; CaTIbMputénsm|tþiKWCIvit dUceBalmkenH . RBHeyaKavcr kalkMNt´Pav;énCIvit manesckþIsøab´ CaTIbMput enaH Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´er]y> edayvibtþicaksm|tþi .
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI3’ ‘144’ bTza ²óbsMhrNeta³ xøÜnCamYynwgBYkCndéT .
KWedaykareRb[beZ[b
kñúger]genaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|Irlwk
esckþIsøab´er]y> edaykareRb[beZ[b edayGakar; 7 KW ;
ysmhtþeta edayPaBCaGñkmanysZMç buJ¦mhtþeta
edayPaBCaGñkmanbuNüeRcInç
zammhtþeta
edayPaBCaGñkmankmøaMgeRcInç
«TÆimhtþeta bJ¦amhtþeta bec©kBuTÆeta
edayPaBCaGñkmanb\TÆieRcInç edayPaBCaGñkmanbJ¦aeRcInç edayPaBCaRBHbec©kBuTÆç
smμasm¬úTÆmhtþeta
edayPaBCaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆç
‘ysmhtþeta’ sYrza ;
RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
sgS&yeLIy Zøak´cuHelIRBHraCaTaMgLay cab´epþImGMBIesþcRTg´ RBHnammhasmμt; esþcRTg´RBHnammnÆatu esþcRTg´RBHnammha suTsSn; esþcRTg´RBHnamTL$enmi GñkmanysZMmanbrivareRcIn manRTBü nig manBahn;eRcIn caM:c´eBaleTAzVI esckþIsøab´nwg minZøak´mkelIxøÜnGj .
Gñ k manysZM TaM g Lay mhasmμ t ;CaedI m
manesþ c RTg´ R BHnam
Caesþ c RbesI r
Gm|al
y¨agesþcTaMgenaH Kg´dl´ehIynUvGMNac énmc©ú caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa Gj dUecñH .
‘buJ¦mhtþeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn y¨agdUecñH za ;
esdðITaMgLayenH KW esdðIeQμaHeCatiy; eQμaH Cdil;
eQμaHóK<;
esdðIeQμaHbuNÑ;
eQμaHemNÐk;
BMuenaHesat
nig CnTaMgLayÉeT[t Edl
visuTÆimK< ERb
11
suTÆEtl|I> za CaGñkmanbuNüd*eRcIn kñúgelak GñkTaMgGs´enaH suTÆEtdl´ehIy nUvesckþIsøab´ caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa Gj dUecñH .
12
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RBHGK<sav&k TI2 Na CaGñkRbesIrCagbuK<lGñk manb\TÆiTaMgLay kaljúaMgevCynþR:saTmino keRmIk edayRtwmEtcugemeCIg RBHGK<sav&k TI 2 enaH
Kg´cUleTAkan´mat´énmc©ú
mYyGenøIedayGñkmanb\TÆiTaMgLay dUcCaRmwKcUl
‘zammhtþeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn y¨agdUcemþc/ .
eTAkan´mat´énsIh; caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<l TaMgLayR:kddUcCaGj dUecñH .
‘bJ¦amhtþeta’
eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn y¨agdUecñH za ;
RBHvasueTB
RBHBleTB
RBHPImesn;
RBH
yudðil; sUm|Ihnur; GñkcM:b´ZM> dl´ehIy nUv GMNacénesckþIsøab´ GñkTaMgenaHÉgEdlsuTÆEt CaGñkl|I> dl´ehIynUvPaBCaGñkmankmøaMg kñúg elak y¨agenH dl´ehIynUvesckþIsøab´ caM:c´ eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lR:kddUcGj dUecñH .
‘«TÆimhtþeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn y¨agdUecñH za ;
EdlKYroRBWxøac
CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn y¨agdUecñH za ;
elIkElgEtRBHelaknazecj stVTaMgLayNa déTeT[t
EdlmanstVTaMgLayenaH
mindl´
nUvcMNit TI16 EdleKEckehIy Gs´fan; 16 dg énbJ¦arbs´RBHsarIbuRtç RBHGK<sav&k TI1 eQμaHza CaGñkmanbJ¦aeRcIn y¨agenH dl´ehIy nUvGMNacénesckþIsøab´
caM:c´eBaleTAzVI
kñúg
buK<lTaMgLayR:kddUcCaGj dUecñH .
‘bec©kBuTÆeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
visuTÆimK< ERb
13
CaRBHbec©kBuTÆ y¨agdUcemþc/ .
14
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
mansIlk¡nÆd*brisuTÆsÁat edayGakar;TaMgBYgCaedIm dl´ehIy
eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
nUveRtIy énPaBCaGñkmanysZM PaBCaGñkmanbuNüeRcIn PaB
CaRBHbec©kBuTÆ y¨agdUecñH za ; sUm|IBuTÆbuK<lTaMgLayenaHNa
CaGñkmankmøaMgeRcIn PaBCaGñkmanb\TÆieRcIn nig PaBCaGñkman
eZVInUvkiriyajaMjIsRtUv KWkielsTaMgBYg edayBl;KWjaN nig
bJ¦aeRcIn minmanbuK<lesμI esμIedaybuK<lminmanbuK<lesμI min
vIriy; rbs´xøÜn :ndl´nUvbec©ksem¬aZi CaRBHsymÖÚ dUcCakuy
manbuK<leRb[b manbuK<leRb[bminman CaRBHGrhnþ Rtas´dwg
rmasç
edayRbéBç
sUm|IBuTÆbuK<lTaMgenaH
k*minrYcputehIyGMBIesckþIsøab´
cuHeyIgnwgrYcputGMBITINa:n .
dl´ehIynUvkiriyaGs´eTA
RTg´sáb´rmáab´ehIy
edayfan; edaykiriyaZøak´cuHéntMNk´TwkePø{g KWmrN; eRb[b
RBHmehsITaMgLayÉNa GaRs&ynUvnimitþenaH> BicarNa
sUm|IRBHmanRBHPaKGg<enaH
énGasav;
edayetCHénjaNCaRBHsymÖÚ eRb[bdUcCakuy
dUcCaKMnrePøIgd*ZM rlt´edaykiriyaZøak´cuHénRKab´ePø{gKWTwk .
ZmμtaesckþIsøab´enaHNa
pSayGMNacmkdl´
RBHmehsI GñkmanGanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH eday
rmas eRBaHkiriyaRtac´eTAnigenAEtmñak´Égç sUm|I
mi n manesckþ I x ø a c
caM:c´eBaleTAzVI kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUcCa
xμas minmanekatjejIt jaMjInUvstVTaMgGs´
RBHmehsITaMgLayenaH k*knøgnUvmc©úBMu:neLIy Gj dUecñH .
‘smμasm¬úTÆeta’ sYrza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ y¨agdUcemþc/ .
eLIy
edaymi n manesckþ I x μ a s
esckþIsøab´enHenaH
EdlminmanesckþI
nwgminmkRKbsg,t´nUvstV R:kddUcCaGj dUc emþc:n dUecñH . kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH
eRb[beZ[bxøÜn
mYyGenøIedayCn
TaMgLaydéT EdlbribUredayPaBCaZM manPaBCaGñkmanysZM
eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edayPaB
CaedIm edayPaBCaGñkmanmrN;esμIKña dUecñHeehIy rlwker]y>
CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ y¨agdUecñHza ; sUm|IRBHmanRBHPaKenaHNa man
za ²esckþIsøab´ nwgmandl´GjEdr dUcmandl´BYkstVviess
RBHrUbkayviciRt edaymhaburislk¡N; 32 Rbkar Rbdab´ehIy
TaMgLayenaH³ dUecñHehIy kmμdðan nwgdl´óbcar;Bit .
edayGnuBüJ¢n; 80 manRBHZmμkaysMercehIy edayKuNrtn;
eyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´ edaykareRb[beZ[by¨agenH .
RBH
visuTÆimK< ERb
15
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI4’
16
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
kiriyaZøak´cuH énóbRTBüTaMgLayenaHEmnBit .
bTza ²kayBhusaZarNeta³ esckþIza TUeTA
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ za ²mñal
dl´stVeRcIn KWTUeTAdl´hVÚvdg,ÚvTaMgLay 80 BYk edayBit .
Pikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH kalebIézáknøgeTAehIy yb´
bNþahVÚgdg,ÚvTaMgenaH dg,ÚvEdlGaRs&ynUvEs|ksm|úrézá EtgsIu
mkdl´vij EtgBicarNadUecñHza; ehtuénesckþIsøab´ rbs´Gatμa
nUvEs|ksm|úrézá
Gj maneRcInNas´etI ‘dUcCa’ Bs´cwkGatμaGjkþI xÞÜyTicGatμa
‘145’
EdlGaRs&ynUvEs|k
EtgTMBasIunUvEs|k
EdlGaRs&ynUvsac´ EtgTMBasIunUvsac´ EdlGaRs&ynUvsrés EtgTMBasIunUvsrés
EdlGaRs&ynUvqÁwg
EtgTMBasIunUvqwÁg
EdlGaRs&yxYrkñúgqÁwg EtgTMBasIunUvxYrkñúgqÁwg vaekIt cas´ søab´ benÞabg´óc©ar; nig bsSav; dak´kñúgsrIrRbeTsenaHÉg .
k*rag
kay CapÞHsMrab´ekIt Cam®nÞIreBTü CasaksB CaéRBsμsan Ca bg<n´ nig CasñÚksMrab´benÞabg´bsSav; énhÚVgdg,ÚvTaMgLayenaH ragkayenHenaH rEmgdl´nUvesckþIsøab´ edaykiriyakMerIk énhVÚg dg,ÚvTaMgLayenaHÉg . mYyeT[t kayenH CaTUeTAdl´hVÚgdg,ÚvTaMgLay 80 hVÚg
GjkþI EkÁbxaMGatμaGjkþI GatμaGjnwgsøab´ GnþrayenaH nwgman dl´GatμaGj eRBaHehtuEtBs´cwkCaedImenaH GatμaGjPøat´dYlkþI PtþEdlGatμaGjbriePaKehIyhl´kþI
kþI esøsμrbs´GatμaGjkeRmIkkþI kgxül´dUcs®sþavuZ rbs´Gatμa Gj keRmIkkþI BYkmnusS Büayamsmøab´GatμaGjkþI BYkGmnusS Büayamsmøab´GatμaGjkþI
EdlmankñúgxageRkA KWstVmanBisTaMgLay manBs´ nig xÞÜy CaedIm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRb[bdUcCaeRK]gRbharTaMgLay man kUnsr lMEBg p<ak´ nig dMuzμCaedIm EdlmkehIyGMBITisTaMgBYg rEmgZøak´cuH kñúgvg´CaeRK]gkMNt´EdleKtm,l´TukehIy elIpøÚvZM
kayenHenaH rEmgdl´nUvesckþIsøab´
eday
GnþrayenaH
nwg
RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´er]y> edaykayCa TUeTA dl´stVnigbc©&y énesckþIsøab´eRcInRbkar y¨agdUecñHÉg .
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI5’ ‘146’
bTza ²GayuTuBVleta³ esckþIza ZmμtaGayunu@H
minmankMLaMg mankMLaMgexSay .
BitdUecñaHEmn CIvit rbs´stV
TaMgLay Cab´Tak´Tgedayxül´dkdegØImcUlecj 1 Cab´Tak´Tg eday«riyabz 1
Cab´Tak´Tg edayRtCak´ekþA 1
Cab´Tak´Tg
edaymhaPUtrUb 1 Cab´Tak´TgedayGahar 1 . CIvitenHenaH kal:nnUvPaBRbRBwtþieTAesμI énxül´dkdegØIm
EbkCabYn y¨agNaç óbRTBTaMgBYgTaMgLay k*Zøak´cuHelIkay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
GatμaGjnwgsøab´
mandl´GatμaGj eRBaHehtuEtPøat´dYlCaedImenaH ‘1’ ³ .
y¨agNamijç ‘kayenH’ k*CaTUeTAdl´bc©&yTaMgLay énesckþI søab´ EdlRbRBwtþeTABÆd*xagkñúghñwgÉg :ndl´eraKeRcInryCMBUk
Rbmat´rbs´GatμaGjkMerIk
1–
suÇ GMÇ GÇ
PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 317 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
17
cUl nig xül´dkdegIØmecjhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n .
18
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
k*bu¨Enþ
kalebIxül´kñúgRcmuH EdlecjeTAxageRkAehIy mincUlmkxag
RBHeyaKavcr
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI6’ ‘147’ bTza ²Gnimitþeta³ KW edayminmankMNt´ esckþI
eQμaHza søab´ehIy . CIvitenH
kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAesμI
za edayminmanénkarkMNt´ .
én«riyabzTaMgLaybYnhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n b¨uEnþeRBaHPav;
1 kEnøgsMrab´dak´cuHnUvragkay 1 Kti 1 rbs´
dac´sUnü . CIvitenH
vinas . CIvitenH
kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAesμI
énmhaPUtrUbTaMgLayhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n bu¨EnþeRBaHbNþa bfvIZatu ß bNþaZatuTaMgLay manGae:ZatuCaedIm ZatuNa mYykeRmIk buK<lsUm|IbribUrehIyedaykMLaMg k*CaGñkmankay rwgRkj¨g´xøH
mankayrlYysÁúyesAhμg
edayGMNacéneraK
kñúgCIvelak
minmannimitþ
KWGñk
NamYy k*dwgmin:nEdr .
bu¨Enþkal
ebIbuK<lRtUvRtCak´éRkeBkkþI ekþAéRkeBkkþI RKbsg,t´ehIy rEmg
mYyeT[t
stVTaMgLay
kal:nnUvPaBénkiriyaRbRBwtþieTAesμI
énRtCak´ nig ekþATaMgLayhñwgÉg eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n
EmnBit
Zm(TaMgLay 5 enH KW CIvit 1 BüaZi 1 kal
én«riyabzNamYy> ‘RbRBwtþeTA’ hYsRbmaN Gayusg¡ar eTIb
mYyeT[t
edayGayu
mankMLaMgexSay dUc:ner[brab´mkenHÉg .
kñúgvijkþI kalebIxül´EdlcUleTAehIy minecjmkvijkþI buK<l
mYyeT[t
Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´er]y>
bNþaZm(TaMgLay 5 enaH eQμaHza CIvit minmannimitþ eRBaHminmankarkMNt´za ²stVKb|Irs´enA Gs´kalmanRbmaN bu¨eNÑHÉg minKb|Irs´enA xagmuxbnÞab´GMBIenHeT³ dUecñHCaedIm . d|itza
stVTaMgLay
søab´kñúgkalEdlxøÜnenACakll;k*man
kñúgkalenACaGm¬úT; Caebsi CaXn; enAkñúgKP(:n 1 Ex :n 2 Ex :n 3 Ex :n 4 Ex :n 5 Ex nig :n 10 Ex k*man kñúg sm&yEdlecjcaképÞk*man bnÞab´BIenaHmk søab´xagkñúg 100 qñaMk*man xageRkA ‘elIsGMBI’ 100 qñaM k*mandUcKñaEdr .
maneraKZøak´QamCaedImxøH manesckþIekþARkhayd*ZMRKbsg,t´xøH
ÉBüaZi eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHminmankiriyakMNt´za
CaGñkmantMN nig cMNgdac´xøH rEmgdl´nUvkarGs´eTAénCIvit .
²stVTaMgLay søab´edayBüaZienHEtbu¨eNÑaH minsøab´edayBüaZi
mYyvijeT[t kalebIbuK<l :nnUvkvLig,arahar kñúgkal d*smKYrbu¨eNÑaH
CIvit
eTIbRbRBwtþeTA:n
bu¨EnþkalebImin:nnUv
Gahar vak*dl´nUvkiriyaGs´eTAEtmþg y¨agenHÉg .
déTeT[teT³ . man
eRBaHza stVTaMgLay søab´edayeraKkñúgEPñk k*
edayeraKNamYy
Rtec[kCaedImk*man .
kñúgcMeNameraKTaMgLay
maneraKkñúg
visuTÆimK< ERb
19
20
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs ‘148’ bTza ²GTÆanbriecäTeta³ esckþIza Zmμtakal én
sUm|Ikal k*eQμaHzaminmannimitþ eRBaHminmankarkMNt´ y¨agenHza ; stVKb|Isøab´ kñúgkalenHÉg minsøab´kñúgkaldéT
CIvit
eLIy .
mnusSNa rs´enAGs´kald*yUr mnusSenaH rs´enARtwmEt 100
eRBaHza stVTaMgLay søab´kñúgeBlRBwkk*man søab´
kñúgeBlNamYy kñúgcMeNameBlézáRtg´CaedImk*man .
rbs´mnusSTaMgLay
kñúgeBl«LÚvenH
manRbmaNticç
qñaM rs´enACag 100 qñaMenH k*manxøHEdr EtticeT .
eRBaHehtu
Ékardak´cuHnUvragkay k*eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHmin
enaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Gayu
mankarkMNt´ y¨agenHza; ²kalstVTaMgLaysøab´eTA ragkay
rbs´mnusSTaMgLayenH ticNas´ stVEdlRtUveTAkan´brelak
Kb|IZøak´cuH kñúgTIenHEtbu¨eNÑaH minZøak´cuHeTA kñúgTIdéTeLIy³ .
KYreZVIkusl
d|itza GtþPaB rbs´buK<lTaMgLay EdlekItehIy xagkñúgpÞH
eQμaHza
Zøak´cuH xageRkApÞHk*man GtþPaB rbs´buK<lTaMgLay EdlekIt
rs´enA Gs´kald*yUr mnusSenaH rs´enA :nRtwmEt 100 qñaM ß
ehIy xageRkApÞH EtgZøak´cuHeTA xagkñúgpÞHk*man .
zycuHmkk*man elIsCagbnþick*man ‘1’ ³ eRBaHehtudUecñH
dUcKñaenaHEdr
edayn&y
KYrRbRBwtþRBhμcriyZm(
minsøab´minmaneLIyç
bNÐit Kb|I ‘BN(na’ o:nBisþar edayRbkarCa
ex¬ImeqÁImGayuenaH buK<lKYrxMRbRBwtþ ‘sucrit’ dUc
EdlekItehIykñúgTwk Zøak´cuH elIeKakk*man .
buK<lEdlePøIgkMBugeqHk|al ‘eRBaH’ dMeNIrmin
ÉKti k*eQμaHza minmannimitþ eRBaHminmankarkMNt´ y¨ag
mk énesckþIsøab´ minmaneT dUecñH .
enHza ; stVEdlcüútcakKtienH Kb|IekItkñúgKtienH . eRBaHza
ekItkñúgelakNamYy
kñúgcMeNam
elakTaMgLaymaneTvelakCaedImk*man eRBaHehtuenHy¨agdUecñH elakEtgvilvl´eTA
kñúgKti
ynþ edIrvilvl´dUecñaHÉg .
5
dUcCaeKaEdleKTwmehIy
kñúg
RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´
er]y> edayCIvitminmannimitþ y¨agenHÉg .
mnusSNa
Gayu rbs´mnusSTaMgLay mantic sb|úrsKYr
elIeKak Zøak´cuHkñúgTwkk*man ßza GtþPaB rbs´stVTaMgLay
EdlcüútcakmnusSelak
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
‘niKmKaza’
eRcIn dUecñHCaedImza ; GtþPaB rbs´stVTaMgLayEdlekItehIy
stVTaMgLay EdlcüútcakeTvelak ekItkñúgmnusSelakk*man
stVEdlekItmkehIy
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´eT[tza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay er]g Zøab´manmkehIy
manRKU eQμaHGrk;³ dUecñHCaedIm .
RBHsURtEdlRbdab´edayóbma 7 Rbkar TaMgBYg bNÐit Kb|I ‘naMykmkBN(na’ o:nBisþar . RBHGg< RTg´Rtas´RBHsURtdéTeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay r
1–
suÇ
sMÇ
sKÇ
PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI 295 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
21
22
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Pikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨agenH za ; eZVIdUc
cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨agenH za ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@
emþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|Irs´enA Gs´yb´nigézá GatμaGj Kb|IeZVI
oGatμaGj Kb|Irs´enA RtwmxN;EdldkdegØImcUl ehIyecj
TukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|I
ß dkdegØImecj ehIycUl GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBakü
eZVIkic©kar o:neRcIn dUecñHkIþç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Na cMerIn
eRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:n
mrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨agenHza ; eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμa
eRcIn dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Gm|alenH ehAza minman
Gj Kb|Irs´enA Gs´ 1 ézá
esckþIRbmaTenA
GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvBakü
eRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:n eRcIn dUecñHkþIç enH za ;
Pikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨ag
eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|Irs´enA Rtwmqan´cgØan´
biNÐ:tmþg GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´ RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç
Pikú¡
BMnUt elbcUleTA GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK GatμaGj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
Pikú¡Gm|alenH
ehAza
manesckþIRbmaTenA
eLIy cMerInmrNsSti edIm|IeZVIoGs´eTAénGasv;TaMgLay yÅt yUreT dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay cMENkPikú¡Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨agenHza ;
eZVIdUcemþchñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|I
rs´enA RtwmxN;TMBaBMnUt:y 1 BMnUt elbcUleTA GatμaGj Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK Gatμa Gj Kb|IeZVIkic©karo:neRcIn dUecñHkþIç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡Na
edIm|IoGs´eTAénGasv;TaMg
Lay y¨agqan´rh&s ‘1’ ³ dUecñHÉg . kalénCIvit ticNas´ KWbuK<lminKYrTukcitþ RtwmEtkiriya TMBasIunUvBMnUt:y 4 ß 5 BMnUt y¨agdUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKavcr
Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´er]y>
edayCIvit
mankalkMNt´ y¨agenHÉg .
‘GZib|ayGakar; TI8’
Na cMerInmrNsSti edayesckþIRtiHriH y¨agenHza ; eZVIdUcemþc hñ@ oGatμaGj Kb|Irs´enA RtwmxN;TMBaBMnUt:y 4 ß 5
cMerInmrNsSti
‘149’
bTza
²xNbritþeta³
esckþIza
ebItambrmtæ
xN;énCIvit rbs´stVTaMgLay ticeBkNas´ RtwmEtkarRbRBwtþi eTAéncitþEtmYybu¨eNÑaHÉg . eRb[bdUcCakg´rz sUm|IkMBugRbRBwtþ eTA EtgRbRBwtþeTA edayRbeTs énxñgkg´Etm¡agbu¨eNÑaH sUm|I kMBugfitenA
k*rEmgfitenA
edayRbeTsénxñgkg´m¡agbu¨eNÑaHEdr
y¨agNamijç CIvit rbs´stVTaMgLay RbkbedayxN; éncitþ EtmYy k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr kalebIcitþenaHrlt´ehIy stV eKsnμt oeQμaHza rlt´ehIy . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²kñúgxN; éncitþCaGtIt; 1– suÇ
GMÇ GÇ
stV eQμaHza rs´enAehIy minrs´enA
PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 314 .
visuTÆimK< ERb nwgminrs´enA
kñúgxN;
23
éncitþCaGnaKt
stV
24
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
minrs´enAehIy
ZmμCatKYrsegVKpg QanenH CaQanmindl´nUvGb|na dl´Rtwm
minkMBugrs´enA ‘Et’ eQμaHzanwgrs´enA kñúgxN;éncitþCabc©úb|nñ
Etóbc©ar;bu¨eNÑaH. cMENkelakutþrCÄan nig Garub|CÄan TI2 nig
stV minrs´enAehIy ‘Et’ eQμaHza kMBugrs´enA nwgminrs´enA
TI4 dl´Gb|na sUm|IkñúgsPavZm(eRBaHCaPavnaBiess. EmnBit
CIvit GtþPaB sux nig Tuk¡ TaMgGs´ Rbkbeday xN;citþEtmYy eRBaHxN;RbRBwtþrh&sç xnÆTaMg LayNa
rbs´buK<lEdlsøab´eTAkþI
rs´enAkþI
rlt´ehIy kñúgelakenH xnÆTaMgGs´enaH k*dUc Kña eTAbdisnÆieT[tmin:nç stVelak minEmn ekItehIy
edayxnÆCaGnaKt
EdlminTan´ekIt
ehIy minEmnrs´enA kñúgbc©úb|nñeT stVelak søab´ edaykarEbkZøayéncitþ ‘enHKW’ CabJ¦tþi Rbkbedaybrmtæ RBHeyaKavcr
elakutþrCÄan dl´nUvGb|na edayGMNaclMdab´énvisuTÆiPavna . Garub|CÄan dl´Gb|na edayGMNacPavnaEdlknøgnUvGarmμN¾. eRBaHza kñúgGarub|CÄanenaH manRtwmEtkiriyaknøgnUvGarmμN¾ én Qan Edldl´ehIynUvGb|nabu¨eNÑaH . bu¨EnþkñúgmrNsStienH ‘visuTÆiPavnanuk,m; nig GarmμNsmtik,m;’ TaMgBIrenaHÉg minman eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbCaQan dl´RtwmEtóbc©ar;bu¨eNÑaH . Qan enHenaH dl´nUvkarrab´za mrNsSti EmnBit eRBaHPav;énQan enaH CaZmμCatekIteLIgedaykMLaMgénkarrlwkdl´esckþIsøab´ .
‘GanisgSénkarcMerInmrNsSti’
‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
Kb|IrlwkesckþIsøab´er]y>
edayCIvit
manxN;tictYc y¨agdUecñHÉg .
k*Pikú¡EdlRbkber]y> nUvmrNsStienH CaGñkminRbmaT Cab´Canic©
:nnUvGnPirtisJ¦a
kñúgPBTaMgBYg lHbg´nUvesckþI
GaeLaHGal&y kñúgCIvit CaGñktiHed[l:b CaGñkmineRcIn eday
‘mrNsStiCÄan’ kalebIRBHeyaKavcr sUm|Irlwker]y> edayGakar;Na mYy kñúgcMeNamGakar;TaMg 8 enH y¨agdUecñH
citþ rEmg:nnUv
karsnSM
CaGñkmanmnÞil
KWesckþIkMNaj´
kñúgbrik¡arTaMgLay
eTAR:sehIy . sUm|IGnic©sJ¦a k*dl´nUvkarsÞat´CMnaj sMrab´
Gaesvn; ‘karesB’ edayGMNacénkareZVITukkñúgcitþer]y> sti
Pikú¡enaH .
EdlmanesckþIsøab´CaGarmμN¾
nIvrNZm(TaMg
Pikú¡enaH’ tamlMGanénGnic©sJ¦aenaHÉg . stVTaMgLay Edl
Lay rEmgsáb´rmáab´ Gg<QanTaMgLayrEmgekItR:kd . bu¨Enþ
min:nGb´rMGMBIesckþIsøab´ kñúgevlaCitsøab´ rEmgdl´nUvesckþI
rEmgtaMgenAmaM
eRBaHGarmμN¾ ‘rbs´QanenH’ CasPavZm(pg 1–
suÇ xuÇ mhaÇ
PaKTI 64 TMB&rTI 78 .
eRBaHGarmμN¾Ca
mYyeT[t Tuk¡sJ¦a nig GntþsJ¦a rEmgR:kd ‘dl´
xøac esckþItk´søút esckþIvegVg dUcmnusSEdlRtUvRmwKkac yk¡ Bs´
ecar nig eBCÄXat RKbsg,t´ehIy Pøam>
y¨agNamijç
visuTÆimK< ERb
25
26
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Pikú¡enaH mindl´zñak´y¨agenHeT CaGñkminP&y CaGñkminvegVg eZVI
mYyKñaedaymK<b|J¦aenaH’ nig pl ‘Grhtþpl’ . Zm(mYyy¨ag
mrNkal. RbsinebIPikú¡enaH mineRtkGrnUvRBHniBVan kñúgbc©úb|nñ
KWGVI/ KWkayKtasti . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay BYkPikú¡Na briePaK
hñwgeT luHEbkZøayragkaysøab´eTACaGñkmansuKtienAxagmux .
nUvkayKtasti BYkPikú¡enaH eQμaHza briePaKnUvRBHniBVanç mñal
eRBaHehtuenaHÉg buK<lGñkmanR:C\alÁ Kb|IeZVI nUvesckþIminRbmaT
kñúgmrNsSti
GanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH sBV> kal .
Edlman
enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgmrNsSti .
‘kayKtasti’ ‘150’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH kayKtastikmμdðanenaHNa min Zøab´RbRBwtþeTAehIy ev[rcakBuTÆúb|aT minEmnCavis&yénBYktiræIy¾ TaMgBYg EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´sresIrehIy kñúgRBHsURt TaMgLayenaH> edayGakar;eRcInCaGenk y¨agenH za ²mñalPikú¡ TaMgLay ‘1’ Zm(mYyy¨ag EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo er]y>ehIy EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIsegVKeRcIn EtgRbRBwtþ eTA edIm|IesckþIcMerIneRcIn EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIekSmcak eyaK;eRcIn EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|Isti nig sm|CJ¦;eRcIn Etg RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvjaNTsSn; EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I enACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñ EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IeZVIoCak´c|as´ nUvviC¢a ‘bJ¦ad*sm|yutþedaymK<’ vimutþi ‘sm|yutþZm( EdlekItrlt´Ca 1–
suÇ
GMÇ ÉkÇ
PaKTI 40 TMB&rTI 95 .
Pikú¡TaMgLay BYkPikú¡Na minbriePaKnUvkayKtasti BYkPikú¡enaH eQμaHza minbriePaKnUvRBHniBVanç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡NabriePaKehIy RBHniBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH briePaKEdrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡Na minbriePaKehIy RBH niBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH minbriePaKEdrç kayKtasti rbs´BYkPikú¡Na sabsUnüehIy RBHniBVan rbs´BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH k*eQμaHza sabsUnüEdrç kayKtasti rbs´BYkPikú¡Na minsab sUnüehIy RBHniBVan rbs´BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH k*eQμaHza minsab sUnüEdrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡Na e:Hbg´ehIy RBHniBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH e:Hbg´Edrç kayKtasti EdlBYkPikú¡ Na R:rBÆehIy RBHniBVan k*eQμaHza BYkPikú¡TaMgenaH R:rBÆEdr³ dUecñHCaGaTi¾ RTg´sMEdgecjehIy edayGMNacénbBV;TaMgLay 14 y¨agenH KW Gana:nbBV;1 «riyabzbBV;1 ctusSm|CJ¦bBV;1 bdikUlmnsikarbBV;1 ZatumnsikarbBV;1 sivdðikbBV; 9 edayn&yCaGaTi¾za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay k*kayKtasti EdlPikú¡ cMerInehIy etIdUcemþc/ eZVIoeRcInehIy etIdUcemþc eTIbmanpl eRcIn eTIbmanGanisgSeRcInç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasna enH eTAehIykan´éRBß³ dUecñH . nieTÞsénkarcMerInkayKtasti enaH dl´ehIy edaylMdab´ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
27
‘kayKtastiEdlelakbMNgkñúgTIenH’ bNþabBV; 14 enaH bBV;TaMgLay 3 enH KW«riyabzbBV;
28
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
enAkñúgkayenH qÁwgmanenAkñúgkayenH xYrkñúgqÁwg manenAkñúgkay enH
tMrgenam
manenAkñúgkayenH
ebHdYg
manenAkñúgkayenH
ctusSm|CJ¦; ZatumnsikarbBV; RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy
ezøIm manenAkñúgkayenH vav manenAkñúgkayenH RkBH manenA
edayGMNacénvibsSna sivdðikbBV; 9 RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´
kñúgkayenH sYt manenAkñúgkayenH eBaHev[nZM manenAkñúgkay
ehIyedayGMNacGaTInvanubsSna
enH eBaHev[nTUc manenAkñúgkayenH GaharzμI manenAkñúgkayenH
hñwgÉg
kñúgvibsSnajaNTaMgLay
mYyeT[t sUm|IsmaZiPavnaNa Kb|IsMerc kñúgGsuP-
kmμdðanTaMgLay
manenAkñúgkayenH
TwkRbmat´
manenAkñúgkayenH
kñúgsivdðikbBV;TaMg
Twkesøsμ manenAkñúgkayenH TwkxÞúH manenAkñúgkayenH TwkQam
enaH smaZiPavnaenaH KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´RbkasehIy kñúg
manenAkñúgkayenH TwkejIs manenAkñúgkayenH TwkdM:xøaj´xab´
GsuPnieTÞsÉeNaHç
cMENkÉbBV;Et 2 bu¨eNÑaH KWGana:nbBV;
manenAkñúgkayenH TwkEPñk manenAkñúgkayenH Twkxøaj´ravmanenA
nig bdikUlbBV; KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy edayGMNac
kñúgkayenH Twkmat´ manenAkñúgkayenH TwksMe:r manenAkñúg
énsmaZi ‘Pavna’ kñúgGnusStinieTÞsenHç
bNþabBV;TaMg 2 enaH
kayenH TwkrMGil manenAkñúgkayenH TwkmURt manenAkñúgkay
edayGMNacénGana:nsSti
enH³ dUecñHç TVtþwsakarkmμdðanenH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´bMNgyk
Gana:nbBV;
manóTÆúmatkkmμdðanCaedIm
Gaharcas´
cat´CakmμdðanepSg
‘kmμdðan’ hñwgÉg eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH cMENk TVtþwsa-
ehIyza kayKtasti kñúgGnusStinieTÞsenH .
karkmμdðanenaHNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgehIy eday GMNacénbdikUlmnsikar
se®g<aHykxYrkñúgk|al
edayxYrkñúg
qÁwg y¨agenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ‘1’ BaküxagmuxenAmaneT[t Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as´nUvkayenHÉg eLIgeTA
xageRkamtaMgGMBIcugsk´cuHmk
‘GZib|ay:lIkayKtasti’ enH KWCakarsMEdgnUvkarcMerIn kñúgkayKtastikmμdðanenaH EdlmankarBN(na:lInaMmun dUcteTAenH .
xagelItaMgGMBI:teCIg
:f;za ²«emv kayM³ esckþIza nUvkaysÁúy EdlCaTI
manEs|kbiT:MgCMuvij
GaRs&yénmhaPUtrUbenH . :f;za ²óTÆM :Ttla³ esckþIza
eBjeTAedayvtúæminsÁat manRbkarepSg> KW sk´TaMgLay man
xagelIGMBIépÞéneCIg .
enAkñúgkayenH erammanenAkñúgkayenH RkckmanenAkñúgkayenH
xageRkamGMBIcugsk´ . bTza ²tcbriynþM³ esckþIza manEs|k
eZμj manenAkñúgkayenH Es|kmanenAkñúgkayenH srés man 1- suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 17 TMB&rTI 252 .
:f;za ²GeZa eksmtæka³ esckþIza
rMuB&TÆedayCMuvij . :f;za ²bUrnñanb|karsS Gsuciena bc©evk¡t³i esckþIza
kayenH eBjedayrbs´minsÁat mansk´CaedIm man
visuTÆimK< ERb
29
30
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RbkarepSg> . mansMNYrza KWedayRbkardUcemþc/ eqøIyza; KW
mansk´ nig eramCaedIm Kn´emIleTA minmanesrI Edlmankøin
Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa elama nxa .eb. mutþM .
sÁúy nig KYrex¬IméRkElg Etb¨ueNÑaHÉg .
bNþabT
TaMgenaH bTza ²Gtæi³ KW sMviC¢ti ERbzamanenA . bTza ²«msμw³
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb
RBHGg< RTg´Rtas´za ²Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa elama .eb.
KWkñuúgkayEdlRBHGg<Rtas´za; xagelI GMBI:teCIgeLIgeTA xag
mutþM sk´TaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH eramTaMgLay manenAkñúg
eRkamGMBIcugsk´cuHmk
kayenH .l. TwkmURt manenAkñúgkayenH ³ dUecñHCaedIm .
sÁatmanRbkarepSg> .
manEs|kB&TÆCMuvij
eBjedayrbs´min
bTza ²kaey³ KWkñúgsrIr; . esckþIza
srIr; elakehAza kay eRBaHCaTIekIténekadðas;TaMgLay man sk´CaedIm nig éneraKrab´ry maneraKkñúgEPñkCaedIm EdlbNÐit KYrex¬Im eRBaHekItmkGMBIrbs´minsÁat .
bTTaMgLayza ²eksa
elama³ CaedImenH KWGakar; 32 mansk´CaedIm .
bNÐitKb|I
RCabsm¬nÆ kñúgbT:lIenaH y¨agenHza ²Gtæi «msμw kaey eksa
Gtæi «msμw kaey elama sk´TaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH eram TaMgLay manenAkñúgkayenH³ dUecñHCatYy¨ag . EmnBit buK<lNamYy kalBinitüemIl kñúgkelvr;Edl manRbEvg 1 Büam manRbmaNbu¨eNÑHenH KW xagelIcab´edImtaMg GMBI:teCIgeTA xageRkamcab´edImGMBIcugsk´cuHmk edayTIbMput CMuvij cab´edImGMBIEs|k sUm|IedayGakar;sBVy¨ag k*mineXIj
enHCakarBN(na edaybTsm¬nÆ kñúg:lIenaH .
‘PavnanieTÞsénkayKtasti’ k*ÉGaTikmμikkulbuRt cUleTArkklüaNmiRt
GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInkmμdðanenH
manRbkardUceBalmkehIy>
Kb|I
er[nyk
nUvkmμdðanenH . cMENkÉklüaNmiRtenaH kaleBalnUvkmμdðan dl´kulbuRtenaH Kb|IR:b´óK<hekaslø edaycMENk 7 nig mnsikarekaslø edaycMENk 10 .
‘óK<hekaslø’ kñúgekaslø TaMg 2 enaH GacarüKb|IR:b´óK<hekaslø edayviZI 7 Ebb y¨agdUecñH KW edayvaca edaycitþ edayB(N edayRTg´RTay edayTis edayOkas ‘nig’ edaybriecäT .
‘pøÚvvaca’ k*kñúgbdikUlmnsikarkmμdðanenH
RBHeyaKavcr
sUm|ICa
nUvPaBCarbs´sÁatNamYy eTaHCaEkvmutþakþI EkvmNIkþI EkvviTUrü
GñkRTRTg´RBHéRtbidk k*Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvacaCamunsin
kþI xøwmRkwsñakþI xøwmcnÞn¾RkhmkþI karbUrkþI eTaHCavtæúdéT manlMGit
kñúgkalEdleZVITukkñúgcitþ . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKavcrBYkxøH eZVI
éneRK]gGb´CaedImkþI sUm|IRtwmEtCaGNUeLIyç
karsVaZüayenaHÉg kmμdðan rEmgR:kd dUckmμdðan R:kd dl´
suTÆEtCarbs´minsÁat
manRbkarepSg>
tamBit eXIj
epSgedayekadðas;
RBHezr;BIrRBHGg< Edl:ner[nkmμdðan kñúgsMNak´ énRBHmha-
visuTÆimK< ERb eTvetær GñkGaRs&yenAkñúgRsukeQμaHmly; .
31 :n»mkza RBH
ezr; RtUvRBHezr;TaMgBIrGg<enaH sUmer[nnUvkmμdðanehIy :no nUv:lI kñúgTVtþwsakarkmμdðan edayR:b´za ²GñkTaMgLay cUreZVI nUvkarsVaZüayenHÉg rhUt 4 Ex³ .
zVIebIRBHezr;TaMg2 rUbenaH
sÞat´CMnajBIr bI nikay k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨EnþRBHezr;TaMgBIrrUb enaH ‘enAEtxitxM’ sVaZüay nUvTVtþwsakar; Gs´ 4 Ex eTIb:n ‘sMerc’ CaesatabnñbuK<l eRBaHelakCaGñkTTYlyk ‘nUvOvaT’ edayeKarBEmnBit . eRBaHehtuenaH GacarüGñkeBalnUvkmμdðan Kb|IR:b´Genþvasikza ²RKadMbUg cUrGñkeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca Camun³ .
k*kalGenþvasikeZVI Kb|IkMNt´ nUvtcbJ©kkmμdðanCaedIm ‘kmμdðanEdlmanEs|kCaKRmb´R:M’ ehIyeZVIkarsVaZüay eday GMNacGnuelam nig bdielam . KWKb|IeBalza ²eksa elama
nxa Tnþa ceta sk´ eram Rkck eZμj Es|k³ dUecñHehIy eBal edaybdielameT[t za ²teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH . Genþvasik
‘mantMrgenamCaKRmb´R:M’ za ²mMsM
Kb|IeBal
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH . bnÞab´BIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal
kñúgb:ösbJ©k;
‘mansYtCaKRmb´R:M’ za ²hTyM yknM kielamkM bihkM b:ösM ebHdUg ezøIm vav RkBH sYt³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielam eT[tza ²b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI
nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa sYt RkBH vav ezøIm ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH . bnÞab´BIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgmtælug<bJ©k; ‘manxYrkñúgk|alCaKRmb´R:M’ za ²GnþM GnþKuNM óTriyM krIsM
‘viZIsVaZüay’
bnÞab´GMBIenaHmk
32
kñúgvk,bJ©k;
nharU GdðI GdðimiJ¢M vk,M
mtælug<M eBaHev[nZM eBaHev[ntUc GaharzμI Gaharcas´ xYrkñúg k|al³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielameT[tza ²mtælug<M krIsM
óTriyM GnþKuNM GnþM b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa xYrkñúg k|al Gaharcas´ GaharzμI eBaHev[ntUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH vav ezøIm ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH . bnÞab´BIenaHmk Genþvasik Kb|IeBal kñúgemTcäk,; ‘man
sac´ srés qÁwg xYrkñúgqÁwg tMrgenam³ dUecñHehIy eBaleday
TwkdM:rxøaj´xab´CaKRmb´R:MmYy’ za ²bitMþ esmØM bueBVa elahitM
bdielameT[tza ²vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa
esaeTa emeTa TwkRbmat´ Twkesøsμ TwkxÞúH TwkQam TwkejIs
elama eksa tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj
TwkdM:rxøaj´xab´³ dUecñHehIyeBaledaybdielameT[tza ²emeTa
visuTÆimK< ERb
33
34
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eseTa elahitM bueBVa esmØM bitMþ mtælug<M krIsM óTriyM GnþKuNM
edaykarsVaZüay edayvaca ‘y¨agenH’ reb[bkmμdðan rEmgsÞat´
GnþM b:ösM bihkM kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI
CMnaj citþ minsÞúHeTA xagenaHpg xagenHpg ekadðas;TaMgLay
nharU mMsM teca Tnþa nxa elama eksa TwkdM:rxøaj´xab´
rEmgR:kd KWR:kd dUcCaCYrénRmamédpg dUcCaCYréneCIgrbg
TwkejIs
pg y¨agenaHÉg .
TwkQam
TwkxÞúH
Twkesøsμ
TwkRbmat´
xYrkñúgk|al
‘citþ-BN(-RTg´RTay-Tis-Okas-briecäT’
Gaharcas´ GaharzμI eBaHev[ntUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH vav ezøIm
k*RBHeyaKI eZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca y¨agNaç sUm|I
ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH .
edaycitþ k*Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRBaHza kar
bnÞab´GMBIenaHmk
Genþvasik
Kb|IeBal
kñúgmutþcäk,;
‘manTwkmURtCaKRmb´R:MmYy’ za ²GsSú vsa exeLa sig¹alika
lsika mutþM
sVaZüayedayvaca k*Cabc©&yénkarsVaZüay edaycitþEdr . kar sVaZüayedaycitþ k*Cabc©&yénkarcak´ZøúHnUvlk¡N; . ‘151’ Baküza ²vNÑeta edayBN(³ KWRBHeyaKI Kb|I
TwkEPñk Twkxøaj´rav Twkmat´ TwksMe:r TwkrMGil
TwkmURt³ dUecñHehIy eBaledaybdielameT[tza ²mutþM lsika
kMNt´BN(énekadðas; ‘cMENk’ TaMgLay mansk´CaedIm . Baküza ²sNðaneta edayRTg´RTay³ KWRBHeyaKI Kb|I
sig¹alika exeLa vsa GsSú emeTa eseTa elahitM bueBVa esmØM bitMþ mtælug<M krIsM óTriyM GnþKuNM GnþM b:ösM bihkM
kMNt´RTg´RTay énekadðasTaMgenaHÉg .
kielamkM yknM hTyM vk,M GdðimiJ¢M GdðI nharU mMsM teca Tnþa
Baküza ²Tiseta edayTis³ GZib|ayza kñúgsrIr;enH
nxa elama eksa TwkmURt TwkrMGil TwksMe:r TwkRbmat´
xagelIp©iteLIgeTA CaTisxagelI xageRkamp©itcuHmk CaTisxag
Twkxøaj´rav TwkEPñk TwkdM:rxøaj´xab´ TwkejIs TwkQam TwkxÞúH
eRkam
Twkesøsμ TwkRbmat´ xYrkñúgk|al Gaharcas´ GaharzμI eBaHev[n
‘man’ kñúgTiseQμaHenH³ .
tUc eBaHev[nZM sYt RkBH vav ezøIm ebHdUg tMrgenam xYrkñúgqÁwg qÁwg srés sac´ Es|k eZμj Rkck eram sk´³ dUecñH .
dgkþI
1ç000 dgkþI
100ç000 dgkþI .
Baküza ²Okaseta
edayOkas³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI
Kb|IkMNt´Okas énekadðasenaH> y¨agenHza ²ekadðasenH fit
Genþvasik Kb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay edayvaca y¨agdUecñH Gs´ eBl 100
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´Tis za ²ekadðasenH
eRBaHza
enAehIy kñúgOkaseQμaHenH³ . Baküza ²briecäTeta edaybriecäT³ GZib|ayza karkMNt´
visuTÆimK< ERb
35
36
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
‘mnsikarekaslü’
BIrKWkarkMNt´nUvcMENkesμIKña1 karkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña1 . bNþakarkMNt´TaMg 2 enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabkarkMNt´nUvcMENk
Gacarü Kb|IR:b´mnsikarekaslü edayvZI 10 y¨ag
esμIKña y¨agenHza ²ekadðasenH KWelak:nkMNt´ehIy eday
dUecñH KW edaylMdab´ edayminel]neBk edayminsnSwmeBk
cMENkeQμaHenH TaMgxageRkam TaMgxagelI TaMgTTwg³ dUecñH .
edaykiriyakarBarnUvesckþIraymay
bNÐit Kb|IRCabkarkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña edayGMNacPaB
edaykarlHbg´nUvlMdab´ edayGb|na nig edaysURtbI .
minlayKña y¨agenHza ²sk´TaMgLay KWminEmnCaeram sUm|I
‘mnsikaredaylMdab´’ bTza ²GnubuBVeta edaylMdab´³ kñúgmnsikarekaslü 10
eramTaMgLay k*minEmnCask´Edr³ dUecñHCatYy¨ag .
‘kic©EdlKYrdwgmunnwgR:b´óK<hekaslü’ ‘152’
edaykarknøgnUvbJ¦tþi
k*ÉGacarü kalR:b´óK<hekaslü edayviZI 7
enaH GZib|ayza kmμdðanenH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ eday lMdab´lMeday cab´edImGMBIkareZVInUvkarsVaZüay minKYreZVITukkñúg
y¨ag dUceBalmkenH Kb|Idwgza ²kmμdðanenH KWRBHmanRBHPaK
citþ edaykarepøaHrMlg 1 eLIy .
Rtas´ehIy
kñúgsURtÉenaH
Tukkñúgcitþ edaykarepøaHrMlg 1 nwgmancitþlM:k rEmgZøak´cuH
Rtas´edayGMNacCaZatu kñúgsURtÉenaH³ ehIyR:b´cuH . Emn
eRBaHkiriyamin:nnUvesckþIrIkray EdlxøÜnRtUv:n edayGMNac
Bit kmμdðanenH kñúgmhastibdðansURt RTg´Rtas´ edayGMNac
énPavnasm|tþi minjúaMgPavnaosMerc eRb[bdUcCabursEdlmin
Carbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg
kñúgmharahu-
Qøasév kaleLIgkan´begÁag mankaM 32 edaykarepøaHrMlg 1
elavaTsURt nig kñúgZatuviPg<sURt RTg´Rtas´ edayGMNacCa
kaM mankaylM:k rEmgZøak´cuH minjúaMgkareLIg o:nsMerc
Zatu .
eLIy k*dUecñaHÉg .
edayGMNacCarbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg
kñúgmhahtæibeTabmsURt
cMENkkñúgkayKtastisURt RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´cMENk
Qan4 eRBaHsMedAykbuK<lEdlekadðasmansk´CaedIm R:kd c|as´ ‘dl´eK’ edayBN( . kñúgkmμdðan 2 y¨agenaH kmμdðan
eRBaHza
kalRBHeyaKIeZVI
‘mnsikaredayminel]neBk’ k*sUm|IRBHeyaKI kaleZVIkarTukkñúgcitþ edaylMdab´ Kb|I
cat´CavibsSnakmμdðan
eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminoel]neBkEdr . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKI
EdlRTg´Rtas´ edayGMNacCarbs´bdikUl cat´Casmzkmμdðan
eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayel]nhYseBk kmμdðan rEmgdl´nUvTIbMputPøam
kmμdðankñúgbdikUlmnsikarbBV;enHnu@H cat´CasmzkmμdðanEmnBit
k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨Enþ kmμdðan minR:kd minnaMKuNviessmko
GacarüKb|IR:b´óK<hekaslüedayviZI7 Ebb dUceBalmkenH .
eRb[bdUcCaburskaledIrpøÚv Gs´cmáay 3 eyaCn¾ min:nkMNt´
EdlRBHGg<Rtas´
edayGMNacCaZatu
visuTÆimK< ERb
37
38
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
nUvkarQancuHeTA nig karlHbg´ ehIyeZVIKmnaKmn¾ sUm|IGs´
Zøak´ç ‘eCIg’ Kb|IPøat´GMBIpøÚvenaH Zøak´cuHeTAkñúgeRCaHEdlmanCeRmA
var; 7 dg edaysnÞúHy¨agel]n pøÚvk*dl´nUvTIbJ©b´ k*BitEmn
100 snÞÚgburs dUecñaHÉg .
ehIy k*bu¨Enþza bursenaH RtUvEtsYrpøÚv ‘eK’ Camunsin swmeTA
Tukkñúgcitþ edaykarkarBaresckþIraymaypg .
k*dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIkarsVaZüay eday minel]nhYseBk .
‘mnsikaredayminsnSwmhYseBk’
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVI
‘mnsikaredayrMlgnUvbJ¦tþi’ bTza ²bNÑtþismtik,mneta edayrMlgnUvbJ¦tþi³ esckþI za bJ¦tþi za ²eksa elama³ dUecñHCaedIm enHNa RBHeyaKavcr
mYyeT[t RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminsnSwmhYs
Kb|IrMlg nUvbJ¦tþienaHehIy tm,l´citþza ²bdikUl³ . dUcCakñúg
eBk eRb[bdUcCaeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayminel]nhYseBk k*y¨agenaH
eBlEdlTwkrk:nedaykRm mnusSTaMgLay eXIjGNþÚgTwk
Edr . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaysnSwmhYseBk
kñúgéRBehIy cgnUvvtæúNamYy mansøwketñatCaedImhñwgÉg TukCa
kmμdðan mindl´nUvTIbMput minCabc©&yo:nseRmcnUvKuNviess
eRK]gsMKal´ kñúgTIenaH ehIyk*mktameRK]gsMKal´enaH gUtpg
dUcCakalbursR:zña edIm|IedIreTAkan´pøÚvRbEvg 3 eyaCn¾ kñúgézá
pwkpgç EtkñúgeBlNa edaykarRtac´eTACaer]y> énmnusSTaMg
enaHÉg enAbEgÁrbgÁg´ kñúgTITaMgLaymanedImeQI PñM nig RsH Ca
LayenaH sñameCIgmnusSEdlmkehIy> rEmgR:kdç kñúgeBl
edIm kñúgcenøaHpøÚvç pøÚvmindl´nUvTIbMput edayBIrbIézá eTIbdl´TI
enaH minmankic©edayeRK]gsMKal´eT[teTç mnusSTaMgLay Etg
bMput dUecñaHÉg .
eTAgUt nig pwkTwk kñúgeBlEdlxøÜnRtUvkarehIy> y¨agNamijç
‘mnsikaredaykarkarBaresckþIraymay’
kalRBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénbJ¦tiþza ²eksa
bTza ²viek¡bb|diBahneta edaykarkarBarnUvesckþIray
elamaÇÇdz dUecñH kñúgcMENkxagedImç PaBCabdikUl rEmgR:kd
may³ esckþIza karEdlcitþlHbg´nUvkmμdðanehIyraymay kñúg
tmk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IrMlgecalnUvbJ¦tþi za ²eksa elama³
GarmμN¾d*Rkas´BÆd*xageRkA RBHeyaKIKb|IkarBar . eRBaHza kal
dUecñHehIy tm,l´citþTuk kñúgPaBCabdikUlEtmüa¨g y¨agenaHÉg .
ebIminkarBareT kalebIesckþIraymay BÆd*xageRkAman kmμdðan
‘mnsikaredaykarlHbg´nUvlMdab´’
rEmgsabsUnü rEmg:t´bg´eTA eRb[bdUcCakalbursedIreTAkan´
bTza ²GnubuBVmuJ©neta edaylHbg´lMdab´³ manesckþI
pøÚvEk|reRCaH CapøÚvedIreTAEteCIgm¡ag minkMNt´eCIgEdlRtUvQan
za ekadðas; ‘cMENk’ Na> minR:kd .
eTA rvl´EtEbremIleTAxagnu@Hpg xagenHpg var;éneCIg rEmgPøat´
lHbg´ecalnUvekadðas;enaH> eQμaHza eZVITukkñúgcitþ
RBHeyaKavcr Gñk edaylH
visuTÆimK< ERb bg´nUvlMdab´ .
39
k*kalGaTikmμikbuK<l eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²eksa³
mnsikar k*eTATl´nwgekadðasTIbMputKW ²mutþM³ enHEtmþg fitenA nig kalRBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mutþM³ mnsikar k*eTATl´ nwgekadðas xagedIm KW ²eksa³ enHdUcKña .
RKaenH kalRBH
eyaKavcrenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ> ekadðasTaMgLayxøH rEmgR:kd
40
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eRK]gjúaMgBaküóbmaodl´RBmenH bNÐitKb|IRCaby¨agenHÉg. enHCaBaküeRK]geRb[beZ[b edayesckþIóbma kñúgGZikarenH . ekadðasTaMgLay 32 kñúgkayenH dUcCaedImetñat 32 edIm kñúgéRBetñat y¨agdUecñaHÉg . citþdUcCastVsVa . RBHeyaKavcr dUcCaRBan .
kiriyaRtac´eTAtamlMdab´ edayGMNac én
ekadðasTaMgLayxøH rEmgminR:kd . ekadðasTaMgLayNa>
GarmμN¾ kñúgkayEdlmancMENk 32 éncitþ rbs´RBHeyaKI dUc
R:kdç RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IeZVIkargar kñúgekadðasTaMgLayenaH>
Cakarrs´enAkñúgéRBetñatEdlmanedImetñat 32 edIm énstVsVa .
rhUtdl´kalekadðasTaMgLayBIr
karEdl
R:kd
bNþaekadðasTaMgBIr
kalRBHeyaKI
cab´epþImR:rBÆeZVITukkñúgcitþza
²eksa³
k*kalRBH
ehIy citþ Rtac´eTAtamlMdab´ fitenA kñúgcMENkCaTIbMputhñwgÉg
eyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþCaer]y> nUvekadðasenaHÉg EdlR:kd
dUcCakarEdl kalRBanyksr:j´søwketñat EdlfitenA xag
ehIyy¨agenH Kb|IjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg:n .
edIm ehIyeZVIsMeLgERsksg¹k sVak*elat elIedImetñatenaH>
enaH ekadðasNamYy R:kdCak´c|as´edayRbéB .
enHCaóbma kñúgkarlHbg´nUvlMdab´enaH eRb[bdUcCanay
ehIyeTAkan´edImetñatCaTIbMput . n&ysUm|IkñúgkarRtLb´vijeT[t
RBan R:zñaedIm|Inwgcab´stVsVa Edlrs´enAkñúgéRBetñat Edlman
k*dUcn&yenHEdr .
karEdl
kalRBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþer]y>
edImetñat 32 edIm yksr:j´søwketñat EdlfitenA xagedIm
nakalekadðas;TaMgLayxøH> R:kdehIy lHbg´ekadðas;TaMg
ehIyeZVInUvsMeLgsg¹kç
kalebIdUecñaH stVsVaenaH k*elateTA
LayEdlminTan´R:kd ehIyeZVInUvbrikmμ kñúgekadðas;TaMgLay
elIedImetñatenaH> tamlMdab´ rhUtelateTAdl´edImetñat CaTI
EdlR:kdehIy dUcCakarEdlstVsVaeTAtamlMdab´ ‘edImetñat’
bMputEtmþgç kalebIedImetñatTaMgenaH RBaneTAeZVIy¨agenaHdEdl
er]y> elateLIgkñúgTIEdlRBanERsksg¹kehIy> . karEdl
kñúgTIenaHç stVsVa k*mkkan´edImetñatxagedIm edayn&yenaHÉg
kalekadðas;TaMgLay 2 R:kdehIy kñúgTIbMput ekadðas;Na
mþgeT[t stVsVaenaH eTAtamlMdab´er]y> y¨agenH elateLIg
R:kdCak´c|as´edaylÁ RBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvekadðas;
kñúgTIEdlRBansg¹k> hñwgÉg lb> eTARkabelIedImetñatmYy
enaHÉger]y> ehIyjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg dUcCakarEdlstV
edIm ehIycab´søwketñatRkBMu Rtg´kNþaledImetñatenaH y¨agmaMlÁ
sVaRkab elIedImetñatmYyedIm tamlMdab´ehIy cab´nUvsøwketñat
eTaHCaRtUvRBan:j´k*minelateLIg y¨agNaç Baküóbemyü Ca
RkBMuRtg´kNþaledImetñatenaH y¨agmaMlÁ eTaHCaRBan:j´
k*min
visuTÆimK< ERb
41
42
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
‘mnsikaredayGb|na’
elateLIg dUecñaHÉg . óbmadéTeT[t eRb[bdUcCaPikú¡GñkmankarRtac´eTAbiNÐ:t
bTza ²Gb|naeta edayGb|na³ KW edayekadðasEdl
CaRbRktI cUleTAGaRs&ynUvRsukmanRtkUl 32 :nPik¡a 2 kñúg
naMoekItGb|na .
pÞHCadMbUghñwgÉg ehIyKb|IlHbg´nUvPik¡a 1 kñúgpÞHxagmux EsÁk
RCabza kñúgekadðasTaMgLay mansk´CaedIm Gb|na man kñúg
eLIg :nPik¡a 3 ehIyKb|IlHbg´nUvPik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHxagmux kñúgézá
ekadðasmYy>³ dUecñH .
TI3 :nPik¡aeBj:Rt kñúgpÞHxagedImenaHÉg eTAkan´Gasnsala
‘153’
enHCaGZib|ay kñúgbTenaH za ²bNÐitKb|I
enHCaGZib|ay kñúgbTza ²k*sURt 3³ enaH sURt
ehIyqan´ y¨agNamijç Baküóbemyü CaeRK]gjúaMgóbma o
3 enH KW ; GZicitþsURt sItiPavsURt eBaCgÄg<ekaslsURt
dl´RBmenH bNÐitKb|IRCab k*y¨agenaHÉg .
RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRCab edIm|IRbkbvIriysmaZi .
k*Gakar; 32 dUc
CaRsukmanRtkUl 32 . RBHeyaKavcr dUcCabiNÐ:tikPikú¡ .
‘GZicitþsURt’
karEdlRBHeyaKavcr eZVIkarbrikmμ nUvGakar; 32 dUcCakarcUl
bNþasURtTaMg 3 enaH sURtenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
eTAenAGaRs&yRsukenaH énPikú¡enaH . karEdl kalRBHeya-
Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvGZicitþehIy RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnimitþ 3 y¨ag kñúg
Kavcr eZVITukkñúgcitþ> lHbg´nUvekadðas;TaMgLay EdlminR:kd
kald*KYr KW RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsmaZinimitþ kñúgkald*KYr 1 RtUv
ehIy eZVInUvkarbrikmμ kñúgekadðas;TaMgLay EdlR:kdehIy>
eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvbK<ahnimitþ kñúgkald*KYr 1 RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþ nUv
rhUtdl´ekadðas;
GñkmankiriyaRtac´eTA
óebk¡animitþ kñúgkald*KYr1 . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkb
biNÐ:tCaRbRktI :nPik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHCadMbUgehIy lHbg´nUvPik¡a1
er]y> nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvsmaZinimitþ EtmYycMENk
kñúgpÞHxagmux nig dUcCakñúgézá TI2 :nnUvPik¡a 3 ehIylHbg´nUv
ehtuenaH Kb|InaMcitþoRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IesckþIxi¢lRcGUs . mñal
Pik¡a 2 kñúgpÞHxagmux .
Pikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
2
dUcCakarEdlPikú¡
karEdl bNþaekadðas;TaMgLay 2
ekadðas;Na R:kdCak´c|as´edaylÁ RBHeyaKavcr eZVITukkñúg
nUvbK<ahnimitþ EtmYycMENk
ehtuenaH Kb|InaMcitþ oRbRBwtþeTA
citþ nUvekadðas;enaHÉger]y> ehIyjúaMgGb|na oekIteLIg dUc
edIm|IesckþIraymay . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GñkRbkber]y>
CakñúgézáTI3 karEdlPikú¡GñkmankarRtac´eTAbiNÐ:tCaRbRktI :n
nUvGZicitþ Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvóebk¡animitþ EtmYycMENk ehtuenaH
nUvPik¡aeBj:Rt kñúgpÞHxagedImhñwgÉg ehIyKg´qan´ elIGasn-
Kb|InaMcitþminotaMgmaM edayRbéB edIm|IkarGs´eTAénGasv;TaMg
sala y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
Lay. mñalPikú¡TaMgLay kalNa Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvGZicitþ rEmg
visuTÆimK< ERb
43
44
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvsmaZinimitþ bK<ahnimitþ óebk¡animitþ kñúgkald*KYr
nUvcitþ edIm|IZm(EdlRtUveZVIoCak´c|as´ edayR:C\ad*ótþm Na>
eTIbcitþenaHk*Tn´ KYrdl´Pavnakmμ CacitþPøWepøk minrwg taMgmaMeday
kalebIehtuman rEmgdl´nUvPaBKYrCabnÞal´ kñúgZm(enaH> edIm|I
RbéB edIm|IGs´eTAénGasv;TaMgLay:n .
eZVIoCak´c|as´ edayR:C\ad*ótþm ‘1’ ³ dUecñH
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
dUcCaCagmaskþI sisSCagmaskþI cat´Ecg:v luHcat´Ecg:vrYc
bNÐit Kb|IRCab
za eQμaHGZicitþsURt .
‘sItiPavsURt’
ehIy k*dutmat´:v luHdutnUvmat´:vrYcehIy k*ykdeg,{bez,{b masdak´ kñúgmat´:v ehIysb´ kñúgkald*KYr bMRBMTwk kñúgkal
sURtenHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡ RbkbRBmedayZm( 6
d*KYr sMLwgemIlkñúgkald*KYr . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ
y¨ag CaGñkKYredIm|IeZVIoCak´c|as´ nUvesckþIRtCak´citþ d*ótþm .
sisSCagmaskIþ Kb|Isb´EtmasenaH mYycMENk ehtuenaH Ca
Zm( 6 y¨ag etIGVIxøH/
ehtueZVIomaseqHrlYyeTA . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ
EdlKYrsg,t´sg,in kñúgeBlNa k*sg,t´sg,incitþ kñúgeBlenaH1
sisSCagmaskIþ bMRBMEtmasenaHedayTwk mYycMENk ehtuenaH
citþEdlKYrp<geLIg kñúgeBlNa k*p<gcitþeLIgkñúgeBlenaH 1 citþ
CaehtueZVIomasRtCak´. mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebICagmaskIþ sisS
EdlKYreZVIorIkray kñúgeBlNa k*eZVIocitþrIkraykñúgeBlenaH 1
CagmaskIþ sMLwgemIlEtmasenaH mYycMENk ehtuenaHCaehtu
citþEdlKYreZVIoRBegIy kñúgeBlNa k*eZVIcitþoRBegIy kñúgeBl
eZVIminomasqÁinsBVsac´:n . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay k*kalNa
enaH 1 CaGñksøúgcuHeTA kñúgZm(d*ézøzøa 1 eRtkGr kñúgRBHniBVan 1ç
CagmaskþI sisSCagmaskþI sb´masenaH kñúgkald*KYr bMRBM
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
edayTwk kñúgkald*KYr sMLwgemIl kñúgkald*KYrehIy eTIbmas
edIm|IeZVIoCak´c|as´ nUvesckþIRtCak´citþd*ótþm ‘2’ ³ dUecñH bNÐit
enaHeTACamasd*Tn´
Kb|IRCabza eQμaHsItiPavsURt .
KYrdl´kargar
Camasmansm|úrPøWepøk
min
RsYy KYrbegÁaneTA edIm|Ikargar edayRbéBpgç ebIeKR:zñaeRK]g
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH
Pikú¡ RbkbedayZm( 6 y¨agenHÉg
citþ
CaGñkKYr
‘eBaCÄg<ekasløsURt’
Rbdab´Ebøk> Na> eTaHCadM:rmaskþI kNÐlkþI eRK]gRbdab´-k
cMENkstþeBaCÄg<sURt EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdg
kþI kRmgmaskþI rEmgseRmcRbeyaCn¾enaH> :n y¨agNamijç
ehIyhñwgÉg kñúgGb|naekasløkza za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay citþ
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
CaZmμCatirYjra kñúgsm&yNa kalenaH CakalminKYr edIm|IcMerIn
Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y>
nUvGZicitþ
RtUveZVITukkñúg
citþenaH rEmgtaMgmaM
nUvbsSTÆieBaCÄg< kñúgsm&yenaH y¨agenHÉgÇÇdz dUecñHCaedIm .
edayRbéB edIm|IkarGs´eTAénGasv;TaMgLayç buK<lbegÁaneTA
1– suÇ GMÇ tiÇ PaK 41 TMB&r 385. 2– GMÇ qÇ PaK 46 TMB&r 309 .
citþnUvnimitþ 3 y¨ag kñúgkald*KYr
.l.
visuTÆimK< ERb
45
46
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
kmμdðan KWRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvóK<hekaslü 7 RbkarenH
EdlZøak´ehIy kñúg‘Ekv’Twk ß EdlZøak´ehIy kñúg‘can’bbr rwt
o:ny¨aglÁehIypg kMNt´mnsikarekaslü 10 RbkarenH
EtKYrNas´eTAeT[t. RBHeyaKI eXIjkñúgeBlEdlsk´exμAehIy
edayRbéBpg tamn&yEdleBalmkenH ehIyKb|Ier[n o:n
Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ za sk´TaMgLayexμAç eXIj kñúgeBlEdlsk´
lÁRbesIr edayGMNacénekaslüTaMgBIrRbkar .
s ehIyKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ za sk´TaMgLay-s .
EtRBHeyaKI
‘eXIj’ kñúgkalénsk´layKña k*Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac
‘munnwgepþImkmμdðan’ k*RbsinNaebIRBHeyaKavcrenaH manesckþIsb|ay kñúg
énsk´Rkas´ . k*RBHeyaKI eXIjkñúgsk´TaMgLayehIykan´yk
vtþEtmYyhñwgÉg CamYynwgGacarüç RBHeyaKacvrenaH k*minRtUv
nUvnimitþ y¨agNaç sUm|Ikñúgekadðas; EdlmanRkck CaKRmb´ 5
oGacarüsMEdgR:b´ edayBisþar y¨agenHeLIy Rbkbkmμdðan
TaMgmUl RKan´EteXIjehIy k*Kb|Ikan´yknimitþ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
er]y> :nnUvKuNviesseRscehIy swmoelakGacarüsMEdg
luHRBHeyaKI kan´yknUvnimitþy¨agenHehIy Kb|IkMNt´nUvcMENk
R:b´ kñúgzñak´x¬s´eLIg> . ‘b¨uEnþ’ RBHeyaKavcr manR:zñacg´enA
TaMgBYgTaMgLay edayGMNacBN( RTg´RTay Tis Okas nig
kñúgTIdéT RtUvoGacarüdMEdgR:b´ o:nBisþar edayviZIdUcEdl
briecäTehIy kMNt´PaBénGakar; za Carbs´bdikUl 5 Rbkar
eyIgeBalmkehIy
edayGMNacénBN( RTg´RTay køin TIenAGaRs&y nig Okas .
ERbRbYler]y>
kat´pþac´nUvTIEdlsgS&y
TaMgGs´ecjehIy lHbg´nUvesnasn; EdlminsmKYr tamn&y Edl:neBalmkehIy
kñúgbfvIksiNnieTÞsÉeNaH
rYcehIy
enAkñúgvtþEdlsmKYr eZVIkarpþac´bg´nUvblieBaZtUctacecalehIy eZVIbrikmμ edaykiriyaeZVITukkñúgcitþCabdikUl . k*RBHeyaKavcr kaleZVI RtUvkan´yknUvnimitþ kñúgsk´TaMg LayCamunsin .
sYrza; RtUvkan´yknUvnimitþ kñúgsk´TaMgLay
Camun y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; RBHeyaKavcr Kb|Idksk´mYy srés ß 2 srés dak´elI:tédehIy kMNt´BN(CadMbUg . kiriyaEdlRBHeyaKI rmilemIlnUvsk´TaMgLay sUm|IkñúgTIénsk´ Edldac´ehIyk*KYr . sUm|IRBHeyaKI rmilemIlnUvsk´TaMgLay
GnubuBVikza kñúgkarkMNt´nUvlk¡N; nig PaBbdikUlenaH kñúgekadðas;TaMgBYgTaMgLay mandUcteTAenH .
‘sk´’ ‘154’ CadMbUg sk´TaMgLay edayBN(CaRbRktI B(N exμA manBN(dUcCaEpøp<aM . edayRTg´RTay Evg mUl manRTg´ RTaydUcCadgénCJ¢Ig . edayTis ekItkñúgTisxagelI . eday Okas elakkMNt´ehIy kñúgxagTaMgLayTaMg 2 tamKum¬Rtec[k TaMgLay xagmux tamTIbMputénzáas´ xageRkay tamkJ©wg-k . Es|kRss´sMrab´eRsabllad¾k|al CaOkasénsk´TaMgLay. edaybriecäT sk´TaMgLay elakkMNt´ehIyxageRkam edayépÞ
visuTÆimK< ERb
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48
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
énb\srbs´xøÜnEdlcUleTAGs´TIRtwmEtcugRsUv kñúgEs|ksMrab´ruM
müa¨geT[t køinénsk´TaMgLay EdlR:scakkartak´Etg
nUvk|alehIytaMgenA xagelI kMNt´ edayGakas TTwg kMNt´
mankarlabeRbg p,a nigZUbCaedIm CakøinEdlbuK<lex¬IméRkeBk.
edaysréssk´CamYyKña .
køinénsk´TaMgLay EdlbuK<ldak´kñúgePøIg CakøinKYrex¬IméRkElg
karkMNt´ edayn&yza ²sk´TaMg
LayBIrsrés minGacman kúñgTICamYyKña:neT³ enH eQμaHza
CagenaHeTAeT[t .
karkMNt´edaycMENkrbs´xøÜn ‘sPaKbriecäT’ . Zmμtask´TaMg
RTay minKYrCarbs´bdikUleLIy bu¨Enþ edaykøin Carbs´bdikUl
Lay Edlelakmin:neZVIolayKña edaycMENk 31 d*ess
hñwgÉg .
TaMgLay y¨agenH za ²sk´TaMgLayminEmneram eramTaMgLay
dUcCarem[t sUm|IedayRTg´RTay k*manRTg´RTay dUcCadMurem[tç
k*minEmnsk´³ dUecñH . karkMNt´enH za ²cMENknu@H CacMENk
mYyeT[t saksBEq,exμAEdlehIme:¨geLIg RtUveKe:HecalelI
edayELk>³ eQμaHza visPaKbriecäT . enHCakarkMNt´ eday
TIkEnøgecalsMram edayBN( manBN(dUcCaetñatTMu edayRTg´
lk¡N; manBN(CaedIm énsk´TaMgLay . ÉenHCakarkMNt´
RTay manRTg´RTaybIdUcCaRTg´RTaysMePar EdleKlHbg´ecal
edaybdikUl 5 Rbkar edayGMNacénlk¡N; manBN(CaedIm
ehIyç sUm|Icg,ÚmTaMgLy énEq,enaH k*manRTg´RTay dUcCap,amøiH
énsk´TaMgLayenaH . Zmμtask´TaMgLayenH Carbs´bdikUl
RkBMu eRBaHehtuenaH lamkénkumar nig saksBénEq,exμATaMgBIr
edayBN(xøH
bdikUl
edayRTg´RTayxøH
bdikUl
edaykøinxøH
bdikUl edayTIenAGaRs&yxøH bdikUl edayOkasxøH . d|itza CnTaMgLay eXIjvtæúGVImYy EdlmanBN(dUcCask´ kñúgPaCn¾ énbbrkþI kñúgPaCn¾én:ykþI sUm|ICaTIKab´citþ ehIyex¬ImreGImza; vtæúenH layedaysk´ cUrGñkTaMgLay naMykvaecjeTA³ . sk´ TaMgLay Carbs´bdikUl edayBN(xøH y¨agenHÉg . müa¨geT[t CnTaMgLaysUm|IbriePaK kñúgevlayb´ TukCa Bal´RtUvehIy nUvsrésénsURt ß ßza nUvsrésénRkecA man RTg´RTaydUcCask´ ehIyex¬ImreGIm y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sk´TaMg Lay Carbs´bdikUl edayRTg´RTay y¨agdUecñHÉg .
EmnBit sk´TaMgLay edayBN( nig RTg´
dUcCalamkénkumarEdlenAekμg edayBN( manB(N
edayBN( nig RTg´RTay minKYrCarbs´bdikUleT bu¨Enþ edaykøin Carbs´bdikUlhñwgÉg y¨agNamijç sUm|Isk´TaMgLay k*y¨ag dUecñaHEdr edayB(N nig RTg´RTay minKYrCarbs´bdikUleT b¨uEnþ edaykøin Carbs´bdikUl BitEmnhñwgÉg . mYyeT[t bEnøCaRbeyaCn¾ dl´sML EdlduHehIy eday karhUrecj énTwkRCaMGMBIRsuk kñúgTIminsÁat CavtæúKYrex¬Im minKYr nwgbriePaK énmnusSGñkRkugTaMgLay y¨agNamijç sUm|Isk´ TaMgLay k*eQμaHza Carbs´KYrex¬Im eRBaHPaBénsk´enaHduHehIy edaykiriyahUrecj énvtæúminsÁat manxÞúH Qam TwkmURt Gahar cas´ Rbmat´ nig esøsμ CaedIm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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enH CaPaBbdikUl edayTIenAGaRs&y énsk´TaMgLayenaH . mYyeT[t Zmμtask´TaMgLayenH duHehIy kñúgKMnr
50
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
EdltaMgenAehIypg
nUv:téd:teCIgTaMgLayecjpg
PaK
én
eRcIn duHehIy kñúgEs|kEdleRsabsrIr;d*ess . edaybriecäT
cMENk 31 dUcbEnøEdlduHehIy kñuúgKMnrénlamkç sk´TaMgenaH
eramTaMgLay elakkMNt´ehIy xageRkam edayb\s rbs´xøÜn
eQμaHza Carbs´KYrex¬Im y¨agéRkElg eRBaHPaBénsk´enaH duH
EdlcUleTA
ehIy kñúgTIEdlminsÁat dUcCabEnøEdlduHehIy kñúgTITaMgLay
ehIytaMgenA xagelI edayOkas xagTTwg kMNt´ edaysr-
manéRBsμsan nig TIecalsMramCaedImpg dUcCap,aQUk nig p,a
éseramKñaÉg .
lMcg´CaedIm EdlduHehIy kñúgTITaMgLayEdlminsÁat mansñam
srés minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³ enH CakarkMNt´nUvcMENk
ePøaHCaedImpg dUecñHÉg .
rbs´xøÜn éneramTaMgLayenaH . kiriyakMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña
enHCaPaBbdikUl edayOkas énsk´
TaMgLayenaH .
Gs´TIRtwmEtmYylixa
kñúgEs|kEdleRsabsrIr;
kiriyakMNt´ edayn&y za ²eramTaMgLay 2
R:kdesμI eday ‘karkMNt´’ sk´dUcKñaEdr .
RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´PaBbdikUl énsk´TaMgLay y¨ag
‘Rkck’
Namijç k*Kb|IkMNt´PaBbdikUl edaycMENk 5 y¨ag eday
Baküza ²RkckTaMgLay³ CaeQμaHénRtbk énRkckTaMg
GMNayénBN( RTg´RTay Tis Okas nig briecäT éncMENkTaMg
Lay 20 . RkckTaMgGs´enaH edayBN( CaBN(-s . eday
BYg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
EtRBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´cMENkTaMgLay
RTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCaRskaRtI . edayTis RkckTaMg
TaMgBYg epSg> Kña edayGMNac ‘lk¡N;KW’ BN( RTg´RTay
Lay duHehIy kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr KW RkckeCIg duHkñúgTisxag
Tis Okas nig briecäT .
eRkam Rkckéd duHkñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas RkckTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIxñgxagcug énRmamédTaMgLay . edaybriecäT
‘eram’ bNþacMENkTaMgLayenaH eramTaMgLay Kb|IkMNt´mun eramtamRbRktI man 90ç000 reNþA
kñúgTisTaMg 3 elakkMNt´ehIy edaysac´xagcugénRmamTaMg
edayBN(RbRktI Caeram
Lay xagkñúg kMNt´edaysac´xñgénRmaméd xageRkA nig xag
manBN(minexμA dUcCask´eT EtCaerammanBN(el]g layexμA
cug kMNt´edayOkas xagTTwg kMNt´edayRkckdUcKña . kar
bnþic . edayRTg´RTay eramTaMgLay mancugOncuH manRTg´
kMNt´ edayn&yza ²RkckTaMgBIr minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³
RTay dUcCab\setñat .
enH CakarkMNt´nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénRkckTaMgLayenaH . Ékar
edayOkas
edayTis eram ekItkñúgTisTaMg 2 .
eramTaMgLay elIkElgnUvOkas énsk´TaMgLay
kMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμI R:kdesμI edaysk´Edr .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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‘eZμj’
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Es|ksm|úrézáNa EdlbuK<lTajmkGMBIsrIr;TaMgmUl CaEs|k
‘155’ Baküza ²eZμjTaMgLay³ KWqÁwgeZμj 32 énbuK<l GñkmaneZμjRKb´RKan´ .
52
sm|úrézá manTMhMbu¨nRKab´BuRTa Es|ksm|úrézáenaH manBN(exμA
eZμjTaMg 32 enaHÉg edayBN( man
BN(sENþk:y nigBN(el]gCaedIm xagelIEs|kenaH . bu¨Enþ
edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTayeRcInRbkar . EmnBit
Es|k edayBN( manBN(-s Etmüa¨g . k*PaBénEs|kenaH Ca
bNþaeZμjTaMgenaH eZμjTaMgLay 4 Rtg´kNþal eZμjCYreRkam
Es|kBN(-s nwgR:kd kalebIEs|ksm|úrézáEdlrlakehIy
mun manRTg´RTaydUcCaRKab´eXøak EdleKtMer[b tamlMdab´ elI
edayvtæúTaMgLay mankarrlak edayGNþatePøIg nigkarRbhar
dMudIsÁit .
edayeRK]gRbharCaedIm . edayRTg´RTay Es|k manRTg´RTay
BN(-s .
TaMgsgxag éneZμjkNþalTaMg 4 enaH eZμjmYy>
manb\smYy mancugmYy manRTg´RTaydUcCap,amøiHRkBMu . bnÞab´
dUcsrIr;Edr . enHCaesckþIseg¡b kñúgGZikarénRTg´RTayenH .
mk eZμjmYy> manb\s 2 mancug 2 manRTg´RTay dUcCaeQI
‘sNðanEs|kepSg>’
Tl´reTH .
bnÞab´BIenaH eZμjTaMgLayBIr> manb\s 3 mancug
EtebIeBaledayBisþar
Es|kénRmameCIg
manRTg´RTay
bnÞab´BIenaH eZμjTaMgLayBIr> manb\s 4 mancug 4
dUcCasMbukdg,Úvnag . Es|kxñgeCIg manRTg´RTay dUcCaEs|k
dUecñHÉg . sUm|IkñúgCYreZμjxagelI k*mann&ydUecñHEdr . eday
eCIgEkgecaT . Es|ksμg manRTg´RTay dUcCasøwketñatx©b´:y
Tis eZμjTaMgenaH duHehIykñúgTisxagelI .
edayOkas eZμj
Es|kePøA manRTg´RTaydUczg´Evg EdleBjeTAedayGg,r Es|k
TaMgenaH taMgenAehIy Rtg´qÁwgcg,aTaMg 2 .
edaybriecäT eZμj
RtKak manRTg´RTaydUcCasMBt´tRmg EdleBjedayTwk Es|k
TaMgenaH elakkMNt´ehIy xageRkam edayb\srbs´xøÜn Edl
xñg manRTg´RTaydUcCaEs|kEdleRsabbnÞHkþar Es|keBaH man
taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgcg,a xagelI kMNt´edayOkas xagTTwg
RTg´RTaydUcCaEs|k EdleKBassñÚkBiN Es|kRTUg PaKeRcIn
kMNt´ edayKña nig Kña .
manRTg´RTayragbYnRCug Es|keCIgédTaMgBIr manRTg´RTaydUcCa
3 .
kiriyakMNt´ edayn&y za ²eZμjTaMg
Lay 2 minman kñúgTICamYyKña:neT³ enHCakarkMNt´nUvcMENk
Es|kEdleKeRsabnUvsøabZñÚ
rbs´xøÜn éneZμjTaMgenaH .
eRsamkaMbiTekarxøH
ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña
R:kdesμI edaysk´enaHÉg .
‘Es|k’ Baküza ²Es|k³ KW Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUlfitenA .
Es|kxñgéd
manRTg´RTaydUcCa
manRTg´RTaydUcCaExlxøH
Es|kénRmaméd
manRTg´RTaydUcCaeRsamkUnesa Es|k-k manRTg´RTaydUcCa kGav Es|kmuxmanRbehagtUc-ZM manRTg´RTaydUcsMbukkNþÚb Es|kk|al manRTg´RTaydUcCaesøak:Rt dUecñHÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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‘viZIkMNt´Es|k’
54
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
briecäT xageRkam kMNt´ehIy edayépÞEdltaMgenAehIy xag
k*ÉRBHeyaKavcr GñkkMNt´Es|k Kb|IbJ¢ÚnjaN man
elI kMNt´ehIy edayGakas .
enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENk
mux eTAxagelI cab´edImGMBIbbUrmat´xagelIeTA ehIykMNt´ nUv
rbs´xøÜn énEs|kenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd
Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆmuxehIytaMgenA mundMbUgbgÁs´ bnÞab´GMBIenaHmk
esμI edaysk´Edr .
Kb|IkMNt´Es|kénqÁwgzáas
bnÞab´GMBIenaH RBHeyaKI kalbJ¢Ún
‘sac´’ ‘156’
jaNeTA tamcenøaHqÁwgk|al nig Es|kk|al dUcCabuK<llUkéd
Baküza ²sac´³ KWsac´ 900 duM . sac´TaMgGs´
eTA tamcenøaHén:Rt EdlbuK<lRckehIy kñúgesøak nig tam
enaHÉg edayBN( Rkhm RbEhlKñanwgp,acar. edayRTg´RTay
cenøaHénesøak y¨agdUecñaHEdr ehIyEjknUvPaBénEs|kCab´KñaEt
sac´kMPYneCIg manRTg´RTaydUcCa:y EdleKx©b´ehIy eday
mYy CamYynwgqÁwg Kb|IkMNt´Es|kk|al bnÞab´BIenaH RBHeyaKI
søwketñat . sac´RTUg manRTg´RTay dUcCakUnzμsMel[gkaMbit .
Kb|IkMNt´Es|k-k
sac´RtKak manRTg´RTaydUcCaeXñaHeCIgRkan . sac´xñgmanRTg´
tGMBIenaH Kb|IkMNt´Es|kédxagsþaM eday
Gnuelam nig bdielam
kalebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKI Kb|I
kMNt´Es|kédxageqVg tamn&yenaHdUcKña
RTaydUcCaEpnéns,retñat . sac´RbCMuénqÁwgCMnIrBIrmanRTg´RTay
tGMBIenaH Kb|IkMNt´
dUcCakarlabedaydIsÁitd*esþIg Rtg´épÞénCRguk . sac´edaH man
Es|kxñgenaHehIy kMNt´Es|keCIgxagsþaM edayGnuelam nig
RTg´RTay dUcCaduMéndIsÁit EdlbuK<lsUnüehIyBüÜrTuk . sac´
bdielam
RbCMuénedImédTaMgBIr
kalebImanRbkardUecñaH
eCIgxageqVg tamn&yenaHdUcKña
RBHeyaKI
Kb|IkMNt´Es|k
tGMBIenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´
manRTg´RTaydUcCakNþúrd*ZM
EdlbuK<leZVICaBIrCan´ehIy tMkl´Tuk .
minmanEs|k
kalRBHeyaKI kMNt´
Es|kRkBHbsSav; Es|keBaH Es|kebHdUg nig Es|k-k tam
nUvsac´d*eRKatRKat> y¨agenH sUm|Isac´d*lÁit k*rEmgR:kd .
lMdab´hñwgÉg kalebImanRbkardUecñaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´ nUv
edayTis sac´enaH ekItehIy kñúgTisTaMg 2 . edayOkas
Es|kcg,a
rYcehIy
sac´ EGbnUvqÁwg 300 kMNat´ minelIs ehIyfitenA . eday
júaMgTIbMputénbbUrmat´xageRkam odl´ehIyoseRmc . kal
briecäT xageRkam elakkMNt´ehIy edayépÞEdltaMgenAehIy
RBHeyaKI kMNt´nUvEs|kd*eRKatRKat> y¨agenH sUm|IEs|k d*
kñúgeRKagqÁwg xagelI kMNt´ehIy edayEs|k TTwg kMNt´ehIy
lÁit k*rEmgR:kd . edayTis Es|kekItehIykñúgTisTaMgLay
edaysac´dUcKña . enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énsac´
BIr . edayOkas Es|krMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUlehIytaMgenA . eday
enaH .
EdlmanxageRkam
kñúglMdab´GMBIEs|k-k
ÉkiriyakMNt´cMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
visuTÆimK< ERb
55
‘srés’
56
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
TaMgLay Rtg´xñgéd nig xñgeCIgTaMgLay manRTg´RTay dUcCa
Baküza ²srés³ :ndl´ srés 9 ry .
edayB(N
eCIgstVsøab . srésTaMgLay elIk|al manRTg´RTay dUcCa
srésTaMgGs´ CaBN(-s . edayRTg´RTay srésTaMgLay
sMNaj´elIk|al énTarkTaMgLay . srésTaMgLay Rtg´xñg
manRTg´RTayepSg> . EmnBit bNþasrésTaMgenaH srésZM
manRTg´RTay dUcCasMNaj´TTwk EdleKRtdag BÆd*kMedAézá .
TaMgLay EdlrYmrwtnUvsrIr; cab´edImGMBIEpñkxagelI én k qøg
srésTaMgLay EdleTAtamGvyv; tUc-ZM enaH> d*ess man
cuHehIy tamEpñkxagmux ‘man’ 5ç srésZMTaMgLay tamEpñk
RTg´RTay dUcCaGavERsH EdleKBak´ehIy elIsrIr; . eday
xageRkay 5ç tamEpñkxagsþaM k* 5ç tamEpñkxageqVg k* 5ç
Tis srésTaMgLay ekItehIy kñuúgTisTaMgBIr . edayOkas
srésZMTaMgLay
tamEpñkxagmux
srésTaMgLay cgnUvqÁwgTaMgLay kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl fitenA .
srésZMTaMgLay
edaybriecäT xageRkam elakkMNt´ehIy edayépÞEdlvataMgenA
sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUvédxageqVg k*dUcKñaEdrç sUm|IEdlrYmrwt nUveCIg
ehIy xagelI énqÁwg 300 kMNat´ xagelI kMNt´ehIy eday
xagsþaM tamEpñkxagmuxéneCIg k* 5ç tamEpñkxageRkayeCIg k*
RbeTsEdlvafitenA Tl´nwgsac´ nig Es|kTaMgLay . TTwg
5ç srésZMTaMgLay sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUveCIgxageqVg k*dUecñaHEdr
kMNt´ edaysrésdUcKña .
y¨agdUecñHÉg srésZMTaMgLay 60 eQμaHza srésRTRTg´ nUv
xøÜn énsrésenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI
srIr; rYmrwtnUvkay qøgcuHehIy . srésTaMgLayNa Edl
edaysk´Edr .
sUm|IEdlrYmrwtnUvédxagsþaM
énéd k* 5ç tamEpñkxageRkay énéd k* 5ç
elakehAza srésBYr dUecñHk*manç sUm|IsrésTaMgGs´enaH man
enH CakiriyakMNt´nUvcMENk rbs´
‘qÁwg’
RTg´RTaydUcCalMBg´énedImrun . cMENkxagsrésTaMgLaydéT
Baküza ²qÁwgTaMgLay³ KWelIkElgEtqwÁgeZμj 32 ecj
RKbsg,t´ nUvRbeTsenaH> ehIyfitenA . srésTaMgLayEdl
qÁwgd*ess mancMnYn 300 y¨agdUecñH KW qÁwgédTaMgLay 64 qÁwg
lÁit edayviessCagsrésenaH manRTg´RTaydUcCaExSGMe:H .
eCIgTaMgLay 64 qÁwgTn´TaMgLayEdlGaRs&ynUvsac´ 64 qÁwg
srésTaMgLay déTeT[t EdllÁitedayviessCagsrésenaH
EkgTaMgLay 2 Rtg´eCIgnimYy> qÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLayBIr > qÁwg
manRTg´RTay dUcCavløi¾epamhñwgÉg . srésTaMgLaydéT lÁit
sμgTaMgLay 2 qwÁgCg<g´ 1 qwÁgePøA 1 qÁwg ceg,H 2 qÁwgRTnugxñg
edayviessCagsrésenaH manRTg´RTay dUcCaExSBiNd*ZM .
TaMgLay 18 qÁwgCMnIrTaMgLay 24 qwÁgRTUgTaMgLay 14 qwÁg
srésTaMgLaydéT manRTg´RTay dUcCaGMe:Hezøas . srés
ebHdUg 1 qwÁgdgkaMbitTaMgLay 2
qwÁgc|ak´TaMgLay 2 qwÁg
visuTÆimK< ERb
57
58
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
edImédTaMgLay 2 qwÁgcugedImédBIr > qwÁg-k 7 qÁwgcg,a 2 qwÁg
edayELk manRTg´RTaydUcCaRkcab´Cagmas . qwÁgRtKakEdl
RcmuH 1 qwÁgEPñk 2 qwÁgsøwkRtec[k 2 qwÁgzáas 1 qwÁgbegØIy 1
taMgenA
qwÁgGMEbgk|al 9 .
cab´ eZVIomanmuxcuHeRkamehIy manRbehagtUc-ZM kñúgTI 7 ß 8
qwÁgTaMgGs´enaH edayBN( KWBN(-s . edayRTg´RTay qÁwgTaMgLay manRTg´RTayepSg> .
Rtg´xagcug
manRTg´RTaydUcCaBBarBs´
EdlbuK<l
kEnøg . qwÁgRTnugxñgTaMgLay BÆd*xagkñúg manRTg´RTaydUcCaduM
EmnBit bNþaqwÁgTaMgenaH
énpÞaMgsMNPk´ EdlbuK<ldak´xagelI> xageRkA manRTg´RTay
qwÁgRmaméncugeCIgTaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUcCaRKab´QUk . qwÁg
dUcCaExSlYsEdlmUl . kñúgcenøaH> énqÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgenaH qwÁg
zñaMgRtg´kNþal lMdab´GMBIqwÁgRmameCIgenaH manRTg´RTaydUcCa
RTnugxñgBIrbIR:kdesμIedayeZμjrNar . bNþaqwÁgCMnIrTaMgLay
RKab´xñúr . qwÁgzñaMgRtg´Kl´ manRTg´RTaydUcCaxøúy . qwÁgxñgeCIg
24 qwÁgCMnIrEdlmineBj manRTg´RTaydUcCakeNþ{vEqb qÁwgCMnIr
TaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUcCaKMnrénb\srunEdleKdMehIy . qwÁg
TaMgLayEdleBj
Ekg manRTg´RTaydUcCaRKab´Epøetñat manRKab´mYy . qwÁgEPñkeKa
Gs´ manRTg´RTaydUcCasøabkagénman´-s . qwÁg®TUgTaMgLay
manRTg´RTaydUcCaEpøGg<új sMrab´elgEdleKcgehIy . TIén
14 manRTg´RTaydUcCaERKEsñgsøabRKuDcas´ . qwÁgebHdUg man
qwÁgsμgTaMgLay EdltaMgenAehIy elIqwÁgEPñkeKaTaMgLay man
RTg´RTaydUcCaEpøEvk . qwÁgdgkaMbitTaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUc
RTg´RTaydUcCalMBg´epþA EdlbuK<lsksMbkecjehIy . qwÁg
CadgkaMbittUc Cavikar;énelah; . qwÁgc|ak´TaMgLay manRTg´
sμgtUc manRTg´RTaydUcCadgZñÚtUc . qwÁgsμgZM manRTg´RTay
RTay dUcCacbkab´énsIhL; EdlEqbehIymYycMeh[g . qwÁg
dUcCaxñgBs´s<m . qwÁgCg<g´ manRTg´RTaydUcBBuHTwkEqbm¡ag .
edImédTaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUcCaRkbénkJ©k´ . qwÁgcugénedIm
TIénqwÁgsμgEdltaMgenAehIy elIqwÁgCg<g´TaMgLayenaH manRTg´
édTaMgLay manRTg´RTaydUcCab\setñatTaMgKU . qwÁgénkédTaMg
RTaydUcCaEsñgeKa Edlmancugdac´tμilehIy . qwÁgePøA manRTg´
Lay manRTg´RTaydUcCadMu énbnÞHsMNPk´ EdlbuK<lrMlay
RTaydUcdgkaMbit nig b¨UvezA EdleKRcasehIymin:nsÁat .
kñúgTICamYyKñaehIytMkl´Tuk . qwÁgxñgédTaMgLay manRTg´RTay
TItaMgénqwÁgePøAenaH taMgenAehIy Rtg´qwÁgceg,H manRTg´RTaydUc
dUcCaKMnr énb\srun EdleKdMehIy . qÁwgzñaMg énKl´RmamédTaMg
CaEpøGg<újsMrab´elg . TIénqwÁgceg,HEdlqwÁgePøAenaHtaMgenA man
Lay manRTg´RTaydUcCaxøúy . qwÁgRtg´zñaMgkNþalTaMgLay
RTg´RTaydUcCaEpøRkUc EdleKcitehIyRtg´k|al . qwÁgceg,HTaMg
manRTg´RTay dUcCaRKab´xñúrEqb . qwÁgRtg´zñaMgxagcugTaMgLay
Lay 2 Cab´KñaEtmYy manRTg´RTaydUcCac®g,ansμÚnqñaMg
manRTg´RTaydUcCaRKab´QUk . qÁwg-k TaMgLay 7 kg´ manRTg´
epSg
manRTg´RTaydUckeNþ{veBjç
qwÁgCMnIrTaMg
visuTÆimK< ERb
59
60
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RTaydUcCakg´énTMBaMg EdlbuK<ledat edaykMNat´eQI ehIy
qÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLay
tMkl´Tuk tamlMdab´ .
qwÁgcg,a xageRkam manRTg´RTaydUcCa
edaybriecäT xagkñúg elakkMNt´ehIy edayxYrkñúgqÁwg xagelI
Rkcab´EdkénBYkCagmas . qwÁgcg,a xagelI manRTg´RTay dUc
kMNt´ edaysac´ Rtg´cug nig Rtg´Kl´ kMNt´ edayqÁwgdUcKña .
CakaMbitsMrab´lYsnUvGMeBA . qwÁgRbehagEPñk nig RbehagRcmuH
enH CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énqÁwgTaMgenaH . Ékiriya
TaMgLay
kMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
manRTg´RTaydUcCaRKab´etñatx©I
RtUveKyksac´ecj
taMgenAehIy
elIqÁwgxñgeCIgTaMgLay
.
‘xYrkúñgqwÁg’
Gs´ehIy . qwÁgzáas manRTg´RTaydUcCaGMEbgénsMbkxügEdl eKp,ab´ehIy tMkl´Tuk . qwÁgKum¬Rtec[kTaMgLay manRTg´RTay
Baküza ²xYrkñúgqÁwg³ KW xYrEdltaMgenAehIy xagkúñugénqÁwg
dUcCaeRsamkaMbitekar énxμan´RBHeks . qwÁg kñúgOkasEdlCab´
TaMgLayenaH> . xYrkñúgqÁwgenaH edayBN( CaBN(-s . eday
Kña BÆd*xagelI énzáas nig Kum¬Rtec[kTaMgLay manRTg´RTay
RTg´RTay xYrkñúgqÁwgenaH taMgenA xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLayZM> man
dUcCaekÁgénkÁmmanTwkeBj EdlbuK<lp,ab´cuHehIy . qwÁgbegØIy
RTg´RTaydUcCacugepþAd*ZM EdlbuK<leralehIydak´cUl kñúgbMBg´
manRTg´RTay dUcCallad¾Evk Edlmanmat´p,ab´ehIy . qwÁg
b\sSI taMgenAehIy xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLaytUc> manRTg´RTay
k|alTaMgLay
dUcCacugepþAd*tUc EdleKeralehIy dak´cUleTA kñúgzñaMg énb\sSI
manRTg´RTaydUcCallad¾eXøakcas´
EdleK
TaMgLay . edayTis xYrkñúgqÁwg ekItehIy kñúgTisTaMgBIr .
edrehIy tMkl´Tuk . edayTis qwÁgTaMgLay ekItehIykñúgTisTaMgBIr . eday
edayOkas xYrkñúgqÁwg taMgenAehIy BÆd*xagkñuúgénqÁwgTaMgLay .
Okas qÁwgTaMgLay taMgenAehIy kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl edaymin
edaybriecäT elakkMNt´ehIy edayépÞxagkñúgénqÁwgTaMgLay .
EbøkKña . bu¨EnþedayesckþIEbøkKña bNþaqÁwgTaMgLaynu@H qÁwgk|al
enH CakiriyakMNt´nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxYrkñúgqÁwgenaH . Ékiriya
taMgenAehIy Rtg´qÁwg-k TaMgLay .
kMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
qÁwg-k TaMgLay taMgenA
‘tMrgbsSav;’
ehIy elIqÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgLay . qÁwgRTnugxñgTaMgLay taMgenA ehIy elIqÁwgceg,HTaMgLay . qÁwgceg,HTaMgLay taMgenAehIy
‘157’
Baküza ²vk,M tMrgbsSav;³ KW dMusac´TaMgLay 2
elIqÁwgePøATaMgLay. qÁwgePøATaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgCg<g´
manTgEtmYy . tMrgbsSav;enaH edayBN( manBN(RkhmTn´
TaMgLay
dUcBN(RKab´rlYs:y . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCa
.
qÁwgCg<g´TaMgLay
taMgenAehIy
elIqÁwgsμgTaMg
Lay qÁwgsμgTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIqÁwgEPñkeKaTaMgLay .
RKab´EpøGg<újsMrab´elgTaMgKU énekμgTaMgLay ß
ßza manRTg´
visuTÆimK< ERb
61
62
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RTaydUcCaEpøsVayERBk EdlCab´enAnwgTgEtmYy . edayTis
mnusSsTÆacrit CaQammanBN(dUcCap,akNiÑkar sMrab´mnusS
ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas tMrgbsSav;enaH Ca
bJ¦acrit CaQamminlÁk´ sÁat zøa s brisuTÆ ß manBnøÅR:kd
ZmμCatCab´CamYyKña edaysrésd*ezøas Edlel[necjmkGMBI
dUcCaEkvmNICati EdlbuK<lécñehIy . edayTis ebHdUgenaH
bMBg´-k ehIyeTAbnþic edayKl´EtmYy ehIyEbkeTACaBIr ruMB&TÆ
ekItehIykñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas ebHdUgenaH fitenAehIy
sac´énebHdUg ehIyfitenA .
Rtg´kNþal énedaHTaMgLayBIr xagkñúgénsrIr; . edaybriecäT
edaybriecäT tMrgbsSav; elak
kMNt´ehIy edaycMENkéntMrgbsSav; . enH CakiriyakMNt´
ebHdUg elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénebHdUg .
nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn éntMrgbsSav;enaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´nUvcMENk
kMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énebHdUgenaH .
minesμIKña R:kdesμI edaysk´Edr .
cMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edaysk´Edr .
‘ebHdUg’
enHCakiriya
ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUv
‘ezøIm’
Baküza ²ebHdUg³ KWsac´ebHdUg . sac´ebHdUgenaH eday
Baküza ²ezøIm³ KW dM:rénsac´TaMgKU . edayBN( ezøIm
BN( CaBN(Rkhm manBN(dUcCaBN(xñgRtbkQUk . eday
enaH manBN(Rkhm RbkbedayZatumanBN(el]g CaBN(min
RTg´RTay ebHdUgenaH manRTg´RTaydUcCaRkBMup,aQUk EdleKbk
RkhméRkeBk manBN(dUcCaxñg énRtbkp,aQUkRkhm . eday
nUvsMbkxageRkATaMgLay ecjehIytMkl´Tuk omanmuxeTAxag
RTg´RTay Rtg´Kl´ mYyduM Rtg´cugCaKU manRTg´RTay dUcCasøwk
eRkam manxageRkArlIg xagkñuúg dUcCaxagkñúgénEpønenag sMrab´
rlYspÁúg . mYyeT[t ezøImenaH sMrab´mnusSlág´TaMgLay Ca
buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanR:C\a rIkbnþic sMrab´buK<lTaMgLay Gñk
ZmμCatZM manEtmYyKt´bu¨eNÑaHÉg . sMrab´mnusS manbJ¦aTaMg
manR:C\aTn´ ekþabeTAvijhñwgÉg . mYyeT[t xagkñúgebHdUgenaH
Lay CadMutUc> manBIr ß bI k*man .
manreNþA
énQam
ehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas ezøImenaH taMgenAehIy
RbmaNknøHTUkéd EdlmenaZatu nig menaviJ¦aNZatu GaRs&y
GaRs&ynUvEpñkxagsþaM xagkñúgénedaHTaMgBIr . edaybriecäT ezøIm
ehIyRbRBwtþeTAç k*QamenHenaH sMrab´mnusSraKcrit CaQam
elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénezøIm . enH CakiriyakMNt´ nUv
BN(Rkhm
cMENkrbs´xøÜn énezøImenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña
TMhMGacdak´RKab´busSnaK:n
sRmab´mnusSeTascrit
CaTIdk´enA
CaQamBN(exμA
sMrab´
mnusSemahcrit CaQamBN(dUcCaTwksMrab´lagsac´ sRmab´ mnusSvitk,crit
CaQammanBN( dUcCasac´BBayRCug sMrab´
R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘vav’
edayTis ezøImenaH ekIt
visuTÆimK< ERb ‘158’
63
Baküza ²vav³ :ndl´ sac´sRmab´ruMB&TÆ man 2
64
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘sYt’
y¨ag edayRbePTEdlbiT:Mg nig minbiT:Mg . vavTaMgBIrenaH Ég edayBN( CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCakMNat´sMBt´BIrCan´ .
Baküza ²sYt³ KWsac´sYtmanRbePT 32 kMNat´ . sYt
edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCaOkasrbs´xøÜn . edayTis
enaH edayBN( CaBN(Rkhm manRTg´RTaydUcCaEpøóTum¬r Edl
vavEdlbiT:Mg ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI vaveRkAenH ekItehIy
enARsKal . edayRTg´RTay sYtenaH manRTg´RTaydUcCaduMénnM
kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr .
d*Rkas´
edayOkas vavEdlbiT:Mg biT:MgnUv
EdleKkat´ehIyminesμI
vaminmanrsCat
minmanOCa
ebHdUg nig tMrgbsSav;ehIytaMgenAç vavEdlminbiT:Mg ruMB&TÆnUv
dUcCadMu énsøwkeQIEdlbuK<lTMBaehIy eRBaHPaBénsYtenaH Ca
sac´ GMBITIxageRkaménEs|k kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIytaMgenA .
vtæúEdlcMhayéneteCaZatuEdlekItGMBIkmμ puseLIgehIy kMcat´
edaybriecäT xageRkam elakkMNt´ehIy edaysac´ xagelI
bg´ecal eRBaHBÆd*xagkñúg vaminmanvtæúEdlRtUvsIucUleTA nig vtæú
kMNt´edayEs|k TTwg kMNt´ edaycMENkénvav .
enHKWCa
EdlRtUvpwkcUleTAeLIy . edayTis sYt ekItehIy kñúgTis
rIÉkiriyakMNt´
xagelI . edayOkas sYtenaH biT:MgnUvebHdUg nig ezøIm xag
kiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énvavenaH . nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘RkBH’ Baküza ²RkBH³ :ndl´ sac´manRTg´RTaydUcCaGNþat kñúgeBaH . RkBHenaH edayBN( CaBN(ex[v manBN(dUcCap,a edImKnÞIs . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCaGNþatkUneKa
elI ehIytaMgenAsMyugcuH Rtg´cenøaH énedaHTaMgBIr BÆd*xagkñúg énsrIr; . edaybriecäT sYt elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENk énsYt . enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énsYtenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘eBaHev[nZM’
exμA manTgRbEvg 7 Zñab´ . edayTis RkBHenaH ekItehIy kñúg
Baküza ²eBaHev[nZM³ :ndl´ ExSeBaHev[nZM rbs´mnusS
TisxagelI . edayOkas RkBHenaH fitenAGaRs&ynUvxagCaTI
RbusmanRbEvg 32 htæ rbs´®sþI manRbEvg 28 htæ bt´ev[n
bMput éndM:reBaH kñuúgEpñkxageqVgénebHdUg . kalebIRkBHel[n
cuHeLIg kñúgTITaMgLay 21 pñt´ .
ecjmkxageRkA eRBaHkarRbharedayeRK]gRbharehIy stVTaMg
CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCakMe:r layedayRkYs . edayRTg´
Lay k*nwgGs´CIvit . edaybriecäT elakkMNt´ edaycMENk
RTay eBaHev[nZM manRTg´RTaydUcCaBs´ Edldac´k|al RtUveK
énRkBH .
bMeBnehIy tMkl´Tuk kñúgsñÚkénQam .
enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énRkBHenaH .
eBaHev[nZMenHenaH edayB(N
edayTis ekItehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
65
66
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas eBaHev[nZM taMgenA xagkñúg
vtæúEdlbuK<lsuI pwk TMBasIu nig liD manenA kñúgeBaH
srIr; kñúgTIbMputénbMBg´-k nig pøÚvénkrIs; eRBaHxagelIeBaHev[n
eQμaHza GaharzμI . GaharzμIenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCa
ZMenaH Cab´enARtg´bMBg´-k pg xageRkam Rtg´pøÚvénkrIs;pg .
Gahar EdlelbcUleTA . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCa
edaybriecäT elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkéneBaHev[nZM . enH
Gg,r EdlbuK<levcehIyy¨agZUr kñúgsMBt´tMrgTwk . edayTis
CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn éneBaHev[nZMenaH .
taMgenA kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas fitenA kñúgeBaH .
Ékiriya
kMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘eBaHev[ntUc’ ‘159’
‘eBaH’ eQμaHza eBaH KWGvyv;EdlruMB&TÆnUgeBaHev[nZM R:kdesμI
Baküza ²eBaHev[ntUc³ KWeBaHev[nCaeRK]gcg kñúg
edaykare:¨gEdlekItRBm Rtg´kNþalénsMBt´TTwk EdlbuK<l
TIéncgVayeBaHev[nZMTaMgLy . eBaHev[ntUcenaH edayBN( Ca
rYmxagTaMgBIr xageRkA rlIg xagkñúg R:kdesμIedaysMBt´Edl
BN(-s manBN(dUcCab\séncg,úlNI . edayRTg´RTay man
x©b´nUvTwkrdUv RbLak´edayeRK]grMunUvkaksac´ kareBalza ² ‘xag
RTg´RTaydUcCab\séncg,úlNIhñwgÉg . edayTis ekItehIykñúg
kñúgóTrenaH’ R:kdesμIedayxagkñúg énsMbkxñúrEdlsÁúy³ dUecñH
TisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas eBaHev[nTUcenaH cgehIy nUv
xøH k*KYr . dg,ÚvTaMgLay man 32 hÚVg manCaGaTi¾ y¨agenHdUecñH
cgVayeBaHev[nZM
omanTIbMputxagcug kñúgTICamYyKña dUcCaExS
KW dg,ÚvTaMgLay eQμaHtek,adk; 1 eQμaHKNÐúb|aTk; 1 eQμaH
énynþcgnUvEpnkþar énynþTaMgLay kñúgeBlEdlBYkCag eZVIkic©
talhIrk; 1 eQμaHsUcimuxk; 1 eQμaHbdtnþÚ 1 eQμaHsutþk;1
karTaMgLay mankargarkab´edaycb nig bU¨vezACaedIm TajnUv
CastVBBak´BBUnelIKña eRtceTACaBYk> enAGaRs&ykñúgeBaHç BYk
ynþ taMgenAehIy kñúgcenøaH éncgVayeBaHev[nZMTaMg 21 cgVay
dg,Úv kalebIvtæúman:y nig TwkCaedIm minman k*ke®J¢aleLIg
dUcCaExStUcEdledrnUveBaHev[nZMenaH kñúgcenøaHénmNÐl RTnab´
ERskCJ¢k´nUvsac´ebHdUg nig kñúgeBlEdlbuK<lelb nUvGahar
sMrab´CUteCIgy¨agenaHÉg ehIytaMgenA . edaybriecäT eBaHev[n
manTwk nig ePaCnCaedImcUleTA vamanmat´eTA BÆd*xagelI rvIm
TUcenaH elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkéneBaHev[nTUc . enHCa
rvam CEJ¢gKña nUvBMnUtBIrbIBMnUt EdlbuK<lelbcUleTA CadMbUgç
kiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn éneBaHev[ntUcenaH . Ékiriya
eBaH dUcCapÞHCaTIekIt Cavc©kudi CamnÞIreBTü nig CaéRBsμsan
kMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edaysk´Edr .
rbs´dg,ÚvTaMgLayenaHç kñúgeBaH vtæúmanTwk nig ePaCnCaedImman
‘GaharzμI’
RbkarepSg> EdlGERgKWeZμjlMGitehIy Edléd KWGNþatpat´
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RbmUlehIy B&nÆB&TÆehIyedaydMuTwkmat´ kñuúgxN;enaH vaCarbs´
Cars ehIycUleTA TMnukbMrugnUvvtæúmanQam nig sac´CaedIm .
dl´RBmedayvtæúmanBN( køin nig rsCaedIm eTAR:sehIy dUc
edaybriecäT eBaHenaH elakkMNt´ehIy edaydM:réneBaHhñwg
Twk:yénCagtm|aj nig kMGYtEqÁ Zøak´cuHehIy CavtæúruMB&TÆeday
Ég nig edaycMENkénGaharzμIpgEdr .
Rbmat´ esøsμ nig xül´ CavtæúBuHehIy edaykMLaMg énkMedAePøIg
cMENkrbs´xøÜn éneBaHenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña
kñúgeBaH vwkvr edayhVÚgdg,Úv beJ©jnUvBBuH nig kMeBjTaMgLay
R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
enH CakiriyakMNt´nUv
‘Gaharcas´’
BÆd*xagelI> dl´nUvPav;CakaksMNl´EdlmankøinGaRkk´ nig KYr ex¬IméRkeBk fitenA ‘kñúgeBaH’ manóbmadUcCa kalebIePø{g man
óc©ar; eQμaHza Gaharcas´ . Gaharcas´enaH edayB(N
RKab´d*ezøas bgÁúrcuH kñúgniTaXsm&y‘rdUvekþA’ CasaksBepSg>
manBN(dUcCaGahar EdlbuK<lelbcUleTAehIyhñwgÉg eday
cab´edImGMBImURt krIs; kMNat´Es|k kMNat´qÁwg kMNat´srés
eRcIn . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCaOkas . edayTis
Twkmat´ TwksMe:r nig Qam
KWTwkbnSat´mk Zøak´cuH kñúgreNþA
ekItehIy kñúgTisxageRkam . edayOkas fitenAehIykñúgRkBH
RCaM Ek|rTVarRsukénmnusScNÐal RbLÚkRbLak´ehIy edayPk´
énGaharcas´ . eQμaHza RkBHénGaharcas´ R:kdesμIeday
nig Twk GMeNIHBIrbIézámk manhÚVgdg,Úv ekItRBmeLIg BuHehIy
bMBg´b\sSI kMBs´RbEvg 8 Gg<úlI fitenA kñúgTIbMputéneBaHev[nZM
edaykMLaMgénkMedARBHGaTitüdutehIy beJ©jnUvBBuH nigkMeBj
kñúgcenøaH énp©itxageRkam nig Kl´énRTnugxñgTaMgLayç vtæúman
TaMgLay BÆd*xagelI manBN(ex[véRkeBk mankøinsÁúyéRkElg
Twk nig ePaCnCaedIm ÉNamYy EdlZøak´cuHehIy kñúgRkBH én
KWbuK<lKYrex¬Im dl´nUvPaBCarUb minKYredIrcUleTACit minKYredIm|I
GaharzμI EdlePøIgkñúgeBaH cMGinehIy> opuseLIgCaBBuH dl´
eXIjeLIy taMgenA nwgcaM:c´eBaleTAzVI dl´karhit ß karliD
ehIy nUvPaBCarbs´lÁit dUcCakinedayzμkin ehIyhUrcuHtamrnÆ
dUecñaHÉg . PaBénkarminKab´citþ kñúgvtæúTaMgLay manTwk nig
éneBaHev[nZM sg,t´enAelIKña dUcCadIsÁitBN(el]g EdlbuK<l
ePaCnCaedIm
caM:c´eBaleTAzVI
Rc:c´dak´cUleTA kñúgzñaMgb\sSI taMgenAkñúgRkBH énGaharcas´
mYyeT[t vtúæmanTwk nig
dUcCaTwkePø{gEdlZøak´cuHehIy kñúgPUmiPaKBÆd*xagelI hUrcuHehIy
ePaCnCaedIm EdlZøak´cUlehIy kñúgeBaH dl´nUvkarEbgEckCa
júaMgPUmiPaKxageRkam oeBjeRb[behIytaMgenA y¨agenaHÉg .
rEmgekIteLIg
eRBaH»nUveBaH
eRBaHBicarNaeXIj edaybJ¦ackú¡ .
5 cMENk KWBYkstVTMBasIumYycMENk ePøIgkñúgeBaHdutmYycMENk cMENkmYyCaTwkmURt cMENkmYyCakrIs; cMENkmYydl´nUvPaB
edaybriecäT
Gaharcas´enaH
elakkMNt´ehIy eday
dM:rénRkBH énGaharcas´pg edaycMENk énkrIs;pgEdr .
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
enH CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énGaharcas´enaH . É
edayOkas Rbmat´minmaneRsam elIkElgnUvTIEdlputRsLH
kiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμI edaysk´Edr .
caksac´ énsk´ eram eZμj nig RkckTaMgLaypg nUvEs|kTaMg
‘xYrkñúgk|al’ KMnrénxYrEdltaMgenA
rwgTaMgsáÜtpg RCYtRCabeTAkan´srIr;d*essehIytaMgenA dUcCa xYrkñúg
tMNk´eRbg RCYtRCabnUvTwk y¨agenaHÉg kalebIRbmat´minman
k|al . xYrkñúgk|alenaH edayBN( CaBN(-s manBN(dUcCa
eRsamkMerIkehIy EPñkTaMgLayénstVTaMgLay CaZmμCatel]g
dMuénpSitk|alBs´ .
kareBalza ²manBN(dUcCaTwkedaHRss´
RsvaMg xøÜnjab´j&r rmas´ . Rbmat´maneRsam fitenAehIykñúg
xUc Edlmindl´nUvPaBCaTwkedaHCUr³ dUecñHxøHk*KYrEdr . edayRTg´
eRsamRbmat´ EdldUcCasMbknenagéRBd*ZM GaRs&ynUvsac´ezøIm
RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas .
edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxag
ehIytaMgenA kñuúgcenøaHénebHdUg nig sYt kalebIRbmat´Edlman
elI . edayOkas xYrkñúgk|alenaH GaRs&ysERgkTaMgLay 4
eRsam kMerIkehIy stVTaMgLay nwgeTACaq,Üt mancitþrevIrvay
taMgenACMuKñaehIy xagkñúgénllad¾k|al
bIdUcCaduMénemSA 4 duM
lHbg´ecalnUvhiri nig Otþb|; eZVInUvGMeBIEdleKminKYreZVI niyay
EdleKRbmUlTukCMuKña y¨agenaHÉg . edaybriecäT xYrkñúgk|al
BaküEdleKminKYrniyay KitnUver]gEdlbuK<lminKYrKit. eday
elakkMNt´ edayépÞxagkñúg énllad¾k|al nig edaycMENk
briecäT Rbmat´enaH elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénRbmat´ .
énxYrkñúgk|alpg .
enH CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énRbmat´enaH . Ékiriya
kñúgk|alenaH .
kñúgllad¾k|al
eQμaHza
enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxYr
ÉkiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña
R:kdesμI
kMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
edaysk´Edr .
‘esøsμ’ ‘Rbmat´’
‘160’
Baküza ²Rbmat´³ KW Rbmat´man 2 KW Rbmat´man
Baküza ²esøsμ³ KW esøsμEdlmanRbmaNeBjmYy:Rt xagkñúgénsrIr; . esøsμenaH edayBN( manBN(-s manB(N
eRsam 1 Rbmat´minmaneRsam 1 . bNþaRbmat´TaMgenaH Rbmat´
bIdUcCaTwk énsøwkxÞwmxab´ .
maneRsam edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbgRsKMxab´ Rbmat´min
Okas . edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas taMgenA
maneRsam manBN(dUcCap,aBkulsVit . edayRTg´RTay Rbmat´
ehIy kñuúgdM:réneBaH esøsμ kñúgeBlbuK<lelbnUvGaharmanTwk
TaMg 2 manRTg´RTaytamOkas .
nig ePaCnCaedIm kalebITwk nig ePaCnCaedIm Zøak´cUleTA va
edayTis Rbmat´maneRsam
ekIt kñúgTisxagelI Rbmat´«teRsam ekItkñúgTisTaMgLay 2 .
edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytam
EbkeTACaBIrcMENk RKbCitCMuvij fitenAtamedIm manóbmadUcCa
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
saray nig ck kñúgTwk kalebIkMNat´eQI ß ek|}g Zøak´cuHeTA
manbUs nig pþÜcCaedIm ekIteLIg kñúgsrIrb|eTsNa> xÞúH k*taMg
k*EbkCaBIrcMENk RKbCMuCitehIytaMgenA dUcedImvij dUecñaHÉg .
enAkñúgsrIrb|eTsenaH> . edaybriecäT xÞúHenaHelakkMNt´ehIy
mYyeT[t kalebIesøsμ mantictYc eBaH CaZmμCat mankøindUcCa
edaycMENkénxÞúH .
saksB EdlKYrex¬IméRkElg dUcCabUsEdlTMu‘Zøay’pg dUcCa
enaH . ÉkarkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
Bgman´sÁúypg mankøinsÁuúyKYrex¬Im dUecñaHEdr . mYyeT[t eRBaH
‘Qam’
enHCakarkMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxÞúH
køinEdlekIteLIgehIy GMBIeBaHenaH TaMgkarePIreLIg TaMgmat´ k*
Baküza ²Qam³ KW Qamman 2 y¨ag KW; Qamxab´ 1
mankøinsÁúy dUcCasaksBEdlmankøinsÁúy . mYyeT[t burs
Qamrav 1 . bNþaQamTaMgBIrenaH Qamxab´ edayBN( man
enaH nwgdl´nUvPaBCaGñkKWeKeBal ‘edj’ za ²cUrGñkec[secj
BN(dUcCaTwkl&k¡ EdlbuK<lcMGinxab´ Qamrav manBN(dUcCa
eTA GñkpSaynUvkøinminlÁ³ dUecñH .
mYyeT[t esøsμ cMerIneLIg
Twkl&k¡d*zøa .
edayRTg´RTay QamTaMgBIr manRTg´RTay tam
dl´nUvPaBCarbs´xab´ biTkøinénsaksBCit BÆd*xagkñuúg éndM:r
Okas . edayTis Qamxab´ ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI Qam
eBaHhñwgÉg ehIyfitenA dUcCakþarKRmbvc©kudi . edaybriecäT
eRkAenH ekItkñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas Qamrav elITuk
esøsμenaH elakkMNt´ehIyedaycMENkénesøsμ . enHCakiriya
nUvTIbMputcaksac´ énsk´ eram eZμj nig RkckTaMgLaypg nUv
kMNt´nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énesøsμenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´nUvcMENk
Es|kTaMgrwgTaMgsáÜtpg pSayeTAkan´ó:TinñksrIr;TaMgGs´ehIy
minesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
taMgenA
tamExSbNþajénsrés
Qamxab´
júaMgcMENkxag
eRkaménTItaMgénezøImoeBjehIy manRbmaNeBjmYy:Rt hUr
‘xÞúH’ Baküza ²xÞúH³ KW xÞúHenaH manBN(dUcCasøwkeQIel]g . Et
ecjbnþic> xagelI éntMrgbsSav; ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYt júaMg
kñúgsrIr;mnusSEdlsøab´ehIy xÞúHmanBN(dUcCaTwk:ypÁÚmxab´.
tMrgbsSav; ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYtTaMgLay oesImfitenA eRBaH
edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas . edayTis mankñúg
za kalebIQamenaH minjúaMgGakar;TaMgLay mantMrgbsSav;
TisTaMgLayBIr . ebIeBaltamOkas ZmμtaOkasénxÞúH Cab´Ca
ebHdUgCaedIm oesImeT stVTaMgLay k*nwgeRskXøan . eday
nic© minman xÞúHenaH kkehIyfitenA kñúgOkas .
k*kalebIsrIr-
briecäT QamenaH elakkMNt´ehIyedaycMENkénQam . enH
b|eTs EdlvtæúTaMgLaymandg<t´ bnøa eRK]gRbhar nigGNþat
CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénQamenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´
ePøIgCaedIm bHTg<icehIy QamedarehIyBg ßk* BkTaMgLay
nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
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‘ejIs’
74
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
énEs|k nig sac´ sMrab´mnusSs<m manRTg´RTaydUcCakMNat´
Baküza ²ejIs³ KW ZatuTwkEdlhUrecj GMBIrnÆTaMgLay
sMBt´BIrCan´ manBN(dUcCarem[t EdlbuK<leZVIoeTACaBIrbICan´
manrnÆeramCaedIm . ejIsenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbglá
ehIytMkl´Tuk eRBaHGaRs&y nUvsac´TaMgLayenH KW; sac´sμg
d*zøa . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas. edayTis ekIt
sac´ePøA sac´xñg EdlGaRs&ynUvRTnugxñg sac´kNþab´eBaH .
kñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas ejIsenaH Kb|IfitenA sBV>
edayTis xøaj´xab´ekItehIykñúgTisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas
kal dUcCaQam kñúgOkasNa ZmμtaOkasénejIs Cab´Canic©
xøaj´xab´ pSayeTAkan´srIr;TaMgmUl rbs´mnusSZat´ GaRs&ynUv
enaH minman .
sac´epSg>
k*kñúgkalNa srIr; sÁúHsÁab´GMBIehtuTaMgLay
mansac´sμgmnusSs<mCaedImfitenA
CnTaMgLay
mankMedAePøIg kMedARBHGaTitü nig karERbRbYlrdUvCaedIm kñúgkal
minkan´yknUvxøaj´xab´ sUm|Idl´ehIynUvkarrab´za CaeRbg edIm|I
enaH ejIs k*hUrecj GMBIcenøaH énrnÆsk´ nig eramTaMgBYg dUc
RbeyaCn¾eZVICaeRbg ‘sMrab´labnUvsk´’ elIk|al minkan´yk
Ca:c´énTgQUk RKan´EtbuK<ldkehIy GMBITwk manRkeGA nig
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´vtæúTaMgLaymaneRbgsMrab´hit tamRcmuH Ca
sUm|IRTg´RTay énejIsenaH
edIm eRBaHxøaj´xab´nu@H Carbs´EdlKYrex¬IméRkeBk . edaybriecäT
bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacéncenøaHénrnÆsk´ nigeramhñwgÉg .
xageRkam xøaj´xab´enaH elakkMNt´ehIy edaysac´ xagelI
k*RBHeyaKI GñkkMNt´nUvejIs Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvejIs eday
kMNt´edayEs|k TTwg kMNt´edaycMENk énxøaj´xab´ .
GMNacénejIsEdljúaMgcenøaH énrnÆsk´ nig eram oeBjehIy
CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜn énxøaj´xab´enaH .
fitenAhñwgÉg . edaybriecäT ejIs elakkMNt´ehIy eday
kMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
b\s dac´minesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH
cMENkénejIs .
enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénejIs
enaH . ÉkarkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
‘xøaj´xab´’ Baküza ²xøaj´xab´³ KW C&rEdlxab´ . xøaj´xab´enaH eday
enH
Ékiriya
‘TwkEPñk’ Baküza ²TwkEPñk³ KWZatuTwkEdlhUrecjBIEPñkTaMgLay. TwkEPñkenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaeRbglád*zøa . edayRTg´ RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas . edayTis ekItehIy kñúgTis
BN( manBN(dUcCarem[tEdlbuK<lcitehIy . edayRTg´RTay
xagelI . edayOkas fitenAehIy kñúgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay .
xøaj´xab´ sMrab´mnusSZat´ mun manRTg´RTaydUcCakMNat´sMBt´
TwkEPñkenH min:ndk´enA sBV> kal kñúgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay dUcCa
BIrCan´ manBN(dUcCarem[t
TwkRbmat´dk´enA kñúgeRsamRbmat´eT .
EdlbuK<ltMkl´TukehIy kñúgcenøaH
k*kñúgkalNa
bu¨Enþ
stVTaMg
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Lay ekItesamnsS esIcy¨agxøaMg ekIteTamnsS yMxSwkxSÜl
kMedARBHGaTitü rdUvminesμI nig ZatuminesμITaMgLay kñúgeBlenaH
ßk* elbGaharminesμI mansPaBdUecñaH
xøaj´xab´enaH sJ©reTA xagnu@Hpg xagenHpg kñúgsrIrb|eTsTaMg
EPñkTaMgLay
énstVTaMgLayenaH
mYyeT[t kñúgkalNa
xÞaMgxÞb´
edayvtæúTaMgLay
LayenaH dUcCatMNk´eRbgEdlRsk´cuHeTA elITwkEdlzøa kñuúg
manEpSgZUlI nig Gacm¾dICaedIm kñúgkalenaH TwkEPñkenaH k*ekIt
eBlEdlgUtdUecñaHÉg . edaybriecäT xøaj´ravenaH elakkMNt´
eLIg eRBaHesamnsS nig eTamnsS Gahar nig rdUvEdlminesμI
ehIy edaycMENkénxøaj´rav .
TaMgLayenHehIy fitenAeBjrnÆEPñkxøH hUrecjmkxøH . k*RBH
rbs´xøÜnénxøaj´ravenaH . ÉkarkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd
eyaKI GñkkMNt´nUvTwkEPñk Kb|IkMNt´ edayGMNac énTwkEPñk
esμIedaysk´Edr .
enHCakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENk
‘Twkmat´’
EdljúaMgrnÆEPñkTaMgLay oeBjehIy fitenAhñwgÉg . eday briecäT TwkEPñk elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénTwkEPñk . enH
ZatuTwklayedayBBuH BÆd*xagkñúgmat´ eQμaHzaTwkmat´ .
CakiriyakMNt´ nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénTwkEPñkenaH . ÉkiriyakMNt´
Twkmat´enaH edayBN( KWBN(-s manBN(dUcBBuHTwk . eday
nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
RTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas. kareBalza ²manRTg´RTay dUcCaBBuHTwk³ dUecñHxøH k*KYr .
‘xøaj´rav’ ‘161’
edayTis ekItehIy kñúgTisxag
Baküza ²xøaj´rav³ ERbza C&rrav . xøaj´ravenaH
elI . edayOkas Twkmat´enaH hUrcuH tamxagénz¬al´TaMgBIr
edayBN( manBN(dUceRbgdUg . kareBalza ²manBN(dUcCa
ehIyfitenA elIGNþat . bu¨EnþTwkmat´enaH minEdldk´enA kñúgTI
eRbgEdleKeRsacehIy kñúgTwk:y³ dUecñHxøH k*KYr . edayRTg´
nu@H sBV> kal eT k*kñúgeBlNa stVTaMgLayeXIj ß rlwk
RTay manRTg´RTaydUcCatMNt´eRbgEdlRsk´cuH GENþt BÆd*
dl´nUvGahar y¨agdUecñaH ßk* dak´nUvGaharNamYy kñúgcMeNam
xagelI énTwkEdlzøa kñúgevlaEdlgUt . edayTis ekItkñúgTis
GaharEdlmanrsekþA lVIg hwr éRb nig CUr TaMgLay kñúgmat´
TaMgLayBIr . edayOkas PaKeRcIn xøaj´xab´enaH fitenAehIy
ßk* kñúgeBlNa ebHdUg rbs´stVTaMgLayenaH rmYl ß esckþI
elIépÞéd xñgéd épÞeCIg xñgeCIg ekþagRcmuH záas nig cg,Úy
ex¬Im ekIteLIgkñúgvtæúNamYyhñwgÉg kñúgeBlenaH Twkmat´ ekIt
sμaTaMgLay . b¨uEnþxøaj´xab´enH minEmnCaZmμCatrlay fitenA
eLIgehIy hUrcuH tamxagénz¬al´TaMgLayBIr ehIyfitenA elI
kñúgOkasTaMgenH sBV> kal :neT
GNþat . mYyeT[t Twkmat´enaH elIcugGNþat mantic elIKl´
k*kñúgeBlNa RbeTs ‘KW
ragkay’ TaMgenaH CasPav;mancMhayekItehIy eRBaHkMedAePøIg
GNþat maneRcIn .
mYyeT[t GNþatn@uH mindl´nUvkarGs´eTA
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
esaHeLIy dUcCaTwkGNþÚg EdlbuK<lCIkehIy elIdIxSac´ Ek|r
Edldk´enAeBjekþagRcmuHhñwgÉg . edaybriecäT TwksMe:renaH
sÞwg mindl´nUvkarGs´eTA dUecñaHÉg CaTwkmat´Gac edIm|InwgjúaMg
elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénTwksMe:r . enHCakarkMNt´
GMbuk ß Gg,r ßk* júaMgxaTnIy; déTNamYy EdleKdak´cUleTA
nUvcMENk rbs´xøÜnénTwksMe:renaH .
ehIy kñúgmat´ oesIm:n .
esμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
edaybriecäT Twkmat´enaH elak
kMNt´ehIy edaycMENkénTwkmat´ . enHCakarkMNt´nUvcMENk rbs´xøÜnénTwkmat´enaH .
ÉkarkMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kd
‘TwklMGil’ saksBCalMGil BÆd*xagkñúg éntMNkñúgsrIr; eQμaHza TwklMGil . TwklMGilenaH edayBN( manBN(dUcCaC&r énp,a
esμIedaysk´Edr .
kNÑikar . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas . ekIt kñúg
‘TwksMe:r’ TwkminsÁat
ÉkarkMNt´ nUvcMENkmin
eQμaHza
TisTaMgLayBIr . edayOkas TwklMGilenaH fitenA xagkñúg
TwksMe:renaH edayBN( manBN(bIdUcCaxYr kñúg
éntMN 180 júaMgkic©KWkarbt´nUvtMNénqÁwgTaMgLay osMerc .
RKab´etñatx©I . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTaytamOkas . eday
k*TwklMGilnu@H énbuK<lNamantic kalebIbuK<lenaH eRkakeLIg
Tis ekItehIy kñúgTisxagelI . edayOkas fitenAeBjekþag
Gg<úycuH QaneTAmux QanzyeRkay bt´cUl laecj qÁwgTaMg
RcmuH . bu¨Enþ TwksMe:renaH minfitenA kñúgekþagRcmuHnu@H sBV>
Lay k*rEmglan´»sUrsMeLgkd;kd; dUcCabuK<ledIrpÞat´Rmam
kaleT . tamBit kñúgeBlNa stVTaMgLay yM ßk* CaGñkman
éd y¨agdUecñaHÉg . kalbuK<lenaH edIreTAkan´pøÚvqáay Gs´TI
karkMerIkénZatuEdlekIteLIg edayGMNacénGahar nigrdUv man
Rtwm 1 eyaCn¾ nig 2 eyaCn¾
cMENkminesμI kñúgeBlenaH xYrkñúgk|al Edldl´ehIynUvPaBCa
k*lM:k . Etza TwklMGil énbuK<lNa maneRcIn qÁwgTaMgLay
esøsμsÁúy hUrecj GMBIxagkñúgk|al ehIyqøgcuH tamcenøaHTI
énbuK<lenaH minlan´»sUrsMeLg kd;kd; kñúgkarkMerIkTaMgLay
bMputRkGUmmat´ehIy júaMgekþagRcmuHoeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUr
mankareRkak nig karGg<úyCaedImeT
ecjxøH dUcCabursx©b´nUvTwkedaHCUr kñúgsøwkQUkehIy ykbnøa
eTAkan´pøÚvqáay vaeyaZatu k*minkMerIk xøÜnTaMgLay k*minlM:k .
cak´ BÆd*xageRkam kalebIdUecñaH TwkedaHCUrrav k*hUrecjmk tam
edaybriecäT TwklMGilenaH elakkMNt´ehIy edaycMENkén
RbehagenaHehIy Kb|IZøak´cuHmkxageRkA y¨agenaHÉg . k*RBH
TwklMGil. enHCakarkMNt´nUvcMENkrbs´xøÜnénTwklMGilenaH .
eyaKIGñkkMNt´nUvTwksMe:r Kb|IkMNt´ edayGMNacTwksMe:r
ÉkarkMNt´ nUvcMENkminesμIKña R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
TwksMe:r .
EdlhUrecjmk
GMBIxYrkñúgk|al
vaeyaZatu k*kMerIk
xøÜnTaMgLay
kalebIbuK<lenaH sUm|IedIr
visuTÆimK< ERb
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‘TwkmURt’
80
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
tamn&yza ²edaylMdab´ edayminel]neBk³ dUecñHCaedIm kñúgTI
Baküza ²TwkmURt³ KW edayBN( TwkmURtenaHmanBN(dUc
bMputénkarQanknøgnUvbJ¦tþi BicarNa nUvkayenHza ²sk´TaMg
CaTwkk|úg énsENþkraCmas . edayRTg´RTay manRTg´RTay
Lay man kñúgkayenH³ dUecñHCaGaTi¾ Zm(TaMgLayTaMgBYgenaH Ca
dUcCaTwkEdlfitenA xagkñúgkÁmTwk EdlbuK<ldak´p,ab´mat´ eTA
Zm(R:kd minmunmineRkay eRb[bdUcCakalbursmanckú¡ RkeLk
xageRkam . edayTis ekIt kñúgTisxageRkam . edayOkas
emIlnUvp,akRmg EdleKRkgp,amanBN( 32 Rbkar edayGMe:H
fitenAxagkñúg énRkBHbsSav; . epøakénRkBHbsSav; elakehA
mYysrésrYmKña p,aTaMgBYgTaMgLayCap,aR:kd minmunmineRkay
za eQμaHza RkBHbsSav; .
TwkmURt GMBIsrIr; kñúgRkBHbsSav;
dUecñaHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalTuk kñúgmnsikareka-
EtghUrcUl Etza pøÚvCaTIhUrcUleTA énTwkmURtenaH minR:kdeT
sløkza za; k*GaTikmμikbuK<l kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ za ²eksa³
R:kdEtpøÚvCaTIhUrecj dUcCaTwkRCaM hUrcUleTA kñúgkÁmEdlRsaM
dUecñH mnsikar eTATl´nwgcMENkCaTIbMputenHza ²mutþM³ ehIyfit
manmat´cuHeRkam EdlbuK<ldak´ehIyenAEk|rreNþATwkRCaM EtpøÚv CaTIhUrcUleTA énTwkRCaMenaH minR:kd y¨agenaHÉg . mYyeT[t kalebIRkBHbsSav; eBjehIy edayTwkmURt esckþIxVlx ´ Vayza ²eyIgTaMgLaybenÞabg´nUvbsSav;³ Etgmandl´stVTaMgLay . edaybriecäT TwkmURtenaH elakkMNt´ehIy edayxagkñúgénRkBH bsSav;pg edaycMENk énTwkmURtpgEdr . cMENkrbs´xøÜn énTwkmURtenaH .
enHCakarkMNt´nUv
ÉkarkMNt´nUvcMENkminesμIKña
R:kdesμIedaysk´Edr .
srub ‘162’
k*kalRBHeyaKI kalkMNt´nUvcMENkTaMgLay
mansk´CaedIm edayGMNacénBN( RTg´RTay Tis Okas nig briecäT y¨agenHehIy eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²bdikUl>³ edaycMENk 5
edayGMNayBN( RTg´RTay køin TIenAGaRs&y nig Okas
enA . k*RbsinebIRBHeyaKIenaH RbmUlmknUvmnsikar sUm|Ixag eRkA kalebIdUecñH nakalekadðas;TaMgBYgTaMgLayR:kd dl´ RBHeyaKIenaH y¨agenH stVTaMgLay manmnusS nig tircäan Ca edIm EdledIrmk lHbg´nUvGakar;rbs´stV rEmgR:kd eday GMNacénKMnrénekadðas;Etmüa¨g
k*vtæúmanTwk nig ePaCn CaedIm
EdlstVTaMgLaymanmnusS nig tircäanCaedImenaH elbcUleTA rEmgR:kd bIdUcCavtæúEdleKdak´cUleTA kñúgKMnrénekadðas; .
‘nimitþ kñúglMdab´enaH
nig
Gb|na’
kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþer]y> za
²bdikUl>³ edayGMNacénmnsikarekasløviZI mankarlHbg´nUv lMdab´CaedIm Gb|na rEmgekIteLIg tamlMdab´ . kñúgkiriyaekIt eLIgénGb|naenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza; kiriyaR:kd edayGMNac énBN( RTg´RTay Tis Okas
nig briecäT éncMENkTaMgLay
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
‘ehtuEdlehAzakayKtasti’
mansk´CaedIm eQμaHza óK<hnimitþ kiriyaR:kd ‘énekadðas; TaMgenaH’ edayGMNacénbdikUl edayGakar;RKb´y¨ag eQμaHza bdiPaKnimtþ .
kalRBHeyaKI esB eZIVoeRcIn nUvbdiPaKnimitþ
enaH Gb|na rEmgekIteLIg edayGMNacénbfmCÄan bIdUcCa
k*kmμdðanenH sUm|IsMerc edayGMNacénbfmCÄan y¨ag dUecñH k*elakehAza ²kayKtasti³ eRBaHsMerc edaykMLaMg én sti kñúgcMENkTaMgLay manBN( nig RTg´RTayCaedIm .
‘GanisgScMerInkayKtasti’
Gb|na kñúgGsuPkmμdðan tamn&yEdleyIgeBalmkehIy . RBH eyaKavcrNamancMENkmYyKt´R:kd ßRBHeyaKavcrNa dl´
k*ÉPikú¡EdlRbkber]y>
nUvkayKtastienH
nUvGb|na kñúgcMENkmYyehIy mineZVInUvesckþIBüayam CaeRK]g
sg,t´esckþIeRtkGr
Rbkb kñúgcMENkdéT bEnæmeT[t
eRtkGr k*minRKbsg,t´nUvPikú¡enaHeLIy Pikú¡enaH EtgRKbsg,t´
eLIg dl´RBHeyaKavcrenaH .
Gb|na EtmYyKt´ rEmgekIt
cMENkÉRBHeyaKavcrNa man
edayesckIþmineRtkGr:n
CaGñkRKb
ehIy> nUvesckþImineRtkGrEdlekItehIy 1ç
TaMgesckþImin
CaGñkRKbsg,t´
cMENkd*eRcIn R:kd ßza RBHeyaKavcrNa dl´nUvQan kñúg
nUvP&y nig esckþIxøac:n
cMENkmYyehIy k*eZVInUvesckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb sUm|Ikñúg
Pikú¡enaHBMu:neLIy Pikú¡enaHEtgRKbsg,t´ehIynUvP&y nig esckþI
cMENkdéT bnþeTAeT[t
bfmCÄanTaMgLay edaykiriyarab´nUv
xøacEdlekItehIy 1ç CaGñkGt´Zμt´cMeBaHRtCak´ kMedA ‘1’ .eb.
cMENk rEmgekIteLIg dl´RBHeyaKavcrenaH> dUcCabfmCÄan
CaGñkGt´Zμt´ cMeBaHKnøgBakü EdleKeBalGaRkk´ÇÇÇ EdlGacnaM
TaMgLay ekIteLIg dl´RBHmløketær dUecñaHÉg .
nUvCIvitecj:n 1ç CaGñk:nQan 4
:n»za elakGñkmanGayuenaH cab´édRBHGPyetær Gñk eBalKm¬IrTIXnikayehIy eBalza ²mñalGP&yd*manGayu bnþ GMBIenH cUrGñker[nnUvbJØaenHmun³ ehIyeBalza ²RBHmløketær CaGñk:n nUvbfmCÄan 32 kñúgcMENk 32 RbsinebIelakcUl nUvQanmYy kñúgevlayb´ QanmYy kñúgevlaézá elaksMercnUv QanenaH mþgeT[t edayknøHénExd*éRkElg RbsinebIelakcUl QanmYy ral´> ézá Elg³ dUecñHÉg .
elakk*sMerc mþgeT[t edayExmYyd*éRk
ÉP&y nig esckþIxøac RKbsg,t´ nUv
cak´ZøúHnUvGPiJ¦a 6 eRBaH
GaRs&ynUvBN(epSg> énekadðas;TaMgLay mansk´CaedIm .
eRBaHehtudUecñaHÉg
Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\a
Kb|ICaGñk
minRbmaT Rbkber]y>nUvkayKtastienH Edl manGanisgSeRcIn dUc:neBalmkenHÉg . enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgkayKtasti . v
1- suÇ mÇ
j
PaKTI 26 TMB&rTI 397 .
v
visuTÆimK< ERb
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Gana:nsti ‘163’
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs 2- Pikú¡enaH kaldkdegØImecjxøI k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj
kñúgkal«LÚvenH Gana:nsStienaHNa EdlRBH
manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´sresIr y¨agenH za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Gana:nsStismaZienHÉg
84
EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy
:neZVIo
dkdegØImecjxøI ß kaldkdegØIycUlxøI k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImcUlxøI . 3- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGjkMNt´dwgc|as´ nUvkay KWdk
eRcInehIy CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg CaZm(minRcLÚkRcLM
degØImecjTaMgBYg
eday ‘tNØa nig ó:Tan’ pg
dwgc|as´nUvkay KWdkdegØImcUlTaMgBYg nwgdkdegØImcUl .
CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþI
nwgdkdegØImecj
sikSaza
GatμaGjkMNt´
suxpg EtgjúaMgZm(TaMgLay CaGkusld*lamk EdlekIteLIg
4- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar KWdk
ehIy> oGnþrZan osáb´rmáab´eTA edayehtud*smKYr³ y¨ag
degØImecj nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´ nUv
dUecñHehIy RTg´sMEdgecj oCakmμdðanmanvtæú 16 y¨agdUecñHza
kaysg¡ar KWdkdegØImcUl nwgdkdegØImcUl .
‘ctuk,;TI2’
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay cuHGana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<l:ncMerIn ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg CaZ(m
5- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´dwgc|as´nUvbIti nwgdk
minRcLÚkRcLMeday ‘tNØanigó:Tan’ pg CaZm(CaeRK]genA naM
degØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkMNt´dwgnUvbIti nwgdkdegØImcUl .
mknUvesckþIsuxpg
EtgjúaMgZm(TaMgLay
CaGkusld*lamk
EdlekIteLIgehIy>
oGnþrZan
osáb´rmáab´eTA
edayehtud*
smKYr etIdUcemþc .
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH enA
kñúgéRBkþI enAeT[bKl´eQIkþI enAkñúgpÞHsáat´kþI Gg<úyEBnEPñn taMg kayoRtg´ p©g´sμartI omanmuxeq¬aHeTArk ‘kmμdðan’ .
Pikú¡enaH
manstidkdegØIyecj manstidkdegØImcUl ‘manvtæú 16 KW;’
‘ctuk,;TI1’ 1- Pikú¡enaH kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|as´za Gatμa GjdkdegØImecjEvg
ß
kaldkdegØIycUlEvg
GatμaGjdkdegØImcUlEvg .
k*dwgc|as´za
6- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´dwgc|as´ nUvesckþIsux nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´dwgc|as´ nUvesckþI sux nwgdkdegØImcUl . 7- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´dwgc|as´ nUvcitþsg¡ar KWsJ¦a nig evTna nwgdkdegØImecj
sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´
dwgc|as´nUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØImcUl . 8- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj rmáab´nUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØIm ecj sikSaza GatμaGjrmáab´nUvcitþsg¡ar nwgdkdegØImcUl .
‘ctuk,;TI3’ 9- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj
kMNt´dwgc|as´nUvcitþ nwgdk
visuTÆimK< ERb
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degØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkMNt´dwgnUvcitþ nwgdkdegØImcUl . 10- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþorIkray nwgdk degØImecj
sikSaza
GatμaGj
kaljúaMgcitþorIkray
nwgdk
86
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
GñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZm(sMrab´lHkielsecal nwgdkdegØIm ‘1’ cUl³ dUecñHÉg . nieTÞs énkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH dl´ehIy tamlMdab´ . EteRBaHnieTÞsenaH kalebIeBaltamlMGanénkar
degØImcUl . 11- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMgcitþ otaMgenA kñúg
BN(nanUv:LIhñwgÉg
nwgbribUredayGakar;TaMgBYg
eRBaHehtu
GarmμN¾d*esμI nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kaljúaMg
enaH kñúgGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH nieTÞsenH KWCanieTÞsmankar
citþotaMgenA kñúgGarmμN¾d*esμI nwgdkdegØImcUl .
BN(nanUv:LI dl´mun .
12-
Pikú¡sikSaza
GatμaGj
kaljúaMgcitþ
‘caknIvrNZm(CaedIm’ nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkal júaMgcitþorYcRsLH nwgdkdegØImcUl .
13- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIjnUvbJ©k¡nÆ za mineT[g nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNa eXIjnUvbJ©k¡nÆ za mineT[g nwgdkdegØImcUl . 14- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñk
BicarNaeXIj nUvZm(R:scakteRmk nwgdkdegØImcUl . 15- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m sMrab´rMlt´nUvTuk¡ nwgdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñk BicarNaeXIj nUvZm(sMrab´rMlt´nUvTuk¡ nwgdkdegØImcUl . 16- Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIj nUvZ(m sMrab´lHkielsecal nwgdkdegØImecj
bNÐit
Kb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y
Rtg´bTTaMgLayenH za
²kzM Pavieta c Pik¡ev Gana:nsStismaZi
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
Gana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<lcMerInehIy edayRbkardUcemþc³
‘ctuk,;TI4’
R:scakteRmk nwgdkdegØImecj
‘BRgIkesckþIén:LIBaküsYr’
orYcRsLH
sikSaza GatμaGj Ca
dUecñHCaedImmun . Baküza ²kzM³ CaRBHbucäa edayPaBénRBHGg< RTg´R:zña cg´sMEdg nUvkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi o:nBisþar eday RbkarepSg> . Baküza ²Pavieta c Pik¡ev Gana:nsStismaZi³ CaBaküCaeRK]gsMEdgecj nUvZm(EdlRBHGg<RTg´Rtas´sYrehIy eRBaHPaBénRBHGg< RTg´R:zñacg´sMEdg nUvkarcMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi o:nBisþar edayRbkarepSg> . n&ysUm|IkñúgBakü za ²kzM BhulIketa .eb. vUbsemti³ enH k*dUcn&yenHEdr . bNþbTTaMgenaH bTza ²Pavieta³ KWeZVIoekIteLIgpg o cMerIneLIgpg .
bTza ²Gana:nsStismaZi³ esckþIza smaZi
1- suÇ sMÇ mÇ PaKTI 39 TMB&rTI 27 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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88
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
EdlRbkbRBmehIy edaysti EdlkMNt´nUvxül´dkdegØImecj
cMENkkñúgBakünu@Hza ²Gescneka c suexa c vihaera
nig xül´dkdegØImcUl mYyeT[t smaZi kñúgGana:nsSti eQμaH
CaZm(minRcLÚkRcLMpg CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþIsuxpg³
bTza ²BhulIketa³ ERbza eZVIo:n
manGZib|ayza; kiriyaeRsacRsb´ minman dl´Gana:nsSti-
za Gna:nsStismaZi .
smaZienaH eRBaHehtuenaH Gana:nsStismaZienaH eTIbeQμaHza
er]y> .
minmankareRsacRsb´
‘Eksenþa bNIeta’ bTBIrza ²senþa ecv bNIeta c³ CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*
KWmin:c´eR:HRBM
minRcLÚkRcLM
Ejk
edayELk minRcbUkRcbl´ç esckþIlÁit kñúgGana:nsStismaZi
ótþmpg . bNÐitKb|IRCab kiriyakMNt´ kñúgbTTaMgBIr eday
enH minmanedaybrikmμ ß edayóbcar;eT
Évs&BÞ . sYrza; BaküdUcemþcEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ehIy .
enH
eqøIyza; RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´za ²EmnBit Gana:nsStismaZi enH
cab´edImGMBIkarRbmUlcitþeZVIkmμdðanCadMbUgmk . cMENkÉGacarü
minEmnCaZm(minlÁitpg
CaZm(minótþmpg
edaybriyayÉNa
CaZm(d*lÁitpg
CaZm(d¾ótþmpg
Gana:nsStismaZi
edayPav;rbs´xøÜnEmnBit
BYkxøH eBalza; bTza ²Gescneka³ esckþIza min:c´eR:HRBM
mYy dUcCaGsuPkmμdðan EdlCaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(ótþmpg eday
Carbs´manrsqáaj´ tamsPav;hñwgÉg .
GMNac
minótþmpg
Gana:nsStismaZienH CaZm(minmankareRsacRsb´hñwgÉg eTIb
manGarmμN¾d*
CaZm(CaeRK]genAnaMmknUvesckþIsuxpg eRBaHRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:n
énkarcak´ZøúHEtmüa¨g
edayGMNacénGarmμN¾
bu¨EnþCaZm(minlÁitpg
eRBaHGsuPkmμdðanenaH
eRKatRKatpg manGarmμN¾CabdikUlpg dUecñaHeT .
ebItamBit
eTA Gana:nsStismaZi eQμaHza CaZm(lÁit KWCaZm(sáb´rmáab´ CaZm(rMlt´
eRBaHGana:nsStismaZienaH
CaZm(d*lÁit
eday
bNÐitKb|IRCab za
cMeBaH nUvesckþIsuxtampøÚvkay nig esckþIsuxtampøÚvcitþ kñúg xN;Edldl´nUvGb|na . bTza ²ób|nñúb|enñ³ KWEdlminTan´:nsg,t´sg,inehIy> .
GarmμN¾xøH eRBaHCaZm(lÁitedayGg< Edlrab´:nza CabdievZ xøH
bTza ²:bek³ KWd*GaRkk´ . bTBIrza ²Gkusel Zemμ³ KWZ(m
eQμaHza CaZm(d*ótþm KWmineZVIoEqÁt eRBaHGana:nsStismaZinu@H
EdlekItGMBIesckþIminqøat . bTBIrza ²fanesa
CaZm(d*ótþm edayGarmμN¾xøH CaZm(d*ótþm edayGg<xøH³ dUecñH .
KWjúaMgZm(EdlCa:bGkusloGnþrZaneTA KWosáb´rmáab´ eday
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ² ‘Gana:nsSti-
xN;hñwgÉg .
smaZi’ CaZm(lÁitpg CaZm(d*ótþmpg³ .
mYyeT[t RBHeyaKavcrenaH dl´nUvesckþIcMerIn edayGriymK<
‘EkGescneka’
tamlMdab´ rEmgpþac´bg´ GZib|ayza eZVIosáb´rmáab´ eRBaHPav;én
GnþrZaebti³
bTza ²vUbsemti³ KW ocUleTArmáab´ edaylÁ
visuTÆimK< ERb
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Gana:nsStismaZienaH CaZm(mancMENkénesckþITMluHTMlay. k*kñúgRBH:LIénBaküsYrenaH manesckþIseg¡bdUcteTAenH
90
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
sáat´kþI³ CaeRK]gbMePøInUvkarkMNt´nUvesnasn; mansPaBd*sm KYr
dl´karcMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi
énRBHeyaKIPikú¡eenaH .
za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Gana:nsStismaZi EdlbuK<l:ncMerIn
eRBaHza citþénPikú¡enH pSayeTAer]y> kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLayman
ehIy
edayviZIdUc
rU:rmμN¾CaedIm Gs´kalmanraRtId*Evg minR:zña edIm|IeLIgkan´
emþc :neZVIoeRcInehIy edayRbkar;dUcemþcÇÇÇ eTIbCaZm(d*lÁit
GarmμN¾ KWGana:nsStismaZieT rEmgsÞúHeTAkan´pøÚvxusEtmüa¨g
pg .el. osáb´rmáab´ edayehtud*smKYr³ .
dUcrzEdleKTwm edayeKaeK[c EtgsÞúHeTAkan´pøÚvxusdUecñaHEdr .
edayRbkar;dUcemþc
edayGakar;dUcemþc
‘Bnül´esckþIén:LIeqøIy’ ‘164’
«LÚvenH
RBHmanRBHPaK
kalRTg´júaMgesckþI
enaH oBisþar eTIbRtas´nUvBaküza ²«Z Pik¡ev³ dUecñHCaedIm .
‘Ek«Zs&BÞ’ kñúgBaküTaMgenaH
²«Z Pik¡ev Pikú¡³ esckþIza
Baküza
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡kñúgsasnaenH . eRBaHza «Zs&BÞenH kñúg bTza ²«Z Pik¡ev Pik¡ú³ nu@H CaeRK]gbMePøInUvsasnaEdlCaTIkekIt énbuK<lGñkjúaMgGana:nsStismaZi manRbkarTaMgBYgoekItpg CaeRK]gbdiesZnUvPaBy¨agdUecñaH énsasnadéTpg . smdUc CaRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay smN; mankñúg sasnaenHbu¨eNÑaHÉg LaydéT³ ‘1’ dUecñH .
.l.
lTÆidéT
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK
Rtas´za ²«msμw sasen Pikú¡
Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH³ dUecñH .
‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta BaküenH za ²enAkñúgéRBkþI 1-
suÇ
GMÇ
cÇ
sUnücaksmN;TaMg
.eb.
n&yTI1’
enAeT[bKl´eQIkþI
PaKTI 43 TMB&rTI 245 .
enAkñúgpÞH
eRBaHehtuenaH nayeKa:l GñkR:zñaedIm|IbgØat´ nUvkUneKaeK[c EdlpwkTwkedaHRss´TaMgGs´ énemeKaeK[c :nZMZat´eLIgehIy bMEbkecjGMBIemeKa daMnUvssrd*ZM kñúgTId*smKYrmYyehIy yk ExScg Rtg´ssrenaH kalebImanRbkardUecñaH kUneKa énnay eKa:lenaH k*minGacedIm|InwgerIbRgH eTAxagenHpg xagnu@Hpg ehIyrt´eKceTA:neLIy Kb|IQrRCb´ ß edkRCb´enARtg´ssr ZMenaHÉg manóbmay¨agNamij sUm|IPikú¡enHÉg R:zñaedIm|Inwg TUnμancitþd*kac EdlcMerInedaykarpwknUvrsénGarmμN¾ manrU:rmμN¾CaedIm Gs´kalénraRtId*Evg k*Kb|InaMecjGMBIGarmμN¾man rU:rmμN¾CaedImehIycUleTAkan´éRBkþI .l. kan´pÞHsáat´kþIehIy cg Rtg´ssr KWxül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUlenaH edayExSKWsti kalebIcg:ndUecñaH citþ énPikú¡enaH sUm|IsÞúHeTA xagenHpg xagnu@Hpg k*min:nnUvGarmμN¾EdlxøÜnsnSMehIy kñúg kalmun minGacedIm|Inwgkat´pþac´ExSKWsti ehIyrt´eKc:neLIy k*rEmgEGbenARCb´ nig edkenARCb´Cab´nwgGarmμN¾enaHÉg eday GMNacénóbcar; nig Gb|na k*manóbemyüy¨agenaHÉg .
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
nUvesnasn;d*smKYr
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbe:raNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;
dl´RBHeyaKavcrenaH
eTIbRTg´Rtas´za
²GrJ¦Keta va³ dUecñHCaedIm .
nr; kalbgØat´nUvkUneKa Kb|Icg ‘va’ Rtg´ssr
‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta
y¨agNamij Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH Kb|IcgnUvcitþ
.eb.
n&yTI3’
EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK eRb[bdUcCaGacarü GñkecHnUvPUmi-
rbs´xøÜn o:nmaMkñúgGarmμN¾ edaysti k*y¨ag
sa®sþ . GacarüGñkecHnUvPUmisa®sþenaH eXIjnUvTIénnKrehIy
dUecñaHEdr .
BicarNa edayRbéBehIy cgÁúlR:b´za ²cUrGñkTaMgLaysag
esnasn;enaH CaTIesnasn;d*smKYr dl´Pavna énRBH
nUvnKr kñúgTIenH³ dUecñH luHdl´nKr:nseRmc edaysYsþIehIy
eyaKIenaH y¨agenHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úM eBalhIyza
k*:nnUvsk,ar;d*eRcIn GMBIraCRtkUl y¨agNamij
²BaküenH CaeRK]gbMePøInUvkarkMNt´nUvesnasn;d*smKYr dl´kar
PaKGg<enaH RTg´BicarNanUvTIesnasn;d*smKYr dl´RBHeyaKa-
cMerInnUvGana:nsStismaZi énRBHeyaKavcrenaH³ .
vcr ehIyRTg´cgÁúlR:b´za ²RBHeyaKI Kb|IRbkbkmμdðaner]y>
‘ehtuEdlRtas´GrJ¦Keta n&ymYyeT[t
.eb.
n&yTI2’
kñúgTIesnasn;enH³
tGMBIenaHeTA
kalebIRBHGrhtþpl
Ca
EdlRBHeyaKIGñkRbkbkmμdðaner]y> kñúgTIenaH :nseRmcehIy
kMBUl kñúgRbePTénkmμdðan CabTdðan énkiriya:nnUvKuNviess
edaylMdab´ rEmgRTg´:nnUvsk,ar;d*eRcInza ²RBHmanRBHPaKGg<
nigkiriyaenACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñ énRBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig sav&k
enaH CaRBHsmμasm¬úTÆ BitR:kdEmn³ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . cMENk
énRBHBuTÆRKb´RBHGg<
Pikú¡enH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²R:kdesμIedayxøadMbg³ .
edIm|IminlHbg´
eRBaHehtuza Gana:nsStikmμdðanenH
dUecñH
RBHmanRBH
KWRBHeyaKavcr
minEmneZVI:nedaygay
nUvesnasn;TIbMputénRsuk
Edlvwkvr
eday
bNÐitKb|IRCabGZib|ayza ²dUcCaesþcxøadMbgd*ZM BYnEGbehIy
sMeLg én®sþI burs dMrI nig esHCaedIm ehIycMerIn:neT eRBaH
nUvs|atesμAkþI s|atéRBkþI s|atPñMkþI kñúgéRB ehIycab´RmwKTaMg
PaBénQanmansMeLgCabnøa
Lay manRkbIéRB rmaMg nig RCUkéRBCaedIm y¨agNamij
EtzakñúgTIminEmnRsuk
KWkñúgéRB
Pikú¡
RBHeyaKavcr eZVI:nedaygay edIm|Ikan´yknUvkmμdðanenH ehIy
GñkRbkbnUvkmμdðaner]y> kñúgTIesnasn;d*smKYrTaMgLay man
júaMgGana:nctutæCÄan oekIteLIg ehIyeZVIQanenaHÉg oCa
éRBCaedImenH
eCIg BicarNanUvsg¡arTaMgLay ehIyseRmc nUvRBHGrhtþ Ca
KamimK< nig GrhtþmK<pg nig nUvGriyplpg tamsmKYrtam
pld*kMBUl
lMdab´ y¨agdUecñaHEdr³ .
eRBaHehtuenaH
RBHmanRBHPaK
kalRTg´sMEdg
rEmgcab´yknUvesatabtþimK< skTaKamimK< Gna
eRBaHehtuenaH e:raNacarü eBalza
visuTÆimK< ERb
ZmμtaxøadMbg
BYnsmáMehIy
Lay y¨agNamij
93
cab´yknUvRmwKTaMg
Pikú¡enH CabuRtRBHBuTÆ Gñk
manesckþIBüayamRbkbehIy CaGñkeXIjc|as´ cUleTAkan´éRBehIy Etgcab´yk nUvpld*ótþm k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . ‘165’
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg´sMEdgnUv
TIesnasn;kñúgéRB
EdlCakEnøgRbkbesckþIBüayam
énbuK<l
GñkmanBüayam nig GñkmanesckþIsÞúHsÞar dl´RBHeyaKIPikú¡enaH eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²GrJ¦Keta va³ dUecñHCaedIm .
‘EkGtæbTepSg>én:LIBaküeqøIy’ bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²GrJ¦Keta³ esckþIza; Pikú¡ eTA kan´éRBNamYy EdlmanesckþIsux ekItGMBIvievk bNþaéRBTaMg Lay manlk¡N;EdlelakeBalmkehIy y¨agenHza ²eQμaH za éRB :ndl´éRBTaMgGs´enaH ecjeTAxageRkAGMBIssreKal³ dUecñHkþI za ²esnasn; mankñúgTIbMput RbEvg 500 CYrZñÚ eQμaHza esnasn; taMgenAkñúgéRB³ dUecñHkþI . bTza ²ruk¡mUlKeta³ KWPikú¡ eTAkan´TICiténKl´eQI . bTza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³ KWeTAkan´Okas EdlsUnü KWOkasEdlsáat´ .
k*kñúg:LIza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³
enH elIkTuknUvéRB nig Kl´eQIecj Pikú¡sUm|IeTAkan´esnasn; d*ess man 7 Rbkar . kareBalza ²suJ¦aKarKeta³ k*KYr . RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg´cgÁúlR:b´nUvesnasn;d*smKYr
94
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
dl´karcMerInnUvGana:nsSti d*smKYrdl´rdUvpg d*smKYr dl´ Zatu nig criyapg y¨agenHehIy RTg´sMEdgR:b´nUv«riyabz d* sáb´
EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgBYk
énkarminrujra
nig
karminGENþt
GNþÚg dl´RBHeyaKIPikú¡enaH eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²nisITti Gg<úy³ dUecñH . kñúglMdab´enaH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg´sMEdg nUvPaBén karGg<úynwgZwgpg nUvPaBénkarRbRBwtþieTARsYl énxül´dkdegØIm ecj nigxül´dkdegØImcUl nig nUvó:yeRK]gkMNt´ nUvGarmμN¾ pg eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²bløg,M GaPuCitVa EBnEPñn³ dUecñHCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²bløg,M³ KWGg<úybt´nUvePøA eday CMuvij . bTza ²GaPuCitVa³ KWbt´cUlehIy . eRcInbTza ²óCMu
kayM bNiZay³ esckþIza; taMgsrIr;xagelIoRtg´ehIy júaMg cug edaycug oer[bry Rtg´RTnugénxñg 18 . eRBaHza kalebI RBHeyaKI Gg<úyy¨agenH Es|k sac´ nig srésTaMgLay nwg minRbywtcuH
kalebImanRbkardUecñaH
evTnaTaMgLayNa
Kb|I
ekIteLIg ral´> xN; eRBaHkarRbywtcuH énEs|k sac´ nig srésTaMgLayenaHCabc©&y
evTnaTaMgLayenaH
rEmgminekIt
eLIg dl´RBHeyaKIenaH kalebIevTnaTaMgLayenaH minekIteLIg citþ k*CaZmμCatmanGarmμN¾EtmYy kmμdðan minezøaHeZøay cUl dl´esckþIcMerIn esckþIlUtlas´ . eRcInbTza ²brimuxM stw
óbdðebtVa³ ERbza taMgsti omanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´kmμdðan . n&y mYyeT[t Rtg´bTza ²brimuxM stw³ enH bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþI GZib|ay
tamn&yEdlRBHsarIbuRt
eBalehIy
kñúgbdismÖiTa
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
y¨agenHza; Rtg´Baküza ²bri³ manGtæza kMNt´ Rtg´Baküza
maM RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkeZVInUvsti edaysμartIenaH edayjaN
²muxM³ manGtæza Zm(CaeRK]gnaMecj Rtg´bTza ²sti³ manGtæ
enaH .l. kalRBHeyaKI dwgc|as´nUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾Et
za RbugRby&tñ eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²taMgstioman
mYy minraymay edayGMNacéndegØImecj sRmab´GñkBicar-
muxeq¬aHeTArk ‘kmμdðan’ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
Na
enHKWCaesckþIseg¡b kñúg
eXIjnUvZm(CaeRK]grlas´ecjcakkiels
edayGMNac
bdismÖiTaenaH za ²RBHeyaKI eZVIsti omankarnaMecj cakZ(m
éndegØImcUl sRmab´GñkBicarNaeXIjnUvZm(CaeRK]grlas´ecj
EdlCasRtUv EdlxøÜnkMNt´ehIy³ dUecñH .
cakkiels sti k*tm,l´enAmaM RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkeZVInUvsti edaysμartIenaH edayjaNenaH³ dUecñH .
‘setakarI’ Baküza ²Pikú¡enaH mansti dkdegØImecj³ esckþIza Pikú¡ enaH
Gg<úyy¨agenHehIy
minlHbg´nUvstienaH
nig
tMkl´stiy¨agenHehIy
kal
eQμaHza mansμartI dkdegØImecjhñwgÉg
mansμartI dkdegØImcUl .
GZib|ayza Pikú¡GñkeZVInUvsti .
‘Eks&BÞGsSasbsSas;’ bNþa:LITaMgenaH :LIza ²TIXM va GsSsenþa³ KWjúaMg xül´dkdegØImecjEvg oRbRBwtþeTAkþI .
kñúgGdðkzaRBHvin&y k*
elakeBalza ²xül´ecjeTAxageRkA eQμaHza GsSas; xül´
«LÚvenH RBHeyaKIPikú¡ CaGñkeZVInUvsti edayGakar;TaMg
cUleTAxagkñúg eQμaHza bsSas;³ . EtkñúgGdðkzaRBHsURtTaMg
LayNa edIm|IRTg´sMEdgnUvGakar;TaMgLayenaH eTIbRTg´Rtas´
Lay mkehIypÞúyKña ‘nwgGdðkzaRBHvin&y’ . bNþaxül´TaMgBIr
za ²TIXM va GsSsenþa³ dUecñHCaedIm . EmnBit kñúgbdismÖiTa
enaH kñúgeBlEdlstVTaMgLayTaMgBYg GñkedkenAkñúgKP( ecj
kñúgviPg<én:LIenaHÉgza ²Pikú¡enaH mansμartI dkdegØImecj man
mkGMBIépÞénmata xül´BÆd*xagkñúg ecjmkxageRkA muneK xül´
sμartIdkdegØImcUl³ k*elakeBalBaküenH za ²RBHeyaKI CaGñk
xageRkA naMyknUvZUlId*lÁit cUleTAxagkñúg CaxageRkay luH
eZVIsti edayGakar; 32 KWkalRBHeyaKI dwgc|as´nUvPaB éncitþ
dl´RkGUmmat´ k*rlt´eTA . bNÐitKb|IRCabxül´dkdegØImecj
manGarmμN¾EtmYy minraymay edayGMNayéndegØImecjEvg
nig xül´dkdegØImcUl y¨agdUecñH mun .
stik*tm,l´enAmaM RBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvsti edaysμartIenaH eday
cMENkPaBEvg nig xøI énxül´TaMg 2 enaHÉNa PaBEvg
jaNenaH kalRBHeyaKI dwgc|as´ nUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾Et
nig xøI enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacénGTÆan; ‘ry;eBl’ .
mYy minraymay edayGMNayéndegØImcUlEvg sti k*tm,l´enA
eRb[bdUcCa Twk ß dIxSac´ EdlpSayeTA rhUtGTÆan; KWOkas
1-
‘Evg ß xøI’ ehIyfitenA
suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 119-120 .
elakehAza TwkEvg
dIxSac´Evg TwkxøI
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
dIxSac´xøI y¨agNamij xül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl
mYy .
dUcCaelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa za ; sYrza ²Pikú¡
sUm|IEdllÁity¨agéRkElg júaMgGTÆan; ‘KWry;eBl’ Evg kñúg
kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImecjEvg
ragkayéndMrI nig kñúgragkayénBs´ eBalKWGtþPaB éndMrI nig
kaldkdegØImcUlEvg k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImcUlEvg
Bs´TaMgBIrenaH oeBjCasnSwm> ehIyecjeTA k*snSwm> Edr
etIdUcemþc³ .
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza xül´dkdegØIm ‘éndMrI nig Bs´’
eqøIyza ² ‘1’ Pikú¡ dkecj nUvdegØImecjEvg kñúgcMENk
Evg . xül´enaH júaMgGTÆan; ‘KWry;eBl’ xøI eBalKWGtþPaB én
énkalEvg ‘2’ dkcUl nUvdegØImcUlEvg kñúgcMENk énkalEvg
stVTaMgLay manEqÁ nig TnSayCaedIm oeBj y¨agqab´rh&s
‘3’ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUlEvg kñúg
ehIyecjmk k*qab´rh&spgEdr eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBal
cMENkénkalEvg .
za xül´dkdegØIm ‘énEqÁ nig TnSay’ xøI . edayGMNacénGTÆan;KWkal
cMENkkñúgBYkmnusS
mnusSTaMgLayxøH
dkdegØImecj
kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI
dkcUlkþI
nUvdegØImecj ß degØIm
cUlEvg kñúgcMENkénkalEvg ‘eRcIndg’ qnÞ; ‘cMNg´kñúgGVImYy’
nig dkdegØImcUlEvg dUcCastVTaMgLay mandMrI nig Bs´CaedIm
rEmgekIteLIg
mnusSBYkxøH dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUlxøI dUcCastVtUc>
CagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacénqnÞ; ‘5’ dkcUl
TaMgLaymanEqÁ nig TnSayCaedIm eRBaHehtuenaH xül´dkdegØIm
nUvdegØImcUlEvg
énmnusSTaMgLaynu@H kalecjkþI kalcUlkþI Gs´ry;eBlEvg
edayGMNacénqnÞ; ‘6’ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß
k*Kb|IRCabza Evgç kalecjkþI kalcUlkþI Gs´ry;eBlxøI k*
degØImcUlEvgd*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg eday
Kb|IRCabza xøI edayGMNacénkal k*y¨agenaHEdr .
GMNacénqnÞ; .
‘Gana:nsStiCakayanubsSnastibdðan’ kñúgkiriyadkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl Evg nig xøIenaH
‘4’ Pikú¡dkecj nUvdegØImecjEvgd*lÁitéRkElg
d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH
kñúgcMENkénkalEvg
kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUl Evgd*éRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacénqnÞ;
Pikú¡enH kaldkdegØImecj nig kaldkdegØImcUlEvg k*dwgc|as´
‘eRcIndg’ :muC¢; ‘esckþIrIkray’ rEmgekIteLIg
za ²GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUlEvg³ edayGakar;TaMg
ecjnUvdegØImecjEvgd*lÁitCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg eday
Lay 9 . k*kalebIPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´y¨agenH bNÐitKb|IRCab
GMNacén:muC¢; ‘8’ dkcUl nUvdegØImcUlEvgd*lÁitéRkElgCag
za ²karcMerInkayanubsSnastibdðan rEmgseRmc edayGakar;
enaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNacén:muC¢; ‘9’ dkecjkþI
‘7’ Pikú¡ dk
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ßdegØImcUlEvgd*lÁitCagenaH kñúgcMENk
eRBaHehtuenaH
énkalEvg edayGMNacén:muC¢; ‘esckþIrIkray’ .
BicarNaeXIjc|as´nUvkay kñúgkay³ dUecñH .
kalPikú¡ dkecjkþI dkcUlkþI nUvdegØImecj ß degØImcUl
eTIbelakeBalza
karcMerInstibdðan
KWkar
Pikú¡enH kaldwgc|as´ nUvdegØImecj nig degØImcUl eday
Evg d*éRkElgCagenaH kñúgcMENkénkalEvg edayGMNac én
Gakar;TaMgLay
esckþIrIkray ‘eRcIndg’ citþ k*XøatecjGMBIdegØImecj ß degØIm
GMNacénkalxøI y¨agdUecñH bNÐtiKb|IRCabza ²Pikú¡enaH eQμaHza
cUlEvg óebk¡a k*taMgenAs)b´ .
kaldkdegØImecjEvg k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImecjEvg
enH kayKWdegØImecj nig degØImcUlEvg edayGakar; 9 y¨ag EdleQμaHza óbdðan sti
eQμaHza GnubsSnajaN
Rtg´cugRcmuH énPikú¡enaHÉg .
‘EksBVkayb|disMevTI’
KWkarBicarNaeXIj nUvkay kñúgkay’ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
xül´degØImecjEvg kñúgcMENkénkalEvg³ Edlelak:neBal ehIy kñúgbTKWxül´degØImEvgnu@H y¨agNamij kñúgbTKWxül´degØIm xøIenH mkehIyza ²rsSM GsSasM «tþrsg¡aet GsSsti Pikú¡dk ecj nUvdegØImecjxøI kñúgcMENkénkalxøI³ k*y¨agenaHEdr eRBaH ehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRbkbBakü edayGMNacénrsSs&BÞ rhUt dl´Bakü za ²etn vuc©ti kaey kayanubsSna stib|dðanPavna 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 121 .
eday
xül´degØImcUl k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
‘karcMerInstibdðan
Baküza ²TIXM GsSasM GTÆansg¡aet
nig
xül´ 4 y¨ag KWxül´degØImecjEvg nig xøI sUm|I
stienaHpg edayjaNenaHpg eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBal
enH CaesckþIEbøkKña .
edayGMNacénkalEvg
dUecñHÉg . k*kalebIPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´ y¨agdUecñH
óbdðanpg eQμaHzastipg Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjnUvkayenaH eday
n&ysUm|IkñúgbTKWxül´degØImxøI k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr . bu¨Enþ
enH
ß kaldkdegØImcUlxøI k*dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImcUlxøI³
kay eQμaHza óbdðan minEmneQμaHza sti eT sti eQμaHza
za ²kaey kayanubsSna stib|dðanPavna
9
‘166’
Baküza ²Pikú¡enaH sikSaza GatμaGj kMNt´dwg
nUvkay KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg eTIbdkdegØImecjÇÇÇ dkdegØImcUl³ enaH
KWPikú¡enaH sikSaza ²GatμaGj kaleZVInUvxagedIm kNþal
nig cug énkay KWdegØImecjTaMgGs´ oCarbs´EdlxøÜn:ndwg KWeZVI ‘degØImenaH’ o:nR:kdc|as´ eTIbdkdegØImecj³ . sikSa za ²GatμaGj kaleZVInUvxagedIm kNþal nig cug énkay KW degØImcUlTaMgGs´
oCarbs´EdlxøÜn:ndwg
o:nR:kdc|as´ eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ . enaH’ oCarbs´EdlxøÜn:ndwg
KWeZVI
‘degØImenaH’
Pikú¡enaHkaleZVI ‘degØIm
KWeZVIo:nR:kdc|as´ y¨agenH
visuTÆimK< ERb
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102
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
k*eQμaHza dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl edaycitþEdlRbkb
cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvsik¡aTaMg 3 enaH dUceBalmkehIyenH kñúg
RBmedayjaN . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²Pikú¡enaH
GarmμN¾enaH edaystienaH edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþenaH³ dUecñH .
sikSaza GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl³ dUecñHCaedIm .
kñúgctuk,;TI1 enaH kñúgn&ymun RBHeyaKIKb|IdkdegØImecj
EmnBit sRmab´Pikú¡Gg<xøH xagedIm kñúgkay KWdegØImecj
dkdegØImcUl Etmüa¨gbu¨eNÑaH nig minKYreZVIkic©GVI> eT Etza cab´
kþI kñúgkay KWdegØImcUlkþI EdlsÞúHeTAy¨aglÁit rEmgR:kd Rtg´
edImGMBIenHeTA Kb|IeZIVesckþIBüayam kñúgGakar;TaMgLay man
kNþal nig xagcug minR:kdeT .
Pikú¡enaH GackMNt´Etxül´
karjúaMgjaN oekIteLIgCaedIm eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH
xagedImbu¨eNÑaH EtglM:k Rtg´xül´kNþalnigxagcug . sMrab´
bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´:LI edayGMNac
Pikú¡Gg<xøH R:kd Rtg´kNþal bu¨EnþxagedIm nig cug minR:kd .
énbc©úb|nñkal za GsSsamIti bCanati bsSsamIti bCanati
sMrab´Pikú¡Gg<xøH xagcug R:kd bu¨Enþ xagedIm nig kNþal min
Pikú¡dwgc|as´za GatμaGj dkdegØImecj dwgc|as´za GatμaGj
Pikú¡enaH GackMNt´ nUvxül´xagcugEtbu¨eNÑaH Etg
dkdegØImcUl dUecñH kñúgn&ymunenaH ehIyeTIbRTg´elIkyk:LI
lM:k Rtg´xül´xagedIm nig kNþal . sMrab´Pikú¡Gg<xøH R:kd
mk edayGMNacénBaküCaGnaKtkal edayn&ymanCaedIm za
RKb´xül´TaMgGs´ Pikú¡enaH GackMNt´:nTaMgGs´ minlM:k Rtg´
sBVkayb|disMevTI GsSsisSami
xül´NamYyeLIy .
RBHd*manRBHPaK kalRTg´sMEdgza ²RBH
nUvkay KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg nwgdkdegØImecj dUecñH edIm|IsMEdg
eyaKI Kb|ICaGñkR:kddUecñaH³ eTIbRTg´Rtas´ za ²Pikú¡ sikSaza
nUvGakar;mankarjúaMgjaN oekIteLIgCaedIm EdlKb|IeZVI cab´
GatμaGj
edImGMBIn&ymunenHeTA³ dUecñHÉg .
R:kdeT .
CaGñkkMNt´dwgnUvkay
degØImecj .l.
KWdegØImecjTaMgBYg
eTIbdk
eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ dUecñHCaedIm .
GatμaGj CaGñkkMNt´dwg
‘EkbsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM’
bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²sikSa³ KW RbwgERbg Büayam
Baküza ²Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar
y¨agenH . müa¨geT[t esckþIGZib|ay kñúgbTenH bNÐitKb|I
eTIbdkdegØImecj .l. eTIbdkdegØImcUl³ enaH KWPikú¡sikSaza
RCabza ²esckþIsRgYmÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:kddUecñaH esckþIsRgYm
²GatμaGj kalrmáab´ Bnøt´ rMlt´ b®g,abkaysg¡ar ‘BYkxül´
enH CaGZisIlsik¡a kúñgbTenH smaZiÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:ddUecñaH
degØImEvgxøIEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay’ EdleRKatRKat eTIbdkdegØIm
smaZienH CaGZicitþsik¡a kñúgbTenH
ecj dkdegØImcUl³ dUecñH .
bJ¦aÉNa énPikú¡GñkR:kd
dUecñaH bJ¦aenH CaGZibJ¦asik¡a kñúgbTenH Pikú¡sikSa KW esB
kñúger]genH PaBeRKatRKat nig PaBlÁitkþI
esckþIsáb´kþI
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH ; k*kay nig citþ rbs´Pikú¡enH kñúg
sYrza ²dMeNIrenaH eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHesckþIBitza
kalmun
kñúgkalmun eBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt´ ‘nUvkmμdðanenaH’ karrMBwg
eBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt´
‘nUvGana:nsStikmμdðan
enaH’ Cakaycitþ manesckþIRkvl´Rkvay eRKatRKat .
kalebI
Kit karRbmUlcitþ kareZVITukkñúgcitþ karBicarNa za ²GatμaGj
sUm|Ixül´dk
rmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar EdleRKatRKat>³ dUecñH minman dl´Pikú¡enaH
degØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl k*eRKatRKat RbRBwtþeTA man
EtkñúgeBlEdl:nkMNt´ ‘nUvkmμdðanenaH’ ehIy eTIbman eRBaH
kMLaMgxøaMgkøa RcmuH minRKb´RKan´ Qr dkdegØImecjxøH dkdegØIm
ehtuenaH
cUlxøH tammat´ . k*kñúgeBlNa TaMgkay TaMgcitþ rbs´Pikú¡enaH
kmμdðan’ ehIy rEmglÁitCageBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt´ehIy .
KWxøÜn:nkMNt´ehIy kñúgeBlenaH kay nig citþenaH k*CaZmμCat
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCae:raNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;
PaBeRKatRKat énkay nig citþ minTan´sáb´rmáab´
sáb´rmáab´ehIy . kalebIkay nig citþTaMgenaH sáb´rmáab´ehIy xül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl Caxül´d*lÁit rEmg RbRBwtþeTA Caxül´dl´nUvGakar; EdlKYrBicarNaza ²man ß min manhñ@/³ . dUcCaxül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl én buK<lEdlrt´cuHmkGMBIPñM ß Tmøak´Par;d*Zán´ecjGMBIk|al ehIy Qr Caxül´eRKatRKat RcmuH minRKb´RKan´ k*Qr dkdegØImecj
kaysg¡ar
énPikú¡enaH
kñúgeBlEdl:nkMNt´
‘nUv
k*kalebIkay nig citþ Rkvl´RkvayehIy kaysg¡ar
k*rEmgRbRBwtþeTAeRKatRKatEdr
kalebI
kay nig citþ minRkvl´RkvalehIy kaysg¡ar rEmgRbRBwtþeTA y¨aglÁit .
‘n&ypøÚvsmz;’
xøH dkdegØImcUlxøH tammat´ . k*kñúgeBlNa buK<lenaH benÞa
sUm|IkúñgeBlEdl:nkMNt´ ‘kmμdðan’ kaysg¡ar k*rab´
bg´ nUvesckþIen]yht´enaHehIy gUtTwk nig pwkTwkehIy dak´
za enAeRKatRKat kñúgóbcar; énbfmCÄan eTIblÁit sUm|Ikñúg
sMBt´TTwkelIebHdUg ehIyedkenAeRkammøb´d*RtCak´ kñúgeBlenaH
óbcar; énbfmCÄanenaH k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat kñúgbfmCÄan
xül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUlTaMgenaH énbuK<lenaH
eTIblÁit kñúgbfmCÄan nig kñúgóbcar;énTutiyCÄan k*rab´za enA
Caxül´d*lÁit dl´nUvGakar; KYrBicarNaza ²man ß minmanhñ@/³
eRKatRKat kñúgTutiyCÄan eTIblÁit kñúgTutiyCÄan nig kñúgób-
dUecñH y¨agNamij
kñúgkalmun eBlEdlminTan´:nkMNt´ ‘nUv
car;énttiyCÄan k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat kñúgttiyCÄan eTIblÁit
Gana:nsStikmμdðanenaH’ kay nig citþ énPikú¡enH .l. Cakay
kúñgttiyCÄan nig kñúgóbcar;énctutæCÄan k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat
dl´nUvGakar;KYrBicarNaza ²man ß minmanhñ@³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
kñúgctutæCÄan lÁitéRkElg dl´nUvkarRbRBwtþieTAmin:nEmnBit³ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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106
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
BaküEdl:neBalmkenH Camti énRBHTIXPaNk; ‘GñkeBal
kiriyakMNt´nUvGrUb eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´ nUvGrUb
Km¬IrTIXnikay’ nig RBHsMyutþPaNk; ‘GñkeBalKm¬IrsMyutþ-
enaHesat k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´
nikay’ . EtRBHmCÄimPaNk; ‘GñkeBalKm¬IrmCÄimnikay’ TaMg
nUvrUb nig GrUb eTIblÁit
Lay EtgR:zña sUm|Ikñúgóbcar; énQanzñak´x¬s´> za lÁitéRk
GrUbenaHesat k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriya
ElgCagQanzñak´eRkam> y¨agenHza ²kñúgbfmCÄan kaysg¡ar
kMNt´ nUvbc©&y eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´ nUvbc©&y
rab´za enAeRKatRKat kñúgóbcar; énTutiyCÄan eTIblÁit³ dUecñH .
enaHesat k*rab´za enARKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyaeXIj
bu¨EnþebItammti
nUvnamrUb RBmTaMgbc©&y eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyaeXIj
énGacarüTaMgLayTaMgBYghñwgÉg
:nesckþIza
kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´ nUvrUb nig
²kaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkalEdlmin:nkMNt´ ‘kmμdðan’
nUvnamrUb
rEmgsáb´rmáab´ kñúgkalEdl:nkMNt´ ‘nUvkmμdðan’ kaysg¡ar
kaysg¡ar kñúgvibsSnaEdlman‘éRt’lk¡N¾CaGarmμN¾eTIblÁit.
EdlRbRBwtþeTA
kaysg¡ar kñúgvibsSna EdlmankMLaMgexSay k*rab´za enAeRKat
kñúgkalEdl:nkMNt´
‘nUvkmμdðan’
rEmgsáb´
rmáab´ kñúgóbcar; énbfmCÄan .l. kaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgóbcar;énctutæCÄan rEmgsáb´rmáab´ kñúgctutæCÄan³ .
enH Ca
n&y kñúgsmz; mun .
k*rab´za
enAeRKatRKart
.
RKat kñúugvibsSna EdlmankMLaMg eTIblÁit . kñúgvibsSnaenaH esckþIrmaáb´ énkaysg¡ar Edlmankñúg mun> edaykaysg¡ar Edlmanxagcug> bNÐitKb|IRCab tam
‘n&ypøÚvvibsSna’ ‘167’
RBmTaMgbc©&yenaHesat
cMENkkñúgvibsSna
kaysg¡ar
n&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunhñwgÉg . EdlRbRBwtþeTA
esckþIeRKatRKat nig esckþIlÁitkþI nig esckþIsáb´rmáab´kþI
ehIy kñúgkiriyakMNt´ k*enAeRKatRKat kñúgkiriyakMNt´nUvmha-
bNÐitKb|IRCab kñúgbTenaH za ²bsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM GsS-
PUtrUb eTIblÁit sUm|Ikaysg¡ar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkiriyakMNt´
sisSami bsSsisSami³ dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .
nUvmhaPUtrUbenaHesat k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúg karkMNt´nUvó:TayrUb eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´ nUv ó:TayrUbenaHesat k*rab´za enAeRKatRKat . kaysg¡ar kñúg kiriyakMNt´ nUvrUbTaMgmUl eTIblÁit kaysg¡ar kñúgkiriyakMNt´ nUvrUbTaMgmUlenaHesat k*rab´zaenAeRKatRKat .
kaysg¡ar kñúg
‘GtæaZib|aykñúgbdismÖiTamK<’ cMENkkñúgbdismÖiTa
elakeBalesckþIenH
énBaküza
²bsSmÖyM kaysg¡arM³ dUecñHenH mYyGenøIedaykarecaT nig kar eqøIy y¨agdUecñHza ²sYrza; Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´nUv kaysg¡ar eTIbdkdegØImecj .l. eTIbdkdegØImcUl etIdUcemþc
visuTÆimK< ERb kaysg¡ar etIdUcemþc / ³ . RbRBwtþeTA
kñúgkay
107
eqøIyza ²Zm(TaMgLayenH Edl
KWxül´degØImecj
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
dkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGjkalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar eTIbdk
xül´degØImcUlEvg
degØImcUl edayGakar;y¨agenHehIy kalebIy¨agenH karR:kd
EdlCaZm(Cab´edaykay eQμaHza kaysg¡ar . Pikú¡ kaljúaMg
énkar:nnUvxül´k*man karR:kd énxül´degØImecj nig xül´
kaysg¡arTaMgLayenaHormáab´ KWzaorMlt´ osáb´rmáab´ eQμaH
degØImcUlk*man karR:kd énGana:nsStik*man TaMgkarR:kd
za sikSaza
énGana:nsStismaZik*man
.l.
nig
108
‘KW’ sikSaza karOn kargak karTeRmt
BYkbNÐit
eTIbcUlkan´smabtþi
karQm karrJ¢Üy karGnÞHsa karkeRmIk karjab´j&r Na én
enaHpg ecjcaksmabtþienaHpg dMeNIrenaHeRb[bdUcCaGVI eRb[b
kay edaykaysg¡arTaMgLay mansPaBy¨agNa GatμaGj
dUcCarKaMgEdleKeKaH sMeLgeRKatRKat rEmgRbRBwtþeTACadMbUg
kalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar
eTIbdkdegØImecj
eRBaHbuK<lkan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ
sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´ nUvkaysg¡ar eTIbdkdegØImcUl
énsMeLg d*eRKatRKat kalebIsMeLgd*eRKatRKat rlt´ehIy
sikSaza karminOn karmingak karminTeRmt karminQm kar
bnÞb´mk sMeLgd*lÁit rEmgRbRBwtþeTA CaxageRkay eRBaHbuK<l
minrJ¢Üy karminGnÞHsa karminkeRmIk karminjab´j&r Na én
kan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ énsMeLg
kay edaykaysg¡arTaMgLay mansPaBy¨agNa GatμaGj
d*lÁit kalebIsMeLgd*lÁit rlt´ehIy bnÞab´mk citþ k*rEmg
kalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar
RbRBwtþeTA
mansPaBy¨agenaH
d*lÁitsuxum
mansPaBy¨agenaH
eTIb
dkdegØImecj eTIbdkdegØImcUl .
GarmμN¾
CaxageRkay
eRBaHcitþmannimitþ
manóbmadUcemþcmij
énsMeLgd*lÁitCa
manóbemyüdUcCaxül´degØIm
:n»za Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´ nUvkaysg¡ar
ecj nig xül´degIØmcUl d*eRKatRKat rEmgRbRBwtþeTA CadMbUg
eTIbdkdegØImecj sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´ nUvkaysg¡ar
eRBaHbuK<lkan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ nUvnimitþ
eTIbdkdegØImcUl
kalebIy¨agenH
énxül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUld*eRKatRKat kalebIxül´
karR:kd énkar:nnUvxül´ minTan´man karR:kd éndegØImecj
degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl d*eRKatRKat rlt´ehIy bnÞb´mk
nig cUl k*minTan´man karR:kd énGana:nsSti k*minTan´man
xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUld*lÁit rEmgRbRBwtþeTA Caxag
TaMgkarR:kd énGana:nsStismaZi k*minTan´maneT bNÐitTaMg
eRkay eRBaHbuK<lkan´yklÁ eRBaHeZVITukkñúgcitþlÁ eRBaHcaMTuklÁ
Lay rEmgmincUlkan´smabtþienaHpg minecjcaksmabtþienaH
nUvnimitþ
pg :n»za Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj kalrmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar eTIb
xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUld*lÁit
edayGakar;y¨agenHehIy
énxül´degØImecj
nig
xül´degØImcUld*lÁit rlt´ehIy
kalebI bnÞab´mk
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
citþ k*mindl´nUvesckþIraymay kñúgkalCaxageRkay eRBaHcitþ
GaTikmμikkulbuRt GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvkmμdðanenH ehIyseRmc
yknimitþ énxül´degØImecj nig degØImcUl d*lÁitCaGarmμN¾ k*
nUvRBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay edayvibsSna Edl
y¨agenaHEdr kalebIy¨agenH karR:kd énkar:nnUvxül´k*man
manGana:nsStictutæCÄan CabTdðan Kb|IeZVInUvkic©TaMgBYg TaMg
karR:kd énxül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUlk*man karR:kd
Lay mankarCRmHnUvsIl tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúg
énGana:nsStik*man TaMgkarR:kdénGana:nsStismaZik*man
kalmunhñwgÉg ehIyer[nyknUvkmμdðan EdlmansnÆi ‘tMN’ 5
bNÐitTaMgLay
kñúgsMNak´ énGacarümanRbkar;EdleyIgeBalehIy .
rEmgcUlkan´smabtþienaHpg
rEmgecjcak
smabtþienaHpg kayKWxül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl rbs´ Pikú¡kalrmáab´ nUvkaysg¡ar eQμaHzaóbdðan sti eQμaHzaGnu-
‘bJ©snÆi’ enH CatMN 5 kñúgGana:nsStienaH
KW; kiriyaer[nyk
bsSnajaN kay eQμaHzaóbdðan mineQμaHzastieT cMENk
kiriyasaksYr kiriyaR:kd kiriyasMerc kiriyakMNt´ . kñúgsnÆi
xagsti
rEmg
5 y¨agenaH karer[nyknUvkmμdðan eQμaHza óK<h; . karsak
BicarNaeXIjnUvkayenaH edaystienaH edayjaNenaH eRBaH
sYrnUvkmμdðan eQμaHza bribucäna . karR:kdc|as´ énkmμdðan
ehtuenaH elakeBalza karBicarNaeXIjnUvkaykñúgkay KWkar
eQμaHza óbdðan; . karsMercnUvkmμdðan eQμaHza Gb|na . kar
cMerInnUvstib|dðan ‘1’ ³ .
kMNt´nUvkmμdðan GZib|ayza ; karRTRTg´TuknUvsPav; énkmμdðan
eTIbeQμaHza
óbdðanpg
eQμaHzastipg
Pikú¡
enHCakarBN(nabTtamlMdab´énctuk,;TI1 EdlRTg´Rtas´ edayGMNacénkayanubsSna kñúgGana:nsStienaH CadMbUg .
za ²kmμdðanenH manlk¡N;y¨agenH³ dUecñH eQμaHza lk¡N; . RBHeyaKIkaler[nyknUvkmμdðanEdlmansnÆi 5 y¨agenH minlM:kedayxøÜnÉgpg TaMgmineb[teb[nGacarüpg eRBaHehtu
‘viZIhVwkhat´eZVI’ ‘168’ k*eRBaHzakñúgctuk,;TaMg 4 enaH ctuk,;enHÉg KWRBH
enaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMgGacarü osMEdgbnþicehIy sVaZüay
énGaTikmμikeyaKI
Gs´kaleRcIn er[nyknUvkmμdðanEdlmansnÆi 5 y¨agenHehIy
cMENkctuk,;TaMgLay 3 eRkAenH RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´ehIy eday
enAkñúgsMNak´énGacarük*:n kñúgTIesnasn;déT manRbkar;dUc
GMNac énevTnanubsSna citþanubsSna nig ZmμanubsSna én
eBalmkehIy kñúgkalmunk*:n manblieBaZtUc>pþac´bg´ehIy
RBHeyaKI Gñk:nnUvQanehIy kñúgbfmCÄanenH eRBaHehtuenaH
manP&tþkic©eZVIehIy benÞabg´nUvesckþIRsvwgkñúgP&tþ Gg<úyoRsYl
manRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´
1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
edayGMNacénkmμdðan
PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 145 .
eZVIcitþorIkray edaykiriyarlwker]y> nUvKuNRBHrtnéRtehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
111
112
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
kMuoePøcPøaMgsUm|IbTmYy GMBIkarer[nGMBIGacarü Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
Kb|IsMEdgkarrab´ dac´Rtg´cenøaH . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIbJÄb´
nUvGana:nsStikmμdðanenH .
xageRkam cMnYn 5 citþúb|aT rEmgjab´j&r kñúgOkasd*cegÁ{t dUc
‘viZImnsikar’
CahVÚgeKa
‘169’ enHCaviZImnsikar kñúgGana:nsStikmμdðanenaH KW;
EdlnayeKa:lXaMgTukehIy
kñúgeRkald*cergÁ{t
jab´j&rdUecñaH . kalRBHeyaKInaMeTA xagelI cMnYn 10 citþúb|aT
1- KNna
karrab´ç
rEmgGaRs&yenAEtnwgkarrab´hñwgÉg . kalebIRBHeyaKI sMEdg
2- GnuBnÆna
karcgeRk[kç
karrab´dac´ kñúgcenøaH citþ rEmgkeRmIkjab´j&r za ²kmμdðan rbs´
3- pusna 4- fbna
7- :risuTÆi
RBHeyaKI Kb|Iev[r nUveTasTaMgLayenHehIy rab´cuH .
kartMkl´nUvcitþç
5- sløk¡Na 6- vivdþna
GatμaGj dl´TIbMput ßhñ@ ß minTan´dl´TIbMput³ eRBaHehtuenaH
karBal´RtUvç
‘karrab´yWt>’
karkMNt´Cak´ç
k*GaTikmμikkulbuRt kalrab´ Kb|Irab´ edayviZIrab´yWt>
karpøas´bþÚrç
KWrab´dUcCabuK<lGñkval´RsUv CadMbUg . EmnBit buK<lGñkval´
esckþIbrisuTÆiç
8- etsJ© bdibsSna nig R:C\aeXIjnUvmK< nig plTaMgenaH. kñúgbTTaMgenaH karrab´hñwgÉg eQμaHza KNna . karnaM mktamlMdab´ eQμaHza GnuBnÆna . TIEdlBal´RtUv eQμaHza pusna . karsMerc eQμaHza fbna . kareXIjc|as´ eQμaHza sløk¡Na . mK< eQμaHza vivdþna . pl eQμaHza :risuTÆi . karBicarNaeXIjc|as´ eQμaHza karBicarNaeXIjc|as´nUvmK< nig plTaMgLayenaH .
GaTikmμikkulbuRtenH
kñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðanenH edaykarrab´ Camun . bJÄb´ xageRkam cMnYn 5
kalbMeBjmþgeT[t eXIjnUvsMramNamYy k*ecalnUvsMramenaH ehIyeBalza ²mYy mYy³ dUecñH .
kúñgkarrab´TaMgLay mankar
rab´za ²BIr BIr³ dUecñH k*mann&ydUcKñaenHEd y¨agNamij
sUm|I
GaTikmμikkulbuRtenH k*Kb|Ikan´yknUvxül´degØImecj nig xül´ degØImcUlEdlR:kd ehIykMNt´nUvxül´ EdlRbRBwtþeTAer]y> enaHÉg ehIyrab´ cab´edImtaMgBI ²mYy mYy³ rhUteTAdl´ ²db´ db´³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
‘KNna viZIrab´’ kñúgmnsikarviZITaMgenaH
RsUv júaMgnaLi oeBjehIy eBalza ²mYy³ ehIyk*cak´ZarcuH
Kb|IeZVITuk
k*kalrab´ minKb|I
minKb|InaMeTA xagelI
cMnYn 10 min
‘viZIrab´rh&s’ kalGaTikmμikkulbuRtenaH
rab´y¨agenH
xül´degØImecj
nig xül´degØImcUl EdlkMBugecj nig kMBugcUl rEmgR:kd .
visuTÆimK< ERb
113
114
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKIenH Kb|IlHbg´ nUvkarrab´yWt KWkarrab´dUc
eRBaHza kñúgkmμdðan EdlCab´Tak´Tg edaykarrab´ citþ CaZmμCat
CabuK<lGñkval´RsUvenaH ehIyrab´ edaykarrab´y¨agel]n KWrab´
manGarmμN¾EtmYy edaykMLaMg énkarrab´hñwgÉg dUcCakarct
dUcCanayeKa:l . EmnBit nayeKa:lEdlqøat dak´nUvRkYs
nUvTUkkñúgExSTwkd*kMNac edayGMNacénkarTb´edayezñal y¨ag
TaMgLay nwgzñk´ manExS nig dMbg kñúgéd edIreTAkan´eRkal taMg
dUecñaHÉg
BIRBlwmRsag eKaHeKaTaMgLay Rtg´xñg Gg<úy elIcugénssr
rEmgR:kd dUcCaRbRBwtþeTAehIy minmancenøaH . bnÞab´mk RBH
Ek|reRkal pÞat´eTAehIy> nUvRkYs ehIyrab´nUvemeKa Edldl´
eyaKIenaH Kb|Idwgza ²kmμdðanrEmgRbRBwtþeTAminmancenøaH³ dUecñH
ehIy> nUvTVarhñwgÉg ehIyrab´za ²mYy BIr³ dUecñH .
hVÚgeKa
ehIy kMukan´yknUvxül´xagkñúg nig xül´xageRkA ehIyrab´eday
EdlenAy¨aglM:k kñúgOkasEdlcegÁ{t Gs´raRtI manyam 3
rh&séRkeBk tamn&ymunhñwgÉg . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKIbJ¢Ún
kalecjmk
ecjeTA
citþeTA CamYynwgxül´EdlcUleTA xagkñúg citþ eRb[bdUcCaRtUv
edayrh&s . nayeKa:lenaH k*rab´ edayrh&s> za ²bI bYn
xül´bk´e:kehIy nig dUcCaeBjehIy edayxøaj´xab´ BÆd*xag
R:MÇÇÇ db´³ dUecñH . kalRBHeyaKIenH rab´ tamn&ymun y¨agenH
kñúg . kalRBHeyaKI naMcitþecjmk CamYynwgxül´ Edlecj
xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl CasPav;R:kd sJ©reTA
mkxageRkA citþ rEmgraymay kñúgGarmμN¾EdlRkas´ BÆd*xag
er]y> y¨agel]n> . bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKIenaHKb|Idwgza ²xül´
eRkA . luHdl´RBHeyaKI tm,l´nUvsti kúñgOkasEdlxül´Bal´
degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl EtgsJ©reTAer]y>³ dUecñHehIy
RtUvehIycMerInhñwgÉg eTIbPavna seRmc .
minkan´yk nUvxül´GsSasbsSas; TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxageRkA
m©as´eBalza ²RBHeyaKI kMukan´yknUvxül´ TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxag
kan´ykEtxül´Edlmkdl´nUvTVarbu¨eNÑaH ehIyrab´el]n> za ;
eRkA ehIyrab´ edayrh&séRkeBk tamn&ymunenaHÉg³ .
k*RbeRc[tKñanwgKña
mansPaBCahVÚg>
1 2 3 4 5ç
.
kalRBHeyaKIenaH
rab´el]n>
y¨agenH
kmμdðan
eRBaHehtuenaH x\úM
sYrza ²k*xül´GsSasbsSas;nu@H etIRBHeyaKI Kb|Irab´
1 2 3 4 5 6ç
yUrbu¨nμaneTA/³ .
1 2 3 4 5 6 7ç
rab´ehIy sti k*taMgenARBm kñúgGarmμN¾ KWxül´degØImecj nig
eqøIyza ²RBHeyaKI Kb|Irab´ rhUtev[rcakkar
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8ç
xül´degØImcUl³ . eRBaHza karrab´ k*edIm|IeZVIkarkat´pþac´ nUvvitk,;
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8 9ç
EdlraldaleTA BÆd*xageRkAehIy tm,l´nUvsti kñúgGarmμN¾ KW
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8 9
10 dUecñHÉg .
GsSasbsSas; o:nhñwgÉg .
RBHeyaKI
luHeZVITukkñúgcitþ
visuTÆimK< ERb
115
116
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
edayviZIrab´ y¨agenHehIy Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarrab´ tam
Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac énkarBal´RtUvpg edayGMNac
lMdab´ ‘bnþeTAeT[t’ .
énkartm,l´Tukpg .
‘GnuBnÆna viZIrab´tamxül´’
EmnBit kareZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénkarBal´RtUv nig
kiriyapÁakTuknUvkarrab´ ehIybJ¢Únsti eTAtamxül´degØIm
kartm,l´Tuk minmanepSg dUcCakareZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNac én
ecj nig xül´degØImcUl minomancenøaH eQμaHza GnuBnÆna .
karrab´ nig karCab´tameT . Etza RBHeyaKIkalrab´ kñúgTIEdl
Etza karbJ¢ÚnenaH minKb|IeZVI edayGMNacénkarbJ¢ÚneTAkan´
xül´Bal´RtUvehIy> hñwgÉg eZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarrab´ nig kar
xagedIm kNþal nig xagcugeT . eRBaHza sMrab´xül´ecjeTA
Bal´RtUv pÁakkarrab´ kñúgTIEdlxül´Bal´RtUvehIy> enaHÉg p©g´
xageRkA p©wt KWxagedIm ebHdUg KWkNþal xagcug KWRcmuH .
stieTAtamxül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH nig tm,l´citþ eday
sMrab´xül´EdlcUleTAxagkñúg cugRcmuH eQμaHzaxagedIm ebHdUg
GMNacénGb|na elakehAza ²eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGnuBnÆnapg
eQμaHza kNþal p©wt eQμaHza xagcug . k*kalRBHeyaKIenaH
edaypusnapg edayfbnapg³ dUecñH . esckþIenHenaH bNÐit
bJ¢ÚneTA nUvxül´GsSasbsSas;enaH
Kb|IRCab edayesckþIóbmaedaybursxVin nig qμaMTVar EdlRBH
raymay
rEmgman
citþ Edldl´nUvesckþI
edIm|IesckþIraymaypg
edIm|Ikiriyajab´
j&rpg . dUcCaRBHsarIbuRt eBalza ²kalPikú¡p©g´sμartIeTAkan´ xül´dkdegØImecj xagedIm kNþal nig xagcug
Gdðkzacarü eBalehIy kñúgGdðkzaTaMgLay nig edayesckþI óbmaedayrNar EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa .
kay nig citþ
bNþaóbmaTaMgenaH enHeKWCasckþIóbma edaybursxVin .
rEmgCasPav;rJ¢Üypg rMePIbpg jab´j&rpg edaysarcitþEdl
bursxVin eyaleTag edIm|Imata nig buRtTaMgLaykMBugelgeTag
e:HeTA kñúgxül´degØImxagkñúg
kalPikú¡p©g´sμartIeTAkan´xül´dk
Gg<úy eT[beCIgssreTag kñúgTIenaHÉg rEmgeXIjnUvTIbMputTaMg
degØImcUl xagedIm kNþal nig xagcug kay nig citþ rEmg
BIrpg nUvBak´kNþalpg énEpnkþareTag EdlmkpgeTApg tam
CasPav;rJ¢Üypg
edaysarcitþEdl
lMdab´ EtzaCaGñkminxVl´xVay edIm|IeXIj nUvTIbMputTaMgBIr nig
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI
Rtg´kNþal y¨agNamij Pikú¡QrenA Ek|rssrEdlcUleTAcg
rMePIbpg
jab´j&rpg
e:HeTAkñúgxül´degØImxageRkA ‘1’ ³ . kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ
eday
edayGMNacénsti eyalnUveTagKWxül´GsSasbsSas;ehIy
GMNacénxül´xagedIm kNþal nig xagcugeT . Etza RBHeyaKI
Gg<úy kñúgnimitþenaHÉg edaysti kalp©g´ edaysti tm,l´citþ
1-
edaykarCab´tam
suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 91 .
minKYreZVITukkñúgcitþ
Rtg´TIEdlxül´Bal´RtUvehIy> hñwgÉg k*rEmgeXIj nUvxagedIm
visuTÆimK< ERb
117
118
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
Rtg´kNþal nig xagcug énxül´GsSasbsSas; kñúgTIEdl
manGZib|aydUcemþc/ . manGZib|ayza ; Zm(TaMgLay 3 enH
xül´TaMgenaH mkpgeTApg Bal´RtUvehIy> edaylMdab´ Etza
minEmnCaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT
Pikú¡enH CaGñkminxVl´xVay edIm|IeXIj nUvxül´GsSasbsSas;
minEmnCaZm( KWPikú¡enaH mindwgeT
TaMgenaH . enHCaóbmaedaybursxVin .
pg bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg TaMgRBHeyaKI k*júaMg
cMENkóbmaedayGñkqμaMTVar mandUcteTAenH . qμaMTVar min
RbeyaK
oseRmcpg
Etza Zm(TaMgLay 3 enH
citþ mindl´nUvesckþIraymay
rEmg:nnUvKuNviess
eRb[bbIdUcCa
BicarNa nUvbursTaMgLay TaMgxagkñúg TaMgxageRkA énnKr za
edImeQIEdleKdaMehIy kñúgPUmiPaKEdlesμI bursKb|Ikat´nUvedIm
²GñkCaGñkNa ß GñkmkGMBITINa GñkeTATINa ßk* GVImanenA kñúg
eQIenHenaH edayrNa sti KWburs‘enaH’ taMgTukehIy eday
édGñk³ dUecñH eRBaHza bursTaMgenaH minEmnCaPar;énqμaMTVarenaHeT
GMNac éneZμjrNar EdlBal´RtUvedImeQI
Etza qμaMTVarBicarNa nUvmnusSEdlmkdl´TVarehIy mkdl´TVar
eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUveZμjrNar EdlmkehIypg EdleTAehIypgeT
ehIyEtbu¨eNÑaHÉg
xül´
Etza eZμjrNar EdlmkehIykþI EdleTAehIykþI k*minEmnburs
ecjeTAxageRkAkþI minEmnCaPar; énPikú¡enHeT xül´Edlmkdl´
enaH mindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg burs
TVarehIy mkdl´TVarehIyhñwgÉg KWCaPar; énPikú¡enH k*y¨agenaH
enaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmcpg
y¨agNamij
xül´cUleTAxagkñúgkþI
Edr . enH CaóbmaedayGñkqμaMTVar . cMENkóbmaedayrNar bNÐitKb|IRCab taMgEtGMBIedIm
bursenaH min:n
rEmg:n nUvKuNviess
y¨agNamijç nimitþCaeRK]gcUleTAcgepÁab eRb[bdUcCaedImeQI EdleKdaMehIy kñúgPUmiPaKEdlesμI xül´degØImecj nig xül´
dUecñHÉg . smdUcCaBaküEdlRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy za ; ‘1’
degØImcUl eRb[bdUcCaeZμjrNarç sti CaZmμCati KWburs taMg
nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl BMuEmn
TukehIy edayGMNacéneZμjrNarEdlBal´RtUvedImeQI Etza
Etza kalPikú¡min
bursenaH min:neZVITukkñúgcitþ nUveZμjrNarEdlmk ß eTAeLIy
nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl min
bursenaH mindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþIBüayam’ rEmgR:kdpg
EmnCaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡
bursenaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmcpg rEmg:nKuNviess
CaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT
dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 Pavna rEmgmin:nsMercç
dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
Pavna rEmg:nsMerc .
PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 104 .
TaMgeZμjrNar
EdlmkehIykþI
EdleTAehIykþI
k*minEmnCa
y¨agNamijç Pikú¡ Gg<úytaMgsti Rtg´cugRcmuHkþI Rtg´nimitþ én mat´kþI mineZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvxül´GsSasbsSas;EdlmkehIy ß
visuTÆimK< ERb
119
EdleTAehIy Etza xül´GsSasbsSas;EdlmkehIykþI Edl eTAehIykþI minEmnCasPav;KWPikú¡enaHmindwgenaHeT bZan ‘esckþI
120
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
enH CaóbmaedayrNar . ‘170’
k*ehtuRtwmEtRBHeyaKIenaHmineZVITukkñúgcitþ eday
Büayam’ rEmgR:kdpg Pikú¡enaH rEmgjúaMgRbeyaK oseRmc
GMNacénxül´GsSasbsSas;bu¨eNÑaH
pg rEmg:nnUvKuNviess k*y¨agenaHEdr .
RbeyaCn¾ kñúgesckþIóbmaedayrNarenH .
bNÐitKb|IRCabza
Ca
Baküza ²bZan³ mansMNYrza bZan etIdUcemþc . eqøIy
k*nimitþ ekIteLIg nig fbna eBalKWGb|na EdlRbdab´
za TaMgkayTaMgcitþ énPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy CaZmμCat
edayGg<Qand*ess rEmgsMerc edaykalminyUrhñwgÉg dl´
KYrdl´kargar enH eQμaHza bZan .
RBHeyaKIBYkxøH EdleZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðanenH . EtsRmab´RBH
sYrza RbeyaK etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza óbk,ielsTaMgLay
eyaKIBYkxøH
nakalesckþIRkvl´RkvaypøÚvkay
sáb´rmáab´ehIy
KWPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy EtglHbg´:n vitk,;TaMgLay
edayGMNacénkarrMlt´ nUvxül´GsSasbsSas; d*eRKatRKat
k*rmáab´:n enH eQμaHza RbeyaK .
tamlMdab´ cab´edImGMBIkalCaTIeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénkar
sYrza KuNviess etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza sMeyaCn;TaMg
rab´ kaykþI citþkþI CaZmμCatRsal srIr; eRb[bbIdUcCadl´nUv
Lay KWPikú¡GñkmanBüayamR:rBÆehIy EtglHbg´:n Gnus&y
Gakar;GENþteLIg BÆd*Gakas . kalRBHeyaKImankayRkvl´
TaMgLay k*dl´nUvesckþIvinas enH eQμaHza KuNviess .
Rkvay Gg<úy elIERKkIþ elItaMgkþI
Zm(TaMg 3 enH minEmnCaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza
ERK nig taMg rEmgRTuDcuH »
RkibeRk[b kMral cab´epþImrYjç Etza kalRBHeyaKIminmankay
Zm(TaMg 3 enH minEmnCaZm( KWRBHeyaKIenaHmindwgenaHeT citþ
Rkvl´Rkvay Gg<úy elIERKkIþ elItaMgkþI
k*mindl´nUvesckþIraymaypg bZan rEmgR:kdpg RBHeyaKI
RTuDcuH min»RkibeRk[beT eRK]gkMralmincab´epþImrYjeT ERK nig
rEmgjúaMgRbeyaKoseRmcpg :nnUvKuNviess dUecñHÉg .
taMg eRb[bdUcCaBUkRtUveKjat´ehIyedaybu¨yKr . eRBaHehtuGVI
Gana:nsSti
buK<lNa:nbMeBjehIy
cMerIn
eRBaHkayEdlminRkvl´Rkvay rEmgCaZmμCatRsal eRBaHehtu
rEmg
ehIy edayGMNacénkiriyarMlt´nUvxül´GsSasbsSas; Edl
ehIy edayRbéB snSMehIy edaylMdab´ o dUcRBHBuTÆRTg´sMEdgTukehIy
buK<lenaH
júaMgelakenH oPøWc|as´ dUcCaRBHc&nÞ Edlput RsLHcakBBk .
ERK nig taMg rEmgmin
Na eRBaHehtuenaH kalesckþIRkvl´Rkvayénkay sám´rmaáb´
eRKatRKat tamlMdab´ cab´edImGMBIkalCaTIeZVITukkñúgcitþ eday GMNacénkarrab´ kaykþI citþkþI CaZmμCatRsal srIr; CaZmμCat
visuTÆimK< ERb
121
122
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eRb[bdUcCadl´nUvGakar;GENþteLIg BÆd*Gakas k*y¨agenaHEdr.
Pikú¡enaH minRtUveRkakcakGasn; ehIyrlas´ nUvkMNat´Es|k
kalxül´GsSasbsSas; d*eRKatRKat rlt´ehIy
edIreTAeLIy . sYrza etIKb|IeZVIy¨agdUcemþc .
citþ rbs´
eqøIyza Pikú¡ min
RBHeyaKIenaH mannimitþKWxül´GsSasbsSas;d*lÁit CaGarmμN¾
KYreRkak edayKitza ²GatμaGj nwgsYrnUvGacarü³ dUecñH ß ßza
rEmgRbRBwtþeTA . sUm|InimitþenaH rlt´ehIy citþ déT> eT[t Ca
²«LÚvenH kmμdðanrbs´GatμaGj vinasehIy³ dUecñHeLIy eRBaH
ZmμCatmannimitþ KWxül´GsSasbsSas; d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaH
za
CaGarmμN¾ rEmgRbRBwtþeTAhñwgÉg. sYrza edayRbkardUcemþc .
kmμdðanenAEtzμI> dEdl eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIGg<úyy¨agNa
eqøIyza ²bNÐitKb|IRCabza eRb[bdUcburseKaHrKaMgsMriTÆi eday
hñwgÉg Kb|InaMmkcakTIkEnøg .
bnÞHelah;d*ZM sMeLgd*xøaMg Kb|IekIteLIg edaykarvayEtmþg
RBHeyaKIkaljúaMg«riyabz
okMerIkehIyeTA
kmμdðan
Ca
‘ó:ynaMxül´’
bu¨eNÑaH citþrbs´bursenaHCacitþmansMeLgeRKatRKatCaGarmμN¾
enHCaó:ynaMmk kñúgBaküenaH . Pikú¡enaH dwgPav;KWkiriya
RbRBwtþeTA . kalsMeLgEdleRKatRKat rlt´ehIy RKaenaH
minR:kd énkmμdðanehIy Kb|IBicarNa dUecñHza ²eQμaHza xül´
eRkaymk citþrbs´bursenaHk*mannimitþénsMeLgd*lÁitCaGarmμN¾
GsSasbsSas;TaMgenH
sUm|IkalnimitþenaH rlt´ehIy
citþ déT> eT[t CaZmμCatman
mandl´buK<lNa ß minmandl´buK<lNa³ dUecñH . tmk kal
nimtþénsMeLg d*lÁitéRkElgCagenaHCaGarmμN¾ rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
RBHeyaKI BicarNay¨agenH k*dwgza ²xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMg
y¨agdUecñaHÉg³ .
EmnBit sUm|IRBHsarIbuRt k*:neBalBakü
enH minmandl´stVTaMgLay BÆd*xagkñúg épÞénmata minmandl´
enH ‘kñúgbdismÖiTamK<’ za ²eRb[bdUcCa nakalrKaMg RtUveKvay
buK<lTaMgLayEdlmuCcuHkñúgTwk mYyvijeT[t minmandl´buK<l
ehIyÇÇdz dUecñHCaedIm .
TaMgLay EdlCaGsJ¦IstV minman dl´buK<lTaMgLayEdl
esckþIBisþar bNÐitKb|IRCab ‘tamn&y
kñúgbdismÖiTaenaHcuH’ .
‘lk¡N;EdlepSgcakkmμdðandéT’
rEmgman
kñúgTINa
minmankñúgTINa
søab´ehIy minmandl´GriybuK<lTaMgLay EdlcUlctutæCÄan minmandl´GriybuK<lTaMgLay GñkRbkbedayrUbPBnigGrUbPB
dUcCakmμdðanTaMgLaydéT rEmgR:kdc|as´ BÆd*xagelI>
minmandl´GriybuK<lTaMgLayEdlcUlnieraZ³ dUecñHehIy Kb|I
y¨agNamij kmμdðanenH mindUecñaHeT . EtzakmμdðanenH kalRBH
BicarNaxøÜn edayxøÜnÉg y¨agenHza ²EnbNÐit ERkgGñkminEmn
eyaKIcMerIn x¬s´eLIgeTA> rEmgdl´nUvPaBd*lÁit mincUleTAdl´
fitenA kñúgépÞénmata minEmnmuCcuH kñúgTwk minEmnCaGsJ¦IstV
karR:kdeLIy . EtzakalkmμdðanenaH minTan´R:kd y¨agenH
minEmnCaGñksøab´ minEmnCaGñkcUl nUvctutæCÄan
minEmnCaGñk
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
RbkbRBmedayrUbPB nig GrUbPB minEmnCaGñkcUlnieraZ xül´
dUcCa kñúgeBlEdlbuK<leZVIkarCul nUvsadksac´m¨t´ sUm|Im¢úl
GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH enAEtmandEdlhñwgÉg EtGñkminGac
d*qμar KWbuK<lKb|IR:zña sUm|IecssMrab´edat nUvec|asénm¢úl d*
edIm|IkMNt´:neT
.
qμaréRkElgCagenaH k*buK<lKb|IR:zñaEdr y¨agNamij kñúgeBl
edayGMNacénxül´Edl
cMerInnUvkmμdðanenH EdlR:kdesμIedaysadksac´m¨t´ sti Edl
Bal´RtUvehIytamRbRktI ehIyjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA . k*
eRb[bdUcCam¢úlpg bJ¦ad*sm|yutþedaystienaHpg EdleRb[b
xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgenH
dUcCaecssMrab´edat nUvec|asénm¢úlpg EdlmankMLaMg KWRBH
bnÞab´mk
eRBaHPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmanR:C\ad*Tn´exSay³
RBHeyaKIenaH
Kb|ItaMgcitþ
sMrab´buK<lmanRcmuHEvg
xÞb´nUv
ekþagRcmuHRbRBwtþeTA . xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgenH sMrab´Gñk
eyaKIKb|IR:zña k*y¨agenaHEdr .
manRcmuHxøI xÞb´nUvbbUrmat´BÆd*xagelI RbRBwtþeTA . eRBaHehtuenaH
k*Pikú¡GñkRbkbedaysti nig bJ¦aTaMgenaH minKYrEsVgrk
RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|Itm,l´nUvnimitþza ²xül´GsSasbsSas; xÞb´
xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH kñúgTIdéTGMBIOkasEdlxül´Bal´
nUvTIeQμaHenH³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´GaRs&ynUvGMNac
RtUv tamRbRktIeT . eRb[bdUcCa GñkERsP¢ÜrERsehIyElgeKa
énRbeyaCn¾enH eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt min
cMerInTaMgLay edjomanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TIeKacr Gg<úysMrakenA
eBalnUvkarcMerInGana:nsSti dl´buK<lGñkePøcPøaMgsti Gñkmin
eRkammøb´ kalebIdUecñaH eKacMerInTaMgenaH rbs´GñkERsenaH Kb|I
dwgxøÜn³ dUecñHCaedIm .
cUleTAkan´dgéRB edayel]n GñkERsEdlCaGñkqøat R:zñacg´
EmnBit
kmμdðanNanimYy
dl´buK<lGñkman
cab´eKaTaMgnu@H ykmkTwmmþgeT[t min:c´eTAtamsñameCIgeKaTaMg
sti GñkdwgxøÜnEtbu¨eNÑaH k*BitEmnehIy k*bu¨EnþzakmμdðandéTeRkA
enaHeT edIreTAkan´dgéRB RKan´Etkan´ykExS nig CnøÜj ehIyedIr
GMBIkmμdðanenH rEmgR:kdc|as´ dl´GñkEdleZVITukkñúgcitþ> . É
tRmg´Rtg´ eTAkan´kMBg´TwkEdleKaTaMgenaH enApþúMKñaEtmþg ehIy
Gana:nsStikmμdðanenH Zán´ karPavnak*Zán´ CaPUmiénmnsikar én
Gg<úyßk*edk . eRkaymk GñkERsenaH eXIjeKaTaMgenaHRtac´
RBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig buRtrbs´RBHBuTÆTaMgLayEdlCamha-
eTA Gs´cMENkénézáehIy cuHkMBg´TwkCaTIRbCMuKña RtaMpg pwkpg
bursbu¨eNÑaH minEmnCakmμdðanzyezakeT nig minEmnCakmμdðan
ehIyeLIgmkQrenA k*ykExScg cak´nwgCnøÜj naMykeTATwm
EdlstVzñak´lμmesB:neT
KWeZVITukkñúgcitþ
eZVIkargar mþgeT[t y¨agNamij
k*rEmgsáb´rmáab´
edayRbkarenaH>
nig
lÁit
rEmgsMerc
edayRbkarNa>
Pikú¡enaH minKb|IEsVgrkxül´
eRBaHehtuenaH
GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH kñúgTIdéTGMBIOkasEdlxül´enaHBal´
kñúgkmμdðanenH sti nig bJ¦a d*mankMLaMgKWRBHeyaKIKb|IR:zña .
RtUvehIytamRbRktI RKan´Etkan´yknUvExSKWsti nig CnøÜjKWbJ¦a
visuTÆimK< ERb
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126
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
tm,l´citþ kñúgOkasEdlxül´Bal´RtUvehIy tamRbRktI ehIy
GaTitük*man .
júaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA d|itza kalPikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ
esckþIepSgKña k*eRBaHPaBénRBHeyaKImansJ¦aepSgKña eRb[bdUc
y¨agenH minyUrbu¨nμaneLIy xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgenaH rEmg
Ca
R:kd dUceKaTaMgLayEdlR:kd Rtg´kMBg´TwkEdlCaTIRbCMucuH
Pikú¡mYyrUb eBalza ²RBHsURtenH R:kddl´elakTaMgLay dUc
tGMBIenaHmk Pikú¡enaHKb|IykExSKWsticg TwmkñúgTIenaHÉg eRsc
CaGIV³ dUecñHç Pikú¡mYyrUb k*eqøIytbza ²R:kddl´x\úM dUcCasÞwgd*ZM
ehIycak´edayCnøÜjKWbJ¦a
EdlhUrecjGMBIPñM³ dUecñHç Pikú¡déTeT[t eqøIyza ²‘nimitþenH’ rEmg
RbkbnUvkmμdðaner]y>
k*y¨agenaH
Edr . kalPikú¡enaH Rbkby¨agenH minyUrbu¨nμan nimitþ k*R:kd .
‘nimitþR:kdepSgKña’
k*ÉkmμdðanenHenaH EtmYyKt´ rEmgR:kd eday
kalPikú¡TaMgLayeRcInrUb
R:kddl´x\úM
Gg<úysVaZüaynUvRBHsURt
dUcCadgéRBmYy³ dUecñHç
kal
Pikú¡mYyrUbeT[t eqøIyza
²‘nimitþenH’ R:kddl´x\úM dUcCaedImeQI EdleBjehIy eday
k*GacarüTaMgLayBYkxøH eBalza ²nimitþenHenaH minEmn
Tmán´énEpø EdlbribUreTAedayEmk manmøb´d*RtCak´³ dUecñH . Emn
CanimitþR:kdesμIEtmYy dl´RBHeyaKITaMgBYgeLIy bu¨Enþza nimitþ
Bit RBHsURtenaH EtmYyKt´ rEmgR:kd dl´Pikú¡TaMgLayenaH
enaH rEmgR:kd dl´RBHeyaKIBYkxøH dUcCabu¨uyKrk*man dUcCa
epSgKña eRBaHPikú¡TaMgenaHmansJ¦aepSgKña y¨agdUecñaH . eRBaHza
bu¨ykb|ask*man
kmμdðanenH ekItGMBIsJ¦a mansJ¦aCaehtu mansJ¦aCaEdnekIt
dUcCaZñarénxül´k*man
EdljúaMgsuxsmösS
oekIteLIg³ .
eRBaHehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²rEmgR:kd edayesckþIepSg
cMENkesckþIvinicä&y kñúgGdðkzaTaMgLay dUcteTAenH . k*nimitþenH
rEmgR:kd
dl´RBHeyaKIBYkxøH
dUcCarUbp,ayk*man
dUcCaduMEkvmNIk*man dUcCadMuEkvmukþak*man sMrab´RBHeyaKIBYkxøH
Kña eRBaHPav;énRBHeyaKITaMgenaH mansJ¦aepSgKña³ dUecñHÉg .
‘er]gZm( 3 Rbkar’ k*kñúgkmμdðanenH citþ
Edlmanxül´degØImecjCaGarmμN¾
CanimitþmansmösSrwg rEmgR:kd dUcCaRKab´kb|ask*man dUcCa
CacitþmYy citþ Edlmanxül´degØImcUlCaGarmμN¾ CacitþmYy citþ
rnukeQIEdlmanxøwmk*man sMrab´RBHeyaKIBYkxøH rEmgR:kd dUc
EdlmannimitþCaGarmμN¾ k*CacitþmYyEdr . EmnBit Zm(TaMgLay
CaExSsgVad*Evgk*man
dUcCaGNþatEpSgk*
bIenH minmandl´buK<lNa kmμdðan énbuK<lenaH rEmgmindl´nUv
man sMrab´RBHeyaKIBYkxøH rEmgR:kd dUcCasrésBIgBagEdl
Gb|napg nUvóbcar;pg . bu¨EnþZm(TaMgbIenH mandl´buK<lNa
latehIyk*man dUcCadM:rBBkk*man dUcCap,aQUkk*man dUcCa
kmμdðan énbuK<lenaHÉg rEmgdl´nUvGb|napg nUvóbcar;pg .
dUcCakRmgp,ak*man
kg´rzk*man dUcCamNÐl énRBHc&nÞk*man nig dUcCamNÐlénRBH
smdUcBaküEdlRBHsarIbuRteBal ‘kñúgbdismÖiTamK<’ za
visuTÆimK< ERb
127
128
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl BMuEmn
cUreZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkmμdðaner]y>³ .
dwgnUvZm(TaMgLay 3 Pavna rEmgmin:nsMercç
Pavna rEmgsMerc dl´RBHeyaKIenaH edayGMNacénfbna cab´
EmnCaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT Etza kalPikú¡
TaMgLay eBalza ;
CaGarmμN¾ rbs´citþEtmYyeT
Etza kalPikú¡min
nimitþ xül´degØImecj nig xül´degØImcUl min dwgnUvZm(TaMgLaybI Pavna rEmg:nsMerc
‘1’
.
‘nimitþR:kdehIyedayeZVIy¨agNa’ ‘171’ RBHTIXPaNacarüTaMgLay eBalehIy y¨agenH za ; k*kalnimitþ R:kdehIy y¨agdUecñH Pikú¡enaH Kb|IeTAkan´ sMNak´énGacarü ehIyR:b´za ²bBiRtelakd*cMerIn GarmμN¾man sPaBEbbenH rEmgR:kd dl´x\úM³ . cMENkGacarü Kb|IR:b´za ²nu@HKWCanimitþ³ ßza ²nu@HminEmnCanimitþ³ dUecñHeT Pikú¡enaHRtUvGacarü R:b´za ²mñalGavuesa ehtuenaH many¨agenHÉg³ ehIyeBalza ²GñkcUreZVITukkñúgcitþ y¨agenHer]y> cuH³ . eRBaHza kalGacarü eBalza ²Canimitþ³ dUecñH Pikú¡enaH rEmgdl´nUvTIbJ©b´ . kal Gacarü eBalza ²minEmnCanimitþeT³ dUecñH Pikú¡enaH k*Gs´esckþI sg¹wm Kb|IesaHGeg<Iy eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH KWGacarüminRtUv R:b´TaMgBIry¨ageLIy RKan´EtRbkbkñúgmnsikarbu¨eNÑaH . cMENkRBHmCÄimPaNkacarüTaMgLay eBalza ²Pikú¡enaH KWGacarüKb|IeBalza ; mñalGavuesa enHCanimitþ Ensb|úrs Gñk 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 104 .
lMdab´enaH RBHeyaKIenH Kb|ItMkl´citþ kñúgnimitþhñwgÉg .
edImGMBIbdiPaKnimitþenHeTA y¨agenHÉg . smdUcRBHburaNacarü
GñkmanR:C\a kalbJÄb´nUvcitþ kñúgnimitþ eZVIo Cak´c|as´ nUvGakar;epSg> eQμaHza cgeRk[kTuk nUvcitþ rbs´xøÜn kñúgxül´GsSasbsSas; .
cab´edImGMBIkarR:kdénnimitþy¨agenH nIvrNZm(TaMgLay CaZmμCat
KWPikú¡enaH
RKbsg,t´ehIyEmnBit
kielsTaMgLay
sáb´esá{mehIy stiCaZmμCatR:kdBit citþk*tMkl´enAmaM eday óbcarsmaZiBitEmn . lMdab´enaH
nimitþenaH
RBHeyaKIenH
minKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
edayBN( minKb|IBicarNa edaylk¡N;eT .
k*bu¨EnþRBHeyaKI
Kb|Iev[r nUvGsb|ayTaMg 7 manGavasCaedIm ehIyesBnUv sb|ayTaMg 7 enaHÉg Kb|IrkSao:nlÁ dUcCaRBHxtþiymehsI EzrkSanUvKP(énesþccRkBtííþ nig dUcCaGñkERsEzrkSakMepIménRsUv salI nig RsUvdMeNIb dUecñaHÉg . bnÞab´mk luHRBHeyaKI rkSanUvnimitþenaH y¨agenHehIy Kb|IeZVIodl´ nUvesckþIcMerInTUlM TUlay edayGMNacénkiriyaeZVITukkñúgcitþ Caer]y> ehIyjúaMg Gb|naekaslø 10 y¨ag odl´RBm ehIyRbkbesckþIBüayam
visuTÆimK< ERb
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GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
o:nRbéB . kalRBHeyaKIenaHBüayamy¨agenH ctuk,CÄan nig
énnamnigrUbenaH . k*RBHeyaKI kalEsVgrk eXIjnamnigrUbenaH
bJ©kCÄan rEmgekIteLIg kñúgnimitþenaH tamlMdab´énBaküEdl
ehIyR:rBÆ nUvkiriyaRbRBwtiþeTA énnamnigrUb kñúgkalTaMgLaybI
eyIgeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNhñwgÉg .
ehIy qøgnUvesckIþsgS&y CaGñkmanesckþIsgS&yqøgputehIy
‘viZIcMerInvibsSna t’
elIkeLIg‘nUvnamrUb’ kan´éRtlk¡N¾ edayGMNacénkarBicarNa
‘kMNt´namrUb’
nUvklab‘:c´’ ehIylHbg´ nUvvibsSnUbki,elsTaMg 10 man
k*Pikú¡ Gñkmanctuk,CÄan nig bJ©kCÄan ekItehIy
OPasCaedIm EdlekIteLIg kñúgbuBVPaK énóTyBVyanubsSna
y¨agenH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInkmμdðan edayGMNacénsløk¡Na
‘kiriyaBicarNaeXIjnUvkarekIt nig karrlt´’ ehIykMNt´ nUv
nig vivdþna ehIydl´nUvesckþIbrisuTÆi kñúgGana:nsStiPavnaenH
bdibTajaN EdlputehIy cakóbki,elsTaMgLay za CamK<
rEmgeZVIQanenaHÉg
ehIy
‘172’
odl´nUvPaBsÞat´
edayGakar;TaMgLay
lHbg´nUvkarekIteLIg
seRmcdl´Pg<anubsSna
‘kiriya
5 y¨agsÞat´CMnaj kMNt´nUvnamrUbehIy taMgepþImnUvvibsSna .
BicarNaeXIjnUvkarEbkZøay’ ehIyk*en]yNay ZujRTan´ kñúg
sYrza ; etItaMgepþImdUcemþc . eqøIyza; d|itza RBHeyaKavcrPikú¡
sg¡arTaMgBYg EdlR:kdeLIgedayPaBKYrP&yxøac edayGMNac
enaH ecjcakBIsmabtþiehIy rEmgeXIjza krCkay nig citþ
énPg<anubsSna minmancenøaH rYcRsLH dl´nUvGriymK< 4 tam
CaEdnekIteLIg énxül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay . dUcCakal
lMdab´y¨agNa taMgenAs)b´ kñúgGrhtþpl dl´ehIynUvTIbMput
sñb´énCagmas
énbc©evk¡NJ¦aN 19 RbePT CaGK<Tki¡eNyü énelak RBm
KWbuK<lsb´
xül´EdlGaRs&ynUvsñb´pg
nUv
esckþIBüayam d*smKYrdl´sñb´enaH énburspg rEmgsJ©reTA y¨agNamij xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay GaRs&ynUvkay nig citþ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
tGMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI kMNt´nUvxül´
TaMgeTvelak . k*karcMerInGana:nsStismaZi karrab´CaxagedIm
énRBHeyaKIenaH
manbdibsSnaCaTIbMput
EdleZVI
CaZmμCatcb´eRsc
GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay nUvkaypg za CarUb nUvcitþpg nUv
ehIy edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHÉg . enHCakarBN(na nUv
Zm(Edlsm|yutþ edaycitþenaHpg za CaGrUb .
ctuk,; TI1
seg¡b
kñúgkarkMNt´namrUbn@uH
.
enHCaesckþI
cMENkÉkarkMNt´namnigrUb
nwgmanR:kd xagmux edayesckþIBisþar . RBHeyaKIluHkMNt´namnigrUby¨agenHehIy EsVgrkbc©&y
edayGakar;TaMgBYg .
‘173’ cMENkkñúgctuk,;TaMgbIeRkAenH eQμaHzan&y énkar cMerInkmμdðanepSgminman eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH Kb|IRCab esckþIénctuk,;TaMgenaHÉg
tamn&yénkarBN(naGnubThñwgÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
131
‘karBN(nactuk,;TI2’
132
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
rbs´GñkkMNt´dwg
nUvkayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
edayGMNacénPaBCaGñk
bTza ²bItib|disMevTI³ esckþIza Pikú¡sikSaza GatμaGj
rmáab´nUvkaysg¡ar dkdegØImecj nig dkdegØImcUl stik*tm,l´
kaleZVInUvbItioCabItiKWxøÜndwgc|as´ehIy KWeZVIoR:kd dkdegØIm
maM bItienaH eQμaHza Pikú¡ dwgc|as´ehIy edaystienaH eday
ecj dkdegØImcUl . Rtg´bTza ²bItib|disMevTI³ enaHmanesckþI
jaNenaH
za bIti CaZmμCatKWPikú¡dwgc|as´ehIy edayGakar;TaMgLay 2
ehIy
KWedayGarmμN¾ 1 edayGsemμah; 1 .
GZidðannUvcitþÇÇÇkaleC]s)b´edaysTÆaÇÇÇkalp<gesckþIBüayamÇÇÇ
sYrza bIti CaZmμCat
kalPikú¡rMBwg bItienaH eQμaHza KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´
kalPikú¡enaHdwgÇÇÇ
kaleXIjÇÇÇ
kalRbugTuknUvstiÇÇÇ
Qan 2 EdlmanbIti eRBaHkiriya:nnUvQan bIti CaZmμCat
bJ¦aÇÇÇ kalRtas´dwg nUvZm(EdlKYrRtas´dwgÇÇÇ kalkMNt´dwgnUv
KWPikú¡enaHdwgc|as´ehIy edayGarmμN¾ eRBaHPav;énGarmμN¾ Ca
Zm(EdlKYrkMNt´dwgÇÇÇ kallHnUvZm(EdlKYrlHÇÇÇ kalcMerInnUv
ZmμCat KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´ehIy kñúgxN;EdlcUlsmabtþi .
Zm(EdlKYrcMerInÇÇÇ
sYrza bIti CaZmμCat KWPikú¡enaHdwgc|as´ehIy edayGsemμah;
c|as´ç
etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUlQan 2 EdlmanbIti ecjehIy
eQμaHza KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´ehIy y¨agdUecñHÉg ‘1’ .
kaleZVIoCak´c|as´ eQμaHza
Pikú¡enaH
kaldwgc|as´
kal
KWPikú¡dwgc|as´ehIy edayGarmμN¾ etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUl
bItienaH
kaltm,l´nUvcitþÇÇÇ
kalBicarNaÇÇÇ
eday
nUvZm(EdlKYreZVIoCak´
dwgc|as´ehIyç
bItienaH
edayesckþIGs´eTA
sUm|IIbTd*essTaMgLay k*bNÐitKb|IRCab edayesckþI
edayesckþIsUnüeTA bIti CabIti KWPikú¡enaH dwgc|as´ehIy eday
tamn&yenHÉg . EtenHRKan´EtCaesckþIEbøkKñaRtg´bTenH . PaB
Gsemμah; eRBaHkiriyacak´ZøúHnUvlk¡N; kñúgxN;énvibsSna .
énRBHeyaKICaGñkdwgc|as´nUvsux bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNac
smdUcCaRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTamK< za ; kalPikú¡
énQanTaMgLay 3 PaBénRBHeyaKICaGñkdwgc|as´ nUvcitþsg¡ar
dwgc|as´nUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy Edlminraymay eday
bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacQanTaMgLay 4 .
GMNacéndegØImecjEvg sti k*tm,l´maM bItienaH eQμaHza Pikú¡
2
dwgc|as´ehIy
sMevTI enH
BicarNanUvbIti
Edlsm|yutþedayQan
edaystienaH
edayjaNenaH
c|as´nUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy
kalPikú¡dwg
Edlminraymay
eday
GM N acéndegØ I m cU l EvgÇÇÇedayGM N acéndegØ I m ecjxø I Ç ÇÇeday GMNacéndegØImcUlxøIÇÇÇ edayGMNacéndegØImecj nig degØImcUl
manevTnaCaedIm eQμaHza citþsg¡ar .
xnÆTaMgLay
k*kñúgbTza suxb|di-
RBHsarIbuRteBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ; Baküza
²sux³ :ndl´ sux 2 y¨ag KWkayiksux 1 ectsiksux 1 edIm|IsMEdgnUvvibsSnaPUmi . 1-
suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 70 TMB&rTI 151 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
133
bTza ²bsSmÖyM citþsg¡arM³ esckþIza kalrmáab´ KWkal
134
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
sm|yutþZm(
kñúgxN;EdlcUlsmabtþi .
sYrza ;
esckþI
rMlt´nUvcitþsg¡ar EdleRKatRKat > .
bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI
eRtkGrd*éRkElg edayGMNacénvibsSna etIdUcemþc . eqøIyza
rlt´nUvcitþsg¡aenaH
tamn&yEdlelak:n
Pikú¡ cUlQan 2 EdlmanbIti ecjehIy BicarNabIti Edl
edayesckþIBisþar
eBalehIy kñúgkaysg¡arhñwgÉg . mYyeT[t bNþabTTaMgenaH
sm|yutþedayQan
kñúgbTza
Pikú¡enaH eZVIbItiEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQanoCaGarmμN¾ júaMg
bIti
elakeBalevTna
edayRbZanKWbIti
Rtg´bTza
sux elakeBalevTna edayrUbrbs´xøÜnhñwgÉg kñúgbTza citþsg¡arTaMg 2 elakeBalevTna EdlRbkbRBmehIy edaysJ¦a eRBaH:LIza ²sJ¦a nig evTna CatYectsik Zm(TaMgnu@HCab´cMeBaH
edayesckþIGs´eTA
edayesckþIsUnüeTA
citþorIkray orIkrayTUeTA kñúgxN;énvibsSna y¨agenHÉg . RBHeyaKIGñkRbtibtþiy¨agenH elakehAza sikSaza Gatμa Gj nwgjúaMgcitþorIkrayéRkElg dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl. bTBIrza ²smaTyM citþM³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI kaltMkl´
edaycitþ eQμaHza citþsg¡ar³ dUecñHÉg . bNÐitKb|IRCabza ctuk,;enH RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ ehIy tamn&yénevTnanubsSna y¨agenHÉg .
nUvcitþoesμI
KW taMgcitþoesμI kñúgGarmμN¾ edayGMNacénQan
manbfmCÄanCaedIm
‘ctuk,;TI3’
ßBMuenaHesat
cUlQanTaMgenaHehIy
k*
ecj ehIyBicarNanUvcitþEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQan eday
‘174’ sUm|Ikñúgctuk,; TI3 bNÐit Kb|IRCabPaB énRBH
esckþIGs´eTA
edayesckþIsUnüeTA
PaBéncitþRbRBwtþeTA
kñúg
eyaKICaGñkdwgc|as´nUvcitþ edayGMNacénQanTaMgLay 4 .
xN;CacitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy rEmgekIteLIg edaykarcak´ZøúHnUv
BIrbTza ²GPib|emaTyM citþM³ esckþIza Pikú¡sikSaza
GatμaGj
lk¡N; kñúgxN;énvibsSna Pikú¡tMkl´citþoesμI KWtaMgcitþoesμI
kaljúaMgcitþorIkray orIkrayTUeTA oRss´Rsay oRss´
kñúgGarmμN¾ edayGMNacénxNikcietþkK<ta EdlekIteLIgehIy
RsayTUeTAnwgdkdegØImecj nwgdkdegØImcUl . Rtg´bTza ²GPi-
y¨agenH elakehAza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgtMkl´citþ onwg
b|emaTyM citþM³ enaH esckþIeRtkGrd*éRkElg Etgman eday
dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl .
Gakar; 2 y¨ag KW edayGMNacénsmaZi 1 edayGMNac én vibsSna
1 .
sYrza
esckþIeRtkGrd*éRkElg
edayGMNac
bTBIrza ²viemacyM citþM³ esckþIza RBHeyaKI kaljúaMg citþorYc
orYcRsLH
caknIvrN;TaMgLay
edaybfmCÄan
énsmaZi etIy¨agdUcemþc . eqøIyza Pikú¡cUlQan 2 Edlman
kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH cakvitk,; nig vicar;TaMgLay
bIti Pikú¡enaH júaMgcitþorIkray orIkrayTYeTA edaybIti EdlCa
edayTutiyCÄan
kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH cakbIti
eday
visuTÆimK< ERb
135
136
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
ttiyCÄan kaljúaMgcitþorYc orYcRsLH caksux nig Tuk¡TaMg
eRBaHehtuGVI . eqøIyza eRBaHPav;énxnÆR:MenaH mankarekIteLIg
Lay edayctutæCÄan
müa¨geT[t RBHeyaKI cUlQanTaMgLay
Gs´sUnüeTA nig Carbs´déT . bTza ²Gnic©ta³ :ndl´PaBén
enaH ecjehIy k*BicarNanUvcitþEdlsm|yutþehIyedayQan
bJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaHÉgmankarekIteLIg Gs´sUnüeTA nig Carbs´déT
edayesckþIGs´eTA edayesckþIsUnüeTA RBHeyaKIenaH eZVIcitþ
ßza PaBénbJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaH manehIy EbreTACaminmaneTAvij .
orYc orYcRsLH caknic©sJ¦a edayGnic©anubsSna kñúgxN;
GZib|ayza
énvibsSna eZVIcitþorYc orYcRsLH caksuxsJ¦a edayTuk¡a-
eLIgehIy mintaMgenA edayGakar;enaHÉg ehIyEbkZøay eday
nubsSnaÇÇÇ cakGtþsJ¦a edayGntþanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakesckþIeRtk
karEbkZøayRKb´xN; . bTza ²Gnic©anubsSna³ KWkarBicarNa
RtGal edayniBiVTanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakraK; edayviraKanubsSnaÇÇÇ
eXIjza mineT[g kñúgxnÆTaMgLay manrUbCaedIm edayGMNac
caksmuTy; edaynieraZanubsSnaÇÇÇ cakGaTan;‘esckþIRbkan´’
énGnic©taenaH
edaybdinisSK<anubsSna
dkdegØImecj
nig
dkdegØImcUl
.
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgeZVIcitþ orYc dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl . bNÐitKb|IRCabctuk,;enH za RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ ehIy edayGMNacéncitþanubsSna y¨agdUecñHÉg .
za ²Gnic©anubsSI³ enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab Gnic©M ‘rbs´mineT[g’ Kb|IRCabGnic©ta ‘PaBCarbs´mineT[g’ Kb|IRCabGnic©anubsSna Kb|IRCabGnic©anubsSI
bTza
EdlekIt
²Gnic©anubsSI³ :ndl´RBHeyaKIGñk
RbkbRBm edaykarBicarNaeXIjenaH . eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡Ca Gñky¨agdUecñHehIy kaldkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl bNÐitKb|I RCab za eQμaHza sikSaza
GatμaGj CaGñkBicarNaeXIjza
mineT[g nwgdkdegØImecj nwgdkdegØImcUl kñúgTIenH . cMENkkñúgbTza ²viraKanubsSI³ enH viraK; ‘karR:scak
cMENkkñúgctuk,; TI4 manesckþIvinicä&yza kñúgbT
‘karBicarNaeXIjzamineT[g’
.
k*KWPaBénbJ©k¡nÆTaMgLayenaH
‘viraKanubsSI nieraZanubsSI’
‘ctuk,;TI4 ’ ‘Gnic©anubsSI’ ‘175’
Gnic©ta
‘GñkEdl
BicarNaeXIjzaCarbs´mineT[g’ Camun . kñúg 4 bT enaH bTza ²Gnic©M³ :ndl´ xnÆR:M .
sYrza
teRmk’ man 2 y¨ag KWxyviraK; 1 Gc©nþviraK; 1 . bNþaviraK; TaMg 2 enaH karEbkZøayRKb´xN; énsg¡arTaMgLay eQμaHza xNviraK; . RBHniBVan eQμaHza Gc©nþviraK; . vibsSna nig mK< EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNacénviraK;TaMg 2 enaH eQμaHza viraKanubsSna . RBHeyaKICaGñkRbkbRBm edayGnubsSnaTaMg 2 enaHÉg
kaldkdegØImecj
eQμaHza sikSaza
GatμaGj
dkdegØImcUl
bNÐitKb|IRCabza
nwgCaGñkBicarNaeXIjkarR:s
visuTÆimK< ERb
137
138
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
cakteRmk dkdegØImecj dkdegØImcUl . n&y sUm|IkñúgbTza
dkdegIØmcUl bNÐitKb|IRCabza sikSaza GatμaGj nwgCaGñk
²nieraZanubsSI³ k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr .
BicarNaeXIjer]y> nUvkiriyarlas´ecal dkdegIØmecj dk degIØmcUl .
‘bdinisSK<anubsSI’ sUm|IkñúgbTza ²bdinisSK<anubsSI³ enH bdinisSK<; ‘kar
ctuk,; TI 4 enH
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy eday
rlas´ecal’ man 2 KW bric©aKb|dinisSK<; ‘bdinisSK<; KWkarlH
GMNacénvibsSnasuTÆ hñwgÉg . cMENk ctuk,;TaMg 3 mankñúg
bg´’1 bk¡nÞnb|dinisSK<;‘bdinisSK<;KWkarsÞúHeTA’1 . GnubsSna
xagmun RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIyedayGMNacénsmz; nig
KWbdinisSK<; eQμaHzabdinisSK<anubsSna . Baküza bdinisSK<a-
vibsSna . ‘176’ karcMerInnUvGana:nsSti manvtæú 16 bNÐitKb|I
nubsSna enH CaeQμaH énvibsSna nig mK< TaMgLay . EmnBit vibsSna rEmglHbg´ nUvkielsTaMgLay RBmTaMgxnÆ nig GPi-
RCab edayGMNacénctuk,;TaMg 4 dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .
sg¡arTaMgLay edayGMNacéntTg<b|han; EzmTaMg rEmgsÞúH
Gana:nsStienH
eTA kñúgRBHniBVan EdlpÞúyKñanwgkielsenaH eRBaHPav;énvibsSna
16 y¨agenH
‘EdlPikú¡:ncMerInehIy’
k*
edayGMNacénvtæú
eTIbmanpleRcIn manGanisgSeRcIn .
‘GanisgSGana:nsSti’
OneTA kñúgpøÚvenaH edaykiriyaeXIjnUveTas kñúgsg¡tZm( eRBaH
kñúgGanisgSénGana:nsStienaH
ehtudUecñaH eTIbelakehAza ‘bdinisSK<; man 2 KW’ bric©aK-
manBN(naza
bNÐit
cMENkmK< rEmglHbg´
Kb|IRCabPav;énGana:nsStienaH CaZmμCati manGanisgSeRcIn
nUvkielsTaMgLay RBmTaMgxnÆ nig GPisg¡arTaMgLay eday
sUm|IedayGMNacénZm( EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´sresIr
GMNacénsmuecäTb|han;
manPaBCaZm(d*lÁitCaedIm
b|dinisSK<; 1 bk¡nÞnb|dinisSK<; 1 .
EzmTaMg
rEmgsÞúHeTA
kñúgRBHniBVan
eRBaHRBH:LIza
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
edaykiriyaeZVI ‘nUvRBHniBVan’ oCaGarmμN¾ eRBaHehtudUecñaH eTIb
Gana:nsStismaZienHÉg
elakehAza ‘bdinisSK<; man 2 KW’ bric©aKb|dinisSK<; 1 bk¡-
eRcInehIy CaZm(d*lÁitpg CaZm(d*RbNItpg³ eRBaHPav;CaZ(m
nÞnb|dinisSK<; 1 .
Gackñúgkarkat´pþac´nUvvitk,;
k*vibsSnajaN nig mK<J¦aNTaMg 2 enH
EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy
.
EmnBit
:neZVIo
Gana:nsStismaZienH
elakehAza GnubsSna eRBaHkiriyaeXIjer]y> nUvjaN man
eRBaHCaZm(d*lÁit RbNIt CaZm(CaeRK]genAminRcbUkRcbl´ nig
kñúgxagmun> TaMgLay . RBHeyaKICaGñkRbkbRBm edaybdi-
Casux
nisSK<anubsSna TaMg 2 y¨agenaH
edayGMNacénvitk,;TaMgLay EdleZVIesckþIGnþray dl´smaZi
kaldkdegØImecj nig kal
eTIbkat´pþac´nUvkarsÞúHeTAéncitþ
xagenHpg
xagenaHpg
visuTÆimK< ERb
139
ehIyeZVIcitþomanmuxeq¬aHeTArkGarmμN¾ KWxül´dkdegIØmecj nig xül´dkdegIØmcUl Etbu¨eNÑaH .
140
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
R:kd minEmnminrlt´eTAvijeT ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHman
kñúgGana:nsStienaH xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay bI
RBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIyza ²Gana:nsSti KWPikú¡Kb|IcMerIn edIm|I
KW
cUleTAkat´pþac´nUvvitk,;³ dUecñH .
bsSas;
mYyeT[t
bNÐitKb|IRCabPaBénGana:nsStienaH
man
xül´GsSasbsSas;
mankñúgTIbMputénPB
mankñúgTIbMputénQan
kñúgTIbMputéncuti
xül´GsSas-
xül´GsSasbsSas;
edayGMNacénkiriyarlt´
.
EmnBit
man xül´
GanisgSeRcIn sUm|IedayPaBCamUlénkarbMeBjnUvviC¢a nig vimutþi
GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgkamPB bNþaPB
obribUr .
TaMgLay rEmgminRbRBwtþeTA kñúgrUbPB nig GrUbPBTaMgLayeT
smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIyza ²mñal
Pikú¡TaMgLay Gana:nsSti EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIo
eRBaHehtuenaH
er]y> ehIy rEmgjúaMgstib|dðan 4 oeBjbribUN(:n .
za mankñúgTIbMputénPB . xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLay rEmg
stib|dðan 4 EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoer]y> ehIy
RbRBwtþeTA kñúgQan 3 mankúñgTIbMput bNþaQanTaMgLay rEmg
rEmgjúaMgsem¬aCÄg<;TaMg 7 oeBjbribUN(:n . sem¬aCÄg<;
minRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQanTI4 eRBaHehtuenaH xül´GsSasbsSas;
TaMgLay 7 EdlbuK<l:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoer]y> ehIy
TaMgLayenaH
rEmgjúaMgviC¢a nig vimutþi oeBjbribUN(:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLayNa
müa¨gvijeT[t
mankñúgTIbMputénQan ekIteLIgehIy
.
cMENk
CamYynwg
citþ TI16 kñúgxagmun éncuticitþ rEmgrlt´ CamYynwgcuticitþ xül´
GanisgSd*eRcIn bNÐitKb|IRCab sUm|IeRBaHkareZVInUvPav; énxül´
GsSasbsSas;TaMgLayenH eQμaHza mankñúgTIbMputéncuti .
dkdegIØmecj nig xül´dkdegIØmcUlTaMgLay Edlman kñúgTI
xül´cuticrim;TaMgLayenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´bMNgehIy za
bMput CasPav;KWxøÜndwg:n . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´
²mankñúgTIbMput³ kñúgRBHsURtenH .
EdlbuK<l:n
:n»za kalPikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvkmμdðanenH BicarNa
ceRmInehIyy¨agenH :neZVIoer]y> ehIyy¨agenH xül´degIØm
nUvkarekIteLIg kñúgxN;énkarekIteLIgéncitþ TI16 kñúgxagmuxén
ecj
EdlmankñúgkalCaxag
cuticitþ eRBaHPav;énxül´degIØmecj nig xül´degIØmcUl EdlPikú¡
eRkay degIØmecj nig degIØmcUlTaMgenaHÉg nwgrlt´eTAvijCa
kMNt´CaGarmμN¾ :nlÁRbéBehIy sUm|IkiriyaekIteLIg énxül´
nig
²mñalrahul
kalebIGana:nsSti
CaZmμCati
eTIbeQμaHza
eTIbeQμaH
man
ehIyza
Pav;énGana:nsStienaH
xül´GsSasbsSas;TaMgLayenaH
degIØmcUlTaMgLayenaHNa
1- suÇ mÇ óÇ
PaKTI 26 TMB&rTI 359 .
1- suÇ mÇ mÇ PaKTI 23 TMB&rTI 244 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
141
142
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
TaMgenaH rEmgR:kd kalBicarNanUvkiriyataMgenA sUm|Ikiriya
rbs´xøÜn ehIyR:b´Pikú¡sg¹ za ²etIGñkTaMgLay Zøab´eXIjPikú¡
taMgenAénxül´TaMgenaH rEmgR:kd kalBicarNanUvkarEbkZøay
EdlbriniBVan edayGakar;dUcemþcxøHEdr/ ³ . bNþaPikú¡TaMgenaH
sUm|IkarEbkZøay énxül´TaMgenaH k*rEmgR:kd .
Pikú¡TaMgLayBYkxøH :neBalza ²BYkx\úMZøab´:neXIjPikú¡TaMgLay
EmnBit Pikú¡GñkcMerInnUvkmμdðandéT eRkAGMBIGana:nsSti-
EdlGg<úyelIGasn;hñwgÉg briniBVan³ . Pikú¡BYkxøH :neBalza
kmμdðanenHehIy seRmcnUvRBHGrhtþ EtgkMNt´cenøaHkal én
²BYkx\úMZøab´:neXIjPikú¡TaMgLay EdlGg<úyEBnEPñn elIGakas
Gayu:nxøH kMNt´min:nxøH . bu¨EnþPikú¡GñkcMerInnUvGana:nsSti
briniBVan³ .
manvtæú 16 enH ehIyseRmcRBHGrhtþ EtgkMNt´cenøaHkal
Pikú¡EdlkMBugEtc®g,mhñwgÉg briniBVan dl´GñkTaMgLay³ .
énGayu:nTaMgGs´ . Pikú¡GñkcMerInGana:nsSti ehIy:nsMerc
lMdab´enaH RBHezr; eZVInUvKMnUs Rtg´TIc®g,m ehIyeBalza ²x\úM
nUvRBHGrhtþenaH dwgza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH Gayusg¡ar rbs´Gatμa
nwgedIreTAkan´TIbMputénxagmux GMBITIbMputénTIc®g,menHehIy kal
Gj nwgRbRBwtþeTA Gs´kalmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH nwgminRbRBwtþeTA
RtLb´mkvij RKan´Etdl´nUvKMnUsenHPøam nwgbriniBVan³ y¨agenH
kñúgxagnayGMBIkalenHeT³ dUecñHehIy eZVInUvkic©TaMgBYgTaMgLay
ehIy k*cuHkan´TIc®g,m edIreTAkan´cMENkxagnay kalRtLb´mk
mankarCMrHnUvsrIr; nig karesø{kBak´CaedIm tamZmμtarbs´xøÜn
vij k*briniBVanehIy kñúgxN;EdlelakCan´nUvKMnUs edayeCIg
hñwgÉg ehIyeZμcEPñkTaMgLay dUcCaRBHtisSetær GñkGaRs&y
m¡agPøamhñwgÉg .
enAkñúgekadibBVtvihar dUcCaRBHmhatisSetær GñkGaRs&yenAkñúg mhakrJ¢niyvihar
dUcCaRBHbiNÐ:tiktisSetær
kñúgeTvbutþrdð
nig dUcCaRBHPatiyetærTaMgBIrRBHGg< GñkGaRs&yenA kñúgcitþlbBVtvihar y¨agdUecñaHÉg . enHCakarsMEdgnUver]gmYy
kñúgcMeNamer]génRBHezr;TaMg
LayenaH . :n»za kñúgcMeNamRBHPatiyetærTaMgBIrGg< RBH ezr;mYyGg< sURtnUv:tiemak¡ kñúgézáóe:sz manRBHc&nÞeBjvg´ manPikú¡sg¹EhhmehIy nimnþeTAkan´TICaTIenA rbs´xøÜn :nfit enARtg´TIc®g,m rmilemIlnUvBnøWénRBHc&nÞ BicarNanUvGayusg¡ar
RBHezr; eBalza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH x\úMnwgsMEdgnUv
eRBaHehtu e naHÉg
bNÐ i t Kb|I C aGñ k mi n RbmaT
Rbkber]y> nUvGana:nsSti EdlmanGanisgS eRcIn y¨agenH sBV>kal y¨agenHÉg . enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgGana:nsSti . v
v
v
kñúg
visuTÆimK< ERb
143
‘óbsSmanusSti’
144
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
eRK]gjaMJInUvesckþIRsvwg³ eRBaHRBH:LIza ²viraKZm(enH KWGVI/
k*RBHeyaKIGñkR:zña edIm|IcMerInnUvóbsmanusSti
viraKZm(enH KWZm(CaeRK]gjaMjInUvesckþIRsvwg .l. KWRBHniBVan³
EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´sMEdgehIy bnÞab´GMBIGana:nsSti eTA
dUecñH Gsg¡tZm(enaH k*Kb|I:neQμaHza viraKZm(Edr . EmnBit
kan´TIsáat´
nUv
viraKZm(enaH elakehAza mTnimμTn; eRBaHesckþIRsvwgTaMgLay
KuNTaMgLay énRBHniBVan eBalKWkiriyacUleTArmáab´ nUvesckþI
TaMgBYg manesckþIRsvwg edayGMNacénmanH nig esckþIRsvwg
Tuk¡RKb´y¨ag y¨agdUecñHza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Zm(TaMgbu¨nμan Ca
kñúgPaBCabursCaedIm GaRs&ynUvviraKZm(ehIy k*Gs´Rsvwg KW
sg¡tZm(kþI CaGsg¡tZm(kþI
ElgRsvwg KWza:t´eTA .
‘177’
LayenaH
ec[secjcakGarmμN¾smáMenA
eRBaHza
RtUvrlwker]y>
viraKZm( R:kdCaRbesIrCagZm(TaMg
viraKZm(enH
CaZm(sRmab´benÞabg´nUvesckþI
bi:sviny;
mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH elakehAza
eRBaHesckþIeRskXøan
kñúgkamTaMgLayTaMgBYg
CaZm(GacdkeLIgnUv
eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH rEmgdl´nUvkiriyakMcat´bg´ KWza nUv
Gal&y CaZm(pþac´bg´nUvvdþ; CaZm(Gs´eTAéntNØa CaZm(R:s
kiriyaGs´:t´eTA . mYyeT[t viraKZm( elakehAza Galys-
cakteRmk CaZm(rlt´ CaZm(minmaneRK]gcak´ERsH ‘1’³ dUecñH .
muK¹at; eRBaHGal&y KWbJ©kamKuNTaMgLay rEmgdl´nUvkiriya
‘EkGtæ:LI’
dkeLIg eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH
Rsvwg
CaZm(kMcat´bg´nUvesckþIeRskXøan
kñúg:f;TaMgLayenaH Baküza ²manRbmaNRtwmNa³ KW
elakehAza vdþúbecäT; eRBaHvdþ;EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 rEmg
manRbmaNbu¨NÑa . Baküza ²Zm(TaMgLay³ :ndl´sPavZ(m
dac´sUnü eRBaHGaRs&ynUvviraKZm(enaH . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH
TaMgLay . Baküza ²Casg¡t;kþI CaGsg¡t;kþI³ KW Edlbc©&y
elakehAza tNØk¡y; viraK; nieraZ; eRBaHtNØa GaRs&ynUv
TaMgLaypSMRbCMuKñaeZVIkþI min:npSMRbCMuKñaeZVIkþI . Baküza ²viraKZ(m
viraKZm(enaH rEmgdl´nUvkarGs´eTApg R:scaktMerkpg rlt´
tzaKteBalzaCakMBUlénZm(TaMgLayenaH³
tzaKt
eTApg edayRbkarTaMgBYg . mYyeT[t viraKZm(enaH elakehAza
eBalza CakMBUl KWeBalza RbesIr ótþm énsg¡tZm( nig
niBVan; eRBaHviraKZm(enaH ecjehIy KWrlas´ecjehIy R:s
Gsg¡tZm(TaMgLayenaH . minEmnRtwmEtkiriyaminmanénesckþI
ecjehIy caktNØa Edl:neQμaHza ²van;³ eRBaHrYbrwt KWcg
teRmkbu¨eNÑaHeT
eQμaHza
viraK;
KWviraKZm(
kñúg:LIenaH
ebItamBiteTA
Gsg¡tZm(enaHNa :nnUveQμaHTaMgLay manCaGaTi¾za ²Zm(Ca 1-
suÇ GMÇ cÇ
PaKTI 42 TMB&rTI 84 .
ERsH cak´ERsH nUvkMeNIt 4 Kti 5 viJ¦aNdðiti 7 nig stþavas 9 eRBaHPaBénkiriyajúaMgstVoeTA> mk> dUecñHÉg . cUleTArmáab´ eBalKWRBHniBVan
Zm(Edl
RBHeyaKIKb|IrMlwker]y>
eday
visuTÆimK< ERb
145
146
GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs
GMNacénKuNTaMgLay manZm(CaeRK]grmáab´nUvesckþIRsvwg Ca
eTas;caMs,at´ehIy
edImenaH>
citþ rbs´RBHeyaKavcrenaH CacitþeTARtg´ :j´eq¬aHeTArkesckþI
dUcBN(namkenH
ßk*
KuNénóbsm;TaMgLaydéT
minRtUvemah;caMs,at´ehIy
Na EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy kñúgRBHsURtTaMgLay
sáb´rmáab´EmnBit
manCaedImza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvGsg¡tZ(m
eLIg dl´RBHeyaKavcr GñkRKbsg,t´nUvnIvrNZm(:nehIy kñúg
dl´GñkTaMgLaypg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvsc©Zm(pg tzaKt nwg
xN;CamYyKña
edayGMNacénn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy
sMEdgnUveRtIyKWRBHniBVanpg
GnusStimun
manBuTÆanusSti
tzaKt
nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlstV
>
eRBaHehtuenaH
kñúgsm&yenaH
Gg<QanTaMgLay
CaedImhñwgÉg
.
rEmgekIt
kñúg
EteRBaHPav;
eXIj:nedaykRmBn´eBkpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlKμan
énóbsmKuNTaMgLayCaKuNd*RCaleRCA ßza eRBaHPav;éncitþ
esckþIcas´RKaMRKapg
nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdleT[gTat´pg
begÁaneTAkñúgkiriyarlwker]y> nUvKuNmanRbkarepSg>Kña Qan
tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(EdlKμandMeNIryWtyUrpg tzaKt nwg
enH eTIbCaQanmindl´nUvGb|na dl´RtwmEtóbcar;bu¨eNÑaHÉg .
sMEdgZm(Edlminsøab´pg
QanenHenaH
tzaKt
tzaKt
nwgsMEdgZm(CaTIsRmanþpg
rEmgdl´nUvkarrab´za
²óbsmanusSti³ hñwgÉg
tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(d*ekSmpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(Edl
eRBaHekIteLIg edayGMNacénkiriyarlwker]y>nUvóbsmKuN .
minZøab´manpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(minmanesckþIGnþraypg
ÉóbsmanusStienH
tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(minBüa:Tpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(d*
dUcCaqGnusStiEdr . kalebImanehtudUecñaH sUm|IbuzuC¢n GñkZán´
brisuTÆpg tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZm(CaTIBwgpg tzaKt nwgsMEdg
kñúgóbsm; k*KYreZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvóbsmanusStiEdr . eRBaHza
nUvZm(CaTIkarBarpg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt nwgsMEdgnUvZ(m
sUm|IedayGMNacénkarsþab´ citþ k*rEmgRCHzøakúñgóbsm;:n .
CaTIBYn dl´GñkTaMgLaypg ‘1’ ³ dUecñH k*RBHeyaKI Kb|Irlwk er]y> edayGMNacénKuNTaMgLayenaHÉg dUcKña:nEdr .
‘GanisgSóbsmanusSti’ kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH
rlwker]y>
rEmgseRmc
dl´RBHGriysav&kEtbu¨eNÑaH
k*Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvóbsmanusStienH rEmgedklk´ Casux
P\ak´eLIgk*Casux
CaGñkman«®nÞIy¾sáb´rmáab´
CaGñkman
citþsáb´esá{m CaGñkRbkbRBmedayhiri nig Otþb|; CaGñknaMmk
nUvesckþIsáb´rmáab´
nUvesckþIRCHzøa
CaGñkmancitþbegÁaneTA
kñúgZm(d*RbNIt
CaGñk
edayGMNacénKuN manZm(sMrab´benÞabg´ nUvesckþIRsvwgCaedIm
KYreKarB nig CaGñkKYrsresIr énsRBhμcarITaMgLay mYyeT[t
y¨agenH
ebIminTan´:ncak´ZøúHnUvZm(d*éRkElgeT CaGñkmansuKtiRbRBwtþeTA
1-
kñúgsm&yenaH
suÇ sMÇ sÇ
citþ
minRtUvraK;caMs,at´ehIy
PaKTI 36 TMB&rTI 366-373 .
minRtUv
kñúgxagmux .
visuTÆimK< ERb
147
emtþaRBhμvihar
eRBaHehtuenaHÉg bNÐit GñkmanR:C\aCaeRK]g
BicarNa Kb|ICaGñkminRbmaT cMerInnUvsti kñúg óbsm;d*RbesIr
EdlmanGanisgSeRcIn
y¨ag
enH dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg . enHCakzamux edayBisþar kñúgóbsmanusSti . briecäT TI8 eQμaH GnusStikmμdðannieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMeZVIehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kiriyarIkrayénsaZuCn dUcBN(namkenHÉg . v
v
v
RBhμviharnieTÞs
148
muTita
‘178’
k*kñúgRBhμviharTaMgLay 4 enH KW emtþa kruNa
óebk¡a
EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´sMEdgehIy
énGnusStikmμdðan
RBHeyaKavcr
EdlCaGaTikmμik;
kñúglMdab´ GñkR:zña
edIm|IcMerInnUvemtþa Kb|IcUleTApþac´bg´nUvblieBaZ er[nnUvkmμdðan eZVIPtþkic©ehIy benÞabg´nUvesckþIRsvwgkñúgP&tþ Gg<úyo:nRsYl elIGasn;EdlbuK<lRkallÁehIy kñúgRbeTsd*sáat´ BicarNa nUveTas kúñgeTas; nig GanisgS kñúgesckþIGt´Zn´ Camun . sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI / .
eqøIyza eRBaHRBHeyaKIKb|IlH
bg´eTas;:n nig Kb|I:nxnþI edayPavnaenH . ÉRBHeyaKI min GacedIm|IlHbg´ nUveTasEdlxøÜnmin:neXIjehIyNamYy ßk* edIm|I:nnUvGanisgS EdlxøÜnmindwgc|as´ehIyNamYy:neT . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeXIjeTas kñúgeTas; edayGMNac énRBHsURtTaMgLaymanCaGaTi¾za ²mñalGavuesa buK<lRtUveTas; RbTUsþehIy
RtUveTas;RKbsg,t´ehIy
CaGñkmancitþRkhl´
RkhayehIyedayeTas; rEmgsmøab´stVmanCIvit:n³ dUecñH . RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRCabGanisgS kñúgxnþI edayGMNacén RBH:LITaMgLay manCaedIm za ;
²xnþIKWesckþIGt´Zn´ Catb; d*éRkElg RBHBuTÆTaMg Lay RTg´Rtas´nUvRBHniBVanza CaZmμCatd*ótþm tzaKt ehAnUvbuK<lGñkmanxnþICakMLaMg
Gñkman
visuTÆimK< ERb
149
kMLaMg KWxnþI CakgB&T za CaRBahμN¾ RbeyaCn¾ d*éRkElgCagxnþI minmaneLIy³ .
bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IR:rBÆkarcMerInemtþa edIm|ICa RbeyaCn¾dl´kareZVIcitþ o:nsáat´cakeTas; EdlmaneTas KW xøÜneXIjehIy nig edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´karcgnUvcitþ kñúgxnþIEdl manGanisgS KWxøÜn:ndwgc|as´ehIy y¨agenHÉg .
‘buK<lEdlCaeTasdl´Pavna’ k*ÉRBHeyaKI kalcab´epþIm Kb|IdwgbuK<lCaeTas GMBIxag edImsin za ²RBHeyaKI minRtUvcMerInemtþa Camun kñúgbuK<lTaMg LayenHeT minRtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lTaMgLayenHEmnBit³ . BitEmnehIy emtþaenH RBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerIn CadMbUg kñúgbuK<l TaMgLay 4 enH KW buK<lEdlminCaTIRsLaj´ 1 buK<lEdlCa sMLaj´EdlRsLaj´éRkeBk 1 buK<lCakNþal 1 buK<lEdl maneB[r 1
minRtUvcMerInemtþa edaycMeBaHbuK<lEdlmanePTCa
sRtUvnwgKña minRtUvcMerInesaHkñúgbuK<lEdleZVIkalkiriyaehIy . sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerInemtþa Ca dMbUg kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay manbuK<lEdlminCaTIRsLaj´CaedIm . eqøIyza eRBaHza RBHeyaKI kaltMkl´nUvbuK<lEdlminCa TIRsLaj´ kñúgkEnøgCaTIRsLaj´rEmglM:k kaltMkl´sMLaj´ EdlCaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk kñúgkEnøgénbuK<lEdlCakNþal rEmg lM:k
k*kalebIesckþITuk¡ sUm|ImanRbmaNtic ekIteLIgehIy
150
RBhμviharnieTÞs
dl´RBHeyaKIenaH
k*CaGñkdl´ehIynUvGakar;KWkarERskyMk*:n
kaltMkl´nUvbuK<lCakNþal> kñúgkEnøgénbuK<lCaRKU nig kñúg kEnøgénbuK<lEdlRsLaj´
rEmglM:k
kalRBHeyaKI
rMlwk
dl´buK<lEdlmaneB[r esckþIeRkaZ k*rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHehtu enaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvcMerInemtþa CadMbUg kñúgbuK<lTaMgLay man buK<lEdlminCaTIRsLaj´CaedImeLIy . cMENkÉ
kñúgbuK<lGñkmanePTCasRtUvnwgKña
kalRBH
eyaKI cMerInedaycMeBaH R:rBÆnUvbuK<lGñkmanePTCasRtUvnwgKña enaHÉg raK; rEmgekIteLIg . :n»za buRtrbs´Gamatümñak´ sYrRBHezr; EdlCaCItunza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn etIbuK<l KYrcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lEbbNa/³ . RBHezr; eqøIyza ²kñúgbuK<l EdlCaTIRsLaj´³ .
k*Priyarbs´xøÜn CaTIRsLaj´ énGamatü
enaH . GamatüenaH k*cMerInemtþacMeBaHPriyaenaH eZVIkarRbyuTÆCa mYynwgCJ¢aMg rhUtraRtITaMgBYg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI min RtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<lEdlmanePTCasRtUvnwgKñaeT . cMENkkñúgbuK<lEdleZVIkalkiriyaehIy cMerIn ‘emtþa’ k*rEmgmindl´nUvGb|na
kalRBHeyaKI
mindl´nUvóbcar;eLIy .
:n»mkza Pikú¡kMeLaHmYyrUb R:rBÆnUvGacarü eTIbepþImnUvemtþa . emtþa rbs´Pikú¡enaH RbRBwtþeTAmin:neLIy . Pikú¡enaH eTAkan´ sMNak´RBHmhaezr;ehIysYrza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn kar cUlemtþaQan
rbs´x\úMm©as´
CaZmμCatsÞat´BitEmn
bu¨Enþx\úMm©as´
minGacedIm|IcUlemtþaQansmabtþienaH:neT etIeRBaHehtuGVI³ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
151
152
RBhμviharnieTÞs
RBHezr; eqøIyza ²mñalGavuesa cUrelakEsVgrknUvnimitþ³ . Pikú¡
GtþPaB
enaH kalEsVgrk ‘nUvnimitþ’ dwgzaGacarüeZVIkalkiriyaehIy k*
rkSaxøÜncuH ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedImkþI BaküNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´
cMerInemtþa R:rBÆGñkdéT ehIyk*:nsMercsmabtþi . eRBaHehtu
Rtas´ehIy kñúgemtþsURt za ²sUmstVTaMgGs´ manesckþIsux
enaH
ß manesckþIekSm sUmmanxøÜndl´nUvesckþIsux ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCa
RBHeyaKI minRtUvcMerInemtþa kñúgbuK<leZVIkalkiriyaeLIy .
‘cMerInemtþa kñúgxøÜnÉgCamun’
kMuomaneB[r
kMuomanBüa:T
kuMbImanTuk¡
manEtsux
edImkþIç BakükñúgKm¬IrviPg<CaedImenaH rEmgxus eRBaHkñúgBaküenaH
Etza munCagCnTaMgGs´ RBHeyaKI Kb|IcMerInemtþa kñúgxøÜn
RBHmanRBHPaK minRTg´Rtas´nUvkarcMerIn ‘emtþa’ kñúgxøÜn³ dUecñH .
Ég Caer]y> y¨agenH za ²sUmoGatμaGj CaGñkdl´ehIynUv
Kb|IeqøIyza ; BakükñúgKm¬IrviPg<CaedImenaH minxusGVIeT .
esckþIsux kMubImanTuk¡eLIy³ ßza ²GatμaGj cUrCaGñkminman
eRBaHehtuGVI /
eB[r minmanBüa:T minmanesckþITuk¡ manesckþIsux rkSanUvxøÜn³
edayGMNacénGb|na BaküpSayemtþa kñúgxøÜnmanCaGaTi¾za ²sUm
dUecñHk*:n .
oGatμaGj:nesckþIsux³ dUecñHenH KWx\úM:neBalehIy eday
ebImanBaküsYrza ; kalebImanehtuy¨agenH BaküÉNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy kñúgviPg< za
²mñalPikú¡TaMg
eRBaHBaküenaH RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy
GMNacPav;énxøÜnCabnÞal´ .
EmnBitRbsinebIRBHeyaKI cMerInnUv
emtþa kúñgxøÜn tamn&yza ²sUmoGatμaGj CaGñkmanesckþIsux³
Lay cuHPikú¡mancitþRbkbedayemtþa pSayeTAkan´Tis 1 etIdUc
dUecñHCaedImkþI Gs´kal 100 qñaM ß 1ç000 qñaM
emþc . buK<leXIjbuK<lmñak´ EdlCaTIRsLaj´ CaTIeBjcitþ
ekIteLIg dl´RBHeyaKIenaH:neT . bu¨EnþkalRBHeyaKIenaHcMerIn
Kb|IpSayemtþa y¨agNamij Pikú¡ rEmgpSayemtþacitþ cMeBaHBYk
‘emtþa kñúgxøÜn’ za ²sUmoGatμaGj manesckþIsux³ dUecñHCaedIm
stVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHÉg‘1’ ³ dUecñHkþI BaküNaEdlRBHsarIbuRt
PaBénxøÜnCaGñkR:zñanUvesckþIsux kñúgBYkstVdéT rEmgekIteLIg
eBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ²emtþaecetavimutþi pSayedayminman
eRBaHeZVIxøÜn oCabnÞal´za GatμaGj cg´:nnUvesckþIsux sÁb´
cMENk edayGakar 5 etIdUcemþc /
KW pSayedayemtþacitþza
ex¬ImesckþITuk¡ cg´manCIvitrs´enA nig mincg´:nnUvesckþIsøab´eT
sUmstVTaMgGs´ kMuomaneB[r kMuomanBüa:T kuMbImanTuk¡ man
y¨agNa ÉBBYkstVdéT k*cg´:nesckþIsux sÁb´ex¬ImesckþITuk¡
Etsux rkSaxøÜncuHç sUmstVmanCIvitTaMgGs´ÇÇÇ sUmstVekItehIy
cg´manCIvitrs´enA nig mincg´:nesckþIsøab´ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
TaMgGs´ÇÇÇ sUmbuK<lTaMgGs´ÇÇÇ sUmstVTaMgGs´ Edlrab´zaman 1-
GPiÇ
viÇ
PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 313 .
mYyeT[t 1–
Gb|na k*min
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ za ;
suÇ bdiÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 97 . 2– suÇ xuÇ xuTÞk:fÇ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
153
RBhμviharnieTÞs
rYmEdncUlKña’ kñúglMdab´GMBIbuK<l manGacarüCaedImenaHmk Kb|I
buK<l mancitþrMBwgKit sBVTis rEmgrkmineXIj nUv bu K<lCaTIRsLaj´ CagxøÜ n
154 cMerInemtþa
kñú gTIN amY y eT
cMeBaHbuK<lCasMLaj´EdlCaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk
xøÜneTIbCaTIRsLaj´eRcInCagbuK<ldéT y¨agenaH
buK<lCasMLaj´
Kb|Ieb[teb[nbuK<ldéTeLIy
RBHeyaKavcrcMerIn Kb|IeZVInUvcitþTn´oKYrdl´Pavnakmμ kñúgcMENk
‘1’ dUecñH
mYy> ehIyKb|IRbmUlmk kñúgbuK<lCalMdab´KñaenaH > .
RTg´sMEdgehIynUvn&yenHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IpSayemtþacMeBaHxøÜn Ca dMbUg edIm|IPaBCabnÞal´ kñúglMdab´enaH edIm|IjúaMgemtþaPavna o buK<lNaEdlCaTIRsLaj´
CaTIKab´citþ
CaTIeKarB nig CaTIsresIr CaGacarü ß ßza RbEhlGacarü CaóbCÄay¾ ß ßza RbEhlóbCÄay¾ énRBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IrB\k nUvehtuKWPaBénxøÜnCaTIRsLaj´ mankaro nig kareBalnUvBakü CaTIRsLaj´CaedIm nig nUvehtuKWPaBénxøÜnCaTIeKarB nig CaTI sresIr mansIl nig sut;CaedIm énbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´ man GacarüCaedImenaH ehIycMerInemtþa tamn&yCaedImza ²sb|úrsnu@H cUrCaGñkdl´ehIynUvesckþIsux cUrCaGñkminmanTuk¡³ . k* ‘kal cMerIneTA’ cMeBaHbuK<lEbbenH Gb|na rEmgseRmc edayBit .
‘cMerInemtþa rYmextþEdn’ ebIRBHeyaKavcrPikú¡enH ehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHeT
mindl´nUvesckþIeRtkGr
ehIycg´ edIm|IeZVInUvsImsemÖT
1- suÇ sMÇ sKÇ PaKTI 29 TMB&rTI 207 .
cMeBaHbuK<lCa
kNþal GMBIbuK<lCakNþal cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r . k*kal
Ég eRBaHehtuenaH buK<lEdlRsLaj´xøÜn min
RbRBwtþeTAedayRsYl
EdlCaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk
GMBI
eday ‘kar
cMENkRBHeyaKavcrPikú¡Na
minmanbuK<lGñkmaneB[rkþI
sUm|IkalebIbuK<ldéTeZVInUvesckþIvinaso esckþIsMKal´za Ca GñkmaneB[rhñwgÉg
k*minekIteLIg
edayCatiCamhaburskþI
eRBaHPaBénxøÜnCaGñkRbkb
RBHeyaKavcrPikú¡enaH
minKb|IeZVIsUm|I
nUvesckþIxVl´xVay za ²emtþacitþ rbs´Gj kñúgbuK<lCakNþal CacitþKYrdl´Pavnakmμ «LÚvenH GatμaGj RbmUlmk nUvemtþacitþ enaH cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r³ dUecñHeLIy . cMENkxagbuK<lGñk maneB[r mandl´RBHeyaKINa Baküza ²RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInemtþa cMeBaHbuK<lGñkmaneB[r
GMBIbuK<lCakNþal³
RBHd*manRBHPaK
RTg´Rtas´sMedAykRBHeyaKIenaH .
‘TUnμanxøÜneBlekItbdiX;’
‘n&yTI1 rlwkdl´eTasénesckþIeRkaZ’ k*RbsinebIkalRBHeyaKIenaH RbmUlcitþmk cMeBaHbuK<l GñkmaneB[r bdiX; ‘esckþIzñaMgzñak´citþ’ rEmgekIteLIg eRBaHkar rlwker]y>
nUvkMhusEdlbuK<lGñkmaneB[renaHeZVIehIy
ebImanRbkardUecñaH
RBHeyaKIenaH
kalCYbnUvemtþa
kal
cMeBaHbuK<l
visuTÆimK< ERb
155
156
RBhμviharnieTÞs
NamYy kñúgcMeNambuK<lmankñúgkalmunTaMgLayer]y> ecj
‘179’ ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Zm( 7 y¨agenH CaTIeRtkGr
ehIypSayemtþa cMeBaHbuK<lenaHer]y> Kb|IbenÞabg´nUvbdiX; .
énsRtUv CaehtuénsRtUv rEmgmkkan´®sþIPaB ß burisPaBEdl
RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKI Büayam sUm|Iy¨agenH bdiX;
manesckþIeRkaZ . Zm( 7 y¨agenH etIdUcemþc . mñalPikú¡TaMg
enAEtminrlt´ ebImanRbkardUecñH RBHeyaKI Kb|IBüayam edIm|I
Lay sRtUvkñúgelakenH rEmgR:zñanUvehtu y¨agenH dl´sRtUv
lHbg´nUvbdiX; edaykarrlwker]y> nUvRBHOvaTTaMgLay man
za Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH manvNÑ;GaRkk´ . er]genaHeRBaHehtuGVI
RBHOvaTEdleRb[beZ[bedayrNarCaedImcuH .
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay sRtUv rEmgmineRtkGr dl´sRtUv eRBaHvNÑ;
k*RBHeyaKIenaHkalTUnμannUvxøÜnenaH Kb|ITUnμanedayGakar
eT
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bursbuK<lenH ‘kalebI’ manesckþIeRkaZ
enHer]y> za mñalbursGñkeRkaZcéRg ERkgRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´
manesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,t´ehIy
Rtas´ehIy za ;
bursbuK<lenaH TukCalabRsLablÁ :nekarsk´ nwg Bukmat´
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
ebIBYkecar EdlRbRBwtþ
manesckþIeRkaZ
rYbrwtehIy
GaRkk´ naMKñaGarGvyv;tUcZM rbs´GñkTaMgLay edayrNarEdl
ehIyesø{ksMBt´manBN(-s
mandgTaMgsgxag Pikú¡NamYy júaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHecarTaMg
enaH eQμaHza manvNÑ;GaRkk´ CaGñkmanesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,t´
Gm|alenaH
Pikú¡enaH
mineQμaHza
CaGñkeZVItamsasna
rbs´
tzaKt edaykarminGt´sg,t´enaHeLIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñH nig za ; ²GñkNa
eRkaZtb
nwgbuK<lEdleRkaZehIy
k*BitEmnehIy
bu¨EnþbursbuK<l
ehIy . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay enHehAza Zm(TI1 CaTIeRtkGr én sRtUv CaehtuénsRtUv rEmgmkkan´®sþIPaB ß burisPaBEdl manesckþIeRkaZ . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay mYyeT[t sRtUv rEmg
GñkenaHÉgnwgmanesckþIGaRkk´ eRBaHesckþIeRkaZ
R:zñanUvehtuy¨agenH dl´sRtUvza Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH edkCa
enaHÉg ÉbuK<lmineRkaZtb nwgbuK<lEdleRkaZ
Tuk¡ .l. Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenHkMumanRbeyaCn¾eRcIneLIy .l.
ehIy rEmgQñHnUvs®g<am EdleKQñH:neday
Ohñ@
kRm GñkNadwgzaGñkdéTeRkaZnwgxøÜn CaGñkman
buK<lenH kMumanyseLIy .l. Ohñ@ sUmobuK<lenH kMuman
sμartI rmáab´esckþIeRkaZ:n GñkenaH eQμaHza CaGñkRbRBwtþnUvRbyaCn¾ dl´CnTaMg 2 nak´ KW xøÜn nig GñkdéT
‘2’ ³ dUecñH nig za ;
1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ PaKTI21 TMB&rTI24 . 2– suÇ PaKTI30 TMB&rTI89 .
sUmobuK<lenH
miRteLIy
.l.
kMumanePaK;eLIy
.l.
luHEbkZøayragkaysøab´eTA
enH cUleTAkan´suKti sYK( eTvelakeLIy . ehtuGIV .
Ohñ@
sUmo
sUmkMuobuK<l er]genaH eRBaH
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eRBaHsRtUv rEmgmineRtkGr dl´
sRtUv edaydMeNIreTAkan´suKtieT mñalPikú¡TaMgLay bu¨Enþburs-
visuTÆimK< ERb
157
158
RBhμviharnieTÞs
buK<lenH manesckþIeRkaZ manesckþIeRkaZRKbsg,t´ehIy man
enaH sáb´rmáab´ karsáb´rmáab´:ny¨agenH CakarRbéB ebIbdiX;
esckþIeRkaZrYbrwtehIy k*RbRBwtþTuc©rit edaykay RbRBwtþTuc©rit
enaH minsáb´rmáab´eT tGMBIenaHeTA Zm(Na> rbs´buK<lenaH Ca
edayvaca RbRBwtþTuc©rit edaycitþ . luHbuK<lEdlmanesckþI
Zm(sáb´rmáab´ CaZm(d*brisuTÆlÁ kalrlwker]y>eTA k*rEmgnaMmk
eRkaZRKbsg,t´enaH RbRBwtþTuc©ritedaykay vaca edaycitþehIy
nUvesckþIRCHzøa RBHeyaKI Kb|IrMlwknUvZm(enaH> er]y> ehIy
EbkZøayragkaysøab´eTA
benÞabg´nUvbdiX;:n .
k*rEmgeTAekIt
kñúgtircäan
eRbt
Gsurkay nrk ‘1’ ³ dUecñH nig za ;
EmnBit kaysmacarhñwgÉg énRBHeyaKIBYkxøH CasPav;
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eRb[bdUcGg,t´óssMrab´dutexμac Edl
sáb´rmáab´ehIy . ÉPaBénkaysmacar rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH sáb´
rEmg
rmáab´ehIy kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvvtþ nig esckþIRbtibtþieRcIn
minseRmcCaós kñúgRsuk:n TaMgminseRmcCaós kñúgéRB:n
KWCnTaMgGs´ Etgdwg:n . cMENkvcIsmacar nig menasmacar
manóbmay¨agNamij mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ‘buK<lNa CaGñkmin
CasPav;minsáb´rmáab´eT RBHeyaKI minKb|IKitnUvvcIsmacar nig
RbRBwtþ edIm|IRbeyaCn¾xøÜn TaMgminRbRBwtþ edIm|IRbeyaCn¾GñkdéT’
menasmacarTaMgenaH rbs´buK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvkar
tzaKteBalza bursbuK<lenH manóbemyüy¨agenaHEdr ‘2’³ .
sáb´rmáab´énkaysmacar Etbu¨eNÑaH .
ePøIgeqHrnÞalTaMgsgxag
manlamkRbLak´Rtg´kNþal
kñúgkal«LÚvenH GñkenaH kaleRkaZy¨agenH nwgmin:n
vcIsmacarEtmüa¨g énRBHeyaKIBYkxøH CasPav;sáb´rmáab´
eQμaHza CaGñkeZVItamBaküeRb[nRbedA rbs´RBHd*manRBHPaKpg
ehIy . ÉPaBénvcIsmacar énbuK<lBYkxøHenaHsáb´rmáab´ KWCn
EmnBit
k*CaGñkGaRkk´Cag
TaMgGs´ Etgdwg:n . eRBaHzatamRbRktI buK<lenaHCaGñkqøatév
CaGñkQñHnUvs®g<am
kñúgbdisNðar;pg CaGñkKYrRsLaj´pg CaGñkeBalRsYlsþab´
kaleRkaZtb
bursEdleRkaZehIy
‘nwgGñkEdleRkaZ’ nwgmin:neQμaHza
EdleKQñH:nedaylM:kpg
nwg:neQμaHza
CaGñkeZVInUvZ(m
pg
CaGñkrYsraypg
CaGñkmanmuxRss´bs´pg
CaGñkeBal
EdlsRtUveZVIodl´sRtUv dl´xøÜn edayxøÜnÉgpg nwgeQμaHza
munpg sURtnUvZm( edaysMeLgd*BieraH sMEdgnUvZmμkza eday
CaGñkeRb[bdUcCaGg,t´ós sMrab´dutexμacpg³ dUecñH .
bT nig BüJ¢n;TaMgLayd*RtwmRtUv . cMENkkaysmacar nig
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI2 nwkdl´esckþIlÁrbs´eK’
menasmacar minsáb´rmáab´eT . RBHeyaKI minKb|IKitnUvkay-
kalRBHeyaKIenaH RbwgERbgBüayam y¨agenH
smacar nig menasmacar rbs´buK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y>
1- GMÇ sÇ PaKTI 47 TMB&rTI 172 .
ebIbdiX;
2- PaKTI 42 TMB&rTI 235 .
nUvkarsáb´rmáab´ énvcIsmacarEtbu¨eNÑaH:nehIy .
visuTÆimK< ERb
159
160
sMrab´buK<lBYkxøH manmenasmacarEtmüa¨gKt´ sáb´rmáab´ ehIy
.
ÉPaBénmenasmacar
énbuK<lBYkxøHenaH
sáb´rmáab´
ehIy rEmgR:kd dl´CnTaMgGs´ kñúgTITaMgLay mankarcUl
RBhμviharnieTÞs sMrab´buK<lBYkxøH manZm(TaMg 3 enH sáb´rmáab´ehIy RBH
eyaKIR:zñanUvZm(Na> rbs´buK<lenaH Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvZ(m enaH> cuH .
eTAzVaybg<MRBHectiyCaedIm . EmnBit buK<lNa CaGñkmancitþ
mYyeT[t edIm|IsMEdgoc|as´nUvesckþIenHza ²emtþaPavna
minsáb´rmáab´ehIy buK<lenaH kalzVaybgM<nUvRBHectiykþI nUvedIm
CaZmμCati minEmnEdlbuK<lTaMgLay R:kddUecñH eZVI:n eday
eBaZiRBwkSkþI nUvRBHezr;TaMgLaykþI minzVaybgM<edayeKarBeT Ca
kRmeT³ dUecñH GaXatb|divinysURt kñúgbJ©kni:tenHza ²mñal
GñkGg<úymancitþrevIrvayxøH Gg<úyegakgk´xøH kñúgmNÐlCaTIsþab´
Gavuesa KMnuMekIteLIgdl´Pikú¡ Pikú¡RtUvkMcat´bg´ edayRbkarTaMgBYg
nUvZm(
eRBaHGaXatb|divin&yNa GaXatb|divin&yenHman 5 y¨ag ‘1’ ³
.
cMENkbuK<lGñkmancitþsáb´rmáab´ehIy
zVaybgM<edayeKarB
eC]Cak´ehIy
CaGñkmanRtec[kepÞ{gsþab´ehIy
eZVIioCa
RbeyaCn¾ kaleZVIoCak´c|as´ nUvesckþIRCHzøaéncitþ edaykay
sMrab´buK<lBYkxøH menasmacarEtmüa¨gKt´ CasPav;sáb´ rmáab´ehIy dUcEzøgmkenHÉgç kaysmacar nig vcIsmacarTaMg CasPav;minsáb´rmáab´eT
bNÐitKb|IeZVIoBisþarpgcuH .
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI3 esckþIeRkaZeZVITuk¡oxøÜnÉg’ k*RbsinNaebI kalRBHeyaKIenaH Büayam sUm|Iy¨agenH
xøH edayvacaxøH eTIbsþab´Zm( .
Lay
dUecñH
RBHeyaKI
minKb|IKitnUvkay-
smacar nig vcIsmacarTaMgenaH énbuK<lenaHeT Kb|Irlwker]y> nUvkarsáb´rmáab´ énmenasmacarEtmüa¨gbu¨eNÑaH:nehIy . sMrab´buK<lBYkxøH bNþaZm(TaMg 3 enH sUm|IZm(mYy k* minsáb´rmáab´Edr RBHeyaKI Kb|ItMkl´esckþIGaNit kñúgbuK<lenaH
esckþIKMnuM enAEtekIteLIgdEdl kalebImanRbkardUecñH RBHeyaKI Kb|ITUnμanxøÜn y¨agenH za ;
‘1’ zaebIbuK<lmaneB[r eZVIesckþITuk¡dl´Gñk kñúg ragkayrbs´xøÜn cuHehtuGVI k*GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUv esckþITuk¡
kñúgcitþrbs´xøÜn
EdlminEmnCakay
rbs´eKeTAvijç
‘2’ GñklHbg´ehIynUvmatabita Gñkmanóbkar;
za ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH buK<lenH Rtac´eTA kñúgmnusSelak k*Bit
eRcIn nig BYkjati manmuxkMBugEtERskyM ehtu
EmnehIy k*bu¨Enþza edayGMeNIHBIrbIézáeTA buK<lenH nwgCaGñk
GVI minlHbg´nUvesckþIeRkaZ EdlCasRtUv GñkeZVI
bMeBj nUvmhanrk 8 reNþApg nig ósSúTnrk 16 pg³ . d|itza esckþIKMnMu rEmgsáb´rmáab´ eRBaHGaRs&ynUvkruNa .
nUvGMeBIEdlminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾d*ZMç 1-
suÇ GMÇ bÇ
PaKTI 45 TMB&rTI 114 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
161
162
RBhμviharnieTÞs
‘3’ GñkminsmebI enAEtObRkesabesckþIeRkaZ
ehIy eRBaHPav;énZm(TaMgLayCasPav;RbRBwtþeTA
GñkrkSaenaH sUmsYrbnþic GñkNaláIeláI R:kdesμI
GñkNaeT[t kñúgTIenHç
‘4’ GñkeRkaZza kmμminRbesIr EdlbuK<ldéT:n
nUvbuK<lenaHecj buK<lenaH Kb|IeZVInUvesckþITuk¡
dUecñaH edayxøÜnÉgeTAvijç
xøÜnÉgEmnBit eRBaHehtudUcemþc k*GñkenAEteRkaZ
EdlCaeRK]gkat´bg´ nUvb\sénsIlTaMgLayEdl
kñúgxN; kñúgkal«LÚvenH etIGñkenAeRkaZxwgnwg
edayGñkç
‘10’ buK<lNaeZVInUvesckþITuk¡dl´buK<lNa ev[r
eZVIehIy y¨agNahñ@ GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvkmμR:kd
dl´buK<lNa xøÜnGñkCaehtu énesckþITuk¡ eday
‘5’ ebIbuK<ldéTmanbMNgcg´eZVIoGñkxwg :neZVI
xwgnwgeKeT[t .
nUvesckþIminKab´citþo
emþck*GñkjúaMgmenarzrbs´
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI4 BicarNakmμrbs´xøÜn’
eKoeBj edaykarjúaMgkMhwgoekIteLIgenaHç
‘6’ k*ZmμtaGñkeRkaZehIy nwgeZVInUvesckþITuk¡dl´ eK ß mineZVI Et«LÚvenHÉg Gñkeb[teb[n nUvxøÜn Ég edayekaZTuk¡ ‘Tuk¡eRBaHesckþIeRkaZ’ç
‘7’ müa¨geT[t ebIBYkGñkmaneB[r eLIgehIykan´ pøÚvminCaRbeyaCn¾ KWesckþIeRkaZ ehtuemþcTaMgGñk k*xwg yktMrab´tambuK<lBYkenaHeTAvijç
‘8’ sRtUvGaRs&ynUvkarxwgNarbs´Gñk eZVInUvGMeBI minCaTIRsLaj´ cUrGñkkat´ecal nUvesckþIxwgenaH eTA dUcemþck*GñkenAEtekþARkhay kñúgGMeBIEdlmin smKYreZVIGIVeT[tç
‘9’ sRtUv:neZVIGMeBIminCaTIKab´citþdl´Gñk eday xnÆTaMgLayNa xnÆTaMgLayenaH k*rlt´:t´eTA
‘180’ k*RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKIenaHsUm|ITUnμanxøÜn y¨ag enH bdiX; enAEtminsáb´rmáab´hñwgÉgç kalebIy¨agenH RBHeyaKI enH Kb|IBicarNarnUvPaBénxøÜnpg énbuK<ldéTpg za CaGñkman kmμCarbs´xøÜn .
bNþaxøÜn nig buK<ldéTTaMgenaH RBHeyaKIKb|I
BicarNa ‘kmμ’ rbs´xøÜnÉg Camun y¨agenH za ²mñalGñkd*cMerIn GñkeRkaZxwgehIycMeBaHbuK<lenaH
GñknwgeZVInUvGVI
ERkgkmμenaH
maneTasCaehtu nwgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾ dl´Gñk eTß eRBaHza Gñk CaGñkmankmμCarbs´xøÜn CaGñkmankmμCamt(k CaGñkmankmμCakMeNIt
CaGñkmankmμCaepABgS
CaGñkmankmμCa
TIBwgGaRs&y GñknwgeZVInUvkmμNa nwgCaGñkTTYlyknUvrgVan´ én kmμenaH
mYyvijeT[t kmμenH minGacjúaMgsmμasem¬aZiJ¦aN o
sMerc dl´Gñk:neT minGacjúaMgbec©keBaZi‘J¦aN’ osMeRmc eT minGacjúaMgsavkPUmiosMerc:neT minGacjúaMgsm|tþiNa-
visuTÆimK< ERb
163
164
RBhμviharnieTÞs
mYy kñúgcMeNamsm|tiþTaMgLay manPaBénxøÜnCaRBhμ CaRBH«nÞ
buK<lenaH oXøakcakRBHsasnaehIy júaMgPaBénbuK<l man
CaesþccRkBtþi
dl´
buK<lGñksIuEdlCaedIm nig júaMgTuk¡viessTaMgLay manTuk¡kñúg
Gñk:neTç ebItamBiteTA kmμenH manEtjúaMgGñkoXøakcakRBH
nrkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA dl´buK<lenaHç buK<enaHÉg kaleZVInUv
sasnaehIy júaMgPaBénbuK<l manbuK<lGñksIuEdlCaedIm nig
kmμenH eQμaHza erayraynUv ‘eTas’ dl´xøÜnÉg eRb[bdUcCa
júaMgTuk¡viessTaMgLay manTuk¡kñúgnrkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA dl´
burs GñkQrenA kñúgTIRcasxül´ ehIyR:zñaerayray nUvbuK<l
Gñkç GñkenaH kaleZVInUvkmμenH eQμaHza dutnUvxøÜnÉg Camun nig
déT edayZUlI dUecñaHÉg . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ za ;
nig
CaesþckñúgRbeTsCaedIm
oseRmc
eQμaHza eZVIxøÜnÉg omankøinsÁúy dUcCabursGñkR:zña edIm|Icab´ nUvregIkePøIgTaMgLay EdlR:scakGNþatkþI nUvlamkkþI eday édTaMg 2 ehIyRbharnUvbuK<ldéT eQμaHza dutnUvxøÜnÉg Camun nig eQμaHza eZVIxøÜnÉgomankøinsÁúy y¨agenaHEdr . RBHeyaKI luHBicarNa nUvPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmankmμCarbs´ xøÜn y¨agenHehIy Kb|IBicarNa nUvPaBénbuK<ldéTCaGñkmankmμ Carbs´xøÜn y¨agenH za ²sUm|IbuK<lenaH xwgcMeBaHGñkehIy nwg eZVInUvGVI ERkgkmμenaH nwgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IminEmnCaRbeyaCn¾ dl´ buK<ln@uHÉg
eRBaHza
elakGñkd*manGayuenH
CaGñkmankmμCa
rbs´xøÜn CaGñkmankmμCamt(k .l. nwgeZVInUvkmμNa nwgCaGñk TTYlyknUvrgVan´énkmμenaH
mYyvijeT[t
kmμenH
minGacjúaMg
smμasem¬aZiJ¦aN osMercdl´eK:neT minGacjúaMgbec©keBaZi ‘J¦aN’ oseRmc:neT minGacjúaMgsavkPUmi osMerc:neT minGacjúaMgsm|tþiNamYy kñúgcMeNamsm|tiþTaMgLay manPaB énxøÜnCaRBhμ CaRBH«nÞ CaesþccRkBtþi nig CaesþckñúgRbeTs CaedIm oseRmcdl´eK:neTç ebItamBiteTA kmμenH manEtjúaMg
buK<lBalNa RbTUsþcMeBaHCn EdlminRbTUsþ CabursbrisuTÆ
minmankielsdUcCaTITYl
:b
rEmgRtLb´mkRtUvbuK<lBalenaHvij dUcCaZUlId* lÁit EdlbuK<l:cRcasxül´> k*RtLb´mkRtUv Gñk:cenaHvij
‘1’
.
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI5 BicarNadl´buBVcriyarbs´RBHBuTÆ’ ‘181’ k*RbsinebI RBHeyaKIenaH BicarNa nUvkmμsSkta y¨agenHehIy bdiX; k*enAEtminsáb´rmáab´dEdl kalebIy¨ag enH RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IBicarNa nUvKuNCacMENk énbuBVcriya rbs´RBHsasþavijmþg . enHCan&yénkarBicarNa kñúgbuBVcriya KuNrbs´RBHsasþaenaH za ²EnbBVCitd*cMerIn RBHsasþarbs´Gñk minTan´:nRtas´dwg kñúgkalmunGMBIsem¬aZism&y sUm|IenACaRBH eBaZistVenAeLIy kalbMeBjRBH:rmI Gs´ 4 Gseg¡ykMérmYy Esnkb| k*minjúaMgcitþRbTUsþcMeBaHbuK<lTaMgLayCasRtUvsUm|I 1- suÇ sMÇ sÇ
PaKTI 30 TMB&rTI 92 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
165
CaGñksmøab´ kñúgCatiTaMgLayenaH>k*eday er]genHdUcemþcxøH/ .
‘sIlvCatk’
166
RBhμviharnieTÞs er]gkñúgxnþivaTICatk
xnþivaTItabseBaZistV
kalebIRBH
raCa ‘klaBu’ EdnkasI RTg´manR:C\aTn´exSay RTg´Rtas´sYrza
bNÐitKb|IRCaber]g kñúgsIlvCatk munsin RBHsIlv-
²EnsmN; etIGñkmanvaTIdUcemþc³ dUecñH k*eqøIyza ²Gatμa eQμaH
eBaZistV kalRBHraCaEdlCasRtUv KWGamatü:b EdlRbTUsþ
za xnþivaTI³ dUecñH RtUvvayedayepþATaMgbnøaehIy kat´éd nig eCIg
ehIy cMeBaHRBHeTvIrbs´RBHGg< naMykmkehIy deNþImyknUv
ecalk*eday k*min:neZVIsUm|InUvehtuRtwmEtkareRkaZxwgeLIy .
GaNaextþ Gs´TI300 eyaCn¾ k*min:noBYkGamatüEdleRkak
karEdlxnþivaTItabs EdlCaZM cUlkan´pñÜsehIy Kb|I
eLIg edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´karkarBar cab´Bal´sUm|InUvGavuZeLIy RtUvRBHraCaCasRtUv
mYyGenøIedayGamatümYyBan´
k*mineZVIsUm|IRtwmEtkarjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ
RTg´eZVIkar
Büayamrbs´bursehIy k*:nmanCIvitmkvij eRBaHGaRs&ynUv Eq,cckTaMgLayEdlmkkkayGacm¾dIsIunUvsasB RTg´cuHehIy kñúgbnÞb´d*mansirIrbs´xøÜn
edayGanuPaBénykS
EdledkehIyelIdMeNkd*mansirI
eXIjnUvsRtUv
mineZVInUvesckþIeRkaZxwgesaH
eZVInUvkars|zEs|KñaeTAvijeTAmk k*:nEtgtaMgnUvsRtUvenaH kñúg tMENgdUcCamiRt ehIyRtas´za ;
bursCabNÐit RtUvEtbu¨nb¨gomutmaM minRtUven]y NayeLIy
eyIgeXIjnUvxøÜneyIgRsab´ehIy
eyIgR:zña y¨agNa k*:ny¨agenaH
‘xnþivaTiCatk’ 1- suÇ xuÇ CaÇ PaKTI 58 TMB&rTI 23 .
‘1’
.
‘cULZmμ:lCatk’
CIknUvEpndI
RbmaNRtwm-k ehIykb´ecal kñúgéRBsμsan CaTIecalnUvexμac Rss´eT[t
eZVI:ny¨agenH nu@H minCakarGs©arüNas´NaeT .
Gm|aly¨agkñúgcULZmμ:lCatk Zmμ:lkumareBaZistV sUm|ICaGñkenAedkpáar kalRBHmataRTg´RBHBilab y¨agenHza ;
bBiRtRBHsmμtieTB
edImédTaMgLay
Edllab
ln´ehIy edayrsénxøwmcnÞn¾ énZmμ:l GñkCa TayaT EpndIdac´ CIvit rbs´xM\úm©as´k*nwgrlt´eTA r
dUecñH RtUvRBHraCaRBHnammhabtab;Cabita Rtas´bJ¢a oeKkat´ éd nig eCIgTaMg 4 dUcCakg´énb\sSIbu¨NÑwgehIy k*enAEtminlμm RBHT&y RTg´Rtas´bg<ab´ ‘eT[t’ za ²cUrGñkTaMgLaykat´nUvk|al rbs´va³ dUecñH eTIbRTg´das´et]nxøÜnza ²kñúgkal«LÚvenH enHKWCa kalCaTIpÞj´pÞal´nUvcitþrbs´GñkolÁehIy
mñalZmμ:ld*cMerIn
«LÚvenH GñkcUrCaGñkmancitþesμI cMeBaHbuK<lTaMg 4 nak´enH KW cMeBaHRBHbitaGñkbg<ab´okat´k|al 1 cMeBaHbursGñkkat´k|al1 cMeBaHRBHmata
EdlkMBugEtRTg´xSwkxSÜl 1 cMeBaHxøÜn 1 ³ dUecñH
visuTÆimK< ERb
167
ehIy RTg´GZidðannUvTL$smaTan‘KWkareZVIcitþesμIorwgmaM’ min:n RTg´eZVIsUm|IRtwmEtGakarEdlRbTUsra¨yeLIy . Zmμ:lkumarCamnusSRtLaMg :neZVIehIyy¨agenH eday ehtuNa
ehtunu@H BMuTan´Gs©arüenAeLIyeT .
bu¨nGm|aly¨ag ‘kñúgqTÞnþCatk’ RBHeBaZistVsUm|ICastV tircäan KWCadMrIeQμaHqTÞnþ sUm|IRtUvkUnsrEdlRtaMeehIy eday zñaMBis mutehIy Rtg´p©it k*minjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHRBanGñk eZVInUvesckþIvinas smdUcCaRBHGdðkzacarü eBalTukehIy za ;
RtUvRBanéRB:j´ehIy
RBhμviharnieTÞs
sVaenH CaGahar rbs´BYkmnusS dUcCaBYkRmwK déT kñúgéRBEdr ebIdUecñaH GatμaGj XøanehIy Kb|Ismøab´nUvsVaenHsIu GjsIuEqÁtehIy nwgyk nUvsac´Caes|{g
‘qTÞnþCatk’
dMrId*RbesIr
168
edaysrd*
ezøas minmancitþRbTUsþ:nniyaynwgRBanéRBza EnsMLaj´ GñkRtUvkarGVI etIeRBaHehtuGVI:nCaGñk smøab´eyIg müa¨geT[t karRbkbenHrbs´GñkNa dUecñH luHeBaly¨agenHrYcehIy RBanR:b´za ²x\úM CaGñkEdlRBH mehsI énesþckñúgEdnkasI RTg´Rtas´bJ¢Únmk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾
ehIynwgedIreTA
nwgqøgnUvpøÚv
qáay es|{grbs´Gjk*manRsab´ dUecñHehIy k*elIkdMuzμehIyTMlayk|al kalRkeLkemIl nUv bursenaH manEPñkTaMgLay eBjehIyedayTwkEPñk eBalza ;
bBiRtelakd*cMerIn elakCaelakm©as´énx\úM eQμaH za elakkMueZVIeLIynUvGMeBIR:kddUcenH KYrCaGñk manGayuEvgKYredIm|IhamXat´nUvCnTaMgLaydéT dUecñHehIy minjúaMgcitþoRbTUsþ kñúgbursenaH minKitnUvesckþITuk¡ rbs´xøÜnesaH
ehIyjúaMgbursenaHÉg
o:ndl´ehIy
nUvPUmi
EdlmanesckþIekSmkSanþ .
‘PUriTtþCatk’
dl´PøúkTaMgLayrbs´Gñk³ dUecñH kaljúaMgmenarz énRBanenaH
‘kñúgPUriTtþCatk’ RBHeBaZistV CanaKraC eQμaHza PUriTtþ
oeBj :noRBankat´PøúkTaMgLay rbs´xøÜn d*PøWepøkdUcCamas
kalGZidðan nUvGg<énóe:szsIlehIy k*edkenAelIk|aldMbUk
Edlruger]gRBmehIyqøúHrsμImanBN( 6 .
kalebIsrIr;TaMgmUl TukCaRtUvRBanRBYsedayOsz
‘mhakbiCatk’ ‘kñúgmhakbiCatk’ RBHeBaZistV CasVad*ZM RtUvbursEdl elIkeLIgehIy GMBIeRCaHPñM edayxøÜnÉg Kity¨agenH za ;
edayePøIgEdltaMgenAGs´kb|
dak´cuHkñúgkMeR:gehIy
R:kdesμI oelg
kñúgsklCm¬ÚTVIb k*min:neZVIehIysUm|IRtwmEtkiriyajúaMgcitþ o RbTUsþ kñúgRBanéRBenaHeLIy smdUcCaelakeBalTuk za ;
visuTÆimK< ERb
x\úMkalGalm¬ay
RckkñúgkMeR:gkþI
169
kaljaMjI
edayEkgeCIgkþI k*mineRkaZxwgEdr eRBaHP&yxøac GMBIkiriyadac´énsIl rbs´eyIg .
CanaKraCeQμaHza
RBhμviharnieTÞs sUm|IkñúgRKaEdlRBHeBaZistV ekItCasg¡:lnaKraC RtUv
kUnRBanéRB 16 nak´ ecaHRskITaMgLay 8 kEnøg edaylMEBg TaMgLayd*mut ehIyrujvløiEdlmanbnøacUleTAtammuxrbYsTaMg Lay RckExSEdlmaM tamRcmuH ehIyEsgGUs edaysERgk
‘cem|yüCatk’ sUm|IRKakalRBHeBaZistV
170
cem|yü;
RtUvhμBs´eb[teb[n k*min:njúaMgsUm|IRtwmEtesckþIRbTUsþéncitþ oekIteLIgEdr smdUcCaelakeBalehIy za ;
hμBs´ cab´nUvGjCaGñkRbRBwtþnUvZm( caMóe:sz ‘naMeTAo’elg eT[bTVarRBHraCvaMg k*kñúgkalenaH hμBs´enaH KitnUvBN(Na KW BN(ex[vkþI B(N el]gkþI BN(RkhmkþI x\úMkalRbRBwtþtamcitþ énhμ Bs´enaH CaGñkeQVgyl´nUvehtuEdlhμBs´enaH KitehIy x\úMKb|IeZVITIeKakoeTACaTITwkk*:n Kb|I eZVITITwkoeTACaTIeKakk*:n RbsinebIx\úMKb|IeRkaZ xwg cMeBaHhμBs´enaH k*x\úMKb|IeZVIhμBs´enaH oeTA CaepH Pøam>k*:n RbsinebIx\úMnwgCaGñkRbRBwtþeTA
manxøÜnb¨HTg<icRtg´épÞénZrNI TTYlnUvesckþITuk¡d*ZMEZg xwgehIy sUm|ICaGñkGac edIm|IeZVInUvkUnRBanéRBTaMgGs´oeTACaepH eday RKan´EtRkeLkemIlbu¨eNÑaH eZμcEPñkehIy min:neZVIehIysUm|I RtwmEtGakarEdlRbTUsþ .
smdUcCaelakeBalehIy za ;
bBiRtGLar; x\úMrkSaóe:sz kñúgézáTI14 nig ézá TI 15 Canic© RKaenaH BYkePaCbuRt 16 nak´ kan´nUvExS nig GnÞak´d*maM edIrmk RBanTaMgLay TMlay ‘srIr;’ ykExSxøúsRcmuHehIy EsgnaM ykx\úMeTA x\úMjúaMgóe:sz minokeRmIk xMGt´RTaM nUvesckþITuk¡TaMgenaH . k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´:neZVInUvKuNKYrGs©arü manRbkardUc eBalmkbu¨eNÑH enABMuTan´Gs´eCIgeT RTg´:neZVInUvKuNTaMgLay
kñúgGMNacéncitþ xúM\nwgsabsUnüehIy caksIl
déTeT[t
kalebIx\úMsabsUnücaksIlehIy RbeyaCn¾ d*
e:skCatkCaedImç GMeBIeQμaHza karjúaMgbdiXcitþ oekIteLIg
ótþm nwgminseRmceLIy .
CakarminKYr KW mansPaBminsmKYréRkeBk dl´GñkenaH Edl
‘sg¡:lCatk’
EdlKYroGs©arüCaeRcIn
kñúgCatiTaMgLay
manmatu-
eBalGagnUvRBHd*manRBHPaKGg<enaH Edlkñúgkal«LÚvenH RTg´ seRmcehIy nUvsBVJ¦útþJ¦aN manxnþICaKuN CaRBHsasþa min
visuTÆimK< ERb manbuK<lNamYy
171
kñúgelakRBmTaMgeTvelakeRb[besμI:neLIy
172
RBhμviharnieTÞs
s®g<amRbek[kKñaTaMgBIrxag sÞúHeTAkñúgsmuRT tamnava nig eZVInUv kargardéTeT[t
y¨agdUecñHÉg .
‘TUnμanxøÜnn&yTI6 BicarNarkarTak´TgkñúgvdþsgSar’
EdleZVI:nedaylM:k
RbmUlnUvRTBü
eday
ó:yTaMgLayenaH> edayKitza ²GjnwgciJ©wmnUvkUntUc³ dUecñH
‘182’ k*RbsinebI kalRBHeyaKIenaH sUm|IBicarNa nUv
ehIyciJ©wmnUvGatμaGjç bursenH CabgbÁÚnRbus RsIenH Cabg
RBHKuN KWkiriyaRbRBwtþikñúgxagedIm rbs´RBHsasþa dUcEdl:n
bÁÚnRsI bursenHCakUnRbus nig RsIenHCakUnRsI ‘rbs´GatμaGj’
eBalmky¨agenHç
rbs´RBHeyaKIGñkdl´nUv
k*za:n TaMg:neZVIehIy nUvóbkar;enHpgenaHpg dl´GatμaGj
PaBCax\úMénkielsTaMgLay Gs´raRtIkald*EvgenaH enAEtminTan´
eRBaHehtuenaH karEdlGatμaGj júaMgcitþoRbTUsþ cMeBaHbuK<l
sáb´rmáab´eT[t
TaMgLayenaH minsmKYresaHeLIy³ dUecñH .
esckþIzñaMgzñak´citþ
bnÞab´mk
RBHeyaKIenaH
Kb|IBicarNa
nUvPaB
énsgSar minmanTIbMput . EmnBit kñúgGnmtK<sURtenaH RBHman
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI7 BicarNaGanisgSénemtþa’ ‘183’ k*RbsinebIRBHeyaKIenaH enAEtminGac edIm|IrMlt´
RBHPaKRTg´Rtas´RBHtRmas´enH za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay stVNa minZøab´ekItCamata stVNa minZøab´ekItCabita stVNa minZøab´
nUvcitþ
ekItCabgbÁÚnRbus stVNa minZøab´ekItCabgbÁÚnRsI stVNa min
GanisgSénemtþa y¨agenHza ²mñalbBVCitd*cMerIn ERkgRBHd*man
Zøab´ekItCakUnRbus stVNaminZøab´ekItCakUnRsI stVenaH eKmin
RBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za; mñalPikú¡TaMgLay emtþaecetavimutíþ Edl
gayrk:n ‘1’ ³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IjúaMgcitþ oekIt
buK<l:nesB Gb´rM eZVIoeRcIn eZVIodUcCayan eZVIodUcCaTItaMg
eLIg kñúgbuK<lenaH za ²:n»za kñúgkalEdlknøgmkehIy ®sþI
tm,l´maM snSMedaym¨t´ct´ R:rBÆlÁehIy nwgmanGanisgS 11
enH Camatarbs´Gj kalrkSanUvépÞ Gs´ 10 Ex k*minex¬ImeqÁIm
CaR:kd GanisgS 11 etIdUcemþcxøH KW emtþaviharibuK<l rEmg
naMecjmknUvvtæúminsÁatTaMgLaymanmURt krIs Twkmat´ nig Twk
edklk´RsYl 1 P\ak´eLIgk*RsYl 1 minyl´sbþGaRkk´ 1 CaTI
sem|arCaedIm
epþkenAelIRTUg
RsLaj´énmnusSTaMgLay1 CaTIRsLaj´énGmnusSTaMgLay1
Bedayceg,H ciJ©wmehIyç ‘bursenH’ Cabita rbs´Gj kaleTA
BYkeTvtaEtgrkSa 1 ePøIgkþIzñaMBiskþIs®sþavuZkþI rEmgminb¨HBal´1
kan´pøÚvlM:kTaMgLay manpøÚvBEB nig pøÚvkegVrCaedIm RbkbnUv
buK<lenaHtm,l´citþenAnwgd*qab´rh&s1 mansm|úrmuxRss´bs´1
karCYj lHbg´TaMgCIvit edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´Gj ehIycUleTAkñúg
minvegVgeZVImrNkal 1 kalebIminTan´:nRtas´dwgnUvmK<pleT
1- suÇ sMÇ niÇ
dUcCaeKnaMecjnUvxøwmcnÞn¾Rkhm
PaKTI 32 TMB&rTI 101 .
y¨agdUecñH:neT
bnÞab´mk
RBHeyaKIenH
Kb|IBicarNa
Kg´:neTAekItenAÉRBhμelak 1 ³ dUecñH zaebIGñkminrMlt´nUvcitþ
visuTÆimK< ERb
173
174
RBhμviharnieTÞs
‘TUnμanxøÜncugeRkay eZVIkarEvkEjknUvTan’
enHeT GñknwgenAxageRkAGMBIGanisSTaMgenH .
‘185’ EtebIRBHeyaKIenH minGac edIm|IeZVIkarbMEbkZatu
‘TUnμanxøÜn n&yTI8 eRbIviZIbMEbkZatu’ y¨ag
‘y¨agenH’ :neT Kb|IeZVIkarEvkEjknUvTan . RBHeyaKI Kb|Io
enH:neT Kb|IeZVIkarEvkEjkZatuç etIRtUveZVIdUcemþc/ KWRtUvTUnμan
vtæúEdlCarbs´xøÜn dl´GñkdéT . Kb|ITTYlyk nUvvtæúrbs´Gñk
xøÜn
cuHGñkkalxwgcMeBaH
déTmk edIm|IxøÜn . k*RbsinebIGñkdéT CaGñkmanGaCIBepSgKña
buK<lenH Gñkxwgdl´GñkNa Gñkxwgdl´sk´TaMgLayß ßzadl´
manbrik¡arminlμmeRbIR:s´ RBHeyaKIRtUvoEtvtæúCarbs´xøÜnvij .
eramTaMgLay RkckTaMgLay .l. Gñkxwgdl´TwkmURtß ßBuM
kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenH esckþIKMnMu cMeBaHbuK<lenaH rEmg
enaHesat Gñkxwgdl´bfvIZatu kñúgGakarTaMgLaymansk´CaedIm
sáb´rmáab´ edaycMENkmYyEmnBit . cMENkesckþIeRkaZ rbs´
ß Gñkxwgdl´Gae:Zatu eteCaZatu vaeyaZatuß/ müa¨gvijeT[t
RBHeyaKIeRkAenH
elakd*manGayuenH eKehAza maneQμaHy¨agenH eRBaHGaRs&y
k*rEmgsáb´rmáab´:n kñúgxN;enaHPøamEdr dUcCaesckþIeRkaZrbs´
nUvxnÆ 5 TaMgLayNa eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGaytn; 12 TaMgLay
RBHmhaezr;Gñk:n:RtehIy EdlRBHezr; GñkRbRBwtþbiNÐ:t
Na eRBaHGaRs&ynUvZatu 16 TaMgLayNaç kñúgbJ©k¡nÆTaMgenaH
Cavtþ Gñkmanesnasn;enArYcehIy Gs´va;3 dg kñúgvtþeQμaH
etIGñkxwgdl´rUbk¡nÆß ßza Gñkxwgdl´evTnaxnÆÇÇÇsJ¦axnÆÇÇÇsg¡ar
citþlbB(t
k¡nÆÇÇÇnig viJ¦aNk¡nÆç müa¨geT[t Gñkxwgdl´ck¡%aytn;ß ßza Gñk
edaytémø 8 khabN; Edló:sikaCamatarbs´x\úMRbeKnehIy
xwgdl´rU:ytn;/
Gñkxwgdl´mnaytn; ß Gñkxwgdl´
CalaPRbkbedayZm( sUmRBHetCHRBHKuNeZVInUvbuJ¦laP dl´
müa¨geT[t Gñkxwgdl´ckú¡Zatu ß Gñkxwgdl´rUbZatu
mhaó:sikapgcuH³ dUecñH RbeKnehIy sáb´rmáab´y¨agenaHÉg .
Gñkxwgdl´ckú¡viJ¦aNZatu .l. Gñkxwgdl´menaZatu ß xwgdl´
BitEmnehIy ZmμtaTanenH manGanuPaBeRcIny¨agenHÉg smdUc
ZmμZatu ßk*Gñkxwgdl´menaviJ¦aNZatu/³ dUecñH . EmnBitehIy
elakeBalehIy za ;
‘184’
EtebIRBHeyaKI
edayviZIy¨agenHza
Zmμaytn;/ç
.l.
minGacedIm|IeZVIcitþorMlt´
²EnbBVCitd*cMerIn
kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVInUvkarbMEbkZatu dUc:neBalmkenH TICaTI taMgenAs)b´énesckþIeRkaZ k*minman dUcCaTItaMgénRKab´és¬ elI EdkEdlRsYc minman nig dUcCaTItaMgénrUbKMnUrBÆd*Gakas min man y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
sUm|ICab´tamehIy
eBalza
cab´taMgGMBIGtItCatimk
²bBiRtRBHetCHRBHKuN
:RtenH
TanCaeRK]gTUnμancitþEdlminTan´TUnμanehIy Tan CaeRK]gjúaMgRbeyaCn¾TaMgBYg osMerc:n Cn TaMgLay eRtkRtGalpg zñmcitþpg eRBaHkaro CamYynwgkareBalBaküCaTIRsLaj´ .
Rbkb
visuTÆimK< ERb
175
‘186’ kalRBHeyaKIenaH manesckþIzñaMgzñak´citþ cMeBaH
176
RBhμviharnieTÞs
nUvPikú¡TaMg 3 rUbeLIy³ dUecñHç
sImsemÖT eQμaHza CaEdn
buK<lEdlCasRtUv sáb´rmáab´ edayviZITUnμanxøÜn manRbkarepSg>
KWPikú¡enaH
dUc:nBN(namkenHehIy ‘emtþacitþ EdlRBHeyaKIoRbRBwtþeTA’
RBHeyaKI R:zña ‘oBYkecar’ cab´Pikú¡Na> k*eQμaHza CaGñkmin
kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´ CaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk buK<lCasMLaj´ nig
EsVgrknUvRbeyaCn¾ odl´Pikú¡enaH> eQμaHza CaGñkEsVgrkEt
buK<lCakNþalTaMgLay y¨agNa citþ ‘rbs´RBHeyaKI’ rEmg
RbeyaCn¾ odl´Pikú¡déTeTAvij .
RbRBwtþeTAedayGMNacemtþa kñúgbuK<lmaneB[renaH y¨agnu@HEdr .
mineXIjsUm|InUvPikú¡mYyrUb kñúgcenøaH énCnTaMg 4 nak´ EdlxøÜn
min:neZVIehIyEmnBit . eRBaHehtuGVI/
. eRBaHza
bu¨Enþ kñúgkalNa RBHeyaKI
bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKIenH kaljúaMgemtþaoRbRBwtþeTAer]y>
Kb|Iodl´BYkrecarç citþd*esμIEtmüa¨g rEmgRbRBwtþeTAkñúgxøÜnÉgpg
júaMgPaBéncitþd*esμI kñúgCnTaMg 4 BYk KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<l
kñúgCnTaMg 3 nak´enaHpgç kñúgkalenaH sImsemÖT eQμaHza Ca
CaTIRsLaj´ 1 kñúgbuK<lCakNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lEdlCasRtUv 1
EdnKWRBHeyaKIenaHeZIVehIy dUecñHÉg .
odl´RBm Kb|IeZVICasImsemÖT ‘karrYmEdncUlKña’ . enHKWCa
buraNacarüTaMgLay eBalza ;
lk¡N; énsImsemÖT ‘1’ enaH . zaebI kalebIbuK<lenH CamYynwgbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLaj´ buK<lCakNþal nig buK<lCasRtUvTaMgLay RtUvCa 4 nwgrUb xøÜnÉg Gg<úyehIy kñúgRbeTsmYy BYkecar :nmkehIy eBal za ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´ sUmRBHKuNm©as´ onUvPikú¡mYyrUb dl´ BYkeyIgx\úM³ dUecñHç kalebIbuK<lenaH sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ dUecñH k*Kb|IeBalza ²edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´karsmøab´Pikú¡enaH ykQam kñúgbMBg´-k ehIyeZVInUvBlikmμ³ .
k*kñúger]genaH Pikú¡n@uH Kb|I
Kitza ²BYkecar cUrcab´yk nUvPikú¡ÉeNaH>³ dUecñHç sImsemÖT eQμaHza
CaEdnKWPikú¡enaH
min:neZVIehIyEmnBit
.
Rbsin
ebIRBHeyaKI Kitza ²BYkecar cUrcab´yknUvGatμaGj cUrkMucab´yk 1- karpSayemtþacitþeTAesIμ kñúgEdnTaMg 4 enH ehAza sImsemÖT .
RBHeyaKINa
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCa
CaGñkmancitþCaRbeyaCn¾EmnBit
dl´stVTaMgLay rEmgeXIj nUvPaBepSg> kñúg buK<l 4 BYk KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<lGñkR:zña RbeyaCn¾ 1 kñúgbuK<lCakNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lCa GñkminR:zñaRbeyaCn¾ 1 kñúgkalNaç kñúgkal enaH RBHeyaKIenaH KWbNÐitk*minehAza CaGñk qøat :nemtþatamEdlxøÜnR:zñaeTç kñúgkalNa sImaTaMg 4 KWPikú¡rYmcUlCamYyKñaehIy RBHeyaKI pSayemtþaesμIKña
eTAkan´stVelakTaMgBYg
RBm
TaMgeTvelakpg kñúgkalenaH RBHeyaKIGñkman sImaminR:kd eTIb:neQμaHza CaGñkviessZM
CagRBHeyaKavcrmun .
visuTÆimK< ERb
177
‘emtþaQan’
178
RBhμviharnieTÞs
edayGMNacénQan manbfmCÄanCaedImEtbu¨eNÑaH .
‘Ek:LIGb|mJ¦a’
‘187’ cMENkÉ nimitþkþI óbcarkþI eQμaHza KWPikú¡enH:n k*kalebI
k*kñúg:LInu@H bTza ²emtþashKetn³ esckþIza Rbkb
Pikú¡enH eZVIsImsemÖTehIy Pikú¡enaH kalesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn
RBmehIyedayemtþa . bTza ²ectsa³ KWmancitþ . bTza ²ÉkM
nUvnimitþenaHÉg eQμaHza:nseRmcnUvGb|na tamn&yEdlelak
TisM³RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy edayGMNacénkarpSayeTA
eBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNÉeNaH edayminlM:keLIy .
kan´stVEdlelakrab´bJ©ÚlehIy kñúgTismYy eRBaHGaRs&ynUv
ehIy Gs´kald*esμI énsImsemÖT y¨agdUecñHÉg .
bfmCÄan RbkbRBmedayemtþa EdllHnUvGg< 5 Rbkb
stVEdlelakkMNt´ehIyCadMbUg kñúgTismYy . bTza ²pritVa³
edayGg< 5 manlMG 3 y¨ag bribUredaylk¡N; 10 CaQan
KWb¨HBal´ehIy :ndl´eZVIoCaGarmμN¾ . bTza ²vihrti³ man
EdlRBHeyaKIenaH
man
esckþIza júaMgkiriyaenAeday«riyabz EdlxøÜn:ntaMgTukehIy
RbmaNbu¨eNÑH . k*kalebIbfmCÄanenaH KWRBHeyaKI :nsMerc
kñúgZm(CaeRK]genAd*RbesIr oRbRBwtþeTA . bTza ²tza TutiyM³
ehIy RBHeyaKIenaH kalesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaHÉg
esckþIza RBHeyaKIenaH pSayeTAkan´TisNa> mYy kñúgTisTaMg
eQμaHza sMercnUvTutiyCÄan nig ttiyCÄan kñúgctuk,n&ypg nig
Lay manTisxagekItCaedIm ehIyenA y¨agNaç k*pSayeTAkan´
sMercnUvTutiyCÄan ttiyCÄan nig ctutæCÄan kñúgbJ©k,n&ypg
TisTI2 TisTI3 nig TisTI4 kñúglMdab´énTisTI 1 enaH k*y¨ag
tamlMdab´ . EmnBit RBHeyaKIenaH eQμaHza mancitþRbkbeday
enaHEdr . Baküza ²«ti óTÆM³ éxesckþIza nig edayn&ydUcKñanu@H
emtþa edayGMNacénQanÉNamYy bNþaQanTaMgLay man
Ég kñúgTisxagelI . BIrbTza ²GeZa tiriyM³ KWsUm|IkñúgTisxag
bfmCÄanCaedIm pSayeTAkan´Tis 1 ehIyenAç
eRkam sUm|IkñúgTisTTwg k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . k*kúñgbTTaMg 2 enaH
TisTI2
dUcKña
:nseRmcehIy
TisTI3
dUcKña
edayPavnanueyaK
TisTI4
k*dUcKña
pSayeTAkan´ TisxagelI
TisxageRkam TTwg k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdrç RBHeyaKIenaH mancitþ
bTza ²GeZa³ KWTisxageRkamç
bTza ²tiriyM³ :ndl´TistUc
TaMgLay .
Rbkbedayemtþa d*TUlay d*x¬g´x¬s´ minmanRmaN minmaneB[r
edayn&yenHÉg RBHeyaKI eQμaHzajúaMgcitþ EdlRbkb
minmanBüa:T pSayeTAkan´elakEdlmanstVRKb´GenøI kñúgTis
edayemtþa osÞúHel]neTApg osÞúHel]nRtLb´mkvijpg kñúg
TaMgBYg eRBaHPaBéncitþTaMgGs´ ehIyenA . k*Gb|naCaeRK]geZVI
TisTaMgBYgTaMgLay dUcnaysarzI júaMgesHosÞúHel]neTAmk
oEbøkenH rEmgsMerc dl´RBHeyaKIGñkmancitþ:ndl´ nUvGb|na
kñúgmNÐlCaTIelgesH y¨agenaHÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
179
180
RBhμviharnieTÞs
‘GtæénvikuBVna’
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgnUvkarpSayemtþa edaycMeBaH eRBaHkMNt´nUvTismYy nig TismYy
edaybT:LI manRbmaN
bu¨eNÑH . cMENkbT:LICaedImza ²sBVZi³
RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´
ehIy edIm|IsMEdg edaymincMeBaH .
k*kñúgbTza ²vibueln³ enH bNÐitKb|IeXIjPaB énemtþa shKtcitþCacitþTUlay edayGMNacénkarpSay . k*mYyeT[t citþenaH Cacitþd*ZM edayGMNacénPUmi . CacitþminmanRbmaN
kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²sBVZi³ KWkñúgTisTaMgBYg .
bTza
edayGMNacénesckþIsÞat´pg edayGMNacénRBHeyaKI manstV
²sBVtþtay³ esckþIza eRBaHPaBénRBHeyaKICaGñkmanxøÜn kñúg
CaGarmμN¾manRbmaNmin:npg . eQμaHza CacitþminmaneB[r
stVTaMgBYgTaMgLay manRbePTepSg> GMBIKña dUcCastVzñak´Tab
eRBaHlHbg´nUvsRtUv KWBüa:T:n .
zñak´kNþal zñak´x¬g´x¬s´ EdlCamiRt CasRtUv nig CakNþal
eRBaHlHbg´nUveTamnsS .
eQμaHza CacitþminBüa:T
manGZib|ayza ²minmanTuk¡³ .
GZib|ayza bTza ²GyM brsetþa³ KW eRBaHPav; én
enHCaesckþIénvikuBVna EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy
RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmanxøÜnesμI eRBaHmineZVInUvkarEvkEjk . n&y
edayn&yza ²mancitþRbkbedayemtþa³ dUecñHCaedIm . k*ÉvikuBVna
mYyeT[t bTza ²sBVtþtay³ esckþIzaedayPaBéncitþTaMgGs´.
‘kareZVIoCak´c|as´’ enH rEmgsMerc dl´RBHeyaKIGñkmancitþdl´
GZib|ayza ²min:nbJÚ¢ncitþeTABÆd*xageRkAsUm|IEtbnþicbnþÜc³ .
ehIynUvGb|naEtbu¨eNÑaH y¨agNamij RBHsarIbutþetær eBalnUv
bTza ²sBVavnþM³ esckþIza EdlmanstVsBVRKb´ KWEdlRbkb
KuNCatCaeRK]geZVIoEbøkÉNa kñúgbdismÖiTahñwgÉg za ²emtþa-
CaedIm .
edaystVRKb´GenøI . cMENkBaküza
bTza ²elakM³ KWstVelakTaMgGs´ .
ecetavimutþi ‘KuNCatCaeRK]grYccakbdiX;edaycitþKWemtþa’ pSay
²Rbkbedayemtþa³
edayminmancMENk edayGakar 5 emtþaecetavimutþi pSayeday
:nCaRBHmanRBHPaK
RTg´Rtas´ mþgeT[t kñúgkarpSayedaymincMeBaHnu@H eRBaHsMEdgnUv
mancMENk
briyaymanBaküza ²vibueln d*TUlay³ y¨agenHCaedIm . müa¨g
edayGakar 10 ‘1’ ³ dUecñHç
vijeT[t
tza s&BÞkþI «ti s&BÞkþI
RBHmanRBHPaK minRTg´Rtas´
ehIy mþgeT[t kñúgkarpSaymincMeBaHnu@H dUcCakñúgkarpSaycMeBaH
edayGakar
oEbøkenaHza
edayGMNacénBaküCaeRK]gRtas´Ezm .
²rEmgsMerc
emtþaecetavimutþi
pSayeTAkan´Tis
bNÐitKb|IRCabKuNCatCaeRK]geZVI dl´RBHeyaKI
Gñkmancitþdl´ehIy
nUvGb|na Etbu¨eNÑaHÉg³ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
‘GenaZiesaprNa 5’
eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBHGg<RTg´Rtas´ mþgeT[t za ²mancitþRbkbedayemtþa³ . mYyeT[t RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´BaküenH
7
k*bNþavimutþiTaMgBIrenaH 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
bNÐit Kb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi
PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 97 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
181
mankarpSayedaymincMeBaH edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 enH KW ‘1’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
Büa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . PUtTaMgLayTaMgBYg
cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMumanBüa:T
‘6’ mnusSTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T
‘7’
stVZøak´kñúgG:yTaMgLayTaMgBYg
cUrkMuomaneB[r
‘TisaprNa 10’ bNÐitKb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi
kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘5’ buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYg Edlelakrab´bJ©ÚlehIykñúg GtþPaB cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþI
manpSayeTAkan´Tis
edayGakar;TaMgLay 10 enH KW ‘1’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagekIt cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
sux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
‘2’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxaglic cUrkMuomaneB[r
‘OZiesaprNa 7’ bNÐitKb|IRCabemtþaecetavimutþi
manpSayedaycMeBaH
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘3’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxageCIg cUrkMuomaneB[r
edayGakar;TaMgLay 7 enH KW cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMumanBüa:T
‘2’ bursTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . RBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYg
cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘4’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagt|Úg cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
‘3’
‘5’ eTvtaTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
‘4’ buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T
®sþITaMgLayTaMgBYg
eB[r kMumanBüa:TkMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH.
kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
‘1’
RBhμviharnieTÞs
kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
‘2’ stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYg cUrkMuomaneB[r kMuman
‘3’
182
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘5’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisGaeKñy¾ cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMuman
Büa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘4’ buK<lminEmnCaRBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgcUrkMuoman
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘6’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisBay&Bü cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH .
visuTÆimK< ERb
183
‘7’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTis¤san cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘8’
stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg
kñúgTisnirtI
cUrkMuomaneB[r
kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . ‘9’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxageRkam cUrkMuoman eB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSaxøÜncuH . ‘10’ stVTaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxagelI cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSanUvxøÜncuH . stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
PUtTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
184
RBhμviharnieTÞs
mknUvs&BÞminoesssl´ . buK<lGñkCab´ehIy KW CMBak´ehIy edayq&ÞnraK; kñúgxnÆTaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm eQμaHza stV . sm dUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ za ²mñalraZ; esckþIeBjcitþNa esckþIeRtkGrNa
esckþIrIkrayNa
esckþIR:zñaNa
buK<lEdlCab´enA
kñúgesckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH
kñúgrUb
CMBak´enA
kñúg
esckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH ehtuenaH elakehAza stVç esckþI eBjcitþNa esckþIeRtkGrNa esckþIrIkrayNa esckþIR:zña Na kñúgevTnaÇÇÇkñúgsJ¦aÇÇÇkñúgsg¡arÇÇÇkñúgviJ¦aN buK<lEdlCab´ enAkñúgesckþIeBjcitþCaedImenaH
CMBak´enAkñúgesckþIeBjcitþCa
buK<lTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇBYkstVEdlelakrab´bJ©ÚlGtþPaBTaMg
edImenaH eRBaHehtuenaH elakehAza stV ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . Eteday
LayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ kñúgTisxagekItÇÇÇ BYk®sIþTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇburs
s&BÞEdleRbIedayedrdas evaharza ‘stV’ enH RbRBwtþeTA kñúg
TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanraK;eTAR:sehIypgEdr
RBHGriy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
Griy;TaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
BYkminEmnRBH
eTvtaTaMgLayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ
mnusSTaMg
.
dUcevahar
za pøitsøwketñat RbRBwtþeTAkñúgpøitd*viess EdlsMercGMBIbenÞaH
LayTaMgBYgÇÇÇ BYkvini:tik;TaMgBYg kñúgTisxagekIt cUrkMuoman
énb\sSI dUecñaH .
eB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUrrkSaxøÜncuH .
BicarNanUvesckþI k*RtUvkar za ²BaküzastVenH RKan´EtCaeQμaH
stVmanCIvitTaMgLayTaMgBYg
.l.
®sþITaMgLayTaMg
BYg .l. vini:tik;TaMgLayTaMgBYg kñúgTisxaglicÇÇ kñúgTis
cMENkxag GñkKitKUrGMBIGk¡r;TaMgLay min
bu¨eNÑaH³ . cMENkÉGacarüBYkNaR:zñanUvesckþI GacarüBYkenaH R:zñaesckþIza ²eQμaHza stV eRBaHRbkbedaykarCab´CMBak´³ .
xageCIgÇÇÇkñúgTisxagt|ÚgÇÇkñúgTisGaeKñy¾ÇÇÇkñúgTisxaglicÇÇÇkñúg
stVTaMgLay eQμaHzamanCIvit eRBaHPav;énstVmanxül´
TisxageCIgÇÇÇ kñúgTisnirtIÇÇÇ kñúgTisxageRkamÇÇÇ kñúgTisxagelI
degIØm GZib|ayza eRBaHkiriyaRbRBwtiþeTACab´mindac´kñúgxül´degIØm
cUrkMuomaneB[r kMumanBüa:T kMuomanTuk¡ manEtesckþIsux cUr
ecj nig xül´degIØmcUl .
rkSanUvxøÜncuH ³ . kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²seBV³ enaH CaBaküsMrab´RbmUl
eQμaHza BYkPUt eRBaHPav;énstVTaMgenaHCastVekItehIy 1- suÇ sMÇ xÇ
PaKTI 34 TMB&rTI 73 .
visuTÆimK< ERb GZib|ayza
eRBaHPav;énstVenaH
185
ekItRBmehIy
KWekItZMZat´
eLIgehIy . niiry;
186
RBhμviharnieTÞs
TaMgLaymanBaküza ²stþa :Na³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHRtwmEt Baküpøas´bþÚrEtbu¨eNÑaHç ebItamBiteTA cg´:nnUvBaküepSg> Et
elakehAza
buM
BYkstVNa
elbcUleTA
kñúg
müa¨g tamesckþIGZib|aypgEdrç mtirbs´GacarüTaMgenaH bNÐit
niry;EdlehAza bMu enaH eRBaHehtuenaH BYkstVenaH eQμaHza
eBalza ²pSayeTA edaymincMeBaH³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI
buK<lç GZib|ayza BYkstVenaH EtgeTA .
minKYrkan´yknUvesckþI edayRbkardUecñaH Kb|IpSayemtþa eday
ragkay elakehAza GtþPaB ßza xnÆTaMg 5 hñwgÉg elakehAzaGtþPaBç Baküza GtþPaBenH KWRKan´EtCaBakübJ¦tiþ eRBaHsMedAykxnÆR:MenaH tamsPav;ç stVTaMgLayEdlelak
mincMeBaH edayGMNacénGakar;NamYy kñúgGakar;TaMg 5 enH .
‘Gb|na 528’ k*kñúgbTmatikaTaMgn@uH matikaenH za ²seBV stþa Gevra
stVTaMgLay
ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 . matikaenH za ²GBüabCÄa
enaH eTIbeQμaHza GtþPavbriyabnñaç GZib|ayza ²sPav;TaMg
ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 . Baküaza ²GBüabCÄa³
LayEdlelakkMNt´ehIy
esckþIza EdlR:scakesckþIBüa:T . matikaenHza ²GnIXa
rab´bJ©ÚlehIy
kñúgGtþPaBenaH
eRBaHehtuenaH
eQμaHza
KWelakrab´bJ©ÚlehIy
ehanþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza CaGb|na 1 .
KWCab´cUlehIy BÆd*xagkñúg³ dUecñH .
bTza ²GnIXa³ KW min
k*Baküza ²BYkstV³ dUecñH y¨agNa sUm|IBaküd*ess
manTuk¡ . matikaza ²suxI GtþanM brihrnþú³ dUecñH eQμaHza Ca
TaMgLay k*y¨agdUecñaHEdrç BaküTaMgGs´enHhñwgÉg bNÐitKb|I
Gb|na 1 . eRBaHehtuenaH bNþabTTaMgenH bTNa> CabT
RCabza ²CaBaküpøas´bÚþr énstVTaMgGs´ eRBaHelIkeLIg eday
R:kd RBHeyaKIKb|IpSayemtþa edayGMNacénbTenaH> cuH . edayn&ydUcer[brab´mkenH Gb|na kñúgkarpSay eday
GMNacéns&BÞEdleRbIjwkjy³ . sUm|IBaküTaMgLaydéTza ²seBV CnþÚ seBV CIva³ dUecñH
mincMeBaH man 20 edayGMNacénGb|naTaMgLay 4 kñúgGakar;
CaedIm CaBaküpøas´bÚþrénstVTaMgGs´EtgmaneT[tk*BitEmnehIy
TaMgLay 5 . cMENk kñúgkarpSayedaycMeBaH manGb|na 28
ebITukCadUecñaHk*eday RBHmanRBHPaKRtas´za ²emtþa ecetavimutþi
edayGMNacénGb|naTaMgLay 4 kñúgGakar;TaMgLay 7 .
mankiriyapSayeTA
edaymincMeBaH
edayGakar;TaMgLay
5³
eRBaHkan´yknUvGakar;TaMg 5 enHÉg edayGMNacén‘Gakar;TaMg 5 enaH’ CaBaküR:kd .
ebIBYkGacarüNa minRtUvkardl´Bakü
k*kñúgGakar;TaMg 7 enaH bTza ²BYk®sþI BYkburs³ RBH manRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy edayGMNacénlig<ç bTza ²BYkRBH Griy; BYkminEmnRBHGriy;³ RTg´Rtas´edayGMNacénRBHGriy;
visuTÆimK< ERb
187
188
RBhμviharnieTÞs
nig buzuC¢nç bTza ²BYkeTvta BYkmnusS BYkvini:tik;³ RTg´
záÚr Bt´ ‘xøÜn’ bRmHnen[leTAmkCaTuk¡ y¨agNamijç buK<lGñk
Rtas´ehIy edayGMNacénkMeNItekItÉg .
cMerInemtþaecetavimutþi minP\ak´eLIg y¨agdUecñaHeT rEmgP\ak´eLIg Ca
cMENkkñúgkarpSayeTAkan´Tis Gb|na mandl´eTA 480 KW 200 eRBaHeZVInUvGb|naTaMgLay 20 > kñúgTismYynigmYy
sux KWminmanGakar;xusEbøk dUcp,aQUkEdlkMBugEtrIk dUecñaH . bTza ²minsubinGaRkk´³ esckþIza buK<lGñkcMerInemtþa-
edayGMNacénn&ymann&yza ²seBV burtæimay Tisay stþa³
ecetavimutþienaH
dUecñHCaedIm KW 280 eRBaHeZVInUvGb|naTaMgLay 28 > kñúgTis
Etmüa¨gbu¨eNÑaH hak´dUcCakMBugzVaybg<MRBHectiy dUcCakMBugeZVI
mYy nig mYy edayn&ymann&yza ²sBVa burtæimay Tisay
karbUCa nig dUcCakMBugsþab´RBHZm( . cMENkxag BYkbuK<ldéT
«tæieya³ dUecñHCaedIm .
eXIjnUvxøÜn
ebIrYbrYmeTA
Gb|naTaMgGs´hñwgÉg
RtUvCaGb|na
528
EdlRBHZmμesnabtI eBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa dUecñHÉg .
‘EkGtæemtþanisgS’ RBHeyaKavcrenH énGb|naNamYy
luHcMerInemtþaecetavimutþi
kñúgcMeNamGb|naTaMgenH
edayGMNac
dUc:nBN(namk
sUm|Iyl´subin
k*rEmgyl´eXIjsubinEdllÁ
hak´bIdUcCaRtUvBYkecarB&TÆcab´pg
hak´bIdUcCaRtUv
BYkRmwKsahavcUleTARbTUsþpg nig hak´bIdUcCakMBugZøak´cuHeTA kñúgeRCaHpg y¨agNamijç buK<lGñkcMerInnUvemtþaecetavimutþi min subinGaRkk´ y¨agdUecñaHeT . bTza
²CaTIRsLaj´énBYkmnusS³
cMerInemtþaecetavimutþienaH
esckþIza
rEmgCaTIRsLaj´
buK<lGñk
KWCaTIeBjcitþ
én
ehIyenH rEmg:nnUvGanisgS 11 y¨ag EdlRBHmanRBHPaK
mnusSTaMgLay hak´bIdUcCaEkvmukþasMrab´Bak´Rtg´RTUg nig hak´
RTg´Rtas´ehIy edayn&yza ²GñkcMerInemtþaecetavimutþi rEmgedk
bIdUcCap,akRmgsMrab´Rbdab´BÆd*k|al y¨agdUecñaH . bTza ²CaTIRsLaj´énBYkGmnusS³ esckþIza buK<lGñk
lk´RsYl³ dUecñHCaedIm . kñúgGanisgS 11 y¨agenaH bTza ²rEmgedklk´RsYl³ manesckþIza
CnTaMgLayd*ess
rEmgedklk´
bRmHnen[l
Rsmuk CaTuk¡ y¨agNamijç buK<lGñk:nemtþaecetavimutþi minedk lk´ y¨agenaHeT rEmgedklk´RsYl sUm|IcUldl´karlg´lk´ ehIy k*hak´bIdUcCacUlsmabtþiGIcwg . bTza ²P\ak´eLIgCasux³ esckþIza BYkCndéT P\ak´eLIg
cMerInemtþaecetavimutþienaH
rEmgCaTIRsLaj´
énmnusSTaMgLay
y¨agNamijç k*rEmgCaTIRsLaj´ énGmnusSTaMgLay k*y¨ag dUecñaHEdr eRb[bdUcCaRBHezr; eQμaH visax; .
‘er]gRBHvisaxetær’ :n»mkza RBHezr; eQμaHvisax;enaH :nCakudum¬Ik¾ enA kñúgTIRkug:dlIbuRt .
kudum¬Ik¾enaH
kalenA kñúgTIRkug:dlIbuRt
visuTÆimK< ERb
189
190
RBhμviharnieTÞs
enaHÉg :ndwgBt(manza ²»mkza tm¬bNÑTVIb RtUveKtak´Etg
visaxPikú¡enaH manvsSaRKb´ 5 ehIy eZVImatika 2 osÞat´ luH
ehIy edaykRmgp,akñúgectiy d*ruger]g edaysMBt´kasav; Gñk
bvrNaehIy k*er[nnUvkmμdðanCaTIsb|aydl´xøÜn eZVIExTaMgLay
Nak*eday GacedIm|IGg<úykþI edkkþI kúñgTIenaH CaTIEdlxøÜnRtUvkar
bYn kñúgvtþmYy> oCabYn> Ex enAbMeBjvtþRbtibtþi y¨agesμI .
ehIy> hñwgÉg esckþIsb|ayRKb´y¨ag KW ótusb|ay esnasnsb|ay buK<lsb|ay ZmμsSvnsb|ay KWeKrk:neday RsYl kñúgTIenaH .
kudum¬Ik¾enaH RbKl´KMnrePaK;rbs´xøÜn odl´
buRt nig Priya manEtmYykhabN;bu¨eNÑaHÉg EdlxøÜnevcRtg´ CaysMBt´ cakecjGMBIpÞH rgcaMnava Rtg´eqñrénsmuRT enAehIy Gs´mYyEx . KYroesáIcEmn eRBaHKat´CaGñkqøatkñúgevahar Kat´ TijPNÐ; Ek|rTVarenH ykeTAlk´Ek|rTVarÉenaH eTIbsEnSsnSM nUvRTBü:nmYyBan´khabN;
edayrvagmYyEx
Edlrg´caMnava
enaHÉg edaykarCYjERbEdlRbkbedayZm( . Kat´k*:nmkdl´ mhavihar edaylMdab´ehIyk*:nsUmpñÜs . Kat´RtUvBYkPikú¡naM ykeTAkan´sIma edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´karsagpñÜs :nTmøak´nUvzg´ R:k´mYyBan´khabN;enaH Rtg´TIkEnøgtamcenøaHRkvileLvç luH dl´BYkPikú¡sYrza ²mYyenHKWCaGVI/³ k*eqøIyTUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuN
luHdl´RBHezr;eQμaHvisax;
kalRbRBwtþy¨agenH
fitenA Rtg´cenøaHénéRB EsVgrknUvKuN rbs´xøÜn kalbnøW
k*:neBalesckþIenHza
GatμaGjóbsm|nñehIy
²drabtaMgEt
drabtaMgEtGatμaGj
mkehIykñúgTIenH esckþIPøaMgPøat´ kñúgcenøaH kñúg éRBenH minmaneT mñalGñkniT(uk¡TaMgLay man laPTaMgLayGVIemø¨HeT³ . RBHezr;enaH kaleTAkan´vtþeQμaHcitþlbB(t :neTAdl´pøÚvEbk Ca 2 ehIy QrKitza ²pøÚvenHßhñ@ ßk*pøÚvenH³ . RKaenaH eTvta EdlGaRs&yenAelIPñMrbs´elak k*laédcgÁúlR:b´za ²pøÚvnu@H³ . RBHezr;enaH enAelIcitþlbB(t Gs´ 4 Ex Kitza ²GatμaGjnwg eTA kñúgeBleT[bPøW³ ehIyk*siglk´eTA . eTvtaEdlGaRs&y
m©as´d*cMerIn KWkhabN;mYyBan´³ RtUvBYkPikú¡R:b´za ²Enó:sk
enAelIedImc&nÞn¾eTs elIk|alénTIc®g,m Gg<úyxSwkxSÜlehIyelI
cab´edImGMBIkalEdlGñkbYsehIy
edIm|Icayvay
kaMCeNþIr . RBHezr;sYrza ²GñkNan@uH/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²bBiRt
va:neT «LÚvenHÉg cUrGñkcayvayvacuH³ dUecñHehIy k*Rbkas
RBHKuNm©as´ x\úMeQμaHmNily;³ . RBHezr;sYrza ²GñkyMedIm|I
za
rbs´ó:sk
GñkN/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²eRBaHGaRs&ykarnimnþeTAénRBHKuN
eQμaHvisax;ehIy kMumanédTeT eTAvijeLIy³ dUecñHehIy k*:n
m©as´³ . RBHezr;sYrza ²kalGatμaenAkñúgTIenH etImanKuNdUc
Rsayerayray eT[beragsIma bYsehIy:nóbsm|TaehIy .
emþc dl´Gñk/³ . eTvtaeqøIyza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´ kalebIRBH
GñkminGac
²mnusSTaMgLayEdlmkkan´TIkEnøgsagpñÜs
visuTÆimK< ERb
191
192
RBhμviharnieTÞs
KuNm©as´enAkñúgTIenH BYkmnusS Etg:nnUvemtþadl´KñanwgKñaç kñúg
GZib|ayza ²ePøIgkþI zñaMBiskþI eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI júaMgkay rbs´
kal«LÚvenH BYkmnusSTaMgenaH kalebIRBHKuNm©as´ nimnþeTA
GñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenaH
ehIy nwgeZVInUvCMelaH nwgeBalnUvBaküEdlGaRkk´³ . RBHezr;
kñúger]génGñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgnUver]g
eBalza ²RbsinebI kalGatμa enAkñúgTIenH karenACasuxsb|ay
emeKapgk*:n .
okeRmIkmin:neT³
.
tYy¨ag
kñúg
:n»mkza emeKamYyk|alkMBugEtQrbgØÚrnUvTénTwkedaH
citþlbB(tenaHÉg Gs´ 4 Ex eT[t ehIyjúaMgcitþKitnwgeTA o
Rss´dl´kUneKa . RBanmñak´ Kitza ²Gjnwgsmøab´emeKaenaH³
ekIteLIg y¨agdUecñaHÉg mþgeT[t . ÉeTvta k*yMehIy eday
tMrg´edayédehIy k*BYylMEBgEdlmandgEvgeTA . lMEBgenaH
RbkardUecñaHmþgeT[tEdr . RBHezr; enAehIy kñúgcitþlbB(tenaH
eTAb¨HnUvsrIr;emeKaenaHehIy k*rbUteTAehIy dUcCasøwketñat .
dEdl edayó:yenH briniBVanehIy kñúgcitþlbB(tenaHÉg .
lMEBgenaH eTAputehIy eRBaHPav;énemeKaenaH CastVmanesckþI
Pikú¡Gk ñ mankiriyaenAedayemtþa rEmgCaTIRsLaj´ énGmnusSTaMg
RsLaj´d*mankMLaMg kñúgkUneKaEtbu¨eNÑaH minEmnedaykMLaMg én
Lay y¨agenHÉg .
óbcar; minEmnedaykMLaMgénGb|naeTç emtþa manGanuPaBeRcIn
Etgman
dl´GñkTaMgLayç
nu@HCakarEdllÁ³
ehIyk*enA
bTza ²eTvta EtgrkSa³ esckþIza BYkeTvta EtgEzrkSa
y¨agenHÉg . bTza ²buK<lenaH tMkl´citþenAnwgd*qab´rh&s³ esckþIza
dUcCamata nig bitaTaMgLay rkSanUvbuRt y¨agenaHÉg . bTza ²ePøIgkþI zñaMBiskþI eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI minb¨HBal´dl´ GñkEdlenAedayemtþaenaH³ esckþIza ePøIgkþI minrlak KWminb¨H Bal´ kñúgkay rbs´GñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþa dUcCaePøIg min
citþ
rbs´buK<lGñkenAedayemtþa
rEmgtaMgenAmaMqab´Pøamç
PaB
yWtyUr éncitþCasmaZienaH minman . bTza ²mansm|úrmuxRss´bs´³ esckþIza k*mux rbs´
rlakdl´ó:sikaeQμaHótþradUecñaHç zñaMBiskþI minrlak KWmincUl
buK<lGñkenAedayemtþaenaH
eTA kñúgkay rbs´GñkmankiriyaenAedayemtþa dUcCazñaMBis min
EdlrelHcakTg .
Camuxmansm|úrd*zøa
dUcCaEpøetñatTMu
cUleTA kñúgkay rbs´RBHcULsivetær GñkeBalKm¬IrsMyutþnikay
bTza ²minvegVgeZVImrNkal³esckþIza ZmμtaesckþIsøab´
dUecñaHç eRK]gs®sþavuZkþI minb¨HBal´ KWmincUleTA kñúgkay rbs´
edaykarvegVgvgVn´ minman dl´buK<lGñkenAedayemtþaeTç buK<l
GñkEdlmankiriyaenAedayemtþaenaH dUcCaeRK]gs®sþavuZ minb¨H
GñkenAedayemtþa minvegVgvgVn´eLIy eZVImrNkal dUcCabuK<l
Bal´ kñúgkay rbs´sMkic©sameNr y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
kMBugedklk´ y¨agenaHÉg .
manBakü
visuTÆimK< ERb
193
194
RBhμviharnieTÞs
bTza ²kalebIminTan´:nRtas´dwgnUvmK<pleT³ esckþI
Lay kMBugeZVIsMeLgzáÚr Kb|IjúaMgkruNa oRbRBwtþeTA muneKTaMg
za buK<lGñkenAedayemtþaenaH kalminGac edIm|IRtas´dwgnUvRBH
Gs´ za ²Ohñ@ stVenH dl´ehIynUvesckþIlM:k eZVIdUcemþceTAhñ@
Grhtþ d*x¬g´x¬s´ Cagemtþasmabtþi:neT luHcüútcakGtþPaBenH
stVenH Kb|IrYccakesckþITuk¡enH:n³ dUecñH eRBaHelak:neBal
rEmgcUleTAkan´RBhμelak dUcCalk´ehIyP\ak´eLIgy¨agdUecñaH .
ehIy kñúgviPg< za ²cuHPikú¡ mancitþRbkbedaykruNa pSayeTA
enHCakza y¨agBisþar kñúgemtþaPavna .
kan´Tis 1 sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc . buK<l eXIjnUvbuK<lmñak´ Ca
‘kruNaRBhμvihar’
GñkRkIRk dl´nUvesckþIlM:k ehIypSaykruNa y¨agNamijç
‘188’ cMENkxag RBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvkruNa Kb|IBicarNanUveTas
énkarminmankruNapg
nig
Pikú¡ pSaykruNa cMeBaHBYkstVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ .
nUvGanisgS
RBHeyaKI kalmin:n nUvbuK<lEdldl´ehIy nUvesckþI
énkruNapgehIy cab´epþImcMerInkruNaRBhμvihar . k*RBHeyaKI
lM:kenaHeT sUm|IbuK<lEdldl´ehIynUvesckþIsux EtCaGñkeZVI
kalcab´epþImcMerIn nUvkruNaenaH minRtUvcab´epþIm kñúgbuK<lEdl
nUvGMeBIGaRkk´
maneTasdl´Pavna manbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLaj´CaedIm muneT .
EdleKnwgsmøab´ Camun .
eRBaHza esckþIRsLaj´ EtgfitenAkñúgfan;CaTIRsLaj´hñwgÉgç
eRb[bdUcCaBYkraCburs cgnUvecarEdlxøÜncab´:nehIy RBmTaMg
buK<lCasMLaj´CaTIRsLaj´éRkeBk EtgfitenAkñúgfan;énbuK<l
RTBü tamRBHGaC\aénesþcza ²GñkTaMgLaycUrsmøab´nUvecarenaH³
CasMLaj´CaTIRsLaj´éRkeBkEmnBitç buK<lCakNþal Etgfit
dUecñHehIy onUvkarRbharTaMgLay nimitþrMBat´ 4 > naMeTAkan´
enAkñúgfan;CakNþalhñwgÉgç buK<lminCaTIRsLaj´ EtgfitenA
TIsMrab´smøab´ç BYkmnusS onUvxaTnIy;xøH ePaCnIy;xøH kRmg
kñúgfan;minCaTIRsLaj´EmnBitç buK<lCasRtUv EtgfitenA kñúg
p,axøH eRK]gRkGUbxøH eRK]glabxøH nig søamøÚxøH dl´ecarenaHç
fan;CasRtUvEmnBit. PaBénbuK<lGñkmanePTxusKña nig buK<l
ecarenaHkalTMBasuI nig eRbIR:s´nUvvtæúTaMgenaH hak´dUcCadl´
Edlsøab´ehIy minEmnCaextþEdn ‘EdlRtUvpSaykruNa’ eT .
ehIynUvesckþIsux EqÁts,b´s,l´ehIyedayePaK; edIreTA k*Bit
bu¨EnþebIRBHeyaKI
CaGñkEdlKYro
EmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaH GñkNamYy k*minsm<al´esaHnUvecar
GaNitGasUr manrUbragEbøk dl´nUvesckþIlM:kéRkElg CaGñk
enaH za ²Ohñ@ ecarenH dl´ehIynUvesckþIsux manePaK;eRcIn³
TUK(t
dUecñHeTç edayBiteTA CnEtgGaNit nUvecarenaH za ²ecarenHCa
eXIjnUvbursNamYyhñwgÉg
manrUbGaRkk´ CamnusSkMRBa kMbutédeCIg dak´GMEbgBImux
edkelIsalaKμanTIBwg manhVÚgdg,ÚvkMBugvarecj
tamédeCIgTaMg
1- GPiÇ viÇ
k*Kb|IpSaykruNa:nEdr
eRBaHeRb[bpÞwmnwgecar
sYrza ²eRb[bdUcemþc/ ³ .
PaKTI 82 TMB&rTI 315 .
eqøIyza
visuTÆimK< ERb
195
196
RBhμviharnieTÞs
mnusSKYroRseNaHGaNit nwgsøab´ kñúgkal«LÚvenH eRBaHza
za
ecarenH QannUvCMhanNak*eday rEmgmandl´esckþIsøab´ kñúg
k*bu¨Enþ eQμaHzaCaGñkdl´ehIy nUvesckþITuk¡edayBit eRBaHCaGñk
TICitbeg,IyedayCMhanenaH > ³ dUecñH y¨agNamijç sUm|IbuK<l
minknøgnUvvdþTuk¡:n³ dUecñHehIy Kb|IeZVIsImsemÖT kñúgCnTaMg
Gñkdl´ehIynUvesckþIsux
Kb|I
Lay 4 KW kñúgxøÜnÉg 1 kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´ 1 kñúgbuK<lCa
pSaykruNa:n y¨agenH za ²buK<lenH CaGñkrehmrham kñúg
kNþal 1 kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r 1 tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy
kal«LÚvenH CaGñkmanesckþIsux cat´EcglÁehIy eRbIR:s´nUv
enaHÉg ehIyesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcInnUvnimitþenaH Kb|IcMerInGb|na
ePaK;TaMgLay k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaHk*eday eK nwg
edayGMNacéntik,CÄan nig ctuk,CÄan tamn&yEdlelakeBal
TTYlTuk¡eTamnsS manRbmaNmintic kñúgG:yTaMgLay kñúg
ehIy kñúgemtþaPavna kMuxan .
k*Pikú¡GñkRbkbnUvkruNakmμdðan
kal«LÚvenH eRBaHkarminmanklüaNkmμ
²buK<lenH
sUm|IminmanesckþIvinascakjatiCaedImTaMgenaH
EdlxøÜn:neZVIehIy
EtkñúgGdðkzaénGg<útþrnikay RBHGdðkzacarü eBallMdab´
sUm|IedayTVarmYy kñúgcMeNamTVarTaMgbI³ dUecñH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdrç
enHza ²buK<lmaneB[r RBHeyaKIKb|IpSaykruNa muneK RtUveZVI
luHkruNakmμdðanikPikú¡enaH :npSaykruNacMeBaHbuK<lenaH y¨ag
citþoTn´
dUecñHehIy bnÞab´mk Kb|IjúaMgkruNa oRbRBwtþeTA tamlMdab´
buK<lTuK(t tmk obuK<lCaTIRsLaj´ tmk pSayoxøÜnÉg³
dUecñH KW kñúgbuK<lEdlCaTIRsLaj´ tmk kñúgbuK<lCakNþal
dUecñH .
tmk
CaedImeT . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IR:rBÆnUvPavna kñúg
kñúgbuK<lGñkmaneB[r
edayó:yenHÉg
.
k*RbsinebI
kñúgbuK<lmaneB[renaHehIy
Kb|IpSaykruNa
odl´
lMdab´enaH minsmtam:LI za ²TuK<tM TurUebtM³ dUecñH
esckþIzñaMgzñak´ kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r ekIteLIg dl´kruNakmμdðanik-
kruNakmμdðanenaH
Pik¡úenaH
kñúgkalmunk*eday
eZVInUvsImsemÖT ehIycMerInGb|na . bnÞab´GMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI
kruNakmμdðanikPikú¡enaH RtUvjúaMgesckþIzñaMgzñak´enaH osáb´rmáab´
Kb|IRCabGb|na eQμaHvikuBVnaenH za ²karpSay edaymincMeBaH
tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnahñwgÉg . mYyeT[t
edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 karpSayedaycMeBaH edayGakar;TaMg
kñúgkarpSaykruNaenH RBHeyaKI eXIjkþI »kþI sUm|InUvbuK<lEdl
Lay 7 karpSayeTAkan´Tis edayGakar;TaMgLay 10³ nig
eZVIesckþIlÁehIy mkCYbRbTH edayesckþIvinasNamYy bNþa
GanisSTaMgLay manGanisgS za ²edklk´RsYl³ dUecñHCaedIm
esckþIvinasTaMgLaymanvinascakjati vinaseRBaHeraK vinas
tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg .
tamn&yEdlelak:neBalehIy
cakRTBüCaedIm ehIypSaykruNa edayRbkarTaMgBYg y¨agenH
tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyenaHÉg
enHCakzaBisþar kñúgkruNaPavna .
ehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
197
‘muTitaRBhμvihar’
198
muTitaRBhμvihar
RBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmanesckþIsux kñúgGtItkal bu¨Enþ«LÚvenH
‘189’ RBHeyaKI sUm|IkalR:rBÆmuTitaPavna k*minKb|I
CaGñkTuK(t CaGñklM:kéRkeBkç RBHeyaKI Kb|IrMlwker]y> nUv
R:rBÆ kñúgbuK<lEdlmaneTasdl´PavnaTaMgLay manbuK<lCaTI
PaBénbuK<lenaHCaGñkdl´ehIy nUvesckþIsuxEdlknøgeTAehIy
RsLaj´CaedImmuneT
minEmn
enaHÉg ehIykan´yk nUvGakar;KWkarrIkraycitþ rbs´buK<lenaH
edayRtwmEtPaBCaTIRsLaj´
Ég za ²kñúgkalknøgeTAehIy buK<lenHCaGñkmanePaK;eRcIn Ca
CaehtuCaTItaMg
.
eRBaHza
énPaBCacitþTn´
buK<lCaTIRsLaj´
bu¨eNÑaHeT BMucaM:c´niyayzVI dl´buK<lCakNþal nig buK<lman
GñkmanbrivareRcIn
eB[r . PaBénbuK<lxusePTKña nig buK<leZVImrNkal minEmn
júaMgmuTita oekIteLIg .
CaextþEdn ‘EdlcMerInmuTita’ dUcKñaEdr . ÉbuK<lCasMLaj´CaTI
Gakar;KWkarrIkraycitþ rbs´buK<lenaH EdlCaGnaKtehIy júaMg
RsLaj´éRkeBk Kb|ICaehtuCaTItaMg:n . eRBaHza buK<lenaH
muTita oekIteLIg za ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH :nnUvsm|tþienaH
EdlRBHGdðkzacarü eBalehIykñúgGdðkza za ²buK<lCasMLaj´
mþgeT[t nwgRtac´eTA edayyanviessTaMgLay manelI-k dMrI
CaGñkelg³ dUecñH CaGñkrIkraysb|ayEmnBit esIcmunehIy
elIxñgesH nig elIGRgwgCavikarénmasCaedIm³ dUecñH . luHRBH
eTIbniyay
buK<lCa
eyaKIenaH júaMgmuTitacitþoekIteLIg kñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´ y¨ag
sMLaj´CaGñkelgenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IpSaymuTitamuneK . RBH
enHehIy bnÞab´mk RtUvjúaMgmuTitaoRbRBwtþeTA tamlMdab´ y¨ag
eyaKI eXIjkþI »kþI nUvbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´kþI nUvbuK<lEdldl´nUv
enH KWkñúgbuK<lCakNþal tmk kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r . EtRbsinebI
esckþIsuxkþI
Kb|IjúaMg
bdiX; kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r ekIteLIg dl´RBHeyaKIenaH tamn&y
muTita oekIteLIg za ²Ohñ@ stVenHrIkrayNas´etI Ohñ@ lÁEmn
EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉgç RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMg
Ohñ@ RbéBBitEmn³ dUecñH . EmnBit RBHZmμesnabtI GaRs&ynUv
bdiX;enaHosáb´rmáab´
GMNacénRbeyaCn¾enHÉg eTIbeBalehIykñúgviPg<za ²cuHPikú¡man
PavnaenaHÉg
citþRbkbedaymuTita pSayeTAkan´Tis 1 sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc
kñúgCnTaMgLay 4 KW kñúgbuK<lTaMgbIenHpg nig kñúgxøÜnÉgpg
KWbuK<leXIjbuK<lmñak´ CaTIRsLaj´CaTIeBjcitþ ehIyCaGñkrIk
ehIyesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH Kb|IcMerInGb|na eday
ray y¨agNa Pikú¡pSaymuTitacMeBaHstVTaMgBYg k*y¨agenaHEdr .
GMNacéntik,CÄan ‘kñúgctuk,n&y’ nig ctuk,CÄan ‘kñúgbJ©k,n&y’
RbsinebIbuK<lCasMLaj´CaGñkelg ß buK<lCaTIRsLaj´ rbs´
tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg . bnÞab´GMBIenaH
CaxageRkay
eRBaHehtuenaH
nUvbuK<lsþúksþmÖkþI
müa¨geT[t
EdlkMBugEtrIkray
CaGñkmancitþrIkrayCanic©³
dUecñHehIy
Kb|I
müa¨geT[t RBHeyaKIKb|Ikan´yk nUv
tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgemtþa
ehIyeZVInUvsImsemÖT
edayPaBCaGñkmancitþesμI
visuTÆimK< ERb
199
200
óebk¡aRBhμvihar
RBHeyaKI Kb|IRCabGb|na eQμaHvikuBVnaenH za ²karpSay eday
CaTIKab´citþk*minEmn
minCaTIKab´citþk*minEmn
Kb|ICaGñkRBegIy
mincMeBaH edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 karpSayedaycMeBaH eday
kenþIy y¨agNa Pikú¡pSayóebk¡a cMeBaHBYkstVTaMgBYg k*y¨ag
Gakar;TaMgLay 7 karpSayeTAkan´Tis edayGakar;TaMgLay
enaHEdr³ . eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI luHjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIg
10 ³ nig GanisSTaMgLay manGanisgS za ²edklk´RsYl³
kñúgbuK<lCakNþal tamn&yEdlelak:neBalehIy bnÞab´mk
dUecñHCaedIm tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg .
Kb|IjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIgkñúgbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´
bnÞab´mk
kñúg
enHCakzaBisþar kñúgmuTitaPavna .
buK<lCasMLaj´CaGñkelg bnÞab´mk kñúgbuK<lmaneB[r y¨agenH
‘óebk¡aRBhμvihar’
ehIy Kb|IeZVInUvsImsemÖT edayGMNacén‘kareZVIcitþ’CakNþal
‘190’ cMENkxagRBHeyaKI GñkmanR:zñaedIm|IR:rBÆ nUv
kñúgbuK<lTaMgBYg KW kñúgbuK<lTaMgLaybIenH EdleBalmkehIy
óebk¡aPavna CaGñk:nQanTI 3 nig TI 4 kñúgPavnaTaMgLay
pg kñúgxøÜnÉgpg ehIyKb|IesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH .
manemtþaPavnaCaedIm ecjcakttiyCÄanEdlsÞat´ehIy eXIj
kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenH ctutæCÄan rEmgekIteLIg tamn&y
nUveTas kñúgPavnaTaMgLayxagedIm eRBaHPav;énPavnaenaHRbkb
EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiNenaHÉg .
edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþ EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayesckþIRsLaj´ kñúg
sYrza ²cuHctutæCÄanenH rEmgekIteLIg dl´RBHeyaKavcr
stV edayGMNacénkarpSayza ²sUmstVTaMgBYg:ndl´esckþI
Edl:nnUvttiyCÄan EdlekIteLIgehIy kñúgkmμdðanTaMgLay
suxcuH³ dUecñHCaedImpg eRBaHCaPavnaEdlRtac´eTACitesckþIzñaMg
manbfvIksiNCaedImpgß / ³ .
zñak´ nig esckþIeRtkGrpg eRBaHCaPavnaEdleRKatRKat eRBaH
sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHPav;énctutæCÄanCaQan
RbkbedayesamnsSpg nig ‘eXIj’ nUvGanisgS kñúgóebk¡a
manGarmμN¾xusKña³ . k*bu¨EnþctutæCÄanenH rEmgekIteLIg dl´
edayPaBCaZm(d*lÁitpgç buK<lNataMgenACakNþal tamRbRktI
RBHeyaKIEdl:nnUvttiyCÄan EdlekIteLIgkñúgRBhμviharPavna
énbuK<lenaHç Kb|IRBegIycMeBaHbuK<lenaH ehIyjúaMgóebk¡a o
manemtþaCaedImbu¨eNÑaH
ekIteLIg tGMBIenaHmk Kb|IjúaMgóebk¡aoekIteLIg kñúgbuK<lTaMg
GarmμN¾esμIKña³ .
LaydéTeT[t manbuK<lCaTIRsLaj´CaedIm . smdUcCaelak eBalehIy
za
²cuHPikú¡mancitþRbkbedayóebk¡a
pSayeTAkan´
TismYy sRmanþenA etIdUcemþc / . KWbuK<leXIj nUvbuK<lmñak´
eqøIyza ²minekIteLIgeT³ .
eRBaHPav;énctutæCÄanenaH
CaQanman
bnÞab´GMBIenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabGb|na eQñaHzavikuBVna nig kar:nGanisgS tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgemtþaPavnaenaHÉg. enHCakzaBisþar kñúgóebk¡aPavna .
visuTÆimK< ERb
201
bNÐit
RCabnUvRBhμviharTaMgLayenH
EdlRBHRBhμútþmacarü RTg´sMEdgehIy y¨agenH Kb|IRCabbkiNÑkkzaenH kñúgRBhμviharTaMgLay
eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatienaH eQμaHza muTitaç müa¨gvijeT[t Bakü za ²muTita³ enaH KWRKan´EtCakiriyarIkraybu¨eNÑaH
eRBaHehtuenaH
KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza muTita .
nu@H edayéRkElgEzmeT[t .
KuNCatiNa EtgRBegIykenþIy edaykiriyalHbg´ nUv
‘vinicä&yedayesckþI’ k*bNÐitKb|IRCab edayesckþI kñúgemtþa kruNa muTita nig óebk¡aTaMgLayenH Camunsin . ZmμCatiNa RsLaj´ eRBaHehtuenaH ZmμCatienaH eQμaH za emtþaç GZib|ayza sñiTÆsñM .
RBhμviharnieTÞs
eQμaHza muTitaç mYyeT[t KuNCatienaH rIkray cMeBaHxøÜnÉg
bkiNÑkkza ‘191’
202
mYyeT[t karCitditn@uH man
kñúgmitþ ß ßza RbRBwtþeTAcMeBaHmitþ eRBaHehtuenaH karCitditn@uH eQμaHza emtþa . KuNCatiNa kalebIesckþITuk¡rbs´CndéTman eZVInUvkar QWqÁal dl´sb|úrsTaMgLay KuNCatienaH eQμaHzakruNa .
esckþIxVl´xVayCaedIm za ²stVTaMgLay cUrkMuomaneB[rnwgKña³ dUecñH
nig
edaykiriyacUleTAdl´
nUvPaBRBegIykenþIy
eRBaH
ehtuenaH KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza óebk¡a .
‘vinicä&yedaylk¡N;CaedIm’ bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y edayRbkardéTmanlk¡N; CaedIm kñúgRBhμviharTaMg 4 enaH ‘dUcteTAenH’ . emtþa mankiriyaRbRBwtiþeTA edayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾ ‘dl´ stVTaMgLay’ Calk¡N;ç mankiriyarYbrYmmknUvRbeyaCn¾Cakic©ç mankarkMcat´bg´nUvKMnMuCaplç mankiriyabgØaj nUvPaBénstVTaMg
mYyeT[t KuNCatiNa epÞr KWza eb[teb[n nUvesckþITuk¡rbs´Cn
LayCaTIKab´citþCaehtuCitç kiriyacUleTArmáab´Büa:T Casm|tþi
déT esckþIza júaMgesckþITuk¡rbs´CndéTovinaseTA eRBaHehtu
énemtþaenaHç kiriyaekItRBménesckþIesñha Cavibtþi énemtþaenaH .
enaH KuNCatienaH eQμaHzakruNa . müa¨gvijeT[t KuNCatiNa
kruNa mankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CaeRK]gkMcat´bg´
EdlsaZuCnTaMgLayEtgeZVI KWza latecj edayGMNacénkar
nUvesckþITuk¡ ‘rbs´stVTaMgLay’ Calk¡N;ç mankiriyaGt´RTaM
pSayeTA kñúgCnTaMgLayEdldl´ehIynUvesckþITuk¡ eRBaHehtu
min:nnUvesckþITuk¡ rbs´stVdéT Cakic©ç mankiriyamineb[teb[n
enaH KuNCatienaH eTIbeQμaHza kruNa .
Caplç mankiriyasMEdgnUvPaBminmanTIBwg énstVTaMgLayEdl
saZuCnTaMgLay
EtgrIkray
cMeBaHCnGñkRBmeRB[gKña
manesckþITuk¡RKbsg,t´ehIy CaehtuCitç kiriyarmáab´nUvkareb[t
edaysm|tþienaH edayKuNCatienaH eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatienaH
eb[n Casm|tþiénkruNaenaHç karekItRBm énesckþIesak Cavibtþi
visuTÆimK< ERb
203
énkruNaenaH . muTita
204
RBhμviharnieTÞs
eBalehIy za ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay eRBaHemtþaecetavimutþin@uH
mankiriyarIkrayTUeTA
Calk¡N;ç
mankiriyamin
CaeRK]grlas´ecjnUvBüa:Tç
b\sSaCakic©ç mankiriyakMcat´bg´nUvGrti Caplç mankiriyabgØaj
kruNaecetavimutþin@uH
nUvsm|tþiénstVTaMgLayCaehtuç
GavuesaTaMgLay
kiriyacUleTArmáab´nUvGrti
Ca
sm|tþiénmuTitaenaHç karekItRBm énsMeNIcCavibtþiénmuTitaenaH . óebk¡a mankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CakNþalkñúgstV TaMgLayCalk¡N;ç
mankiriyasMEdgnUvPaBesμIKña
nUvGrti
mñalGavuesaTaMgLay
CaeRK]grlas´ecjnUvkareb[teb[nç eRBaHmuTitaecetavimutþin@uH
‘KWesckþImineRtkGr’ç
eRBaH mñal
CaeRK]grlas´ecj
mñalGavuesaTaMgLay
eRBaH
óebk¡aecetavimutþin@uH CaeRK]grlas´ecjnUvraK; ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
‘sRtUvCitnigqáayrbs´RBhμvihar’
kñúgstVTaMg
LayCakic©ç mankarcUleTArmáab´nUvesckþIsÁb´nigesckþIRsLaj´
k*kñúgRBhμviharTaMgenaH sMrab´RBhμviharmYYy> mansRtUv
Caplç mankarsMEdgnUvPaBénstVCaGñkmankmμCarbs´xøÜn Edl
BIr > edayGMNacénsRtUvCit nig qáay . GZib|ayza raK; Ca
RbRBwtþeTAehIyy¨agenHza ²stVTaMgLaymankmμCarbs´xøÜn stV
sRtUvCit rbs´emtþaRBhμvihar
TaMgLayenaH nwgCaGñkdl´ehIynUvesckþIsuxkþI nwgrYccakTuk¡kþI
cMENkesμIKña kñúgkiriyabgØajnUvKuN dUcCasRtUvrbs´bursRtac´
nwgminvinas caksm|tþiEdlxøÜn:nehIykþI edayesckþIKab´citþ
eTAkñúgTICit raK;enaHEtg:nnUveTasCaeRK]gqøgcuH y¨agRsYl .
énkmμ³ dUecñH Caehtuç karcUleTArmáab´nUvesckþIsÁb´ nig esckþI
eRBaHehtuenaH emtþa RBHeyaKavcrRtUvrkSao:nlÁ GMBIraK;enaH
RsLaj´ Casm|tþiénóebk¡aenaHç karekItRBménkarRBegIykenþIy
Büa:T CasRtUvkñúgTIqáay ‘rbs´emtþa’ eRBaHPav;énemtþa nig
EdlKμanjaNEdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWtNØa Cavibtþi énóebk¡aenaH .
Büa:TmancMENkesμIKña nigminesμIKña dUcCasRtUvrbs´bursEdl
‘RbeyaCn¾énRBhμvihar’
GaRs&ynUvjats|aténéRBmanPñMCaedIm eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI
k*ÉesckþIsux EdlekItGMBIvibsSnakþI kardl´RBm eday
minRtUvP&yxøacGMBB I üa:TenaHeT
PBkþI CaRbeyaCn¾TUeTA énRBhμviharTaMgLay 4 enaHÉg . kar
buK<lnwgcMerInemtþapg
pþac´pþilnUvsRtUvmanBüa:TCaedIm CaRbeyaCn¾edayELk . Bit
dUecñaH
Emn bNþaRBhμviharTaMgenaH emtþa mankarpþac´pþilnUvBüa:TCa RbeyaCn¾ç RBhμviharTaMgLayeRkAenHmankarpþac´pþilnUvkareb[t eb[n karmineRtkGr nig raK;CaRbeyaCn¾ . smdUcRBHsarIbuRt
eRBaHPav;énemtþa nig raK; man
RtUvcMerInemtþacuH . tamZmμta
nwgeZVInUvesckþIeRkaZxwgpg
eRBaHehtu
ehtuenH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT . eTamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN mkehIy eday
n&ymann&y za
²buK<l kalmin:n kaleXIjc|as´ nUvkarmin
1- suÇ TIÇ :dÇ PaKTI 19 TMB&rTI 203 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
205
206
RBhμviharnieTÞs
:nnUvrUbEdlKb|IdwgedayEPñk CaTIR:zña CaTIeRtkGr CaTIKab´
eRBaHPav;énmuTita nig eKhsitesamnsS mancMENkesμIKña kñúg
citþ CateRmkéncitþ RbkbedayelakamiskþI kalrlwkeXIjnUv
karbgØajnUvsm|tþi cMENkesckþImineRtkGr‘Grti’CasRtUvqáay
rUbEdlxøÜnminZøab´:nkñúgkalmunkþI EdlknøgeTAehIy Edlrlt´
‘rbs´muTita’ eRBaHPav;énGrti mancMENkesμIKña nig minesμIKña
ehIy EdlERbRbYlkþI ehIyk*ekIteTamnsSeLIgç eTamnsSNa
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIt GMBIGrtienaHeT Kb|I
mansPaBdUecñH eTamnsSenaH tzaKtehAza eKhsiteTamnsS
cMerInmuTitacuH .
‘ eTamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞH KWkamKuN ’ ³
nwgGpSúk kñúgesnasn;d*sáat´ ß kñúgsmz; nig vibsSnapg
sRtUvkñúgTICit
rbs´kruNaRBhμvihar
dUecñHCaedIm
Ca
eRBaHkruNanigeKhsit-
eTamnsSmancMENkesμIKñakñúgkiriyabgØajnUvvibtþiç
tamZmμta RBHeyaKI nwgCaGñkrIkrayTUeTApg
eRBaHehtudUecñaH ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT .
kareb[teb[n
cMENkxag eKhsitGJ¦aNóebk¡a ‘óebk¡aminmanjaN
CasRtUvkñúgTIqáay ‘rbs´kruNa’ eRBaHPav;énvihwsamancMENk
EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN’ EdlmkehIy edayn&ymann&y
esμIKña nig minesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIt
za ²eRBaHeXIjnUvrUb edayckú¡ óebk¡a ‘PaBRBegIykenþIy’ rEmg
GMBIkareb[teb[nenaHeT Kb|IcMerInkruNacuH . tamZmμta buK<l
ekIteLIg dl´buzuC¢n Gñklág´exøA vegVgvgVn´ GñkmankielsRkas´
nwgeZVInUvkruNakþI nwgeb[teb[n ‘nUvstV’ edayeRK]gRbharTaMg
GñkminQñHnUvEdnKWelaP; GñkminQñHnUvvi:k GñkmineXIjeTas
Layman:tédCaedIm eRBaHehtudUecñaH ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCa
Gñkmin:nsþab´ç óebk¡a Na mansPaBEbbenH óebk¡aenaH min
TItaMgeT .
RbRBwtþknøgnUvrUb eRBaHehtuenaH óebk¡aenaH tzaKtRtas´ehAza
esamnsS EdlGaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN mkehIyeday
eKhsita ‘GaRs&ynUvpÞHKWkamKuN’³ dUecñHCaedIm CasRtUvd*Cit
n&ymann&yCaedIm za ²buK<lkalmin:n kaleXIjc|as´ nUv
rbs´óebk¡aRBhμvihar
karmin:nnUvrUbEdlKb|IdwgedayEPñk CaTIR:zña CaTIeRtkGr Ca
sitGJ¦aNóebk¡a
TIKab´citþ
BicarNanUveTas nig KuNç
CateRmkéncitþ
RbkbedayelakamiskþI
kalrlwk
eRBaHPav;énóebk¡aRBhμvihar nig eKh-
mancMENkesμIKña
edayGMNacénkiriyamin
esckþIzñaMgzñak´edayraK;
CasRtUv
eXIjnUvrUbEdlxøÜnminZøab´:n kñúgkalmunkþI EdlknøgeTAehIy
qáay ‘rbs´óebk¡a’ eRBaHraKb|diX;enaH mancMENkesμIKña nig
Edlrlt´ehIy
minesμIKña eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIminRtUvekatjejIteLIy GMBI
esamnsSNa
EdlERbRbYlkþI mansPaBdUecñH
ehIyk*ekItesamnsSeLIgç esamnsSenaH
tzaKtehAza
eKhsitesamnsS³ dUecñH CasRtUvkñúgTICitrbs´muTitaRBhμvihar
raKb|diX;enaH Kb|IcMerInóebk¡acuH . RBegIykenþIypg nwgrIkraypg
tamZmμta RBHeyaKI nwg
nwgb¨HTg<icpg eRBaHehtudUecñaH
visuTÆimK< ERb
207
ehtun@uH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT ‘1’ .
208
RBhμviharnieTÞs
eyaKIKb|IcMerIn dUcKñaenaHEdr . enHCalMdab´énkarcMerInGarmμN¾
‘xagedImçççnig karcMerInGarmμN¾énRBhμvihar’
kñúgRBhμviharPavnaenaH .
‘192’ k*RBhμviharTaMgGs´n@uH manktþúkamtaqnÞ; ‘esckþI
‘óebk¡aRBhμviharCaplénRBhμviharbIxagedIm’
eBjcitþkñúgPaBGñkcg´edIm|IeZVI’ CaxagedIm mankiriyasg,t´sg,in
mYyeT[t GarUbsmabtþiTaMgLay CaTIhUrecj énksiN
nUvnIvrN;CaedIm CakNþal manGb|na CaTIbMput edayGMNac
TaMgLayç envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; CaTIhUrecj énsmaZiTaMg
énbJ¦tiþZm( rab´za manstVmYy CaGarmμN¾ ß manstVd*eRcIn Ca
Layç plsmabtiþ CaTIhUrecjénvibsSnaç nieraZsmabtþi CaTI
GarmμN¾ . kalebIdl´óbcar; nig Gb|naehIy karcMerIn eday
hUrecj énsmz; nig vibsSna y¨agNamijç óebk¡aRBhμvihar
GamμN¾ eTIbekIt:n .
kñúgRBhμviharPavnaenH CaTIhUrecjénRBhμviharbIxagedIm k*y¨ag
kúñgkarcMerInedayGarmμN¾enaH enHKWCalMdab´ énkarcMerIn
dUecñaHEdr .
eRBaHdUcCa CagminTan´:ndaMnUvssrTaMgLay min
GarmμN¾‘dUcteTA’ . dUcCaGñkP¢ÜrEdlqøatkMNt´nUvTIEdlxøÜnKb|I
Tan´:nelIknUvZñwm nig epÞagehIy k*minGacedIm|Idak´nUvemdMbUl
P¢ÜrehIyeTIbP¢Ür y¨agNaç RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´ nUvGavasmYy Ca
nig bg,g´ BÆd*Gakas:neLIy y¨agNamijç ev[rcakttiyCÄan
dMbUgbgÁs´ ehIyKb|IcMerInemtþa kñúgstVTaMgLaykñúgGavasenaH
kñúgRBhμviharbIxagedImecjehIy RBHeyaKI k*minGacedIm|IcMerIn
edayn&ymann&yza ²stVTaMgLaykñúgGavasenHcUrkMuomaneB[r³
ctutæCÄan:n k*y¨agenaHEdr .
‘ehtuGIV:nCaehAzaRBhμvihar’
dUecñHCaedIm . RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIcitþoTn´ oKYrdl´Pavnakmμ kñúg GavasenaHehIy kMNt´GavasBIr . bnÞab´GMBIGavasenaH RBH
‘esckþIRtiHriH rbs´GacarüBYkxøH’ Kb|ImankñúgGZikarenHza
R:MbI
²k*eRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehA emtþa kruNa
R:MbYn db´ zñl´mYy Bak´kNþalRsuk RsukmYy CnbTmYy
muTita óebk¡aenaH za RBhμvihar /ç eRBaHehtuGVI:nCaRTg´Rtas´
GaNacRkmYy TismYy edaylMdab´ edayn&yenHehIy Kb|I
KuNCati manemtþaCaedImenaH za manbYn /ç
kMNt´rhUtdl´cRkvaLmYy . mYyeT[t RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInemtþa
RBhμviharTaMgLayn@uH/ç
cMeBaHstVTaMgLay
CaRTg´Rtas´RBhμviharTaMg4 enaH za Gb|mJ¦a dUecñHeTAvij/ ³ .
eyaKIKb|IkMNt´GavasBIr
bI
bYn
R:M
kñúgTITaMgLayenaH>
R:MmYy
R:MBIr
edayéRkElg
GMBI
cRkvaLenaHk*:n . RBhμviharTaMgLay mankruNaCaedIm k*RBH 1- suÇ mÇ óÇ PaKTI 28 TMB&rTI 306 .
cMENkkñúgRBHGPiZmμ
cuHGVICalMdab´ én eRBaHehtuGVI:n
x\úMnwgeBaledaHRsay ‘dUcteTAenH’ . dMbUg
bNÐitKb|IRCabPaBénRBhμvihar
kñúgKuNCatiman
visuTÆimK< ERb
209
210
RBhμviharnieTÞs
emtþaCaedImn@uH edayesckþIzaCaZm(d*RbesIr nig eRBaHPav;CaZ(m
eRcInedayesckþIeb[teb[nç muTita CapøÚvd*brisuTÆénbuK<lGñkeRcIn
minmaneTas . EmnBit RBhμviharZm(TaMgLayn@uH eQμaHzaCaZ(m
edayesckþImineRtkGrç óebk¡a CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ énbuK<lGñkeRcIn
CaeRK]genAd*RbesIrbMput eRBaHPav;énesckþIRbtibtþid*RbéB cMeBaH
edayteRmk eRBaHehtuNaç mYyeT[t kareZVITukkñúgcitþ cMeBaH
stVTaMgLayç mYyeT[t RBhμviharTaMgLay minmancitþCaeTas
stVTaMgLay k*man 4 RbkarhñwgÉg edayGMNacénkarRbmUl
enA y¨agNaç RBHeyaKITaMgLay GñkRbkbRBmedayRBhμvihar
mknUvRbeyaCn¾
TaMgLayn@uH
k*y¨agenaHEdr
eRtkGrnUvsm|tþi nig karmin:c´taMgcitþxVl´xVay eRBaHehtuNaç
eRBaHehtuenaH Zm(TaMgLay manemtþaCaedImenaH eTIbRBHd*man
BMuenaHesateT eRb[bdUcCamata CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña nUvkarcMrug
RBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za RBhμvihar edayesckþIza CaZm(d*RbesIr
cMerIn dl´kUntUc kñúgcMeNamkUnTaMg 4 BYk KW kUntUc kUnEdl
bMputpg eRBaHPav;CaZm( minmaneTaspg .
QW kUnEdleBjkMeLaH nig kUnEdlxVl´xVay kñúgkic©karrbs´
CaGñkenAesμI
edayRBhμ
EmnBit
cMENkBaküenH CaesckþIedaHRsay nUvbJØaEdlza ²k*
‘193’ bNÐitKb|IRCabKuNCati 4 manemtþa Ca
edIm edayGMNacénGakar;manpøÚvd*brisuTÆCaedIm Etza Kb|IRCablMdab´ énKuNCatimanemtþaCaedIm enaH edayGMNacénGakar; mankarKitRbeyaCn¾ CaedImç mYyeT[t KuNCatiTaMgLay manemtþa rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
RbmaNmin:n
kñúgGarmμN¾
eRBaHehtuNa
man
eRBaHehtuenaH
eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za Gb|mJ¦a . GZib|ayza kñúgPavnaTaMg 4 n@uH emtþa CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ én buK<lGñkeRcIn edayBüa:Tç
CaGñkmanesckþIR:zñaedIm|IkMcat´bg´nUvCmáW
dl´kUnEdlQW
CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña edIm|IkartaMgenAGs´kald*yUr énkardl´
eRBaHehtuGVI eTIbRtas´za man 4 ³ dUecñHCaedIm .
CaedImenaH
xøÜn
karkMcat´ecalnUvGMeBIEdlminCaRbeyaCn¾ kar
kruNa CapøÚvd*brisuTÆ énbuK<lGñk
RBmedayv&y xVl´xVay
dl´kUnEdleBjkMeLaHehIy
kñúgehtuÉNanImYy
CaGñkGs´esckþI
dl´kUnEdlxVl´xVay
kñúgkic©kar
rbs´xøÜn y¨agNamijç RBHeyaKI k*Kb|ICaGñkenA edayGb|mJ¦aZm(
edayGMNacénkarcMerInRBhμvihar
cMeBaHsBVstVTaMgLay ehtuenaH
Gb|mJ¦a
k*y¨agenaHEdr
eTIbman
4
4
manemtþaCaedIm
eRBaHehtuNaç
edayGMNacénkic©
eRBaH
manpøÚvd*
brisuTÆCaedIm CagRBhμvihar 4 enH . k*ÉRBHeyaKIGñkmanesckþIR:zñaedIm|IcMerInGb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 enHÉg
Kb|IRbtibtþi
cMeBaHstVTaMgLay
edayGMNacénkiriya
RbRBwtiþeTA edayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾ Camunsinç PavnaEdlman karRbRBwtþieTAedayGakar;CaRbeyaCn¾Calk¡N;hñwgÉg Caemtþaç
visuTÆimK< ERb
211
212
RBhμviharnieTÞs
bnÞab´GMBIenaHeTA RBHeyaKI:neXIjkþI :nsþab´kþI :nsresIrkþI
emtþaCaedIm kñúgTIEdlmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH sUm|Idl´stV 1³ y¨ag
‘:nRtiHriHkþI’ nUvPav;énstVTaMgLay EdlR:zñaRbeyaCn¾ y¨ag
dUecñHÉg . eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalehIy za ;
enHehIy RtUvesckþITuk¡RKbsg,t´ Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGMNac én kiriyaRbRBwtþieTA edayGakar;énkarkMcat´bg´ nUvesckþITuk¡ç Pavna EdlmankarRbRBwtiþeTA edIm|IkarkMcat´bg´ nUvesckþITuk¡Calk¡N; hñwgÉg CakruNaç bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKI :neXIjnUvsm|tþiénstV TaMgLayenaHEdlCaGñkR:zñanUvRbeyaCn¾ nig CaGñkR:zñanUvkar R:scakesckþITuk¡ y¨agenHehIy Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGMNacén karrIkraykñúgsm|tþi ‘rbs´stVTaMgenaH’ç Pavna ‘karcMerIn’ Edl mankarrIkrayTUeTACalk¡N;hñwgÉg CamuTitaç cMENkbnÞab´GMBI muTitaenaHmk RBHeyaKavcr Kb|IRbtibtþi edayGakar;CakNþal eBalKWPaBénxøÜnCaGñkmancitþRBegIykenþIyeRBaHminmankic©Edl xøÜnKb|IeZVIç PavnaEdlmankarRbRBwtþieTA edayGakar;CakNþal Calk¡N;hñwgÉg
Caóebk¡aç
eRBaHehtuenaH
bNÐit
Kb|IRCabKuNCati
4
manemtþaCaedIm
edayGMNacénGakar;manpøÚvd*brisuTÆCaedIm Etza Kb|IRCablMdab´ énKuNCati manemtþaCaedImenaH edayGMNacénGakar;
mankarKitRbeyaCn¾
Ca
edImç mYyeT[t KuNCatiTaMgLay manemtþa Ca edImenaH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾manRbmaN min:n eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbRBH manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za Gb|mJ¦a .
‘RBhμviharbIxagedImsMerc:nRtwmEtttiyCÄan’ ‘194’ Gb|mJ¦a 3 xagedIm kñúgcMeNamGb|mJ¦aTaMg4
bNÐitKb|IRCab
enaH Edlmanlk¡N;EtmYy eRBaHPav;énGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH man
lMdab´enH énGb|mJ¦aTaMgLayn@uH y¨agenH za ²RBHmanRBHPaK
RbmaNmin:n y¨agenH eTIbCaGb|mJ¦aRbRBwtþeTA kñúgQan 3
RTg´Rtas´emtþa Camun bnÞab´mk RTg´Rtas´kruNa muTita óebk¡a³
kñúgctuk,n&y nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan4 kñúgbJ©k,n&y bu¨eNÑaHÉg .
edayGMNacénGakar;manRbeyaCn¾CaedIm GMBI Gb|mJ¦a enH .
eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHmin:nR:scakesamnsS . k*karR:s
k*eRBaHza Gb|mJ¦aTaMgLayTaMgGs´enH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾
manRbmaNmin:nç
RbmaNmin:n RbRBwtþeTA
CaGarmμN¾
EmnBit
stVTaMgLay
énGb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uHç
PavnaTaMgenaH
edayGMNacénkarpSayeTATaMgmUlEtmþg
yknUvRbmaN
man
cakesamnsSmin:nEtgmandl´Gb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH eRBaHehtuGVI . eRBaHGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH
CaeRK]grlas´ecj
nUvGkuslZm(TaMg
Lay manBüa:TCaedIm EdlekIkGMBIeTamnsS . cMENkxag
minRbkan´
Gb|mJ¦axagcug CaGvessÉkCÄanik; ‘RbRBwtþeTA kñúgQanEt
y¨agenH za ²k*RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerInGb|mJ¦a man
mYy Edlesssl´ KWctutæCÄan kñúgctuk,n&y ß bJ©k,CÄan kñúg
visuTÆimK< ERb
213
214
RBhμviharnieTÞs
bJ©k,n&y’ . eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHRbkbedayóebk¡aevTna .
mYlbg,ac´nUvRBHmanRBHPaKeLIyç eRBaHza RBHBuTÆvcn; CaZm(d*
EmnBit óebk¡aRBhμvihar EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGakar;CakNþal
RCaleRCA
kñúgstVTaMgLay ev[rcakóebk¡aevTna RbRBwtþeTAmin:neLIy .
er[nnUvRBHBuTÆvcn;enaH edayesckþIGZib|ay . k*enHCaesckþI
cMENkbuK<lNa Kb|IeBaly¨agenHza; eRBaHRBHmanRBH
GñkKb|IcUleTAGg<úyCitGacarüTaMgLayehIy
GZib|ay kñúgRBHBuTÆvcn;enaH .
Kb|I
:n»mkza RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´
PaKRTg´Rtas´ edayminEbøkKña kñúgGb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 kñúgGdðkni:t
Rtas´tiHed[lPikú¡enaHEdlGaraZna oRBHGg<sMEdgRBHZm(eTsna
za ²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalenaH GñkKYrcMerInnUvsmaZienH EdlRbkb
za
edayvitk,; nig vicar;pg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi Edlminmanvitk,;pg
Zm(ÉNarbs´RBHd*manRBHPaKehIy CabuK<lmñak´Ég ec[secj
manEtvicar;bu¨eNÑaH KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi Edlminmanvitk,; minman
eTA minRbmaT manBüayamdutkMedAkiels mancitþbJ¢ÚneTAkan´
vicar;pg
KYrcMerIn
RBHniBVan sUmRBHd*manRBHPaKsMEdgnUvZm(enaH oTandl´x\úMRBH
nUvsmaZi EdlminmanbItipg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi EdlRbkbeday
Gg< edayseg¡b ‘1’ ³ dUecñH za ²y¨agenHÉg emaXbursBYkxøH
esckþIsb|aypg KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi EdlRbkbedayóebk¡a ‘1’
kñúgelakenH
pg³ dUecñH eRBaHehtuenaH Gb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 enaHÉg CaGb|mJ¦a
tzaKtsMEdgehIy
RbRBwtþeTAkñúgctuk,CÄan kñúgctuk,n&y ß RbRBwtþeTA kñúgbJ©k,CÄan
tambu¨eNÑaH³ dUecñH eRBaHehtuEdlPikú¡enaHsþab´nUvZm(rbs´tzaKt
kñúgbJ©k,n&y .
sUm|IkñúgkalmunehIy k*enAEtenAkñúgTIenaHdEdl minR:zñaedIm|I
KYrcMerInnUvsmaZi
EdlRbkbedaybItipg
²saZuRbéBehIy
bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn
x\úMRBHGg<:nsþab´nUv
RKan´EtGaraZnatzaKtEtbu¨eNÑaH
kalebIZm(Edl
k*RKan´EtsMKal´tzaKtzaCabuK<lKYrRbRBwtþ
buK<lenaHCabuK<lKWeKKb|IeBalza ²GñkkMuKb|IeBalBakü
eZVInUvsmNZm(eLIy eRBaHPikú¡enaH dl´RBmedayóbnisS&y én
y¨agenH dl´buK<lenaHeLIy eRBaHza kalebIy¨agdUecñH sUm|I
RBHGrhtþ eRBaHehtuenaH kalRTg´TUnμannUvPikú¡enaH eTIbRTg´Rtas´
vibsSnaTaMgLay
k*Kb|ICavibsSna
nwgPikú¡enaH mþgeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡ ehtudUecñaH kñúgsasnaenH Gñk
k*sUm|IkñúgvibsSna
Kb|IsikSay¨aenHza citþrbs´GatμaGj nwgtaMgenAkñúgsnþan taMg
TaMgLay manevTnanubsSnaCaedIm sUm|IbfmCÄan k*minmanEdrç
enAedaylÁ TaMgBYkGkuslZm(d*lamk k*minekIteLIg RKbsg,t´
mincaM:c´eBalzVIdl´QanTaMgLay manTutiyCÄanCaedImç eRBaH
citþ:neLIy dUecñHç mñalPikú¡ GñkKb|IsikSa y¨agdUecñHÉg³ . k*
ehtuenaH
mUlsmaZi RtwmEtPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy edayGMNacén
mankayanubsSnaCaedIm
EdlRbkbedayctuk,CÄan
nig
bJ©k,CÄanç
GñkkMu:nRbkan´ nUvRtwmEtRsemalénBüJ¢n;
1- suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 277 .
ehIy
1- suÇ GMÇ GÇ PaKTI 48 TMB&rTI 276 .
visuTÆimK< ERb citþEdlfitenAxagkñúg
215
KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy
216
RBhμviharnieTÞs
dl´Pikú¡
za nUvsmaZiRbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar;pg dUecñHCaedIm³ dUecñH
enaH edayRBHOvaTenH . bnÞab´GMBIenaH edIm|IsMEdgnUvRBHbMNg
ehIy kalRTg´sMEdgnUvRBhμvihard*essmankruNaCaedIm Edl
za ²Pikú¡enaH mindl´nUvesckþIeBjcitþ edaysmaZimanRbmaN
CaRbZan dl´Pikú¡enaH mþgeT[t za ²Pikú¡Kb|IeZVI nUvkarcMerInsmaZi
bu¨eNÑH Kb|IjúaMgsmaZienaHocMerIny¨agenH³ dUecñHehIy eTIbRTg´
edayGMNacénctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay
Rtas´nUvkarcMerIn‘smaZi’ edayGMNacénemtþa dl´Pikú¡enaH y¨ag
déT³ dUecñH eTIbRTg´Rtas´RBHtRmas´za ²mñalPikú¡ kúñgkalNa
enH za ²mñalPikú¡ kalNa citþrbs´Gñk taMgenAkñúgsnþan taMg
smaZienH CaKuNCati KWGñk:ncMerInehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy
enAlÁehIy
y¨agenHç
TaMgBYkGkuslZm(
sg,t´citþ:nç
d*lamk
mñalPikú¡ kalenaH
k*minekIteLIg
GñkKb|IsikSa
y¨agenH
RKb za
mñalPikú¡
kñúgkalenaH
GñkKb|IsikSa
y¨agenH
za
²ecetavimutþi RbkbedaykruNa CaKuNCati KWGatμaGj:ncMerIn
²ecetavimutþi Rbkbedayemtþa nwgCaKuNCati KWGatμaGj:ncMerIn
ehIy
ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy :neZVIodUcCayanehIy :ntMkl´
RTg´sMEdgnUvkarcMerInnUvctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan Edlmanemtþa
s)b´ehIy
:nR:rBÆlÁehIy³
CaedIm CaRbZan y¨agenHrYcehIy edIm|IRTg´sMEdgnUvsmaZiEdl
mñalPikú¡ GñkKb|IsikSa y¨agenHcuH ³ dUecñHehIy eTIbRTg´
manGnubsSna 4 mankayanubsSnaCaedIm CaRbZan eTIbRTg´
Rtas´bnþeT[t za ²mñalPikú¡ kalNa smaZienH KWGñk:ncMerIn
Rtas´nUvRBHtRmas´za ²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalNa smaZienH CaKuN
ehIy :neZVIoeRcInehIy y¨agenHç
CatiKWGñk:ncMerInehIy
dUecñHç
:nRbRBwtþer]y>
:nsnSMTuk
mñalPikú¡ kalenaH GñkKYr
cMerInnUvsmaZienHEdlRbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar;pg .l.
Gñk
KYrcMerInnUvsmaZienH EdlRbkbedayóebk¡apg³ dUecñH .
:neZVIoeRcInehIyÇÇdz
dUecñHCaedImç
luHRBHmanRBHPaK
:neZVIoeRcInehIyy¨agenHç
mñalPikú¡
kñúgkalenaH GñkKb|IsikSa y¨agenH za ²GatμaGj nwgCaGñkman kiriyaBicarNanUvkaykñúgkayenA³ dUecñHCaedIm eTIbRTg´júaMgPikú¡
bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIénRBHOvaTenaHza ; RBHmanRBHPaK
enaH osmaTannUvRBHZm(eTsna edayCakMBUlKWRBHGrhtþ za
luHRTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡ kúñgkalNa mUlsmaZienH CaKuN
²mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalNa smaZienH nwgCaKuNCati KWGñk:ncMerIn
Cati KWGñk:ncMerInehIy edayGMNacénemtþa y¨agenHç kúñgkal
ehIy nwg:ncMerInlÁehIyy¨agenH mñalPikú¡ kñúgkalenaH Gñk
enaH
edaysmaZimanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH
nwgeTA kñúgTINa> GñknwgenAsb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgQrenA
kaljúaMgmUlsmaZienH odl´nUvctutæCÄan nig bJ©k,CÄan kñúg
kñúgTINa> GñknwgQrenAsb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgGg<úy kñúg
GarmμN¾TaMgLaydéT ‘bnþeTAeT[t’ Kb|IcMerIn edayn&ymann&y
TINa>
GñkkMudl´nUvesckþIeRtkGr
GñknwgGg<úysb|ay kñúgTIenaH> GñknwgseRmckaredk
visuTÆimK< ERb
217
kñúgTINa> GñknwgseRmckaredksb|ay kñúgTIenaH>³ dUecñH .
218
RBhμviharnieTÞs
manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´Gb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH y¨agenH / ³ .
eqøIyza
eRBaHehtuenaH Gb|mJ¦a 3 manemtþaCaedIm bNÐitKb|I
²eRBaHGb|mJ¦aTaMgenaH CaóbnisS&yénviemak¡enaH>³ . EmnBit
RCabza ²Catik,CÄanika nig ctuk,CÄanika ‘KWRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan 3
stVTaMgLay rEmgCarbs´minbdikUl sMrab´RBHeyaKI Gñkman
kñúgctuk,n&y nigRbRBwtþeTAkñúgQan 4 kñúgbJ©k,n&y’ Etbu¨eNÑaH³ç
kiriyaenAedayemtþa . lMdab´enaH kalRBHeyaKI Gñkmankiriya
cMENkóebk¡abNÐitKb|IRCabza ²CaGvessÉkCÄanika‘KWRbRBwtþ
enAedayemtþaenaH
eTA kñúgQanEtmYyd*ess’ Etbu¨eNÑaH³ .
CaedIm EdlCaBN(d*brisuTÆ minbdikUl eRBaHkiriyazñwkedayvtæú
manemtþaCaedIm
k*Gb|mJ¦aTaMgLay
KWRBHd*manRBHPaKRTg´cMENkehIy
kñúgGPiZmμ
ÉeNaHdUcKñaEdr .
RbmUlnUvcitþ
kñúgBN(TaMgLaymanBN(ex[v
EdlminbdikUl citþ EtgsÞúHeTAkñúgvNÑksiNenaH edaymin:c´ RBYyeLIy . emtþaCaóbnisS&yénsuPviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:n
‘Gb|mJ¦amanGanuPaBepSgKña’ ‘195’ bNiÐtKb|IRCabza Gb|mJ¦aTaMg 4 enaH sUm|Ifit enAehIy eday 2 Epñk edayGMNacéntik,CÄan ß ctuk,CÄan 1
eBalmkenHÉg eRBaHehtuenaH
bnÞab´GMBIemtþaenaHmk
minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT
eTIb:nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK
RTg´Rtas´emtþaenaH
za ²mansuPviemak¡ y¨agéRkElg³ .
edayGMNacénGvessÉkCÄan1 dUc:neBalmkehIyenH man
sMrab´RBHeyaKIGñkmankiriyaenAedaykruNa GñkBicarNa
GanuPaBd*viess mindUcKña edayGMNacénviemak¡ mansuPviemak¡
eXIjc|as´
d*éRkElgCaedIm . EmnBit Gb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´
vayehIyedaydMbgCaedIm eTas kñúgrUb KWCaeTasEdldwgc|as´
sMEdg oviess kñúghliTÞvsnsURt edayGMNacviemak¡ man
ehIy eRBaHekItmankiriyaRbRBwtþieTAénkruNa . tmk eRBaHPav;
suPviemak¡ d*éRkElgCaedIm .
dUcCaRBHGg<RTg´Rtas´ za ²mñal
énrUbEdlxøÜndwgR:kdehIyzaCaeTas kalRBHeyaKIn@uH ebIknUv
Pikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt ehAemtþaecetavimutþi za mansuPviemak¡d*éRk
ksiNNamYy kñúgcMeNamksiN manbfvIksiNCaedImehIy
Elg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt ehAkruNaecetavimutþi za man
RbmUlmknUvcitþ kñúgGakasCaeRK]grlas´ecalnUvrUbç citþ Etg
GakasanJ©aytn; Cay¨agéRkElg mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKt
sÞúHeTA kñúgGakasenaH edaymin:c´RBYyeLIy . kruNa Ca
ehAmuTitaecetavimutþi za manviJ¦aNJ©aytn; Cay¨agéRkElg
óbnisS&y énGakasanJ©aytnviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:neBal
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKtehAóebk¡aecetavimutþi za manGakiJ©-
mkenH
J¦aytn; Cay¨agéRkElg³ . sYrza ²cuHeRBaHehtuGVI :nCaRBH
ehtuenaH
nUvesckþITuk¡rbs´stV
bnÞab´GMBIkruNaenaHeTA
manrUbsøaksñamEdlbuK<l
minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT
eRBaH
kruNaenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ za ²man
visuTÆimK< ERb
219
GakasanJ©aytnviemak¡ Cay¨agéRkElg³ .
220
RBhμviharnieTÞs
minman tambrmtæ RbRBwtþknøgnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn; EdlxøÜn:n
cMENkÉ citþ rbs´RBHeyaKI GñkmankiriyaenAedaymuTita
sMercehIyedaylMdab´ ehIyRbmUlmknUvcitþ kñúgkarminman én
GñkBicarNaeXIjc|as´ nUvviJ¦aN rbs´BYkstVEdlmanesckþI
viJ¦aNEdlCabrmtæ kñúgZmμCatEdlKμan edaysPav;ç citþ Etg
rIkrayekIteLIgehIy
edayehtuénesckþIrIkrayenaH>
rEmgCa
sÞúHeTA kñúgkarminmanénviJ¦aNenaH edaymin:c´RBYyeLIy .
citþR:kdc|as´ehIy
kñúgkarkan´yknUvviJ¦aN
eRBaHekItman
óebk¡a CaóbnisS&y énGakiJ©J¦aytnviemak¡ edayn&yEdl:n
kiriyaRbRBwtþieTAénmuTita . bnÞab´mk kalRBHeyaKIenaH RbRBwtþ
eBalmkehIyenH
knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn; EdlxøÜn:nsMercehIy edaylMdab´
eRBaHehtuenaH óebk¡a eTIbRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ za ²man
ehIyRbmUlmknUvcitþ
GakiJ©J¦aytnviemak¡ Cay¨agéRkElg³ edayRbkardUecñH .
kñúgviJ¦aN
Edlmannimitþ
KWGakasCa
GarmμN¾ç citþ ‘rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH’ EtgsÞúHeTA kñúgviJ¦aNenaH edaymin:c´RBYyeLIy. muTita CaóbnisS&yénviJ¦aNJ©aytn
bnÞab´GMBIóebk¡aenaH
minEmnCaóbnisS&yeTç
‘Gb|mJ¦aeZVIklüaNZm(obribUr’ bNÐitRCab
nUvGanuPaBénGb|mJ¦aTaMgn@uH
edayGMNac
bnÞab´GMBImuTitaenaHeTA
énviemak¡mansuPviemak¡d*éRkElgCaedIm y¨agenHehIy Kb|IRCab
minEmnCaóbnisS&yeT eRBaHehtuenaH muTitaenaH :nCaRBHman
nUvGb|mJ¦aTaMgGs´enaH mþgeT[t za ²CaKuNCati bMeBjnUvBYk
RBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²manviJ¦aNJ©aytnviemak¡y¨agéRkElg³ .
klüaNZm(RKb´y¨ag manTanCaedIm obribUr³ dUecñH . EmnBit
viemak¡
edayn&yEdl:neBalmkenHç
cMENk citþ rbs´RBHeyaKI GñkmankiriyaenAedayóebk¡a
RBHmhastVTaMgLay
CaGñkmancitþRbRBwtþeTAesμI
eRBaHPav;Ca
rEmgCacitþd*lM:k kñúgkiriyakan´yknUvZmμCatEdlminman eRBaH
GñkmanGZüaRs&yCaRbeyaCn¾ cMeBaHstVTaMgLaypg eRBaHPaB
Pav;CaGñkRBegIykenþIy kñúgkiriyakan´yknUvRbeyaCn¾ rbs´Gñk
CaGñkGt´RTaMmin:nnUvesckþITuk¡rbs´stVTaMgLaypg eRBaHPav;
déT mansux nig Tuk¡CaedIm
eRBaHminmanesckþIkgVl´ za ²stV
CaGñkmanesckþIR:zña edIm|IkarfitenA Gs´kalyUr cMeBaHsm|tþi
TaMgLaycUrCastVdl´ehIynUvesckþIsux ß ßza stVTaMgLay
viessrbs´stVTaMgLaypg nig eRBaHPaBminmankarZøak´cuHeTA
cUrrYccakTuk¡ mYyvijeT[t stVTaMgLaycUrkMuR:scakesckþIsux
kñúgbkSBYk kñúgsBVstVTaMgLaypg RTg´bMeBjnUv:rmITaMgLay
Edldl´RBmehIy³ dUecñH .
bnÞab´mk kalRBHeyaKIenaH man
y¨agenH KW ; ‘1’ RTg´oTan EdlCaehtuénesckþIsux cMeBaH
citþzñwk kñúgkiriyaRBegIykenþIy cMeBaHkarkan´yknUvRbeyaCn¾ én
sBVstVTaMgLay minRTg´eZVInUvkarEbgEck za ²KWGatμaGj KYro
buK<ldéT nig CaGñkmancitþlM:k kñúgkarkan´yknUvZmμCatEdl
dl´CnenH minKYrodl´CnenHeT³ dUecñHç ‘2’
RTg´lHbg´ nUvKMnMu
visuTÆimK< ERb
221
KMukYn cMeBaHtVTaMgLayenaH smaTannUvsIlç ‘3’ RTg´Kb´rknUv enk¡mμ edIm|IjúaMgsIloeBjbribUrç
CaRbeyaCn¾rbs´stVTaMgLayç ‘5’ RTg´R:rBÆnUvesckþIBüayam Canic© edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ nig esckþIsux dl´stVTaMgLayç ‘6’ mYyeT[t ebITukCadl´ehIynUvesckþIekø{vkøa edayGMNacesckþI Büayamd*x¬g´x¬s´ k*RTg´Gt´nUveTaskMhusmanRbkarepSg> dl´ stVTaMgLayEdrç
manRBHPaKRTg´sMEdgecjehIy bnÞab´BIRBhμvihar RBHeyaKIGñk R:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvGakasanJ©aytn; CadMbUg eXIjnUveTaskñúg krCrUb
edayGMNacéneTas
mankarkan´yknUvdMbgCaedImpg
énGaBaZTaMg 1ç000 maneraKkñúgEPñk nig Rtec[k CaedImenHpg eRBaH:LIza ²k*karkan´ykdMbg kan´yknUveRK]gs®sþa CMelaH karRbkan´xus nigkarTas´ETgKñaTaMgLay CaCMelaHdl´rUb rEmg
ehIy za ²eyIgnwgoTanenH dl´GñkTaMgLay nwgeZVInUvrbs´enH
R:kdEmnBit bu¨EnþeTasmankarkan´yknUvdMbgCaedImn@uH minman
dl´GñkTaMgLay³ dUecñH oeXø{gXøateLIyç ‘8’ RTg´CaGñkman
eLIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg kúñgGarUb|Qan RBHeyaKIenaHBicarNa
esckþIGZidðanminkeRmIk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ nig esckþIsux dl´stV
eXIj y¨agenHehIy CaGñkRbtibtþiedIm|IesckþIen]yNay edIm|I
TaMgLayenaHç ‘9’ RTg´CaGñkmankiriyaeZVImun edayemtþa mino
R:scakteRmk edIm|IrMlt´ nUvrUbTaMgLayEmnBit³ dUecñHehIy
eXø{gXøatcMeBaHstVTaMgenaHç ‘10’ EtminRTg´nwkR:zñanUvóbkar;
júaMgctutæCÄanoekIteLIgkñúgksiNNamYy kñúgcMeNamksiN
tbvij
rhUtdl´RTg´bMeBjnUvklüaNZ(m
9 manbfvIksiNCaedIm elIkElgEtGakasksiNEdlkMNt´
TaMgLayRKb´y¨ag epSgedayBlJ¦aN 10 evsarC¢J¦aN 4
ehIy edIm|IknøgnUvkrCrUbenaH . EmnBit krCrUb CaGarmμN¾
GsaZarNJ¦aN 6 nig BuTÆZm( 18 oeBjbribUr . Gb|mJ¦a
EdlRBHeyaKIenaHknøgehIy
TaMgLayn@uHÉg CaKuNCatibMeBj nUvklüaNZm(TaMgGs´ man
k*BitEmnehIy EtebITukCadUecñaH sUm|IksiNrUbk*mankrCrUbenaH
TanCaedImobribUr y¨agenHÉg .
CaeRK]geRb[beZ[bEdr eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI
dUecñH
minRTg´júaMgesckþIebþC\a
‘196’ cMENkÉ kñúgGrUbkmμdðanTaMgLay 4 EdlRBH
EdlxøÜneZVI
edayóebk¡a
‘7’
‘GakasanJ©aytn;’
‘4’ RTg´CRmHnUvbJ¦a opUr
pg´ edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´esckþIminvegVg kñúgRbeyaCn¾ nig minEmn
Garub|nieTÞs
222
edayGMNacénctutæCÄanCarU:vcr
briecäT TI9 eQμaH RBhμviharnieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna
enaH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|Iknøg nUvksiNrUbenaHÉg . sYrza ²knøg
kñúgbkrN¾viesseQμaHvisuTÆimK<Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy
edayRbkardUecñH / ³ . eqøIyza ²dUcCabursxøacBs´ RtUvBs´kñúg
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kiriyajúaMgsaZuCnorIkray ‘cb´ehIy’ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
éRBedjtam rt´eTAy¨agel]n eXIjnUvsøwketñatEdlviciRteday KMnUrkþI nUvvløikþI nUvExSkþI
BMuenaHesat nUvRkEhgénEpndIEdlEbk
visuTÆimK< ERb
223
RkEhgehIykþI kñúgTIEdlxøÜnrt´ehIy rwgrwtEtxøacrwgrwtEttk´søút CaGñkminR:zñaedIm|IeXIjvtæúenaHeLIy y¨agNamij . mYyeT[t eRb[bdUcCaburs enAkñúgRsukmYy CamYynwgbursmaneB[r GñkeZVI
224
Garub|nieTÞs mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IBN(naesckþIeRb[beZ[b manEq,Edl
RtUvRCUkéRBexVH nig bursEdlxøacexμacCaedIm kñúgkrCrUbn@uHcuH . RBHeyaKIenaH en]yNay cakksiNrUbEdlCaGarmμN¾
nUvesckþIvinas RtUvbursmaneB[renaH cUleTARbTUsþehIy eday
rbs´ctutæCÄanenaH
karsmøab´ karcab´cg nig kardutpÞHCaedIm eTAkan´RsukdéT edIm|I
eTA CaGñksÞat´CMnaj edayGakar;TaMgLay 5 ehIyecjcak
RbeyaCn¾dl´karrs´enA
sMeLg
ctutæCÄan CarU:vcr EdlsÞat´CMnajehIy eXIjnUveTas kñúg
nigkarehArkRbEhlKñanwgbursmaneB[r kñúgRsukenaHeT[t ehIy
QanenaH za ²ctutæCÄanenH eZVInUvrUb EdlGatμaGjen]yNay
k*rwgrwtEtxøac
CaGñkminR:zñacg´eXIjnUvburs
ehIy oCaGarmμN¾³ dUecñHpg za ²ctutæCÄanenH CasRtUv dl´
enaHesaHeLIy y¨agNamij . enHCaesckþIeRb[beZ[b nUvPaB
esamnsSd*Cit³ dUecñHpg za ²ctutæCÄanenH CaQaneRKatRKat
énesckþIeRb[bpÞwm kñúgkrCrUbenaH .
Cagviemak¡d*lÁit³ dUecñHpg .
k*eXIjnUvburs
rwgrwtEttk´søút
EdlmanrUb
y¨agenHehIy
CaGñkR:zñaedIm|Iec[secj
EmnBit kalCaTIRBmeRB[gedaykrCrUb edayGMNacén
k*kñúgGarUb|CÄann@uH minmanGg<EdleRKatRKateT . Emn
GarmμN¾ rbs´Pikú¡ dUcCakalEdlbursTaMgLayenaH RtUvBs´ ß
Bit ctutæCÄan CarU:vcrenH RbkbedayGg< 2 hñwgÉg y¨agNaç
RtUvbursmaneB[r cUleTARbTUsþehIy . kalEdlPikú¡ RbRBwtþ
sUm|IGarUbCÄanTaMgLay k*RbkbedayGg< 2 k*y¨agenaHEdr .
knøgnUvkrCrUb:n
edayGMNacénctutæCÄanCarU:vcr
dUcCakar
‘ebIkksiN’
EdlbursTaMgenaH rt´eTAy¨agel]n nig eTAkan´RsukdéTeT[t .
RBHeyaKIenaH luHeXIjnUveTas kñúgrU:vcrctutæCÄanenaH
Pav;énPikú¡kMNt´nUvksiNrUbhñwgÉgza ²ksiNrUbenHmancMENk
y¨agenHehIy RKbsg,t´nUvesckþIRsLaj´ eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGaka-
eRb[bedaykrCrUbEmnBit³ dUecñHehIy R:zñaedIm|IRbRBwtþknøg nUv
sanJ©aytn; edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit ehIypSayksiNeTA rhUt
ksiNrUbenaHÉg
eXIjnUvvtæú
dl´TIbMputéncRkvaL ß rhUtdl´TIEdlxøÜnR:zña ehIyeZVITukkñúg
EdlRsed[gBs´ mansøwketñatEdlviciRtehIy edayKMnUrCaedIm
citþnUvOkasEdlksiNrUbenaHpSayeTAdl´za ²Gakas³ dUecñHkþI
nig nUvbursCaGñkR:kdesμIedaybuK<lmaneB[r kñúgTIEdlxøÜnrt´
za ²Gakas KμanTIbMput³ dUecñHkþI eTIbebIknUvksiN:n . k*RBH
eTAehIy nig kñúgRsukmYy ehIyP&yxøac nig minR:zñaedIm|ICYb
eyaKI kalebIknUvksiN minmUr dUcCabuK<lmUrkenÞlEpgeT min
RbTHeLIy .
erIeLIg dUcCabuK<lelIkeLIg nUvnMGMBIGMEbgeT RKan´EtElgnwkna
dUcCaPav;énbursTaMgLayenaH
visuTÆimK< ERb
225
226
Garub|nieTÞs
ElgeZVITukkñúgcitþ ElgBicarNanUvksiNenaHbu¨eNÑaHç RBHeyaKI
EGbs)b´ kñúgksiNTaMgLaymanbfvIksiNCaedIm . EmnBit
kalminnwkna mineZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa Etza eZVITukkñúgcitþnUv
sUm|IkñúgGakasanJ©aytnQanenH Cv&nTaMgLaybI ß bYn kñúg
OkasEdlksiNrUbenaH Bal´RtUvehIy edayBit za ²Gakas
cMENkxagedIm Cakamavcr sm|yutþedayóebk¡aevTnahñwgÉg .
Gakas³ dUecñH eQμaHzaebIknUvksiN . sUm|IksiN kalRtUv
Cv&n TI 4 ß Cv&n TI 5 CaGrU:vcr .
RBHeyaKIebIk
eBalmkehIy kñúgbfvIksiNhñwgÉg .
k*minEmnrbUteLIg
minEmnx©at´x©ayeLIy
Ca
ZmμCatEdlGaRs&ynUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ dl´ksiNrUbenH nig eZVI
Baküd*ess mann&ydUc
‘esckþIepSgKñakñúgGakasanJ©aytn;’
Tukkñúgcitþ za ²Gakas Gakas³ dUecñH eTIbeQμaHza RtUv:nebIk
cMENkesckþIepSgKña dUcteTAenH . kalebIGrU:vcrcitþ
ehIyEtbu¨eNÑaH . karebIkksiNzaGakasbu¨eNÑaH EtgR:kd .
ekIteLIgehIy y¨agenHç Pikú¡enaH kalsMLwgemIlnUvmNÐl én
BaküTaMgGs´enH za ²karebIknUvksiNzaGakas³ dUecñHkþI
ksiN edayQanckú¡ kñúgkalmun enAehIyç kalebInimitþenaH
za ²GakasRtUvksiNBal´RtUvehIy³ dUecñHkþI za ²GakasEdl
RtUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþnUvbrikmμ za ²Gakas Gakas³ enH naMecj
sáat´cakksiN³ dUecñHkþI CaBaküEtmYyEmnBit .
ehIy edayrh&sç k*enAsMLwgemIlnUvGakashñwgÉg eRb[bdUc
‘óbcar;
CabursGñkcgnUvmat´NamYy kñúgcMeNammat´TaMgLay manmat´
nig
Gb|na’ nUvksiNuK¹adikasnimitþ
yan mat´BagtUc nig mat´qñaMgCaedIm edaykMNat´sMBt´B(N
enaH za ²Gakas Gakas³ dUecñH eQμaHza eZVIoeTACanimitþEdl
ex[v ß edaykMNat´sMBt´BN(ÉNamYy bNþaBN(TaMgLay
esckIþRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy
oeTACanimitþEdlesckþInwkRtiHriH
manBN(el]g BN(Rkhm nig BN(-s CaedIm ehIysMLwg
sÞÜyeLIgehIy . kalRBHeyaKIenaH BicarNaer]y> y¨agenH
emIlç kalebIkMNat´sMBt´ RtUvkMLaMgxül´ ß RtUvvtæúNanImYy
kaleZVIoeTACanimitþEdlesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy
naMykeTAehIy eQμaHza QrsMLwgemIlnUvGakashñwgÉg y¨ag
RBHeyaKIenaH
BicarNaer]y>
EdlesckþInwkRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIyç
oCanimitþ
nIvrNZm(TaMgLay
rEmg
dUecñaHÉg .
sáb´rmáab´:n sti rEmgtaMgenAs)b´ citþ k*rEmgtaMgenAmaM eday
k*Pikú¡enaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehAza ²cUleTAsMerc
óbcar;. RBHeyaKIenaHesB cMerIn eZVIoeRcInnUvnimitþenaHer]y>.
dl´GakasanJ©aytn; ehIyenA edayeZVITukkñúgcitþza ; Gakas
kalRBHeyaKavcrenaH BicarNa eZVITukkñúgcitþ er]y> y¨agenHç
Gakas dUecñH eRBaHknøgnUvrUbsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaH
GakasanJ©aytncitþ rEmgEGbs)b´ BÆd*Gakas dUcCarU:vcrcitþ
dl´nUvkartaMgenAmin:n énbdiXsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg eRBaH
visuTÆimK< ERb
227
228
Garub|nieTÞs bTza ²smtik,ma³ esckþIza eRBaHR:scakteRmk nig
mineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦a edayRbkarTaMgBYg ³ dUecñH .
‘EksBVesa’ kñúg:f;TaMgenaH bTza ²sBVesa³ KWedayGakarTaMgBYg. esckþIza ²TaMgGs´ ß minmanesss´³ .
eRBaHrlt´ . sYrza ²manGZib|aydUcemþc / ³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaH R:scakteRmk nig eRBaHrlt´ KWeRBaHehtuénkarR:scakraK; nig eRBaHehtuénkarrlt´ nUvrUbsJ¦a eBalKWQan 15 eday
‘EkrUbsJ¦anM’
GMNacénkusl vi:k nig kiriyaTaMgenaH nig nUvrUbsJ¦a eBal
bTza ²rUbsJ¦anM³ :ndl´nUvrU:vcrQanEdl:neBal
KWGarmμN¾ 9 TaMgenaH edayGMNacénksiN manbfvIksiN
ehIy edayRbZanKWsJ¦apg nig nUvGarmμN¾rbs´rU:vcrQan
CaedIm edayGakar;TaMgBYg ß minmanesssl´ eTIbcUleTA
enaHpg . EmnBitsUm|IrU:vcrQan k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´
sMercdl´GakasanJ©aytn;ehIyenA . eRBaHza RBHeyaKIEdl
za rUb ‘dUc’ kñúg:LITaMgLaymanCaGaTi¾za ²buK<l:nnUvrUbCÄan
manrUbsJ¦aminTan´:nknøgehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg k*minGac
rEmgeXIjnUvrUbTaMgLay
dUecñHç
edIm|IcUleTAsMercdl´GakasanJ©aytn;enaHehIyenA:neT³ .
sUm|IGarmμN¾ rbs´rU:vcrQanenaH k*RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´
karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvsJ¦a minmandl´RBHeyaKIGñkminTan´R:scak
za rUb ‘dUc’ kñúg:LITaMgLayza ²buK<lBYkxøH eXIjnUvBYkrUb
raK;ehIykñúgGarmμN¾ kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaH bu¨Enþ kalebI
xageRkA EdlmanBN(lÁ nig BN(GaRkk´ ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .
sJ¦aTaMgLayRbRBwtþknøgeTAehIyç GarmμN¾ k*CaZmμCatRbRBwtþ
‘1’ ‘mannIlksiNCaedIm’³
eRBaHehtuenaH kñúgTIenH BaküenHza ²esckþIsMKal´kñúgrUb
knøgeTAehIydUcKñaEdr eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBH
eQμaHza rUbsJ¦a³ dUecñH Kb|IRCabza CaeQμaH énrU:vcrQan
d*manRBHPaK minRTg´Rtas´ehIy nUvkarRbRBwtiþknøg nUvGarmμN¾
Edlelak:neBalehIyedayyksJ¦aCaRbZan y¨agenHÉg.
kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaHeT
rUb CasJ¦aénGarmμN¾enaH eRBaHehtuenaH GarmμN¾enaH eQμaHza
sJ¦abu¨eNÑaH kñúgviPg< y¨agenHza ²bNþasJ¦aTaMgenaH rUbsJ¦a
rUbsJ¦a . GZib|ayza ²rUb CaeQμaH énQanenaH³ . k*bNÐit
etIdUcemþc/
Kb|IRCabza BaküenaH CaeQμaH énGarmμN¾ énrU:vcrQanenaH
rbs´buK<lGñkcUlkan´rU:vcrsmabtþikþI
epSgedayksiN manbfvIksiNCaedIm y¨agenHÉg .
‘edayrU:vcrsmabtþi’
‘Eksmtik,ma’ 1–
2- suÇ mÇ mÇ
PaKTI 24 TMB&rTI 163-164 .
karsMKal´
RTg´Rtas´EtkarRbRBwtiþknøg
GakarsMKal´
kþI
PaBénkarsMKal´
nUv
Na
rbs´buK<lGñkRbkb
rbs´buK<lGñkenACasux
kñúgbc©úb|nñ
‘edayrU:vcrsmabtþi’kþIç enH ehAza rUbsJ¦aç buK<lCaGñkknøg RbRBwtþknøg Qanknøg nUvrUbsJ¦aTaMgenH eRBaHehtuenaH
eTIb
visuTÆimK< ERb
229
eBalza ²eRBaHknøgnUvrUbsJ¦a edaysBVRKb´ ‘1’ ³ .
230
Garub|nieTÞs
GñkcUlrU:vcrCÄan manbfmCÄanCaedIm eRBaHza kñúgsm&yenaH
bu¨Enþ ‘GrU:vcr’ smabtþiTaMgLayn@uH KWRBHeyaKIKb|I:n
citþ rEmgminRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNacénbJ©TVar k*BitEmnç kal
sMerc edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ mindUcCarU:vcrQanTaMg
ebImanRbkardUecñH kareBalnUvbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayn@uH kñúgGaka-
LaymanbfmCÄanCaedIm KWRBHeyaKIKb|I:nsMerc kñúgGarmμN¾
sanJ©aytnkzaenH bNÐitKb|IRCab edayGMNacénkareBal
EtmYybu¨eNÑaH eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH esckþIBN(naenH
sresIrnUvQanenH edIm|IjúaMgesckþIxμIXμatoekIteLIg kñúgQan
bNÐitKb|IRCabza
enH dUcCakareBalnUvsux nig Tuk¡ TaMgLay EdlRBHeyaKIlH
²KWelakeZVIehIy
edayGMNacénkarRbRBwtþi
knøgnUvGarmμN¾hñwgÉg³ .
bg´:nehIy kñúgQandéT kñúgctutæCÄan nig dUcCakareBal nUv
‘EkbdiXsJ¦anM Gtæg<ma’
TidðiTaMgLaymansk,ayTidðiCaedIm EdlRBHeyaKIlHbg´:nehIy
BIrbTza ²bdiXsJ¦anM Gtæg<ma³ esckþIza karsMKal´
kñúgmK<déT kñúgttiymK< . mYyeT[t sJ¦aTaMgLayenaH minman
EdlekIteLIgRBmehIy eRBaHkiriyab¨HnUvvtæúTaMgLay manckú¡ Ca
sUm|Idl´RBHeyaKIGñkcUlkan´rU:vcrCÄanehIy k*BitEmn EtebI
edIm nignUvGarmμN¾TaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm eQμaHzabdiXsJ¦a .
TukCadUecñaH sJ¦aTaMgLayenaH rEmgminman eRBaHPav;énsJ¦a
Baküza bdiXsJ¦an@uH CaeQμaH énsJ¦aTaMgLay manrUbsJ¦a
TaMgenaH KWRBHeyaKIlHbg´:nehIy k*eTEdr . eRBaHza karcMerIn
CaedIm . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²bNþasJ¦aTaMg
rU:vcrCÄan minRbRBwtþeTA edIm|IR:scakteRmkkñúgrUb . cMENk
enaH bdiXsJ¦a etIdUcemþc/ KW rUbsJ¦a sTÞsJ¦a KnÆsJ¦a
karRbRBwtþieTA énrU:vcrPavnaTaMgLayn@uH CaZmμCatidittamrUb .
rssJ¦a epadðBVsJ¦a sJ¦aTaMgenH ehAza bdiXsJ¦a ‘2’ ³ .
cMENk PavnaenH RbRBwtþeTA edIm|IR:scakraK;kñúgrUb . eRBaH
eRBaHdl´nUv
ehtuenaH nwgeBalza ²bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH KWRBHeyaKIlH
kartaMgenAmin:n KWeRBaHlHbg´ eRBaHminekIteLIgRBm GZib|ay
bg´:nehIy kñúgGarUbTI1 enH³ dUecñH k*KYr nig minEmnRtwmEt
za eRBaHeZVIminoRbRBwtþeTA énbdiXsJ¦aTaMg 10 enaH eday
eBalbu¨eNÑaHeLIy sUm|IRTRTg´esckþITuk y¨agenH edaycMENk
RbkarTaMgBYg
mYyhñwgÉg k*KYrEdr .
‘RBHeyaKIcUldl´GakasanJ©aytnCÄan’
dUecñHKW
bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay
5
Cakuslvi:k
bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay 5 CaGkuslvi:k . bdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH minman sUm|Idl´RBHeyaKavcr 1- 2- GPiÇ viÇ
PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 286 .
k*eRBaHbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH KWRBH
eyaKIlHminTan´:n kñúgQanmun GMBQ I anenHenaHÉg RBHman RBHPaKRtas´za ²sMeLg Cabnøa rbs´GñkcUlbfmCÄan ‘1’ ³ . 1- suÇ GMÇ TÇ PaTI 50 TMB&rTI 295 .
visuTÆimK< ERb cMENkkñúgGarUb|CÄanenH
231
GarUbsmabtíþTaMgLay
232
Garub|nieTÞs
RBHd*manRBH
sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl 11 sJ¦a CaGkuslvi:k 2 sJ¦a
PaKRTg´Rtas´zaCaKuNCatminjab´j&r nig CaKuNCatrYcRsLH
Cakamavcrkiriya 11 CasJ¦amanPaBepSg> KWmansPaBepSg>
ehIyedayesckþIsáb´
KWRBH
minesμIKñanwgKñaeT eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH sJ¦aTaMgenaH
eyaKIlHbg´:nehIy EmnBit . dUcGaLartabskalameKaRt
eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²nantþsJ¦a³ . eRBaHmineZVITuk
cUlGarUbsmabtþi min:neXIjreTHcMnYn 500 Edlqøgkat´eTA
kñúgcitþ KWeRBaHminnwkna eRBaHminTTUcnwk eRBaHminBicarNa nUv
ehIyenAEk|r > nig min»TaMgsMeLgreTHenaHeT[tpg dUecñHÉg .
nantþsJ¦aTaMgLayenaH
eRBaHPav;énbdiXsJ¦aTaMgenaH
‘EknantþsJ¦anM Gmnsikara’ BIrbTza
edayRbkarTaMgBYg
.
GZib|ayza
²RBHeyaKI minnwkna mineZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa nUvsJ¦aTaMg
²nantþsJ¦anM Gmnsikara³ esckþIza eRBaH
mineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsJ¦aTaMgLay EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾man
enaH eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH ‘RBHeyaKIenaH cUleTAsMerc QanenH ehIyenA’³ .
‘esckþIepSgén:f;’
PaBepSg> ß nUvsJ¦aTaMgLayEdlmansPaBepSg> . EmnBit sJ¦aTaMgenaH KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´EvkEjkehIy kñúgviPg<
mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IRCabza ; kñúgsJ¦aTaMgenaH rUbsJ¦a
y¨agenHza ²bNþasJ¦aTaMgenaH nantþsJ¦a etIdUcemþc/ esckþI
nig bdiXsJ¦a mankñúgkalmun rEmgminman sUm|IkñúgPB Edl
sMKal´
ekItehIy edayQanenHEmnBit caM:c´niyayzVI kñúgkalCaTI
GakarsMKal´
PaBénkarsMKal´
Na
rbs´buK<lGñk
min:ncUlkan´ ‘rUbsmabtþi’ CaGñkRBmeRB[g edaymenaZatukþI
cUleTAsMercnUvQanenH
CaGñkRBmeRB[gedaymenaviJ¦aNZatukþI
eRBaHehtuenaH
enHehAza
nantþsJ¦a
ehIyenA
eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK
kñúgPBenaH
eRBaHehtuNaç
RTg´Rtas´karminmanEmnBit
‘1’ ³ dUecñHç sJ¦a EdlRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´bMNgykehIy kñúg
énrUbsJ¦a nig bdiXsJ¦aTaMgenaH Ca 2 Epñk za ²eRBaHRbRBwtþ
TIenH CasJ¦ase®g<aHcUlkñúgmenaZatu ß menaviJ¦aNZatu énRBH
knøg eRBaHdl´nUvkartaMgenAmin:n³ dUecñH . bu¨EnþkñúgnantþsJa¦
eyaKIGñkmin:ncUlsmabtþi
kñúgGarmμN¾Edl
TaMgLay sJ¦aTaMgLay 27 enH KW? sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl
manPaBepSg> KWmansPaBepSg> EdlepSgKña edayrUb nig
8 sJ¦a Cakiriya 9 sJ¦a CaGkusl 10 rEmgman kñúgPB
sMeLgCaedIm eRBaHehtuNaç mYyeT[t sUm|IsJ¦aTaMg 44 enH
EdlekItehIy
y¨agenH
bNiÐtKb|IRCabza RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²eRBaHmineZVITuk
1- GPiÇ viÇ
rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
KW? sJ¦a Cakamavcrkusl 8 sJ¦a CaGkusl 12 PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 287 .
edayQanenH
eRBaHehtuNaç
eRBaHehtuenaH
kñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaH³ dUecñHÉg . EmnBitsUm|IkúñgPBenaH
visuTÆimK< ERb
233
234
Garub|nieTÞs
‘EkGakasanJ©aytnM’
RBHeyaKI kalcUleTAsMercnUvQanenH eQμaHza cUleTAsMerc
cMENkkñúg:f;enHza
ehIyenA eRBaHmineZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaHhñwgÉg .
²cUlkan´GakasanJ©aytn;sMerc
EtRBHeyaKI kaleZVITukkñúgcitþnUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgenaH eQμaHza Ca
«riyabz³ manGtævieRKaHza TIbMputénGakasenaH minman eRBaH
Gñkmin:ncUlQaneT .
ehtuenaH GakasenaH eQμaHza minmanTIbMput . Gakas minman TIbMput eQμaHzaGakasminmanTIbMput . GakasminmanTIbMputhñwg
‘esckþIedayseg¡b’ bu¨EnþbNÐitKb|IRCab esckþIGZib|ay edayseg¡b kúñgbT
Ég eQμaHzaGakasanJ©;‘GakasminmanTIbMput’ . GakasanJ©
TaMgenaH za ; RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ nUvkarlHnUvkamavcrZ(m
enaH
TaMgBYgTaMgLay edaybTenHza ²eRBaHRbRBwtþknøg nUvrUbsJ¦a
GaRs&y’
TaMgLay³ dUecñHç RTg´Rtas´karlH nig karmineZVITukkñúgcitþnUvcitþ
edaysm|yutþZm( dUcBaküza ²TICaTIenAéneTvtaTaMgLay³ dUecñH
nig ectsik EdlCakamavcrTaMgLayTaMgBYg edaybTenH za
eRBaHehtuenaH QanenaH eTIb:neQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn;
²eRBaHdl´nUvkartaMgenAmin:n énbdiXsJ¦aTaMgLay eRBaHmin
‘QanmanGakasminmanTIbMputCaTIenAGaRs&y’ . Baküza ²cUl
eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvnantþsJ¦aTaMgLay³ dUecñH .
kan´ÇÇÇenA³
‘EkGnenþa Gakaesa’
‘GakasminmanTIbMputenaH’ edayGtæza
esckþIza
eQμaHza
Gaytn;
CaTIenAGaRs&yénQanenH
RBHeyaKIenaH
‘CaTIenA
EdlRbkb
dl´nUvGakasanJ©aytn;
enaHehIy KWjúaMgGakasanJ©aytn;enaHosMercehIyenA eday
kñúg:f;za ²GakasminmanTIbMput³ enH manviniqä&ydUct
Zm(CaeRK]genA eday«riyabzd*smKYr dl´QanenaH .
eTAenH . TIbMputénkarekIteLIgkþI TIbMputénkarsabsUnüeTAkþI min
enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgGakasanJ©aytnkmμdðan .
manR:kd dl´GakasenaH eRBaHehtuenaH GakasenaH eQμaHza
‘viJ¦aNJ©aytn;’
minmanTIbMput . GakasCaTIebIknUvksiNelakehAzaGakas .
‘197’ cMENkÉRBHeyaKI GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvviJ¦aN-
mYyeT[t bNÐitKb|IRCabPav;énTIminmanTIbMput kñúgGakasenaH
J©aytn; Kb|ICaGñkmankarsÞat´RbRBwtþehIy kñúgGakasanJ©a-
edayGMNacénkareZVITukkñúgcitþk*:n . eRBaHehtudUecñHÉg :nCa
ytnsmabtþi
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy kñúgviPg< za ²Pikú¡tMkl´ taMgTuk
GakasanJ©aytn;za ²smabtþienH CasRtUvdl´GrU:vcrCÄan d*
nUvcitþ
Cit nig CaKuNCatd*lÁit dUcCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; k*eTEdr³ dUecñH
kñúgGakasenaH
pSayeTAkan´TIEdlminmanTIbMput
ehtuenaH eTIbeBalza GakasminmanTIbMput³ dUecñH .
eRBaH
ehIy
edayGakar;TaMgLay
5
eXIjnUveTas
kñúg
RKbsg,t´nUvesckþIeBjcitþ kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;enaH
visuTÆimK< ERb
235
236
Garub|nieTÞs
ehIy eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn; edayzaCaKuNCatd*lÁit
knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;³ enH manGZib|ayza sUm|IQan k*
Kb|IrMBwgemIlnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTA
pSayeTAkan´GakasenaH
eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza Gakasa-
ehIy Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNaCaer]y> za ²viJ¦aN viJ¦aN³
nJ©aytn; tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgkalmun . BitEmnehIy
dUecñHehIy Kb|IeZVIoCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy
sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza
o
CaZmμCat KWesckþIKitriHrk sÞÜyeLIgehIy .
²GakasminmanTIbMputpg GakasanJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;
bu¨Enþ minRtUveZVITukkñúgcitþza ²minmanTIbMput minmanTIbMput³
‘TIenAGaRs&y’
eRBaHGtæzaCaTIenAGaRs&y
dUcCa
eTvaytn;
dUecñHeT . kalRBHeyaKIenaHjúaMgcitþoRbRBwtþeTAer]y> kñúgnimitþ
‘TIenAGaRs&y’ rbs´BYkeTvta eRBaHGakasanJ©aytn;enaH Ca
enaH y¨agenHç nIvrN;TaMgLay k*rEmgsáb´rmáab´ sti EtgtaMg
GarmμN¾rbs´GarUbCÄan TI1 pg³ dUecñH tamn&ymunnu@HÉg . n&y
enAs)b´ citþ rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcar; . RBHeyaKIenaH esB
mYyeT[t GarmμN¾ eQμaHza GakasanJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaH
cMerIn eZVIoeRcIner]y> nUvnimitþenaH . kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨ag
za ²GakasanJ©;pg GakasanJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;‘CaTI
enH viJ¦aNJ©aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit ‘CaGb|na’ kñúgviJ¦aN
ekIt’ edayesckþIza CaTIkMeNIt dUcBaküza ²rdð kem¬aCa Ca
EdlpSayeTAkan´Gakas
Gaytn;‘CaTIkMeNIt’ énesHTaMgLay³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHGaka-
dUcCaGakasanJ©aytncitþ
EGbCit
sanJ©aytn;enaH CaTIedImkMeNIt rbs´QanenaHpg³ dUecñHxøH
kñúgGakas dUecñaHÉg . cMENkn&yénGb|na kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enH bNiÐtKb|I RCab tamn&yEdleBalehIy ‘kñúgGakasanJ©aytn;n@uH’ cuH .
k*:nEdr . eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enH RBHeyaKI RtUvRbRBwtþknøg TaMg 2 y¨agenaH KWTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ y¨agenHÉg edayeZVI
k*edayPavnanuRkm manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH RBHeyaKIenaH KW
minoRbRBwtþeTA nig edaymineZVITukkñúgcitþ bu¨eNÑaH eTIbcUlkan´
RBHmanRBHPaK Rtas´ehAza ²RbRBwtþknøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;
viJ¦aNJ©aytn;enHehIyseRmc«riyabz eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaH
edayRbkarTaMgBYg ehIyeZVITukkñúgcitþ za ²viJ¦aNminmanTIbMput³
ehtuenaH Baküza ²knøgnUvGakasanJ©aytn;³ enH bNÐitKb|I
dUecñHehIycUlkan´viJ¦aNJ©aytn; sMerc«riyabz³ dUecñHÉg .
RCabza ²elakeBalehIy eZVInUvQan nig GarmμN¾TaMg 2 y¨ag
‘EkGtækñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;’ kñúgbTTaMgenaH bTza ²edayRbkarTaMgBYg³ enHmann&y dUceyIg:neBalmkehIyhñwgÉg .
cMENkkñúgBaküza ²RbRBwtþ
enaH cUlCamYyKña³ dUecñH . Rtg´Baküza ²GnnþM viJ¦aNM³ GZib|ayza RBHeyaKIeZVITuk kñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþpSayeTA y¨agenHza Gakasminman
visuTÆimK< ERb
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238
Garub|nieTÞs
TIbMput dUecñHenaHÉg za ²viJ¦aN minmanTIbMput³ dUecñH . n&y
énQanenaH EdlRbkbRBmehIyedaysm|yutþZm( dUcBaküza
mYyeT[t
eTvsæan
viJ¦aNenaH
minmanTIbMput
edayGMNacénkareZVITuk
rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay
eRBaHehtuenaH
QanenaH
eTIb
kñúgcitþ . EmnBit RBHeyaKIenaH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþnUvviJ¦aNEdl
eQμaHza viJ¦aNJ©aytn; ‘Qan manviJ¦aN minmanTIbMput Ca
manGakasCaGarmμN¾enaH edayminmanesssl´ eQμaHza eZVI
TIenAGaRs&y’ . Baküd*ess mann&ydUcBN(na munhñwgÉg .
Tukkñúgcitþza ²viJ¦aNminmanTIbMput³ dUecñH . sUm|IBaküNaEdl
enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytnkmμdðan .
RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehIy kñúgviPg<za; Rtg´Baküza ²viJ¦aN
‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;’
minmanTIbMput³ KW Pikú¡ eZVITukkñúgcitþ cMeBaHGakasenaHpg Edl
‘198’
ÉRBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;
Bal´RtUvehIy edayviJ¦aN pSayeTAkan´TIminmanTIbMput eRBaH
Kb|ICaGñkmankarRbRBwtþisÞat´ kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytnsmabtþi eday
ehtuenaH eTIbeBalza ²viJ¦aN minmanTIbMput ‘1’³ dUecñHç bTza
Gakar;TaMgLay 5 ehIyeXIjnUveTas kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn; za
²viJ¦aeNn³ kñúgBaküenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabzaCa ttiyaviP&tþi ‘eRbI’ kñúgGtæ énTutiyaviP&tþi . eRBaHRBHGdðkzacarüTaMgLay BN(na nUvesckþIénbTenaH y¨agenHÉg . manGZib|ayza ²RBHeyaKI enaH pSayeTA KWeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvviJ¦aNEdlBal´RtUvnUvGakas enaHÉg EdlminmanTIbMput³ . cMENkkñúgbTmatikaza ²cUldl´viJ¦aNJ©aytn; sMerc «riyabz³ enH manGtævieRKaHza ²TIbMput énviJ¦aNenaH minman eRBaHehtuenaH viJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza minmanTIbMput .
viJ¦aN
minmanTIbMputenaHÉg eQμaHza GanJ©; . elakmin:neBal za ²viJ¦aN CaGanJ©; eQμaHza viJ¦aNanJ©;³ dUecñH ‘Et’ eBalza ²viJ¦aNJ©;³ dUecñHvij . enHÉg Cas&BÞpuseLIg kñúgGtæenH . viJ¦aNJ©;enaH eQμaHzaGaytn; edayesckþIzaCaTIenAGaRs&y 1- GPiÇ viÇ PaKTI 81
TMB&rTI 288 .
²smabtþienH mansRtUvKWGakasanJ©aytn;d*Cit nig minlÁit dUcCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;eT³dUecñHehIy RKbsg,t´nUvesckþIeBjcitþ kñúgviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGakiJ©J¦aytn; eday za CaZmμCatd*lÁit ehIyeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvkarminman nUvPaBesaH sUnü nUvGakar;EdlTeT énkardwgkñúgGakasanJ©aytn; Edl CaGarmμN¾énviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaHÉg . sYrza Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ y¨agdUcemþc / . eqøIyza minRtUveZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvviJ¦aNenaHeT Kb|InwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNa za ²minman minman³ ß za ²esaHsUnü esaHsUnü³ ß za ²sáat´ sáat´³ dUecñH er]y> Kb|IeZVI Tukkñúgcitþ oCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIgehIy oCaZmμCat KWesckþIriHKitsÞÜyeLIgehIy . kalRBHeyaKIenaH júaMgcitþo RbRBwtþeTAer]y> kñúgnimitþenaH y¨agenHç nIvrN;TaMgLayk*rEmg sáb´rmáab´ sti k*taMgenAs)b´ citþ rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcar; .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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240
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RBHeyaKIenaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIner]y> nUvnimitþenaH . kal
k*edayPavnanuRkmmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH RBHeyaKIenaH RBH
RBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenHç GakiJ©J¦aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit kñúg
manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehAza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;
PaBesaHsUnü PaBsáat´ ß PaBminman énmhK<tviJ¦aN Edl
edayRbkarTaMgBYg eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²minmanGVItictYceLIy³ cUl
RbRBwtþpSayeTAkan´GakasenaHÉg dUcCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; ‘citþ’
kan´GakiJ©J¦aytn; seRmc«riyabz³ dUecñH .
‘EkGtækñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn;’
EGbEnb kñúgmhK<tviJ¦aN EdlpSayeTAkan´Gakas . cMENkn&yénGb|na sUm|IkñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn;enH bNÐit
sUm|IkñúgTIenH Baküza ²sBVesa³ k*mann&ydUcBN(namk
Kb|IRCabtamn&yEdleBalehIyn@uHÉg . EtenHCan&yviess .
ehIyenaHEdr . k*kñúgbTza ²viJ¦aNJ©aytnM³ enHÉg :ndl´
EmnBit kalebIGb|nacitþenaH ekIteLIgehIyç Pikú¡enaH eXIjnUv
TaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ EdlCaviJ¦aNJ©aytn; mann&yEdl
viJ¦aN ‘esckþIdwgc|as´’ EdlRbRBwtþeTA BÆd*Gakas edayckú¡
eBalmkehIy kñúgkalmundUcKñaEdr . EmnBit sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*
KWviJ¦aNJ©aytnCÄan kñúgkalmunç kalebIesckþIdwgc|as´enaH
eQμaHza viJ¦aNJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza ²viJ¦aN minmanTI
rlt´:t´eTAehIyç edaykareZVITukkñúgcitþnUvbrikmμza ²minman min
bMputpg viJ¦aNJ©;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; edayesckþIza CaTI
man³ dUecñHCaedIm k*eXIjEtPaBminman eBalKWkiriyaeTAR:s
enAGaRs&y dUcBaküza eTvsæan ‘TIenAGaRs&y’ rbs´eTvtaTaMg
énesckþIdwgc|as´enaHEtbu¨eNÑaH seRmc«riyabz eRb[bdUcburs
Lay eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©;enaH CaGarmμN¾ rbs´GarUb|CÄan TIBIrpg³
eXIjnUvPikú¡sg¹EdlRbCMuKña edaykrNIykic©NamYy kñúgTITaMg
dUecñH tamn&ymunenaHÉg . n&ymYyEbbeT[t GarmμN¾k*eQμaHza
Lay
kñúgeBl
viJ¦aNJ©aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza ²viJ¦aNJ©;pg viJ¦NJ©;
eRkakeLIgehIy
enaH eQμaHza CaGaytn;edayesckþIzaCaTIkMeNIt dUcBaküza
ec[secjeTAç k*mkvij QrRtg´TVar emIlnUvTIenaHeT[t k*eXIj
Ednkem¬aCa CaGaytn; ‘KWTIkMeNIt’ rbs´esHTaMgLay dUecñH
EtPaBsUnü eXIjEtPaBsáat´QwgbueNÑaHç esckþInwkKit Ebb
CaedIm eRBaHviJ¦aNJ©;enaH CaehtuCaTIkMeNIt rbs´QanenaH
enH minman dl´bursenaH za ²søab´ehIy! BYkPikú¡ manRbmaN
dUcKñaEdr³ dUecñHk*:n . GakiJ©J¦aytn;enH KWRBHeyaKIRtUvknøg
bu¨eNÑH eZVIkalkiriyaehIy ß ec[secjeTA:t´Gs´ehIy³ dUecñH
TaMg 2 y¨agenaH KWTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ y¨agenH edaykarmin
ebItamBiteTA bursenaH eXIjnUvPaBminman za ²TIenHsUnü TIenH
eZVI ‘nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH’ oRbRBwtþeTApg edaykarmineZVITuk
sáat´Qwg³ Etbu¨eNÑaH y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
kñúgcitþ ‘nUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enaH’ pg bu¨eNÑaH eTIbcUleTAsMerc
manTImNÐlCaedIm
Edlcb´kic©RbCMuhñwgÉg
ehIyk*eTAkñúgTIÉNamYyç
kalebIPikú¡TaMgLay
visuTÆimK< ERb
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242
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sRmanþenA:n eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²RbRBwtþ
rlt´ k*minmanEdr³ .
knøgnUvviJ¦aNJ©aytn;³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²elakeBal
BaküenH CaeQμaH énkarR:scakénviJ¦aN kñúgGakasanJ©a-
rYmykQan nig GarmμN¾ TaMg 2 y¨agenaH cUlCamYyKña³ .
ytn; . GakiJ©J¦;enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; edayesckþIza CaTI
Baküza ²ntiæ
Pav; énGakiJ©n; eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦; .
kiJ©i³ n@uH manGZib|ayza eZVITukkñúgcitþ
enAGaRs&y énQanenaH dUcCaBaküza eTvsæan rbs´eTvtaTaMg
y¨agenH za ²minman minman³ za ²esaHsUnü esaHsnü³ za
Lay eRBaHehtuenaH QanenaH eTIbeQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn;
²sáat´ sáat´³ dUecñH . sUm|IBaküNa EdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´
‘QanmanPaBminmanénviJ¦aNGVItictYcCaTIenAGaRs&y’ . Bakü
Rtas´ehIy kñúgviPg< za ; Rtg´bTza ²vtæútictYc minman³ KW Pikú¡
d*ess k*manesckþIdUcBakümunenaHEdr .
eZVIviJ¦aNenaHÉgminoman eZVIoR:scakeTA eZVIo:t´viJ¦aN
enHCakzaedayBisþar kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytnkmμdðan .
enaHeTA rEmgeXIj za ²vtæútictYc minman³ eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb
‘envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;’
BaküenaH hak´dUcCa
‘199’ cMENkRBHeyaKavcr GñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerIn nUvenv-
elakeBalehIy nUvkarBicarNa edaykiriyaGs´eTA k*BitEmn
sJ¦anasJ¦aytn; Kb|ICaGñkmankarsÞat´RbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúg
ebITukCadUecñaH esckþIénBaküenaH bNÐitKb|Iyl´ dUc:neBal
GakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþi edayGakarTaMgLay 5 eXIjnUveTas
mkehIy y¨agenHÉg . eRBaHza kalRBHeyaKI minnwkrMBwg min
kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn; y¨agdUecñH za ²smabtþienH mansRtUv KW
eZVITukkñúgcitþ minBicarNa nUvviJ¦aNenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþEtPaBmin
viJ¦aNJ©aytn;d*Cit nig minlÁit dUcCaenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;
man PaBesaHsUnü PaBsáat´Qwg énviJ¦aNenaHEtmüa¨gbueNÑaH
eT³ dUecñH ß ‘eXIj’ za ²sJ¦a dUcCaeraKç sJ¦a dUcCabUsç
eTIbelakehAza eZVIminoman eZVIoR:scakeTA eZVIo:t´Gs´
sJ¦a dUcCakUnsrç ZmμCatnu@H lÁitç ZmμCatnu@H RbNItç ZmμCat
eTAç minEmn edayRbkar;déTeLIy³ dUecñH .
nu@HKWGVI/ ZmμCatnu@H KWenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;³ dUecñH nig ‘eXIj’
eBalza ²vtæútictYc minman ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
ÉkñúgBaküza ²cUlkan´GakiJ©J¦aytn; seRmc«riyabz³
nUvGanisgS kñúgKuNEdlx¬g´x¬s´ ‘kñúgGarUbCÄanTI4’ ehIyRKb
enH manvieRKaHza ²GVItictYc énviJ¦aNenaH minman eRBaHehtu
sg,t´nUvesckþIeBjcitþ kñúgGakiJ©J¦aytn; eRscehIy eZVITuk
enaH viJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza minmanGVItictYc³ . GZib|ayza ²GVI
kñúgcitþ nUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit Kb|Inwk
Edlesssl´ énviJ¦aNenaH edayTIbMputeTA sUm|IRtwmEtkar
rMBwgnUvGakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþiEdleZVIPaBminmanoCaGarmμN ¾
1- GPiÇ
viÇ PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 289 .
RbRBwtþeTAenaHÉg
Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ Kb|IBicarNa Caer]y> za
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Garub|nieTÞs
²lÁit lÁit³ dUecñH Kb|IeZVIoCaZmμCat KWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜyeLIg
Baküza eTvaytn; rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay eRBaHGakiJ©;enaH Ca
ehIy
kalRBH
GarmμN¾ rbs´GarUb|CÄan TI 3 pg³ dUecñH tamn&ymunenaHÉg .
eyaKIenaHjúaMgcitþoRbRBwtþeTA kñúgnimitþenaH Caer]y> y¨agenHç
mYyeT[t GarmμN¾ eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaHza
nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsáb´rmáab´ sti k*taMgenAs)b´ citþ k*rEmg
²GakiJ©; pg GakiJ©; enaH eQμaHza Gaytn; ‘TIkMeNIt’ eday
taMgenAmaM edayóbcar; . RBHeyaKIenaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn
esckþIza CaTIkMeNIt dUcCaBaküza ²rdð kem¬aCa CaGaytn; ‘KW
nUvnimitþenaH er]y> . kalRBHeyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenHç envsJ¦a-
TIkMeNIt’ rbs´esHTaMgLay³ dUecñHCaedIm eRBaHGakiJ©;enaHCa
nasJ¦aytncitþ rEmgEGbCit ‘CaGb|na’ kñúgxnÆTaMgLay 4
ehtuedImkMeNIt énQanenaHÉg pg³ dUecñH k*:n . envsJ¦a-
eBalKWGakiJ©J¦aytnsmabtþi dUcCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;‘citþ’ EGb
nasJ¦aytn;enH KWRBHeyaKI Kb|IknøgTaMg 2 y¨agenaH KWTaMg
Cit kñúgkareTAR:sénviJ¦aN dUecñaHÉg . cMENkn&yénGb|na
QanTaMgGarmμN¾y¨agenH edayeZVImino ‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH’
kñúgGZikarenH bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yEdleBalehIyenaHcuH .
RbRBwtþeTA nig edaykarmineZVITukkñúgcitþ ‘nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;’ Et
oCaZmμCat
KWesckþIriHKitsÞÜyeLIgehIy
.
KW
bu¨eNÑaH ehIyKb|IcUleTA seRmc«riyabz:n eRBaHehtuNaç
RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´ehAza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;
eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²RbRBwtþknøg nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;³ enH
edayRbkarTaMgBYg ehIycUlkan´envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; ehIy
bNÐitKb|IRCabza elakeBalehIy eRBaHrYmykTaMgQan nig
seRmc«riyabz³ dUecñH .
GarmμN¾ TaMg 2 y¨agnu@H cUlCamYyKña ³ dUecñH .
k*edayPavnanuRkmmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH
RBHeyaKIenaH
‘EkGtækñúgenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;’
cMENkkñúgbTza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnM³ enH GZib|ay
sUm|IkñúgTIenH bTza ²sBVesa³ enH k*mann&ydUceBal
za ²QanenH eQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; eRBaHman én
mkehIyhñwgÉg . sUm|IkñúgBaküza ²GakiJ©J¦aytnM smtik,ma³
sJ¦aNa sJ¦aenaH rEmgman dl´RBHeyaKI GñkRbtibtþiy¨ag
enH k*sMedAykTaMgQan TaMgGarmμN¾ EdlCaGakiJ©J¦aytn;
Na kñúgviPg< edIm|IsMEdgnUvesckþIRbtibtþirbs´RBHeyaKIenaH mun
tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉg . BitEmn
eTIbelakelIkeLIg za ²envsJ¦InasJI¦³ dUecñHehIy eBalza
ehIy sUm|IGarmμN¾ k*eQμaHza GakiJ©J¦aytn; eRBaHGtævieRKaH
²RBHeyaKIenaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaHÉg edayza
za ²GakiJ©; ‘viJ¦aN minmanGVItictYc’ pg GakiJ©;enaH eQμaHza
CaZm(lÁit cMerInsmabtþimansg¡arsl´enA eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb
Gaytn; ‘TIenAGaRs&y’ edayesckþIza CaTIenAGaRs&y
elakeBalza
dUcCa
²envsJ¦InasJ¦I³ .
kñúgBaküTaMgenaH
Baküza
visuTÆimK< ERb
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²eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayzaCaZm(lÁit³ enaH esckþIza eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUv
GacarüTaMgLay CaGñkqøatEmnETn eZVInUvsil|;y¨agenH «tman
GakiJ©aytn;enaH za ²Casmabtþid*lÁit³ eRBaHmanGarmμN¾d*lÁit
Tas´eLIy³ dUecñH EtRBHraCtRmiH y¨agdUecñH za ²Ohñ@ GatμaGj
y¨agenHza ²smabtþienH lÁitGVIemø¨HeThñ@! emIlcuH smabtþiNaeTA
lHbg´raCsm|tþi
nwgeZVIsUm|InUvPaBminmanoCaGarmμN¾ ehIytaMgenA:n³ dUecñH .
dl´RBHraCaenaHeT . enaHeRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHsirIraCsm|tþiman
ebImanBaküsYrza ²RBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayzaCaZ(m
KuNeRcInCag . RBHGg<RTg´knøg nUvCagsil|;TaMgLayehIy k*
d*lÁit esckþIRbRBwtþiknøg Etgman y¨agdUcemþc/³ . Kb|IeqøIyza
esþcyageTAbu¨eNÑaHÉg y¨agNamijç ÉxagRBHeyaKIenH k*y¨ag
²esckþIRbRBwtþiknøg Etgman eRBaHPav;énRBHeyaKIenaH CaGñkmin
dUecñaHEdr eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsmabtþienaH edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit k*Bit
R:zñaedIm|InwgcUl ‘GakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH’³ . EmnBit RBHeyaKI
EmnehIy ebITukCadUecñaH karnwkKit karrYbrYmcitþ kareZVITukkñúgcitþ
enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH edayzaCaZm(lÁit k*
za ²GatμaGjnwgrMBwgKit GatμaGjnwgcUl GatμaGjnwgGZidðan
BitEmnehIy ebITukCadUecñaH karnwkKit karrYbrYmcitþ kareZVITukkñúg
GatμaGjnwgecj GatμaGjnwgBicarNa nUvsmabtþinu@H³ dUecñHenH
citþ za ²GatμaGj nwgrMBwgKit GatμaGj nwgcUl GatμaGj nwg
minmaneLIydl´RBHeyaKIenaH . RBHeyaKIenaH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ
GZidðan GatμaGjnwgecj GatμaGjnwgBicarNa nUvsmabtþin@uH³ dUecñHenH minmandl´RBHeyaKIenaHeT . sYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHPav;énenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; lÁitCag RbNIt CagGakiJ©J¦aytn;³ . eRb[bóbmadUcCaRBHraCa RTg´Kg´elI-k dMrId*RbesIr esþcyageTAelIzñl´ kñúgRBHnKr edayRBHraCanuPaB d*eRcIn RTg´TtRBHenRteXIj nUvCagGñkmansil|;TaMgLay man Cagqøak´PøúkCaedIm kMBugEtesø{ksMBt´mYy y¨agENnehIy yk sMBt´mYyCYtk|al manxøÜnRbLak´RbLÚs edaykMeTcTaMgLay mankMeTcPøúkCaedIm ehIyeZVInUvsil|;TaMgLayCaeRcIn manrcna PøúkeZVICarUbepSg> CaedIm ehIyRTg´eBjRBHT&y kñúgesckþIeqø{v qøatrbs´CagTaMgenaH edayRtas´bJ¢ay¨agenHza ²EnevIuy! Ohñ@!
nUvsmabtþienaH
ehIyeZVICaCagsil|;EbbenH³
edayzaCaZm(d*lÁit
dUecñH
minman
tamn&ydUc:neBalehIy
kñúgkalmunhñwgÉg eTIb:ndl´nUvsJ¦a Edldl´nUvGb|nad*lÁit suxuméRkElgenaH CasJ¦aEdlCaehtuo:neQμaHza envsJ¦InasJ¦I elakehAza ²cMerInnUvsmabtþi mansg¡arsl´enA ³ . Baküza
²sg¡aravesssmabtþw³ KW GarUb|smabtþi 4
Edlmansg¡ardl´nUvPaBsuxuméRkElg . ‘200’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH QanenHÉNa EdlelakehAza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;³ dUecñH edayGMNacénsJ¦a EdlRBH eyaKI:nseRmcy¨agenH edIm|IsMEdgnUvQanenaH edayesckþI eTIbRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ; Rtg´bTza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦a-
ytnM³ :ndl´ BYkZm( KW citþ nig ectsik rbs´buK<lGñkcUl
visuTÆimK< ERb kan´envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄankþI envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’ kþI
247
rbs´buK<lGñkRbkb
‘eday
rbs´buK<lGñkenACasux
kñúg
bc©úb|nñ ‘edayenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’kþI ‘1’ ³ dUecñH . kñúg buK<lTaMg 3 BYkenaH BYkZm( KWcitþ nig ectsik rbs´buK<lGñk cUlkan´
‘envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan’
elakGZib|ayehIy
248
Garub|nieTÞs
envsJ¦anasJ¦apg envsJ¦anasJ¦aenaH eQμaHza Gaytn; eRBaHesckþIza
CaTIenAGaRs&y
rbs´Zm(
d*essTaMgLaypg
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; . k*kñúgGarUb|CÄan TI4 enH sJ¦a R:kddUecñH Etmüa¨g k*min EmnEdr .
tamBiteTA sUm|IevTna CaevTnak*minEmn minEmnCa
evTnak*minEmnç sUm|Icitþ Cacitþk*minEmn minEmnCacitþk*minEmnç
kñúgGZikarenH . ÉesckþIénBakü kñúgBaküza ²envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnM³ nu@H
sUm|IpsS; CapsS; k*minEmn minEmnCapsS; k*minEmn . kñúg
bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²QanenaH EdlRbkbRBmedaysm|yutþZ(m
sm|yutþZm( d*essTaMgLay k*n&yenHEdr .
eQμaHza
edayBit
enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´eZVIehIy edayelIk
eRBaHminmansJ¦ad*eRKatRKat nig eRBaHmanEtsJ¦ad*lÁit eRBaH
yksJ¦aCaRbZan³ . mYyeT[t esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IBRgIk o
ehtuenaH QanenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦; ‘Qanmin
viess edayóbmaTaMgLay taMgGMBIer]geRbglab:Rt dUecñH .
mansJ¦ak*minEmn minmansJ¦ak*minEmn’ . envsJ¦anasJ¦;
:n»mkza sameNr ykeRbglab:RtehIy k*tMkl´
‘Qan’ pg envsJ¦anasJ¦; ‘Qan’ enaH eQμaHza Gaytn;
Tuk . kñúgeBlqan´bbr RBHezr; k*R:b´osameNrenaHyk:Rt
eRBaHrab´bJ©Úlkñúgmnaytn; nig Zmμaytn; pg eRBaHehtuenaH
mkRbeKn . sameNrenaH TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn!
QanenaH eTIbeQμaHzaenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;‘Gaytn;KWQan
kñúg:Rt maneRbg³ . kñúgeBlenaH kalebIRBHezr; eBalza
mansJ¦ak*minEmn minmansJ¦ak*minEmn’³ dUecñH . mYyeT[t
²EnsameNr GñkcUrnaMykmkç xMú\nwgdak´RteLakeRbg oeBj³
kñúgGarUb|CÄan TI 4 enaH sJ¦aenH ÉNa sJ¦aenaH eQμaHza Ca
dUecñHehIyç sameNr k*TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn eRbg
sJ¦a k*minEmnBit eRBaHsJ¦aenaH minmansmtæPaB edIm|IeZVInUv
minmaneT³ .
mansJ¦ak*minEmn
minmansJ¦ak*minEmn
k*RBHZm(eTsna
sJ¦akic© ‘muxnaTIénsJ¦a’ d*Cak´Esþg:n eQμaHza minEmnCa
kñúgBakü rbs´sameNrenaH Baküza ²eRbgman³ dUecñH
sJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatEdlman edayPav;énsg¡arEdl
k*RtUv edayesckþIza ‘eRbgenaH’ minKYr CamYynwgbbreT eRBaH
sl´enAd*suxum eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza envsJ¦anasJ¦a .
‘eRbg’manenAxagkñúg‘:Rt’ç Baküza²minman³k*RtUv edayGMNac
1- GPiÇ viÇ
PaKTI 81 TMB&rTI 291 .
énkic©karepSg>
mankarEzmRteLakeRbgCaedIm y¨agNamijç
visuTÆimK< ERb
249
250
Garub|nieTÞs
sUm|IsJ¦aenH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr eQμaHzasJ¦a k*minEmnBit eRBaH
minmank*rEmgman manehIyk*R:kdc|as´³ dUecñH . smabtþienH
minGacedIm|IeZVI nUvsJ¦akic© d*Cak´Esþg:n eQμaHza minEmnCa
dl´ehIy nUvesckþIlÁitsuxum edayRbkardUecñHÉg . mYyeT[t
sJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatEdlman edayPav;énsg¡arEdl
esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IeZVIoviess sUm|IedayóbmaedayTwkelI
sl´enA d*suxum .
pøÚv dUcCaóbmaedayeRbglab:Rt y¨agenaHk*:nEdr .
sYrza ²k*sJ¦akic©kñúgBaküenHKWGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²sJ¦akic©
:n»mkza sameNr nimnþeTAxagmuxRBHezr; Edlnimnþ
enaH KWkarcaM:nnUvGarmμN¾ 1 karcUldl´PaBCavis&y‘GarmμN¾’
elIpøÚv eXIjnUvTwkbnþic k*TUlza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn Twk
énvibsSna ehIyjúaMgesckþIen]yNay oekIteLIg 1 . k*
sUmRBHKuNm©as´edaHnUvEs|keCIgecj³ . lMdab´enaH kalebI
sJ¦aenaH sUm|Ikic©KWkarcaM:n ‘nUvGarmμN¾’ k*minGacedIm|IeZVI o
RBHezr;eBal za ²EnsameNr ebITwkmanç cUrGñknaMyksMBt´
Cak´c|as´:n eRb[bdUcCaZatuePøIg kñúgTwkekþA minGaceZVIkic©KWkar
sMrab´Rsg´Twkmk x\úMnwgRsg´Twk³ dUecñHç sameNr TUlza ²bBiRt
duteqH:neLIy
RBHKuNm©as´d*cMerIn TwkminmaneT³ .
y¨agenaHÉg
. sUm|IkarcUldl´PaBCavis&y
énvibsSnaehIy júaMgniBViTaoekIteLIg dUcCasJ¦a kñúgsmabtþi
kñúgBaküsameNrenaH
Baküza
²Twkman³
k*RtUv
eRBaH
d*essTaMgLay k*minGacedIm|IeZVI:nEdr . eRBaHza Pikú¡CaGñk
esckþIzaRtwmEtTTwkEs|keCIg Baküza ²Twkminman³ k*RtUv eRBaH
min:neZVIGPinievs
ehIy
esckþIza‘Twkminmanlμmnwg’ gUt:n y¨agNamijç sUm|IsJ¦a
nUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnk¡nÆ
enaH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr eQμaHza CasJ¦a k*minEmn eRBaHminGac
TaMgLayehIy :nseRmcdl´niBViTa rEmgminman . eGIEmn!
edIm|IeZVInUvsJ¦akic© d*Cak´c|as´:n eQμaHza minEmnCasJ¦a k*
k*manEtRBHsarIbuRtd*manGayu ß elakGñkmanbJ¦aeRcIn CaGñk
minEmn eRBaHCaZmμCatman
EdlBicarNaeXIjc|as´tamRbRktI
dUcCaRBHsarIbuRthñwgÉg
lÁitsuxum . k*esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IeZVIoviess edayóbmaTaMg
eTIbGac ‘BicarNanUvenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnxnÆehIyeZVIosMerc
LayenHÉg Etmüa¨g min:neLIy Kb|IeZVIoviess edayóbma
dl´niBViTa:n’ .
TaMgLaydéTeT[t EdlsmKYr k*:nEdr .
eQμaHza
‘KWvibsSna’
kñúgxnÆTaMgLayÉeT[t
CaGñkGacedIm|IBicarNa
sUm|IRBHsarIbuRtenaH k*Gac ‘eZVI:n’ eday
GMNacénkarBicarNaCaklab ‘KWRkum’ Etbu¨eNÑaH minGac ‘eZVI’ edayGMNacénkarBicarNaeXIjZm( tamlMdab´bT:neT eRBaH elakyl´eXIjza ²:n»za Zm(TaMgLayenH y¨agdUecñHÉg KW
edayPav;énsg¡arEdlsl´enA
d*
Baküza ²cUleTAkan´ÇÇÇseRmc«riyabz³ enH mann&ydUc eBalmkehIyhñwgÉg . enHCakza edayBisþar kñúgenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnkmμdðan .
visuTÆimK< ERb
251
bkiNÑkkza ‘201’
RBHnaz;RTg´manRBHrUbminmanbuK<leRb[b
eRkay>
TaMgLay 5 EdlRbNIt edayGMNacénkarbeRmI mankiriyaraM
enH sUm|Iman 4 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾
eRc[gç karRbKMudUrt®nþIç eRK]gRkGUbç p,akRmgç ePaCnç TIedk nig
‘Et’ GñkR:C\TaMgLayminR:zñanUvkarRbRBwtþiknøg
eRK]gesø{kBak´EdlCaTiBVCaedIm
nUvGg< énsmabtþiTaMgLayenaHeT . bNÐitKb|IRCabza
sUm|Iman 4 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ edayRbkarTaMgBYg KW kñúgsmabtþiTaMg 4 enaH smabtþi TI1 man edaykarRbRBwtþi knøgnUvrUbnimitþ TI 2 edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGakas TI3 eday karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGakas TI 4 eday karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvkareTAR:sénviJ¦aNEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGakas EtbNÐitTaMgLay minR:zña nUvkarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< énsmabtþi TaMgLayenaHeT . eRBaHza karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< kñúgsmabtþiTaMg LayenaH Etgman dUcCakñúgrU:vcrsmabtþiTaMgLay k*eTEdr . sUm|IRKb´y¨ag
Gg<Qan 2 y¨agbu¨eNÑaH KW óebk¡a 1 cietþkK<ta 1 . sUm|IkalebIehtudUecñaH manBitEmn .
‘smabtþiedIm>’
dUcCa BÆd*épÞeRkaménR:saT Edlman 4 Can´ kamKuN
EmnBit GarUb|smabtþiTaMgLay
kñúgsmabtþiTaMgLayenaH
rEmgRbNItlÁCag
xag
óbma kñúgesckþIRbNItlÁCagKñaenaH .
RtUvdwgc|as´bkiNÑkkza kñúgGarUb|;enaHeT[tpg.
BitEmnehIy
smabtþiTaMgLay
bNiÐtKb|IRCab‘er]g’ épÞR:saT nig sMBt´ Ca
bNÐit:nRCabnUvGarUb|; 4 enaH y¨agenHehIy
GarUb|smabtþiTaMgLayenH
Garub|nieTÞs
kñúgGarUb|smabtþienH
pÞwmesμI:n RTg´Rtas´nUvGarUb|; 4 Rbkar ÉNaç
EmnBit
252
manEt
Kb|ICarbs´EdltaMgTukehIyç
kñúgCan´TI 2 bJ©kamKuN RbNItCagCan´eRkamenaHç kñúgCan´TI 3 RbNItCagCan´TI 2 enaHç kñúgCan´TI 4 RbNItCageKTaMgGs´ç kñúgesckþIóbmaenaH Can´TaMgLay 4 enaH KWCaépÞR:saThñwgÉgç esckþIEbøkKña edayPaBCaépÞR:saT énCan´TaMg 4 enaH minman k*BitEmnehIy TukCay¨agdUecñaH Can´xagelI> CaCan´RbNItCag Can´xageRkam > edaymanesckþIbribUN( énbJ©kamKuNEbøkKña y¨agNamijç mYyeT[t sMBt´ Tmán´4 bl;ç Tmán´3 bl;ç Tmán´ 2 bl; Tmán´1 bl; énGMe:HEdleRKIm m¨t´ m¨t´Cag m¨t´CageK TaMgGs´
Edl®sþImñak´révehIy
TaMgbeNþayTaMgTTwgç
Kb|ICasMBt´EdlmanxñatesμIKña
kñúgesckþIóbmaenaH
sMBt´TaMgLay
4
enaH manxñatesμIKña TaMgbeNþayTaMgTTwgç esckþIEbøkKña eday xñat énsMBt´TaMg 4 enaH minman k*BitEmnehIy
EtebITukCa
dUecñaH sMBt´eRkay> CasMBt´RbNItCagsMBt´mun> edayman
visuTÆimK< ERb
253
254
Garub|nieTÞs
smäsSTn´élμ mansac´m¨t´ nig mantémøeRcIn y¨agNaç sUm|I
nig bursEdlGaRs&ynUvbursCab´mNÐbenaHç bursTaMg 2 nak´
kñúgGarUb|smabtþiTaMg 4 k*manGg< 2 enH dUcKñaEdr KWóebk¡a 1
enaH lM:kehIyç ÉkarZøak´cuHeTA kñúgeRCaHénmNÐb nwgman dl´
cietþkK<ta 1 k*BitEmn ebITukCadUecñaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²kñúg
bursTaMg 2 nak´enaH eT[gTat´Nas´ç eNØIycuH GatμaGj Qr
smabtþienH smabtþixageRkay> CasmabtþiRbNItlÁCag eRBaH
enAxageRkAenH:nehIy³ dUecñH . bursenaH minGaRs&ynUvburs
Pav;énsmabtþienaHRbNIt nigRbNItCagGg<TaMgLayenaHeday
EdlGaRs&ynUvbursxagedImenaHeT k*:nQrenAehIy BÆd*xag
esckþIviessénPavna k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr³ . k*GarUb|smabtþiTaMg
eRkAhñwgÉg . RKaenaH Rsab´Etbursmñak´eT[tmk sMKal´nUvburs
nu@H CasmabtþiRbNIt nig RbNItCag edaylMdab´ dUecñHÉg .
EdlKitnUvesckþIminekSmkSanþ énbursEdlCab´ kñúgmNÐl nig bursEdlGaRs&y
‘GarUb|; 4 óbmaedayburs 4 nak´’
bursmñak´Cab´eTIr Rtg´TImNÐbEdlminsÁat burs mñak´eT[tGaRs&ynUvbursmñak´enaHç bursdéTeT[t minGaRs&ybursenaHeT ‘QrenA’ xageRkAç nig bursmñak´eT[t :nQrGaRs&y nUvbursEdlQr enAxageRkAenaHehIyç GarUb|smabtþiTaMg 4 Gñk R:C\Kb|IRCab
edayPaBCaZmμCatesμIKña
eday
bursTaMgLay 4 enH edaylMdab´cuH .
nUvbursGñkCab´mNÐbenaHpg
xageRkAhñwgÉgQrenAy¨aglÁ
eTIbGaRs&y
ehIyQrenA
nUvbursEdlQr
enAxageRkAenaH :nQrenAehIy . GakasRtg´TIEdlksiNebIk bNÐitKb|IeXIj odUcCa mNÐb kñúgTIEdlminsÁat kñúgóbmaenaH . GakasanJ©aytn; EdlmanGakasCaGarmμN¾ eRBaHex¬ImreGImnUvrUbnimitþ bNÐitKb|I eXIjza dUcCabursEdlCab´mNÐb eRBaHex¬ImTIEdlminsÁat . viJ¦aNJ©aytn; EdlR:rBÆ nUvGakasanJ©aytn; Edlman GakasCaGarmμN¾
ehIyRbRBwtþeTA
bNÐitKb|IeXIjza
dUcCa
enH CaBaküRbkbesckþI kñúgóbmaenaH . maner]gmkza
bursEdlGaRs&y nUvbursEdlCab´mNÐb . GakiJ©J¦aytn;
manmNÐbmYy enARtg´TIEdlminsÁat . RKaenaH bursmñak´ mk
EdlmineZVI nUvGakasanJ©aytn; oCaGarmμN¾ manPaBminman
ehIy k*ex¬ImnUvTIminsÁatenaH eTIbykédetagnUvmNÐbenaHehIy
viJ¦aNenaHCaGarmμN¾ bNÐitKb|IeXIjza dUcCabursEdlKitnUv
k*Cab´enAkñúgmNÐbenaH dUcCaeKBüÜrTukehIy . bnÞab´mk burs
esckþIminekSmkSanþ énbursTaMg 2 nak´enaH eTIbminGaRs&ynUv
mYyeT[t mkehIy k*GaRs&ynUvbursEdlCab´kñúgmNÐbenaH .
bursEdlCab´mNÐbenaH ehIyk*:nmkQrenAxageRkA . env-
bursepSgeT[t mkdl´ehIy Kitza ²bursGñkEdlCab´kñúgmNÐb
sJ¦anasJ¦aytn; EdlR:rBÆ nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn; EdlfitenA
visuTÆimK< ERb
255
256
Garub|nieTÞs
Rtg´TIxageRkA eBalKWPaBminmanviJ¦aN ehIyRbRBwtþeTA bNÐit
y¨agNamijç envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH kalmin:nGarmμN¾
Kb|IeXIjza dUcCabursEdlsMKal´ nUvbuK<lEdlKit nUvesckþI
déT
minekSmkSanþ énbursEdlCab´mNÐb nig GñkEdlGaRs&yburs
ehIyoCaGarmμN¾ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . k*envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;
GñkCab´mNÐbenaHpg ehIy:nQrenAxageRkAenaHÉgza ²CaGñk
enH kaleZVIy¨agdUecñH
Qr:nlÁehIy³ dUecñH eTIbGaRs&ynUvbursenaH fitenAehIy . k*envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH kalRbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUecñH
rEmgeZVInUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaHoCaGarmμN¾ eRBaH
nUvkMBUlPñM ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgRbetag’ ß eRb[b
GZib|ayza envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;enH RtUveZVInUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH sUm|ICamaneTasEdleXIjehIy y¨agdUecñH za oCa
GarmμN¾ eRBaHminmanGarmμN¾déTeT[t . eRb[bdUcGVI/ . eRb[b dUcCa ‘RbCa’ Cn RtUvGaRs&yRBHraCa sUm|ImaneTasEdleXIj ehIyRbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkarciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu dUecñaH . GZib|ayza ‘RbCa’Cn kalmin:nnUvkarciJ©wmCIvit kñúgRbeTsdéT caM:c´RtUv GaRs&yRBHraCamYyGg< CaZMkñúgTVIbTaMgmUl CaGñkminsRgYm man esckþIRbRBwtþitampøÚvkay vaca nig citþ ezakTab sUm|ICaGñkman eTasEdlbuK<leXIjehIyza ²RBHraCaenH CaGñkmankarRbRBwtþi ezakTab³ dUecñH rEmgRbRBwtþeTA
ehIy RbRBwtþeTA ‘eRBaHminmanGVIetag’ eRb[b
nig eRb[bdUcCabuK<leLIgkMBUlPñM ehIyRbetag
RbRBwtþeTA eRBaHkarciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu dUecñaH .
dUecñH
k*EtgEtetagCab´ ‘nUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;’QanenaH
k*Rbetag ‘nUvem’CeNþIr ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgetag’
GaRs&y nUvRBHraCa sUm|ICaGñkmaneTas R:kd
mansRtUvKWviJ¦aNJ©aytn;enACit³
sUm|ImaneTasEdleXIj
dUcCabuK<leLIgCeNþIrEvg ‘dl´kaMxagelIehIy’
minmanGarmμN¾déTeT[t eRb[bdUcCa ‘RbCa’Cn
²smabtþienH
k*RtUveZVInUvGakiJ©J¦aytn;enaH
eRBaHkiriyaciJ©wmCIvitCaehtu
dUcCabuK<leLIgPñM
ehIyTb´Tl´Cg<g´
rbs´xøÜn
hñwgÉg ‘eRBaHminmanGVInwgTb´Tl´’ dUecñaHÉg . briecäT TI10 eQμaHGarUb|nieTÞs kñúgGZikarénsmaZiPavna kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< KWx\úMrcnaehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´esckþIrIkrayrbs´saZuCn y¨agdUecñHÉg . v
Í
v
:ner[ber[gcb´ ézáRBhs|ti¾ 2 ekIt ExbusS BÇsÇ2550 ézáTI21 ExZñÚ qñaM 2006
smaZinieTÞs
257
‘GahaerbdikUlsJ¦a’ ‘202’
kñúgkal«LÚvenH karsMEdgecjnUvkarcMerIn én
karsMKal´za bdikUl kñúgGahar EdlelakelIkykmksMEdg y¨agenH za ²sJ¦a mYy³ dUecñH bnÞab´GMBIGarUb|nieTÞs mkdl´ ehIytamlMdab´ . kñúgkarsMKal´za bdikUl kñúgGaharenaH bNÐitKb|IRCab esckþIvinicä&y tUcteTA ;
sPaBNa EtgnaMmk eRBaHehtuenaH
sPaBenaH eQμaHza Gahar ‘sPaBGñknaMmk’ . GaharenaH man 4 y¨ag KW kBLig,araharç psSaharç menaseJ©tnaharç viJ¦aNahar . sYrza ²k*kñúgGaharTaMg 4 y¨agn@uH Gahary¨agNa Etg naMGVImk/ ³ . eqøIyza ²kBLig,arahar EtgnaMmk nUvrUb EdlmanOCa Ca KRmb´8 . psSahar EtgnaMmknUvevTna 3 . menaseJ©tnahar EtgnaMmknUvbdisnÆi kñúgPBTaMg 3 . viJ¦aNahar EtgnaMmk nUv namrUb kñúgxN; énbdisnÆi .
258
smaZinieTÞs
EdleRb[bedaysac´rbs´kUnç psSahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdgeday RBHOvaT EdleRb[bedayemeKaminmanEs|kç menaseJ©tnahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT EdleRb[bedayPñk´énregIkePøIgç viJ¦aNahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT EdleRb[beday muxénlMEBg .
‘GaharEdlR:zñakñúgkmμdðanenH’ EtkñúgGaharTaMg 4 enH kBLig,arahar EdlEckCarbs´ sIu pwk TMBa nig PøkS bu¨eNÑaH KWelakb¨gykehIyza ²Gahar³ kñúgesckþIenH .
esckþIsMKal´ EdlekIteLIg edayGMNacén
karkan´yknUvGakar;EdlKYrex¬Im kñúgGaharenaH eQμaHza esckþI sMKal´za KYrex¬Im kñúgGahar . RBHeyaKIGñkR:zñaedIm|IcMerInnUv GahaerbdikUlsJ¦aenaH Kb|Ier[nnUvkmμdðan minoPøaMgPøat´GMBIkar Edler[nmksUm|IEtmYybT eTAkñúgTIsáat´Etmñak´ÉgsmáMenA ehIy RtUvBicarNa nUvPaBbdikUl kñúgkBLig,arahar EdlEckCarbs´ sIu pwk TMBa nig liTÆPøkS edayGakar;TaMgLay 10 . Gakar; TaMg 10 enH KWGVIxøH / .
KW ;
1- Kmneta
bdikUledaydMeNIredIrç
2- brieysneta
bdikUledaykarEsVgrkç
3- briePaKeta
bdikUledaykarbriePaKç
4- Gasyeta
bdikUledayTIGaRs&yç
man kñúgviJ¦aNahar . k*kñúgGaharTaMgLayenH EdlmanP&y
5- niZaneta
bdikUledaykEnøgtMkl´enAkñúgépÞç
cMeBaH y¨agenH
6- Gbribk,eta
bdikUledayPaBEdlminTan´rlYyç
‘P&yekIteRBaHGaharCaehtu’ kñúgGaharTaMg 4 enaH P&yKWkarmineRtkGr Etgman kñúg kBLig,araharç P&yKWkarcUleTArk Etgman kñúgpsSaharç P&y KWkarekItÉg Etgman kúñgmenaseJ©tnaharç P&yKWbdisnÆi Etg
kBLig,arahar bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayRBHOvaT
visuTÆimK< ERb
259
260
smaZinieTÞs
7- bribk,eta
bdikUledayPaBEdlrlYyehIyç
bdikUlCagxagkñúgbnÞb´ eRBaHeBlxøH RtUvvtæúbdikUl manGacm¾
8- pleta
bdikUledayplç
kNþúr nig Gacm¾Rbec[vCaedIm eZVIoxUcxatehIyç bnÞab´mk RtUv
9- nisSnÞeta
bdikUledayhUrecjç
emIlCan´xageRkam‘kudi’EdlbdikUlCagCan´xagelI eRBaHeBlxøH
10- smμk¡neta
bdikUledayRbLak´RbLÚs .
‘bdikUledaydMeNIredIr’ ‘203’ kñúgbTTaMg10 enaH bTza ²Kmneta³ enaH esckþI za esckþIbdikUledaydMeNIredIr KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNa eday
RtUvRbLak´edayGacm¾em[m nig Gacm¾RBabCaedImç bnÞab´mk RtUv emIlbrievN EdlbdikUlCagCan´xageRkam‘énkudi’ eRBaHeBlxøH KRKicehIyedayesμA nig søwkeQIcas´> EdlRtUvxül´bk´mk edaybsSav; óc©ar; Twkmat´ nig TwksMe:r énBYksameNr
n&yy¨agenH za ²GñkbYs kñúgsasna EdleQμaHzamanGanuPaB
EdlmanCmáW nig edayTwknigPk´CaedIm kñúgrdUvePø{gç RtUvemIlpøÚv
eRcIn
nUvsmNZm(kþI
eTAviharEdlbdikUlCagbrievNeTAeT[tç mYyeT[t GñkbYsenaH
rhUtTaMgraRtI eRkakeLIgehIyGMBIRBwkRBlwm eZVIvtþRtg´lanRBH
zVaybgM<nUveBaZiRBwkS nig RBHectiy edaylMdab´ehIy RtUvQr
ectiy nig vtþRtg´laneBaZiRBwkS tMkl´TwksMrab´qan´ TwksMrab´
enA Rtg´kEnøgEdlQrRtiHriH ehIyRtiHriH za ²GatμaGj nwgmin
eRbIR:s´ e:ssMGatTIbrievN CRmHnUvsrIr;ehIy eLIgkan´TI
RtUvRkeLkemIlRBHectiyEdldUcCakgénEkvmukþa nig edImeBaZi-
Gasn; eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvkmμdðan Gs´ 20-30 dg ehIy eRkak
RBwkSd*CaTIKab´citþdUcCasøabknÞúyénstVekáak nig nUvesnasn;
eLIg cab´yk:Rt nig cIvr lHbg´nUvte:v&n ‘KWéRBCaTIeZVInUv
EdlmansirI dUcCasm|tþiéneTBVvimanehIy EbrxñgeTAkan´TIEdl
te:kmμ’ EdlCaTIR:scakCneb[tes[t suxsb|aydl´vievk
CaTIrIkray eQμaHy¨agenH ehIyeTA eRBaHGaharCaehtu³ dUecñH
dl´RBmedaymøb´ nig Twk sÁatlÁ RtCak´ CaTIfanEdlCaTIrIk
ehIy ec[secjeTA k*edIreTAkan´pøÚveTAkan´RsukehIy RtUvemIl
rayehIy minsmøwgnUvesckþIeRtkGrkñúgvievk EdlCaGriyKuN
pøÚvEdlmandg<t´ nig bnøapg pøÚvEdlRtUvkMLaMgTwkeRcaHehIy nig
Kb|Imanmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´Rsuk
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´Gahar
pøÚvminrabesμIpgç bnÞab´mk GñkbYsRtUvesø{ks|g´ ‘edaykarnwk
dUcCaEq,cck manmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TIsμsandUecñaH kalnimnþeTAy¨ag
Kit’ dUcsMBt´biTnUvbUs cgnUvvtæBnÆ dUccgsMBt´ruMdMe¶ RKgcIvr
enH cab´taMgBIcuHecjGMBIERK ß taMgeTAehIy k*RtUvCan´TIkRmal
‘edaykarnwkKit’ dUcCaRKbnUveRKagqÁwg naMyk:Rtecj ‘eday
EdleBareBjeTAedayeRK]gminsÁat mankMeTcZUlICab´eCIg nig
karnwkKit’ dUcCanaMyknUvPaCn;sMrab´RckzñaM mkdl´TICiténTVar
lamkstVCIgck´CaedImç bnÞab´BIenaH RtUvemIlmuxCaRbZan Edl
Rsuk k*nwgeXIjnUvsaksBepSg> dUcsaksBdMrIxøH saksB
y¨agenH
eZVIkarsVaZüaynUvRBHBuTÆvcn;kþI
nimnþeTA
visuTÆimK< ERb esHxøH
saksBeKaxøH
261
smaZinieTÞs
saksBmnusSxøH
edayGacm¾dInigkMeTcesμA EdlebIugeLIgehIy edaykMLaMgxül´ç
nwgRtUvEtemIlEtmüa¨g
eTAdl´mat´TVarpÞHenaH> ehIy k*RtUvCYbRbTH eBlxøH RtUvCan´nUv
k*minEmnEdr sUm|IkøinénsaksBTaMgenaHEdlmkb¨HnUvRcmuH k*Ca
reNþARCaM nig zøúkRCaM EdlRcbUkRcbl´ edayrbs´minsÁat man
er]gEdlRtUvGt´RTaMpgEdrç bnÞab´mk GñkbYs RtUvEtQrRtg´TVar
TwklagRtIç Twklagsac´ç TwklagGg,rç Twkmat´ç TwkRcmuH nig
cUlRsuk ehIyRkeLkemIlnUvpøÚvedIreTAkñúgRsuk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾
lamkEq, nig RCUkCaedIm EdledrdasehIy edayhVÚgdg,Úv nig
dl´kareKcevHnUvGnþray mandMrIkac nig Eq,kacCaedIm .
ruyk|alex[vCaedIm EdlCaTIkEnøgEdlstVruykñúgRsukehIreLIg
saksBBs´xøH
saksBRkbIxøH
262
saksBEq,CaedImxøH
rbs´bdikUl
maneRK]gkRmalCaxagedIm
mansaksB
mkTMEGbelIsg¹adIxøH elI:RtxøH elIk|alxøHç kalbBVCitenaH
eRcInCaGenkCabrieyasan dUc:neBalmkdUecñHenH Caer]gEdl
sUm|IcUleTAdl´pÞHehIy m©as´pÞHBYkxøHRbeKn BYkxøHminRbeKneT
GñkbYs RtUvGt´sg,t´pg RtUvsMLwgemIlpg RtUvhitkøinpg eRBaH
sUm|IGñkEdlRbeKn BYkxøH RbeKnEt:yEdldaMehIy kalBIézá
GaharCaehtuç
mSilxøH
esckþIbdikUl
edaydMeNIredIr KWRBHeyaKIKb|I
nUvrbs´qan´Edlesssl´xøH
nUvsmømansmøsENþk
BicarNaoeXIj y¨agdUecñHza ²Ohñ! Gñkd*cMerIn Gahar Carbs´
EdlpÁÚmCaedImxøHç BYkGñkminRbeKnesat GñkxøHeBalza ²bBiRt
bdikUlKYrex¬ImEmnhñ@ ³ dUecñH .
RBHKuNm©as´ cUrnimnþeR:sstVeTAxagmuxcuH³ dUecñH Etbu¨eNÑaHç
‘bdikUledaykarEsVgrk’
EtBYkxøHenAesá{mQwg eZVIhak´bIdUcCamineXIjç BYkxøH k*Ebrmux
‘204’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaykarEsVgrk etIdUcemþc / .
eTATIdéT‘Ebrmuxecj’ç BYkxøH k*ERskRTeKaH edayBaküGaRkk´>
esckþIbdikUledaykarEsVgrk KWRBHeyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIj
za ²En evIy! mnusSk|alRtegal eTAeTA³ dUecñHCaedImç BitEmn
c|as´y¨agenHza ²bBVCit sUm|IGt´Zn´nUvesckþIbdikUl kñúgkareZVI
eTaHbICay¨agenHk*eday bBVCit RtUvEtRtac´eTAbiNÐ:t kñúgRsuk
dMeNIry¨agenHehIy cUleTAkan´Rsuk XøMúedaysMBt´sg¹adI RtUv
dUcCamnusSkMRBa ehIyecjeTA y¨agenHÉg .
EtRtac´eTAtamdgzñl´ kñúgRsuk tamlMdab´pÞH dUcCamnusSkMRBa
rbs´bdikUl manreNþATwkRCaMCaedIm dUceBalmkdUecñHenH
manédkan´GMEbg Rtac´eTAdUecñaHç Rtg´pøÚvÉNa kñúgrdUvePø{g elITI
Carbs´EdlbBVCitRtUvCan´pg
EdlCan´ehIy> eCIgTaMgLaycUleTA kñúgTwk nig Pk´ rhUtdl´
cab´taMgGMBIcUleTA kñúgRsuk rhUtdl´ecjmkvij k*eRBaHGahar
sac´sμgç bBVCit RtUvEtkan´:Rt edayédmYy elIkcIBredayéd
CaehtuedayBitR:kdç Ohñ@ Gñkd*cMerIn Gahar Carbs´bdikUl
mYyç kñúgrdUvekþA RtUvEtRtac´eTA TaMgragkayRbLak´RbLÚsehIy
KYrex¬ImreGIm BitEmnhñ@!³ dUecñHÉg .
RtUvCYbRbTHpg
RtUvGt´sg,t´pg
visuTÆimK< ERb
263
‘bdikUledaykarbriePaK’
264
smaZinieTÞs
enH manBN( køin nig kartak´Etgd*viess vinas:t´Gs´ehIy
‘205’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaykarbriePaK etIdUcemþc / .
kñúgxN;enaHPøam rEmgcUldl´PaBKYrex¬ImreGImy¨agéRkElg dUc
esckþIbdikUledaykarbriePaK KWRBHeyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIj
CakMGYtEq,EdlenAkñúgsñÚk:yEq,dUecñaHç biNÐ:tenaH sUm|IR:kd
c|as´ y¨agenHza ²k*esckþIbdikUl edaykarbriePaK bBVCitGñk
y¨agdUecñH
manGaharEdlEsVgrk:nmkehIy y¨agenH Gg<úytamsb|ay
knøgnUvKnøgénckú¡³ dUecñHÉg .
k*Carbs´EdlRtUvEtelbcUleTA
kñúgTIEdlsb|ay xageRkARsuk RtUveXIj y¨agenHza ²Gñkmin
eRBaHbiNÐ:tenaH
‘bdikUledayTIGaRs&y’
Tan´lUkédcUleTA kñúgGaharenaH drabNa GñkeXIj nUvPikú¡Edl
‘206’ ‘esckþIbdikl’ edayTIGaRs&y etIdUcemþc / .
KYreKarBkþI nUvmnusSEdlmankareG[nxμaskþI R:kddUecñaHehIy k*
esckþIbdikUledayTIGaRs&y RBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNa y¨agenHza
Gacnimnþ ‘oqan´nUvGaharenaH’ :ndrabenaHç bu¨EnþRKan´EtbBVCit
²k*GaharenaH Edl:nbriePaKcUleTAehIyy¨agenH kalcUleTA
enaH dak´édcUleTA kñúgGaharenaH edaymanbMNgnwgqan´ kal
BÆd*xagkñúgç bNþaTIGaRs&y‘Gasy;’ TaMgLaybYn KWTIGaRs&y
eBalza²cUrGñkTTYlcuH³ dUecñH RtUvmanEtkarxμaseG[nç k*kalebI
rbs´Rbmat´ TIGaRs&yrbs´esøsμ TIGaRs&yrbs´xÞúH TIGaRs&y
bBVCitenaH dak´édcUleTAehIyRc:c´ ejIshUrecj tamRmaméd
rbs´Qam TIGaRs&yNamYy rEmgman dl´RBHBuTÆ nig RBH
TaMg 5 júaMgP&tþsUm|IEdlrwgeRBaHsáÜtoesIm eZVIoTn´ç RKaenaH
bec©kBuTÆTaMgLaypg dl´esþccRkBtiþpgEtbu¨eNÑaH k*b¨uEnþsMrab´
kalebIbiNÐ:tenaH
buK<lTaMgLayEdlmanbJ¦atic rEmgmanTIGaRs&yRKb´TaMg 4
xUcPaBEdllÁehIy
eRBaHkareZVIsUm|IRtwm
EtRc:c´ KWbBVCitenaH eZVIoeTACaBMnUt dak´cUleTAkñúgmat´ehIyç
eRBaHehtuNaç
eRBaHehtuenaH
ebIbuK<lNaEdlmanTIGaRs&y
eZμjeRkam júaMgkic©ént|al´osMerc eZμjelI júaMgkic©énGERg
rbs´Rbmat´eRcInç GaharEdlbuK<lenaHelbcUleTA eRb[bdUcCa
osMerc GNþat júaMgkic©énédosMercç Twkmat´d*zøarav elIcug
RbLak´edayeRbgRsKMy¨agxab´KYrex¬IméRkeBkç buK<lNa manTI
GNþat RbLak´nUvbiNÐ:tenaH EdlRtUvGERgKWeZμj TMBalMGit
GaRs&yrbs´esøsμeRcIn GaharEdlbuK<lenaHelbcUleTA dUc
ehIy RKelvRbmUlpúMþ edayGNþat dUcCakMGYtEq,elIsñÚk:yEq,
CaRbLak´edayrsénEpøxÞwg ß søwkxÞwgKYrex¬IméRkElgç buK<lNa
enAkñúgmat´enaHç Twkmat´xab´ cab´taMgBIBak´kNþalGNþatcUleTA
manTIGaRs&yrbs´xÞúHeRcIn
rEmgRbLak´ç eCIgeZμj kñúgTIEdleQICRmHeZμjeTAmindl´ rEmg
eRb[bdUcCaRbLak´edayTwkedaHCUrEdlpÁÚmKYrex¬IméRkElgç buK<l
RbLak´ç biNÐ:tenaH EdlRtUvTMBakMeTc nig RbLak´ehIy y¨ag
Na manTIGaRs&yrbs´QameRcInç
GaharEdlbuK<lenaH
elbcUleTA
Gahar EdlbuK<lenaHelb
visuTÆimK< ERb
265
cUleTAehIy bIdUcCaTwkRClk´KYrex¬IméRkElg³ dUecñH .
‘bdikUledaykEnøgtMkl´enAkñúgépÞ’
266
smaZinieTÞs
EdlcUleTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkas‘KYrex¬Im’ EbbenHehIy CaGahar enAminTan´rlYy drabNa sUm|IGaharenaHeTIbbriePaK kñúgézáenaH
‘207’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’edaykEnøgEdltMkl´enAkñúgépÞ etI
kþI briePaKkñúgézámSilkþI kñúgézámun> mkkþI k*eTApþúMenACamYyKñaTaMg
dUcemþc / . esckþIbdikUledaykEnøgEdltMkl´enAkñúgépÞ KWRBH
Gs´ rYbrwteTAedaydMuesøsμ ekIteTACaBBuH CaRkeBjtUc-ZM RtUv
eyaKI RtUvBicarNaoeXIjc|as´ y¨agenHza ²GaharEdlelb
ePøIgZatukñúgragkay cMhuykMedAehIy dl´nUvPaBKYrex¬ImreGIméRk
cUleTARbLak´edayGasy;NamYy kñúgcMeNamGasy;TaMg 4
Elg ehIyfitenA kñúgTIkEnøg manRbkardUc:neBalmkehIy
enH
enaHÉg
cUleTAehIykñúgépÞenaH
minEmneTAtMkl´enA
kúñgPaCn;man
EdlCaTIggwtCitsUnüQwgBn´eBk
Gab´GYrRcbUkRcbl´
PaCn;masCaedImeLIy minEmneTAtMkl´enA kúñgPaCn;TaMgLay
edaykøinsaksBepSg> mankøinsÁúyKYrex¬ImreGIméRkElg drab
manPaCn;eZVIBIEkvmNI nig PaCn;eZVIGMBIR:k´CaedImeLIyç Etza
enaH eRb[bdUcCarbs´minsÁatepSg> manesμA søwkeQI kenÞl
ebImnusSmanGayu 10 qñaM elbcUleTA k*eTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkas
rEhkdac´dac saksBBs´ saksBEq, nig saksBmnusSCa
EdlR:kdesμIedayreNþAlamkEdlmin:nlagehIy Gs´ 10
edIm EdlZøak´ehIykñúgreNþAEk|rmat´TVarcUlpÞHénCncNÐal RtUv
qñaMç ebImnusSmanGayu 20 qñaM 30 qñaM 40 qñaM 50 qñaM 60 qñaM 70
emX ‘ePø{g’ EdlminEmnCardUvkal kñúgrdUvekþA Zøak´eRsacRsb´
qñaM 80 qñaM 90 qñaM elbcUleTA k*eTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkasEdl
ehIy RtUvkMedARBHGaTitü dutkMedAehIy kekIteTACaBBuH CaBg
R:kdesμIedayreNþAlamk Edlmin:nlagehIy Gs´ 20 qñaM
‘dl´nUvPaBKYrex¬IméRkElg’ y¨agdUecñaHÉg³ dUecñH .
30 qñaM 40 qñaM 50 qñaM 60 qñaM 70 qñaM 80 qñaM 90 qñaMç ebImnusS
‘bdikUledayPaBEdlrlYyehIy’
k*eTAtMkl´enA kñúgOkasEdl
‘209’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayPaBEdlrlYyehIy etIdUc
R:kdesμIedayreNþAlamkEdlmin:nlagehIy Gs´ 100qñaM³
emþc/ . esckþIbdikUl edayPaBEdlrlYyehIy KWRBHeyaKI
dUecñHÉg .
Kb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as´ y¨agenH za ²GaharenaH kalRtUv
manGayu 100 qñaM elbcUleTA
‘bdikUledayPaBEdlminTan´rlYy’ ‘208’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayPaBEdlminTan´rlYy etI dUcemþc / .
esckþIbdikUl edayPaBEdlminTan´rlYy KWRBH
eyaKI Kb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as´ y¨agenH za ²k*GaharenHenaH
ePøIgZatukñúgkaydutorlYyehIykñúgOkasEdlfitenAenaH
k*min
EmnkøayeTACamas nig R:k´CaedIm dUcCaEr¨mas nig Er¨R:k´ Ca edIm:neLIy RKan´EtbeJ©jnUvBBuH nig RkeBjtUc-ZM dl´nUv PaBCaGaharcas´
k*cUleTAtMkl´enA kñúgTIlMenA énGaharcas´
visuTÆimK< ERb
267
268
smaZinieTÞs
dUcCadIsÁit manBN(el]g EdleKkinnwgt|al´kin ehIydak´cuH
briePaKnUvGaharenaH
eTA kñúgbMBg´dUecñaH nig dl´nUvPaBCaTwkmURtehIy k*RCabeTAdk´
ekItbIti nig esamnsS k*man ‘Et’ kñúgézáTIBIr kalEdlGahar
enA kñúgepøakTwkmURt³ dUecñH .
enaHhUrecjmkvij
‘bdikUledaypl’
CaGñksb|ayhWha
RtUvmnusSbiTRcmuH
mancitþrIkrayehIy
eKEbrmuxecj
eKex¬Im
reGIm eKmankareG[nxμaseTAvijç mYyeT[t kñúgézáTImYy mnusS
‘210’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edaypl etIdUcemþc / . esckþI
eRtkGr elμaP Cab´citþ RCulRCb´ehIy elbnUvGaharenaHcUl
bdikUl edaypl KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNaoeXIjc|as´ y¨ag
eTAk*man EtkñúgézáTIBIr eRBaHvaenAGs´mYyraRtI mnusSmineRtkGr
enHza ²k*GaharenHEdlrlYyeTAedaylÁbueNÑaH eTIbjúaMgsak
en]yNay eG[nxμas ex¬ImreGIm hUrecjmkvijç eRBaHehtu
sBepSg> mansk´ eram Rkck nig eZμjCaedIm ocMerInRss´
enaH eTIbburaNacarüTaMgLay eBalehIy za ;
eRsageLIg:n
EdlminrlYy:nlÁeT
k*bNþaloekIteTACa
eraK 100 CMBUk maneraKkm rmas´ Xøg´ ERsg hWt kÁk nig eraKZøak´Qamç enHCaplrbs´GaharenaH³ dUecñH .
‘211’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’ edayhUrecj etIy¨agdUcemþc/ . edayhUrecj
KWRBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNaoeXIj
c|as´ y¨agenHza ²k*GaharenH kalEdlelbcUleTA k*cUleTA tamTVarEtmYy
kalEdlhUrecjmkvij
rEmghUrecjmkvij
tamTVareRcInCaGenk edayRbkar;CaedIm KW EdlecjmktamEPñk ehAzaBBwkEPñk EdlecjmktamRtec[kehAzaGacm¾Rtec[kç BMu enaHesat
GaharenH
kñúgeBlEdlelbcUleTA
edayBYkbrivarCaeRcInnak´BitEmn
eRcIn cUleTAtamTVarmYy ‘Et’ ecjmkvij tam TVarTaMgLay 9ç buK<l RBmTaMgbrivar briePaK
‘bdikUledayhUrecj’ esckþIbdikUl
²:y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlmantémø
elbcUleTA
bu¨EnþkñúgeBlEdlhUrecjmk
vij k*køayeTACarbs´minsÁatmanócar; nig bsSav;CaedImehIy k*bgØÚrecjmkvijEtmñak´ÉgKt´ç mYyeT[t kñúgézádMbUg buK<lkal
nUv:y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlmantémø eRcIn ‘Et’ kalbenÞabg´vaecjmkvij rEmgeTA lak´BYnç :y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edl mantémøeRcIn buK<l Etgniym cUlcitþbriePaK ‘Et’
kalbenÞabg´vaecjmkvij
k*ex¬ImreGImeTA
vijç :y Twk xaTnIy; nig ePaCn Edlman témøeRcIn eRBaHvaenAGs´mYyraRtI k*ERbeTACarbs´ sÁúyTaMgGs´³ dUecñHÉg .
‘bdikUledayRbLak´RbLÚs’ ‘212’ ‘esckþIbdikUl’edayRbLak´RbLÚsetIdUcemþc/ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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esckþIbdikUl edayRbLak´RbLÚs KWRBHeyaKI Kb|IBicarNa o
270
smaZinieTÞs
rbs´minCaTIKab´citþdEdl³ dUecñH .
‘GahaerbdikUlsJ¦aQan’
eXIjc|as´ y¨agenHza ²k*GaharenH sUm|IkñúgkalEdlbriePaK
kalRBHeyaKI BicarNaeXIjnUvPaBbdikUl edayGakar;
k*rEmgRbLak´RbLÚs nUvéd bbUrmat´ GNþat nig Bitanç éd sUm|IIeKlagehIy
TaMg 10 y¨agenH eZVITukkñúgcitþ oCaZmμCatKWesckþIRtiHriHsÞÜy
k*RtUvEtlagmþgehIymþgeT[t edIm|IIRbeyaCn¾dl´karbM:t´køin éd
eLIgehIy oCaZmμCatKWesckþIriHKitsÜÞyeLIgehIyç kBLig,a-
bbUrmat´ GNþat nig BitanTaMgLayenaH Carbs´bdikUlehIy
rahar rEmgR:kd edayGMNacénGakar;bdikUl . RBHeyaKI
eRBaHRtUvGaharenaHRbLak´RbLÚsehIyç GaharenaH kalbuK<l
enaH esB cMerIn eZVIoeRcIn nUvnimitþenaH Caer]y> . kalRBH
briePaKcUleTAehIy
edayePIøg
eyaKIenaH eZVIy¨agenH nIvrN;TaMgLay rEmgsáb´rmáab´ . citþ
Zatukñúgragkay Edlpat´RcaneTAsBVsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIyk*pus
rEmgtaMgenAmaM edayóbcarsmaZi Edlmindl´nUvGb|na eRBaH
eLIg
edayPaBCaGacm¾eZμj
kBLig,araharCaKmÖIrPaBRCaleRCAtamsPaBCaZmμta . EtsJ¦a
EtgRbLak´RbLÚscab´edImGMBIGNþat nig BitaneTA edayPaBCa
kñúgkBLig,araharnu@H rEmgR:kd edayGMNacénkarkan´yk nUv
Twkmat´ nig esøsμCaedIm EtgRbLak´RbLÚsnUvTVarTaMgLay man
Gakar;bdikUl
rnÆEPñk rnÆRtec[k rnÆRcmuH nig TVarxageRkam‘TVarZM’ CaedIm eday
rab´za ²GahaerbdikUlsJ¦a³ dUecñH .
bbUrmat´
GNþat
nig
BitanTaMgLayNa
rEmgcMGinnUvkayoe:¨geLIg
RbLak´RbLÚsnUveZμjTaMgLay
PaBCaBBwkEPñk Gacm¾Rtec[k TwksMe:r TwkmURt nig Gahar
.
eRBaHehtuenaH
kmμdðanenH
dl´ehIynUvkar
‘GanisgSénGahaerbdikUlsJ¦a’
cas´CaedIm eRb[bdUcCakalebI:yRtUveKcMGin rbs´EdlCakak
k*citþrbs´Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvesckþIsMKal´zaCarbs´
sMNl´TaMgLay manGg,am knÞk´ nig Twk:y rEmgpuseLIg
KYrex¬Im kñúgGaharenH rEmgzycuH rEmgrYj rEmgbdivtþi cak
mkRbLak´nUvRkbmat´qñaMg nig KRmbqñaMg dUecñaHç kñúgTVarTaMgLay
esckIþcMNg´kúñgrs . RBHeyaKIenaHCaGñkR:scakesckþIRsvwg
Na eRBaHlagTVarmYy édCarbs´EdlRtUvlagedayTwkmþgeT[t
elbnUvGahar RKan´EtedIm|ICaRbeyaCn¾dl´karrlas´nUvTuk¡ecj
eRBaHlagTVarmYy
dUcCabuK<lGñkRtUvkarqøgpøÚvqáay sIunUvsac´kUndUecñaH . bnÞab´mk
édsUm|Ilag
edaylMGiteRK]gRkGUbxøH PaBbdikUl:neLIy
edaylamkeKaxøH
rhUtdl´BIrbIdg
TVarTaMgLayenHenaH
ehIy sUm|ICalagsMGat ral´> ézá
edaydIxøH
k*minR:scakGMBI EdlGaharRbLak´
k*rEmgCarbs´minsÁat Ca
teRmk
EdlRbRBwtþeTA
k*rEmgdl´nUvkarkMNt´dwg
kñúgbJ©kamKuN
rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH
edayminBi:keLIy
kMNt´dwgnUvkBLig,araharCaRbZan .
eRBaHmankar
RBHeyaKIenaH rEmgkMNt´
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dwgnUvrUbk¡nÆ:n eRBaHmankarkMNt´dwgnUvbJ©kamKuNCaRbZan .
272
smaZinieTÞs
kñúgrahuelavaTsURt nig kñúgZatuviPg<sURt .
‘ctuZatuvvdðanedayseg¡b’
mYyeT[t sUm|IkarcMerInkayKtasti rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH k*rEmg dl´nUvkareBjbribUN(
edayGMNacénPaBbdikUl
manGahar
EmnBit
ctuZatuvvdðanenaH
mkehIy
edayseg¡b
kñúg
EdlminTan´rlYyCaedImpg. RBHeyaKIenaHCaGñkbdibtþinUvesckþI
mhastibdðansURt edayGMNacénbuK<lGñkcMerInZatukmμdðan Ca
bdibtþiEdlGnuelam dl´GsuPsJ¦apg . müa¨geT[t RBHeyaKI
GñkmanbJ¦ad*xøaMgkøa
enaH GaRs&ynUvesckþIRbtibtþienHehIy kalminTan´:nsMercnUv
BiXateKakþI kUnsisSénbursGñkBiXateKakþI EdlbuinRbsb´ Kb|I
TIbMputKWRBHniBVan kñúgbc©úb|nñenHeT rEmgCaGñkmansuKti RbRBwtþ
BiXateKaehIyrMElkCacMENk> Gg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn
eTA BÆd*xagmux .
óbmadUcemþcmijç mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as´ nUv
enHCakzaedayBisþarkñúgkarcMerInGahaerbdikUlsJ¦a .
kayenHÉg
ctuZatuvvdðan ‘213’
kñúgkal«LÚvenH
y¨agenHza
EdlfitenAy¨agNa
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
bursGñk
EdltaMgenAy¨agNa
man
eday
kMNt´za RKan´EtCaZatudUecñHza kñúgkayenH manZatudI ZatuTwk
karsMEdgecjnUvkarcMerIn
nUv
ZatuePøIg Zatuxül´ manóbemyüy¨agdUecñaHÉg ‘1’ ³ .
kiriyakMNt´nUvZatubYn EdlelaksMEdgehIy bnÞab´GMBIGahaer
‘BRgIkesckþIénRBHsURt’
bdikUlsJ¦a za ²vvdðan 1³ dUecñH mkdl´ehIyedaylMdab´ .
‘BaküGZib|aybTmatika’ vinicä&ykñúgbTmatikaenaH bTza ²vvdðan³ :ndl´snñidðan
esckþIénRBHsURtenaHza ²bursGñkBiXateKa ß kUnsisS énbursGñkBiXateKaenaHÉg d*buinRbsb´ EdleKCYleday:y nigézøQñÜl
Kb|Ismøab´nUveKaehIy
rMElkeZVIoeTACacMENk>
edayGMNackarkMNt´eXIjsPav; ‘rbs´va’ . karkMNt´emIl
Gg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn eBalKWRtg´TIkNþal énpøÚvZMTaMgLay
Baküza ²Zatumnsikar
EdleTAkan´TisTaMgLaybYn y¨agNamijç Pikú¡ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr
ZatuTaMg 4 eQμaHza ctuZatuvvdðan .
Zatukmμdðan ctuZatuvvdðan³ edayesckþI KWEtmYyeT . ‘ctuZatuvvdðan 2 y¨ag’ ctuZatuvvdðanenHenaH mkehIy 2 y¨agKW edayseg¡b 1 edayBisþar 1 . ctuZatuvvdðan edayseg¡benaH mkehIy kñúg mhastibdðansURt edayBisþarmkehIykñúgmhahtæibTubmsURt
BicarNanUvkayEdleQμaHza fitenAy¨agNa eRBaHfitenA eday Gakar;ÉNanImYy
én«riyabzTaMgbYn
eQμaHzataMgenAy¨agNa
eRBaHtaMgenAy¨agNaenaHÉg edaykMNt´zaRKan´EtCaZatu y¨ag dUecñHza
kñúgkayenH manZatudI ZatuTwk ZatuePøIg Zatuxül´³ .
1- suÇ TIÇ mÇ PaKTI 17 TMB&rTI 254 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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274
smaZinieTÞs ‘214’ cMENkkñúgmhahtæibTubmsURt mkehIy eday
sYrza; etImanesckþIGZib|aydUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; kal ebIbursGñkBiXateKa ciJ©wmbMb¨neKakþI dwk‘va’ykeTAkan´TIsmøab´
Bisþar
edayGMNacénbuK<lGñkcMerInZatukmμdðan
kþI luHdwkeTAdl´ehIy k*cgeRk[kTuk kñúgTIsmøab´enaHkþI kMBugEt
manR:C\acas´køaeBk y¨agenH KW ;
EdlCaGñkmin
smøab´kþI eXIjeKaRtUv:neKsmøab´ søab´ehIykþIç esckþIsm<al´
²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu bfvIZatuxagkñúg etIdUcemþc/
za ²eKa³ minTan´sabsUnü:t´eT drabNaEdleKminTan´:nBnøH
ZatuNaCaxagkñuúg GaRs&ynwgxøÜn Carbs´rwg Carbs´eRKatRKat
vHva rMElkCacMENk>ç bu¨EnþkalebIrMElkehIy ‘ykeTA’ Gg<úy
EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk
‘lk´’
rEmgsm<al´za
RkckTaMgLay eZμjTaMgLay .l. GaharzμI Gaharcas´ ßk*
esckþInwkKit za ²Gjlk´eKa mnusSTaMgenH
ZatudéTNamYy Caxagkñúg GaRs&ynwgxøÜn Carbs´rwg Carbs´
esckþIsm<al´za
Casac´eTAvij .
²eKa³
eTIb:t´eTA
KWsk´TaMgLay
naMykeKaeTA³ y¨agenH minman dl´bursenaHeLIy . EttamBit
eRKatRKat
bursenaH manesckþIKit ya¨genHza ²Gjlk´sac´ ÉmnusSTaMg
Gayu enHehAza bfvIZatu xagkñúg ‘1’ ³ .
bYsehIykþI
kñúgkalmun
kñúgeBlEdlenACabuzuC¢n
mñalGñkTaMgLayman
nigza ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu Gae:Zatu xagkñúg etI
enH ‘Tij’yksac´eTA³ y¨agNamijç sUm|IkalPikú¡rUbenH enACa RKhsækþI
EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk
eramTaMgLay
dUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaTwk ßman
lág´exøAenAeLIy esckþIsm<al´za ²CastV Caburs CabuK<l³
sPaBRbEhlnwgTwk
EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk
minTan´:t´eTA drabNaEdlPikú¡enaH minTan´BicarNanUvkayenH
esøsμ
ßk*
Ég EdlfitenA y¨agNa EdlxøÜntaMgTukehIy y¨agNa eday
GaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaTwk ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgTwk EdlviJ¦aN
Zatu bMEbkdMuoeTACaEpñk> k*bu¨EnþkalebIPikú¡BicarNa edayZatu
cUleTAkan´yk mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu enHehAza Gae:Zatu
esckþIsm<al´za stV eTIb:t´eTAç citþ rEmgtaMgenA edayza
xagkñúg
RKan´EtCaZatuEtbu¨eNÑaH . RTg´Rtas´za
eRBaHehtudUecñaH eTIbRBHmanRBHPaK
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
bursGñkBiXateKa
.l.
‘2’
TwkmURt
KWRbmat´
ZatudéTNanImYyCaxagkñúg
Edl
³ .
nigza ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu eteCaZatu xagkñúgetI
Edlbiun
dUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynwgxøÜn CaePøIg ß
Rbsb´ .l. Kb|IGg<úyeT[bpøÚvZMEbkCabYn manóbmay¨agNa
mansPaBRbEhlnwgePøIg EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk KWeteCa-
mijç
Zatu EdljúaMgkayoekþAsBV 1 eteCaZatu EdleZVIkay oRKaM
mñalPik¡úTaMgLay
Pikú¡BicarNaeXIjc|as´
Ég .l. ZatudI ZatuTwk ZatuePøIg Zatuxül´³ .
nUvkayenH
1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ PaKTI 21 TMB&rTI 194ç 2- TMB&rTI 200 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
RKa 1 eteCaZatu EdldutkayoRkhl´Rkhay 1 eteCaZatu
rbs´enaHRbRBwtþeTA kñúgxøÜn elakehAza ²bc©tþM³ eRBaHrbs´enaH
sRmab´dutePaCnEdlbuK<lsIu pwk TMBasIu CJ¢k´CJ¢ab´ oRTuD
GaRs&ynUvxøÜnRbRBwtþeTA
eRTam eTAedayRbéB 1 mYyeT[t ZatudéTNanImYy Caxagkñúg
elak eKehAza GZitæI y¨agenaHÉg .
EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn CaePøIg ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgePøIg Edl viJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk
mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu
enHehAza
eteCaZatu xagkñuúg ³ .
etIdUcemþc/ ZatuNaEdlCaxagkñúg EdlGaRs&ynUvxøÜn Caxül´ mansPaBRbEhlnwgxül´
kñúgBYk®sþITaMgLay
EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk
KW
xül´bk´eLIgelI 1 xül´bk´cuHeRkam 1 xül´bk´enAkñúgépÞ KWbk´ xageRkAeBaHev[n 1 xül´bk´kñúgeBaHev[n 1 xül´bk´sBVsB(ag<-
kñúg
bTza ²kk¡LM³ ERbza rwg . bTza ²xriKtM³ ERbza eRKat RKat .
bNþabTTaMg 2 enaH bTTI 1 R:b´nUvlk¡N; bTTI 2
R:b´nUvGakar; . eRBaHbfvIZatu manlk¡N;rwg .
nig za ²mñalGñkTaMgLaymanGayu vaeyaZatu Caxagkñúg
ß
dUcCaBakü
bfvIZatuenaH
manGakar;eRKatRKat eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbelakeBalza ²kk¡LM
xriKtM³ . bTza ²ó:TinñM³ ERbza Rbkan´x¢ab´ GZib|ayza kan´yk Rbkan´x¢ab´ Rbkan´yk y¨agCab´ za Gj za rbs´Gj . bTza ²esyüzITM³ Cani:t .
ni:tenaH manesckþIza
kay 1 xül´dkdegØImcUl nig xül´dkdegØImecj 1 mYyvij
sYrza rbs´enaH etIdUcemþc / . bnÞab´GMBIenaH elakkalsMEdg
eT[t vaeyaZatudéTNanImYy Caxagkñúg GaRs&ynUvxøÜn Caxül´
esckþIsYrenaH eTIbeBalza ²eksa elama³ bu¨eNÑHCaedIm .
ß mansPaBRbEhlnwgxül´ EdlviJ¦aNcUleTAkan´yk mñal GñkTaMgLaymanGayu enHehAza vaeyaZatuxagkñuúg ³ . k*ctuZatuvvdðan kñúgmhahtæibTubmsURtenH y¨agNamij sUm|IkñúgrahuelavaTsURt nig ZatuviPg<sURt k*y¨agenaHEdr .
‘GZib|aykñúgmhahtiæbTubmsURt’ ‘215’
k*kñúgbfvIZatuenH Kb|IRCabza ; bfvIZatu elaksMEdg edayGakar; 20 eRBaHmEnæmmtælugM< ‘xYrkñúgk|al’ .
bfvIZatu
elakse®g<aHehIy kñúgcMENkTaMgLay bI d*ess edaybTza
²yM va bnJ¦m|i kiJ©i³ . ‘Gae:’
enHCaBaküEkbTEdleRCA kñúgRBHsURtenaH . Ca
rbs´Na RCYtRCab KWeTAdl´TIenaH> edayGMNacénkar
bfm bTza ²GCÄtþM bc©tþM³ TaMgBIrenH CaeQμaH énniyks&BÞ .
hUreTA eRBaHehtuenaH rbs´enaH eQμaHza Gae: . rbs´Na eTA
ZmμCatEdlekIt kñúgxøÜn esckþIza GaRs&yenAkñúgsnþanrbs´xøÜn
kñúgGae:TaMgLay EdlmanRbkarepSg> edayGMNacénsmudðan
eQμaHza niyk; .
niyk; enHnu@H
elakehAza ²GCÄtþM³ eRBaH
mankmμsmudðanCaedIm
eRBaHehtuenaH
rbs´enaH
eTIbeQμaHza
visuTÆimK< ERb
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Baküza ²eyn c GsitbItxayitsayitM smμa briNamM
Gae:Kt; ‘RbEhlnwgTwk’ . rbs´enaH :ndl´GVI/ . :ndl´ lk¡N; KWkarRCYtRCab énGae:Zatu .
smaZinieTÞs
Kcäti³ esckþIza rbs´EdlbuK<lsIu man:yCaedImkþI rbs´
‘eteCa’
EdlbuK<lpwk manTwk:n;CaedImkþI rbs´EdlbuK<lTMBasIu man
ePøIg eRBaHGMNacénkareZVIoekþA .
nMGMEbgCaedImkþI rbs´EdlbuK<lCJ¢k´CJ¢ab´ mansVayTMu TwkXMu
vtæúNa eTAehIy kñúgeteCaTaMgLay edayn&yEdl:neBalmk
nig TwkGMeBACaedImkþI enaH rEmgdl´nUvkarrlYyeTA y¨agRsYl
ehIynu@HÉg
GZib|ayza rEmgdl´nUvkarEbgEckeTA edayPav;manrsCaedIm
rbs´EdleQμaHza
eRBaHehtuenaH
vtæúenaH
eTIbeQμaHza
eteCaKt;
‘RbEhlnwgePøIg’ . vtæúenaH :ndl´GVI / . vtæúenaH :ndl´
edayeteCaKt; ÉNamYy .
lk¡N; KWCarbs´EdlekþA .
k*kñúgGakar; 4 y¨agn@uH Gakar; 3 xagedIm maneteCaZatu
Baküza ²eyn c³ esckþIza ragkayenH rEmgekþAsBV KWekItCMhayekþA
Casmudðan Gakar;cugeRkameK mankmμCasmudðanEmnBit .
‘vaeya’
edayPaBCaRKunmanRKunmYyézáCaeTAvijCaedIm
ZmμCatEdleQμaHza vaeya eRBaHGMNacénkarbk´pat´ .
eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYyEdlkMerIkeLIg . Baküza ²eyn c Criyti³ esckþIza ragkayenH Etg RTuDeRTameTA
KWEtgdl´nUvPaBCaGñkman«®nÞIy¾minRKb´RKan´
nUv
vtæúNa eTAkñúgvaeyaTaMgLay edayn&yEdl:neBalmkehIy nu@HÉg eRBaHehtuenaH
vtæúenaH eQμaHza vaeyaKt; ‘RbEhlnwg
PaBGs´kmøaMgkMEhg nig nUvPaBCaGñkmanEs|kRCIvRCYj nigman
xül´’ . vtæúenaH :ndl´GVI / .
sk´s,ÚvCaedIm eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYy .
kMerIk .
Baküza ²eyn c CbriTyØti³ esckþIza ragkayenH Etg Rkhl´Rkhay eRBaHeteCaKt;ÉNamYyEdlkMerIkehIy . k*
vtæúenaH :ndl´lk¡N; KWkar
Baküza ²óTÆg<ma vata³ KWxül´Edlbk´eTAxagelI júaMg Gakar;maneRKI nig RteGIkCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA . Baküza ²GeZa
GatμaGjekþAEmn³
Kma vata³ KWxül´Edlbk´cuHmkeRkam naMykóc©ar; nig bsSav;
R:zñacg´:nnUvzñaMsMrab´Büa:lkMedA mansteZatsb|I ‘TwkedaH
CaedImoecjmk . bTza ²kucäisya vata³ KWxül´enAxageRkA
zøaEdleKrMgas´ehIyykeTARtaMTwk> mYyrydg’ nUveKasItcnÞn¾
eBaHev[n . bTza ²ekadðasya vata³ KWxül´xagkñúgeBaHev[n .
‘eRbgc&nÞn¾ EdleKpSMedayTwkedaHeKa’ CaedIm nig nUvxül´Edl
bTza
bk´ecjGMBIZagetñatpg .
sB(ag<kaytUcZMM kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl tamExSsrésQam júaMgkar
buK<lenaH
knÞk´kenÞjza
²GatμaGjekþAEmn
²Gg<mg<asnusariena
vata³
KWxül´Edlbk´eTAtamsBV
visuTÆimK< ERb
279
280
smaZinieTÞs
bt´ nig karlatecj ‘nUvGvyv;’ CaedIm oekIteLIg . bTza
xagsRmab´Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\aminsUvxøaMgkøavij kalebIeZVITukkñúgcitþ
²GsSaesa³ :ndl´ xül´dkdegØImcUleTABÆd*xagkñúg . bTza
y¨agdUecñHç kmμdðan rEmgggwtGnÆkar minR:kdc|as´´ . Tal´Et
²bsSaesa³ :ndl´ xül´dkdegØImecjeTAxageRkA .
Pikú¡enaHeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayBisþar edayn&ymun eTIbkmμdðanR:kd
k*kñúgxül´ 6 y¨agenH xül´ 5 xagedIm Cactusmudðan
c|as´ . esckþIenH manóbmay¨agdUcemþc/ . manóbmaza kal
‘KWmancitþ kmμ rdUv nig GaharCasmudðan’ xül´GsSas; nig
ebIPikú¡ 2 rUb sVaZüay nUvviZIEdlmanebyüaleRcInç Pikú¡Gñkman
bsSas; mancitþCasmudðanEtmüa¨g .
bJ¦axøaMgkøa júaMgebyüalmux oBisþar mYycb´ ß BIrcb´ehIy
edaybTza ²yM va bnJ¦m|ikiJ©i³ enH KWelakse®g<aH Gae:ZatuCaedIm kñúgcMENkd*essTaMgLay kñúgnieTÞsTaMgBYg . edayRbkardUceBalmkenH ZatuTaMg4 KWelakeZVIoBisþar ehIy edayGakar;TaMgLay 42 KW bfvIZatu edayGakar; 20 Gae:Zatu edayGakar 12 eteCaZatu edayGakar; 4 vaeyaZatu edayGakar; 6 y¨aenHÉg . enHCakarBN(naesckþIén:lI kñúg ctuZatuvvdðanenaH Cabfm .
cMENkvinicä&y
kñúgPavnan&y
kaleZVInUvkarsVaZüay
edayGMNacénTIbMputTaMgBIr
hñwgÉg eTAç bNþaPik¡T ú aMg 2 rUb enaH Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\aminxøaMgkøa nwgCaGñkeBal y¨agenHza ²enaHKWCakarsVaZüayGVI minTan´:n eZVIoRtwmEtbbUrmat´b¨HBal´Kñapgç kalebIeZVIkarsVaZüayEbbenH eBlNaeTA viZIEbbbT nwgsÞat´CMnaj:n³ . Pikú¡enaH júaMg ebyüalmuxEdlmkdl´ehIy>
oBisþarPøam>
ehIyeZVInUvkar
sVaZüayç Pikú¡eRkABIenH k*eBaleTAkan´Pikú¡rUbenaH y¨agenHza ²nu@H KWCakarsVaZüayGVI minTan´:ndl´TIbMputpg kaleZVIkarsVaZüay
‘Pavnan&y y¨agseg¡b’ ‘216’
bnÞab´mk
kñúgZatukmμdðanenH
y¨agenH
eBlNaeTA reb[bEbbbT nwgdl´nUvTIbMput:n³ dUecñH
bNÐitKb|IRCabdUcteTAenH . sRmab´Pikú¡GñkmanR:C\axøaMgkøa kar
y¨agNamijç karkMNt´Zatu edayBisþar edayGMNacénGakar;
kMNt´ZatuedayBisþarza ²sk´TaMgLayCaZatudI eramTaMgLayCa
mansk´CaedIm rEmgR:kd yWtyUr sRmab´Pikú¡GñkmanbJ¦axøaMg
ZatudI³ y¨agenHCaedIm rEmgR:kd edayyWtyUr . bu¨EnþkalebI
køaç kalebIPikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayseg¡b tamn&yza ²vtæú
Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþza ²vtæúNa manlk¡N;rwg vtæúenH KWZatudIç
Na manlk¡N;rwg vtæúenH KWZatudI³ dUecñHCaedImç kmμdðan eTIb
vtæúNa manlk¡N;ravRCYtRCab vtæúenH KWZatuTwkç vtæúNa man
R:kdç cMENkxagPikú¡eRkABIenH kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ y¨agdUecñaHEdr
lk¡N;ekþA vtæúenH KWZatuePøIgç vtæúNa manlk¡N;kMerIkeTA:n
kmμdðan rEmgggwtGnÆkar minR:kdc|as´ç kalebIPikú¡enaH eZVITuk
vtæúenH KWZatuxül´³ dUecñHç
kñúgcitþ edayBisþar edayGMNacénGakar;mansk´CaedIm kmμdðan
kmμdðan rEmgR:dkc|as´ .
cMENk
visuTÆimK< ERb
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282
smaZinieTÞs
TaMgLayenaH edayédKWjaNEdlsÞúHeTAtamcenøaH> énekadðas
rEmgR:kdc|as´ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
‘viZIcMerInZatukmμdðansMrab´Pikú¡GñkmanbJ¦akøa’
enaH> ehIykMNt´nUvZatuTaMgLay tamn&yxagedImenaHÉg za
eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡GñkmanbJ¦axøaMgkøa CaGñkR:zñanwgcMerIn
²PaBCarbs´rwgkþI PaBCarbs´rwgmaMkþI ÉNa kñúgekadðasTaMgLay
kmμdðanenH CadMbUg Kb|IeTAkñúgTIsáat´ BYnsmáM BicarNanUvrUbkay
enH enHKWCaZatudI³ dUecñHCaedIm ehIynwkCJ¢wgrMBwgKit eZVITukkñúg
rbs´xøÜnTaMgmUl ehIykMNt´nUvZatuTaMgLay edayseg¡b y¨ag
citþ BicarNa edayzaRKan´EtCaZatu minEmnCastV minEmnCaCIv;
enHza ²PaBCarbs´rwgkþI PaBCarbs´rwgmaMkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúg
za ²ZatudI ZatuTwk³ dUecñHCaedIm o:ner]y> .
kayenH
enHKWZatudIç PaBCarbs´RCYtRCabeTA:nkþI PaBCarbs´
Büayam y¨agdUecñaHç smaZi EdlbJ¦abMPøWnUvPaBepSgKñaénZatu
ravkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enHKWZatuTwkç PaBCarbs´eqHkIþ
kMNt´ykehIy CasmaZi mindl´nUvGb|na :nRtwmEtóbcar;
PaBCarbs´ekþA ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enHKWZatuePøIgç PaBCa
eRBaHCasmaZiEdlmansPavZm(CaGarmμN¾ rEmgekIteLIg eday
rbs´bk´e:kkþI PaBCarbs´kMerIkkþI ÉNa ‘man’ kñúgkayenH enH
minyWtyUreLIy .
kalebIPikú¡enaH
KWZatuxül´³ dUecñH ehIyKb|InwkrMBwgeZVITukkñúgcitþ BicarNa eday
enHCaPavnan&y kñúgctuZatuvvdðanEdlmkehIyedayseg¡b .
zaRKan´EtCaZatu minEmnCastV minEmnCaCIv; za ²ZatudI ZatuTwk³
‘vitæarn&y’
dUecñHCaedIm o:ner]y> . kalebIPikú¡enaH Büayam y¨agdUecñH smaZi
EdlbJ¦abMPøWnUvPaBepSgKñaénZatu
kMNt´ykehIy
Ca
smaZi mindl´nUvGb|na :nRtwmEtóbcar; eRBaHCasmaZiEdl
‘217’ cMENkPavnan&y kñúgctuZatuvvdðan EdlmkehIy edayBisþar bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH . k*RBHeyaKI
GñkmanbJ¦aminxøaMgkøa
R:zñanwgcMerInkmμdðanenH
mansPavZm(CaGarmμN¾ rEmgekIteLIg edayminyWtyUreLIy .
Kb|Ier[nyknUvZatuTaMgLay edayBisþar edayGakar;TaMgLay
ßebImindUecñaHeT ekadðas ‘cMENk’ TaMgLay 4 enHÉNa
42 kñúgsMNak´énGacarü ehIyenAkñúgTIesnasn; manRbkardUc
EdlRBHZmμesnabtI eBalehIy edIm|IdMEdgnUvPaBénmhaPUtrUb
eBalmkehIy eZVIkic©TaMgBYgo:nseRmc eTAkñúgTIsáat´ BYnsmáM
TaMg 4 minEmnCastV za ²Gakas EdlGaRs&yqÁwgxøH GaRs&y
Kb|IcMerInkmμdðan edayGakar;TaMgLay 4 y¨agdUecñH za ³eday
srésxøH GaRs&ysac´xøH GaRs&yEs|kxøH rYbrYmCamYyKñaehIy
ssmÖarseg¡b ‘seg¡bekadðasTaMgLaycUlCaBYk> tamGakar;
eTIbehAza rUb:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñaHÉg . Pikú¡ Kb|IcMENknUvekadðas
énZatuenaH>’ edayssmÖarviPtþi ‘cMENkekadðasénZatuTaMgenaH>
1- suÇ mÇ mUÇ
PaKTI 21 TMB&rTI 211 .
kMNt´Gakar; edayELkGMBIKña’
edayslk¡Nseg¡b ‘seg¡b
visuTÆimK< ERb ekadðasTaMgLaycUlCaBYk>
tamlk¡N;énZatuenaH>’
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284
eday
edayvaca
smaZinieTÞs nUvGakarTaMgLay
mantcbJ©k;CaedIm
kñúgGakar;
slk¡NviPtþi ‘cMENkekadðasénZatuenaH> kMNt´lk¡N;eday
32
ELkGMBIKña’³ .
manEtbu¨eNÑHÉg . KWsUm|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvGakar;TaMgLay man
‘cMerInedayssmÖarseg¡b’
TaMgedayGnuelam nig bdielam .
cMENkesckþIepSgKña
sk´CaedIm edayGMNacB(N RTg´RTay Okas nig briecäT kñúg
kñúgGakar;TaMg 4 enaH cMerIn edayssmÖarseg¡b etIdUc
kayKtastienaH RtUvtMkl´citþTuk edayGMNacénbdikUlç kñúg
emþc/ . Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH kMNt´ykGakar;rwg kñúgekadðas
ZatuvvdðanenH RtUvtMkl´citþTuk edayGMNacénZatu . eRBaHehtu
20 za ²bfvIZatu³ kMNt´ykGakar;RCYtRCab EdlCarbs´rav
enaH eyaKavcrPikú¡ luHeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvGakarTaMgLamansk´CaedIm
eBalKWTwk kñúgekadðas 12 za ²Gae:Zatu³ kMNt´ykkMedAEdl
eday‘mYyRkum’R:M> edayGMNacénB(NCaedImehIy kñúgTIbMput
CaeRK]gdut kñúgekadðas 4 za ²eteCaZatu³ kMNt´ykGakar;bk´
Kb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA dUcteTAenH KW ; . ‘bfvIekadðas’
e:keTAmk kñúgekadðas 6 za ²vaeyaZatu³ . kalebIPikú¡enaH kMNt´ y¨agdUecñaHÉgç
ZatuTaMgLay k*rEmgR:kd .
‘eksa’
kalebI
Pikú¡enaH rMBwgKit eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgLayenaHer]y> óbcar-
Zmμta sk´TaMgLayenH ekItehIy Rtg´Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆ
smaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIyenaHÉg .
nUvllad¾k|al . kñúgEs|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|alCamYynwgsk´
k*bu¨EnþebIPikú¡Na cMerIny¨agdUecñaH kmμdðan min:nseRmcç Pikú¡enaH
TaMgLayenaH Es|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|al mindwgeLIyza sk´
Kb|IcMerIn edayssmÖarviPtþicuH .
TaMgLay ekItehIyelIGjç Ésk´TaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza Gj
‘cMerInedayssmÖarviPtþi’ cMerIn edayssmÖarviPtþi etIdUcemþc/ . KWCadMbUg Pikú¡enaH
ekItehIy elIEs|kEdlrMuB&TÆllad¾k|al eRb[bdUcCa kñúgesμA d*lÁitTaMgLay EdlekItehIy elIk|aldMbUk k|aldMbUk k*min
Kb|IeZVInUvóK<hekasl ‘KWsÞat´CMnajkñúgkarer[nyk’ 7 Rbkar
dwgza
nig mnsikarekasl ‘KWsÞat´CMnaj kñúgkareZVITukkñúgcitþ’ 10
d*lÁitTaMgLay k*mindwgpgEdrza GjekItehIy elIk|aldMbUk
Rbkar Edl:neBalmkehIy kñúgkayKtastikmμdðannieTÞsTaMg
y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
Gs´ minosabsUnü ehIyeZVIviZIEdleBalehIy kñúgkayKta-
BicarNadl´KñanwgKña . Zmμtask´TaMgLay Caekadðas EpñkmYy
stikmμdðannieTÞsenaH RKb´y¨ag
kñúgsrIr;enH
cab´epþImtaMgEtGMBIkarsVaZüay
esμAd*lÁitTaMgLy
ekItehIy
elIGjç
cMENkÉesμA
Zm(TaMgLaynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig kar
minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü
minEmnstV
visuTÆimK< ERb
285
Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
286
smaZinieTÞs
R:scakkarrMBwgKit nigkarBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaRkck
‘elama’
TaMgLay CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna
‘218’ eramTaMgLay ekItehIy elIEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; . bNþaEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; nig eramTaMgLayenaH Es|krMuB&TÆsrIr; min
CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday RbkardUecñHÉg .
‘Tnþa’
dwgza eramTaMgLay ekItehIy elIGjç cMENkÉeramTaMgLay k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj ekItehIyelIEs|krMuB&TÆsrIr; eRb[bdUcCa kñúgesμArNþasTaMgLay
EdlekIt
Rtg´TIkEnøgpÞHEdlsáat´
eZμjTaMgLay ekItehIy Rtg´qÁwgcg,arTaMgLay . bNþa
TI
qÁwgcg,ar nig eZμjTaMgLayenaH qÁwgcg,ar mindwgza eZμjTaMg
kEnøgpÞHEdlsáat´ k*mindwgza esμArNþas ekItehIy elIGjç
Lay ekItehIy elIGjç cMENkÉeZμjTaMgLay k*mindwgpg
cMENkÉesμArNþasesat k*mindwgpgEdrza GjekItehIy Rtg´
Edrza Gj ekItehIy kñúgqÁwgcg,arTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa kñúg
kEnøgpÞHEdlsáat´ y¨agdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgnu@H R:scakkarrMBwg
ssrEdlBYkCageQITaMgLay
Kit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaeramTaMgLay Ca
ehIy
cMENkmYyedayELk
ssrTaMgLay taMgenAehIy elIGjç cMENkÉssrTaMgLay
kñúgsrIr;enH
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt
vij
esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu dUecñHÉg .
‘nxa’
labedayC&rsÁit
dak´eTAkñúgreNþAzμTaMgLay
k*mindwgpgEdrza
Gj
reNþATaMgLay
taMgenAehIy
ÉNanImYy mindwgza
kñúgreNþATaMgLay
y¨agdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMgn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig kar
RkckTaMgLay ekItehIy elIcugénRmamédTaMgLay .
BicarNaeTAvijeTAmk
.
ZmμtaeZμjTaMgLay
CacMENkepSg
bNþaRmaméd nig RkckTaMgLayenaH RmamédTaMgLay mindwgza
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü
RkckTaMgLay ekItehIyelIcugrbs´Gjç ÉRkckTaMgLayvij
minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj ekItehIy elIcugRmamédTaMgLay eRb[b
‘teca’
dUcCa nakalkumarTaMgLay ykeQIeTAedat RKab´mak´sagTaMg
Es|k rMuB&TÆsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIytaMgenA . bNþasrIr; nig
Lay ehIyelgç eQITaMgLay mindwgza RKab´mak´sag Cab´
Es|kTaMgenaH srIr; mindwgza Gj KWEs|krMuB&TÆehIyç cMENÉ
ehIyelIGjç
Es|kvij k*mindwgpgEdrza srIr; RtUvGjrMuB&TÆehIy eRb[bdUcCa
Cab´ehIy
cMENkÉRKab´mak´sag
k*mindwgpgEdrza
elIeQITaMgLay y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
Gj
Zm(TaMgLaynu@H
bNþaBiNZM EdlrMuB&TÆedayEs|keKaTTwk BiNZM mindwgza Gj
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
RtUvEs|keKaTTwk rMuB&TÆehIyç cMENkEs|keKaTTwk k*mindwgpg
eQICJ¢aMgTaMgLayEdleKcgedayvløi¾TaMgLay eQICJ¢aMgTaMg
Edrza BiNZM RtUvGjrMuB&TÆehIy y¨agdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMg
Lay mindwgza Gj RtUvvløi¾TaMgLay rYbrwtehIyç cMENkvløi¾
n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμta
TaMgLayvij k*mindwgpgEdrza eQICJ¢aMgTaMgLay RtUvGjrYb
Es|k CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna Ca
rwtehIy y¨agdUecñaHÉg . Zm(TaMgLaynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit
GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday
nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtasrésTaMgLayCacMENk
RbkardUecñHÉg .
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü
‘mMsM’ sac´ bUklabtameRKagqÁwg ehIytaMgenA . bNþasac´
minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘GdðI’
nig eRKagqÁwgTaMgenaH eRKagqÁwgmindwgza Gj RtUvRbePTénsac´
bNþaqÁwgTaMgLay qÁwgEkgeCIgRTnUvqÁwgkeCIgehIyfitenAç
900 dMu bUklabehIyç cMENkÉsac´vij k*mindwgEdrza eRKag
qÁwgkeCIg RTnUvCg<g´ehIyfitenAç qÁwgCg<g´ RTnUvqÁwgePøAehIyfit
qÁwg RtUvGjbUklabehIy eRb[bdUcCa bNþaCJ¢aMgpÞHEdleKbUk
enAç qÁwgePøARTnUvqÁwgceg,HehIyfitenAç qÁwgceg,HRTnUvqÁwgxñgehIy
labehIy edaydIsÁitdMuZM CJ¢aMg mindwgza Gj RtUvdIsÁitdMud*ZM
fitenAç qÁwgxñg RTnUvqÁwg-k ehIyfitenAç qÁwg-k RTnUvqÁwgk|al
bUkehIyç cMENkÉdIsÁitdMuZMvij k*mindwgpgEdrza CJ¢aMg RtUv
ehIyfitenAç qÁwgk|al fitenAelIqÁwg-kç qÁwg-k fitenAelIqÁwg
GjbUkehIy y¨agdUecñaHÉg . ZmμtaZm(TaMgn@uH R:scakkar
xñgç qÁwgxñg fitenAelIqÁwgceg,Hç qÁwgceg,H fitenAelIqÁwgePøAç qÁwg
rMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtasac´ CacMENk
ePøA fitenAelIqÁwgCg<g´ç qÁwgCg<g´ fitenAelIqÁwgkeCIgç qÁwgkeCIg
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaH
fitenAelIqÁwgEkgeCIg . bNþaqÁwgTaMgenaH qÁwgEkgeCIg mindwgza
sUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
Gj RTnUvqÁwgkeCIg ehIyfitenAç cMENkqÁwgkeCIg k*mindwgEdr
‘srés’
za Gj RTnUvqÁwgCg<g´ ehIyfitenAç qÁwgCg<g´ k*mindwgza Gj RT
srésTaMgLay rYbrwtqÁwgTaMgLay taMgenA kñúgcenøaH én
nUvqÁwgePøA ehIyfitenAç qÁwgePøA k*mindwgza Gj RTnUvqÁwgceg,H
srIr; . bNþasrés nigqÁwgTaMgenaH qÁwgTaMgLaymindwgza Gj
ehIyfitenAç qÁwgceg,H k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwgxñg ehIyfit
RtUvsrésTaMgLayrYbrwtehIyç cMENkÉsrésTaMgLay k*min
enAç qÁwgxñg k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwg-k ehIyfitenAç qÁwg-k
dwgpgEdrza qÁwgTaMgLay RtUvGjrYbrwtehIy eRb[bdUcCa bNþa
k*mindwgEdrza Gj RTnUvqÁwgk|al ehIyfitenAç qÁwgk|al k*min
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
dwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwg-kç qÁwg-k k*mindwgEdrza Gj fit
Lay manbMBg´b\sSICaedIm y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLay
enAelIqÁwgxñgç qÁwgxñg k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgceg,Hç qÁwg
n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμta
ceg,H k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgePøAç qÁwgePøA k*mindwgEdrza
xYrkñúgqÁwg CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna
Gj fitenAelIqÁwgCg<g´ç qÁwgCg<g´ k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelI
CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday
qÁwgkeCIgç qÁwgkeCIg k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAelIqÁwgEkgeCIg
RbkardUecñHÉg .
‘vk,M’
eRb[bbIdUcCabNþaRsTab´énvtæú man«dð eQI nig eKam&yCaedIm vtæúEdlenAxageRkam>
mindwgza
RTRTg´nUvvtæúEdlenAxag
Tac CadMusac´EdlCab´CamYynwgsrésZM edImmanEtmYy
elI> ehIyfitenAç cMENkÉvtæúEdlenAxagelI> k*mindwgEdrza
srés ecjGMBIbMBg´keTAbnþic k*EbkCa 2 srés rMusac´ebHdUg
Gj
sPavZm(TaMg
ehIyfitenA . bNþasrésZM nig TacenaH srésZM mindwg za
Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .
Tac Cab´rMuB&TÆ edayGjç cMENkÉTac k*mindwgEdrza Gj rMuB&TÆ
ZmμtaqÁwg CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna
srésZM eRb[bdUcCa bNþaEpøsVayePøaH EdlCab´CamYynwgTg
CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday
Tgmindwgza EpøsVayePøaH Cab´edaysaGjç cMENkEpøsVayePøaH
RbkardUecñHÉg .
k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj Cab´edaysaTg y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPav-
fitenAelIvtæúxageRkam>
Gj
y¨agdUecñaHÉg
.
‘GdðimiJ¢M’
Zm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTA
xYrkñúgqÁwg fitenARtg´cenøaHxagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLayenaH> .
mk . ZmμtaTac CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minman
bNþaqÁwg nig xYrTaMgenaH qÁwgTaMgLay mindwgza xYr fitenAehIy
citþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu
BÆd*xagkñúgGjç cMENkÉxYrvij k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy
edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘hTyM’
BÆd*xagkñúg énqÁwgTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa bNþabNþÚlTaMgLay manbNþÚlepþA EdleKRsuHehIyCaedIm RtUveKRckcUleTA BÆd*
ebHdUg GaRs&yRtg´kNþaleRKag énqÁwgedImRTUg fitenA
xagkñúg énbMBg´TaMgLaymanbMBg´b\sSICaedIm vtæúmanbMBg´b\sSI
BÆd*xagkñúgénsrIr; . bNþaBÆd*xagkñúgeRKagénqÁwgRTUg nig ebHdUg
CaedIm mindwgza bNþÚlepþATaMgLay KWeKRckehIy kñúgGjç É
enaH BÆd*xagkñúgeRKagénqÁwgedImRTUg mindwgza ebHdUg fitenA:n
bNþÚlepþATaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza
eRBaHGaRs&yGjç
Gj fitenAehIy kñúgvtæúTaMg
cMENkÉebHdUg k*mindwgEdrza
Gj fitenA
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
:n eRBaHGaRs&yxagkñúg éneRKagénqÁwgedImRTUg eRb[bbIdUcCa
esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñH.
bNþadMusac´ EdlbuK<ltMkl´Tuk GaRs&yxagkñúgéneRKagénEsñg
‘kielamkM’
sRmab´EsgEdlcas´ xagkñúgéneRKagénEsñgEsgEdlcas´ min
bNþavavTaMgLay vavEdlkM:Mg rYbrwtnUvebHdUgpg nUv
dwgza dMusac´ RtUvbuK<ltMkl´Tuk eRBaHGaRs&yGjç cMENkÉdMu
Tacpg ehIyfitenAç vavEdlminkM:Mg rMusac´xageRkam énEs|k
sac´ k*mindwgEdrza xagkñúgéneRKagénEsñgEsg RtUvbuK<ltMkl´
kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ehIyfitenA .
Tuk eRBaHGaRs&yGj y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH
srIr;TaMgmUlenaH Tac ebHdUg nig sac´ kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUlenaH
R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaebH
mindwgza Gj RtUvbiT:MgehIy edayvavç vav k*mindwgza Tac
dUg
Ca
ebHdUg nig sac´kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl RtUvGjbiT:MgehIy eRb[b
GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday
bIdUcCa nakalsac´ EdlbuK<lykkMNat´sMBt´x©b´ehIy sac´
RbkardUecñHÉg .
mindwgza
CacMENkepSgedayELk
kñúgsrIr;enH
minmanectna
‘yknM’
Gj
RtUveKx©b´ehIy
CMnMuTac ebHdUg nig sac´ kñúg
edaykMNat´sMBt´ç
cMENkÉ
kMNat´sMBt´ k*mindwgpgEdrza sac´ RtUveKx©b´ehIy edayGj
ezøIm fitenAehIy GaRs&ynUvCMeh[gxagsþaM BÆd*xagkñúg
y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig
énedaHTaMgBIr xagkñúgénsrIr; . bNþaCMeh[gxagsþaM BÆd*xagkñúg
karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtavav CacMENkepSgedayELk
énedaH nig ezøImenaH CMeh[gxagsþaM kñúgxagkñúgénedaHTaMgLay
kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV
mindwgza ezøImfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&yGjç cMENkÉezøImvij
Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘bihkMM’
k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&yCMeh[gxagsþaM kñúg xagkúñgénedaHTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCabNþadMusac´ePøaH EdlCab´enA Rtg´TIxagénGMEbgqñaMg
TIxagénGMEbgqñaMg
mindwgza
dMusac´ePøaH
RkBH fitenA GaRs&ynUvxagénk|aléndM:reBaH Rtg´xag eqVg énebHdUg .
nakaldMu:yG EdlbuK<ldak´ehIy GaRs&y
Cab´enAelIGjç cMENkÉdMusac´ePøaH k*mindwgEdrza GjCab´enA
nUvxagkMBUlénCRguk TIxagkMBUlénCRguk mindwgza dMu:yG fit
Rtg´TIxagénGMEbgqñaMg
sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH
enAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkdMu:yG k*mindwgEdrza
R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaezøIm
Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvxagkMBUlénCRguk y¨agNa
CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH
mijç
y¨agdUecñaHÉg
.
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt
bNþaTIxagelIdM:reBaHxageqVg nig RkBHenaH TIxagk|al
visuTÆimK< ERb
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éndM:reBaH mindwgza RkBH fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç
294
smaZinieTÞs eBaHev[nZM fitenA kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr; Rtg´TIbMput énsnÞH
cMENkÉRkBH k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUv
bMBg´k nig pøÚvénGaharcas´ .
TIxagénkMBUléndM:reBaH k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
sPavZm(TaMgLay
ev[nZMenaH TIxagkñúgénsrIr; mindwgza eBaHev[nZM fitenA elIGjç
n@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμta
cMENkÉeBaHev[nZM k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenA kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr;
RkBH CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna Ca
eRb[bdUcCa nakalsaksBénBs´ mank|alKWbuK<lkat´ehIy
GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu eday
EdleKdak´bMeBn kñúgsñÚkénQamç sñÚkénQam mindwgza sak
RbkardUecñHÉg .
sBénBs´ fitenAelIGjç cMENkÉsaksBénBs´ k*mindwgEdr
‘b:ösM’
bNþaTIxagkñúgénsrIr; nig eBaH
za Gj fitenA kñúgsñÚkénQam y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
sPavZm(TaMg
sYt biT:MgxagelIebHdUgpg ezøImpg enARtg´cenøaH én
Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .
edaHTaMgBIr kñúgxagkñúgénsrIr; ehIysMyugcuH fitenA . nakal
ZmμtaeBaHev[nZM CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minman
sMbukénstVsøab z¬k´BüÜr kñúgxagkñúgénCRgukcas´ TIxagkñúg én
citþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu
CRgukcas´ mindwgza sMbukénstVsøab kalz¬k´ehIyfitenA elI
edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘GnþKuNM’
Gjç cMENkÉsMbukstVsøab k*mindwgEdrza Gj kalz¬k´ehIy fitenA kñúgxagkñúgénCRgukcas´ y¨agNamijç bNþaTIxagkñúg én
eBaHev[ntUc B&TÆB&nÆ nUvpñt´éneBaHev[nZMTaMgLay 21 pñt´
srIr; nig sYtenaH TIxagkñúgénsrIr; mindwgza sYt kalz¬k´
Rtg´cenøaHéneBaHev[nZM ehIyfitenA . nakalExSTaMgLayEdl
ehIy fitenAelIGjç cMENksYt k*mindwgEdrza Gj kalz¬k´
xÞas´nUvrgVg´énExSsMrab´eCIg ehIyfitenAç cgVayExSsMrab´CUteCIg
ehIy fitenA kñúgxagkñúgsrIr; mansPaBEbbenH y¨agenaHEdr .
mindwgza ExSTaMgLaycak´ERsHnUveyIg ehIyfitenAç cMENkExS
sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTA
TaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza eyIgcak´ERsHnUvvgVg´énExSsMrab´CUteCIg
vijeTAmk . ZmμtasYt CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH
ehIyfitenA y¨agNamijç bNþaeBaHev[nZM nig eBaHev[ntUcenaH
minmanectna
eBaHev[nZM mindwgza eBaHev[ntUc cgTUeTAnUvGj ehIyfitenAç
CaGBüaRkwt
esaHsUnü
CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘GnþM’
minEmnstV
Carbs´rwg
cMENkÉeBaHev[ntUc
k*mindwgEdrza
Gj
cgTUeTAnUveBaHev[nZM
ehIyfitenA k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaeBaHev[ntUc
Gaharcas´ k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRkBHénóc©ar;
CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt
k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig
sUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk
‘óTriyM’
.
ZmμtaGaharcas´
CacMENkepSg
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü
vtæúEdleKsIu pwk TMBasIu CJ¢k´CJ¢ab´ fitenA kñúgeBaH
minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘mtælug<M’
eQμaHza GaharzμI . bNþaeBaH nig GaharzμIenaH eBaH mindwgza GaharzμI fitenAelIGjç cMENkÉGaharzμI k*mindwgEdrza Gj
xYrkñúgk|al fitenA kñúgxagkúñg énllad¾k|al . bNþa
fitenA kñúgeBaH eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalkMGYténEq, EdlfitenAehIy
xagkñúgénllad¾k|al nig xYrkñúgk|alenaH TIxagkñúgénllad¾
kñúgsñÚkénEq,ç sñÚkénEq, mindwgza kMGYténEq, fitenAehIyelIGjç
k|al mindwgza xYrkñúgk|al fitenAehIy elIGjç cMENkxYrkñúg
cMENkÉkMGYténEq, k*mindwgza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsñÚkénEq,
k|al k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgxagkñúgénllad¾
y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig
k|al eRb[bdUcCa nakaldMuénemSA EdlbuK<lRckehIykñúgsMbk
karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaGaharzμI CacMENkepSgeday
eXøakcas´ç llad¾eXøak mindwgza duMénemSA fitenAehIy elI
ELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmn
Gjç cMENkdMuénemSA k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsMbk
stV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
eXøak y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwg
‘krIsM’
Kit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaxYrkñúgk|al CacMENk
Gaharcas´ fitenAkñúgTIbMputéneBaHev[nZM R:kdesμIeday zñaMgénb\sSI 8 Zñab´ eBalKWRkBHénGaharcas´ . nakaldIsÁit
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmanectna CaGBüaRkwt esaH sUnü minEmnstV Carbs´rwg CabfvIZatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
manB(Nel]gd*Tn´ EdlbuK<lRc:c´ ehIyRckeTAkñúgzñaMgb\sSIç
‘Gae:ekadðas’
zñaMgénb\sSI mindwgza dIsÁitmanB(Nel]g fitenAehIyelIeyIgç
‘bitþM’
cMENkÉdIsÁitvij k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgzñaMg én
bNþaRbmat´TaMgLay Rbmat´«teRsam RCYtRCabnUvsrIr;
b\sSI y¨agNamijç bNþaRkBHóc©ar; nig Gaharcas´enaH RkBH
TaMgmUl
énóc©ar; mindwgza Gaharcas´ fitenAehIy elIeyIgç
eRsamfitenAehIy kñúgeRsaménRbmat´ . nakaleRbgRCYtRCab
cMENkÉ
Cab´cMeBaHehIynUvCIviti®nÞIy¾
ehIyfitenAç
Rbmat´man
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
nUvnMehIyfitenAç nMmindwgza eRbgRCYtRCabnUvGj ehIyfitenAç
fitenAehIy elIGjç cMENkÉesøsμ k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenA
cMENkeRbg k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCabnUvnM ehIyfitenA y¨ag
ehIykñúgdM:reBaH k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s
Namijç bNþasrIr; nig Rbmat´«teRsam nig Rbmat´maneRsam
cakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaesøsμ Ca
enaH srIr; mindwgza Rbmat´«teRsamRCYtRCabGj ehIyfitenAç
cMENkepSgedayELk
cMENkÉRbmat´«teRsam k*mindwgEdrza Gj RCYtRCabnUvsrIr;
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca
ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . ‘mYyeT[t’ nakalsajénnenag
Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
kñúgsrIr;enH
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt
‘bueBVa’
EdleBjehIy edayTwk kñúgrdUvePø{gç sMbknenagsaj mindwg za TwkkñúgrdUvePø{g fitenAehIy kñúgGjç cMENkTwkkñúgrdUvePø{g
xÞúH BMumanOkasenARbcaMeLIy kñúgsrIrb|eTsNa> Edl
k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgsMbknenag y¨agNamijç
RtUvvtæúTaMgLay mandg<t´RcM bnøamut nig GNþatePøIgCaedIm b¨H
eRsaménRbmat´ mindwgza Rbmat´maneRsamfitenAehIy kñúgGjç
Tg<icehIyç Qam XaMgenAehIy k*xUceTAç müa¨geT[t eraKTaMg
cMENkRbmat´maneRsam k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúg
LaymanBk nig rlkEkvCaedIm rEmgekIteLIg k*fitenA kñúg
eRsaménRbmat´ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s
srIrb|eTsenaH>Ég . nakaleQImanC&rhUrecjehIy eday
cakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaRbmat´
GMNacénkarRbhar edayb¨UvezACaedImç RbeTsmankarRbharCa
CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt
edIméneQI mindwgza C&rfitenAehIy elIeyIgTaMgLayç cMENk
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca
C&r k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRbeTsmankarRbharCa
Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
edIm énedImeQI y¨agNamijç bNþasrIrb|eTsEdlRtUvdg<t´
‘esmMØ’
nig bnøaCaedIm b¨HTg<ic nig xÞúHenaH RbeTsénsrIr;EdlRtUvdg<t´
esøsμ manRbmaNeBjmYyTUkéd fitenA kñúgdM:reBaH .
nig bnøaCaedIm b¨HTg<icehIy mindwgza xÞúH fitenAehIy elIBYk
nakalGNþÚgénRCaM mandMuénRkEBg EdlekItkñúgxagelIç GNþÚg
eyIgç cMENkxÞúH k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgRbeTsTaMg
énRCaM mindwgza dMuénRkEBgTwk fitenAehIyelIGjç ÉRkEBgTwk
LayenaH k*y¨agenaHEdr .
k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgGNþÚgénRCaM y¨agNamijç
rMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaxÞúHCacMENkepSg
bNþadM:reBaH
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH
nig esøsμTaMgenaH dM:reBaH mindwgza esøsμ
sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkar
minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü min
visuTÆimK< ERb
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smaZinieTÞs
‘eseTa’
EmnCastV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
ejIs bMeBjcenøaHénreNþA énsk´ nig eram ehIyfitenA
‘elahitM’
xøH hUrecjmk kñúgeBlTaMgLay maneBlEdlekþAsBV eday
bNþaQamTaMgLay sMsrNelahit ‘QamEdlrt´eTA
ePøIgCaedImxøH . kñúgRbehagreNþAsk´ nig eram CamYynwgejIs
mk’ RCYtRCabsrIr;TaMgmUl dUcCaRbmat´ ehIyfitenAç snñicit-
enaH RbehagreNþAénsk´ nig eramTaMgLay mindwgza ejIshUr
elahit ‘QamEdldk´enA’ bMeBjEpñkxageRkam énkEnøgrbs´
ecjcakeyIgTaMgLayç ejIs k*mindwgEdrza Gj hUrecjcak
ezøIm ehIyepSImnUvTac ebHdUg ezøIm nig sYtTaMgLay RbmaN
RbehagreNþAénsk´ nig eramTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa nakal:c´
eBjmYyTUkéd ehIyfitenA . bNþaelahitTaMgBIrenaH vinicä&y
énRkOQUk nig TgénQUkCaedIm RKan´EtbuK<ldkeLIgecjGMBI
kñúgsMsrNelahit KWRbEhlKñanwgRbmat´«tmaneRsamEdr .
TwkehIyç cenøaHén:c´man:c´énRkOQUkCaedImmindwgza TwkhUr
cMENkkñúgsnñicitelahit eRkAGMBIenH Kb|IRCabvinic&äy dUcteTA
ecjcakeyIgTaMgLayç Twk kalhUrecjcakRbehagén:c´ én
enH KW ; nakalTwk Rsk´cuHehIy kñúgGMEbgEdlcas´ júaMgvtæú
RkOQUkCaedIm k*mindwgEdrza Gj hUrecjcakRbehag én:c´
TaMgLaymanKMnrdMudICaedIm BÆd*xageRkam oesImç vtæúTaMgLay
RkOQUkCaedIm y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:s
manKMnrdMudICaedIm mindwgza eyIgTaMgLayRtUvTwkeZVIoesImç Twk
cakkarrMBwgKit
k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj júaMgvtæúTaMgLaymanKMnrdMudICaedImoesIm
CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt
y¨agNamijç TIénPaKxageRkaménezøImkþI vtæúmanTacCaedImkþI min
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca
dwgza Qam fitenA kñúgeyIg ß kalepSImnUveyIgehIyk*fitenAç
Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
nig
karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk
.
ZmμtaejIs
‘emeTa’
Qam k*mindwgEdrza GjbMeBjEpñkxageRkaménezøIm ehIyepSIm TacCaedImoesIm ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMg
xøaj´xab´ CaC&rEdlpSayeTAkan´srIr;TaMgmUl énmnusS
Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .
EdlZat´ CaC&rd*xab´fitenA GaRs&ynUvsac´TaMgLay mansac´
ZmμtaQamCacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ Ca
sμgCaedIm rbs´mnusSs<m . nakaldMuénsac´ EdleKbiT:Mg
GBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankarRCYtRCab
ehIy edaykMNat´sMBt´ EdlbuK<lRClk´ehIyedayrem[tç dMu
CaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
énsac´
mindwgza kMNat´sMBt´EdleKRClk´ehIy edayrem[t
visuTÆimK< ERb
301
302
smaZinieTÞs
fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkkMNat´sMBt´ EdleK
ZmμtaTwkEPñk CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ
RClk´edayrem[t k*mindwgEdrza GjfitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&y
CaGBüaRkwt
nUvdMusac´ y¨agNamijç bNþasac´CamYyxøaj´xab´enaH sac´ kñúg
RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
esaHsUnü
minEmnstV
CaTwkesIm
mankarRCYt
‘vsa’
srIr;TaMgmUlkþI kñúgGvyv;mansμgCaedImkþI mindwgza xøaj´xab´ fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvGjç cMENkxøaj´xab´ k*mindwgEdr
xøaj´rav Caxøaj´EdlrlayfitenA kñúgépÞén:téd xñg:t
za Gj fitenAehIy eRBaHGaRs&ynUvsac´ kñúgsrIr;TaMgmUl ß
éd épÞ:teCIg xñg:teCIg kJ©b´RcmuH záas´ nig cg,Üyénsμa
kñúgGvyv;mansμgCaedIm k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH
TaMgLay kñúgeBlEdlekþAsBVeRBaHePøIgCaedIm . bNþaRbeTs
R:scakkarrMBwgKit nigkarBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaxøaj´
manépÞ:tédCaedIm nig xøaj´ravenaH
xab´CacMENkepSgedayELkkñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt
edIm mindwgza xøaj´ravRCYtRCabnUvGj ehIyfitenAç cMENkxøaj´
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaC&rsÁit mankarRCYtRCabCaGakar; Ca
rav k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCab kñúgRbeTsmanépÞén:tédCaedIm
Gae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
ehIyfitenA eRb[bbIdUcCa nakal:ykþaMg maneRbgRtUvbuK<l
‘GsSú’
RbeTsmanépÞ én:tédCa
dak´ehIyç :ykþaMg mindwgza eRbgRCYtRCabnUvGjehIyfitenAç
TwkEPñk ekItRBm kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH TwkEPñk júaMg
cMENkeRbg k*mindwgEdrza GjRCYtRCab nUv:ykþaMg ehIyfit
reNþAEPñk oeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUrecjmkxøH . bNþareNþA
enA y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit
EPñk nig TwkEPñkenaH reNþAénEPñk mindwgza TwkEPñkfitenAehIy
nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . Zmμtaxøaj´rav CacMENkepSg
kñúgeyIgTaMgLayç cMENkTwkEPñk k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj fitenA
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü min
ehIy kñúgreNþAénEPñkTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalreNþA én
EmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu
RKab´etñatx©ITaMgLay EdleBjehIy edayTwkç reNþA énRKab´
edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘exeLa’
etñatx©I mindwgza TwkfitenAehIy kñúgeyIgTaMgLayç cMENkTwk kñúgreNþAénRKab´etñatx©ITaMgLay k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy
Twkmat´ç nakalbc©&yCaTIekIteLIgénTwkmat´ R:kdy¨ag
kñúgreNþAénRKab´etñatx©ITaMgLay y¨agdUecñaHÉg . sPavZm(TaMg
dUecñaH ekItmanç cuHehIycakxagénz¬al´TaMgBIr ehIyfitenAkñúgépÞ
Laynu@H R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaKñaeTAvijeTAmk .
énGNþat .
nakalreNþA éneRtIysÞwg EdlmanTwkhUrmindac´
visuTÆimK< ERb
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304
smaZinieTÞs
‘lsika’
épÞénreNþA mindwgza Twkdk´Cab´enA kñúgeyIgç Twk k*mindwgEdrza Gj dk´Cab´enAkñúgépÞénreNþA y¨agNamijç épÞénGNþat mindwg
TwkrMGil kaljúaMgkic©KWkarlabnUvsnøak´ énqÁwgTaMgLay
za Twkmat´ cuHZøak´cakxagénz¬al´TaMgBIr ehIyfitenA kñúgeyIgç
osMerc fitenAehIy kñúgsnøak´ 180 . nakalePøAénreTH Edl
cMENkTwkmat´k*mindwgEdrza Gj cuHcakxagénz¬al´TaMgLayBIr
buK<llabehIyedayeRbgç ePøAreTH mindwgza eRbgRbLak´Gj
ehIyfitenA elIépÞénGNþat k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
sPavZm(TaMg
ehIyfitenAç cMENkÉeRbg k*mindwgpgEdrza Gj labePøAreTH
Layn@uH R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .
ehIyfitenA y¨agNamijç bNþasnøak´ 180 nig TwkrMGilenaH
ZmμtaTwkmat´ CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ
snøak´énqÁwg 180 mindwgza TwkrMGillabnUveyIgTaMgLayehIy
CaGBüaRkwt esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYt
fitenAç cMENkTwkrMGil k*mindwgEdrza Gj labnUvsnøak´ 180
RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
ehIyfitenA k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak
‘sig¹alika’
karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk .
TwksMe:r ekItRBm kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH júaMgekþag
cMENkepSgedayELk
kñúgsrIr;enH
ZmμtaTwkrMGil Ca
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt
RcmuHoeBj ehIyfitenAxøH hUrecjxøH . bNþaekþagRcmuH nig
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar;
TwksMe:renaH ekþagRcmuH mindwgza TwksMe:r fitenAehIy kñúg
CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
eyIgç cMENkTwksMe:r k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIykñúgekþag
‘mutþM’
RcmuHTaMgLay eRb[bbIdUcCa nakalsMbkxüg EdleBjehIy
TwkmURt fitenA kñúgxagkñúg éne:økenam . nakalkÁmRsaM
edayTwkedaHCUrpÁÚmç sMbkxüg mindwgza TwkedaHCUrpÁÚm fitenA
EdleKdak´ehIy manmat´cuHeRkam kñúgreNþARCaMhñwgÉgç kÁmRsaM
ehIy kñúgeyIgç cMENkTwkedaHCUrpÁÚm k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenA
mindwgza rsénTwkRCaM fitenAehIykñúgeyIgç cMENkrsénTwkRCaM
ehIy
k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy kñúgkÁmRsaM y¨agNamijç bNþa
kñúgsMbkxüg
y¨agdUecñaHÉg
.
sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH
R:scakkarrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaeTAvijeTAmk . ZmμtaTwk
e:økenam nig TwkmURtenaH
sMe:r
Ca
ehIy kñúgeyIgç cMENkTwkmURt k*mindwgEdrza Gj fitenAehIy
mankiriyaRCYt
kñúge:økenam k*y¨agenaHEdr . sPavZm(TaMgLayn@uH R:scak
CacMENkepSgedayELk
GBüaRkwt
esaHsUnü
minEmnstV
kñúgsrIr;enH
minmancitþ
CaTwkesIm
RCabCaGakar; CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
e:økenam mindwgza TwkmURt fitenA
karrMBwgKit nig karBicarNaKñaeTAvijeTAmk .
ZmμtaTwkmURt Ca
visuTÆimK< ERb cMENkepSgedayELk
kñúgsrIr;enH
305 minmancitþ
306
smaZinieTÞs
‘vaeyaekadðas’
CaGBüaRkwt
‘220’ bnÞab´GMBIenaHmk RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´ nUvxül´
esaHsUnü minEmnstV CaTwkesIm mankiriyaRCYtRCabCaGakar;
Edlbk´eLIgelI edayGMNacénxül´Edlbk´eLIgelI kMNt´nUv
CaGae:Zatu edayRbkardUecñHÉg ³ .
‘eteCaekadðas’
xül´Edlbk´cuHeRkam edayGMNacxül´Edlbk´cuHeRkam kMNt´
‘219’ RBHeyaKavcr luHjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA kñúg
nUvxül´EdledkenAkñúgeBaH edayGMNacénxül´EdledkenA kñúg
bfvIekadðas nig Gae:ekadðasTaMgLay mansk´CaedIm dUc:n
eBaH
BN(namk y¨agenHehIy
EdledkenAkñúgsrés
Kb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþeTA kñúg
eteCaekadðas ‘cMENkénePøIg’ TaMgLay y¨agenH za ;
kMNt´nUvxül´EdledkenAkñúgsrés
edayGMNacénxül´
kMNt´nUvxül´Edlbk´
edayGMNacénxül´Edlbk´kñúgGvyv;tUc-ZM
kñúgGvyv;tUc-ZM kMNt´nUvxül´dk
²kay rEmgekþAsBV edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENk
degØImecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl edayGMNacénxül´dkdegØIm
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min
ecj nig xül´dkdegØImcUl ehIyKb|IjúaMgmnsikar oRbRBwtþ
EmnstV mankiriyaGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç
eTA kñúgcMENkénxül´TaMgLay y¨agdUecñH za ;
²kay EtgRTuDeRTam edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENk
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay Edlbk´eLIgeTAelI CacMENkepSg
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmn
EmnstV mankiriyaGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç
stV manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç
²kay EtgeqHeralral edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH Ca
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay
Edlbk´cuHeRkam
CacMENkepSg
cMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmn
minEmnstV mankarGb´kMedACaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHç
stV manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç
²vtæúman:yCaedIm EdlbuK<lsIuehIy pwkehIy TMBasIu
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay EdledkenAkñúgeBaH CacMENkepSg
ehIy nig liTÆehIy Etgdl´nUvkiriyaERbRbYleTA edayRbéB
edayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmnstV
edayePøIgÉNaç ePøIgenH CacMENkepSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH
manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt
TeT
minEmnstV
CaGakar; eQμaHza eteCaZatu³ dUecñHÉg .
mankiriyaGb´kMedA
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH
EdledkenAkñúgsrés minmancitþ
CacMENk
CaGBüaRkwt TeT min
visuTÆimK< ERb
307
EmnstV manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç
308
smaZinieTÞs
²CaZatuxül´³ y¨agdUecñH .
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay Edlbk´kñúgGvyv;tUcZM CacMENk
RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´lk¡N;EdlRCYtRCab kñúgcMENkTaMg
epSgedayELk kñúgsrIr;enH minmancitþ CaGBüaRkwt TeT min
Lay 12 za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N;EdldutkMedA kñúg
EmnstV manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk CavaeyaZatu³ dUecñHç
cMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N;Edl
²Zmμtaxül´TaMgLay EdlsMrab´dkdegØIjecj nig dk degØImcUl
CacMENkepSgedayELk
kñúgsrIr;enH
minmancitþ
CaGBüaRkwt TeT minEmnCastV manGakar;bk´e:keTAmk Ca
bk´e:keTAmk kñúgcMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N;Edlrwg kñúgcMENkTaMg 12 enaHÉg za ²bfvIZatu³ dUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´lk¡N;EdldutkMedA kñúgcMENkTaMg
vaeyaZatu³ y¨agdUecñH . ZatuTaMgLay EtgR:kd dl´RBHeyaKavcrenaH Gñkman
Lay 4 za ²eteCaZatu³ .
Kb|IkMNt´lk¡N;Edlbk´e:keTA
mnsikarRbRBwtþeTA y¨agenH . kalRBHeyaKIenaH nwkrMBwg eZVITuk
mk EdlminEbkEx\kecjBIZatuePøIgenaH za ²veyaZatu³ . kMNt´
kúñgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgLayenaH er]y> óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg
lk¡N;Edlrwg EdlminEbkEx\kBIZatuePøIgenaH za ²bfvIZatu³ .
tamn&yEdlelak:neBalmkehIyn@uHÉg .
kMNt´lk¡N;EdlRCYtRCabEdlminEbkEx\kecjBIZatuePøIgenaH
Etza kalRBHeyaKINa cMerIny¨agenH kmμdðan minsMercç RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IcMerIn edayslk¡Nseg¡bcuH .
sYrza ;
za ²Gae:Zatu³ dUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´yklk¡N;Edlbk´e:keTAmk kñúg
‘cMerInedayslk¡Nseg¡b’
cMENkTaMgLay6 za ²vaeyaZatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N;Edlrwg kúñg
Kb|IcMerIn edayslk¡Nseg¡b dUcemþc / .
cMENkTaMg 6 enaHÉg za ²bfvIZatu³ .
eqøIyza ; RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´yklk¡N;Edlrwg kñúg cMENkTaMgLay 20 za ²CaZatudI³ dUecñH .
Kb|IkMNt´yk
kMNt´lk¡N;EdlRCYt
RCab kúñgcMENkTaMg 6 enaHÉg za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNt´yk lk¡N;EdlGb´kMedAkúñgcMENkTaMg 6 enaHEdrza ²eteCaZatu³ .
lk¡N;EdlRCYtRCab kñúgcMENkTaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za ²Ca
kalRBHeyaKIenaH kMNt´ y¨agdUecñH ZatuTaMgLay rEmg
ZatuTwk³ dUecñHç Kb|IkMNt´yklk¡N;EdlGb´kMedA kñúgcMENk
R:kd . kalRBHeyaKIenaH rMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgLay
TaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za ²CaZatuePøIg³ dUecñHç Kb|IkMNt´yk
enaH er]y>ç óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdlelak
lk¡N;Edlbk´e:keTAmk kñúgcMENkTaMgLay 20 enaHÉg za
eBalehIyenaHÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
309
Etza kalRBHeyaKINa cMerIny¨agenH kmμdðan minsMercç RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IcMerIn edaykarEvkEjktamlk¡N;rbs´xøÜn .
‘cMerInedayslk¡NviPtþi’ sYrza; RBHeyaKIKb|IcMerIn edaykarEvkEjktamlk¡N; rbs´xøÜn y¨agdUcemþc / . eqøIyza; RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´nUvGakar;TaMgLay mansk´ CaedIm tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmunenaHÉg ehIy kMNt´nUvlk¡N;rwg kñúgsk´ za ²bfvIZatu³ .
kMNt´nUvlk¡N;
EdlRCYtRCab kñúgsk´enaHÉg za ²Gae:Zatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N; EdlGb´kMedA kñúgsk´enaHÉg za ²eteCaZatu³ . kMNt´lk¡N; Edlbk´e:keTAmk kñúgsk´enaHEdr za ²vaeyaZatu³ . RBHeyaKI Kb|IkMNt´ZatubYn> kñúgZatumYy> kñúgcMENkTaMgGs´ y¨agenH . kalRBHeyaKIenaH kMNt´y¨agenH ZatuTaMgLay rEmgR:kd . kalRBHeyaKI nwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgenaH o:ner]y> óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIgtamn&yEdl:neBalehIynu@HÉg .
‘mnsikar edayGakar; 13 k*:n’ ‘221’ müa¨gvijeT[t RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatu TaMgLay edayGakar;TaMgLayenH k*:n KW ;
vcndðeta
edayEkGtærbs´Baküç
klabeta
edayklab; ‘BYk’ç
cuNÑeta
edaylMGitç
lk¡NaTieta
edaylk¡N;CaedImç
310
smaZinieTÞs
smudðaneta
edaysmudðanç
nanetþktþeta
edayPaBepSgKña nig RtUvKñaç
vinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta edayPaBEdlEbkBIKña nig minEbk GMBIKñaç
sPaKvisPaKeta
edayPaBEdlmancMENkesμIKña nig minesμIKñaç
GCÄtþikBahirviesseta
edayPaBEdlEbøkKñarbs´Zatu
Caxagkñúg nig ZatuCaxageRkAç
sg<heta
edayse®g<aHç
bc©yeta
edaybc©&yç
Gsmnñahareta
edayPaBEdlmindwgnUvKñanwgKñaç
bc©yviPaKeta
edaykiriyaEcknUvbc©&y .
EkbTvcndðeta kñúgGakar;TaMgenaH RBHeyaKI kaleZVITukkñúgcitþ edayEk Gtærbs´Bakü
Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
edayEkGtærbs´Bakü
eday
GMNacénPav;viess nig esμIKña y¨agdUecñH za ²eQμaHza bfvI Zatu eRBaHPav;énZatuenaHRkas´ç eQμaHza Ge: eRBaHeZVIoesIm eZVIoeCak ß eZVIoRCYtRCabç eQμaHza eteCa eRBaHGb´oekþAç eQμaHza vaeya eRBaHbk´e:k³ dUecñH . ebIeBaledayesckþImin EbøkKña eQμaHza Zatu eRBaHRTRTg´TuknUvlk¡N;rbs´xøÜnpg eRBaH CaTItaMgénesckþITuk¡pg eRBaHCaTIrgnUvesckþITuk¡pg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
311
EkbTklabeta
312
smaZinieTÞs
RbmaNBak´kNþal GMBIbfvIZatuenaH se®g<aHehIy KWeteCaZatu
‘222’ Baküza ²klabeta³ manB(Nnaza ; RBHGdðkza
rkSaTukehIy KWvaeyaZatu e:kbk´ehIy Kg´minerayray min
sMEdgbfvIZatu edayGakar;TaMgLay 20 edayn&yza ²sk´
x©at´x©ayeTAç bfvIZatuenaH kalminerayray minx©at´x©ay rEmg
eram³
edayGakar;TaMgLay
cUleTACitdl´nUvkiriyakMNt´c|as´ manviZICaeRcIny¨ag mankar
12 edayn&yza ²Rbmat´ esøsμ³ dUecñHCaedImpg enHÉNaç kñúg
rab´ za ²CaRsI CaRbus³ dUecñHCaedImpg EtgRbkas nUvPaBén
Gakar;TaMgLayenaH
Gakar; mans<m Zat´ Evg xøI rwgbuwg nig Tn´Pøn´CaedImpg .
dUecñHCaedImpgç
sMEdgGae:Zatu
eRBaHkiriyaRbCMuKñaénZm( 8 y¨ag KW; B(N køin rs OCa nig ZatuTaMg 4 karsnμtiza ²sk´³ eTIbmanç eRBaHkiriyaEjk nUvZm(TaMg 8 enaHÉg karsnμtiza ²sk´³ eTIbminmanç eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH Baküza ²eksa³ RKan´EtCaBYk én
cMENk Gae:Zatu Edldl´nUvPaBesIm manGakar;RCYt RCab
kñúgsrIr;enH
manbfvIZatuCaTItaMg
RtUveteCaZatutamrkSa
ehIy RtUvvaeyaZatubk´pat´ehIy rEmgminhUrecj minRskcuHç kalminhUrecj minRskcuH eTIbrEmgbgØajnUvPaBeBjeRB[b . cMENketeCaZatu EdlmanPaBekþACalk¡N; mancMhay
Zm( 8 bueNÑaHÉg . Baküza ²eram CaedIm³ k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr .
CaGakar;ekItehIy júaMgrbs´EdleKsIu-pwkCaedIm orlYy kñúg
b¨uEnþkñúgcMENkTaMgenaH cMENkNa mankmμ Casmudðan cMENk
srIr;enH GaRs&ybfvIZatu RtUvGae:Zatu CYyse®g<aHehIy RtUv
enaH cat´CaBYkénZm( 10 CamYyKñanwgCIviti®nÞIy¾pg nig Pav;pgç
vaeyaZatu bk´pat´ehIy rEmgeZVIkayenHoekþApg rEmgnaMmknUv
Etza cMENkenaH dl´nUvkarrab´za ²bfvIZatu Gae:Zatu³ eday
kardl´RBm edayBN(sm|úr dl´ragkayenaHpg . mYyeT[t
GMNacéns&BÞEdleRbImkedayeRcIn . RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITuk kñúg
kayenH RtUveteCaZatukMedAehIy eTIbminsMEdgnUvPaBsÁúy .
citþ edayklab ‘BYk’ y¨agenHÉg .
cMENkÉ vaeyaZatu pSayeTAkan´Gvyv;tUc nig ZM man
EkbTcuNÑeta ‘223’ Baküza ²cuNÑeta³ esckþIza EmnBit bfvIZatu KW Gacarü
kalkMNt´yk
edayRbmaNCakNþal
kñúgsrIr;enH
manlMGit edayRbePTd*tUcéRkElg CaZUlId*lÁit Kb|ICalMGit manRbmaNmYYyeTaN; ‘16 naLi’ .
bfvIZatuenaH KWGae:Zatu
lk¡N;e:kbk´ojab´j&r:n taMgenA:neRBaHbfvIZatu RtUv:n Gae:Zatuse®g<aHehIy
RtUveteCaZatu
rkSaTukehIy
eTIbjúaMg
kayenH oehIm:n . k*kayenH RtUvvaeyaZatuoehImehIy rEmgmineRTteRTat fitenARtg´ç kayenH RtUvvaeyaZatudéTeT[t bk´bEnæmehIy EtgbgØajnUvkardwgc|as´ kñúg«riyabzedIr Qr
visuTÆimK< ERb
313
314
smaZinieTÞs
Gg<úy nig edk bt´cUl laecj rlas´édeCIg:n . ynþKWZatu
kñúgcMENkTaMgLayenaH
cMENkTaMgLay 4 enH KW ²GaharzμI
enH CaeRK]gbeJäat énCnBal edayPaBmanPaBCaRsIRbus Ca
Gaharcas´ xÞúH TwkmURt³ manrdUv CasmudðanEtmüa¨gç cMENk
edIm R:kdesμIedaymayarUb EtgRbRBwtþeTAy¨agdUecñHÉg .
TaMgLay 4 enH ²TwkEPñk ejIs Twkmat´ TwksMe:r³ manrdUv
RBH
eyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ nUvZatuTaMgenaH edaylMGit y¨agenH .
EkbTlk¡NaTieta
nig citþCasmudðanç ePøIgsMrab´cMGinnUvGaharEdlbuK<lsIuehIyCa edIm mankmμCasmudðanEtmüa¨gç xül´dkdegØImecj nig xül´dk
‘224’ Baküza ²lk¡NaTieta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|I BicarNa nUvZatuTaMg 4 y¨agenHza ²bfvIZatu manGVICalk¡N;
degØImcUl mancitþCasmudðanEtmüa¨gç ÉcMENkTaMgLayd*ess mansmudðan 4³ dUecñHÉg .
EkbTnanetþktþeta
manGVICakic© manGVICapl³ y¨agdUecñHehIy RtUveZVITukkñúgcitþeday
‘226’ Baküza ²nanetþktþeta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMgLay
Gakar;manlk¡N;CaedIm y¨agenHza ; ²bfvIZatu manPaBrwgeRKatRKatCalk¡N; mankartaMgenA s)b´Cakic© mankarTTYlRBmCaplç
Bit lk¡N; kic© nig pl énbfvIZatu suTÆEtepSgKña . lk¡N;
Gae:Zatu mankarhUrecjeTACalk¡N; mankarcMerInCa kic© mankiriyaeRCamERCgCaplç eteCaZatu
manPaBekþACalk¡N;
TaMgBYg manPaBepSg>Kña edayGakar;manlk¡N;CaedIm . Emn
kic© nig pl énZatuTaMgLaymanGae:ZatuCaedImk*epSgKñaEdr . EtZatuTaMgLayenaH sUm|ImanPaBepSg>Kña edayGMNacGakar;
mankarGb´kMedACakic©
mankiriyapþl´onUvPaBTn´Caplç vaeyaZatu mankiriyabk´pat´Calk¡N; mankiriyalan´»
manlk¡N;CaedIm nig edayGMNacénsmudðan mankmμsmudðan CaedIm
k*enAEtmanesckþIEtmYy
edayGMNacénPaBCarUb
Ca
mhaPUt CaZatu CaZm( nig Carbs´mineT[gTat´CaedIm .
eLIgCakic© mankiriyaer:nCapl³ dUecñH .
EmnBit ZatuTaMgGs´ eQμaHza rUb eRBaHZatuTaMgenaH min
EkbTsmudðaneta
knøgnUvlk¡N; énkarvinasRTuDeRTameTA:nç eQμaHza mhaPUt
‘225’ Baküza ²smudðaneta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVI TukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMgLay edaysmudðan y¨agenHza ²RBHmanRBH PaK RTg´sMEdgnUvcMENk 42 mansk´CaedIm edayGMNacénkar sMEdgnUvcMENkénZatu manbfvIZatuCaedIm edayBisþar enHÉNa
eRBaHehtuTaMgLay manPaBénkaymankarR:kdeRcInCaedIm .
EkbTmhnþ:tuPavaTIhi ‘227’ Baküza ²mhnþ:tuPavaTIhi³ esckþIza k*ZatuTaMg LayenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za
mhaPUt edayehtuTaMg
visuTÆimK< ERb
315
316
smaZinieTÞs
LayenH KW; edayPaBénZatuenaHCaZatuR:kdeRcInpg edayPaB
BN(RkhmeT ‘Et’ sMEdgó:TayrUb CaBN(Rkhm:nç xøÜnÉg
esμIKñaedaymhaPUtpg
minEmnmanBN(sesaH ‘Et’sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb CaBN(s:n
edaykarEzrkSaZMpg
edaykarERbRbYl
eRb[bbIdUcCa mnusSGñkmankll|ic sMEdgeZVITwkEdlminEmnCa
ZMpg edayeRBaHCaZmμCatZM nig eRBaHCarbs´Bitpg .
EkbTmhnþ:tuPaveta
EkvmNIesaH oeTACaEkvmNI:nç sMEdg eZVIdMudI EdlminEmnCa
bNþbTTaMgenaH bTza ²mhnþ:tuPaveta³ esckþIza Bit
masesaH oeTACamas:nç mYyeT[t eRb[bbIdUcCa mnusSGñk
EmnehIy mhaPUtTaMg 4 enH R:kd Carbs´ZM kñúgsnþanEdl
mankll|icenaH xøÜnÉg minEmnCayk¡ minEmnCabkSIesaH ‘Et’
minmancitþRKb´RKgpg kñúgsnþanEdlmancitþRKb´RKgpg . PaB
sMEdgnUvPaBCayk¡ k*:n nUvPaBCabkSI k*:n y¨agdUecñaHÉg .
EdlR:kdCarbs´ZM énsnþanTaMgBIrenaH kñúgsnþanEdlminman
eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaH
citþRKb´RKg
esμIKñaedaymnusSmanmayaeRcIn KWmnusSmankll|ic .
xM\úeBalehIyEmnBit
kñúgBuTÆanusStinieTÞs
eday
mYyeT[t mhaPUtTaMgLay manyk¡CaedIm cab´nUvbuK<l
n&ymann&y za ;
EpndIenH bNÐiteBaledaykMras´zamanRbmaN
Naç TIxagkñúgénmhaPUtTaMgenaH KWbuK<lenaHkMNt´dwgmin:n TI
bu¨eNÑH KW ; 240ç000 eyaCn¾ dUecñHCaedIm .
xageRkA énmhaPUtTaMgenaH KWbuK<lenaH kMNt´dwgmin:n Etza
É:tuPUtTaMgLay d*CaZMhñwgÉg EtgmansUm|IkñúgsnþanEdlman
mhaPUtTaMgLayenaH minEmnminGaRs&ynUvbuK<lenaH fitenAeT
citþRKb´RKg edayGMNacénRtI GeNþIk eTvta nig GsurCaedIm .
y¨agNamijç sUm|IPUtKWZatuTaMgLayenH CaZmμCatiminfitenABÆd*
smdUcCa
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
xagkñúg minfitenABÆd*xageRkA énKñanwgKñaeT KWbuK<lkMNt´dwg:n
GtþPaBTaMgLay sUm|ImanRbEvgmYyryeyaCn¾ k*manEdr kñúg
Etza vaminEmnminfitenAGaRs&ynUvKñanwgKñaeT k*y¨agenaHEdr .
mhasmuRT³ dUecñHCaedIm .
eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH eQμaHza mhaPUt k*eRBaHPav;
RBHd*manRBHPaK
RTg´Rtas´za
EkbTmhaPUtsamJ¦eta bTza ²mhaPUtsamJ¦eta³ esckþIza k*mhaPUtTaMgenH
Carbs´esμIKña edaymhaPUt manyk¡CaedIm eRBaHPav;énTItaMg KW buK<lminKYrKit RbkarmYy .
xøÜnÉg minEmnmanBN(ex[veT ‘Et’sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb ‘rUbEdl
mYyeT[t mhaPUtTaMgLay eBalKWyk¡inI biT:MgnUvPaB
EGbGaRs&y’ CaBN(ex[v:nç xøÜnÉg minEmnmanBN(el]geT
énxøÜnCaPUtEdlKYroP&yxøac ehIybeJäatnUvstVTaMgLayeday
‘Et’ sMEdgnUvó:TayrUb CaBN(el]g:nç xøÜnÉg minEmnman
karsMEdgnUvBN(sm|úr nig RTg´RTay EdlCaTIeBjcitþ y¨ag
visuTÆimK< ERb
317
318
smaZinieTÞs
Namijç sUm|IPUtKWZatuTaMgLayenH biT:MgnUvrs nig lk¡N;
viJ¦aNRbkan´yk PaBénmhaPUtmanvikar;d*ZM rEmgR:dk kñúg
rbs´xøÜn epSgedaysPaBmanPaBénxøÜnCarbs´rwgCaedIm beJäat
eBlEdlZatukMerIk . BitdUecñaHEmn
nUvCnBal edayqvIvNÑ EdlCaTIKab´citþpg edayRTg´RTay én Gvyv;tUcZM EdlCaTIKab´citþpg edaykarsMEdgnUvéd eCIg Rmam éd nig cieJ©ImCaedIm EdlCaTIKab´citþpg minoeXIj nUvsPaB rbs´xøÜn:n k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr . eRBaHehtuenaH ZatuTaMgLayenaH eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaHPav;CaZatumanPaBesμIKña edaymha PUt KW yk¡inI eRBaHPav;énZatuCaeRK]gbeJäat RbkarmYy .
EkbTmhabrihareta ‘228’ bTza ²mhabrihareta³ esckþIza eRBaHPav;én ZatuCarbs´EdlbuK<lKb|IEzrkSa edaybc©&yTaMgLayd*eRcIn . EmnBit PUtKWZatuTaMgLayenaHmanehIy KWRbRBwtþeTAehIyeday bc©&yTaMgLaymaneRK]gsIu nig eRK]gesø{kBak´CaedImy¨ageRcIn eRBaHPav;énbc©&yenaH KWbuK<lKb|InaMcUleTA er[gral´ézá> eRBaH ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza mhaPUt . müa¨geT[t eQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaHCaPUtEdlmankiriyaEzrkSad*eRcIn dUecñHk*:nEdr .
EkbTmhavikareta bTza ²mhavikareta³ esckþIza BitEmnehIy PUtKWZatu
GNþatePøIgraldaleLIgGMBIEpndI qabeLIg rhUteTAdl´RBhμelak
nakalelak
EdlmanGNþatqabeqH .
RtUvePøIg
elak Etgvinas edayTwk EdlkMerIkehIy
kñúgeBlNa kñúgeBlenaH cRkvaLmYy manmYy Esnekadi rEmgrlay . elak vinas edaykarkMerIkénvaeyaZatu kñúg eBlNa
kñúgeBlenaH
Esnekadi rEmgrlay .
cRkvaLmYy
manmYy
kayRtUvBs´manmat´Cavikar;éneQIcwkehIy rEmgCakayrwgKaMg ßza kayenaH CakayrwgKaMg kñúgmat´énBs´Cavikar;éneQI eRBaHkiriyakMerIk én bfvIZatuhñwgÉg . kay RtUvBs´manmat´sÁúycwkehIy Cakay sÁúy ßza kayenaH CakaysÁúy kñúgmat´énBs´ manmat´sÁúy eRBaHkarkMerIkénGae:ZatuhñwgÉg .
TaMgLaynu@H CamhaPUtEdlmanviJ¦aNRbkan´xøH minmanviJ¦aN
kay RtUvBs´manmat´Cavikar;énePøIgcwkehIy
Rbkan´xøH CamhaPUtmanvikard*eRcIn . kñúgcMeNam 2 y¨agenaH
CakayekþAsBV ßza kayenaH CakayekþAsBV kñúg
sMrab´mhaPUtEdlminmanviJ¦aNRbkan´ PaBénmhaPUtmanvikar; d*ZM rEmgR:kd kñúgeBlEdlkb|vinas sMrab´mhaPUt Edlman
mat´énBs´Cavikar;énePøIg eRBaHeteCaZatukMerIk . kay RtUvBs´manmat´dUcCakaMbit
cwkehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
319
rEmgCakaydac´dacehIy ßza kayenaH Cakaydac´ dac kñúgmat´énBs´manmat´dUcCakaMbit eRBaHkarkMerIk énvaeyaZatuhñwgÉg . PUt KWZatuTaMgLay manvikar;eRcIn y¨agenH eRBaHehtuenaH eTIb eQμaHza mhaPUt . BIrbTza ²mhtþa PUttþa c³ esckþIza PUtKWZatuTaMgLay enaH eQμaHza Carbs´ZM eRBaHPav;énPUtTaMgenaH CaPUtKWbuK<lEz rkSa edayesckþIBüayamd*ZM eQμaHza PUt ‘rbs´Bit’ eRBaHPav; eRBaHehtudUecñaH
PUtKWZatuTaMgenaH
eQμaHza mhaPUt eRBaHCarbs´ZMpg eRBaHCarbs´Bitpg . ZatuTaMgGs´hñwgÉg
eQμaHza
mhaPUt
Lay manPaBCaZM nig PaBR:kdCaedIm .
smaZinieTÞs
edayRbkardUecñHÉg
.
RBHeyaKI
Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
edayPaB
EdlepSgKña nig PaBEdlRtUvKña dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .
EkbTvinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta ‘229’ bTza ²vinieBÖaKavinieBÖaKeta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMg enaH ekItRBmKñaEmnBit CaZatuEbkKñamin:n tamcMENk sUm|I kñúgklab‘:c´’mYy> mansuTÆdðklabCaedIm kñúgTIbMputénklab
EkbTmhtþa PUttþa c
énPUtTaMgenaHCarbs´manenA
320
edayehtuTaMg
TaMgBYg . bu¨Enþedaylk¡N; ZatuTaMgenaH EbkKña:n eRBaHehtu enaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEjkKña:n nig PaB EjkKñamin:n dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .
EkbTsPaKvisPaKeta ‘230’ bTza ²sPaKvisPaKeta³ esckþIza bNþaZatu TaMg 4 enaH sUm|IEdlEjkBIKñamin:n y¨agenH Zatu 2 xag edIm mancMENkesμIKña eRBaHPav;énZatuTaMgenaHmanPaBZán´ç Zatu
EtZatuTaMgGs´enaH
2 xagcug k*y¨agenaHEdrKWmancMENkesμIKña eRBaHmanPaBRsal
eQμaHza Zatu eRBaHRTRTg´TuknUvlk¡N;rbs´xøÜn 1 eRBaHCaTItaMg
dUcKñaç bu¨EnþZatu 2 xagedIm mancMENkminesμIKñaedayZatu 2
énesckþITuk¡
eRBaHminknøgnUv
xag cug nig Zatu 2 xagcug mancMENkminesμIKña edayZatu 2
lk¡N;énZatu . eQμaHza Zm( eRBaHRTRTg´TuknUvlk¡N;rbs´
xagedIm eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEdl
xøÜnpg eRBaHRTRTg´tamsmKYrdl´xN;rbs´xøÜnpg . eQμaHza
mancMENkesμIKña nig minesμIKña dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .
1
eRBaHbgØÚrmknUvesckþITuk¡
1
mineT[g eRBaHesckþIza Gs´eTAç eQμaHza CaTuk¡ eRBaHesckþIza
EkbTGCÄtiþkBahirviesseta
RbkbedayP&y eQμaHza minEmnxøÜn eRBaHesckþIza minmanxøwm
bTza ²GCÄtþikBahirviesseta³ esckþIza ZatuTaMgLay
sar . PaBénZatuTaMgBYg CaZatumanesckþIEtmYy edayGMNac
Caxagkñúg CaTIGaRs&y énviJ¦aNvtæú viJ¦tþi nig «®nÞIy¾TaMgLay
Pav;CarUb CamhaPUt CaZatu CaZm(
Rbkbeday«riyabz mansmudðan 4ç cMENkÉZatuTaMgLayxag
nig
Carbs´mineT[gCaedIm
visuTÆimK< ERb eRkA
321
manRbkarpÞúyepSgKñanwgZatuEdlelakeBalehIy
322
EkbTGsmnñahareta
eRBaH
bTza ²Gsmnñahareta³ esckþIza k*bNþaZatuTaMgbYnnu@H
ehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEbøkKñaénZatuxag kñúg nig ZatuxageRkA dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .
EkbTsg<heta ‘231’ bTza ²sg<heta³ esckþIza RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITuk
smaZinieTÞs
bfvIZatu mindwgza ²GjCabfvIZatu³ dUecñHpg za ²GjCaTIBwg énmhaPUtTaMgbI Cabc©&y‘énmhaPUtTaMgbI’³ dUecñHpgç sUm|Imha PUtTaMgbIeRkAenH k*mindwgza ²bfvIZatu CaTIBwg Cabc©&yéneyIg
kñúgcitþ edaykarse®g<aH y¨agenHza ²bfvIZatu mankmμCasmudðan
TaMgLay³ dUecñHEdrç n&ykñúgZatuTaMgBYg k*dUcn&yenHÉg eRBaH
se®g<aHcUlCamYyKña edayZatuTaMgLayeRkAenH EdlmankmμCa
ehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edayPaBEdlmindwgnUvKña
smudðan eRBaHminmanPaBepSg> Kña énsmudðanç bfvIZatu Edl
nwgKña
mancitþCaedImCasmudðan
k*y¨agenaHEdr
KWse®g<aHcUlCamYyKña
edayZatuTaMgLay EdlmancitþCaedImCasmudðan³ .
EkbTbc©yeta bTza ²bc©yeta³ esckþIza bfvIZatu RtUvGae:ZatubMrug Tuk RtUveteCaZatu EzrkSaTuk RtUvvaeyaZatu bk´pÞb´Tuk Cabc©&y CaTIBwgEpÁk énmhaPUtTaMgLaybIç Gae:Zatu RtUvbfvIZatutMkl´Tuk RtUveteCaZatutamrkSaTuk RtUvvaeyaZatubk´pÞb´Tuk Cabc©&yeRK]gRCabesIménmhaPUtTaMgbIç eteCaZatu RtUvbfvIZatutMkl´Tuk RtUvGae:Zatuse®g<aHTuk RtUvvaeyaZatubk´pÞb´Tuk Cabc©&yeRK]gcMGinTuk énmhaPUtTaMgbIç vaeyaZatu
RtUvbfvIZatutMkl´Tuk
RtUvGae:Zatuse®g<aH
RtUveteCaZatucMGinTuk Cabc©&yCaeRK]gbk´pÞb´ énmhaPUtTaMgbIç eRBaHehtuenaH
RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaybc©&y
dUc:nBN(namky¨agenHÉg .
dUc:neBalmkenHÉg .
EkbTbc©yviPaKeta bTza ²bc©yviPaKeta³ esckþIza k*bc©&y rbs´ZatuTaMg bYn KWkmμ citþ Gahar nig rdUv . bNþaZatuTaMgenaH kmμEtmüa¨g Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdlmankmμCasmudðanç sPav;TaMgLay mancitþCaedIm minEmnCabc©&yeT . sPav;TaMgLay mancitþCa edIm Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdlmancitþCaedImCasmudðanhñwgÉg sPav;eRkABIenH minEmnCabc©&yeT . mYyeT[t kmμ Cabc©&yCaehtuoekIt ‘Cnkbc©&y’ énZatu TaMgLayEdlmankmμCasmudðan
Cabc©&yEdlcUleTAGaRs&y
‘óbnisSybc©&y’ énZatuTaMgLayd*ess edaybriyay . citþ Cabc©&yCaehtuoekIt énZatuTaMgLayEdlmancitþCa smudðan CabcäaCatb|c©&y ‘bc©&yEdlekIteRkay’
CaGtæib|c©&y
‘bc©&yEdlman’ nigCaGviKtb|c©&y‘bc©&yEdlmineTAR:sBIKña’ énZatuTaMgLayd*ess .
visuTÆimK< ERb
323
Gahar CaCnkb|c©&y ‘bc©&yCaehtuoekIt’ énZatuTaMg
324
smaZinieTÞs
nisSyb|c©&y
Gtæib|c©&y
nig
GviKtb|c©&ypg
edayGMNac
LayEdlmanGaharCasmudðanç CaGaharb|c©&y ‘bc©&yCaeRK]g
énTItaMgpgç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Ca
naMmknUvpl’ CaGtæib|c©&y nig CaGviKtb|c©&y énZatuTaMgLay
bc©&yénmhaPUtEdlmansnþtibI eRkAenH ‘KWmhaPUtEdlmancitþ
d*ess .
Gahar nig rdUvCasmudðan’ edayGMNacénnisSyb|c©&y Gtæi-
rdUv smudðanç
CaótuCnkb|c©&y CaGtæib|c©&y
nig
énZatuTaMgLay CaGviKtb|c©&y
EdlmanrdUvCa énZatuTaMgLay
b|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&yç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénTItaMg minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .
d*ess . mhaPUt
mYyeT[t EdlmankmμCasmudðan
Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMg
bNþamhaPUtEdlmankmμCasmudðanTaMgenaH
Gae:Zatu Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLaybI eRkABIenH edayGMNacén
Lay EdlmankmμCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay Edl
shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg
edayGMNacénkiriyasÞHTukpgç min
mancitþCaedImCasmudðanpgç
EmnCabc©&yedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Cabc©&yedayGMNac
mYyeT[t mhaPUtEdlmancitþCasmudðan Cabc©&yénmha
énnisSyb|c©&y Gtæib|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&y énmhaPUtEdl
PUtTaMgLay EdlmancitþCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay
mansnþtibIeRkAenHdUcKñaç minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénkarsÞH
EdlmankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg .
Tuk minEmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .
mhaPUt
EdlmanGaharCasmudðan
Cabc©&yénmhaPUt
mYyeT[t
bNþamhaPUtEdlmankmμCasmudðanTaMgenaH
TaMgLay EdlmanGaharCasmudðanpg Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLay
eteCaZatu Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLaybI eRkABIenH edayGMNacén
EdlmankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg .
shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg edayGMNacénkiriyaGb´kMedApgç min
mhaPUt Lay
EdlmanrdUvCasmudðan
EdlmanrdUvCasmudðanpg
Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMg
Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayEdl
EdlmankmμCasmudðanTaMgenaH
bfvIZatu
EdlmankmμCasmudðan Cabc©&yénZatuTaMgLayeRkAenH Edlman kmμCasmudðan
EdlmansnþtibIeRkAenH nig
mankmμCaedImCasmudðanpg . bNþamhaPUt
EmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç Cabc©&y énmhaPUtTaMgLay
edayGMNac énshCatb|c©&y GJ¦mJ¦b|c©&y
GviKtb|c©&ydUcKñaç
edayGMNacnisSyb|c©&y minEmnCabc©&y
Gtæib|c©&y
edayGMNacénkiriya
Gb´kMedA minEmnCabc©&y edayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT . mYyeT[t
bNþamhaPUtEdlmankmμCasmudðanTaMgenaH
vaeyaZatu Cabc©&y énZatuTaMgLaybIeRkABIenH edayGMNac én
visuTÆimK< ERb
325
326
smaZinieTÞs
shCatb|c©&yCaedImpg edayGMNacénkiriyae:kbk´pgç min
ZatuTIbI GaRs&ynUvZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbYnç ZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbI
EmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeTç
GaRs&ynUvZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbYnç ÉZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbYn
Edlmansnþti
3
eRkAGMBIenH
Cabc©&yénmhaPUtTaMgLay edayGMNacénnisSyb|c©&yç
Gtæib|c©&y nig GviKtb|c©&ydUcKñaç minEmnedayGMNacénkiriya e:kbk´ minEmnedayGMNacénCnkb|c©&yeT .
nig rdUv CasmudðanCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr .
dUceBalmkenH
ZatuTaMgLay
bI GaRs&ynUvZatumYy rEmgERbRbYledaycMENkbYnç ÉZatumYy rEmgERbRbYl
bfvIZatuenaHÉg KWGae:ZatuRCYtRCabeTAehIy Cabc©&yénkiriya júaMgkayotaMgenAç ÉGae:ZatuKWbfvIZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y
k*É bNþaZatuTaMgLayenaH EdlRbRBwtþeTA edayGMNac
GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLaybI
bNþaZatuTaMgenaH bfvIZatu Cabc©&yénkareb[teb[n kñúg kalénkic©mankarQaneTAmux nig karQanzyeRkayCaedIm .
n&y sUm|IkñúgmhaPUt manbfvIZatu Edlmancitþ Gahar
bc©&ymanshCatb|c©&yCaedIm
GaRs&yZatuTIBIr nig ZatuTIbI³ rEmg:neTACacMENkR:MmYy .
edaycMENkbYnEdrç
énkarminx©at´x©ayç vaeyaZatu KWvaeyaZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y énkarlan´»eLIgç vaeyaZatu KWeteCaZatueTAtamehIy Cabc©&y énkarQanknøg nig karQanzyeRkay y¨agdUecñHÉg . RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ edaykarEjkbc©&y y¨agenHÉg .
‘ZatuvvdðaneZVIosMercóbcarsmaZi’
ZatuTaMgLayBIr GaRs&ynUvZatuBIr rEmg:neTACaR:MmYy . EmnBit bNþaZatuTaMgLay manbfvIZatuCaedIm ZatuTaMg
EmnBit kalRBHeyaKI eZVITukkñúgcitþ edayGMNacénehtu
Lay 3 GaRs&ynUvZatu 1 y¨agenH KW; ²ZatuTaMgLaybI> eRkA
manesckþIénBaküCaedIm y¨agdUecñHç ZatuTaMgLay rEmgR:kd
enH GaRs&yehIynUvZatumYy>³ rEmgERbRbYledaycMENk 4 .
tammuxmYy> . kalRBHeyaKI nwkrMBwg eZVITukkñúgcitþnUvZatuTaMg
y¨agdUcKñaenaHEdr
Zatu
enaH er]y>ç óbcarsmaZi rEmgekIteLIg tamn&yEdlelak
mYy GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLaybI y¨agenHKW ²ZatumYy GaRs&ynUv
eBalehIyenaHÉg . óbcarsmaZienHenaH rEmgdl´nUvkarrab´za
ZatuTaMgLaybIeRkAenH³ rEmgERbRbYledaycMENk 4 . bu¨Enþ
²ctuZatuvvdðan³
ZatuTaMgLayBIr GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIr y¨agenHKW ²ZatuTaMg
énjaNEdlRBHeyaKIkMNt´nUvZatuTaMg 4 .
bNþaZatuTaMgLaymanbfvIZatuCaedIm
nig
GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIrxagcugç
ZatuTIbYn GaRs&ynUvZatuTImYy nig ZatuTIbIç
ZatuTIBIr
ZatuTImYy nig
eRBaHkarekIteLIg
edayGanuPaB
‘GanisgSénZatuvvdðan’
LayBIrxagcug GaRs&ynUvZatuTaMgLayBIrxagedIm nig ZatuTaMg LayBIrxagedIm
dUecñHEmnBit
cMENkÉ Pikú¡GñkRbkber]y> nUvctuZatuvvdðanenH Kg´cUl dl´suJ¦ta
‘PaBsUnücakxøÜnR:N’ rEmgdkecjnUvstþsJ¦a
visuTÆimK< ERb
327
328
smaZinieTÞs
‘karsm<al´zaCastVCabuK<l’ :n . Pikú¡enaH eRBaHxøÜndkeLIg
TaMg
10
stþsJ¦a:nehIy mindl´nUvkarrnÆt´eRBaHP&y manP&yGMBIRmwK
óbcarsmaZiç
sahav yk¡ nig GarkSTwkCaedIm CaGñkGt´sg,t´:nnUvP&yd*
TaMgLay eQμaHza Gb|nasmaZi . smaZi TaMg 2 y¨agenaH
Bnøwk CaGñkGt´sg,t´kúñgesamnsS nig eTamnsS:n mindl´nUv
eQμaHza CaZm(KWRBHeyaKI:ncMerInehIy eRBaHkmμdðanTaMgenaH KW
kars\b´s\l´ nig karTg<wHcitþ kñúg«dðarmμN¾ nig GnidðarmμN¾TaMg
elak:ncMerInehIy . eRBaHehtudUecñaH x\MúeBalehIyza ²kar
Lay . mYyeT[t Pikú¡enaH CaGñkmanR:C\aeRcIn CaGñkmanRBH
BN(nanUvesckþI énbTenH za smaZi etIRtUvcMerIn y¨agdUcemþc/
niBVaneQμaHGmt;CaTIbMput ß ebImindUecñaHeT CaGñkmansuKtiCaTI
cb´sBVRKb´ehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg³ dUecñHÉg .
RbRBwtþeTA kñúgkalxagmux edayRbkardUecñH .
GñkmanR:C\a Kb|IesBKb´ oCab´Canic© nUvZatuvvdðan enH EdlmanGanuPaBeRcIn y¨agenH EdlRBHeyaKId* RbesIr dUcCasIh; Zøab´Rbsb´mkehIy . enHKWCaPavnanieTÞs énctuZatuvvdðan .
srubsmaZinieTÞs ‘233’ cMENkÉ bJØakmμÉNa Edlx\MúeZVIehIyedayn&y mann&yCaedImza ²GVI eQμaHza smaZi /
EdleQμaHza smaZi
edayGtæzadUcemþc/ ³ dUecñH edIm|IsMEdgesckþIBisþar nign&yén karcMerInsmaZiç kñúgbJØakmμenaH GdðkzaCaeRK]gBN(nanUvesckþI
nig
kñúgcitþEdlCacMENkxagedIménGb|na PaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy
eQμaHza
kñúgkmμdðand*ess
‘GanisgSénkarcMerInsmaZi’ k*BaküÉNaEdlx\úMeBalehIy za ²GVICaGanisgS énkar
cMerInsmaZi/³ dUecñHç kñúgBaküenaH manesckþIeqøIyza GanisgS énkarcMerInsmaZi man 5 Rbkar mankarrs´enACasux kñúgbc©úb|nñ CaedIm .
‘mankarenACasuxkñúgbc©úb|nñCaGanisgS’ BitdUecñaHEmn Pikú¡TaMgLayNa CaRBHGrhnþ manGasv; Gs´ehIy cMerInnUvsmaZi edaytaMgcitþza ²eyIgnwgcUlsmabtþi mancitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy nwgenACasuxRsYl Gs´mYyézá³ dUecñH karcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi rbs´Pikú¡CaRBHGrhnþTaMgenaH eQμaHza
énbTenHza ² etIsmaZi Kb|IcMerIn y¨agdUcemþc/ ³ dUecñH :ncb´
mankarrs´enACasuxRsYl kñúgbc©úb|nñ CaGanisgS . eRBaHehtu
ehIy edayRbkarTaMgBYg edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHÉg .
enaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²mñalcunÞ; EttzaKt min
smaZienHenaH man 2 y¨agbu¨eNÑaH Edl:nGZib|ay ehIy kúñgTIenH KW; óbcarsmaZi 1 Gb|nasmaZi 1 . bNþa smaZi TaMg 2 y¨agenaH PaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYy kñúgkmμdðan
Tan´oeQμaHZm(TaMgnu@Hza CaesckþIpUrpg´ kñúgGriyvin&yeT RKan´ EtoeQμaHZm(TaMgnu@Hza
CakarenAsb|aykñúgbc©úb|nñ
vin&yEtbu¨eNÑaH³ dUecñHCaedIm .
kñúgGriy-
visuTÆimK< ERb
329
‘manvibsSna CaGanisgS’
330
smaZinieTÞs
edayR:C\a ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .
‘manPBviessCaGanisgS’
TaMgkarcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi TaMgkarcMerInnUvóbcarsmaZi edayn&yénkar:nnUvOkaskñúgTIcegÁ{t rbs´RBHesk¡;nigbuzuC¢n
Pikú¡ CabuzuC¢nTaMgLayNa> manQanminsabsUnüehIy
TaMgLayGñkcMerIn edaymanbMNgza ²eyIgTaMgLay ecjGMBI
kalR:zña nUvkiriyaekItkñúgRBhμelakza ²eyIgnwgekIt kñúgRBhμ
smabtþiehIynwgeZVIvibsSna edaymancitþEdltMkl´enAmaM³ dUecñH
elak³
eQμaHza manvibsSnaCaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaHCabTdðan én
karcMerInnUvGb|nasmaZi rbs´Pikú¡CabuzuC¢nTaMgLayenaH eQμaHza
vibsSna . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za
manPBviessCaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaH CaKuNnaMmknUvPBd*
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay GñkTaMgLay cUrcMerInnUvsmaZiç mñalPikú¡TaMg
viess . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²cuH
Lay Pikú¡ mancitþtMkl´maMehIy rEmgdwgc|as´ tamesckþI ‘1’
buK<lTaMgLay cMerInbfmCÄan y¨agOnzy etIekItkñúgPBNaç
Bit³ dUecñHCaedIm .
rEmgeTAekItCamYynwgBYkeTvta Can´RBhμ:risC¢a ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCa
‘manGPiJ¦aCaGanisgS’
dUecñHkþI
kalminR:zñakþI
rEmgminsabsUnücaksmaZiç
edIm . cMENkkarcMerInGb|nasmaZi rEmgnaMmknUvPBd*viess
cMENk Pikú¡TaMgLayNa júaMgsmabtþi 8 oekItehIy cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ecjBIsmabtþiehIyR:zñaeZVIGPiJ¦a TaMgLay Edlmann&ydUcelakeBalehIyza ²mnusSmñak´eZVI o
KWsuKti Can´kamavcr 6 Can´ dUcKñaEdr .
‘mannieraZCaGanisgS’ cMENkÉRBHGriyTaMgLayNa júaMgsmabtþiTaMgLay 8
eTACamnusSeRcInnak´k*:n ‘2’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm oekIteLIg:n .
oekIteLIg ehIycUlnieraZsmabtþi cMerInsmaZi edayKit za
karcMerInGb|nasmaZi rbs´Pikú¡TaMgLayenaH eQμaHzamanGPiJ¦a
²eyIgTaMgLay CaGñkminmancitþ dl´nUvnieraZniBVan enACasux
CaGanisgS eRBaHsmaZienaH kalebIehtu ‘Edlnwgo:n nUv
kñúgbc©úb|nñ Gs´ézáTaMgLay 7 ³ dUecñHç
GPiJ¦a’ manRBm CabTdðanénGPiJ¦a:n .
RBH
rbs´RBHGriy;TaMgLayenaH eQμaHza mannieraZ CaGanisgS .
manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mYyeT[t Pikú¡enaH begÁancitþeTA edIm|I
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²R:C\a kñúgkar
Zm(EdlRtUveZIVoCak´c|as´
cMerIny¨agsÞat´ edayjaNcriya 16 nig edaysmaZicriya 9
rEmgdl´ nUvPaBKYrCabnÞal´
eRBaHehtuenaH
edayR:C\aNa>ç
kalebIehtumanç
kñúgZm(enaH> eRBaHeZVIoCak´c|as´
1- suÇ sMÇ xÇ PaKTI 20 TMB&rTI33 . 2- GMÇ qÇ PaKTI 46 TMB&rTI 3 .
karcMerInGb|nasmaZi
eQμaHza jaN kñúgnieraZsmabtþi³ dUecñHCaedIm . 1– suÇ GMÇ tiÇ PaKTI41 TMB&rTI 379 . 2- GPiÇ PaKTI82 TMB&rTI 333 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
331
enHCaGanisgS énkarcMerInsmaZi 5 Rbkar mankiriyaenA CasuxRsYl kñúgbc©úb|nñCaedIm dUc:nBN(namkenHÉg .
eRBaHehtudUecñH bNÐitminKYrRbmaT kñúgkarRbkbnUv karcMerInsmaZi EdlmanGanisgSeRcInCaGenk Ca eRK]gCRmHnUvmnÞil KWkielseLIy . k*smaZi kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< EdlRBHman RBHPaKRTg´sMEdgehIy edayZm(CaRbZan KW sIl smaZi nig bJ¦a
edayRBHKazaenH
dUecñHCaedIm
za
²sIel
KWx\úM:nGZib|aycb´ehIy
btidðay
nera
sbeJ¦a³
332
smaZinieTÞs nieTÞs TI 7 eQμaH qanusStinieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 8 eQμaH essanusStinieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 9 eQμaH RBhμviharnieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 10
eQμaH Garub|nieTÞsç
nieTÞs 2 KW bdikUlsJ¦a nig Zatuvvdðan CanieTÞs TI 11 . x
x
x
edayesckþImanRbmaN
bu¨eNÑHÉg . briecäT TI11 eQμaHsmaZinieTÞs kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´kiriyajúaMgsaZuCn orIkrayTYeTA cb´CasMercehIy edayGm|a¨lenHÉgehag . x
x
x
‘bTsrubnieTÞsEdl:neBalmkehIy’ nieTÞs TI 1 eQμaH sIlnieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 2 eQμaH Zutg<nieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 3 eQμaH kmμdðanK<hNnieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 4 eQμaH bfvIksiNnieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 5 eQμaH essk,siNnieTÞsç nieTÞs TI 6 eQμaH GsuPnieTÞsç
visuTÆimK< ERb
333
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
334
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
citþtMkl´enAmaM brisuTÆ pUrpg´ minmanTITYlKWkiels R:scak
‘234’ «LÚvenH karcMerInsmaZienH KWx\úM:neBalehIyza
óbk,iels Cacitþd*Tn´Pøn´ smKYrdl´kargar fitenA dl´nUvPaB
²manGPiJ¦aCaGanisgS³ edayGMNacénelakiyGPiJ¦aTaMgLay
minrMeCIbrMCYy y¨agdUecñHehIyç rEmgnaMcitþcUleTA begÁancitþcUl
ÉNaç RBHeyaKIGñk:nsMercctutæCÄan kñúgksiNTaMgLayman
eTA
bfvIksiNCaedImehIy Kb|IeZVIesckþIBüayam edIm|IjúaMgGPiJ¦a
eRcInRbkar KWmnusSmñak´ oeTACaeRcInnak´k*:n ‘1’ ³dUecñHCaedIm
TaMgLayenaH odl´RBmç eRBaHza kalebIeZVI:n y¨agdUecñaHç karcMerInnUvsmaZienaH
rbs´RBHeyaKIenaH
nwgCasmaZiEdlman
GanisgS KWxøÜn:nehIypg nwgCasmaZi d*x¢ab´x¢ÜnCagpgç RBH eyaKIenaH CaGñkRbkbRBmehIy edaysmaZiPavna d*x¢ab´x¢ÜnCag EdlmanGanisgS KWxøÜn:nsMercehIy nwgjúaMgkarcMerInnUvbJ¦a odl´RBm
edayRsYlEmnBit
eRBaHehtuNaç
eRBaHehtuenaH
eyIgTaMgLay nwgR:rBÆ nUvGPiJ¦akza Camun . ‘elakiyGPiJ¦a 5’ k*elakiyGPiJ¦aTaMgLay 5 KW ; 1- «TÆiviZ
sMEdgb\TÆiepSg> :nç
2- TiBVesatZatujaN
R:C\aGacsþab´dwg:n nUvsMeLg
rbs´mnusS nig eTvta edayesatZatuEdlCaTiBVç 3- ecetabriyJ¦aN R:C\aGackMNt´dwgTwkcitþGñkdéT:nç 4- bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN
R:C\aGacrB\kCatimun:nç
5- stþanM cutUb:tJ¦aN R:C\aGacdwg:n nUvkarcuti nig bdisnÆi rbs´stVTaMgLay KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy edayn&yza ²Pikú¡enaH kalebI
tamEbbénb\TiÆç
RBHeyaKIenaH
:nnUvkartak´Etgb\TÆi:nCa
edIm|IRTg´sMEdg nUvGanisgSénkarcMerInsmaZipg edIm|IRTg´sMEdg nUvZm(d*RbNIt elIslb´éRkElgpg dl´BYkkulbuRtTaMgLay Edl:nsMercsmaZi kñúgctutæCÄanehIy .
‘viZIGb´rMcitþ’ bNþaelakiyGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaH RBHeyaKI GñkeZVICadMbUg manbMNgedIm|IeZVInUvkareZVInUvb\TÆiepSg> manCaedImza ²mnusSEt mñak´Ég eZVIoeTACamnusSeRcInnak´:n³ dUecñH Kb|IjúaMgsmabtþi TaMgLay 8 > kñúgksiNTaMgLay 8
manOTatk,siN CaTIbM
put oekIteLIg ehIyGb´rMcitþ edayGakar;TaMgLay 14 enH KW
ksiNanuelameta
edaykarcUlkan´QanbeNþayeTA
tamlMdab´énksiNç
ksiNb|dielameta
edaykarcUlkan´QansaRcas
eLIgmkvij tamlMdab´énksiNç
ksiNanuelamb|dielameta
edaykarcUlkan´Q an
beNþayeTAtamlMdab´énksiN nig cUlkan´QansaRcaseLIg mkvij tamlMdab´énksiNç 1- suÇ TIÇ sIÇ
PaKTI 15
TMB&rTI 203 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
Qananuelameta
335
edaykarcUlkan´Qan beNþayeTA
336
smaZinieTÞs cMENkkarcUl tamlMdab´énkarRcas dUcKñaenaHEdr cab´
epþImGMBIOTatk,siNmk eQμaHza karcUlbRJ©asksiN .
tamlMdab´énQanç
Qanb|dielameta
edaykarcUlkan´QanRcasmkvijç
Qananu e lamb|di e lameta
edaykarcU l kan´ Q an
‘karcUledayGnuelamnigbdielaménksiN’ karcUlQaner]y> edayGMNacGnuelam nig bdielam y¨agenH KW ; cab´epþImGMBIbfvIksiNmk rhUtdl´OTatk,siN
beNþayeTAtamlMdab´énQan ehIysaRcaseLIgmkvijç
Qananuk,nþketa
edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgQanç
cab´epþImGMBIOTatk,siN rhUtdl´bfvIksiN eQμaHza karcUl
ksiNuk,nþketa
edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgksiNç
edayGnuelam nig bdielam tamlMdab´énksiN .
Qank,siNuk,nþketa
edaykarcUlepøaHrMlgTaMgQan
TaMgksiNç
Gg<sg,nþieta
edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg<ç
GarmμNsg,nþieta
edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾ç
énQan .
edaykarkMNt´nUvGg<ç
²k*kñúgGakar;TaMgnu@H
dUcemþc / .l.
karGnuelamtamksiN
etI
karkMNt´nUvGarmμN¾ etIy¨agdUcemþc / ³ .
‘cUltamlMdab´ksiN’ eqøIyza ; Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cUlQanGs´var; 100dg xøH Gs´var; 1ç000dgxøH kñúgksiNTaMgLay 8 edaylMdab´ y¨agenHKW ²cUlQankñúgbfvIksiN bnÞab´mk kñúgGae:ksiN³ dUecñHç karcUlQanenH eQμaHza GnuelamtamksiN .
‘cUlbRJ©asksiN’
‘karcUlRcasQan’ karcUlQaner]y>
cab´epþImGMBIenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytn;
rhUtdl´bfmCÄan eQμaHza karcUlRcasQan .
GarmμNvvdðabneta edaykarkMNt´GarmμN¾ . sYrza
karcUlQaner]y> tamlMdab´ cab´epþImtaMgBIbfmCÄan mkrhUtdl´envsJ¦anasJ¦aytn; eQμaHza karcUltamlMdab´
Gg<armμNsg,nþieta edaykarRbRBwtþiknøgGg< nigGarmμN¾ç Gg<vvdðabneta
‘karcUltamlMdab´énQan’
‘karcUlQanTaMgtamlMdab´TaMgbRJ©as’ karcUlQaner]y> edayGMNackarcUltamlMdab´ nig bRJ©as y¨agenH KW; cab´epþImGMBIbfmCÄan rhUtdl´envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan nig
cab´epþImGMBIenvsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan
eQμaHza karcUlQan tamlMdab´ nig bRJ©as .
‘karcUlepøaHrMlgQan’ ÉkarminrMlgnUvksiN EtrMlgnUvQan edayPaBRbkb edaycenøaHEtmYy y¨agdUecñH KW ; cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN
visuTÆimK< ERb
337
338
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
ehIycUlnUvttiyCÄan kñúgbfvIksiNenaHEdr bnÞab´mk ebIknUv
karcUlkan´QanEtmYy kñúgksiNTaMgGs´ y¨agenH KW
bfvIksiNenaHvij ehIycUlGakasanJ©aytnCÄan bnÞab´mk
RBHeyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN rYccUlbfmCÄanenaHEdr
cUlGakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan dUecñH eQμaHza cUlrMlgnUvQan .
kñúgGae:ksiN .l. cUlbfmCÄanenaHvij kñúgOTatksiN
RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVIkarRbkb EdlmanmUlénksiN man
dUecñH eQμaHza cUlRbRBwtþknøgnUvGarmμN¾ .
‘karRbRBwtþiknøgTaMgGg<TaMgGarmμN¾’
Gae:ksiNCaedIm y¨agdUecñH .
‘karcUlrMlgnUvksiN’
kiriyaknøgnUvGg<TaMgLay nig GarmμN¾TaMgLay eday
edayPaBRbkbeday
GMNacénPaBRbkb edaycenøaHEtmYy y¨agdUecñH KW RBHeyaKI
cenøaHEtmYy edayn&yenHza ²RBHeyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvI-
cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIycUlTutiyCÄan kñúgGae:-
ksiN ehIycUlbfmCÄanenaHmþgeT[t kñúgeteCaksiN tmk
ksiN cUlkan´ttiyCÄan kñúgeteCaksiN ehIycUlctutæCÄan
kñúgnIlksiN bnþmkeT[t kñúgelahitksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza
kñúgvaeyaksiN ebIkeLIgnUvnIlksiN ehIycUlkan´Gakasa-
karcUlrMlgksiN .
nJ©aytnCÄan
karminrMlgQan
EtrMlgksiN
‘karcUlrMlgTaMgQanTaMgksiN’ eyaKI cUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIy bnÞab´mk cUlnUv kñúgeteCaksiN
ehIyebIknUvnIlksiN
GMBIbItksiN
cUl
kan´GakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan GMBIelakhitksiN cUlkan´envsJ¦a
karrMlgnUvQanpg nUvksiNpg edayn&yenHza ²RBH
ttiyCÄan
cUlviJ¦aNJ©aytnCÄan
nasJ¦aytnCÄan GMBIOTatksiN dUecñH eQμaHza karRbRBwtþi knøgTaMgGg<TaMgGarmμN¾ .
‘karkMNt´Gg<Qan’
cUlnUv GMBI
ÉkarkMNt´RtwmEtGg<Qanbu¨eNÑaH y¨agenH KW; RBHeyaKI
elahitksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza cUlrMlgTaMgQanTaMgksiN .
kMNt´za bfmCÄan manGg< 5 ehIykMNt´za TutiyCÄan man
‘karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg<’
Gg< 3 kMNt´za ttiyCÄan manGg< 2 ehIykMNt´za ctutæ-
GakasanJ©aytnCÄan
ehIycUlnUvGakiJ©J¦aytnCÄan
cMENkkarcUlbfmCÄan kñúgbfvIksiN ehIycUlQan TaMgLayeRkAGMBIenH kñúgbfvIksiNenaHdUcKñaEdr eQμaHza kar
CÄan GakasanJ©aytnCÄan .l. envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnCÄan k*manGg< 2 dUcKñaEdr dUecñH eQμaHza kMNt´nUvGg< .
‘karkMNt´GarmμN¾’
RbRBwtþiknøgnUvGg< .
‘karRbRBwtþiknøgnUvGarmμN¾’
mYyeT[t
karkMNt´RtwmEtGarmμN¾bu¨eNÑaH y¨agdUecñH
KW
visuTÆimK< ERb
339
340
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
RBHeyaKI kMNt´za ²enH CabfvIksiN³ ehIykMNt´za ²enHCa
:nsMercGb|naehIy
Gae:ksiN³ .l. za ²enH CaOTatksiN³ dUecñH eQμaHza
kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IGb´rMcitþ edayGakar;
karkMNt´nUvGarmμN¾ .
14 y¨ag:n’ . ZmμtakardMENgnUvb\TÆiepSg> KWCaPar; rbs´RBH
ÉGacarüBYkmYy cg´:nnUvkarkMNt´nUvGg< nig GarmμN¾ .
eyaKavcr
.
bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI
Edl:nTUnμancitþ
edayGakar;
14
mYyBan´kþI
y¨ag
eRsc
bu¨EnþeRBaHkarkMNt´nUvGg<nigGarmμN¾enaH minmkehIy kñúgGdðkza
ehIy . bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBan´kþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUb
TaMgLay eTIbkarkMNt´Gg< nig GarmμN¾enaH minEmnCaRbZan
bu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IdMENgb\TÆiepSg>:n’ . eQμaHza Pav;
énkarcMerIn edayBit .
énkarcUlkan´Qan :ny¨agqab´rh&s KWCaPar;énRBHeyaKavcr
‘kareZVIb\TiÆ CaPar;Zán´’
Edl:nsMerc nUvkardMENgb\TÆi .
BaküEdlza RBHeyaKavcrEdlCaGaTikmμik; min:nGb´rMcitþ edayGakar 14 y¨agenH dUc:neBalmkenH min:ncMerInPavna kñúgkalmunmk nwgjúaMgkareZVIb\TÆiepSg> osMerc:n enH minEmn CaehtuCaTItaMgeT .
eRBaHza karbrikmμksiNhñwgÉg KWCaPar;
bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYy
Ban´kþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eQμaHza CaGñkcUlQan:n y¨agqab´rh&s . esckþIza kulbuRtmYyrUbenaH eRb[bdUcCaRBHrki¡tetær Gñk manvsSa
8
rab´BIóbsm|Tamk
kñúgbNþaPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi
man
Zán´ rbs´RBHeyaKavcr EdlCaGaTikmμik; . bNþakulbuRtmYy
cMnYn 30ç000 rUb Edlnimnþmkkan´Kilanubdðan rbs´RBHezr;
rykþI mYyBan´kþI kulbuRtEtmYyKt´ eTIbGac ‘edIm|Ibrikmμ:n’ .
eQμaHmhaerahNKutþetær kñúgvtþeQμaHezrmÖtæl; y¨agenaHÉg .
kareZVI ‘bdiPaK’ nimitþoekIteLIg CaPar;Zán´ rbs´RBHeyaKavcr
GanuPaB rbs´elak RtUvGdðkzacarüeBalehIy kñúgbfvIksiN-
Edl:neZIVksiNbrikmμehIy .
nieTÞsÉeNaH . k*RBHezr; eXIjGanuPaBenaH rbs´RBHrki¡tetær
bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYy
Ban´kþI kulbuRtEtmYyrUbbu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IeZVInimitþoekIt
enaHehIyeBalza
eLIg:n’ .
kalebInimitþ ekIteLIgehIyç karjúaMgnimitþenaH o
manehIyç eyIgTaMgGs´Kña Kb|ICaGñkdl´nUvkartiHed[l za ²Pikú¡
cMerIneLIg rhUt:nsMercdl´Gb|na KWCaPar; ‘rbs´RBHeyaKa-
TaMgLay min:nGacehIy edIm|InwgrkSanUvnaKraC³ dUecñHç eRBaH
vcr’
kulbuRtEtmYyrUb
ehtuenaH eQμaHzaGavuZ KWGñkKb|Ikan´ykedayxøÜnÉg ehIyRtac´
karGb´rMcitþRKb´
eTAç karEdlGñkCMrHERcHoGs´sinehIy kan´ykeTA eTIbKYr³ .
.
bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI
mYyBan´kþI
bu¨eNÑaHeT eTIbGac ‘edIm|IsMercdl´Gb|na’ . RKan´ edayGakar; 14 y¨ag
KWCaPar; rbs´RBHeyaKavcr Edl
²mñalGavuesa
Pikú¡ 30ç000 rUbenaH
RbsinebIRBHrki¡tetær
fitenAkñúgOvaT rbs´RBHezr;ehIy
nwgmin
k*:n
visuTÆimK< ERb
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342
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
CaGñkmankiriyacUlQan:nqab´rYsran´ . k*sUm|IkalebImankar
R:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvPaCn¾oEbøk eZVInUvdIsÁit oCadIKWxøÜnbMb¨nlÁehIy
cUlQan:nqab´rh&sç PaBCaTIBwg énbuK<ldéT KWCaPar; .
oTn´Bit ehIyeTIbeZVI dUecñaHÉg . EtRBHeyaKIGñkbribUreday
bNþakulbuRtmYyrykþI mYyBan´kþI kulbuRtEtmYybu¨eNÑaH eTIb
ehtuxagedIm
Gac ‘edIm|ICaTIBwgénGñkdéT:n’ . kulbuRtrUbenaH bIdUcCaRBH
RtwmEtctutæCÄan kñúgksiNTaMgLay k*KYredIm|IeZVI:n .
ezr; Gñk-kalebIePø{gCavikar;énregIkePøIgKWmaroRbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúgTIbUCaeQμaHKiriPNÐvahn; sagnUvEpndI BÆd*GakasehIy kar BarePø{gCavikar;énregIkePøIg:ny¨agenaHÉg . EtsMrab´buK<lviessTaMgLay GñkEdlmanesckþIBüayam CaeRK]gRbkbkñúgxagedIm d*mankmøaMg manRBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig RBHGK<sav&kCaedIm Etev[rcakPavnanuRkm KWkarGb´rMcitþtam lMdab´
manRbkardUc:neBalmkehIyenH
kardMENgnUvb\TÆienH
pg KuNTaMgLaydéT manbdismÖiTaCaedImpg rEmgsMerc:n edayGMNacénkiriya:ncMeBaHnUvRBHGrhtþEmnBit . eRBaHehtu dUecñaH RBHeyaKavcrEdlCaGaTikmμik; Kb|ITUnμancitþo:neRsc edayGakar;
14
y¨agenHehIy
edayGMNacénkarcUl
‘Qan’
eZVIcitþoTn´
oKYrdl´kargar
eZVIq&nÞ;oCaRbZan
eZVIcitþoCa
RbZan eZVIviriy;oCaRbZan nig eZVIvimMsaoCaRbZanpg eday
sUm|ImankarsÞat´CMnajRbRBwtþeTAehIy
kñúgKuN
‘viZIeZVIesckþIBüayam’ ‘235’ k*RBHeyaKI Kb|IeZVIesckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb kñúg kareZVI«TÆiviZ; osMercnu@H edayviZINaç RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg´ sMEdgnUvviZIenaH
²esa ÉvM smahiet cietþ
eTIbRTg´Rtas´za
RBHeyaKIenaH kalebIcitþtaMgenAs)b´ehIy³ dUecñHCaedIm . enHKWCaBaküvinicä&y
tamlMGanénn&y:lI kñúg«TÆiviZJ¦aN
enaHhñwgÉg . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²esa³ :ndl´RBHeyaKI Gñk:nsMercctutæCÄanehIyenaH .
Baküza ²ÉvM³ enH CaBakü
sMEdgecjnUvlMdab´énctutæCÄan . manBaküGZib|ayza; :n cMeBaHnUvctutæCÄan
tamlMdab´énkar:nsMerc
cab´edImtaMgGMBI
kar:nnUvbfmCÄanmkenH . bTza ²smahiet³ KWtaMgenAs)b´ ehIy
edayctutæCÄansmaZienH
.
bTza
²cietþ³ sMedAyk
rU:vcrcitþ .
ehIyKb|IeZVI
cMENkkñúgbTTaMgLayd*ess manbTza ²brisueTƳ dUecñH
esckþIBüayamCaeRK]gRbkb edIm|I«TÆiviZJ¦aNcuH eRb[bbIdUcCa
CaedIm manvinicä&ydUcteTAenH . ‘citþ’ eQμaHza brisuTÆehIy
CagmasGñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUveRK]gRbdab´oEbøk eZVImasoTn´ o
eRBaHPav;KWesckþIbrisuTiÆénsti edayGMNacénóebk¡a . k*eRBaH
KYrdl´kargarBit edayviZITaMgLay mankarpøMúePIøgCaedIm ehIy
citþbrisuTÆhñwgÉg eTIbeQμaHza pUrpg´ GZib|ayza CaEdnpSay
eTIbeZVI y¨agdUecñaHÉgç mYyeT[t eRb[bbIdUcCanaysμÚnqñaMg Gñk
ecjénrsμI .
GMNac
‘eZVIo’
CavsI
manGavC¢nvsICaedImpg
eQμaHza
minmanTITYl KWkiels eRBaHPav;énTI
visuTÆimK< ERb
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344
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
TYlKWkiels manraK;CaedIm bnSat´bg´ehIy edaykiriyasmøab´
mansTÆaCaedIm hYgEhgrkSaehIy . EmnBit citþEdlsTÆarkSa
nUvbc©&yTaMgLaymansuxCaedIm . eQμaHza manóbki,els eTA
ehIy rEmgminjab´j&r edayPaBminmansTÆaç citþ Edlviriy;
R:sehIy eRBaHPav;énTITYlKWkielsminmanhñwgÉg . EmnBit
rkSaehIy rEmgminjab´j&r edayPaBx¢ilRcGUsç citþEdlsti
citþ rEmgesAhμg edayTITYlKWkiels . eQμaHza CacitþTn´
rkSaehIy rEmgminjab´j&r edayesckþIRbmaTç citþEdlsmaZi
eRBaHPav;Cacitþ EdlRBHeyaKI:nGb´rMlÁehIy GZib|ayza Ca
rkSaehIy rEmgminjab´j&redayesckþIraymayç citþEdlbJ¦a
citþdl´ehIynUvkarsÞat´CMnaj . eRBaHcitþRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGMNac
rkSaehIy rEmgminjab´j&r edayGviC¢aç citþEdldl´ehIy nUv
eTIbehAza citþTn´ . eRBaHPav;éncitþTn´hñwgÉg eTIbeQμaHza KYr
BnøÅ rEmgminjab´j&r edayPaBggwtKWkiels . citþEdlZm(TaMg
dl´kargar GZib|ayza
.
6 enH rkSaehIy Cacitþdl´nUvPaBminjab´j&r . citþEdldl´
BitEmn citþTn´ CacitþKYrdl´kargar eRb[bbIdUcCamas EdlCag
RBmehIyedayGg< 8 dUceBalmkenH eTIbCacitþKYrdl´GPinIhar
BRgab:nlÁehIy y¨agenaHÉg . k*citþTn´ nig citþKYrdl´kargar
edIm|IkiriyaeZVIoCak´c|as´ edaykarRtas´dwgd*éRkElg nUvZm(TaMg
TaMgBIrenaHÉg ekItman k*eRBaHPav;éncitþEdlRBHeyaKI Gb´rMlÁ
Lay EdlbuK<lKb|IeZVIoCak´c|as´ edayR:C\ad*éRkElg .
Gt´Zn´dl´kargar
Rbkbkñúgkargar
ehIyhñwgÉg . smdUcRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡
Kb|IRCabn&ymYyeT[t . eQμaHza fitenAs)b´ehIy eRBaH
TaMgLay tzaKt rMBwgrkmineXIjnUvsPav;déT sUm|IIEtsPav;
smaZikñúgctutæCÄanç eQμaHza brisuTÆ eRBaHCacitþfitenAqáayGMBI
mYy
CasPav;Tn´pg
nIvrN;ç eQμaHza pUrpg´ eRBaHRbRBwtþknøgnUvGg<manvitk,;CaedImç
KYrdl´kargarpg dUcCacitþenHesaHeLIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm .
eQμaHza minmanTITYl eRBaHminmanZm(EdlqøgcuHkñúgesckþIR:zña
eRBaHPav;éncitþfitenAehIy
manPaBd*brisuTÆ
TaMgLayd*lamk EdlCasRtUvdl´kar:ncMeBaHnUvQan eQμaH
CaedImenaH eTIbeQμaHza fitenAehIy . eRBaHcitþfitenAhñwgÉg
za manóbk,ielseTAR:sehIy eRBaHkiriyaeTAR:s énesckþI
eTIbeQμaHza dl´nUvPaBminjab´j&r GZib|ayza mineXøgeXøag
esAhμgéncitþ manGPiCÄaCaedIm . k*bNÐit Kb|IRCabBaküTaMgBIr
minrMeCIbrMCYy . mYyeT[t eQμaHza fitenAehIy eRBaHfitenAkñúg
y¨agenH tamlMGanénn&y kñúgGg<NsURt nig vtæsURt . eQμaH
GMNacrbs´xøÜn edayPaBéncitþTn´ nig citþKYrdl´kargar eQμaH
za CacitþTn´ eRBaHdl´nUvkarsÞat´ç eQμaHza CacitþKYrdl´kargar
za
eRBaHcUleTAdl´PaBCa«TÆi:Tç eQμaHza fitenAehIy eRBaHcUl
EdlbuK<lcMerInehIy
eZVIoeRcInehIy
kñúgKuNTaMgLay
dl´nUvPaBminjab´j&r eRBaHPav;éncitþRtUvKuNCatiTaMgLay
1- suÇ GMÇ ÉÇ
PaKTI 40 TMB&rTI 18 .
eTAdl´PaBRbNIt edayPaBeBjeljénPavna eQμaHza dl´
visuTÆimK< ERb
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346
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
nUvPaBminjab´j&r . GZib|ayza citþ CaZmμCatdl´nUvPaBmin
:nCaesþccRkBtþi kñúgGnaKtkal dUecñHç esckþIR:zña rbs´
jab´j&r edayRbkarNaç fitenAehIy edayRbkarenaH . citþ
citþKhbtIenaH rEmgsMerc:n eRBaHkartaMgcitþR:zña rbs´Gñk
RbkbedayGg< 8 edayn&yenH CacitþKYrdl´GPinIhar KWCa:T
mansIl CakiriyabrisuTÆsÁat ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
CabTdðan edIm|IkiriyaeZVIoCak´c|as´ edayR:C\ad*éRkElg nUvZ(m TaMgLay
EdlbuK<lKb|IeZVIoCak´c|as´
edayR:C\ad*éRkElg
y¨agdUecñHÉg .
n&ymYyeT[t stVTaMgLay rEmgsMerc edayKuNCatenaH eRBaHehtuenaH KuNCatenaH eQμaHza b\TÆiu . GZib|ayza Baküza ²rEmgsMerc³ enH esckþIza CaGñksMerc cMerInruger]g CaGñkdl´
‘236’ Kb|IRCabvinicä&y kñúg:lIza ²RBHeyaKI naMcitþcUl
nUvKuNd*x¬g´x¬s´³ dUecñH . ‘b\TÆi 10 y¨ag’
eTA begÁancitþcUleTA edIm|IsMEdgb\TiƳ dUcteTAenH . eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæza karsMerc GZib|ayza edayGtæ
b\TÆienaH man 10 y¨ag .
dUcRBHsarIbuRteBalza Baküza
za ekItplpg edayGtæza :ncMeBaHpg . eRBaHza vtæúNa
²b\TÆi TaMgLay³ :ndl´b\TÆi 10 y¨ag . RBHsarIbuRt eBal
ekItpl buK<l:ncMeBaHnUvvtæúNaç vtæúenaH elakehAza rEmg
BaküdéTeT[tza ²b\TÆiTaMg 10 y¨ag etIdUcemþcxøH/³ . b\TÆi 10
sMerc .
y¨agenaH KW ;
smdUcCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²kalstV
R:zña nUvkamNaç ebIkamenaH sMercdl´stVenaH ‘1’ . KñaenaHEdr .
:lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi eRBaHenk¡mμ; sMercç
n&ydUc eQμaH
za :diharü eRBaHkMcat´bg´ç eQμaHza b\TÆi eRBaHGrhtþmK<sMercç eQμaHza :diharü eRBaHkMcat´bg´ ‘2’ ³ . n&ymYyeT[t eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc . Baküza b\TÆienH CaeQμaHénkiriyadl´RBmedayó:y . EmnBit ó:ysm|Ta rEmgsMerc eRBaHkiriyaesayplEdlxøÜnR:zñaehIy . dUcCaRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²EmnBit citþKhbtIenHÉg Ca GñkmansIl manZm(d*lÁ RbsinebInwgb¨gR:zñaza; GatμaGjKb|I 1- suÇ xuÇ PaKTI 54 TMB&rTI 265 .
2- suÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 315 .
1- GZidðana «TÆi
2- vikuBVna «TÆi
3- menamya «TÆi
b\TÆi sMercedaykarGZidðanç b\TÆi edaykareZVIoEbøkç b\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþç
4- jaNvi:öra «TiÆ
b\TiÆ EdlpSayecjBIGrhtþmK<J¦aNç
5- smaZivi:öra «TiÆ
b\TÆi EdlpSayecjmkGMBIsmaZiç
6- Griya «TÆi
7- kmμvi:kCa «TÆi 8- buJ¦veta «TÆi
9- viC¢amya «TÆi
b\TÆi rbs´RBHGriy;ç b\TÆi EdlekItmkGMBIkmμvi:kç b\TÆi rbs´buK<lGñkmanbuNüç b\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIviC¢aç
1- suÇ sMÇ sÇ PaKTI 36 TMB&rTI 223 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
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10- ttæ ttæ smμabeyaKbc©ya «CÄnedðn «TÆi
348
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
‘4- jaNvi:örb\TÆi’
b\TÆi eRBaH
GtæzasMerc eRBaHbc©&yénkarRbkbRtwmRtUv kñúgkic©enaH> ‘1’ .
‘1- GZidðanb\TÆi’
KuNviess EdlekItedayGanuPaBénjaN kñúgkalmunkþI kñúgkalCaxageRkaykþI eRBaHkarRbRBwtþieTAénjaN eQμaHza b\TÆi
bNþab\TÆiTaMgenaH b\TÆi EdlRBHsarIbuRtsMEdgEvkEjk y¨ag
KWkarpSayecjénjaN . smdUcCaRBH:lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi
enHza ²Pikú¡EtmYyrUbeT edayRbRktI Etnwkcg´o:neRcInrUb KW
KWkarpSayecjénjaN eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbg´ nUvesckþI
nwkcg´oeTACamYyryrUbkþI mYyBan´rUbkþI mYyhμÅnrUbkþI luHnwkcg´
sMKal´za eT[g edaykarBicarNaeXIjza mineT[g .l. eQμaH
ehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza; sUmoGatμaGj manrUbeRcIn³
za b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénjaN eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbg´nUv
dUecñHCaedIm
kielsTaMgBYg edayGrhtþmK< ‘dUcCa’ b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én
‘2’ eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarGZidðan eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH
jaN rbs´RBHBakul; d*manGayu b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénjaN
sMercehIy edayGMNacénkarGZidðan .
rbs´RBHsMkic©;
‘2- vikuBVnb\TÆi’ b\TÆi EdlmkehIy eday:lIy¨agenHza ²RBHGPiPUenaH lH bg´ePTCaRbRktI
ehIysMEdgePTCakumarxøH
d*manGayu
nwg
b\TÆi
KWkarpSayecjénjaN
rbs´RBHPUt:l d*manGayu ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHBakul;’
sMEdgePTCanaK
sMEdgePTCakgTahanEbøk> KñaxøH ‘3’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm
bNþaRBHezr;TaMgbIenaH Cabfm RBHBakul;d*manGayu enA
eQμaHza b\TÆ KWkareZVIoEbøk eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH RbRBwtþeTAeday
ekμgenAeLIy kñúgézámg<l RtUveKpáÚtTwk kñúgsÞwg Zøak´ehIykñúgExS
GMNackarlHbg´ePTRbRktI nig eZVIoxusEbøk ‘BIePTRbRktI’ .
Twk edayesckþIRbEhsénemnM . RtIelbnUvkumarenaH ehIy:n
‘3- menamyb\TiÆ’
eTAkan´kMBg´énRkugBaraNsI . GñkRbm¨g´RtI cab´RtIenaH:nehIy
xøH
.l.
kñúgsasnaenH
kñúgkMBg´enaH k*lk´eTAoPriyaénesdðI . PriyaesdðIenaH k*ekIt
nimμit nUvkaydéT GMBIkayenH manrUbEdlsMercGMBIcitþ³ dUecñHCa
esckþIcUlcitþelIRtI ehIyeBalza ²x\úMnwgGaMgRtInu@HxøÜnÉg³ dUecñH
edIm eQμaHza b\TÆi EdlsMercGMBIcitþ eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaHRbRBwtþ
kMBugEtvH k*Rsab´EteXIjTark dUcCarUbCavikarénmas kñúgeBaH
eTA edayGMNacénkarekIteLIg énsrIr;déTeT[t EdlsMercmk
RtI k*ekItesckþIesamnsSza ²GatμaGj:nkUnehIy³ dUecñH .
GMBIcitþ BÆd*xagkñúgénragkay .
PaBminmanéneraK kñúgeBaHénRtI
b\TÆi
EdlmkehIy
edayn&yenHza
1- suÇ PaKTI 71 TMB&r 264 .
²Pikú¡
2- TMB&r 269 . 3- TMB&r 277 .
1- suÇ xuÇ
eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjén
PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 278 .
visuTÆimK< ERb jaN
rbs´RBHBakul;d*manGayu
eRBaHPaBminmaneraKkñúgeBaHénRtIenaH énRBHGrhtþmK<J¦aN dUecñH .
349
CaGñkekIt
kñúgPBCaTIbMput
ekItehIy
EdlelakKb|I:n
350
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
Tan´ecjmkvijenAeLIy TVarbiTehIy .
edayGanuPaB
eraK Gs´raRtImanyambI xageRkARkug sUm|ICaTIRtac´eTA énykS
edayGtþPaBenaH
sahav eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayeTAénjaN tamn&yEdlelak
k*bNÐitKb|IsMEdger]g ‘RBHBakul;’ edayBisþar .
eBalehIyenaHÉg .
‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsMkic©;’ k*kalRBHsg,ic©etær
PaBEdlTark minman
taMgenAkñúgK(PenAeLIy
k*bNÐit Kb|IsMEdger]g oBisþarpg .
‘5- smaZivi:örb\TÆi’ matak*:neZVI
KuNviess EdlekItehIy edayGanuPaBénsmz; mun ß
mrNkaleTA . kalEdlmataenaH RtUveKelIkeLIgkan´eCIgz,r
eRkaysmaZi ßk* kñúgxN;énsmaZienaH b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj
cak´edayeQIRsYcehIydutç Tark b¨HeRK]gRbharRtg´knÞúyEPñk
énsmaZi . smdUcRBHd*manRBHPaKRtas´za ²eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkar
edaycugeQIRsYc :nERskehIy . lMdab´enaH BYkmnusSTaMg
pSayecjénsmaZi eRBaHseRmcGtæénkarlHbg´ nUvnIvrN;TaMg
Lay k*:ndak´TarkenaHcuHehIy edayKitza ²TarkenAmanCIvit³
Lay edaybfmCÄan
dUecñH vHeBaHrYcehIy k*:noTarkeTACIdUn . TarkenaH RtUvCIdUn
smaZi eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbg´nUvGakiJ©J¦aytnsJ¦a eday
enaH EzTaM luHZMcMerInv&yehIy k*eTAbYs :nsMercnUvRBHGrhtþ
envsJ¦anasJ¦aytnsmabtþi ‘dUcCa’ b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én
RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay . PaBminmaneraK elIeCIgz,rénós
smaZi rbs´RBHsarIbutþd*manGayuç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi
tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy y¨agenHÉg eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkar
rbs´RBHsJ¢Iv;manGayuç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbs´RBH
pSayecjénjaN rbs´RBHsgi,c©; d*manGayu .
xaNuekaNÐJ¦; d*manGayuç
‘jaNvi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHPUt:l’ er]gmYyeT[t ÓBuk rbs´PUt:lTark CamnusST&lRk kñúg
eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecj én
b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbs´
ó:sikaeQμaHótþraç b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbs´ó:sika eQμaHsamavtI ‘1’ ³ .
‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsarIbuRt’
TIRkugraCRKwH . ÓBukenaH eTAkan´éRBedayreTH edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´ós pÞúkóseRscehIy eTAdl´TICitTVarRkugkñúgeBlláac .
.l.
bNþaRBHezr;TaMgenaH
kalRBHsarIbuRtd*manGayu
Kg´enA
CYnRKaenaH eKaTaMgLayrbs´Kat´ edaHecjBInwmehIy k*cUleTA
Ek|rjkPñMeQμaHte:t; CamYynwgRBHmhaemaK<løanetær ekarsk´
kan´TIRkug . ÓBukenaH okUntUcGg<úyelITUkreTHehIy k*eTAtam
ehIyzμI> Gg<úykñúgTIval kñúgraRtIxagexñItç manykSkMNacmYy
daneCIgeKaTaMgLay :ncUleTAkan´TIRkugpgEdr . kalKat´min
1- suÇ
xuÇ
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 280 .
visuTÆimK< ERb TukCaykSCasMLaj´hamXat´
351
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
elI
²enHCadg<t´³ :ndak´begVcRTBüTaMgGs´ xagelIRBHezr;Etmþg .
:nekItehIydUcCasMeLgénemX
kalBYkecarTaMgenaHsMrakehIyecjeTAç RBHezr;ecjBIsmabtþi
kñúgkalNaç kñúgkalenaH RBHezr;cUlsmabtþiehIy kñúgsm&y
ehIyedayGMNacénkiriyakMNt´nUvkal kñúgkalCaTIkan´yknUv
CaTIRbharrbs´ykSenaH . RKaenaH GaBaZtictYcmin:nekItman
begVcRTBüEdlecardak´ehIyCadMbUg . BYkecarTaMgenaH eXIjnUv
dl´elak eRBaHkarRbharenaHeLIy . b\TÆienH eQμaHzab\TÆi KWkar
Gakar;kMerIk rbs´RBHezr;ehIy k*P&yrt´EckpøÚvKñaeTA . RBHezr;
pSayecjénsmaZi rbs´RBHsarIbuRtd*manGayuenaH . Éer]gmk
eBalza ²Enó:skTaMgLay BYkGñkkMuxøaceLIy GatμaCaPikú¡³ .
ehIy kñúgóTanÉeNaH .
BYkecarTaMgenaH mkzVaybg<MehIy bYsedayesckþIRCHzøaEdlfit
RBHeksç
sMeLgEdlKMram
k*:noehIynUvkarRbhar
352
‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHsJ¢Iv;’
enAkñúgRBHezr;ehIy :nsMercnUvRBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTa .
er]gmYyeT[t GñkKgValeKaTaMgLay sMKal´ehIy nUvRBH sJ¢Ivetær EdlcUlnieraZsmabtþiza ²eZVIkalkiriyaehIy³ :n
karminmanGaBaZénRBHezr;EdlRtUvbegVcRTBü 500 kJ©b´ RKb sg,t´ehIykñúgéRBenaH eQμaHza b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi .
‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´ótþraó:sika’
CJ¢ÚnnUvesμA kMNat´eQI nig Gacm¾eKa mkdutePøIg . sUm|Ivtæú RtwmEtcugénecs kñúgcIvrrbs´RBHezr; k*ePøIgmineqHeLIy . kar
cMENknagótþraó:sika CaZIta rbs´buNÑkesdðI . RsIp,a
minmanGnþrayedayePøIgenH eQμaHzab\TÆiKWkarpSayecjénsmaZi
mas eQμaHsirima manesckþIRcENnRKbsg,t´ehIy :neRsac
eRBaHPav;énb\TÆienaH ekItehIy edayGanuPaBénsmz; Edl:n
eRbgd*ekþATaMgxÞH elIk|alnagótþra .
RbRBwtþeTAehIy edayGMNacénsmabtþitamlMdab´rbs´elak .
kñúgxN;enaHÉg . eRbg:nxÞatecjeTA dUcCaTwkxÞatecjBIsøwk
Éer]g mkehIy kñúgRBHsURtÉeNaH .
QUk . enHCab\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZirbs´nagótþraenaH .
‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHxaNuekaNÐJ¦etær’ cMENkRBHxaNuekaNÐJ¦etær
tamRbRktI
nagótþra cUlemtþaehIy
Éer]gbNÐitKb|I ‘sMEdg’ oBisþarcuH .
‘smaZivi:örb\TÆi rbs´RBHnagsamavtI’
CaGñkeRcIneday
smabtþiEmnBit . RBHezr;Gg<enaH Gg<úycUlsmabtþi Gs´mYy
GK<mehsI énRBH:TóeTn RBHnamsamavtI . maKNÐiy-
raRtI kñúgéRBmYy . BYkecar 500 nak´ lYcRTBüeKehIyeTA man
RBahμN¾ R:zñatMENgCaGK<mehsI dl´ZItarbs´xøÜn :noeK
R:zñaedIm|IQb´sMrak edayKitza ²«LÚvenH minmanm©as´RTBü
dak´Bs´GasirBis kñúgBiNrbs´RBHnagsamavtIenaH ehIyTUl
mktampøÚvBYkeyIgeT³ dUecñH
RBHraCaza
kaldak´nUvbegVcRTBü k*sMKal´za
²bBiRtmharaC
RBHnagsamavtI
R:zñacg´eZVIKt´RBH
visuTÆimK< ERb
353
354
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
Gg< cab´Bs´GasirBis rkSaTukkñúgBiN³ . RBHraCaRTg´TtBs´
za minKYrex¬Im kñúgrbs´KYrex¬ImCaedImenH ehAza ²Griyb\TÆi³ eRBaH
enaH RTg´x\al´ehIy elIkeLIgnUvZñÚ edaymanbMNgza ²Gjnwg
ekItmancMeBaHRBHGriyTaMgLay Edldl´ehIynUvkarsÞat´eday
smøab´nagsamavtI³ ehIyes[tnUvkUnsr EdlRtaMehIyedayzñaM
GMNacéncitþbu¨eNÑaH . EmnBit Pikú¡CaRBHxINaRsB RbkbRBm
Bis . RBHnagsamavtI RBmTaMgbrivar :npSayemtþa eTAkan´
edayGriyb\TÆienH
RBHraCa . RBHraCa kalminGacedIm|I:j´ nig minGacedIm|Idak´
nUvZatukþI kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬Im KWminCaTIR:zña eQμaHza CaGñkman
cuHnUvkUnsr:n k*RTg´jab´j&rRbzab´enAehIy . lMdab´enaH RBH
esckþIsMKal´za minKYrex¬ImKg´enAç kaleZVInUvkarpSaynUvGsuPkþI
nageTvITUlRBHGg<za ²bBiRtmharaC etIRBHGg<RTg´lM:kß/³ .
nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mineT[g³ dUecñHkþI kñúgvtæúEdlminKYrex¬Im KW
²eGIx\úMlM:k³ RBHraCaeqøIy . ²ebIdUecñaH sUmRBHGg<RTg´dak´ZñÚcuH³
EdlCaTIR:zña eQμaHza GñkmanesckþIsMKal´zaKYrex¬Im Kg´enA .
RBHnagTUl . kUnsr:nZøak´ehIy Ek|rTICiténRBH:T rbs´RBH
n&ydUcKñaenaHEdr
raCaEtmþg . lMdab´enaH RBHnageTvI TUnμanRBHraCaenaHza ²bBiRt
nUvZatukþI enaHÉg kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬Im nig minKYrex¬Im eQμaHza Gñk
mharaC RBHGg<minRtUvRbTUsþ cMeBaHGñkEdlminRbTUsþtbeT³ .
manesckþIsMKal´za minKYrex¬ImKg´enAç nig kaleZVInUvkarpSay
PaBénRBHraCaminGacedIm|IElgnUvsr dUceBalmkenH eQμaHza
GsuP;kþI nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþza ²mineT[g³ dUecñHkþI enaHÉg kñúgvtæú
b\TÆi KWkarpSayecjénsmaZi rbs´ó:sikasamavtI dUecñHÉg .
EdlminKYrex¬Im nig KYrex¬Im k*eQμaHza CaGñkmanesckþIsMKal´za
‘6- Griyb\TÆi’
kaleZVInUvkarpSayemtþakþI
Pikú¡kaleZVIkarpSayemtþakþI
nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ
nUvkareZVITukkñúgcitþ
minKYrKg´enA . cMENkPikú¡ kaljúaMgqLg<úebk¡a EdleBalehIy
cMENkxagb\TÆi manb\TÆiénCnGñkmankiriyaenA edayesckþI
edayn&yza ²Pikú¡ eXIjnUvrUb edayEPñkehIy CaGñkmineRtkGr³
sMKal´za minKYrex¬ImCaedIm kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬ImCaedIm CaRbRktI
dUecñHCaedIm oRbRBwtþeTA ev[recjnUvGarmμN¾TaMgBIrenaH TaMgkñúg
eQμaHzaGriyb\TÆi . b\TÆi KWPaBGñkx¬g´x¬s´ etIdUcemþc/ . Pikú¡ kñúg
vtæúEdlKYrex¬Impg nig vtæúminKYrex¬Impg k*eQμaHza CaGñkRBegIy
sasnaenH ebIR:zñaza ²GatμaGj Kb|ImanesckþIsMKal´za min
kenþIy manstism|CJ¦; Kg´enA . eRBaHza kñúgbdismÖiTa RBH
KYrex¬Im kñúgrbs´EdlKYrex¬Imç elakk*CaGñksMKal´za minKYrex¬Im
sarIbuRt cMENkesckþIenHÉg edayn&yCaedImza ²sYrza; Pikú¡
kñúgrbs´enaH .l. CaGñkmansμartI dwgxøÜn Rbkbedayóebk¡a
manesckþIsMKal´za minKYrex¬Im kñúgvtæúEdlKYrex¬ImKg´enA etIdUc
kñúgrbs´EdlKYrex¬ImenaH ‘1’ ³ .
emþc/ .
1- suÇ
xuÇ
Emn b\TiÆ manPaBCaGñksMKal´
PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 281 .
eqøIyza; Pikú¡pSayemtþacitþ ß BicarNaza CaZatu kñúg
vtæúEdlminCaTIR:zña³ dUecñH edayRbkary¨agenHÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
355
356
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
b\TÆi manPaBCaGñkmanesckþIsMKal´za minKYr kñúgvtæúEdlKYr Ca
:n mYyGenøIedayesna RbkbedayGg< 4 edayehaceTA rab´
edImenH elakehAza Griyb\TÆi eRBaHekItmancMeBaHRBHGriy;TaMg
taMgGMBIbursGñkcgesH nig GñkrkSaeKaç b\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü
Lay Edl:nnUvecetavsI EtbueNÑaH edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
eQμaHeCatikKhbtIç b\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü eQμaHCdilKhbtIç
‘7- kmμvi:kCb\TiÆ’ cMENkb\TÆi mankareTAtamGakasCaedIm rbs´stVTaMgLay
b\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü eQμaHeXasitKhbtIç b\TÆi rbs´Gñkman buNü eQμaHemNÐkKhbtIç b\TÆi rbs´buK<lGñkmanbuNüZM 5
manstVsøabCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ . dUc:lIza
nak´ç
b\TÆienH eQμaHza b\TÆi rbs´buK<lGñkmanbuNü ‘1’ ³dUecñH .
²sYrza; b\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ etIdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza; b\TÆi rbs´
ebIniyayedayseg¡b KuNviess rbs´buK<lEdlsMerc kñúg
stVsøabTaMgGs´ rbs´eTvtaTaMgGs´ rbs´BYkmnusSxøH rbs´
buJ¦smÖar Edldl´nUvkareBjeljehIy eQμaHza b\TÆi rbs´
stVCavini:tik;xøH enH KWb\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμ³ dUecñH . EmnBit
buK<lGñkmanbuNü .
bNþastVTaMgenaH kareTAtamGakas:n rbs´stVsøabTaMgGs´
k*bNþabuK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMgenaH sMrab´eCatikKhbtI man
ev[rcakQan ß vibsSna Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμç k*dUcKñaenaHEdr
R:saTEkvmNI nig edImkb|RBwkS 64 edIm TMlaynUvEpndI
kareTAtamGakas:n rbs´BYkeTvtaTaMgGs´ nig mnusSBYkxøH
puseLIgehIyç enHCab\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü eQμaHeCatikKhbtI
EdlekItkñúgbfmkb| k*Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIplkmμEdrç dUcKñaenaHEdr
enaH . sMrab´CdilKhbtI manPñMmaskMBs´ 80 htæ ekIteLIg
kareTAtamGakas:n rbs´vini:tik;TaMgLayBYkxøH manCaGaTi¾
ehIy . kalebIeKeZVIesckþIBüayamedIm|Ismøab´ kñúgTI 7 kEnøg
KW yki¡nI Camatarbs´RBHbiyg,rç yki¡nI Camatarbs´ótþrmaNBç
PaBminmaneraK Cab\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNüeQμaHeXaskKhbtI.
yki¡nI eQμaHbusSmitþaç yki¡nI eQμaHZmμKutþa k*Cab\TÆi ekItGMBIpl
Pav;énBEBTaMgLay EdlsMercehIyGMBIrtn; 7 Rbkar R:kd
kmμEdr y¨agenHÉg .
eLIg kñúgRbeTsRtwmEtP¢Ür:nmYyKnøg Cab\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü
‘8- buJ¦veta«TÆi’
eQμaHemNÐkKhbtI . eQμaHza buK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMgLay 5
cMENkÉb\TÆi mankareTAtamGakasCaedIm énviessCnTaMg
nak´ KW; emNÐkesdðI 1ç Priyarbs´Kat´ eQμaHcnÞbTumsiri 1ç
Lay manesþccRkBtþiCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi rbs´buK<lGñkman
kUnRbus eQμaHZnJ¢yesdðI 1ç kUnRbsaRsI eQμaHsumneTvI 1ç
buNü . smdUcRBHsarIbuRteBalza ²b\TÆi rbs´buK<lGñkman
x\MúRbus eQμaHbuNÑ; 1 .
buNü etIdUcemþc/ .
RBHraCa cRkBtþi RTg´esþceTAkan´Gakas
1- suÇ
xuÇ
bNþabuK<lGñkmanbuNüTaMg 5 enaH
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 284 .
visuTÆimK< ERb kúñgeBlEdlesdðIkk´k|alehIy
egIyemIlnUvGakas
357
358
CRguk
RtUv kñúgGMeBIenaH>Cabc©&y eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbg´nUvkiels
RsUv 1ç250 xñg eBjedayRsUvsalIBN(RkhmGMBIGakas .
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
TaMgLayTaMgBYg edayGrhtþmK< ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
kalPriya cab´yk:yRtwmEtmYynaLi ehIyGg<asnUvCnTaMg
É:lImkehIy kñúgnieTÞsénb\TÆiTaMg10 enH k*dUcKñanwg:lI
Lay GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgmUlç :yk*enAEtminGs´Edr . kal
kñúgnieTÞsénb\TÆimunEdr edayGMNacénkarsMEdg nUvesckþIRbkb
EdlkUnRbus
odl´BYkCn
RtUv eBalKWkarRbtibtþidUcKña . cMENkÉb\TÆi EdlmkehIy kñúg
GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgGs´ khabN;TaMgLay k*enAEtminGs´ .
Gdðkzaza ²KuNviessEdlekIteLIgehIy eRBaHeZVIkmμenaH> KW
kalkUnRbsaRsI ykRsUvmYykeJ¢I ehIyeRbIoeKEck dl´Cn
sil|kmμ NanImYy edayGMNacénkareZVInUvviZImank|ÜnreTH Ca
GñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIbTaMgmUl RsUvk*enAEtminGs´Edr . kalx\MúRbus
edIm evC¢kmμ NanImYy karer[nnUvevTTaMgbI karer[nRBHéRtbidk
P¢Üredayng<&lmYy ekItman 14 Knøg KW xagenH 7 Knøg xagenH
TaMgbI edayehaceTA mankarP¢ÜrnigkarsabeRBaHCaedIm eQμaHza
7 Knøg . enHCab\TÆi rbs´GñkmanbuNü énCnTaMg 5 enaH .
b\TÆiedayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvkñúgkmμenaH> Cabc©&y³ .
yknUvzg´khabN;mYyBan´ehIy
‘9- viC¢amyb\TÆi’ cMENkb\TÆi mandMeNIreTAkan´GakasCaedIm énCnTaMgLay manCnGñkRTRTg´ nUvviC¢aCaedIm eQμaHza b\TÆi seRmcedayviC¢a .
kñúgb\TÆiTaMg 10 EdleBalmkenH GZidðanb\TÆi bu¨eNÑaH mk ehIy kñúgbTenHza ²«TÆiviZay³ dUecñH .
Kb|IR:zña vikuBVnb\TÆi nig menamyb\TÆi EmnBit .
smdUc:lIza ²b\TÆisMercedayviC¢a etIdUcemþc/ . BYkGñkviC¢aZr raynUvviC¢aehIy ehaHeTAkan´Gakas:n sMEdgxøÜnCadMrI enAelI GakasTeTk*:n
.l.
sMEdgxøÜnCakgTahanepSg> k*:n .
‘10- ttæ ttæÇÇÇ «CÄnedðn «TÆi’ cMENkkarsMercnUvkmμenaH> eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvenaH> eQμaH zab\TiÆ edayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkbRtUvkñúgkmμenaH>Cabc©&y. smdUc:lIza ²eQμaHza b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkb RtUvkñúgGMeBIenaH> Cabc©&y eRBaHsMercGtæénkarlHbg´nUvkamcänÞ; edayenk¡mμ; .l. eQμaHza b\TÆiedayGtæzasMerc eRBaHkarRbkb
EtkñúgesckþIenH bNÐit
‘EkGtæbT:lI’ ‘237’ bTza ²«TÆiviZay³ esckþIza kñúgcMENkénb\TÆi ßk* kñúgdMENgénb\TÆi . eRcInbTza ²citþM
GPinIhrti GPininñaemti³
esckþIza Pikú¡enaH kalebIcitþenaH KWQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ekIt ehIy
edayGMNacénkarGb´rMcitþ
manRbkardUceBalmkehIy
rEmgbegÁn nUvbrikmμcitþeTA edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kar:ncMENk én b\TÆi KWnaMecj‘nUvcitþ’ cakGarmμN¾énksiNehIy EtgbJ¢Ún ‘nUv citþenaH’omanmuxeq¬aHeTArkkardMENgb\TÆi . bTza ²GPininñaemti³ 1- suÇ
xu
PaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 285 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
359
360
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
esckþIza eZVI ‘nUvcitþ’ oeTreTArkb\TÆi KWoejaceTArkb\TÆi Edl
PUmiCaTIekIténvievk KWbfmCÄan 1 PUmiCaTIekIténbIti nig sux; KW
xøÜnKb|I:n . bTza ²esa³ :ndl´Pikú¡enaH CaGñkmankarksag
TutiyCÄan 1 PUmiCaTIekIténóebk¡anigsux; KWttiyCÄan 1 PUmiCa
kñúgcitþ:neZVIehIy y¨agdUecñaH . bTza ²GenkvihitM³
ERbza
TIekIténevTnaminTuk¡minsux; KWctutæCÄan 1ç enHÉg PUmiTaMg 4
maneRcInEbb KWmanRbkarepSg> . bTza ²«TÆiviZM³ ERbzacMENk
rbs´b\TÆi RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edIm|I
énb\TÆi . bTza ²bc©nuePati³ esckþIza :nesay KW:nBal´ RtUv :neZVIoCak´c|as´ :nsMerc .
kñúgkal«LÚvenH RBHmanRBHPaK kalRTg´sMEdg nUvPav;én cMENkénb\TÆienaHmaneRcIny¨ag eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²Éekabi hutVa³ dUecñHCaedIm . bNþabTTaMgenaH bTza ²Éekabi hutVa³ KW tam RbRktI kñúgeBlmun GMBIkareZVInUvb\TÆihñwgÉg k*CabuK<lEtmYyrUb .
edIm|Ic®g,mkþI
ehati³ esckþIza ‘Pikú¡mYyrUb’ CaGñkR:zña
CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUvkarsVaZüaykþI
CaGñkR:zña
edIm|IsYrRbsñakþI kñúgsMNak´énPikú¡eRcInrUb ‘o’ eTACamYyryrUb k*:n mYyBan´rUbk*:n .
‘«TÆiviZI’ sYrza ²cuHPikú¡rUbenH ekIty¨agenH edayRbkardUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²Pikú¡rUbenaH júaMgPUmi 4 énb\TÆi :T 4 bT 8 mUl 16 énb\TÆi odl´RBmehIy GZidðanedayjaN .
‘PUmi 4 énb\TÆi’ kñúgviZITaMgenaH Qan 4 bNÐiKb|IRCabza PUmi 4 . smdUc CaRBHZmμesnabtI
edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøa kñúgb\TÆi ‘1’ ³ . k*RBHeyaKI QancUlehIy nUvsuxsJ¦apg nUvlhusJ¦a
‘BhuPav:diharü’
BIrbTza ²BhuZa
kareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi edIm|IPaBénkarsÞat´kñúgb\TÆi
eBalehIyza ²PUmi 4 énb\TÆi etIdUcemþc / .
pg ehIyCaGñkmankayRsal Tn´ nig KYrdl´kargar ehIy sMercnUvb\TÆi
eRBaHkarpSaynUvbIti
nig
eRBaHkarpSaynUvsux;
eRBaHehtuNa eRBaHehtuenaH bNþaQanTaMg 4 enaH bNÐit Kb|IRCabQan 3 xagedIm za ²eQμaHza manPUmisMrab´CaeRK]g Rbkb³ eRBaHRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edaybriyayenH . cMENkctutæCÄan eQμaHza PUmiCaRbRktI eRBaHRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:n nUvb\TÆiEmnBit .
‘:Ténb\TÆi 4’ «TÆi:T 4 bNÐitKb|IRCabza :T 4 . smdUcCaRBH:lI za ²b\TÆi man:T 4 etIdUcemþc/ .
Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cMerInnUv
«TÆi:T RbkbedayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T RbkbedayvIriysmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T Rbkb edaycitþsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1 cMerInnUv«TÆi:T Rbkbeday vImMsasmaZi nig bZansg¡ar 1ç enHÉg:TTaMg 4 énb\TÆi RbRBwtþ 1- suÇ
xuÇ
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 264 .
visuTÆimK< ERb eTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi
.l.
361
edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøa kñúgb\TÆi ³ .
362
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
za qnÞsmaZiç Pikú¡enaH júaMgq&nÞ;oekIt RbwgERbg R:rBÆBüayam
k*kñúgnieTÞsén«TÆi:TenH smaZiEdlmanq&nÞ;CaehtukþI man
p<gcitþeLIg taMgBüayammaM edIm|IjúaMgZm(TaMgLay CaGkusl
q&nÞ;d*elIslubkþI eQμaHza qnÞsmaZi . Baküza qnÞsmaZienH
d*lamk EdlminTan´ekIteLIg minoekIteLIg:n .l. TaMgenH
CaeQμaHénsmaZi EdlRBHeyaKIeZVInUvq&nÞ; KWPaBénxøÜnCaGñkcg´eZVI
ehAza bZansg¡arç enHehAza q&nÞ;pg enHehAza q&nÞsmaZipg
oCaGZibtI ehIyeTIb:nsMerc .
enHehAza bZansg¡arpg edayRbkardUecñH . mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
sg¡arTaMgLayEdlCatYénesckþIBüayam eQμaHza bZansg¡ar . Baküza bZansg¡arenH CaeQμaH énesckþIBüayam
enHehAza «TÆi:T RbkbedayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar ‘1’ ³ . sUm|Ikñúg«TÆi:Td*ess k*bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI y¨agenHEdr .
‘bT 8 énb\TÆi’
eBalKWesckþIBüayamRtUv EdljúaMgkic© 4 osMerc . Baküza
²smnñaKtM³ KWRbkbehIy edayqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar .
‘238’ bTTaMgLay 8 manq&nÞ;CaedIm bNÐitKb|IRCabza
Baküza ²«TiÆ:TM³ esckþIza KMnréncitþ nig ectsikd*essEdl
bT8 . smdUcRBH:lIza ²b\TÆi manbT 8 etIdUcemþc/ . ebIPikú¡
eQμaHza :T eRBaHesckþIzaCaTItaMgénqnÞsmaZi nig bZansg¡ar
GaRs&yq&nÞ; ehIy:nnUvsmaZi KW:nnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾
TaMgLay EdlRbkbehIy edayGPiJ¦acitþ Edldl´nUvkarrab´
EtmYy 1ç q&nÞ;minEmnsmaZi smaZiminEmnq&nÞ; q&nÞ;edayELk
za b\TÆi edayGtæzasMerc edaybriyayzaekItpl n&ymYyeT[t
smaZiedayELk 1ç ebIPikú¡GaRs&ynUvvIriy; ehIy:nnUvsmaZi
dl´nUvkarrab´za b\TÆi eRBaHCaeRK]gsMercénstVTaMgLay eday
KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy 1ç vIriy; minEmnsmaZi
briyayenHza CaeRK]gruger]g CaeRK]gcMerIn CaeRK]gd*x¬g´x¬s´ .
smaZiminEmnvIriy; vIriy;edayELk smaZiedayELk 1ç ebI
smdUcCaRBH:lI za ; ²Baküza «TÆi:T :ndl´ evTnaxnÆ
Pikú¡GaRs&ycitþ ehIy:nsmaZi KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾
sJ¦axnÆ sg¡ark¡nÆ viJ¦aNk¡nÆ énPikú¡GñkR:kddUecñaH ³ .
EtmYy
n&ymYyeT[t
eQμaHza
:T
eRBaHCaeRK]gEdlbuK<lKb|I
1ç
citþminEmnsmaZi
smaZiedayELk
1ç
smaZiminEmncitþ
ebIPikú¡GaRs&ynUvvImMsa
citþedayELk
ehIy:nsmaZi
dl´ GZib|ayza CaeRK]gsMerc . :Ténb\TÆi eQμaHza «TÆi:T .
KW:nnUvPaBéncitþ manGarmμN¾EtmYy 1ç vImMsa minEmnsmaZi
Baküza «TÆi:T enH CaeQμaHénZm(TaMgLay manq&nÞ;CaedIm .
smaZiminEmnvImMsa vImMsaedayELk smaZiedayELk 1ç TaMg
smdUcCaRBH:lIza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay ebIPikú¡GaRs&y nUvq&nÞ;
enHÉg bT 8 rbs´b\TÆi RbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi edIm|I:ncMeBaH
ehIy:nnUvsmaZi :nnUvPaBéncitþmanGarmμN¾EtmYyç
enHehA
1- suÇ sMÇ mÇ PaKTI 38 TMB&rTI 291 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
363
nUvb\TÆi edIm|IkareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi edIm|IPaBénkar sÞat´kñúgb\TÆi edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøakñúgb\TÆi³ . eRBaHkñúg:lIenaH qnÞ; KWPaBCaGñkR:zñaedIm|IjúaMgb\TÆi oekIteLIg luHEtRbkbehIykñúg TICamYyKña edaysmaZib¨ueNÑaH eTIbRbRBwtþeTAedIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi . «TÆi:TTaMgLayd*ess manvIriy;CaedIm k*y¨agenaHEdr . eRBaH ehtuenaH bTTaMg 8 manq&nÞ;CaedImenH bNÐitKb|IRCabza elak
‘mUl 16 énb\TÆi’
‘7’ citþ EdlputRsLH rEmgminjab´j&r edaykamraK; eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘8’ citþ EdlminmaneRK]gRbkb rEmgminjab´j&r eday kiels eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘9’ citþ EdlKμanPøWKWkiels rEmgminjab´j&r edayPøWKW kiels eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
kielsmansPaBepSg> ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
PaBéncitþminjab´j&r edayGakar; 16 bNÐitKb|IRCabza mUl 16 . smdUcRBH:lIza ²b\TÆi manmUl 16 etIdUcemþc/ . ‘1’ citþ EdlmineRTam rEmgminjab´j&r edayesckþIx¢il
‘2’ citþ Edlmine:¨geLIg rEmgminjab´j&r edayesckþI revIrvay eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘3’ citþ EdlminTn´eTar rEmgminjab´j&r edayraK; eRBaH
rEmgminjab´j&r
edayBüa:T
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘5’ citþ EdlminGaRs&y rEmgminjab´j&r edayTidði eRBaH ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘6’ citþ EdlminCab´CMBak´ rEmgminjab´j&r edayqnÞraK; eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
EdlminKYreC] eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘12’ citþ EdlmanvIriy;EzrkSa rEmgminjab´j&r edaykar
‘13’ citþEdlmanstiEzrkSa rEmgminjab´j&redayesckþI RbmaT eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘14’ citþ EdlmansmaZiEzrkSa rEmgminjab´j&r eday esckþIraymay eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç EdlminbegÁan
‘11’ citþ EdlmansTÆaEzrkSa rEmgminjab´j&r edayvtæú
x¢ilRcGUs eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
RcGUs eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç
citþ
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
‘10’ citþ EdlmanGarmμN¾EtmYy rEmgminjab´j&r eday
eBalehIyza bT 8 .
‘4’
364
‘15’ citþ EdlmanbJ¦aEzrkSa rEmgminjab´j&redayGviC¢a eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç ‘16’ citþ EdlPøWsVag rEmgminjab´j&r edayggwtKWGviC¢a eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza citþminjab´j&rç TaMgenH CamUl 16 rbs´b\TÆi EtgRbRBwtþeTA edIm|I:nnUvb\TÆi edIm|I:ncMeBaHnUvb\TÆi edIm|IkareZVIoEbøkénb\TÆi
edIm|IbgØÚreTAénb\TÆi
visuTÆimK< ERb
365
366
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
edIm|IPaBénkarsÞat´kñúgb\TÆi edIm|IesckþIekø{vkøakñúgb\TÆi ‘1’³ dUecñH .
GZidðanenaH citþ EdlmanQanCaTItaMg mannimitþCaGarmμN¾ç citþ
esckþIenH TukCaseRmcehIy edaybTza ²ÉvM smaZiet
kñúgbrikmμTaMgLay manmnusScMnYn100 CaGarmμN¾ ßmanmnusS
cietþ³ dUecñHCaedIm k*BitEmnehIy . EtebITukCadUecñaH elak:n
cMnYn 1ç000 CaGarmμN¾ . EtGarmμN¾TaMgenaH ekItman eday
eBalehIy mþgeT[t edIm|IsMEdgnUvPaBénQanTaMgLay man
GMNacénBN( minEmnedayGMNacénbJ¦tþieT. sUm|IGZidðancitþ
bfmCÄanCaedIm CaPUmi Ca:T CabT nig CamUlénb\TÆi . cMENk
k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr KWmanmnusScMnYn100 CaGarmμN¾ ß manmnusS
n&yxagedIm Can&ymkehIy kñúgRBHsURtTaMgLay . n&yenH
cMnYn 1ç000 CaGarmμN¾ . GZidðancitþenaH CacitþEtmYybu¨eNÑaH
mkehIy kñúgbdismÖiTa . elakeBaln&yenH mþgeT[t edIm|IkMuo
RbkbedayrU:vcrctutæCÄan rEmgekIteLIg bnÞab´GMBIeKaRtPUcitþ
P&nþRcLM kñúgsURtTaMgBIr dUecñHk*:n .
dUcCaGb|nacitþ EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgkalmun . BaküÉNa EdlelakeBalehIy kñúgbdismÖiTaza ²edayRbRktI Pikú¡EtmYy
‘GZidðanedayjaN’ ‘239’ ÉBaküza ²jaeNn GZidðhenþa³ esckþIza k*ÉRBH eyaKIenHenaH luHjúaMgZm(TaMgLayenH EdlCaPUmi Ca:T CabT nig CamUl énb\TÆi osMercehIy k*cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ecjehIy zaebIR:zñamnusS 100 nak´ eZVIbrikmμ za ²GatμaGj cUrCamnusS 100 nak´ç GatμaGj cUrCamnusS 100 nak´³ dUecñH ehIy cUlQanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgmþgeT[t ecjehIyGZidðan . RBmTaMgcitþGZidðanhñwgÉg Pikú¡enaH nwgekItCamnusS 100 nak´ . n&ysUm|IkñúgmnusS 1ç000 nak´CaedIm k*n&yenHEdr . RbsinebI ‘eZVI’ y¨agenH min:nsMerc RBHeyaKI RtUveZVIbrikmμmþgeT[tehIy júaMgQanosMerc Gs´var; 2 dg ecjehIy GZidðank*:n . eRBaHkñúgGdðkzasMyutþnikay elakeBalehIyza ²RBHeyaKIcUl ‘Qan’ Gs´var;mYydg Gs´var;BIrdg k*KYr³ dUecñH . 1- suÇ xuÇ
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 266 .
kñúgkar
rUbeT Etnwkcg´o:neRcInrUb KWnwkoeTACamYyryrUbkþI mYyBan´ rUbkþI mYymWunrUbkþI luHnwkcg´ehIy k*GZidðanedayjaNza; sUm oGatμaGjmanrUbeRcIn Pikú¡enaH k*:nrUbeRcIn dUcCaRBHculøbnæk d*manGayu ‘1’ ³ dUecñHç
sUm|IkñúgBaküEdlelakeBalehIy kñúg
bdismÖiTaenaH Baküza ²nwkrMBwg³ elakeBalehIy edayGMNac énbrikmμhñwgÉg . Baküza ²luHnwkehIy k*GZidðan edayjaN³ KWelakeBalehIy edayGMNacénjaNkñúgGPiJ¦a . eRBaHehtu enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI kñúgBaküza GZidðanedayjaNenaH y¨agdUecñHza ²RBHeyaKI nwkcg´o:neRcInrUb bnÞab´GMBIenaH cUl smabtþi
kñúgTIbMputénbrikmμcitþTaMgenaH
ecjGMBIsmabtþiehIy
nwkmþgeT[tza ²sUmoGatμaGjmanrUbeRcIn³ dUecñHehIy GZidðan edayGPiJ¦ajaN 1- suÇ xuÇ
EtmYybu¨eNÑaH
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 269 .
ekIteLIgehIy
kñúglMdab´
visuTÆimK< ERb
367
368
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
éncitþEdlCabuBVPaK bI ß bYn EdlRbRBwtþeTA bnÞab´GMBIGavC¢n-
ehIyTUlza ²bBiRtRBHezr;d*cMerIn kñúgézáEsÁk sUmelakm©as´
citþenaH
edayGMNacénkar
naMykPikú¡500 Gg< mYyGenøIedayRBHmanRBHPaK TTYlcgØan´ kñúg
júaMgcitþosMerc³ dUecñH. cMENkBaküNaEdlelakeBalehIy
pÞHeyIgxM\ú³ . ÉRBHezr; :nTTYlnimnþehIy edayBaküza ²Gatμa
za dUcCaRBHculøbnæk d*manGayuç BaküenaH elakeBalehIy
TTYlnimnþsMrab´Pikú¡d*ess:n elIkElgEtRBHculøbnæk³ . RBH
edIm|IsMEdgnUvkayCabnÞal´ énPaBmancMENkeRcIn . bu¨EnþBakü
culøbnæk QrERskyMEk|rexøagTVarç RBHmanRBHPaK TtRBHenRt
enaH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgedayer]g .
eXIjedayTiBVckú¡ehIy RTg´yagcUleTArkRBHculøbnæk Rtas´za
Edl:neQμaHza
GZidðan‘jaN’
‘er]gRBHculøbnæk’
²eRBaHehtuGVI:nCaGñkyM/³ . elak:nRkabTUler]genaHehIy.
‘240’ :n»mkza bgbÚÁnBIrnak´enaH :neQμaHza bnæk; bNþabgbÚÁnTaMgBIrnak´
mineQμaHza CaGñkGPBV kñúgsasna éntzaKteTç EnPikú¡ cUrGñk
elakbYsehIy k*:nsMercnUv
kMuesayesakeLIy³ ehIyRTg´cab´RBHculøbnækenaH Rtg´edIméd
eRBaHPav;énxøÜnCaGñkekItehIykñúgpøÚv . enaH bgeQμaHza mhabnæk; .
RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²Pikú¡GñkminGac edIm|IeZVIkarsVaZüay
RBHGrhtþ RBmTaMgbdismÖiTaTaMgLay luH:nCaRBHGrhnþehIy
ehIyyagcUleTAkan´vihar
k*:nbMbYsculøbnæk; :nonUvKazaenH za ;
edayb\TÆi ehIyRTg´ENnaMza ²h¾Pikú¡ GñkkalQøInUvkMNat´sMBt´
cUrGñkemIlnUvRBHGg<Irs EdlkMBugEtruger]g dUcCap,a QUk EdlmankøinRkGUb CaTIrIkrayénstVknøg´ man køinmineTAR:sehIy kñúgeBlRBwky¨agdUecñaHç cUrGñk emIlnUvRBHGg<Irs EdlPøWsVag eRb[bdUcCaRBHGaTitü EdlkMBugEtruger]g BÆd*Gakas dUecñaH . RBHculøbnækenaH minGacedIm|IeZVIKazaenaHosÞat´:n eday 4 Ex . RKaenaH RBHezr; :nbeNþjRBHculøbnækenaH ecjBIvtþ
RTg´nimμit
nUvcMENkénkMNat´sMBt´
enH cUreZVInUvkarsVaZüay o:njy> za ²kMNat´sMBt´CaeRK]g naMmknUvZUlI>³ . kalRBHculøbnækenaH eZVIy¨agdUecñaHç kMNat´ sMBt´enaH :nkøayeTACamanBN(exμAehIy . RBHculøbnæenaH:n cMeBaHnUvesckþIsMKal´za ²sMBt´ brisuTÆlÁç eTas kñúgsMBt´enH minmaneTç EtenHCaeTasrbs´ragkay³ dUecñHehIy cuHkan´jaN kñúgxnÆ 5 cMerInvibsSnaehIy k*:njúaMgjaNodl´nUvTICit én eKaRtPUjaN edayGnuelamjaN . RKaenaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´nUvOPasKaza dl´RBHculøbnæk za ;
edayBaküza ²GñkCabuK<lGPBV kñúgsasna³ . k*kñúgkalenaH
raK; tzaKtoeQμaHza ZUlIç EtlMGg tzaKtmin
RBHezr; CaPtþúeTÞsk¾ .
ehAza ZUlIeTç Baküza lMGgenaH CaeQμaHénraK;
eBTüeQμaH CIvk;
cUleTAKal´RBHezr;
visuTÆimK< ERb
369
buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´nUvZUlIKWraK;enaH:nehIy buK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy .
eTas; tzaKtoeQμaHza ZUlIç EtlMGgtzaKt minehAza ZUlIeTç BaküzaZUlIenaHCaeQμaHéneTas;ç buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´ZUlIKWeTas;enaH:nehIy buK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy . emah; tzaKtoeQμaHza ZUlIç EtlMGgtzaKt minehAza ZUlIeTç BaküzaZUlIenaHCaeQμaHénemah;ç buK<lTaMgLayNalHbg´ZUlIKWemah;enaH:nehIy buK<lTaMgLayenaH CabNÐit manenA kñúgsasna rbs´tzaKt EdlmanZUlIeTAR:sehIy .
370
«TÆiviZnieTÞs k*kalRBHd*manRBHPaK esþcyagecjGMBIvtþ
RBHbnæk :nnimitþ nUvGtþPaB Gs´var; KMrb´mYy Ban´ Kg´enAkñúgvtþGm¬v&n CaTIKYrrIkray drabdl´ eBlRbkasPtþkal . lMdab´enaH bursenaH eTAehIy eXIjnUvGaramEdlmanBnøW EtmYy edaysMBt´kasav;TaMgLaymkehIyRkabTUlza ²bBiRt RBHGg<d*cMerIn GarameBjehIy edayPikú¡TaMgLayç x\úMRBHGg< min dwgza; elakm©as´enaH etIGg<NaeT³ . lMdab´enaH RBHmanRBH PaK RTg´Rtas´nwgbursenaHza ²GñkcUreTA GñkeXIjnUvPikú¡Gg<Na muneK cUrcab´nUvPikú¡Gg<enaH Rtg´CaycIBr ehIyeBalza; RBH sasþa RTg´Rtas´ehAelak dUecñHehIy naMmk³ . bursenaH eTA ehIy :ncab´Rtg´CaycIBr rbs´RBHezr;Etmþg . xN;enaHÉg Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtTaMgGs´ k*:t´Gs´ehIy .
RBHezr; bJ¢Ún
‘241’ kñúgkalCaTIbMputénRBHKaza elakutþrZm( 9 Edl
bursenaHeTAvijehIy edayBaküza ²cUrGñkeTAcuH³ ehIysMerc
manbdismÖiTa 4 nig GPiJ¦a 6 Cabrivar :ntaMgenAehIy kñúgéd
srIrkic©mankarlagmuxCaedImeRscehIy k*nimnþeTAmun ehIyKg´
rbs´RBHculøbnækenaHEmnBit . kñúgézáTIBIr RBHsasþa RBmTaMg
elIGasn; EdlbuK<lRkalehIy .
Pikú¡sg¹ RTg´:nesþcyageTAkan´pÞHeBTüeQμaHCIvk; . RKaenaH kñúgeBlCaTIbMputénTwkCaeRK]gcMerIn
kalebIRKUeBTü
eQμaHCIvk
RbeKnyaKUç RBHsasþaRTg´biT:Rt edayRBHhtþ . RKUeBTüCIvk TUlsYrza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIy¨agdUcemþc/³ .
RBHGg<RTg´
Baküza
²dUcRBHculøbnæk
d*manGayu³
elakeBalehIy
sMedAyker]gb\TÆienH edayRbkardUecñH . Pikú¡TaMgLayenaHÉNa EdlGñkmanb\TÞi nimμitehIy kñúger]g EdleBalmkenaHç
Pikú¡TaMgenaH
k*dUcKñaebHbiTnwgPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi
Rtas´za ²kñúgvtþ manPikú¡mYyrUb³ . eBTüCIvkenaH bJ¢ÚnnUvburs
nu@HÉg eRBaHelaknimiμtehIyminkMNt´ . Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆiTaMgLay
eTAedayBaküza ²cUrGñkeTAnimnþykelakm©as´ mko:nqab´³ .
eZVInUvkic©Na> kñúg«riyabzTaMgLay manQr nigGg<úyCaedImkþI
visuTÆimK< ERb
371
372
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
kñúgGakar;TaMgLay mankarniyaysþI nig PaBenAesá{mCaedImkþI
nUvkarsVaZüay nwgsYrnUvbJØa³ dUecñHkþI ehIyKit edayesckþI
Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIy k*eZVInUvkiriyaenaH> dUcKña . RbsinNa
R:zñatic za ²viharenH manPikú¡ticç ebIbuK<lBYkxøH nwgmk nwg
ebI Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacg´eZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLay
nwkza;
omansm|úrepSg> Kñaç BYkxøH fitenAkñúgbfmv&yç BYkxøH fitenA
mYyrUb nwgmanmkBINaç enHCaGanuPaBénRBHezr;edayBit dUecñH
kñúgmCÄimv&yç BYkxøHfitenAkñúgbcäimv&yç m¨üageT[t Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi
ehIy nwgdwgnUvGatμaGj³ dUecñHkþI ehIyR:zñaza ²GatμaGj Ca
R:zñacg´eZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLay omansk´Evg o
buK<lmñak´ kñúgcenøaHEmnBit³ dUecñH Kb|IcUlQan EdlCaTItaMg
mank|alRtegalmYycMeh[g
omancIBr
ecjehIy eZVInUvbrikmμza ²sUmoGatμaGjmanrUbEtmYy³ dUecñH
manBN(RkhmBak´kNþal omancIBrBN(el]g kMBugeZVIkic©kar
ehIy cUlQanmþgeT[t ecjehIyKb|IGZidðanza ²sUm|IoGatμa
epSg> Kña mansUZünUvbT GZib|ayZm( sUZüedaysMeLg sYr
GjmanrUbEtmYy³ . Pikú¡enaHk*manrUbEtmYy CamYyKñanwgGZidðan
nUvbJØa edaHRsaynUvbJØa nig Gb´:Rt edrcIBr RClk´cIBr Ca
citþhñwgÉg . EtPikú¡enaH kalmineZVIy¨agenH xøÜnÉg k*CabuK<lEt
edIm ßza CaGñkR:zñacg´eZVIPikú¡EdlelaknimμitehIyTaMgLaydéT
mñak´EmnBit edayGMNacénkalEdlxøÜnkMNt´ehIyy¨agNa .
eT[t omanRbkarepSg>ç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH ecjcakQanEdl
‘GaviPav:diharü tieraPav:diharü’
omansk´s,Úvr:y
Pikú¡TaMgLayenH
mancMnYnbu¨eNÑH
EtR:kdesμIedayPikú¡
CaTItaMgehIy Kb|IeZVIbrikmμ edayn&yza ²Pikú¡manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH
‘242’ kñúgBaküza ²GaviPavM tieraPavM³ enH Kb|IRCabesckþI
cUrCaGñkbfmv&y³ dUecñHCaedIm cUlsmabtþimþgeT[t ecjehIy
enHza ²Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi eZVIomanPaBkñúgTIRsLH eZVIomanPaBkñúg
eTIbGZidðan . Pikú¡EdlelaknimiμtehIyTaMgLayenaH k*nwg:n
TIxageRkA³ . EmnBit RBHsarIbuRt sMedAykkareZVInUvGaviPav;
dUcCaelakGñkmanb\TÆiR:zñaehIyRKb´Rbkar CamYynwgGZidðancitþ
nig tieraPav;enHÉg eTIbeBalkñúgbdismÖiTa za ²bTza GaviPavM
y¨agenaHÉg . n&y kñúgbTTaMgLaymanbTza ²sUm|ImanrUbeRcIn
esckþIza ‘eZVIo’ CaTIEdlvtæúGVImYyminraMg minbiT:Mg CaTIval
k*rYmmkEtrUbmYyvij:n³ dUecñHCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr .
CaTIc|as´las´ .
k*bu¨Enþn&y
viess mandUcteTAenH .
vtæúGVImYyraMg :Mg biT RKbehIy ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
‘ÉkPav:diharü’ Pikú¡enH luHnimμit oeTACamnusSeRcInnak´ y¨agenHehIy Kit za ²sUmoGatμaGj manrUbEtmYyvij mþgeT[t
bTza tieraPavM esckþIza ‘eZVIo’CaTIEdlman
nwgc®g,m nwgeZVI
‘GaviPav:diharü’ kñúg:diharüBIrenaH 1- suÇ xuÇ
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 270 .
manbMNgcg´eZVI nUv
visuTÆimK< ERb
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374
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
GaviPav:diharü eZVInUvTIggwtomanBnøWkþI eZVInUvTIkM:MgoCaTIval
cMENk rhUtdl´RBhμelak . k*esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdgo
kþI eZVInUvTIminmanrgVg´ oCaTImanrgVg´kþI . etIeZVIy¨agdUcemþc / .
Cak´c|as´ edaykalCaTIyagcuHcakeTvelak .
EmnBit Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH R:zñaedIm|InwgeZVInUvxøÜn ß nUvbuK<ldéT
:n»mkza RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´eZVInUvymk:diharüehIy
edayRbkarEdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéT sUm|IRtUvbiT:MgehIykþI sUm|I
RTg´edaHnUvBYkstVcMnYn 84ç000 ecjBIcMNgehIy RTg´rMBwgza
fitenAehIy kñúgTIqáaykþI k*emIleXIj:nEdr ecjBIQanEdl
²kñúgkalCaTIbMputénymk:diharü GtItBuTÆTaMgLay RTg´esþc
CaTItaMgehIy BicarNa eZVIbrikmμ za ²TIggwtenH cUrkøayeTACa
yageTAkñúgTINa³ dUecñHehIy RTg´:nTteXIjza ²GtItBuTÆTaMg
TImanBnøW³ dUecñHpg za ²TIkM:MgenH cUrkøayeTACaTIval³ dUecñHpg
Ly RTg´esþcyageTAkan´tavtigSBiPB³ . RKaenaH semþcRBHd*
za ²TIminmanvgVg´enH cUrkøayeTACaTImanrgVg´³ dUecñHpg ehIy
manRBHPaK RTg´Can´épÞEpndI edayRBH:Tm¡ag RBH:TTIBIr RTg´
eTIbGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg . RBmCamYy
RbtisðanelIPñMyuKnÆr RTg´elIkRBH:TmunmþgeT[t ehIIyRTg´Can´
nwgGZidðancitþ karGZidðan k*:nsMerc dUcEdlelak:nGZidðan
kMBUlPñMsienru RTg´yagcUleTAcaMRBHvsSa elIépÞénzμmNÐúkm¬l
ehIyEtmþg . CnTaMgLayGñkdéT sUm|IfitenAehIy kñúgTIqáay
kñúgPBtavtigSenaH RTg´R:rBÆsMEdgGPiZmμkza dl´BYkeTvtamYy
k*emIleXIj:n . sUm|IxøÜnÉg R:zñacg´eXIj k*eXIj:nEdr .
EsncRkvaL EdlmkRbCMuKñaehIy cab´epþImGMBIedIm ehIyRTg´
sYrza ² cuH:diharüenH GñkNaZøab´eZVIehIy/ ³ .
eqøIyza
nimμitnUvBuTÆnimμit .
BuTÆnimμitenaH sMEdgRBHZm( ‘CMnYsRBHGg<’ .
²RBHmanRBHPaK Zøab´eZVIehIy³ . EmnBit RBHd*manRBHPaK RtUv
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´esayeQIsÞn´Cavikar;énvløimøÚéRB RTg´Rsb´
nagculøsuPTÞa TUlnimnþehIy kalesþcyageTAkan´Rkugsaekt
RBHP®kþ kñúgGenattþRsH RTg´TTYlnUvbiNÐ:t kñúgBYkCnGñkenA
Gs´ry;pøÚv 7 eyaCn¾ GMBITIRkugsavtæI edaypÞHkMBUl500 Edl
kñúgótþrkuruTVIb RTg´esaycgØan´ enAEk|reqñrGenattþRsH . RBH
visSkmμeTvbuRtnimíμtzVay RTg´GZidðanehIy dUcEdlBYkCnGñkenA
sarIbutetær nimnþeTAzVaybgM<RBHmanRBHPaK kñúgTIenaH . RBHman
kñúgRkugsaekt emIleXIj nUvBYkCnGñkenAkñúgRkugsavtæI:n nig
RBHPaK RTg´RbTannUvn&y dl´RBHezr; za ²enAkñúgézáenH tzaKt
dUcEdlBYkCnGñkenAkñúgRkugsavtæI
sMEdgnUvRBHZm( manRbmaNbu¨eNÑHehIy³ .
emIleXIj
nUvBYkCnGñkenA
RBHd*manRBHPaK
kñuúgRkugsaekt:n y¨agenaHÉg . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´yagcuH
RTg´sMEdg nUvGPiZmμkza mindac´ry; rhUt 3 Ex y¨agenHÉg .
Rtg´kNþalnKrEtmþg
BYkeTvta 80 ekadi :nRtas´dwgZm( eRBaHsþab´GPiZmμkzaenaH .
ehIyRTg´sMEdg
TMlaynUvEpndI
CaBIr
cMENk rhUtTl´GvicInrk nig RTg´EvkbgØaj nUvGakas CaBIr
cMENkBYkbris&T RbmaN 12 eyaCn¾ EdlmkRbCMuKñaehIy kñúg
visuTÆimK< ERb
375
376
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
ézásMEdgymkb|adiharü :nKitKña za ²BYkeyIg nwgCYbnUvRBH
zVaybgM<nUvRBHTsBlehIy cuHmktampøÚvEdlelaknimnþmkhñwg
manRBHPaK
k*:ne:HCMMrM
Ég :ndl´sMNak´ énmnusSTaMgLayehIy . kñúgkalCaTIeTA
:nbMerIBYkCnenaH
nig kalCaTImkenaHÉg RBHezr; :nGZidðanolμmEtmnusSTaMg
fitenAehIy
CamunsinehIyswmeTA³ .
dUecñHehIy
ÉculøGnazbiNÐikesdðIvij
edaybc©&yRKb´Ebby¨ag .
LayeXIjnUvelak:n . RBHmhaemaK<løanetær :neZVI:diharü
mnusSTaMgLay :nGgVrnUvRBHGnuruTÆetær edIm|Io:ndwgza
EdlmanPaBR:kdenH kñúgTIenHmun . RBHezr;enaH nimnþmkehIy
²RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Kg´enAkñúgTINa³ . RBHezr; cMerInGaelak-
y¨agenH :nR:b´nUvdMNwgenaH ehIyeBalza ²GñkTaMgLaykMueZVI
ksiN :neXIjRBHmanRBHPaKEdlcUleTAKg´caMRBHvsSa kñúg
esckþIsMKal´za qáayGVI luHTTYlTan:yRBwkrYcehIy cUrecj
PBtavtigSenaH edayTiBVckú¡ luHeXIjehIy k*:nR:b´ehIy .
eTA³ dUecñH .
BYkmnusSTaMgenaH GgVrRBHmhaemaK<løanetær edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´R:b´esþceTvta RBHnamsk,; za
karzVaybgM< cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHezr; muCERCkmhaRbwfBI
²bBiRtmharaC kñúgézáEsÁk tzaKt nwgeTAkan´mnusSelak³ .
Rtg´kNþalénbris&ThwñgÉg ERCknUvPñMsienru RkabzVaybgM< nUv
esþceTvta Rtas´bg<ab´visSkmμeTvbuRtza ²En: kñúgézáEsÁk RBH
RBH:TTaMgLayénRBHmanRBHPaK ehIyegIb eT[b:TmUlénRBH
d*manRBHPaK esþcR:zñayageTAkan´mnusSelak cUrGñknimμit nUv
tzaKt ehIyRkabTUlBaküenH nwgRBHmanRBHPaKza ²bBiRtRBH
reb[bénCeNþIrTaMgLay 3
Gg<d*cMerIn BYkCnGñkenAkñúgCm¬ÚTVIb zVaybgM<RBH:Ta énRBHmanRBH
CaR:k´ CeNþIrmYyCaEkvmNI³ .
PaK niyayKñaza BYkeyIgxúM\ :neXIjehIyBit k*nwgeTAvij³
tamRBHtRmas´ehIy .
KW; CeNþIrmYyCamas
CeNþIrmYy
visSkmμeTvbuRtenaH :neZVI
dUecñH . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalemaK<løan «LÚvenH
kñúgézáTIBIr RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Kg´enAelIkMBUlPñMsienru RTg´
etIRBHZmμesnabtI bgRbusrbs´Gñk enAkñúgTINa /³ . RBHmha
TtRBHenRtemIlnUvelakZatu kñúgTisxagekIt . EsnéncRkvaL
emaK<løanRkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn enAkñúgsg,sSnKr³ .
TaMgLay minEtmYy CaTIRsLH R:kdehIy hak´bIdUcCaTIlan
RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalemaK<løan CnTaMgLayNa cg´eXIj
EtmYy . k*RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´TtRBHenRteXIjnUvTIRsLHTaMg
tzaKt CnTaMgenaH cUrmkkan´sg,sSnKr kñúgézáEsÁkç tzaKt
Gs´
nwgcuHkñúgsg,sSnKr kñúgézáEsÁk kñúgézáCaTIeBjénmhabvarNa
TisxageCIg Tisxagt|Úg k*RTg´TtRBHenRteXIjnUvTIRsLH TaMg
nig ézáóe:sz ³ .
Gs´y¨agdUecñaHEdr . sUm|ITisxageRkam k*RTg´TtRBHenRteXIj
RBHezr; RkabTUlza ²RbéBehIy RBHGg<³
edayTisxagekIt
y¨agNamijç
sUm|IedayTisxaglic
visuTÆimK< ERb
377
378
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
rhUtdl´GvIcInrk TisxagelI rhUtdl´GknidðPBn¾ . :n»za
CaedIm :neZVInUvpøit omanmuxcuHeRkamehIy . TIenaH CaTIlan
ézáenaH :neQμaHza CaézáebIkelak . ÉmnusSTaMgLay eXIj
EtmYy rhUtdl´GvicInrk . bnÞab´enaH RBHezr; :neZVInUvpøit o
nUveTvtaTaMgLayç ÉeTvtaTaMgLay k*eXIjnUvBYkmnusSEdr .
manmuxeLIgelIehIy . TIenaH :nCaTIlanEtmYy rhUtdl´eTA
kñúgkareXIjKñaenaH mnusSTaMgLay min:c´egIyemIlmk xag
RBhμelak . RBHezr; sMEdgnUvZm( KMram edayP&ykñúgnrkpg
elIeT
lYgelam edayesckþIsuxkñúgfansYK(pg . Gñksþab´BYkxøH :n
eTvtaTaMgLay
k*min:c´OnemIlmkxageRkamEdr
TaMg
CaRBHesatabnñbuK<l BYkxøH :nCaRBHskTaKamI BYkxøH :nCa
Gs´Kña emIleXIjKñaeTAvijeTAmk cMeBaHmuxEtmþg . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´yagcuH tamCeNþIr Cavikar;énEkvmNI Rtg´kNþalç BYkeTvtaCan´kamavcrsYK(TaMg 6 cuHtamCeNþIr Ca
RBHGnaKamI BYkxøH :nCaRBHGrhnþ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
‘tieraPav:diharü’
vikar;énmas Rtg´xageqVgç suTÆavasRBhμTaMgLay nig mha
cMENkPikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|IeZVInUv:diharüomanPaBCaxageRkA
RBhμTaMgLay cuHtamCeNþIr Cavikar;énR:k´ Rtg´EpñkxagsþaM .
rEmgeZVInUvTIvalRsLH oCaTIggwtxøH eZVInUvvtæúEdlminkM:Mg o
esþceTvta :nkan´yknUv:Rt nigcIBr . mhaRBhμ:nkan´yk
CavtæúEdlkM:MgxøH eZVInUvvtæúEdlmankñúgrgVg´ oCavtæúEdlminman
nUvesVtcäRt RbmaNbIeyaCn¾ . suyameTvbuRt :nkan´yknUv
kñúgrgVg´xøH . eZVIedayRbkardUcemþc/ . k*Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienH man
pøitEdleZVIGMBIeramstV . bJ©six; buRtKnÆB :nkan´ykBiN
bMNgedIm|IeZVInUvxøÜn ß GñkdéT edayRbkarEdlxøÜn nig GñkdéT
manBN(el]g dUcCaEpøeBñATMu RbEvg 3 Kavut eZVInUvkarbUCa cMeBaH
minmanGVIbiT:MgkþI fitenAkñúgTICitkþI k*emIlmineXIjEdr ecjcak
RBHtzaKt cuHmk . eQμaHza stVEdleXIj nUvRBHmanRBHPaK
QanEdlCaTItaMgehIy k*nwkrMBwg eZVIbrikmμza ²TImanBnøWenH cUr
ehIy
min
eTACaTIggwt³ dUecñHkþI za ²TIEdlminbiT:MgenH cUreTACaTIbiT:Mg³
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´:neZVInUv:diharü omanPav;
dUecñHkþI za ²TIEdlmankñúgrgVg´enH cUreTACaTIminmankñúgrgVg´³ dUecñH
minjúaMgesckþIR:zñaoekIteLIg
maneLIy .
edIm|IPaBCaRBHBuTÆ
kþI ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdleBalmkehIynu@HÉg . RBmCamYy
kñúgTIRsLHenHehIy kñúgmhaRbCMuenaH . kñúg
nwgGZidðancitþ karGZidðank*:nsMerc dUcEdlelakGZidðanehIy
tm¬bNÑiTVIb Kg´kñúgRBHlanénectiy kñúgtisSmhavihar sMEdg
hñwgÉg . BYkCndéT sUm|IQrenAkñúgTICit k*emIlmineXIjEdr .
nUvGbNÑksURt za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay Pikú¡GñkRbkbehIy eday
cMENkxøÜnÉg minmanbMNgedIm|IeXIj k*emIlmineXIj .
mü¨ageT[t
RBHZmμTinñetær
GñkenAkñúgRsukeQμaHtLg<r
Zm(bIy¨ag eQμaHza CaGñkRbtibtþinUvesckþIRbtibtþiminxus³ dUecñH
sYrza ²cuHtieraPav:diharüenaH
etInrNa Zøab´eZVIehIy/³ .
visuTÆimK< ERb
379
380
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
eqøIyza ²RBHmanRBHPaK³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´:neZVI
R:kd eQμaHza tieraPav:dihariy¾ ‘:dihariy¾kñúgTIxageRkA’ .
nUvyskulbuRt
edayRbkarEdlbita
kñúgcMeNam:dihariy¾TaMg 2 enaH b\TÆipg buK<lGñkmanb\TÆipg
rbs´elak emIlelakmineXIj . dUcKñaenaHEdr RBHmanRBHPaK
rEmgR:kdEmnBit kñúg:kdb|adihariy¾ . :kdb|adihariy¾enaH
RTg´eZVI nUvkarTTYlRBHmhakbinraC Gs´ry;pøÚv 120 eyaCn¾
Kb|IsMEdg edayymkb|adihariy¾ . EmnBit kñúgymkb|adi-
ehIyjúaMgRBHGg<otaMgenAs)b´ kñúgGnaKamiplpg júaMgGamatü
hariy¾enaH RBHtzaKt RTg´eZVInUvymkb|adihariy¾ kñúgTIenH min
mYyBan´nak´
kñúgesatabtþiplpg
TYeTA edaysav&kTaMgLayeT . :dihariy¾TaMg 2 R:kdehIy
ehIyRTg´eZVIoRBHnagGenaCaeTvIRBmTaMgRsIþCabrivar 1ç000 nak´
y¨agenHKW; KMnrePøIg RbRBwtþeTAGMBIRBHkayxagelI T-Twk RbRBwtþ
Edlyagmk tamlMdab´pøÚv rbs´RBHmhakbinraCenaH sUm|Imk
eTA GMBIRBHkayxageRkam .
EdlKg´kñúgTICitenaHÉg
rbs´RBHGg<
otaMgenAs)b´
dl´ehIy Gg<úyenAkñuúgTICit TtemIlmineXIj nUvRBHraCa RBm TaMgbris&Tç
kalebIRBHnageTvITUlza
etI
manb\TÆi minR:kdeT . G:kdb|adihariy¾enaH Kb|IsMEdg eday
RBHGg<TteXIjRBHraCaEdrßeT/³ RTg´Rtas´za ²etIRBHnagEsVg
mhaksURt nig RBhμnimnþniksURt . EmnBit kñúg:dihariy¾Edl
rkRBHraCaRbesIrCag ßk* EsVgrkxøÜnRbesIrCag/³ kalRBHnag
eBalkñúgsURtTaMgBIrenaH b\TÆiEtmüa¨g rbs´RBHmhak;d*manGayu
TUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn EsVgrkxøÜnRbesIrCag³ dUecñHehIy
nig rbs´RBHmanRBHPaK rEmgR:kdç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi rEmgmin
RTg´Kg´ç eTIbRTg´sMEdgRBHZm( edayRbkarEdl ‘cb´Zm(eTsna
R:kdeT . smdUcCaelakeBalza ²luHcitþKhbtI Gg<úykñúg
ehIy’ RBHnageTvIRBmTaMg®sþI 1ç000 nak´ taMgenAs)b´ehIy
TId*smKYrehIy
kñúgesatabtþipl GamatüTaMgLay taMgenAs)b´ kñúgGnaKamipl
bBiRtelakd*cMerIn sUmRBHmhak;Cam©as´ sMEdgnUv«TÞi:diharü
RBHraCa taMgenAs)b´ kñúgRBHGrhtþ .
n&ymYyeT[t sUm|IRBH
CaZm(rbs´mnusSd*elIslub dl´x\úMkruNaoTan . RBHmhak;
mhinÞetær kaleZVIolμmEtRBHraCa TtmineXIjnUvCnd*essTaMg
eBalza mñalKhbtI ebIdUecñaH cUrGñkRkalsMBt´ótþrasg< RKb
Lay
elI:c´esμA BÆd*reb[g . citþKhbtI TTYlBakürbs´RBHmhak;
EdlmkCamYynwgRBHGg<
²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn
b\TÆiEtmüa¨g rEmgR:kd kñuúgG:kdb|adihariy¾ç buK<lGñk
kñúgézáEdlmkdl´tm¬bNÑTVIb
ehIy k*eQμaHza :neZVItieraPav:dihariy¾enH dUcKañEdr . müa¨gvijeT[t
:dihariy¾
EdlR:kdTaMgGs´
GaviPav:dihariy¾ ‘:dihariy¾kñúgTIval’ .
eQμaHza
:dihariy¾ Edlmin
k*eBaleTAnwgRBHmhak;
d*manGayu
dUecñHza
d*manGayuza RBHkruNa elakm©as´ ehIyk*RkalsMBt´ótþrasg< RKbelI:c´esμA BÆd*reb[g . lMdab´enaH RBHmhak;d*manGayu cUleTAkan´vihar cak´KnøwHTVarehIy
k*tak´EtgnUv«TÆaPisg¡ar man
visuTÆimK< ERb
381
382
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
sPaBdUecñaH bNþalomanGNþatePøIg ecjeTAtamRbehagkUn
²mineTIsTak´³ ERbza minCab´CMBak´ .
esapg tamcenøaHTVarpg eqHnUvesμATaMgLay EtmineqHnUvótþra-
Gakaes³ ERbza dUcCaeTA BÆd*Gakas .
sg<eLIy ‘1’ ³ .
ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi
Baküza
R:zñacg´eTAy¨agenH
²esyüzabi
cUlGakask,siN
sURtmYyeT[tza RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡
ecjehIy BicarNanwkeTACJ¢aMg ß kMEBg ßk* kñúgcMeNamPñM
TaMgLay RKaenaHÉg tzaKtnimμitþnUv«TÆaPisg¡armansPaBdUecñaH
sienru nig PñMcRkvaL PñMNamYyk*:n eZVIbrikmμehIy Kb|IGZidðan
za RBhμ nig RBhμbris&T RBmTaMgRBhμ:risC¢a o»EtsMeLg
za ²sUmoRbeTsn@uHeTACaGakas³ . TIenaH k*køayeTACaGakas
rbs´tzaKtbu¨eNÑaH Etmin:neXIjnUvtzaKteLIy³ dUecñHehIy
Pñam . kalebIGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacg´cuHeTAxageRkamkþI R:zñacg´
RTg´:t´RBHGg<eTAehIy RTg´:nRtas´nUvRBHKazaenH za ;
eLIgeTAxagelIkþI k*manRbehag ‘ebIko’ . sMrab´Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacg´TMluHehIyeTA EtgmanRbehag . Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eTA
tzaKteXIjP&ykñúgPBpg eXIjnUvBYkstVEdlkMBug EsVgrknUvPBpg
ehIymin:neBalsresIr
kñúgRbehagenaH mineTIsTak´eLIy .
KWmin
EsVgrkPBNamYy TaMgminRbkan´ nUvesckþIeRtkGr ‘kñúgPB’ eLIy
‘2’
cMENkRBHtibidkcULaPyetær eBalehIykñúgkareZVI:diharü
³ .
enHza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay karcUlGakask,siN manGVICa RbeyaCn¾ ‘manGVICaGanisgS’ buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|Inimμit
‘edIrTMluHvtæúbiT:MgmanCJ¢aMgCaedIm:n’ ‘243’ bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþIvinicä&y kñúg:diharüenH za ²buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi edIr ‘TMluH’ eTAkan´TIeRkACJ¢aMg TIeRkAkMEBg TIeRkAPñM mineTIsTak´ dUceKedIrkñúgGakas³ dUcteTAenH . bTza
²tierakuDÐM³ ERbza xageRkACJ¢aMg . GZib|ayza
nUvrUbepSg> manrUbdMrI nig esHCaedIm k*cUlksiNmandMrI nig esHCaedIm ERkgPav;CaGñksÞat´CMnaj kñúgsmabtþi 8 eRBaHeZVI nUvbrikmμ kñúgksiNNamYyenaHÉg CaRbmaNç GñksÞat´CMnaj kñúgsmabtþi 8 R:zñavtúæGVI> vtúæenaH> k*sMercÉgminEmneTß/ ³ .
cMENkxageRkAénCJ¢aMg . kñúgbTTaMgLayÉeT[tk*n&yenHEdr .
Pikú¡TaMgLay eBalza ²bBiRtelakd*cMerIn
ÉBaküza ²CJ¢aMg³ enH KWCaeQμaHénCJ¢aMgpÞH . bTza ²kMEBg³
Ég mkehIykñúg:lI eRBaHehtuenaH karcUlGakask,siNenaH
KWkMEBgCuMvijénTITaMgLaymanpÞH vihar nigRsukCaedIm .
Kb|IeBaledayBit³ .
²PñM³ :ndl´ PñMEdlsuTÆEtGacm¾dI ß PñMEdlsuTÆEtzμ . 1- suÇ sMÇ KaKTI36
bTza bTza
TMB&rTI 193 . 2-suÇ PaKTI22 TMB&rTI 373 .
Gakask,siNhñwg
enHCa:lI kñúgGakask,siNenaHza ;
²Pikú¡Gñk:nnUvsmabtþi manGakask,siNCaGarmμN¾ eday RbRktI Etgnwkcg´eTAkan´TIxageRkACJ¢aMg
TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxag
visuTÆimK< ERb
383
384
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
eRkAPñM luHnwkcg´ehIy k*GZidðanedayjaNza sUmoRbeTsnu@H
karmuCcuHeTAkñúgEpndIk*:n³ enHdUcteTA . kareRkakeLIg elak
eTACaGakas³ dUecñHç TIenaH k*:neTACaGakasç
Pikú¡enaH k*edIr
ehAza karegIbeLIg . karliccuH elakehAzakarmuCcuH . kar
‘TMluH’ eTAkan´TIxageRkACJ¢aMg TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxageRkAPñM min
egIbeLIgpg karmuCcuHpg eQμaHza karegIbeLIg nig karmuCcuH .
eTIsTak´ dUcBYkmnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI kaledIreTA
Pikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|InwgeZVIy¨agenH cUlGae:ksiNehIyecj Kb|I
minCab´CMBak´ kñúgTIEdlminmanvtæúGVImYy raMg biT:MgeLIyç ÉPikú¡
eZVIbrikmμkMNt´za ²EpndI kñúgTImanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH cUreTACaTwkcuH³
Edlmanb\TÆi dl´ehIy nUvkarsÞat´CMnaj kñúgcitþenaH EtgedIr
ehIy Kb|IGZidðan tamn&yEdl:neBalehIyhñwgÉg . CamYy
‘TMluH’ eTAkan´TIxageRkACJ¢aMg TIxageRkAkMEBg TIxageRkAPñM min
nwgkarGZidðan
eTIsTak´ dUcCaeKedIreTA kñúgGakas y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ .
CaTwkvij . Pikú¡enaHeZVInUvkaregIbeLIgnigkarmuCcuHkñúgdIenaH:n .
dIkñúgTIEdlelakkMNt´ehIyy¨agNa
k*:neTA
sYrza ²RbsinebIPikú¡enaH GZidðanehIy kMBugEtedIreTAç PñMkþI
:lI kñúgGae:ksiNenaHdUecñHza ²Pikú¡Edl:nnUvsmabtþi
edImeQIkþI puseLIgkñúgcenøaHç Pikú¡Kb|IcUlehIy GZidðanmþgeT[t
manGae:ksiNCaGarmμN¾ edayRbRktI Etgnwkcg´edk kñúgdI
ß/³ . eqøIyza ²minmaneTaseT³ . eRBaHza karcUlsmabtþi
luHnwkehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo‘EpndIRtg´enH’ eTA
ehIyGZidðanmþgeT[t CakarcUlRbEhlKñanwgkarTTYlnUvnisS&y
CaTwk³ dUecñHç TIenaH k*:neTACaTwkç
kñúgsMNak´énRBHóbCÄay¾ .
k*eRBaHPav;énPñMenaH Pikú¡enHGZidðan
kñúgEpndI dUcBYkmnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI eZVInUvkaregIb
ehIyza ²PñMcUreTACaGakas³ dUecñH PñMk*:neTACaGakashñwgÉg .
muckñúgTwkç ÉPikú¡Edlmanb\TÆi dl´ehIynUvkarsÞat´CMnaj kñúgcitþ
k*BaküEdlza ²PñM ß edImeQI déTeT[t EdlsMercGMBIrdUv nwg duHeLIgkñúgcenøaH edaykMLaMgénkarGZidðan kñúgxagedIm rbs´Pikú¡ enaHÉg³ dUecñHenH minEmnCaehtuCaTItaMgeT . karnimμitdMbUgEdl Gñkmanb\TÆiNamYynimμitehIy Canimμitd*mankMLaMg . karnimμitxag eRkay Kb|IeTABÆd*xagelI ß xageRkam énTImanPñMCaedImenaH .
‘egIb nig muCkñúgEpndI:n’ bNÐit Kb|IRCabesckþI 1- suÇ
xuÇ
kñúg:diharüza
bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 270 .
²karegIbeLIg nig
Pikú¡enaH k*eZVInUvkaregIbmuC
enaH EtgeZVInUvkaregIbmuC kñúgEpndI dUcCaeKegIbmuCkñúgTwk:n k* y¨agenaHÉg³ . mYyeT[t minEmnRKan´EtkaregIbeLIg nig muCcuH bu¨eNÑaHeTç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñanUvkic©Na> kñúgkic©TaMgLaymanTwksMrab´ gUt
sMrab´lubmux
sMrab´e:kKk´
nUvPNÐ;CaedIm
k*eZVInUvkic©
enaH> :n . müa¨geT[t minEmnRtwmEtTwkbu¨eNÑaHeT kalebIPikú¡ Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñanUvvtæúNa> sUm|IkñúgvtæúTaMgLay manTwkedaHzøa eRbg TwkXμMú nigs,rGMeBACaedIm
k*nwkBicarNanUvvtæúenaH> ehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
385
386
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
eZVIbrikmμza ²vtæúenHpg> cUreTACavtæúmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑHcuH³ dUecñH
dUecñHehIy Kb|IGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg .
ehIyGZidðanç vtæúenaH k*:ndUcEdlelakGZidðanehIyhñwgÉg .
RBmCamYynwgkarGZidðan TwkkñúgTIEdlelakkMNt´ehIyy¨agNa
kalPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi dkecjehIy eZVIoeTACaPaCn¾ç TwkedaHzøa k*
k*eTACadIEmnBit .
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH k*edIrelIdIenaH .
rEmgeTACaTwkedaHzøaEmnBitç vtæúTaMgLay maneRbgCaedIm rEmg
enHKWCa:lI kñúgkarGZidðanenaHza ²Pikú¡:nnUvsmabtþi man
CavtæúmaneRbgCaedImEmnBitç Twk k*rEmgCaTwkEmnBit . kñúgTwk
bfvIksiNCaGarmμN¾ edayRbRktI Etgnwkcg´edIrelITwk luHnwk
enaH Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH R:zñacg´TTwkenaHÉg eTIbTTwkç minR:zña
cg´ehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo ‘TwkRtg´TIenH’ eTACa
cg´oTTwk k*minTTwkEdr . mYyeT[t EpndIenaH CaTwksMrab´Pikú¡
EpndI³ dUecñHç Twkk*eTACaEpndI Pikú¡enaHedIrelITwkminEbkZøay dUc
Gñkmanb\TÆiEtbu¨eNÑaH . CaEpndIsMrab´Cnd*essdEdl . kñúg
BYkmnusSminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI edIrelIEpndIminEbkZøay y¨ag
EpndIRtg´enaH BYkmnusSsUm|ICaGñkezμIreCIg k*edIreTA:n EtgedIr
Naç ÉPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi dl´ehIynUvkarsÞat´CMnajkñúgcitþenaH edIr
eTA edayvahn;TaMgLaymanyanCaedImk*:n EtgeZVInUvkmμTaMg
eTAelITwkminEbkZøay dUceKedIrelIEpndI y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ .
Lay manksikmμCaedImk*:nEmnBit . RbsinNaebI Gñkman
minRtwmEtedIeTA:nbu¨eNÑaHeTç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñacg´:n
b\TÆienH R:zñaza ²‘dIRtg´enaH’ cUrCaTwk sMrab´mnusSTaMgLay
nUv«riyabzNa> k*eZVInUv«riybzenaH>:n . minRtwmEteZVITwko
enaHpgcuH³ dUecñHç k*eTACaTwkEmnBit . cMENkÉ TIEdlelak
eTACadI:nbu¨eNÑaHeTç sUm|IkñúgvtæúTaMgLay manEkvmNI mas PñM
kMNt´ehIyd*ess elIkElgEtTwk kñúgTITaMgLay mankÁm nig
nig edImeQICaedIm buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñavtæúNa> k*BicarNa
RtBaMgCaedImEdlmanenAtamRbRktI eRBaHknøgnUvkalEdlelak
nUvvtæúenaH> ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdl:neBalehIyhñwgÉg .
kMNt´ehIy rEmgCadIdEdl .
vtúæTaMgenaH k*sMercdUcEdlelakGZidðanEmnBit . k*TwkenaH eTA
‘edIrelITwkminEbkZøay:n’
CadI sMrab´EtGñkmanb\TÆienaHbu¨eNÑaHeTç sMrab´Cnd*ess Kg´enA
‘244’ kñúg:diharüenHza ²edIrelITwkminEbkZøay:n³ enH
CaTwkdEdl . RtIGeNþIk nig stVTaMgLaymanstVEdlekItkñúg
manesckþIGZib|ayza ; buK<lCan´licehIynUvTwkNaç TwkenaH
TwkCaedIm Rtac´eTAepSg> Kña tamesckþIKab´citþ . k*RbsinebI
elakehAza TwkEbk . TwkpÞúyGMBIenH eQμaHzaTwkminEbk . ebI
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienH
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|IedIreTAy¨agenH cUlbfvIksiN ecj
TaMgLaydéTeT[t k*eZVI:nEmnBit .
ehIyeZVInUvbrikmμkMNt´za ²TwkkñúgTIRbmaNbu¨eNÑH cUreTACadIcuH³
1- suÇ
xuÇ
R:zñaedIm|IeZVITwkenaHoeTACadI
edIm|ImnusS
k*edaykarknøgkalEdl
bdiÇ KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 272 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
387
elak:nkMNt´ehIy TwkenaH k*eTACaTwkvijdEdl .
‘eTATaMgEPñnkñúgGakas:n’
388
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
dUcbkSIskuNCati y¨agenaHÉg ‘1’ ³ . cMENkPikú¡GñkR:zñaedIm|IeTABÆd*Gakas Kb|ICaGñk:nnUvTiBV
Baküza ²eTATaMgbløg,³ esckþIza eTATaMgEPñn:n . Bakü
ckú¡pgEdr . sYrza; eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eqøIøyza; ZmμCatiTaMgLay
za ²bkI¡ skueNa³ ERbzastVsøabEdlRbkbedaysøabTaMg2 .
manPñM nig edImeQICaedIm EdlekIteLIgedayGMNacrdUv k*man
k*Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆiR:zñaedIm|IeZVIy¨agenH
cUlbfvIksiNecjehIy
xøH kñúgcenøaH‘pøÚv’ç stVTaMgLay mannaK nig RKuDCaedIm kal
zaebIxøÜnGg<úyehIy R:zñaedIm|IeTA k*Kb|IkMNt´ nUvTImanEPñnCa
RcENn Etgnimμit edIm|IsMEdgdl´Gñkmanb\TÆiTaMgenaHxøH . sYrza
RbmaN eZVIbrikmμ ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy
cuHGñkmanb\TÆi eXIjnUvstVTaMgenaHehIy etIRtUveZVIdUcemþcEdr/ .
hñwgÉgç zaebIxøÜnedkehIy CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeTA Kb|IkMNt´TIman
eqøIyza;
ERKCaRbmaN zaebIxøÜnCaGñkR:zñaedIm|IeTAedayeCIg Kb|IkMNt´
ecjehIy eZVIbrikmμ GZidðanza ²sUmovtæúenaHeTACaGakascuH³ .
TImanpøÚvCaRbmaN eZVInUvbrikmμ ehIyGZidðan tamn&yEdlelak
cMENkRBHezr; eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay karcUl
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi
Kb|IcUlsmabtþi
manQanCaTItaMg
Kb|IkMNt´TItamsmKYry¨ag
smabtþi manGVICaRbeyaCn¾ç ERkgcitþrbs´Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH taMg
enHehIy GZidðanza ²Gakas cUreTACaEpndI³ dUecñH tamn&yEdl
enAmaMehIyEmnBitç Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH GZidðannUvTINa> eday
elakeBalehIyEmnBit . CamYynwgkarGZidðan Gakas rEmg
citþenaHza ²cUreTACaGakas³ dUecñHç TIenaH> :neTACaGakasEmn
eTACadIvij . :lI kñúg:diharüenaH mandUcteTAenH ;
Bit minEmneTß/³ . RBHezr; eBalehIyy¨agenHk*BitEmnehIy
eBalehIyhñwgÉg
eRBaHehtuenaH
Baküza ²eTATaMgEPñnkñúgGakasdUcbkSIskuNCati³ esckþI za Pikú¡GñkEdl:nnUvsmabtþi manbfvIksiNCaGarmμN¾ eday
EtebITukCay¨agdUecñaH k*Kb|IRbtibtþi tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy kñúgtierakuDÐ:diharüÉeNaH .
RbRktI Etgnwkcg´edIrkñúgGakas luHnwkcg´ehIy k*GZidðan eday
müa¨geT[t Pikú¡enH Kb|ICaGñk:nnUvTiBVckú¡ edIm|IkiriyacuH kñúg
jaNza ²sUmoGakaseTACaEpndI³ dUecñH Gakask*eTACaEpndIç
TIEdlCaOkask*:n . eRBaHza Pikú¡enH zaebI cuHkñúgTIminEmnCa
Pikú¡enaH edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykIþ sigkþI kñúgGakasTeT:n dUcBYk
Okas CakMBg´sMrab´gUtkþI CaTVarénRsukkþI KWCaGñkR:kd dl´
mnusSEdlminmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykþI edkkþI
mhaCn eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH eXIj ‘nUvOkas’ edayTiBVckú¡
elIEpndI y¨agNaç ÉPikú¡Edlmanb\TÆi :ndl´ehIy nUvkarsÞat´
ehIy ev[rnUvTIminEmnCaOkas ehIycuHkñúgTIEdlCaOkas .
CMnaj
1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
kñúgcitþenaH edIrkþI QrkþI Gg<úykþI
sigkþI
kñúgGakasTeT
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 272 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
389
‘ykédsÞabGEgÁlRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitük*:n’ kñúg:diharüenHza ²ykédsÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBH GaTitüTaMgenH
Edlmanb\TÆieRcIny¨agenH
manGanuPaBeRcIny¨ag
enH³ manGZib|ayza; PaBénRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü manb\TÆieRcIn
390
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
minmanb\TÆi edayRbRktI Bal´sÞabGEgÁl nUvvtæúGVInImYy Carbs´ manrUb taMgenAkñúghtæ:s y¨agNaç
ÉPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi :ndl´
ehIynUvkarsÞat´CMnajkñúgcitþenaH CaGñkGg<úy ß sig ykédeTA Bal´sÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü k*y¨agenaHÉg .
bNiÐtKb|IRCab edaykiriyaRtac´eTA BÆd*xagelIEpndI Edlman
Pikú¡Edlmanb\TÆienHenaH zaebIR:zña edIm|IeTAsÞabGEgÁl ‘nUv
RbmaNCa 42ç000 eyaCn¾ç PaBénRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü man
RBHc&nÞ nigRBHGaTitü’ k*eTAsÞabGEgÁl:nç Etza ebICaGñkGg<úy
GanuPaBeRcIn bNÐitKb|IRCab eRBaHkiriyaeZVInUvBnøW kñúgTVIbTaMg 3
kþI sigkþI R:zñacg´sÞabGEgÁl kñúgTIenHÉg GZidðanza ²RBHc&nÞ
kñúgxN;EtmYy . mYyvijeT[t eQμaHza manb\TÆieRcIn eRBaHkar
nig RBHGaTitü cUrmankñúghtæ:s³ . Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sÞab
Rtac´eTA BÆd*xagelI‘EpndI’ nig eZVInUvBnøW y¨agenH:nç eQμaHza
GEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nigRBHGaTitü EdlmkfitenAehIykñúghtæ:s
manGanuPaBeRcIn eRBaHPav;énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüenaH manb\TÆi
edaykMLaMgénkarGZidðank*:n dUcCaeKsÞabGEgÁlEpøetñat Edl
eRcInenaHÉg . bTza ²bramC¢ti³ KW sÞabGEgÁl edayCMuvij dUc
rebHcakTg y¨agenaHÉg ß lUkédcab´k*:n . sYrza ²kalGñkmanb\TiÆlUkeTAç
CaeKsÞabGEgÁlnUvépÞénkJ©k´ .
rUbEdlmanviJ¦aNRbkan´
k*b\TÆienH rbs´Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH rEmgsMerc edayGMNac
yklUt ß rUbEdlminmanviJ¦aNRbkan´yklUt/³ . eqøIyza
énQanEdlmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgEtmüa¨g . karkMNt´edayksiN
²eRBaHGaRs&yó:TinñkrUb eTIbGnu:TinñkrUblUt³ . kñúgó:Tinñk;
smabtþi kñúgb\TÆienaH minmaneT . smdUcRBHsarIbuRteBalehIy
nigGnu:Tinñk;enaH RBHtibidkcULnaKetær eBalza ²mñalGavuesa
kñúgbdismÖiTaza; bTza ²«embi
cnÞimsuriey .eb. brimC¢ti³
TaMgLay k*ó:TinñkrUb Carbs´tUcxøH ZMMxøH min:neTß/ ERkgkñúg
manesckþIza Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi kñúgsasnaenH Edl:ndl´ehIy
eBlNa Pikú¡ ‘sMEdgb\TÆi’ ecjeTAtamRbehagTaMgLay man
nUvkarsÞat´CMnajkñúgcitþenaH nwkcg´sÞabGEgÁlnUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBH
RbehagesaCaedIm:n kñúgeBlenaH ó:TinñkrUb Carbs´tUc:n
GaTitü luHnwkcg´ehIy k*GZidðan edayjaNza ²sUmo‘RBHc&nÞ
kñúgeBlNa Pikú¡eZVIGtþPaBoZM kñúgeBlenaH ó:TinñkrUb k*eTACa
ß RBHGaTitü’ mkenAkñúghtæ:s³ dUecñHç ‘RBHc&nÞ ß RBHGaTitü’
ZM:n dUcó:TinñkrUb rbs´RBHmhaemaK<løanetærminEmneTß/³ .
‘er]gnenÞabnnÞnaKraC’
k*:nmkenAkñúghtæ:sç Pikú¡enaH CaGñkGg<úy ß sig ykédeTA Bal´sÞabGEgÁl nUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü:n dUcBYkmnusSEdl
:n»za
sm&ymYy
GnazbiNÐikKhbtI sþab´ZmμeTsna
visuTÆimK< ERb
391
392
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
rbs´RBHmanRBHPaKehIy RkabTUlnimnþza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn
Can´tavtþigS CamYynwgPikú¡ 500 Gg< tamkMBUlénBitanrbs´esþc
kñúgézáEsÁk sUmRBHGg<TTYlnUvP&tþ kñúgpÞHrbs´eyIgx\úMRBHGg< mYy
naKraCenaHÉg .
GenøIedayPikú¡ 500 Gg<³ dUecñHehIy k*ec[secjeTA . RBHd*
k*kñúgsm&yenaH Tidði d*GaRkk´ mansPaBEbbenH ekIteLIg
manRBHPaK RTg´TTYlnimnþehIy RTg´júaMgcMENkénraRtI kñúgézá
ehIy dl´nenÞabnnÞnaKraCza ²minKYrebIBYksmN; RtegalTaMg
enaH oknøgeTAehIy eTIbRTg´RbemIlemIlnUvelakZatumYyhμWn
enH cUl> ecj> PBtavtþigS rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay tamPBxag
kñúgbc©Ússm&y . RKaenaH naKraCeQμaHnenÞabnnÞ; mkkan´rgVg´
elIrbs´BYkeyIgeTç «LÚvenH cab´taMgBIézáenHteTA Gjnwgmino
RBHckú¡ kñúgRbZanénjaN rbs´RBHGg< . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´
BYksmN;RtegalTaMgenH eTAerayZUlIeCIg elIk|alrbs´BYk
rMBwgemIlza ²naKraC eQμaHnenÞabnnÞ;enH mkkan´rgVg´ckú¡ kñúg
eyIg:neT³ . naKraCenaH eRkakeLIgehIy eTAkan´eCIgPñMsienru
RbZanénjaN rbs´tzaKt . etIóbnisS&y rbs´naKraCenH
lHbg´nUvGtþPaBenaH B&TÆB&nÆnUvPñMsienru 7 CMu edayEPñnTaMgLay
manEdrßhñ@/³ dUecñH k*RTg´TteXIjza ²naKraCenH CamicäaTidði min
dkBBar BÆd*xagelI cab´ykPBCan´tavtþigS edayBBarEdlRKb
RCHzøakñúgRBHéRtr&tñeT³ RTg´rMBwgemIlza ²GñkNaeTAhñ@ Kb|IrMgab´
Cit dl´ehIynUvkaremIlmineXIj .
naKraCenH ecjGMBImicäaTidði:n/³ k*RTg´:nTteXIj nUvRBHmha
RKaenaHÉg RBHrdð:l d*manGayu :nRkabTUlnUvBaküenH
emaK<løanetær . lMdab´enaH nakalraRtIPøWc|as´ehIy RBHmanRBH
cMeBaHRBHmanRBHPaKza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn kñúgkalmun x\úMRBH
PaK RTg´eZVInUvkarCMrHRBHsrIr; ehIyRTg´Rtas´ehARBHGannÞd*man
Gg<QrenAkñúgRbeTsenH emIleXIjPñMsienru eXIjsienrubriPNÐ
Gayumkza ²mñalGannÞ cUrGñkR:b´Pikú¡ 500 rUb za tzaKt eTA
eXIjPBtavtþigS eXIjevCynþR:saT eXIjTg´xagelIevCynþ
kan´eTvcarik³ .
R:saTç bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIGVIeTAhñ@Caehtu GVIeTAhñ@Cabc©&y
k*kñúgézáenaH BYknaKraC :ncat´EcknUvTIsMrab´sIupwk sMrab´ nenÞabnnÞnaKraC . esþcnaKraCenaH manesVtcä&Rtd*CaTiBV:Mg KW
kñúgkal«LÚvenH Edlminox\úMRBHGg<emIleXIjnUvPñMsienru .l. minox\úMRBHGg<emIleXIjTg´ elIevCynþR:saTenaH/³ .
BYkGñkr:M 3 Rkum nig naKbris&TecameramehIy CaGñkEBnemIl
RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalrdð:l naKraC eQμaH
nUvviZIesay:ynigTwk EdleKdak´ehIy elIPaCn;TiBVTaMgLay
nenÞabnnÞ;enH eRkaZxwgcMeBaHBYkGñk B&TÆPñMsienru edayEPñnTaMg
elIrtnbløg,d*CaTiBV . RKaenaH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´eZVIolμmEt
Lay 7 CMu :MgedayBBar xagelI eZVIoggwt QrenAehIy³ .
naKraCemIleXIj RTg´yageTA manRBHP®kþeq¬aHeTAkan´eTvelak
RBHrdð:l
RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHGg< nwg
visuTÆimK< ERb
393
394
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
TUnμannUvnaKraCenaH³ . RBHmanRBHPaK minRTg´GnuJ¦ateLIy .
RBHezr; lHnUvGtþPaBenaHehIy cUleTA tamrnÆRtec[kxagsþaM
RKaenaH Pikú¡TaMgGs´Gg< KW; RBHPTiÞy;d*manGayu RBHrahuld*man
rbs´naKraCenaHehIy ecjeTAvij tamrnÆRtec[kxageqVg . RBH
Gayu eRkakeLIgehIy tamlMdab´ .
RBHd*manRBHPaK minRTg´
ezr; cUleTA tamrnÆRtec[kxageqVg ehIyecjeTAvij tamrnÆ
GnuJ¦ateLIy . kñúgTIbMput RBHmhaemaK<løanetær RkabTUlza
Rtec[kxagsþaM . RBHezr; cUleTAtamrnÆRcmuHxagsþaM ehIyecj
²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHGg<nwgTUnμan³ . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´
eTAvij tamrnÆRcmuHxageqVgdUcKña . elakcUleTA tamrnÆRcmuH
GnuJ¦atehIyza ²mñalemaK<løan cUrGñkTUnμancuH³ .
xageqVg ehIyecjeTAvij tamrnÆRcmuHxagsþaM . lMdab´enaH naK
RBHezr; lHbg´nUvGtþPaB nimμitnUvePTCaesþcnaKd*ZM rMuB&TÆ
raC ebIkmat´ehIy . RBHezr; cUleTA tammat´ehIy edIrc®g,m
esþcnaKeQμaHnenÞabnnÞ; edayEPñn Gs´var; 14 dg dak´BBar
eTAmk tamTisxagekIt nig Tisxaglic xagkñúgeBaH‘naKraC’ .
rbs´xøÜn elIk|alénBBarnenÞabnnÞnaKraCenaH ek[brwtehIy Ca
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za ²mñalemaKøløan cUrGñkeZIVTukkñúgcitþ
mYynwgPñMsienru . naKraC bgØúyEpSgehIy . cMENkRBHezr;
za naKraCenH CaGñkmanb\TiÆeRcIn³ . RBHezr; TUlza ²bBiRtRBH
eBalza ²minEmnEpSgmanEtkñúgsrIr;rbs´GñkEtbueNÑaHeTç sUm|I
Gg<d*cMerIn «TiÆ:TTaMg 4 KWx\MúRBHGg<cMerInehIy eZVIoeRcInehIy
kñúgsrIr;rbs´eyIgk*mandUcKñaEdr³ dUecñH bgØúyEpSgehIy. EpSg
eZVIodUcCayan eZVIoCaTItaMgehIy eZVIminokMerIkehIy eZVIozñwk
rbs´naKraC mineb[teb[nRBHezr;eTç EtEpSgrbs´RBHezr; eb[t
ehIy R:rBÆlÁehIyç bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn nenÞabnnÞ; cUrfitenA
eb[nnUvnaKraC . lMdab´enaH naKraC RBYsePøIgehIy . ÉRBH
cuHç xú\MRBHGg< Kb|ITUnμanTaMgry TaMgBan´ TaMgEsn énnaKraCTaMg
ezr;eBalza ²minEmnmanePøIgEtkñúgsrIr; rbs´GñkEtmñak´ÉgeTç
Lay dUcCanenÞabnnÞnaKraC:n³ .
sUm|IkñúgsrIr;rbs´eyIgk*manePøIgdUcKña³dUecñH beJ©jePøIgehIy.
ÉnaKraC Kitza ²smN;enH kalcUleTA KWGjmineXIj
ePøIgrbs´naKraC mineb[teb[nnUvRBHezr;eTç EtePøIgrbs´RBHezr;
munk*huyeTAcuH kñúgeBlecjmkvij «LÚvenH GjnwgRt:k´nUv
eb[teb[nnaKraC . naKraC Kitza ²smN;enH ek[brwtGj Ca
smN;enaH Rtg´cenøaHéncg,Úm ehIynwgTMBaoexÞc³ dUecñHehIy
mYynwgPñMsienru ehIybgØúyEpSgpg beJ©jePøIgpg³ dUecñHehIy
eBalza
sYrza ²Enelakd*cMerIn GñkCaGñkNa/³ . RBHezr; eBalza ²En
sUmkMuedIreTAmk
nnÞ; GatμahñwgÉg CaemaK<løan;³ . naKraCTUlza ²bBiRtelak
:necjmkeTAQrenAxageRkAehIy . naKraC eXIjza ²enHKW
m©as´d*cMerIn sUmelakm©as´fitenA edayPaBénxøÜnCaPikú¡cuH³ .
elak³ ElgeTAehIynUvxül´kñúgRcmuH . RBHezr; cUlehIynUv
²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn xagkñúgeBaH
sUmelakm©as´nimnþecjmk
eZVIox\úMlM:keLIy³
.
RBHezr;
visuTÆimK< ERb
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396
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
ctutæCÄan . xül´minGac edIm|IjúaMgsUm|InUvreNþAéneramrbs´RBH
:nCaRBHGg<RTg´yagmkTaMgézáRtg´/³ . RBHsasþa RTg´Rtas´za
ezr;enaH okMerIk:neLIy .
²s®g<am:nekItehIydl´mhaemaK<løan nignenÞabnnÞnaKraC³ .
:n»mkza Pikú¡d*essTaMgLay minGacedIm|IeZVInUv:diharü
esdðI RkabTUlsYrza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn etIGñkNamanC&yCMnH
TaMgBYg:n cab´taMgEtGMBIedImmkç Etdl´TIenH Pikú¡BYkd*ess k*
GñkNacaj´/³ . RBHGg<RTg´Rtas´za ²emaK<løan manC&yCMnH
nwgminGacedIm|ICaGñkcUlsmabtþiy¨agqab´rh&sy¨agenH:neT
nenÞabnnÞ;caj´³ . GnazbiNÐikesdðI RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<
eRBaHehtuenaH RBHmanRBHPaK minRTg´GnuJ¦atnUvkarTUnμannaKraC
d*cMerIn sUmRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´TTYlnUvP&tþ rbs´TUlRBHbg<M tam
dl´Pikú¡TaMgLayenaH .
lMdab´énPaCn¾mYy Gs´ 7 ézáç x\úMRBHGg< nwgeZVInUvsk,ar; dl´RBH
naKraC Kitza ²GjminGac edIm|IjúaMgsUm|IRtwmEtreNþA én eram rbs´smN;enH okMerIk edayxül´kñúgRcmuH :neLIyç
ezr; rhUt 7 ézá³ :neZVIehIynUvsk,ar;d*eRcIn cMeBaHPikú¡ 500 Gg< manRBHBuTÆCaRbZan Gs´ 7 ézá .
smN; manb\TÆieRcIn³ dUecñH . RBHezr; lHbg´nUvGtþPaB nimμit
Baküza ²kñúgeBlNa Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi eZVInUvGtþPaBoZM kñúg
CarUbRKuD ehIysMEdgnUvxül´énRKuD edjCab´tamnaKraCehIy.
eBlenaH GtþPaB:nCaZM dUcGtþPaBrbs´RBHmhaemaK<løanetær
naKraC lHbg´nUvGtþPaBenaH nimμitnUvePTCamaNB ehIyeBal
y¨agenaHÉg³ enH KWRBHtibidkcULnaKetær eBalehIysMedAyk
za ²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn x\úMsUmdl´elakm©as´CaTIBwgTIrlwk³
nUvGtþPaBd*ZM EdlRBHmhaemaK<løanetæreZVIehIy kñúgkarTUnμannUv
dUecñH zVaybg<MehIy nUvRBH:TTaMgLayrbs´RBHezr; . RBHezr;
nenÞabnnÞnaKraCenH edayRbkardUecñHÉg . kalebIelakeBal
eBalza ²EnnnÞ; RBHsasþaesþcyagmkehIyç GñkcUrmk eyIg
ehIyy¨agenHç Pikú¡TaMgLay eBalza ²Gnu:TinñkrUbhñwgÉg Etg
nwgeTA³ dUecñHehIy TUnμannaKraC eZVIminomanButt|útehIy :n
cMerIn eRBaHGaRs&ynUvó:TinñkrUb³ . k*vaT; rbs´Pikú¡TaMgLay
naMykeTAkan´sMNak´ énRBHmanRBHPaK . naKraC zVaybgM<RBH
enHÉg CaesckþIRtwmRtUv kñúg:diharünu@H .
manRBHPaKehIy RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn x\úMRBHkruNa
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH luHeZVIy¨agenHehIy minEmnRKan´EtsÞab
sUmdl´nUvRBHGg<CaTIBwgTIrlwk³ . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za
GEgÁlnUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüTaMgLayEtbu¨eNÑaHeT zaebIR:zña
²mñalnaKraC cUrGñkmanesckþIsuxcuH³ RTg´manPikú¡sg¹ecameram
eZVInUvRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü oeTACaRCj´sMrab´RTeCIg ehIydak´
ehIy :nesþcyageTAkan´nievsn¾ énGnazbiNÐikesdðI .
eCIg ‘elIRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitüenaHk*:n’ç eZVIoeTACataMg ehIy
GnazbiNÐikesdðI
RkabTUlza ²bBiRtRBHGg<d*cMerIn ehtuGVI
Gg<úyk*:nç eZVIoeTACaERKedkk*:nç eZVI ‘RBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü’
visuTÆimK< ERb oeTACaPñak´édsMrab´EpÁk ehIyEpÁkk*:n .
397
398
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
k*buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi
enAkñúgTIqáayç ‘vtæúenaH’ k*taMgenAkñúgTIqáayk*:nç GZidðan nUvvtæú
mYyrUb eZVI:ny¨agNaç sUm|IbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆidéTeT[t k*eZVI:n
eRcIn oeTACavtæúticza sUmovtæúenHmancMnYntic vtæúenaH k*eTACa
y¨agenaHEdr . EmnBit nakalBYkPikú¡sUm|IeRcInEsnrUb eZVIy¨ag
vtæútick*:nç GZidðannUvvtæútic oeTACavtæúeRcInza sUmovtæúenHeTA
enHç :diharü rEmgsMerc dl´bNþaPikú¡TaMgLayenaH Pikú¡mYy
CavtæúeRcInç vtæúenaH k*eTACavtæúeRcInk*:nç ‘Pikú¡enaH’ eXIjc|as´
rUb> dUcKñaEdr nig dMeNIreTAkþI kareZVInUvBnøWkþI rbs´RBHc&nÞ nigRBH
nUvrUbénRBhμenaH edayckú¡dUcCaTiBV »sMeLgénRBhμenaH eday
GaTitü EtgmandUcKñapgEdr . eRb[bdUcCa kalebIBagTwkmYy
esatZatudUcCaTiBV dwgc|as´nUvcitþ énRBhμenaH edayjaNCa
Ban´ EdleBjedayTwkmanç mNÐlénRBHc&nÞ rEmgR:kd kñúg
eRK]gkMNt´nUvcitþç
BagTaMgGs´ç dMeNIreTAkþI kareZVIBnøWénRBHc&nÞkþI k*taMgenACaRbRktI
CMnajkñúgcitþenaH manR:zñaedIm|IeTA kan´RBhμelak edaykay
dEdly¨agNamijç :diharüenH manóbma edaymNÐlénRBH
d*R:kd k*begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay GZidðancitþ eday
c&nÞ k*y¨agenaHEdr .
GMNacénkay luHbegÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay GZidðancitþ
‘eRbIGMNacedaykayeTARBhμelakk*:n’
ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi
Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞat´
eTAedayGMNacénkayehIy eTIbcuHkan´suxsJ¦apg kan´lhu-
‘245’ Baküza ²yav RBhμelakabi³ esckþIza eZVInUvRBhμ-
sJ¦apg ehIyeTAkan´RBhμelak edaykayd*R:kd:nç ebIPikú¡
elak oCaeRK]gkMNt´:n . Baküza ²kaeyn vsM vetþti³
Gñkmanb\TÆi Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞat´CMnajkñúgcitþenaH CaGñkman
esckþIza Gñkmanb\TÆi júaMgGMNacrbs´xøÜnoRbRBwtþeTAedaykay
R:zñaedIm|IeTAkan´RBhμelak edaykayminR:kd k*begÁankay
kñúgRBhμelakenaH
edayGMNacéncitþ GZidðannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþ luHbegÁan
.
esckþIén:f;enaH
bNÐitKb|IRCab
eTA
tam:lIpgcuH .
kayeTA edayGMNacéncitþ GZidðannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþ
k*:lI kñúg:diharünu@H mandUcteTAenH KW ; :lIza ²yav
ehIy eTIbcuHkan´suxsJ¦apg kan´lhusJ¦apg ehIyeTAkan´
RBhμelakabi eyn vsM vetþti³ esckþIza ebIPik¡úGñkmanb\TÆi
RBhμelak edaykayminR:kdç Pikú¡enaH nimμitrUbxøÜn EdlsMerc
Edl:nsMercnUvkarsÞat´CMnajkñúgcitþenaH manR:zñaedIm|IeTAkan´
GMBIcitþ manGvyv;tUcZMsBVRKb´ man«®nÞIy¾minezakTab enAxag
RBhμelak k*GZidðan‘nUvvtæú’ kñúgTIqáay omkkñúgTICitza sUmo
muxénRBhμenaHç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaHc®g,m rUbnimμitk*c®g,m kñúgTI
‘vtæúenaH’ mktaMgenAkñúgTICitç ‘vtæúenaH’ k*mktaMgenAkñúgTICitk*:nç
enaHEdrç
GZidðan ‘nUvvtæú’ kñúgTICit oeTAkñúgTIqáayza sUmo ‘vtæúenH’ taMg
ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH Gg<úyç rUbnimμitk*Gg<úy kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡
ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaHQr
rUbnimμitk*Qr
kñúgTIenaHEdrç
visuTÆimK< ERb
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400
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
Gñkmanb\TÆienaHbeJ©jEpSg rUbnimμit k*beJ©jEpSg kñúgTIenaHEdrç
PaK kalesþcyageTAkan´eTvelak kñúgkalCaTIbMputénymk-
ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eqHeTACaePøIg rUbnimμit k*eqHeTACaePøIg kñúg
:diharü RTg´eZVInUvPñMyuKnÆr nig PñMsienru kñúgTICit RTg´dak´RBH:T
TIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sMEdgnUvZm( rUbnimμitþ k*sMEdgnUv
m¡ag GMBIépÞEpndI elIPñMyuKnÆr ehIyRTg´dak´nUvRBH:TTIBIr elI
Zm( kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH sYrnUvRbsña rUbnimμitk*sYr
kMBUlPñMsienru .
nUvRbsña kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH RtUveKsYrnUvRbsña
sYrza ²GñkNadéTeT[t :neZVI‘nUvTICitoeTACaTIqáay’ :n
ehIykMBugedaHRsay rUbnimμit k*RtUveKsYrnUvRbsña ehIykMBug
xøH/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHmhaemaK<løanetær³ . EmnBit RBHezr;
edaHRsay kñúgTIenaHEdrç ebIPikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH kMBugQrcrca eZVI
bMRBYjnUvpøÚveTAkan´sg,sSnKr RbmaN 30 eyaCn¾ júaMgbris&T
sakcäa CamYyRBhμenaH rUbnimμit k*kMBugQrcrca eZVIsakcäa Ca
12 eyaCn¾ EdlkMBugeZVIP&tþkic© ehIyecjmk GMBIRkugsavtæI o
mYyRBhμenaH kñúgTIenaHEdrç srubmk Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eZVInUvkar
dl´RBm kñúgxN;enaHPøam .
Na> :n rUbnimμit k*eZVInUvkarenaH> :nEdr y¨agdUecñHÉg ‘1’ .
‘GZib|ayesckþIén:lI’
mYyeT[t RBHcULsmuTÞetær k*:neZVIehIy kñúgtm¬bNÑiTIVb . :n»mkza kñúgsm&yénRsukekItTuriÖkS Pikú¡ 700 Gg< :neTA
kñúg:lITaMgenaH :lIza ²TUerbi snþiek GZidðati³ esckþIza
kan´sMNak´énRBHezr; taMgBIRBwkRBlwm . RBHezr; Kitza ²Pikú¡
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆienaH ecjcaksmabtþi EdlmanQanCaTItaMgehIy
sg¹d*eRcIn karRtac´eTAedIm|IPik¡a nwgmankñúgTINa/³ dUecñH min
BicarNanUveTvelak ß RBhμelak kñúgTIqáayza ²eTvelak nig
eXIj ‘nUvTIPik¡acar’ kñúgtm¬bNÑiTIVbTaMgmUl eXIjza ²Pik¡acar
RBhμelak cUrmankñúgTICit³ dUecñH luHBicarNaehIy eZVInUvbrikmμ
nwgman kñúgRkug:tlIbuRt Rtg´eqñrxagnay³ dUecñH júaMgPikú¡TaMg
cUlnUvsmabtþi mþgeT[t GZidðan edayjaNza ²eTvelak nig
Layokan´yk nUv:Rt nig cIBr ehIyeBalza ²mñalGavuesa
RBhμelak cUrmankñúgTICit³ dUecñHç eTvelak nig RBhμelak k*
TaMgLay GñkTaMgLaycUrmk BYkeyIgnwgeTAkan´Pik¡acar³ dUecñH
mankñúgTICit . Kb|IRCabn&yenH kñúgbTd*essTaMgLaypgcuH .
ehIy bMRbYjnUvEpndI ehIyeTAkan´Rkug:tlIbuRt . BYkPikú¡TaMg
‘eZVITIqáayoeTACaCit’
Lay sYrza ²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn enHCanKrGVI/³ . RBHezr;
sYrza ²kñúg:diharüenaH GñkNacab´yknUvTIqáay eZVIoeTA CaTICit/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHd*manRBHPaK³ . 1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 273 .
EmnBit RBHd*manRBH
eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay enHCanKr:tlIbuRt³ . Pik¡ú TaMgLaysYrza ²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn nKr:tlIbuRt enAkñúgTI qáayß/³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ZmμtaRBH
visuTÆimK< ERb
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402
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
ezr;cas´TaMgLay kMNt´kñúgTIqáayeZVIoenAkñúgTICitk*:n³ . Pikú¡
nimnþmktameRkay k*eBalza ²RBHezr; rbs´BYkeyIg nimnþmk
TaMgLayTUlza ²bBiRtelakm©as´d*cMerIn etImhasmuRT enAkñúg
BYkeyIg nwgRbeKnnUvnM³ ehIykan´yknMTaMgGs´ cUleTArkRBH
TINa/³ .
RBHezr;eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ERkgelak
ezr; . RBHezr; yk:Rtecjmk:neZVIehIynUvnMTaMgGs´ o
TaMgLay knøgnUvRbLaymanBN(ex[vmYy kñúgcenøaH CaGñkmk
RtwmEteBjmYy:Rt . RBHmanRBHPaK kalrg´caMRBHezr; RTg´
ehIyß/³ . Pikú¡TaMgenaH TUlza ²EmnehIy elakm©as´d*cMerIn
Kg´enAxagmuxehIy . RBHezr; :nnaMmkzVayRBHmanRBHPaK .
EtmhasmuRTZMß/³ . RBHezr; eBalza ²mñalGavuesaTaMgLay ZmμtaRBHezr;cas´TaMgLay EtgeZVInUvrbs´ZMoeTACatUck*:n³ . mYyeT[t
RBHcULsmuTÞetærenH
‘eZVInUvvtæúticoeTACavtúæeRcIn:n’ cMENkkñúger]g«løisesdðI RBHmhaemaK<løanetær :neZVInUv
eZVInUvrbs´ZMoeTACatUc:n
vtúæticoeTACavtúæeRcIn . mYyeT[t kñúger]gmnusSTuK(teQμaHkak-
y¨agNaç sUm|IRBHtisSTtþetær k*y¨agenaHEdr Rsg´TwkehIy kñúg
vLiy; RBHmanRBHPaK k*RTg´:neZVIvtúæticoeRcInEdr . :n»za
sm&yézáres[l RKgcIBrehIyç kalebIcitþ ekIteLIgehIy za
RBHmhaksSbetær júaMgkaloRbRBwtþknøgeTA kñuúgsmabtþi Gs´
²GatμaGj nwgzVaybg<MnUvmhaeBaZiRBwkS³ dUecñHç :neZVIehIy o
7 ézá ehIy eZVInUvkarse®g<aHdl´mnusST&lRk :nQrenAEk|r
mankñúgTICit:n .
TVarpÞH rbs´mnusSTuK(teQμaHkakvLiy; . Priyarbs´Kat´eXIj
‘eZVITICitoeTACaTIqáay:n’
RBHezr;ehIy :nerayrayehIy nUvbbr«tmanrséRbnigrsCUr
sYrza ²cuHGñkNakMNt´TICiteZVIoeTACaTIqáay/³ . eqøIyza
EdlxøÜncMGinehIyedIm|IsVamI eTAkñúg:Rt . RBHezr; naMykbbr
²RBHmanRBHPaK³ . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´:neZVInUvcenøaH
enaH eTAdak´elIRBHhsþRBHmanRBHPaK . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´
dl´RBHGg< nig dl´RBHGg<úlimalsUm|ITICitoeTACaTIqáay:n .
GZidðan eZVIolμnRKan´dl´Pikú¡sg¹eRcIn . bbrEdlRBHezr; naM
‘eZVInUvvtæúeRcInoeTACatic:n’
mkeday:RtmYy lμmRKb´RKan´ehIydl´Pikú¡TaMgGs´ . ÉmnusS
sYrza ²cuHGñkNa eZVIvtæúeRcIn oeTACatic:n/³ . eqøIyza ²RBHmhaksSbetær³ . :n»za kñúgRkugraCRKwH kñúgézáCaTIelg nUvnk¡tþb\kS kumarIRbmaN 500 nak´ kan´yknUvnMdUcCaRBHc&nÞedIr eTAedIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´karelgnk¡tþb\kS
eXIjnUvRBHmanRBHPaK
ehIy min:nzVayehIynUvnMbnþicbnþÜcç EtluHeXIjRBHezr;kMBug
TuK(t eQμaHkakvLiy; :nehIynUvtMENgénesdðI kñúgézáTI 7 .
‘eZVIvtúæminqáaj´oqáaj´:n’ minRtwmEteZVInUvtæútic oeRcInbu¨eNÑaHeLIyç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi R:zñanUvvtæúNa> kñúgvtæúTaMgLay manvtæúqáaj´ oeTACavtæúminqáaj´ vtúæminqáaj´ oeTACavtæúqáaj´
dUecñHCaedImk*:n vtæúTaMgGs´enaH >
visuTÆimK< ERb
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«TÆiviZnieTÞs
rEmgsMerc dl´buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi . BitdUecñaHEmn Gm|aly¨ag
dUecñHk*:n eRBaHPav;énsJ¦aenaH rYcRsLHehIycaknIvrN;TaMg
RBHmhaGnuLetær eXIjnUvPikú¡eRcInGg< nimnþeTA edIm|IbiNÐ:Rt
Laypg cakZm(CasRtUvTaMgLaymanvitk,;CaedImpg . kalebI
ehIy:nnUvP&tþd*esAhμgEmnBit kMBugEtGg<úyqan´ Ek|reqñrsÞwg
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH
Kg<a ehIyGZidðanza ²sUmoTwk kñúgsÞwgKg<a køayeTACaTwkedaH
k*CakayRsal dUcCabu¨yénK . Gñkmanb\TÆienaH eTAkan´RBhμ
ravzøa³ dUecñHehIy :nonUvsJ¦a dl´sameNrTaMgLay . BYk
elak edaykayd*RsalEdlR:kd dUcCabu¨yénKEdlRtUvxül´
sameNrTaMgenaH :nnaMyk edayTIeka mkRbeKnPikú¡sg¹ .
bk´ebIugeLIgehIy y¨agenaHç k*Gñkmanb\TÆi kaleTAy¨agenH zaebI
Pikú¡TaMgGs´Gg< qan´ehIyedayTwkedaHravzøa EdlmanrsEpÁm .
R:zña nimμitnUvpøÚvBÆd*Gakas edayGMNacénbfvIksiN ehIy
Baküza ²TieBVn ckú¡na³ esckþIza Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi fitenAkñúg mnusSelakenHÉg
cMerInGaelakk,siN
emIleXIjnUvrUbrbs´
RBhμenaH nig fitenAkñúgmnusSelakenHÉg kalRBhμenaHniyay Kña k*»sMeLgTaMgGs´ dwgc|as´nUvcitþ ‘rbs´RBhμenaH’ :n .
‘begÁancitþeTAedayGMNackay:n’ Baküza ²kayvesn citþM briNaemti³ esckþIzaPikú¡Gñkman b\TÆi begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkrCkay KWkMNt´citþmanQan CaTItaMg elIkcitþeLIgkñúgkay KWeZVIcitþomandMeNIreTAtamkay KWza omandMeNIreTAyWtyUr . eRBaHza dMeNIrénkay CadMeNIr yWtyUr . Baküza ²suxsJ¦J© lhusJ¦J© Ok,mti³ esckþIza Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi yagcuHkan´ KWcUleTA Bal´RtUv dl´RBmnUvsuxsJ¦a nig lhusJ¦a EdlekItRBmeday«TÆicitþ manQanCaTI taMgCaGarmμN¾
.
sJ¦a
Edlsm|yutþedayóebk¡a
eQμaHza
suxsJ¦a . eRBaHza óebk¡a RBHmanRBHPaK Rtas´za ²Casux d*sáb´³ .
k*ÉsJ¦aenaHÉg Kb|IRCabza
²eQμaHza lhusJ¦a³
yagcuHkan´suxsJ¦aenaHç
sUm|IkrCkay
eTA edayeCIg:nç zaebIR:zña GZidðan nUvxül´ edayGMNacén vaeyaksiN ehIyeTAedayxül´ dUcCabu¨yénKk*:n . EtPaB énGñkmanb\TÆicg´edIm|IeTAhñwgÉg CaRbmaN:n kñúgkareTAeday kayEdlR:kdnu@H . eRBaHza kalebImanPaBénGñkmanb\TÆiR:zña edIm|IeTAç buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH manGZidðan kñúgcitþeZVIehIy y¨ag enH CaGñkRtUvkMLaMgénkarGZidðansÞÜyeLIgehIyEmnBit rEmgeTA kan´ ‘RBhμelak’ :n EdlGñkNak*emIlmineXIj dUcCakUnsr Edlnayxμan´ZñÚ :j´eTAehIy dUecñaHÉg .
‘eTAedayGTisSmankay:n’ ‘246’ Baküza ²citþvesn kayM briNaemti³ esckþIza Gñkmanb\TÆikMNt´nUvkayehIyelIkeLIgkñúgcitþ KWeZVI‘kay’oman dMeNIreTAtamcitþ KWza eZVIomandMeNIrrh&s . eRBaHza dMeNIr éncitþ KWCaZmμCatrh&s . Baküza ²suxsJ¦J© lhusJ¦J©
Ok,mti³ esckþIza buK<lGñkmanb\TÆiyagcuHkan´suxsJ¦ nig kan´ lhusJ¦aEdlekItRBmeday«TiÆcitþ EdlmanrUbkayCaGarmμN¾
visuTÆimK< ERb
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406
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
edayRbkardUecñHÉg . Baküd*ess bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&y
mnusSelakenHÉg emIleXIjnUvrUb ‘RBhμ’ edayckú¡ dUcCaTiBV
EdlelakeBalehIyhñwgÉg .
sþab´sMeLg edayesatZatu dUcCaTiBV dwgc|as´nUvcitþ eday
É:diharü KWkarbegÁannUvkay edayGMNacéncitþenH KWCa
jaNCaeRK]gkMNt´dwgedaycitþ
ehtuNaç
ehtumanRbmaN
dMeNIréncitþhñwgÉg . EtkalebImanBaküeBalza ²buK<lGñkman
bu¨eNÑHenaH mineQμaHza júaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykayeT .
b\TÆienH kaleTAedaykayEdlminR:kdy¨agenH eTAkñúgxN; én
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH fitenAkñúgmnusSelakenHÉg kMBugQrcrca
karekIteLIg énGZidðancitþenaHß ßza eTAkñúgxN; éncitþtaMgenA
eZVIsakcäa CamYynwgRBhμenaH edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN
ßk* kñúgxN; éncitþEbkZøay/³ dUecñHç RBHezr;eBalza ²Gñkman
bu¨eNÑaHÉg k*mineQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykayeT .
b\TiÆeTAkñúgxN;TaMgbI³ . sYrza ²cuHbuK<lGñkmanb\TiÆenaHeTAeday
sUm|IkarGZidðanrbs´Gñkmanb\TÆienaHza ²GZidðansUm|IkñúgTIqáayo
xøÜnÉg ß bJ¢ÚnnUvrUbEdlelaknimμitehIyß/³ . eqøIyza ²Gñk
eTACaTICitk*:n³ dUecñHCaedIm edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN
manb\TiÆ eZIVtamsmKYrdl´esckIþKab´citþ³ . EtkareTAedayxøÜnÉg
bu¨eNÑHenaH mineQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTA edaykayeT .
hñwgÉgénbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH mkehIykñúg:diharüenH . bTza
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH eTAkan´RBhμelak edaykayEdlR:kdkþI
²menamyM³ KWrUbenaH eQμaHza sMercedaycitþ eRBaHPav;énGñk
minR:kdkþI edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH k*mineQμaH
manb\TÆienaH nimμitehIyedaycitþsMrab´GZidðan . Baküza ²GhI-
za júMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTA edaykay:nEdr . ÉbuK<lGñkman
ni®nÞiyM³ enH KWelakeBalehIy edayGMNacénkartaMgenARBm
b\TÆienaH dl´nUvviZIEdlelakeBalehIy edayn&yza ²nimμitrUb
énGaytn;TaMgLaymanEPñknigRtec[kCaedIm . EtZmμtaRbsaT
xagmuxénRBhμenaH³ dUecñHCaedIm edayehtuNa ehtumanRbmaN
kñúgrUbnimμit minmaneT . BaküTaMgBYgmanBaküza ²sec «TÆima
bu¨eNÑHenaH eTIb:neQμaHzajúaMgGMNacoRbRBwtþeTAedaykay.
cg,mti nimiμetabi ttæ cg,mti³ dUecñHCaedIm KWelakeBalehIy
cMENkviZId*ess elakeBalehIyedIm|IsMEdgnUvcMENkxagedIm
eRBaHsMedAyknUvsavknimμitTaMgGs´ . cMENkRBHBuTÆnimμit RBH
énkarRbRBwtþieTAkan´GMNac edaykay kñúgGZikarenHÉg . b\TÆi
manRBHPaKRTg´eZVInUvkic©Na> k*eZVInUvkic©enaH> Edr eZVInUvkic©déT
enH eQμaHza GZidðanb\TÆi Camunsin .
eT[t edayGMNacénkiriyaKab´RBHT&y énRBHmanRBHPaKpgEdr
‘247’ cMENkkareZVIoepSg> énb\TÆiEdleZVIoEbøk nig b\TÆi
edayRbkardUecñH . k*kñúg:diharüenH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH
‘vikuBVnb\TÆi’
fitenAehIy kñúg
EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþ mandUteTAenH KW ;
visuTÆimK< ERb
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müa¨geT[t Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi kaleZVInUvb\TÆi KWkareZVIoEbøkdMbUg xøÜnR:zñanUvrUbNa> Kb|IGZidðannUvrUbenaH> kñúgePTTaMgLayman
408
«TÆiviZnieTÞs
sUm|IkñúgePTTaMgLaymanesHCaedIm k*n&yenHEdr . enHCab\TÆi KW kareZVIoEbøk ‘vikuBVnb\TÆi’ .
‘b\TÆisMercGMBIcitþ’
ePTénkumarCaedIm EdlelakeBalehIy y¨agenHza ²RBHGPiPU enaH lHbg´ePTCaRbRktI ehIysMEdgePTCakumarxøH sMEdgePT
‘248’ cMENkPikú¡Gñkcg´edIm|IeZVI nUvb\TÆisMercGMBIcitþ ecj
CanaKxøH sMEdgePTCaRKuDxøH sMEdgePTCaGsurxøH sMEdgePTCa
cakQanCaTItaMgehIy BicarNakayCamun ehIyGZidðan tam
RBH«®nÞxøH sMEdgePTCaeTvtaxøH sMEdgePTCaRBhμxøH sMEdgePT
n&yEdleBalehIyhñwgÉgza ²kaycUrCaRbehagcuH³ . kay k*
CasmuRTxøH sMEdgePTCaPñMxøH sMEdgePTCasIh;xøH sMEdgePT
eTACaRbehag . lMdab´enaH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi BicarNakaydéT
CaxøaZMxøH sMEdgePTCaxøadMbgxøH sMEdgePTCadMrIxøH sMEdgePT
kñúgcenøaHénkayenaH eZVIbrikmμehIy GZidðan tamn&yEdlelak
CaesHxøH sMEdgePTCarzxøH sMEdgePTCaBlezμIreCIgxøH sMEdg
eBalehIyhñwgÉgza ²kaydéT cUrmankñúgcenøaHénkayenaH³ .
ePTCakgTahanEbøk> KñaxøH ‘1’ ³ .
buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH dknUvkayenaH dUcbuK<ldkecjnUvbNþÚl
ecjcakQan
kñúg
GMBIesμAyabøg dUcCabuK<lhUtnUvdavGMBIeRsam nig dUcCabuK<l
cMeNamksiNTaMgLay manbfvIksiNCaedImCaGarmμN¾ehIy
TajnUvBs´GMBIRtk y¨agenaHÉg . eRBaHehtudUecñaH :nCaelak
Kb|IBicarNaePTkumarrbs´xøÜnhñwgÉg . buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaHluH
eBalBakü manCaGaTi¾za ²Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH nimμitnUvkay man
BicarNaehIy kñúgTIbMputénbrikmμ Kb|IcUlQanmþgeT[t ecj
rUb
ehIy Kb|IGZidðan za ²GatμaGjcUrCakumarmaneQμaHEbbenH³ .
ezakTabCakaydéTGMBIkayenH eRb[bdUcbursdkecjnUvbNþÚl
RBmCamYynwgcitþGZidðan Gñkmanb\TÆienaHk*:neTACaekμgRbus dUc
GMBIesμAyabøgç bursenaH manesckþIdwg y¨agenHÉgza ²enHCa
CaPikú¡eTvTtþ . kñúgbTTaMgBYg k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr . cMENkbTza
esμAyabøg enHCabNþÚl ÉesμAyabøgedayELk bNþÚleday
²htæim|i TesSti³ dUecñHCaedIm kñúg:lIenaH elakeBalehIy
ELk bNþÚleKdkecjmk GMBIesμAyabøghñwgÉg ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
edayGMNacénkarsMEdg nUvePTmandMrICaedIm BÆd*xageRkAxøH .
k*kñúg:lIenaH esckþIóbmaenH KWelakeBalehIyedIm|IsMEdgza
kñúgkarsMEdgxageRkAenaH buK<lGñkmanb\TÆienaH minGZidðan za ;
²smÖar;TaMgLay
²GatμaGjcUrCadMrI³ dUecñH Kb|IGZidðanza ²cUrCadMrI³ dUecñH .
yabøgCaedIm y¨agNamijç
1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
manGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg
k*Gñkmanb\TiÆ kalGZidðan manksiNÉNamYy
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 277 .
n&y
EdlsMercGMBIcitþ
1- suÇ xuÇ bdiÇ
manGvyv;ZMtUcsBVRKb´
manbNþÚlCaedIm
man«®nÞIy¾min
Carbs´RbEhlKñanwgesμA
rUbEdlsMercGMBIcitþ k*y¨agdUecñaH
KaKTI 71 TMB&rTI 277 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
409
Edr CarUbRbEhlKñanwgbuK<lGñkmanb\TÆihñwgÉg³ dUecñH . enHKW Cab\TÆi EdlsMercmkGMBIcitþ ‘menamyb\TÆi’ . briecäT TI12 eQμaHza «TÆiviZnieTÞs kñúgbkrN¾viesseQμaHvisuTÆimK< Edlx\úMeZVIehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kiriyajúaMgsaZuCnorIkray cb´ehIy edayRbkarGm|alenHÉgehag . v v v
410
GPiJ¦anieTÞs ‘TiBVesatZatukza’
‘249’ kñúgkal«LÚvenH lMdab´énnieTÞs énTiBVesatZatu mkdl´ehIy tamlMdab´ . bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI én:lITaMg Lay manCaGaTi¾za ²Pikú¡enaH kalebIcitþCasmaZiehIyy¨agenH³ dUecñH tamn&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgTiBVesatZatunieTÞsenaH pg kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMgLaybI déTGMBIenaHpg . EteyIgTaMgLay nwgBN(nanUvRtwmEtesckþIviessbu¨eNÑaH kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMgBYg .
‘GZib|ays&BÞ:lI’ kñúg:lIenaH
bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI
kñúgBaküza
²TiBVay
esatZatuya³ enH dUcteTA . esatZatuenaH eQμaHzaTiBV eRBaH Pav;énesatZatuenaHdUcCaTiBV
.
EmnBit
esatZatuénRbsaT
rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay CaZmμCatiekItehIy edaysucritkmμ Edl minRbLak´ehIy
edayvtúæminsÁatTaMgLay
manRbmat´
esøsμ
nigQamCaedIm GacTTYlnUvGarmμN¾kñúgTIqáay:neRBaHrYcRsLH cakeRK]gesAhμgeTIbdUcCarbs´TiBV . k*ÉesatZatuénjaNenH EdlekItehIyedaykMLaMgénvIriyPavna rbs´Pikú¡enH k*R:kddUc KñaenaHEdr eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHzaTiBV eRBaHjaNesatZatu enaHR:kdesμIdUcCaTiBV . müa¨geT[t jaNesatZatuenaH eQμaH za CaTiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNesatZatuenaH KWelak:nmk eday GMNacénZm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBVpg eRBaHGaRs&ynUvZm(CaeRK]g enAdUcCaTiBV rbs´xøÜnpg .
visuTÆimK< ERb
411
jaN eQμaHzaesatZatu eRBaHGtæza »pg eRBaHGtæza min manCIvitpgç
mYyeT[t
eQμaHza
esatZatu
412
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
GPiJ¦aCaTItaMg ecjehIy Kb|IBicarNasMeLgénstVTaMgLay
eRBaHeRb[bdUcCa
mansIh;CaedImkñúgéRB EdlCasMeLgeRKatRKat kñúgTIqáay Ca
esatZatu eRBaHeZVInUvkic©énesatZatu dUecñHk*manEdr . ‘Gñkman
KnøgénRtec[kCaRbRktI munedayviess edaysmaZicitþEdlCa
b\TÆi sþab´nUvsMeLg’ edayesatZatu dUcCaTiBVenaH .
brikmμ . RBHeyaKIKb|IBicarNasMeLgd*lÁitsuxumTaMgLay tam
bTza ²visuTÆay³ KWeRBaHbrisuTÆ KWza minmanóbk,iels .
smKYrdl´lMdab´
cab´epþImGMBIsMeLgd*eRKatRKatmuneKTaMgGs´
bTza ²Gtik,nþmanusikay³ esckþIza knøg KWRbRBwtþknøg nUv
y¨agenH KW; sMeLgrKaMg kñúgvtþ sMeLgs<r sMeLgs&g¡ sMeLg
mMsesatZatu EdlCarbs´mnusS ehIyfitenA edayGMNacén
énkarsVaZüay rbs´sameNr nig Pikú¡kemøaHTaMgLayEdlkMBug
karsþab´sMeLgknøgnUvóbcar;énmnusS . Baküza ²óePa seTÞ³
sVaZüay edaykarRbwgERbgRKb´y¨agç sMeLgza ²bBiRtRBHKuN
ERbza Gñk:nTiBVesat Etg»sMeLgTaMgBIr . sYrza ²sMeLg
m©as´ etIdUcemþc/ mñalGavuesaTaMgLayetIdUcemþc/³ dUecñHCaedIm
TaMgBIrKWGVIxøH/³ . eqøIyza ²sMeLgTiBV 1 sMeLgmnusS 1³ .
rbs´Pikú¡sameNrTaMgenaH EdlkMBugsnÞnaKña CaRbRktIç sMeLg
GZib|ayza ²sMeLgrbs´eTvtaTaMgLaypg nig sMeLgrbs´
énstVsøab sMeLgxül´ sMeLgeCIg sMeLgénTwkEdlBuHRKak´>
mnusSTaMgLaypg³ . bNÐitKb|IRCabkarRbkan´ykbriyayCa
sMeLgsøwketñateRk[msÜátnakMedAézá sMeLgstVlÁitmanRsemac
eRK]gGag edaybTza ²óePa seTÞ³ enH . Baküza ²ey TUer
exμA nig RsemacRkhmCaedIm³ dUecñH . RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IeZVITuk
sniþek c³ manesckþIGZib|ayza ²sMeLgTaMgLayNa kñúgTI
kñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay kñúgTisxagekIt Kb|IeZVITuk
qáay
nig
sMeLgTaMgLayNa
kñúgTICit
sUm|Ikñúgck,vaLdéT
kñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay
kñúgTisxaglic
Tisxag
edayehaceTA sUm|IsMeLgénstVliÁt EdlGaRs&yenA kñúgrag
eCIg Tisxagt|Úg TisxageRkam TisxagelI TisGaeKñy¾ Tis
kayrbs´xøÜnç
buK<lGñk:nTiBVesat
BayBü Tis¤san TisnirtI . RBHeyaKIenaH Kb|IeZVITukkñúgcitþ
LayenaH³
bNiÐtKb|IRCabkarRbkan´ykbriyay
.
Etg:n»nUvsMeLgTaMg Edlmin
EmnCaeRK]gGag edaybTza ²ey TUer sniþek c³ enH .
‘viZIeZIVTiBVesat’ sYrza ²cuHTiBVesatZatuenH KWeyaKavcrPikú¡ Kb|IeZVIoekIt eLIgedayRbkardUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²Pikú¡enaH cUlkan´Qanman
nUvsTÞnimitþénsMeLgTaMgLay TaMgeRKatRKatTaMglÁit . sMeLg TaMgLayenaH rEmgR:kddl´RBHeyaKIenaHEdlmancitþtaMgenACa RbRktI . EtsMeLgTaMgenaH CasMeLgR:kdéRkElg dl´RBH eyaKIGñkmansmaZicitþkñúgbrikmμ . kalebIRBHeyaKIenaHeZVITukkñúgcitþnUvsTÞnimitþhñwgÉgç mena-
visuTÆimK< ERb TVaravC¢ncitþ
eZVInUvsMeLgNamYy
413
kñúgcMeNamsMeLgTaMgLay
enaH oCaGarmμN¾ehIy ekIteLIgza ²TiBVesatZatu nwgekIteLIg
414
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
edIm|IkMNt´nUvsMeLgepSg>
edayELkç
rEmgGacedIm|IkMNt´
EmnBit za ²enHsMeLgs&g¡ enHsMeLgs<r³ dUecñH:npgEdr .
kñúgkal«LÚvenH³. kalebImenaTVaravC¢ncitþenaHrlt´ehIyç Cv&n
TiBVesatZatukza cb´ .
TaMgLay 3 ß 4 xagedIm Cakamavcr; maneQμaHza brikmμCv&n
v v v
óbcarCv&n GnuelamCv&n nig eKaRtPUCv&nç Cv&nTI 4 ß TI 5 Ca
ecetabriJ¦aNkza
Gb|nacitþ CarU:vcr RbkbedayctutæCÄan énCv&nTaMgLayNaç
‘GZib|ays&BÞ:lIecetabriJ¦aN’
Cv&nTaMgLay 4 ß 5 enaH rEmgsÞúHeTA . kñúgCv&nenaH jaN Na
ekIteLIgehIy
CamYynwgGb|nacitþenaHç
‘250’ kñuúgecetabriJ¦aNkza bNÐitKb|IRCabvinicä&y kñúg
ZatuKWjaNenH
bTza ²ecetabriJ¦aNay³ enH dUcteTAenH . jaN eQμaHza
bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²TiBVesatZatu³ . bnÞab´GMBIenaH TiBVesatZatu
briy; eRBaHkMNt´ esckþIza kMNt´sÞg´ . jaNEdlkMNt´nUv
enaH k*CaZatuZøak´cuHehIy kñúgesat;enaH .
citþ ‘rbs´GñkdéT’ eQμaHza ecetabriy;ç jaNenaHpg kMNt´
RBHeyaKI kaleZVInUvTiBVesatenaH oekItCaKuNCatrwgbwug
nUvcitþ ‘rbs´GñkdéT’pg eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza ecetabri-
Kb|IkMNt´RtwmEtmYycgÁúléd ehIycMerIn edaytaMgcitþza ²Gj
yJ¦aN ‘jaNEdlkMNt´citþrbs´GñkdéT:n’ . GZib|ayza
nwgsþab´nUvsMeLg kñúgcenøaHnu@H³ . bnÞab´mk RBHeyaKIKb|IkMNt´
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH .
rhUtdl´cRkvaL ßkMNt´edayéRkElgCagcRkvaLenaHeTAeT[t
bTza ²brstþanM³ KW énstVd*essTaMgLay elIkElg
R:MbIZñab´
EtxøÜnecj . sUm|IbTza ²brbuK<lanM³ enH k*manesckþIEtmYy
mYycMGam mYyKk´ xagkñúgbnÞb´ brievNénel|{gR:saT Garam
edaybTenHEdr . EtRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´eZVInUvPaBepSg> én
rbs´sg¹ eKacrRKam nig CnbTCaedIm . RBHeyaKI Gñk:n
BüJ¢n; edayGMNacénstVEdlRBHGg<RTg´TUnμanpg edaylMnaM
sMercGPiJ¦aehIyy¨agenHnu@H rEmg»nUvsMeLgTaMgLayEdltaMg
éneTsnapg . Baküza ²ectsa eceta³ KW nUvcitþ rbs´stV
enAkñúgcenøaHénGakas EdlGarmμN¾manQanCaTItaMg Bal´RtUv
déT buK<ldéTTaMgLayenaH edaycitþrbs´xøÜn . bTza ²bric©³
ehIyEmnBit .
ERbzakMNt´ehIy .
ehIyKb|IcMerIn
edayGMNacénTImanBIrZñab´
bYnZñab´
Etza RBHeyaKI kal»y¨agenH RbsinebIman
bTza ²bCanati³ esckþIza dwgedayRbkar
karRCYleRCImEtmYy edaysMeLgénePøg mans&g¡ s<r nig xøúy
epSg> edayGMNacéncitþTaMgLay mancitþEdlRbkbeTAeday
CaedIm rhUtdl´RBhμelakk*edayç
raK;CaedIm .
kalebImanPaBCaGñkR:zña
visuTÆimK< ERb
415
‘viZIeZVIecetabriJ¦aN’
416
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
hTyrUbrbs´GñkNa RkeLkemIlnUvkarERbRbYlén«®nÞIy¾ rbs´
sYrza ²k*jaNenH RBHeyaKIKb|IeZVIoekIteLIgdUcemþc/³ .
GñkNa . eqøIyza ; minRkeLkemIl rbs´GñkNaeTç RBHeyaKI
eqøIyza ²eRBaHza jaNenH rEmgsMerc edayGMNacénTiBVckú¡ç
kalBicarNanUvcitþ ‘énGñkdéT’ kñúgPBNanImYy dwgnUvcitþ man
TiBVckú¡jaNenaH Cabrikmμ énbriyJ¦aNenaHÉg eRBaHehtuenaH
16 RbePT enHÉNaç enHCavis&yrbs´Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TiÆç cMENk
Pikú¡ ‘Gñk:nTiBVckú¡jaNehIyR:zñaedIm|IeZVIecetabriyJ¦aNenH
sMdIenH
oekIteLIg’ enaH Kb|IcMerInGaelakksiN ehIyemIlnUvB(N
sÁit EdlRBHeyaKImin:neZVIehIy edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
énQamEdlGaRs&ynUvhTyrUb
rbs´buK<ldéT
KWRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ehIy
edayGMNacénkarRbkan´
‘GZib|aycitþ 16 RbePT’
ehIyRbRBwtþ
eTA ehIyEsVgrknUvcitþ edayckú¡d*CaTiBV . k*esamnsScitþ Etg
cMENkkñúg:lIza ²sraKM va citþM³ dUecñHCaedIm bNÐitKb|I
RbRBwtþeTA kñúgeBlNaç kñúgeBlenaH elahit manB(NRkhm
RCabesckIþGZib|ay dUcteTAenH . citþ RbkbedayelaP; 8
RbEhlKñanwgEpøéRCTMuç kñúgeBlNa eTamnsScitþ RbRBwtþeTAç kñúg
Rbkar bNiÐtKb|IRCabza ²citþRbkbedayraK;³ . citþd*ess KW
eBlenaH elahit manB(NexμA RbEhlKñanwgEpøRBIgTMu . kñúg
citþCakusl nig GBüaRkwt EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 4 eQμaHzacitþ
eBlNa óebk¡acitþ RbRBwtþeTAç kñúgeBlenaH elahit manB(N
R:scakraK; .
zøa RbEhlKñanwgeRbglá . eRBaHehtuenaH Pikú¡enaH kalEsVgrk
vicikicäacitþ nig óTÆc©citþ 2 mindl´nUvkarse®g<aH kñúgRbmaN 2
emIl nUvB(Nénelahit kñúgebHdUg rbs´CndéT za ²rUbenHman
éncitþenHeT .
esamnsSi®nÞIy¾Casmudðan rUbenH
rUbenH
manóebki¡®nÞIy¾Casmudðan³
maneTamnsSi®nÞIy¾Casmudðan dUecñHehIy
Kb|IeZVInUveceta-
cMENkcitþTaMgLay 4 enH KW eTamnsScitþ 2
EtRBHezr;BYkxøH rYbrYmnUvcitþTaMg 4 enHpgEdr .
cMENkeTamnsScitþ
2
Rbkar
eQμaHza
citþRbkbeday
eTas; . citþCakusl nig GBüaRkwt RbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 4 TaMg citþd*essTaMgLay KW
briyJ¦aN oCaKuNCattaMgenArwgmaM . eRBaHza kalebIeceta-
Gs´ eQμaHza citþR:scakeTas; .
briyJ¦aNenaH taMgenArwgbuwg y¨agenHehIyç RBHeyaKIenaH dwg
Gkuslcitþ 10 mindl´nUvkarrYbrYmkñúgRbmaN 2 éncitþenHeT .
nUvkamavcrcitþ rU:vcrcitþ nig GrU:vcrcitþ TaMgGs´ edaylMdab´
bu¨Enþ RBHezr;BYkxøH rYbrYmnUvGkuslcitþTaMg 10 enHpgEdr .
rMkilnUvcitþ cakcitþ sUm|Iev[rcakkareXIjnUvhTyrUbk*eday .
cMENkkñúgbTza ²semahM vItemahM³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCab
smdUcBaküEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgGdðkza za ²sYrza RBH
dUcteTAenH . citþEdlRbkbedayvicikicäa nig óTÆc©; 2 Rbkar
eyaKI Gñkcg´edIm|IdwgnUvcitþ énCndéT
edayn&ycMeBaHrUbbuK<lbu¨eNÑaH eQμaHzacitþRbkbedayemah; .
kñúgGarub|CÄan
eXIjnUv
visuTÆimK< ERb
417
418
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
‘bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza’
EtsUm|IGkuslcitþTaMg12 Rbkar k*bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²citþRbkb edayemah;³ eRBaHemah;manenARBm kñúgGkuslTaMgBYg . citþ d*ess eQμaHza citþR:scakemah; ‘vItemahcitþ’ . cMENkcitþEdlRbRBwtþeTAtamzInmiTÆ; eQμaHza citþrujra . citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAtamóTÆc©; eQμaHza citþraymay .
‘251’ kñúgbueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza manGZib|ayza ; bTza ²bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNay³ esckþIza jaNNa kñúg bueBVnivasanusSti
‘RBHeyaKI
begÁancitþeTA’
edIm|ICaRbeyaCn¾
dl´jaNenaH . Baküza ²bueBVnivasa³ esckþIza xnÆEdlxøÜn
citþEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr eQμaHza citþEdldl´ nUv
GaRs&yehIykñuúgkalmunKWkúñgGtItCatiTaMgLay. bTza ²nivudða³
PaBCaZM ‘mhK<tcitþ’ . citþd*ess eQμaHza citþmindl´nUvPaB
esckþIza xnÆEdlxøÜnRKb´RKgehIy KWEdlxøÜnesayehIy KWza
CaZM ‘GmhK<tcitþ’ .
EdlekItehIyrlt´eTAvijkñúgsnþanrbs´xøÜnç mYyeT[t Zm(Edl
citþEdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgPUmi 3 TaMgGs´ eQμaHza citþEdlman
xøÜnenAGaRs&yehIy k*eQμaHza nivudða . esckþIza ²Zm(TaMgLay
Zm(RbesIrCag ‘sótþrcitþ’ . citþEdlCaelakutþr; eQμaHza citþ
EdlxøÜnenAGaRs&yehIy edaykiriyaenAGaRs&yCaeKacr Edl
EdlminmanZm(RbesIrCag ‘Gnutþrcitþ .
kMNt´dwg edayviJ¦aNrbs´xøÜnç mYyeT[t sUm|IkMNt´dwgc|as´
citþEdldl´nUvóbcar; nig citþEdldl´nUvGb|na eQμaHza
ehIy edayviJ¦aN rbs´buK<ldéT kñúgkalTaMgLaymankal
citþtaMgenAmaM ‘smaZicitþ’ . citþEdlminTan´:ndl´TaMgBIry¨ag
CaTInwkrlwk
eQμaHza citþ mintaMgenAmaM ‘GsmaZicitþ’ .
za nivudða . cMeBaHRBHBuTÆTaMgLayEtmüa¨g Etg:nnUvnivudðZm(TaMg
citþEdldl´nUvtTg<vimutþi vik¡mÖnvimutþi smuecäTvimutþi bdibsSTÆi
nUvbuK<lmaneRK]gvilvl´dac´ehIyCaedIm
k*eQμaH
LayenaH .
vimutþi nig nisSrNvimutþi eQμaHza citþrYcRsLH ‘vimutcitþ’ . citþ
bTza ²bueBVnivasanusSti³ esckþIza Pikú¡rlwker]y> nUvxnÆ
EdlminTan´:ndl´vimutþiTaMg 5 Rbkarnu@H bNÐitKb|IRCabza citþ
EdlxøÜnGaRs&yehIykñúgkalmun edaystiNaç stienaH eQμaH
EdlminTan´rYcRsLH ‘Gvimutþcitþ’ .
za bueBVnivasanusSti . Baküza ²jaN³ KWjaNEdlsm|yutþ
Pikú¡Gñk:necetabriyJ¦aN rEmgdwgc|as´ nUvcitþRKb´y¨ag
ehIy
edaystienaH
.
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´bueBVnivasanusSti-
za ²citþenH CacitþmanraK; ß .l. ßza citþenH CacitþminrYc
jaNenH dUceBalmkenHÉg . GZib|ayza ²edIm|Ii:nsMerc KW
RsLH³ edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
edIm|Idl´nUvjaNenH edaybueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN³ .
ecetabriyJ¦aNkza cb´ehIy .
bTza ²GenkvihitM³ esckþIza manEbbeRcIny¨ag müa¨geT[t
visuTÆimK< ERb esckþIza
oRbRBwtþeTA
KWEdlelakBN(naehIy
419
420
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
edayRbkar
elakTaMgenaH minGacedIm|IElgnUvlMdab´ehIyrlwkedayGMNac
d*eRcIn . bTza ²bueBVnivasM³ :ndl´ xnÆsnþanEdlxøÜnGaRs&y
éncuti nwg bdisnÆi:neT . eRBaHkarcuHkan´RbeTsEdlxøÜnR:zña
ehIy kñúgPBenaH> cab´taMgBIPBEdlCaGtItd*CitbMput . bTza
ehIy minman dl´BYktiræiyTaMgenaHEdldUcCamnusSxVak´ . mYy
²GnusSti³ KW rlwkeTAtamehIy> edayGMNaclMdab´énxnÆ ß
eT[t mnusSxVak´TaMgLay minecalnUveQIRct´esaHehIyedIreTA
edayGMNacéncuti nig bdisnÆi .
y¨agNamijç BYktiræiyTaMgenaH minecalnUvlMdab´énxnÆBit eTIb rlwk:n k*y¨agenaHEdr . RBHbktisav&kTaMgLayrlwk:ntam
‘buK<l 6 BYk rlwk:nnUvbueBVnivas’’ k*CnTaMgLay 6 BYk KW tiræiyTaMgLay bktisav&kTaMg Lay
mhasav&kTaMgLay
GK<sav&kTaMgLay
RBHbec©kBuTÆ
TaMgLay RBHBuTÆTaMgLay rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivasenH:n .
lMdab´xnÆxøH rMkilcUl:nedayGMNacéncutinwgbdisnÆixøH . RBH GsItimhasav&kTaMgLay
k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr
.
cMENkÉRBHGK<
sav&kTaMgBIr kic©edaylMdab´énxnÆ minmaneT . RBHGK<sav&kTaMg
bNþaCnTaMg 6 BYkenaH tiræiyTaMgLay rlwk:nEt 40
BIrGg<enaH rMkilehIyeTA edayGMNacéncuti nwg bdisnÆihñwgÉg
kb|eT . elIsGMBIenaH rlwkmin:neLIy . eRBaHehtuGVI/ .
y¨agenH KW ²elakeXIjnUvcuti rbs´GtþPaBmYy ehIyeXIj nUv
eRBaHtiræiyTaMgenaHmanR:C\aTn´exSay . EmnBit bJ¦a rbs´BYk
bdisnÆi eXIjcutirbs´GtþPaBdéTeT[tehIyeXIjnUvbdisnÆiç RBH
tiræiyTaMgenaHCabJ¦aTn´exSay eRBaHPav;énbJ¦aCaKuNCatR:s
bec©kBuTÆTaMgLay
ehIy cakkarkMNt´nUvnam nig rUb . RBHbktisav&kTaMgLay
kic©edaylMdab´énxnÆ
rlwk:n 100 kb|xøH 1ç000 kb|xøH eRBaHCaGñkmanbJ¦ad*xøaMg
edayGMNacéncuti nwg bdisnÆi k*minmanesaHeLIy . EmnBit
køa . RBHGsItimhasav&kTaMgLayrlwk:nGs´mYyEsnkb| .
RBHBuTÆTaMgLay R:zñanUvTINa> xageRkamkþI xagelIkþI kñúgekadi
RBHGK<sav&kTaMgBIrGg< rlwk:nGs´mYyGseg¡yü nwgmYyEsn
énkb|TaMgLayd*eRcInç TIenaH> CaTIR:kdEmnBitdl´RBHBuTÆTaMg
kb| . RBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgLay rlwk:nGs´BIrGseg¡yünwgmYy
LayenaHç eRBaHehtuenaH RBHBuTÆTaMgenaH RTg´bMRBYjehIyR:zña
Esnkb| . eRBaHGPinIharrbs´RBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgenaHmanRbmaN
nUvTINa> Gs´ekadiénkb|TaMgLay sUm|IminEtmYy dUcbMRBYj
bu¨eNÑH . EtsMrab´RBHBuTÆTaMgLay minmankMNt´eLIy .
nUv:lImanGtæKWxøÜnrkSaTuk ehIyk*rMkilcUleTAkñúgTIenaH> Etmþg
‘rlwk:nepSgKña’ mYyeT[t tiræiyTaMgLay rlwk:nEtlMdab´énxnÆbu¨eNÑaH .
k*y¨agdUecñaHEdr
.
minmanesaHeLIyç
cMENkRBHBuTÆTaMgLay kic©edaykarrMkilcUl
EtgyageTA edayGMNacénkiriyaQancuHdUcCastVsIh; . k* kalRBHBuTÆTaMgLayenaHRTg´esþcyageTAy¨agdUecñaHç RBHjaN
visuTÆimK< ERb
421
422
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
rbs´RBHGg< rEmgmineTIsTak´ mineXø{gXøat kñúgCatiTaMgLayCa
dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtams¬an
cenøaH> kalmineTIsTak´ mineXø{gXøat k*rEmgRTg´cab´yknUvTI
TaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtampøÚv edaysμgeCIgd*ZMç rbs´
EdlRBHGg<RTg´R:zñaehIy > EmnBit eQμaHza eRb[bdUcCakUn
RBHBuTÆTaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTAtampøÚvreTHd*ZM .
srEdlxμan´ZñÚR:kdesμIedayRBHeBaZistVeQμaHsrPg<; GñksÞat´
EtkñúgGZikarenH
edayreTH
.
rbs´RBHbec©kBuTÆ
karrlwker]y>nUvbueBVnivas
rbs´sav&k
mineTIs
TaMgLay KWx\úMsMEdgehIy . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úMeBalehIy
Tak´ kñúgTITaMgLaymaneQInigvløiCaedIm kñúgcenøaH rEmgZøak´kñúg
za ; bTza ²GnusSti³ KW rlwkeTAtamehIy > edayGMNacén
TICaTIkMNt´EmnBit mineTIsTak´ minPøat´xus dUecñaHÉg .
lMdab´énxnÆ ß edayGMNacéncuti nig bdisnÆi dUecñHÉg .
CMnajkñúgkar:j´nUveramcamrIeZVIehIy
:j´eTAehIy
‘eRb[bGanuPaBénjaN’
‘viZIeZVIbueBVnivasanusSti’
k*ÉkñúgCnTaMgLay EdlrlwknUvbueBVnivas:nTaMgenH kar
eRBaHehtuenaH
Pikú¡CaGaTikmμik;
GñkR:zñaedIm|Irlwker]y>
eXIjnUvbueBVnivaséntiræiyTaMgLay rEmgR:kdeLIg RbEhlKña
y¨agenH RtLb´mkGMBIbiNÐ:RtvijehIy kñúgkalCaxageRkay
nwgBnøWénstVGMBilGMEBkç kareXIjnUvbueBVnivasrbs´bktisav&k
énP&tþ eTAkñúgTIsáat´ eKcecjGMBIBYkehIysmáMenA cUlkan´Qan
TaMgLay RbEhlKñanwgBnøWRbTIbç rbs´RBHmhasav&kTaMgLay
TaMg 4 edaylMdab´ ecjcakctutæCÄanmanGPiJ¦aCaTItaMgehIy
RbEhlKñanwgBnøWKb´ePøIgç
RbEhl
Kb|IBicarNabg<úy eRkayeKbgÁs´ . bnÞabBIenaH Kb|IBicarNa
KñanwgBnøWénp,ayRBwkç rbs´RBHbec©kBuTÆTaMgLay RbEhlKñanwg
kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy Gs´yb´ nig ézáTaMgmUl edaylMdab´Rcas
BnøWRBHc&nÞç
RbEhlKña
‘bdielam’ y¨agdUecñH KW ²karRkalGasn; karcUlkan´Gasn;
EdlRbdab´
karer[bcMnUv:RtnigcIBr eBlevlaqan´ eBlmkGMBIRsuk eBl
rbs´RBHGK<sav&kTaMgLay
rbs´RBHBuTÆTaMgLay
rEmgR:kdeLIg
nwgBnøWénmNÐlénRBHGaTitümYyBan´
kñúgrdUvR:Mg
ehIyedayBan´énrsμI .
Rtac´eTAkñúgRsuk
edIm|IbiNÐ:Rt
eBlcUleTAkan´Rsuk
edIm|I
Ékarrlwker]y>nUvbueBVnivas éntiræiyTaMgLay Cakarrlwk
biNÐ:Rt eBlecjmkGMBIvtþ eBlzVaybgM<nUvRBHlanénectiy
eXIj dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTA tamcugéneQIRct´ rbs´mnusSxVak´
nigRBHlanénRBHeBaZiRBwkS eBllagnUv:Rt eBlTTYlnUv:Rt
TaMgLay . rbs´RBHbktisav&kTaMgLay dUcCakareZVIdMeNIreTA
kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy GMBIkarTTYl:Rt rhUtdl´karlubmux kic©
tams¬anedayeQIRct´ . rbs´RBHmhasav&kTaMgLay dUcCakar
EdlxøÜneZVIehIy
eZVIdMeNIreTAtams¬an edayCg<g´ .
ehIy kñúgmCÄimyam kic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy kñúgbfmyam .
rbs´RBHGK<sav&kTaMgLay
kñúgkalCaTIkMcat´bg´nUvggwt
kic©EdlxøÜneZVI
visuTÆimK< ERb k*Ékic©manRbmaNbu¨eNÑH
423
Cakic©R:kd
dl´citþCaRbRktI
424
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
o:ner]y>
.
ehIyecjGMBIQanenaHehIy
k*Kb|IBicarNa
hñwgÉg nwg:nCakic©R:kd hak´bIdUcCaéRkeBk dl´smaZicitþ
TIenaHcuH . eRBaHza RBHeyaKI kaleZVIy¨agenaH ecjGMBIQan
kñuúgbrikmμEtmþg . EtzaRbsinebI kñúgkic©TaMgnu@H kic©tictYc Cakic©
CaTItaMg ehIyminBicarNa nUvQanEdlxøÜnBicarNaehIy kñúg
minR:kdeTç RBHeyaKI RtUvcUlQanCaTItaMg ecjehIy Kb|I
kalmun ehIyBicarNanUvbdisnÆiEtmüa¨g ebIkehIy nUvbdisnÆi
BicarNamþgeT[t . edayehtumanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH kic©TaMgGs´
Gs´kalminyUrbu¨nμanhñwgÉg Kb|IeZVInUvnamrUbEdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúg
Cakic©R:kd dUcCa ‘kñúgeBlggwt’ kalebIRbTIbeqHehIy GVI>
xN;éncutioCaGarmμN¾ eQμaHza eRb[bdUcCabursGñkmankMLaMg
k*R:kd dUecñaHEdr .
kat´nUvedImeQIZM
RBHeyaKI Kb|IBicarNakic©EdlxøÜneZVIehIy edaybdielam
edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´ehaCagénbus|úkç
muxb¨UvezAEqbehIyç kalminGacedIm|Ikat´nUvedImeQIZM:n k*min
hñwgÉg y¨agenHKW kúñgézáTI2 xøH kñúgézáTI3 TI4 nig TI 5 xøH kñúg
eZIVnUvkare:Hbg´ecalnUvZur;eLIy
10 ézáxøH kñúgknøHExxøH kñúg 1 ExxøH rhUtdl´ 1 qñaMxøH .
eZIVb¨UvezAomutehIy
eday
kalebI
ehIyeTAkan´eragCag
k*RtLb´mkvijkat´mþgeT[tç
oCag
kalebIb¨UvezA
ó:yenHÉg RBHeyaKI kalBicarNa Gs´ 10 qñaM 20 qñaM dUecñH
EqbmþgeT[tç k*oCageZVIdUecñaHÉg ehIykat´saCazμIç bursenaH
CaedIm rhUtdl´bdisnÆi rbs´xøÜn kñúgPBenH Kb|IBicarNanamrUb
kalkat´y¨agenH minyUrbu¨nμaneLIy k*Kb|IpþÜledImeQIZM:nEmn
EdlRbRBwtþeTAehIy kñúgxN;éncuti kñúgPBmun . EmnBit Pikú¡
Bit eRBaHeQIEdlxøÜnkat´ehIy minEmnCarbs´EdlKb|Ikat´ mþg
CabNÐit EtglμmRKan´edIm|IebIknUvbdisnÆi ehIyeZVInUvnamrUb kñúg
eT[t nig eRBaHkat´nUveQIEdlminTan´:nkat´ehIy dUecñaHÉg .
xN;éncuti oCaGarmμN¾ edayvar;CadMbUgEtmþg . bu¨EnþnamrUb kñúgPBmun rlt´ehIy minmanesssl´ namrUbdéT ekIteLIg ehIy
eRBaHehtuNaç
EdldasCitxagelI
eRBaHehtuenaH
TIenaH
CaTIecalnamrUb
dUcCaTIggwtRbEhlbuK<lxVak´
esckþIenH bNÐitKb|IsMEdg edayer]gTaMgLay maner]g buK<lGñkBuHós nig Cagkat´sk´CaedImk*:nEdr .
‘kardwgkñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aN’
EdlbuK<l
kñúgkic©TaMgenaH jaN EdleZVI ‘kic©’ cab´epþImGMBIbg<úycug
minmanR:C\a kRmnwgeXIj:n . eTaHCadUecñaH Pikú¡enaHk*minKb|I
eRkay rhUtdl´bdisnÆi oCaGarmμN¾ehIy RbRBwtþeTA min:n
eZVIkare:Hbg´nUvZur; edayKitza ²GatμaGj minGacedIm|IebIk nUv
eQμaHza bueBVnivasJ¦aNeT . k*bu¨Enþ jaNenaH maneQμaHza
bdisnÆi ehIyeZVInUvnamrUb EdlRbRBwtþeTA kñúgxN;éncuti oCa
brikmμsmaZiJ¦aN ‘jaNEdlRbkbCamYynwgbrikmμsmaZi’ .
GarmμN¾:n³ dUecñHeT . Etza Pikú¡Kb|IcUlQanCaTItaMgenaHÉg
GacarüBYkxøH ehAza GtItMsJ¦aN ‘jaNCaeRK]gdwgnUvcMENk
visuTÆimK< ERb
425
426
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
‘sMvdþkb| vivdþkb|’
EdlknøgeTAehIy’³ dUecñHk*man . Bakü ‘rbs´GacarüBYkxøH’enaH minRtUveT eRBaH ‘GtItMsJ¦aN’ sMedAykrU:vcr . ‘cMENkÉ brikmμsmaZiJ¦aN Cakamavcr’ .
cMENkkñúgBaküza ²Genekbi sMvdþkeb|³ dUecñHCaedImbNÐit Kb|IRCabdUcteTA . kb|EdlkMBugsabsUnü bNÐitKb|IRCabza
k*kñúgeBlNa menaTVaravC¢n; knøgnUvbdisnÆi eZVInamrUbEdl
²sMvdþkb|³ kb|EdlkMBugcMerIn Kb|IRCabza ²vivdþkb|³ . bNþa
RbRBwtþeTA kñúgxN;éncuti oCaGarmμN¾ehIyekIteLIg dl´Pikú¡
kb|TaMgBIrenaH sMvdþdðayIkb| Cakb|KWelakkMNt´ehIy eday
enH nig kalebImenaTVaravC¢n;enaH rlt´eTAehIy Cv&nTaMgLay
sMvdþkb| . eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eRBaHsMvdþdðayIkb| mansMvdþkb|
4 ß 5 eZVInUvnamrUbenaHÉg oCaGarmμN¾ehIy rEmgsÞúHeTAç
enaHCamUl
bNþaCv&nTaMgLayNa Cv&nTaMgLaymankñúgkalmun EdleQμaH
vivdþkb| . kalebImanehtuy¨agenH Gseg¡yükb|TaMgLayNa
za brikmμCv&nCaedIm Cakamavcrç Cv&ncugeRkayCarU:vcr RbRBwtþ
EdlRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´:nRtas´ehIyza ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay
eTAkñúgctutæCÄan CaGb|nacitþ tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy kñúg
Gseg¡yü‘kalEdlyUrrab´min:n’énkb|enHman4 . Gseg¡yü
kalmunhñwgÉgç kñúgeBlenaH jaNNa ekIteLIg dl´Pikú¡enaH
4 KWGVIxøH/ KW sMvdþkb|ç sMvdþdðayIkb|ç vivdþkb|ç vivdþdðayIkb|³
CamYynwgcitþenaH jaNenH eQμaHza bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aN .
dUecñHç ‘1’ Gseg¡yükb|TaMgLayenaH Cakb|EdlelakkMNt´
Pikú¡enaH rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivas manEbbeRcIny¨ag edaysti
ykehIy .
.
vivdþdðayIkb|
Cakb|KWelakkMNt´ehIy
eday
‘sMvdþkb|’
Edlsm|yutþehIy edayjaNenaH . manEbbeRcIny¨ag etI dUcemþcxøH/ . KWPikú¡ rlwker]y> nUvbueBVnivas manEbbeRcIny¨ag
bNþakb|TaMgenaH sMvdþkb| manbIKt´ KW ; Gae:sMvdþkb|
RBmTaMgGakar; RBmTaMgóeTÞs rhUtkaldUecñH KW mYyCatik*man
‘kb|EdlvinasedayTwk’ eteCasMvdþkb| ‘kb|Edlvinaseday
BIrCatik*man .l. ³ dUecñHÉg .
ePøIg’ vaeyasMvdþkb| ‘kb|Edlvinasedayxül´’ .
‘Gtæn&yénCati nig kb|’ ‘252’
kñúg:f;TaMgenaH Baküza ²Ékm|i Catw³ esckþIza
xnÆsnþanmYy manbdisnÆiCaxagedIm mancutiCaTIbMput rab´bJ©Úl ehIykñúgPBmYyk*man . sUm|IkñúgBaküza ²eTVbi Catieya³ dUecñH CaedIm k*n&ydUcKñaenHEdr .
‘RBMEdnénesckþIvinas’ RBMEdnénesckþIvinas k*man 3 KW RBhμelakCan´GaPsSra Can´suPkiNØa Can´evhböla . kñúgkalEdlkb|vinas eday ePøIg ‘elak’RtUvePøIgeqH xageRkamGMBIGaPsSraRBhμ . 1- suÇ GMÇ
KaKTI 43 TMB&rTI 2 .
kñúgkal
visuTÆimK< ERb
427
428
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
‘eteCasMvdþkb|’
Edlkb|vinasedayTwk ‘elak’ rlayedayTwk BÆd*xageRkam suPkiNØaRBhμ . kñúgkalEdlkb|vinas edayxül´ ‘elak’
esckþIza kñúgsm&yEdlkb|vinasedayePøIg . ePø{gZMjúaMg
x©at´x©ay edayxül´ BÆd*xageRkamevhbölaRBhμ . EtebIeBal
kb|ovinas taMgeLIg cab´taMgGMBIedImhñwgÉg bgÁúrePø{gmYyemZM
edayBisþar BuTÆek¡tþmYy Etgvinas sBVkalEdr .
Gs´mYyEsnekadicRkvaL . mnusSTaMgLay eRtkGrehIy naM
‘BuTÆek¡tþ 3’
ykBUCRKb´y¨ageTAsabeRBaH . bu¨Enþ luHsnÞÚgTaMgLayduH:n
eQμaHza BuTÆek¡tþ man 3 y¨agKW Catiek¡tþ 1ç GaNaextþ 1ç
lμmeKasIu:nehIyç mhaemXenaH k*ERskRKhwm dUcCasERmk
visyek¡tþ 1 . bNþaBuTÆek¡tþTaMgbIenaH Catiek¡tþ CaextþmanmYy
énstVla minbgÁúrcuHnUvTwkePø{gsUm|ImYytMNk´eLIy . kñúgkal
muWncRkvaLCaTIbMput
kñúgehtuGs©arü
enaH ePø{gdac´RsLHehIy . EmnBit RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMedA
TaMgLay mankarcab´bdisnÆiCaedIm énRBHtzaKt . GaNaextþ
ykePø{gdac´sUnüenH eTIbRTg´Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay man
manEsnekadicRkvaLCaTIbMput KWCaextþEdlGanuPaB énRBHbritþ
sm&yEdlePø{gminbgÁúrcuH Gs´eRcInqñaM eRcInryqñaM eRcInBan´qñaM
TaMgLayenH KW rtnbritþ xnÆbritþ ZCK<britþ Gadanadiybritþ nig
eRcInEsnqñaM ‘1’³ dUecñH . stVTaMgLayEdlrs´enAGaRs&yTwk
emarbritþ RbRBwtþeTA . visyek¡tþ CaextþminmanTIbMput minman
ePø{g eZVIkalkiriyaehIyeTAekIt kñúgRBhμelakç BYkeTvta Edl
RbmaNEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´Rtas´za ²ßza tzaKtKb|IR:zña
rs´enAeRBaHGaRs&ynUvp,aeQI nig EpøeQI cutiehIyk*eTAekIt kúñg
dl´RtwmNak*:n ‘1’ ³ dUecñHCaedIm CaextþEdlRBHtzaKtR:zña
RBhμelakEdr . kalebIeBlevlad*Evg knøgeTA edaykardac´
nUvehtuNa> k*RTg´RCabnUvehtuenaH> .
ePø{gy¨agenH TwkkñúgTIenaH> k*dl´nUvkarGs´rlIg . RKaenaH RtI
CaextþCaTIkMerIkjab´j&r
kñúgBuTÆek¡tþTaMgLay 3 enH dUceBalmkenH extþmYy KW
nigGeNþIkTaMgLay k*søab´edaylMdab´ eTAekItkñúgRBhμelakxøH
GaNaextþ Etgvinas . EtzakalebIGaNaextþenaHvinasç sUm|I
sUm|IstVnrkTaMgLay søab´ehIy k*eTAekItkñúgRBhμelakEdr .
Catiek¡tþ k*CaextþvinaseTApgEdr . k*BuTÆek¡tþTaMg 2 enaH kal
GacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²bNþastVTaMgenaH BYkstVnrk vinas
vinas k*Etgvinas kñúgTICamYyKñaEdr . sUm|IkaltaMgenA k*taMg
eRBaHPav;énkarR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI7 ³ dUecñH k*man .
enA kñúgTICamYyKñaEdr . esckþIvinas nig kartaMgenA énBuTÆek¡tþ enaH bNÐitKb|IRCab dUcteTAenH ; 1- suÇ
GMÇ
KaKTI 41 TMB&rTI 315 .
sYrza ²karekIt kñúgRBhμelak ev[rcakQan minmaneTç k* bNþastVTaMgenaH stVTaMgLayBYkxøH 1- suÇ
GMÇ
KaKTI 47 TMB&rTI 184 .
RtUvesckþIGt´Xøaneb[t
visuTÆimK< ERb
429
430
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
eb[nehIy stVBYkxøHCastVGP&B cakkar:nQanç stVTaMgenaH
:nnUvQan kñúgeTvelakenaH . cMENkstVTaMgLay déTGMBI
eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelakenaH y¨agdUcemþcekIt/³ dUecñH . eqøIyza
G:yikstVenaH
²stVTaMgenaH eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak:n edayGMNacQanEdl
t> Kña . EmnBit eQμaHzastVEdlGenÞalkñúgsMsar EdlR:s
xøÜn:nehIykñúgeTvelak³ . EmnBit kñúgkalenaH BYkkamavcr
cakkmμEdlxøÜnKb|IesayCabnþbnÞab´ minmaneT . sUm|IstVTaMg
eTvta eQμaHzaCaGñkek[rKrnUvstVelak dwgza ²GMNwHteTA mYy
enaH k*:ncMeBaHnUvQan kñúgeTvelakenaH dUcKñaEdr . stVTaMg
EsnqñaM nwgmankarRbl&ykb|³ dUecñH manPñÜgsk´rbUtehIy man
LaysUm|ITaMgBYg k*eTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak:n edayGMNacén
sk´rMsayehIy manmuxERskyM ykédCUtTwkEPñk esø{ksMBt´
QanEdlxøÜn:nehIy kñúgeTvelak edayRbkardUecñHÉg .
ekItkñúgeTvelak
edaykmμEdlxøÜnKb|Iesay
‘ ekItRBHGaTitü 7 ’
B(NRkhm CaGñkRTRTg´nUvePTénbuK<ld*cMELkéRkeBk Rtac´eTA kñúgpøÚvmnusS RbkasR:b´ y¨agenHza ²mñalGñkniTu(k¡TaMgLay>
mYyeT[t bnÞab´GMBIkarraMgePø{g edayGMNwHkald*Evg RBH
GMNwHmYyEsnqñaM GMBIqñaMenHeTA nwgmankarRbl&ykb|ç elakenH
GaTitü TI2 k*ekItR:kdeLIg . smdUcCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´
nwgvinas sUm|ImhasmuRT k*nwgrIgsáÜtç mhaRbwzBI nig PñMsienru
Rtas´za ²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay sm&yenaHman³ dUecñHCaedIm . RBH
raC
GaTitü TI7 bNÐitKb|IsMEdg oBisþarcuH . luHdl´RBHGaTitü
k*nwgRtUvePøIgeqHeLIg
drabdl´RBhμelakç cUrcMerInnUvemtþa
nwgvinaseTAç
esckþIvinas
mñalGñkniT(uk¡TaMgLayeGIy
mñalGñkniTu(k¡TaMgLayeGIy
nwgman
GñkTaMgLay
GñkTaMgLay
TI2
enaH
ekItR:kdehIyç
karkMNt´nUveBlyb´
k*minR:kd
cUr
karkMNt´nUveBlézá k*minR:kdEdr . RBHGaTitümYy rHeLIg .
cMerInnUvkruNa cUrcMerInnUvmuTita cUrcMerInnUvóebk¡a cUrGñkTaMgLay
RBHGaTitümYy lic:t´eTA . elak mankMedAmkGMBIRBHGaTitü
beRmInUvmata cUrbeRmInUvbita GñkTaMgLaycUrCaGñkmankarRbRBwtþi
mindac´esaH . k*suriyeTvbuRt man kñúgRBHGaTitüCaRbRktI y¨ag
eRkatERkgdl´buK<lCac|gkñúgRtkUl³ dUecñH . mnusSTaMgLay
Naç
nigPumμeTvtaTaMgLay edayeRcIn manesckþItk´søútd*ZMekIteLIg
y¨agenaHeT . kñúgRBHGaTitüTaMg 2 enaH kalebIRBHGaTitü Ca
ehIy eRBaH:nsþab´nUvBakü rbs´kamavcreTvtaTaMgenaH CaGñk
RbRktI kMBugRbRBwtþeTAç BBkkþI GNþatePøIgkþI EtgRtac´eTA BÆd*
mancitþeTarTn´eTAvijeTAmkrkKña eZVIbuNüTaMgLay manemtþaCa
Gakas . kalebIRBHGaTitüEdljúaMgkb|ovinas RbRBwtþeTAç
edIm ‘søab´eTA’ k*rEmgeTAekIt kñúgRBhμelak . eTvtaTaMgenaH
épÞénGakas manEpSg nigBBkeTAR:sehIy CaépÞPøWRsLH dUc
esaynUvsuZaePaCn¾d*CaTiBVehIy eZVIbrikmμkñúgvaeyaksiN eTIb
CamNÐlénkJ©k´ .
kñúgRBHGaTitüEdljúaMgkb|ovinas
minmansuriyeTvbuRt
elIkElgEtsÞwgZMTaMg 5 ecj TwkkñúgTI
visuTÆimK< ERb
431
TaMgLay mansÞwgtUcd*essCaedIm rIgsáÜtGs´ . bnÞab´GMBIenaH
edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg
432
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
Lay mankMBUlx¬s´ 100 eyaCn¾CaedIm k*relH:t´sUnüehIy
sÞwgZMTaMgLay
BÆd*GakasenaHÉg . GNþatePøIgenaH qabeLIgcab´ykeTvelak
pgEdr k*rIgsáÜtGs´ eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI 3
Can´catumμharaCika . GNþatePøIgenaHeqHnUvvimanmas vimanrtn;
Naç
nig vimanEkvmNITaMgLay kñúgeTvelak Can´catumμharaCikaenaH
RBHGaTitü TI 3 enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg . tGMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg mhaRsHTaMg
ehIy k*cab´ykPBtavtþwgS . edayó:yenHÉg GNþatePøIg
7 enH KW; RsHsIh:tn; RsHhMs:tn; RsHkNÑmuNÐk;
ralcab´yk rhUtdl´ ‘RBhμelak’ Can´bfmCÄanPUmi . GNþat
RsHrzkar; RsHGenatþ; RsHqnÞnþ; RsHkuNal; EdlCaRbPB
ePøIgenaH eqHnUvRBhμelakTaMg 3 kñúgbfmCÄanPUmienaHGs´ehIy
énsÞwgd*ZM kñúgéRBhimBanþ rIgsáÜtGs´ eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIg
Tl´GaPsSraRBhμ eTIbQb´ . sg¡ar sUm|Id*lÁit mandrabNaç
énRBHGaTitü TI 4 Naç RBHGaTitü TI 4 enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg .
GNþatePøIgenaH k*minrlt´ drabenaH . k*eRBaHGs´eTAénsg¡ar
bnÞab´GMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg TwksUm|I
TaMgBYg GNþatePøIgenaH eTIbrlt´eTA minoesssl´GVI> sUm|I
RtwmEtTTwkzñaMgénRmaméd k*mindk´enAkñúgmhasmuRT edaylMdab´
EtepH dUcCaGNþatePøIgEdleqHnUvTwkedaHzøa nigeRbgdUecñaHÉg .
eRBaHkarekItR:kdeLIgénRBHGaTitü TI 5 Naç RBHGaTitü TI 5
GakasxagelI RBmTaMgGakasxageRkam k*ekItggwtd*ZMEtmYy .
‘ry;eBlEdlvinas’
enaH k*ekItR:kdeLIg . bnÞab´GMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg cRkvaL
bnÞab´BIenaHmk
edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg
mhaemXtaMg
TaMgmUlmanEpSgEtmYy manC&rRKbsg,t´ehIyedayEpSg eRBaH
eLIgehIy CadMbUg k*bgÁúrcuHnUvePø{gd*lÁit kaljúaMgePø{goZøak´
PaBekItR:kdénRBHGaTitüTI 6 Naç
cuH edayT-TwkTaMgLay bu¨nTgQUk bu¨neQIRct´ bu¨nGERg nig
RBHGaTitüTI 6 enaH ekIt
R:kdeLIg . k*cRkvaLenH y¨agNaç sUm|IEsnekadicRkvaL
bu¨nedImetñatCaedIm
k*y¨agenaHEdr .
Gs´ kñúgEsnekadicRkvaL oeBjehIy eTIb:t´eTA . xül´
bnÞab´GMBIenaHmkeT[t edayGMNwHeTAénkald*Evg cRkvaL TaMgmUl
CacRkvaLmanGNþatePøIgEtmYy
CamYynwgEsnekadi
cRkvaLTaMgLay eRBaHPaBR:kdeLIg énRBHGaTitü TI 7 Naç RBHGaTitü TI 7 enaH ekItR:kdeLIg .
sUm|IkMBUlPñMsienruTaMg
edaylMdab´
júaMgTIEdlePøIgeqHehIyTaMg
RTnUvTwkenaH xageRkampg xagTTwgpg eZVIoeTACadMu . TwkenaH mUl RbEhlKñanwgdMNk´Twk elIsøwkQUk . ebImanBaküecaTsYrza ²xül´ eZVInUvKMnrénTwkd*ZMdl´emø¨aH o CadMu:n y¨agdUcemþc/³ .
Kb|IeqøIyza ²eZVI:n eRBaHTwkebIknUv
visuTÆimK< ERb
433
434
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
Rbehago³ . EmnBit TwkenaHonUvRbehag dl´xül´enaH kñúgTI
eXIjnUvggwt k*P&yxøac . lMdab´enaH mNÐlénRBHGaTitü TMhM
enaH> . TwkenaH RtUvxül´RbmUlpþMú eZVIoeTACadMu y¨agenaH k*Gs´
50 eyaCn¾ EdljúaMgP&y ovinasehIy begI,tnUvPaBekø{vkøa
eTA hYtcuHeTAxageRkam edaylMdab´ . kalebITwkhYtcuHehIy>
dl´stVTaMgenaH ekIteLIgR:kd . stVTaMgenaHeXIjnUvmNÐl
RBhμelak k*ekItR:kdeLIg kñúgkEnøgEdlZøab´CaRBhμelak nig
énRBHGaTitüenaHehIy k*mancitþeRtkGrza ²eyIgTaMgLay :n
eTvelakTaMgLay k*ekIteLIgR:kd kñúgkEnøgEdlZøab´Cakama-
nUvBnøWehIy³ eTIbeZVInUveQμaHénmNÐlRBHGaTitüenaHza ²suriy;³
vcreTvelak 4 Can´ BÆd*xagelI . Etza kalebITwkhYtcuHehIy
hñwgÉg eRBaHBaküEdlstVTaMgLayenaHeBalza ²mNÐlénBnøW
mkdl´TIEdlZøab´CaEpndImkBImunç xül´d*mankMLaMgk*ekIteLIg .
d*viessEdljúaMgP&y rbs´BYkeyIgEdlP&yxøac ovinasehIy
xül´d*mankMLaMgenaH EtgsÞHTuknUvTwkenaH eZVIminoRCYtRCab:n
júaMgPaBekø{vkøaoekIteLIg rHeLIgehIy eRBaHehtuenaH mNÐl
dUcTwkEdlfitenAkñúgZmμRkk EdlbuK<lbiTmat´CitehIydUecñaH .
énBnøWd*viessenaH cUreQμaHsuriy;³ dUecñH .
‘ekItmanRBHc&nÞ’
TwkmanrsEpÁm dl´nUvkarGs´eTA júaMgEpndImanrs BÆd*xagelI oekIteLIgRBm
.
EpndImanrsenaH
CavtæúEdldl´RBmehIy
lMdab´enaH
kalebIRBHGaTitü
eZVInUvBnøW
kñúgevlaézáehIy
edayB(N nig dl´RBmedaykøin nig rs dUcCaxÞiH BÆd*xagelI
lic:t´eTAç BYkstVTaMgenaH k*P&yxøacmþgeT[t edayERskyMza
én:y:yasEdlminmanTwkdUecñaHÉg .
²BYkeyIg:nehIynUvBnøWÉNa BnøWrbs´BYkeyIgenaHÉg :n:t´
‘GaPsSrRBhμesayrsEpndICaGahar’
eTAehIy³ dUecñH . stVTaMgenaH EtgmanesckþIriHKit y¨agenHza
k*kñúgkalenaH stVTaMgLay EdlekItmuneK kñúgGaPsSr-
²Kb|ICakarRbéBNas´hñ@ zaebIBYkeyIgKb|I:nBnøWdéTeT[t! ³ .
RBhμelak cuti cakGaPsSrRBhμelakenaH eRBaHGs´Gayu ß
mNÐlénRBHc&nÞ TMhM 49 eyaCn¾ hak´dUcCadwgnUvcitþ rbs´stV
Gs´buNü Caób:tik; EtgcUleTAekItkñúgelakenH . stVTaMg
TaMgenaH ekIteLIgR:kd . stVTaMgenaHeXIjnUvmNÐlénRBHc&nÞ
enaH CaGñkmanrsμIPøWedayxøÜnÉg Rtac´eTAkñúgGakas:n . stV
enaHehIy mancitþeRtkGréRkeBk hYsRbmaN k*naMKñadak´eQμaH
TaMgenaH PøkSehIynUvEpndImanrsenaH RtUvtNØaRKbsg,t´ehIy
mNÐlRBHc&nÞenaHza ²RBHc&nÞ³ dUecñHhñwgÉg eRBaHBaküEdlBYkeK
BüayamRbwgERbg
tamn&yEdl
eBalehIyza ²mNÐlBnøWd*viessenH hak´dUcCadwgesckþIeBj
elakeBalehIy kñúgGK<J¦sURtÉeNaH . RKaenaH rsμIPøWeday
citþ rbs´BYkeyIg rHeLIgehIy eRBaHehtuenaH mNÐl énBnøW
xøÜnÉg rbs´stVTaMgenaHk*:t´eTA ggwtk*ekItman . stVTaMgenaH
d*viessenH cUrCaRBHc&nÞ³ dUecñH .
edIm|IeZVIoCaBMnUtehIybriePaK
visuTÆimK< ERb
435
‘ekItmannk¡tþb\kS’
436
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
qáaj´ k*ekItR:kd . edayn&ydUcKñaenaHEdr vløid*cMerIn manrs
kalebIRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü ekIteLIgR:kdy¨agdUecñHehIyç
qáaj´enaHÉg k*GnþrZan:t´eTA . RsUvsalI Carbs´min:c´daM
nk¡tþb\kS ‘p,ay’ TaMgLay k*ekIteLIgR:kd . cab´taMgGMBI
edayós minmanknÞk´ minmanGg,am mankøinRkGUb manEpøCaGg,r
enaHmk yb´ nig ézá k*ekItR:kd nig Ex knøHEx rdUv nig qñaM
ekIteLIgR:kd . bnÞab´mk PaCn;TaMgLayk*ekIteLIg dl´stV
TaMgLay k*ekItR:kd edaylMdab´ .
TaMgenaH . stVTaMgenaH dak´RsUvsalI kñúgPaCn;ehIy TukelI
mYyeT[t kñúgézáEdlRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü ekIteLIgR:kd
xñgénpÞaMgzμ . GNþatePøIg taMgeLIgedayxøÜnÉgehIy cMGinnUv
nu@HÉg PñMsienru PñMcRkvaL nig PñMhimBanþ k*ekIteLIgR:kd . k*É
Gg,rRsUvsalIenaHÉg . Gg,renaH køayeTACa:y RbEhlKñanwg
PñMTaMg 3 enaH ekIteLIgR:kd kñúgézáeBjbUN(mI Expl<úN Emn
p,amøiHrYtEmnBit . :yenaH minmankic©EdlRtUveZVI edaysmø ß
Bit minmunmineRkayKñaeLIy . sYrza eRBaHehtuGVI/ . eqøIyza
edaymØÚbeRk[meT . BYkstVTaMgenaH CaGñkR:zñaedIm|IbriePaK nUv
kalebI:yénGg,rez¬A
rsNa> :yk*manrsenaH> Etmþg .
EdleKcMGin
taMgeLIgnUvBBuHTaMgLay
edaydMNalKñaEtmþgç RbeTsTaMgLayBYkmYy CaBMnUk> BYk
‘mURtçkrIsçTVar nig emzun ekItman’
RbeTsTaMgenaH
kalebIstVTaMgenaH briePaKnUvGahard*eRKatRKatenaH mURt
kñúgTIx¬s´> ekItCaPñMTaMgLayç kñúgTITMnab> KWCasmuRTTaMgLayç
nig krIs k*ekItRBm cab´edImBIkarbriePaKGaharenaH . RKaenaH
kñúgTIrabesμI> KWeTACaTIVbTaMgLay k*y¨agenaHÉg .
muxéndMe¶TaMgLay k*Ebkecjmk edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kiriyahUr
mYyCaTMnab>
BYkmYyrabesμI>
y¨agNamijç
‘Gahard*RbNItk*:t´eTA’
ecjnUvmURt nig krIsenaH rbs´stVTaMgenaH . PaBCabursk*ekIt
RKaenaH kalebIstVTaMgenaH briePaKnUvEpndImanrsç stV
R:kd dl´burs ÉPaBCa®sþI k*ekItR:kd dl´®sþIEdr . :n»
BYkxøH mansm|úrlÁ stVBYkxøH mansm|úrGaRkk´ edaylMdab´ .
mkza bNþaburs nig®sþITaMgenaH ®sþIsMLwgemIlburs nig burs
bNþastVTaMgenaH BYkstVmansm|úrlÁ EtgemIlgaynUvBYkstV
sMLwgemIl®sþI hYskMNt´ . karRkhl´RkhayeRBaHkam ekIt
Edlmansm|úrGaRkk´ . EpndImanrsenaHÉg k*GnþrZan:t´eTA
man dl´stVTaMgenaH eRBaHkarsMLwgemIlhYskMNt´Cabc©&y .
eRBaHbc©&yénGtimanH ‘karRbkan´éRkeBk’ énstVTaMgLayenaH .
bnÞab´BIenaHmk stVTaMgenaH k*esBnUvemzunZmμ . eRBaHkaresB
RkmrEpndI ekItR:kd . bnÞab´mk edayn&yenaHÉg sUm|IRkmr
nUvGsTÆmμCabc©&y BYkeKTaMgenaH RtUvBYkviJ¦ÚCn tiHed[l eb[t
EpndIenaH rbs´BYkeK k*GnþrZan:t´eTAEdr .
eb[n eZVInUvpÞHTaMgLay eRBaHehtuénkarbiT:MgnUvGsTÆmμenaH .
vliød*cMerInmanrs
visuTÆimK< ERb
437
‘ekItmanGTinñaTan’
438
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
nwgbEnæmonUvcMENkénRsUvsalIdl´stVenaH³ dUecñH. k*kalebI
stVTaMgLayenaH enARKb´RKgpÞH dl´nUvTidðanuKti énstVGñk
stVTaMgLay eZVIkarRbCMuKñay¨agenHeRscehIyç RBHd*manRBHPaK
eday
Gg<enHÉg CaRBHeBaZistV kñúgkb|enHmuneK sm&yenaH RBHGg<
lMdab´ . cab´epþImGMBIeBlenaHmk TaMgknÞk´TaMgGg,am rYbrwtnUv
CaGñkmanRBHrUblÁéRkElgCag kñúgstVTaMgLayenaH . RBHGg<
Gg,r . sUm|ITIEdleKRcUtehIyk*minRtLb´duHeLIgvijEdr . stV
CaGñkKWbuK<lKYrKyKn´Cag nig CaGñkmans&kiþeRcInCag RTg´dl´
TaMgenaH Gg<úyRbCMuKña dkdegØImZMza ²mñalKñaeyIgTaMgLay Z(m
edayBuTÆi RTg´GacedIm|IeZVInUvkarpÞújpÞal´ nig karp<geLIg . stV
TaMgLayd*lamk ekItR:kd kñúgstVTaMgLayehIyhñ@ç EmnBit
TaMgenaH k*cUleTArkRBHGg< GgVrkrehIyk*:nsnμteLIg . RBH
kñúgkalmun BYkeyIgCastVekItedayQancitþ‘menamy;’³ dUecñH
eBaZistVenaH R:kdehIy edayRBHnamTaMgLay 3 KW RBHnam
CaedIm . BaküTaMgBYg bNÐitKb|IsMEdgoBisþar tamn&yEdl
za ²mhasmμt;³ eRBaHCaGñkEdlmhaCnenaH snμteLIgehIyç
elakeBalehIy kñúgGK<J¦sURtcuH ‘1’ . tBIenaHmk stVTaMg
RBHnamza ²kS&Rt³ eRBaHRBHGg<CaGZibtICaZM elIextþTaMgLayç
enaH eTIber[bcMPøWERs‘RBMEdn’ . RKaenaH stVdéTeT[t kan´yk
RBHnamza ²raCa³ eRBaHRTg´júaMgGñkdéToeRtkGr edayRBHZm(d*
nUvcMENk rbs´stVmYyeT[t EdleKmin:noehIy . stVTaMg
esμIKña . k*tMENgÉNaCatMENgd*Gs©arükñúgelakç RBHeBaZistV
enaH pþasanUvstVenaH Gs´var;BIrdg kñúgelIkTIbI k*Rbhareday
hñwgÉg RTg´CabursmuneK kñúgtMENgenaH . kalebImNÐlkSRt
eRK]gRbharTaMgLay man:téd dMudI nig dMbgCaedIm .
elIktaMgRBHeBaZistV oCaGñkmuneK y¨agenHehIyç sUm|IvNÑ;
RbkbedayCatiCaGñkx¢ilRcGUsNamYy
eTIbeZVIkarsnSM
‘ekItmanRBHraCadMbUg’
TaMgLaymanvNÑ;RBahμN¾CaedIm k*ekIteLIg edaylMdab´ .
kalebIkarlYcRTBü kartiHed[lKña karniyaykuhk nigkar
‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’
kan´yknUvdMbg ekIteLIgehIyç stVTaMgenaH k*mkRbCMu RbwkSaKña
kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH cab´taMgGMBImhaemXEdljúaMgkb|o
za ²ebIdUecñaHmanEtBYkeyIgKb|IsnμtnUvstVmYyrUbç kñúgcMeNam
vinas rhUtdl´kardac´RsLHénGNþatePIøg enHCaGseg¡yümYy
BYkeyIg stVNa Kb|Ib®g,abnUvstVEdlxøÜnKb|Ib®g,ab Kb|ItiH
ehAza ²sMvdþkb|³ . cab´taMgGMBIGNþatePøIg EdljúaMgkb|o
ed[l nUvstVEdlxøÜnKb|ItiHed[l Kb|IbeNþjecj nUvstVEdl
vinas dac´RsLHGs´eTA rhUtdl´kekIt:nCamhaemX Edl
xøÜnKb|IbeNþjecj:n edayRbéBç
júaMgEsnekadicRkvaLoeBj enHCaGseg¡yüTI 2 elakehAza
1- GK<J¦sURt manenAkñúg
mYyeT[t
suÇ TIÇ :Ç KaKTI 18
eyIgTaMgLay
TMB&rTI 53 .
²sMvdþdðayIkb|³ .
cab´taMgGMBIkekItmhaemXmk rhUtdl´kar
visuTÆimK< ERb
439
440
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
ekItR:kdeLIg énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitüenH CaGseg¡yü TI3
sáb´drabenaHç bu¨EnþluHRKbsg,t´nUvrbs´Edlrab´za sg¡arTaMgBYg
elakoeQμaHza
cab´taMgGMBIkarekItR:kdeLIg
EdleTAtamTwkehIy eTIbsáb´rmáab´ KWdl´nUvkar:t´eTA y¨agqab´
énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü mk rhUtdl´mhaemXRbl&ykb| mþg
rh&sç Gakas xagelI CamYynwgGakas xageRkam k*ggwtsUnü
eT[t enHCaGseg¡yü TI4 elakehAza ²vivdþdðayIkb|³ . bYn
QwgEtmYy dUecñHÉg . BaküTaMgBYg dUcKñanwgBaküEdleBal
Gseg¡yüenH Camhakb|mYy .
ehIy ‘kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’ . bu¨Enþ kñúgGae:sMvdþ;enH elakeZVInUv
²vivdþkb|³
.
karvinas edayePøIg nig kartaMgeLIgzμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’ bNÐit
GaPsSrRBhμelak oCacm|g ekIteLIgR:kd Etmüa¨g . mYy eT[t stVTaMgLay EdlcuticakRBhμelakCan´suPkiNØ; ehIy
Kb|IRCab tamn&yEdleBalmkenH Cacm|g .
‘Gae:sMvdþ;’
eTAekIt kñúgTIepSg> manRBhμelakCan´GaPsSr;CaedIm .
‘253’ cMENkkñúgsm&yNa kb| vinasedayTwk . bNÐit
‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgGae:sMvdþ;’
Kb|IsMEdgoBisþar tamn&yEdleBalehIykñúgkalmunza ²taMg
kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH taMgBImhaemXRbl&ykb| drabdl´
EtGMBIedImmk mhaemXEdljúaMgkb|ovinas taMgeLIgehIy³
TwkRkutRbl&ykb|dac´RsLHeTA enH CaGseg¡yümYy . taMg
dUecñHCaedImnu@HÉg . bu¨EnþesckþIenH CaesckþIEbøkKña . mhaemX
GMBITwkRkutdac´RsLHGs´ drabdl´mhaemX kekIteLIg enHCa
TwkRkut EdlCaGñkRbl&ykb| kñúgGae:sMvdþ;enH taMgeLIg dUc
Gseg¡yü TI2 . taMgGMBImhaemX kekIteLIg drabdl´karekIt
CaRBHGaTitü TI2 kñúgeteCasMvdþ;enaHÉg . mhaemXTwkRkutenaH
eLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü enHCaGseg¡yü TI3 . taMg
CadMbUg kalbgúÁrePø{glÁit> Zøak´cuHmk k*bgúÁrcuH edayRKab´ePø{g
GMBIkarekIteLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü drabdl´mhaemX
ZM edaylMdab´ júaMgEsnekadicRkvaLoeBj . TITaMgLayman
júaMgkb|ovinassaCazμIeT[t enH CaGseg¡yü TI4 . ‘bUkrYm’
RbwzBInigPñMCaedIm EdlTwkRkut Bal´RtUvehIy> k*rlay . Twk
Gseg¡yü 4 enH Camhakb|mYy .
RtUvxül´TaMgLayRTedayCMuvij . Twkcab´yktaMgGMBIEpndI rhUt dl´RBhμelakCan´TutiyCÄanPUmi . TwkenaH júaMgRBhμelakTaMgbI kñúgRBhμelakCan´TutiyCÄanPUmienaH orlayehIy taMgenA cuc cMRBhμelakCan´suPkiNØ; . TwkEdlRbl&ykb|enaH Edldl´ nUvkarrab´za
sg¡ar sUm|IRtwmEttUcqμar manenA drabNaç
k*min
karvinas edayTwk nig kartaMgeLIgzμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’ bNÐit Kb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalmkenHÉg .
‘vaeyasMvdþ;’ kñúgsm&yNa kb| vinas edayxül´ . bNÐitKb|IsMEdg BaküTaMgBYgo:nBisþar tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgkalmunza
visuTÆimK< ERb ²taMgEtGMBIedImmk
441
mhaemXEdljúaMgkb|ovinas
442
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
taMgeLIg
Lay kñúgEsnekadicRkvaLenaH b¨HTg<icCl´KñanwgKñaehIy k*eTA
ehIy³ dUecñHCaedImnu@HÉg . EtesckþIenHCaesckþIEbøkKña . xül´
CalÁitexÞcxÞI vinasGs´eTA . xül´cab´yk taMgGMBIEpndIeLIgeTA
taMgeLIgRBm edIm|IRbl&ykb| kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;enH eRb[bdUcCa
drabdl´RBhμelakCan´ttiyCÄanPUmi . xül´nu@H júaMgRBhμelak
RBHGaTitü TI2 kñúgeteCasMvdþ;enaHÉg . xül´enaH CadMbUg júaMg
bICan´ kñúgttiyCÄanPUmienaH ovinasehIy k*taMgenAcucykRBhμ
ZUlIeRKIm otaMgeLIg bnÞab´mk k*júaMgZUlIlÁitotaMgeLIg júaMg
elakCan´evhböl; . xül´enaH júaMgvtæúEdlrab´zasg¡arTaMgBYg
xSac´lÁit júaMgxSac´eRKIm júaMgvtæúTaMgLaymanRkYs nig zμCaedIm
ovinas y¨agenHehIy k*vinasxøÜnÉgeTApgEdr . Gakas BÆd*
otaMgeLIg dUecñH drabdl´júaMgzμTMhMbu¨npÞHkMBUl nig edImeQIZM
xagelI CamYynwgGakasBÆd*xageRkam k*ggwtsUnüQwgEtmYy .
EdlfitenA kñúgTIeKak otaMgeLIg . vtæúTaMgLayenaH eLIgBIdI
BaküTaMgBYg dUcKñanwgBaküEdleBalehIy ‘kñúgeteCasMvdþ;’ .
eTAkan´Gakas EtminZøak´mkeT[teT . vtúæTaMgenaHrlay:t´exÞc
bu¨Enþ kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;enH elak rab´BIsuPkiNØRBhμelak CaedIm
xÞIGs´ kñúgGakasenaHEtmþg . lMdab´enaH xül´taMgeLIgehIy
eTA k*ekItR:kd . cMENkÉstVTaMgLay cuti cakRBhμelak
BÆd*xageRkaménmhaRbwzBI júaMgEpndIoRtLb´ :s´eCIgeLIgeTA
Can´evhböl;ehIy k*eTAekIt kñúgTITaMgLay manRBhμelak Can´
xagelIehIye:HeTABÆd*Gakas . bMENkmYy> énEpndIRbmaN
suPkiNØ;CaedIm .
100 eyaCn¾ k*man RbmaN 200 eyaCn¾ 300ç 400ç nig
‘ry;kalénGseg¡yükb|kñúgvaeyasMvdþ;’
RbmaN 500 eyaCn¾k*man :nEbkx©ayehIy RtUvkMLaMgxül´
kñúgkb|TaMg 4 enaH taMgBImhaemXjúaMgkb|ovinas drab
bk´eLIg ehIylÁitexÞcxÞIrlay:t´Gs´BÆd*GakasdUcKña . sUm|I
dl´xül´júaMgkb|ovinasdac´RsLHeTA enH CaGseg¡yümYy .
PñMcRkvaL sUm|IPñMsienru k*xül´bk´eLIgeTAelIehIye:HeTA BÆd*
taMgBIdac´RsLH:t´xül´eTA drabdl´mhaemXkekIt ‘ePø{gZMCa
GakasEdr . PñMTaMgBIrenaH b¨HTg<icnUvKñanwgKñaehIy k*lÁitexÞcxÞI
eRK]gsMerc’ enHCaGseg¡yü TI2ç taMgBImhaemXkekIt drab
rlay:t´Gs´ . xül´enaH kaljúaMgviman énPumμdðkeTvtaTaMg
dl´karekIteLIgR:kd
Lay nig vimanGakasdðkeTvtaTaMgLay ovinas edayó:y
TI3ç taMgBIkarekIteLIgR:kd énRBHc&nÞ nig RBHGaTitü drabdl´
dUcKñaenaHÉg eZVInUvkamavcreTvelak 6 Can´ ovinasehIy eTIb
mhaemXjúaMgkb|ovinasmþgeT[t enHCaGseg¡yü TI4 . bYn
júaMgEsnekadicRkvaL ovinas . PñMcRkvaLCamYynwgPñMcRkvaL
Gseg¡yüenH Camhakb|mYy .
PñMhimBanþ CamYynwgPñMhimBanþ
PñMsienru
CamYynwgPñMsienru
TaMg
énRBHc&nÞnigRBHGaTitü
karvinas edayxül´
enHCaGseg¡yü
nig kartaMgeLIgsaCazμI ‘énBuTÆek¡tþ’
visuTÆimK< ERb
443
bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalmkehIyenaHÉg .
‘elakvinasedayGkuslmUlCaehtu’
444
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
minEtmYyxøH . rlwk:n edayRbkardUcemþc/ . rlwk:neday n&yza ²GmuRtasw³ dUecñHCaedIm .
‘254’ sYrza ²elakvinasy¨agenHeRBaHehtuGVI/³. eqøIyza
kñúg:f;enaH Baküza ²GmuRtasw³ esckþIza kñúgsMvdþkb|
²eRBaHGkuslmUlCaehtu³ . EmnBit kalebIGkuslmUl duH
ÉeNaHkþI kñúgPBÉeNaHkþI kñúgkMeNItÉeNaHkþI kñuúgKtiÉeNaHkþI
daleLIgehIyç elak Etgvinas y¨agenH . k*elakenaH kal
kñúgviJ¦aNdðiti ÉeNaHkþI kñúgstþavas ÉeNaHkþI kñúgstþnikay
ebIraK; Rkas´Cag k*vinas edayePøIgç kalebIeTas; Rkas´Cag
ÉeNaHkþI xúM\:nekItehIy . Baküza ²ÉvMnaema³ KW xú\MeQμaHtisS;
vinas edayTwk . bu¨EnþGacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²kalebIeTas;
ß busS; . Baküza ²ÉvMeKaetþa³ KW x\úMCakc©ayneKaRt ß ksSb
Rkas´Cag elak vinasedayePøIgç kalebIraK; Rkas´Cag vinas
eKaRt . BaküTaMgBIrenH RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy eday
edayTwk³ dUecñH . kalebIemah; Rkas´Cag vinasedayxül´ .
GMNacénkarrlwkeXIjnUveQμaH nig eKaRt rbs´xøÜn kñúgPBEdl
k*Éelak kalvinasy¨agenH vinas edayePøIg Gs´ 7 ézá
knøgeTAehIy rbs´Pikú¡enaH . RbsinNaebI Pikú¡CaGñkR:zñaedIm|I
minmancenøaHeLIyç kñúgézá TI8 eTIbvinas edayTwkç vinas eday
rlwkeXIj nUvkardl´RBmedayB(Nsm|úrkþI nUvPav;énxøÜnCaGñk
ePøIg Gs´ 7 ézá kñúgézá TI8 vinas edayTwk mþgeT[t edayn&y
rs´enAezakTab ß ézøzøakþI nUvPaBCaGñkmanesckþIsux ß Tuk¡ d*
enHÉg elak kalvinas kñúgézáCaKRmb´ 8 > y¨agenH vinas
Rkas´ERklkþI nUvPav;énxøÜnCaGñkmanGayuEvg ß GayuxøIkþI rbs´
edayTwk Gs´var; 7 dg vinasedayePøIg Gs´ 7 ézá mþgeT[t .
xøÜn kñúgkalenaH Pikú¡enaH rEmgrlwkeXIj nUvkMeNItTaMgenaH:n
edaykalmanRbmaNbu¨eNÑH 63 kb| :nknøgeTAehIy . kñúg
EmnBit . eRBaHehtuenaH :nCaRBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za
cenøaH 63 kb|enaH xül´EdlTb´ nUvézáEdlnwgvinas edayTwk
²manB(Nsm|úry¨agenH .l. mankMNt´kalénGayuy¨agenH³
sUm|Imkdl´ehIy :nnUvOkasehIy k*kMcat´kMcaynUvsuPkiNØ
dUecñHCaedIm .
RBhμEdlmanGayu 64 kb|eBjbribUr júaMgelakovinas:n .
‘Ek:lIEdlsMEdgGakar;rlwk’
kñuúg:f;TaMgenaH Baküza ²ÉvMveNÑa³ KW CaGñkmansm|úr-s ß mansm|úrexμA . Baküza ²Évmahaera³KW CaGñkman:yénGg,r
k*Pikú¡ Gñkrlwk:n Gs´kb|TaMgLay sUm|IkalrlwkeXIj
RsUvsalIEdlpSMedaysac´ ß manEpøeQIRbRBwtþeTACaePaCn .
nUvbueBVnivas kñúgcMeNamkb|TaMgenaH EtgrlwkeXIj Gs´sMvdþ-
Baküza ²ÉvM suxTuk¡b|disMevTI³ esckþIza CaGñkesaynUvsux
kb| minEtmYyxøH Gs´vivdþkb| minEtmYyxøH Gs´sMvdþvivdþkb|
nigTuk¡EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgkay nig citþ ß manvtæúEdlRbkbeday
visuTÆimK< ERb
445
446
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
Gamis nig minmanGamisCaedImCaRbePT edayGenkb|kar .
esckþIza GatμaGjenaH cüútcakTIenaH KW cakTICaTIcUleTAekIt
Baküza ²Évmayubriyenþa³ KWmankMNt´GayuRbmaN 100 qñaM ß
minmancenøaH ehIy:nekIt kñúgTIenH KWkñuúgRtkUlkSRt ß kñúg
manGayudl´eTA 84ç000 kb| y¨agenH . Baküza ²esa teta
RtkUlRBhμN¾eQμaHÉeNaH .
cueta GmuRt óT:Tw³ esckþIza mYyeT[t GatμaGjenaH cuti
Baküza ²«ti³ KW ÉvM ERbza edayRbkardUceBalmkenH .
cakPB ß cakkMeNIt cakKti cakviJ¦aNdðiti cakstþavas
Baküza ²sakarM sóeTÞsM³ esckþIza nUvbueBVnivas EdleQμaH
cakstþnikayenaH ehIyekIt kñúgPB ß kñúgkMeNIt kñúgKti kñúg
za RbRBwtþeTAmYyGenIøedayóeTÞs edayGMNacnam nig eKaRtç
viJ¦aNdðiti kñúgstþavas kñúgstþnikay eQμaHÉeNaH . Baküza
eQμaHza RbRBwtþeTAmYyGenøIedayGakar; edayGMNacB(Nsm|úr
²tRta:sw³ esckþIza bnÞab´mk sUm|IkñúgPB ß kñúgkMeNIt kñúg
CaedIm . EmnBit edaynamnigeKaRt stV KWelaksMEdgeLIgza
Kti
²tisS; ksSb;³ dUecñHCaedIm . edayRbkarepSg> manB(N
kñúgviJ¦aNdðiti
kñúgstþavas
kñúgstþnikayenaH
GatμaGj
k*:nekItehIy mþgeT[t . Baküza ²ÉvMnaema³ dUecñHCaedIm k* mann&ydUc:neBalmkehIyhñwgÉg .
sm|úrCaedIm stV RtUveKdwg:n edayepSgKñaza ²mnusSRsÉm mnusSs³ dUecñH . eRBaHehtuenaH namnigeKaRt eQμaHzaóeTÞsç
n&ymYyeT[t Baküza ²GmuRtasw³ enH CaBakürlwkeXIj
ehtuTaMgLayepSgBIenH eQμaHzaGakar; . Baküza ²GenkvihitM
tamR:zñarbs´Pikú¡enaH GñkcuHkan´karrlwk tamlMdab´ . Bakü
bueBVnivasM GnusSrti³ enHsuTÆEtCaBakümanesckþIgayyl´eT .
za ²esa teta cueta³ enH CaBaküBicarNa rbs´Pikú¡Edlnwk RtLb´mkvij
eRBaHehtuNaç
eRBaHehtuenaH
Baküza
²GmuRt
óT:sw³ enH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²CaBakü KWRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´ sMedAyk nUvTICaTIekIténPikú¡enaH CalMdab´ énkarekIt kñúgPBenH hñwgÉg Rtas´ehIykñúgbTza ²eTAekItehIy kñúgPBenH³ dUecñH . cMENkBaküza ²tRta:sw³ dUecñH y¨agenHCaedIm KWRBHmanRBH PaK RTg´Rtas´ehIy edIm|IsMEdgnUvkarrlwker]y> nUveQμaH nig eKaRtCaedIm kñúgTICaTIcUleTAekIt minmancenøaH énkarcUleTAekIt enH kñúgPBenaHénPikú¡nu@H . Baküza ²esa teta cueta «Zubbenña³
bueBVnivasanusStiJ¦aNkza cb´ehIy .
v
v v
visuTÆimK< ERb
447
cutUb:tJ¦aNkza
448
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
edayGMNacénZm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBV nig eRBaHCaTIGaRs&ynUv
‘255’ bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþI kñúgkarBN(nanUvjaN kñúg karcüút nig karcUleTAekIt énstVTaMgLay dUcteTAenH .
‘EkGtæ:lIkñúgcutUb:tJ¦aN’
Zm(CaeRK]genAdUcCaTiBV rbs´xøÜnpg . jaNckú¡ eQμaHza CaTiBV eRBaHmanBnøWPøWxøaMg edaykarkMNt´nUvGaelakksiNpg . eQμaH za CaTiBV eRBaHmandMeNIreTAxøaMg edaykareXIjnUvrUb EdltaMg
Baküza ²cutUb:tJ¦aNay³ esckþIza edIm|Idwgkñúgkarcüút
enA kñúgTImanxageRkACJ¢aMgCaedIm:npg . Baküza ²TiBV³ TaMg
nig kñúgkarcUleTAekIt . manGZib|ayza ²karcüút nig karcUl
Gs´enaH bNÐiKb|IRCab tamTMngénKm¬IrsMrab´Eks&BÞÉeNaHcuH .
eTAekIt énstVTaMgLay KWRBHmanRBHPaKRTg´RCab edayjaN
jaNenaHeQμaHza ckú¡ eRBaHGtæza eXIj mYyeT[t eQμaH
ÉNaç edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´jaNenaH KWedIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´TiBVckú¡ jaN³ . Baküza ²citþM GPinIhrti GPinienñaemti³ esckþIza Pikú¡
za ckú¡ eRBaHdUcCaEPñk ehtueZVIkic©énEPñk . jaNckú¡enaH
eQμaHza
sÁatEbøk
eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH
enaH begÁanbrikmμcitþeTA nigbJ¢ÚnbrikmμcitþeTA . Baküza ²esa³
mankarsÁatedayviessKWTidðiCaehtu eRBaHkiriyaeXIjnUvkarcüúti
KWPikú¡GñkmankarbegÁancitþeTA :neZVIehIyenaH . cMENkkñúgBakü
nigkarcUleTAekIt . eRBaHza buK<lNa eXIjRtwmEtcutibu¨eNÑaH
TaMgLaymanBaküza ²TieBVn³ dUecñHCaedIm manGZib|aydUcteTA
mineXIjnUvkarcUleTAekIt buK<lenaH EtgRbkan´ykóecäTTidði .
‘TiBVckú¡’
buK<lNa eXIjnUvRtwmEtkarcUleTAekItbu¨eNÑaH mineXIjnUvcuti
ckú¡ eQμaHza TiBV eRBaHPav;énckú¡enaHdUcCarbs´TiBV . Emn
buK<lenaH EtgRbkan´ykssStTidði eRBaHkarekIteLIgR:kd én
Bit bsaTckú¡ rbs´eTvtaTaMgLay CaZmμCatekItGMBIsucritkmμ
stVzμI . cMENkbuK<lNaeXIjnUvcuti nig karcUleTAekItTaMgBIr
KWeTasTaMgLay manRbmat´ esøsμ nig QamCaedIm minraMgsÞH
enaH buK<lenaH eRBaHehtuEdlrMlgputnUvTidðiTaMgBIry¨agenaH:n
ehIy GacTTYlnUvGarmμN¾ sUm|IkñúgTIqáay:n eRBaHPav;énTiBV
eTIbkareXIjenaH rbs´buK<lenaH CaehtuénTidðivisuTÆi . cMENkÉ
ckú¡enaH rYcRsLHehIycakeRK]gesAhμg eTIbeQμaHzaCaTiBV . k*
Pikú¡BuTÆbuRtTaMgLay EtgeXIjnUvcuti nig ób:tTaMgBIrenHBit .
sUm|IjaNckú¡ EdlekItGMBIkMLaMg énvIriyPavnaenH k*R:kddUc
eRBaHehtuenaH :nCax\úMeBalza ²jaNckú¡enaH eQμaHza sÁat
CabsaTckú¡enaHEdr eRBaHehtuenaH jaNckú¡enaH eTIbeQμaHza
Ebøk eRBaHCaehtuénTidðivisuTÆi eRBaHkareXIjTaMgcutiTaMgób:t³ .
TiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNckú¡enaH R:kdesμIdUcCaTiBV . jaNckú¡
jaNckú¡enaH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²eQμaHza knøgnUvckú¡Carbs´
enaH
mnusS eRBaHeXIjnUvrUbknøgóbcar; rbs´mnusS:n ß eQμaHza
eQμaHza TiBV eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH
KWPikú¡:ncMeBaHehIy
visuTÆimK< ERb
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450
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
knøgnUvckú¡Carbs´mnusS eRBaHPav;énjaNenaH knøgnUvmMsckú¡
Baküza ²TuBVeNѳ KW eQμaHza Rbkbedaysm|úrminCaTIR:zña
EdlCarbs´énmnusS . edayTiBVckú¡ d*brisuTÆsÁat knøgnUvckú¡Ca
minCaTIrIkray nig minCaTIeBjcitþ eRBaHRbkbedaypléneTas;
rbs´mnusSenaH .
GZib|ayza ²manrUbminlÁepSgBIrUbsmrmü³ . Baküza ²suKet³
Baküza ²setþ bsSti³ KW Pikú¡RkeLkemIlnUvstVTaMgLay dUcCaeKemIleXIj
edaymMsckú¡EdlCarbs´mnusS
.
kñúgBIr
bTza ²cvmaen óbbC¢maen³ enaH manGZib|ayza ; kñúgxN; éncutikþI kñuúgxN;énóbbtþikþI GñkNamYyminGacedIm|IeXIj eday TiBVckú¡:neT . cMENkstVTaMgLayNa CaGñkmancutiCit nwg cüút kñúgeBl«LÚvenH eRBaHehtuenaH stVTaMgLayenaH RBHman RBHPaK RTg´sMEdgehIyza ²kMBugcüút³ dUecñHç cMENkÉstVTaMg LayÉNa
Edlcab´bdisnÆiehIy
eRBaHehtuenaH
stVTaMgLayenaH
ekItehIy
Gm|aj´mijenH
RBHd*manRBHPaK
RTg´sMEdg
ehIyza ²kMBugcUleTAekIt³ . RBHmanRBHPaKRTg´sMEdgza ²Pikú¡ enaHeXIj nUvstVTaMgLayenaH EdlkMBugcüút nig kMBugcUleTA ekIt mansPaBEbbenH³ dUecñH . Baküza ²hIen³ esckþIza eQμaHzaRtUveKeb[teb[nehIy KW eb[teb[nRCulehIy lamehIy lamejasehIy edayGMNac énehtuTaMgLay manCatiRtkUl nig ePaK; CaedIm EdleQμaHza
KWdl´ehIynUvKtilÁ ß KWza CaGñksþúksþmÖ CaGñkmanRTBüeRcIn eRBaHRbkbedayplénGelaP; . Baküza ²TuK<et³ KW dl´nUv TuKti ß TIT&lRk KWza man:ynigTwktic eRBaHRbkbedaypl énelaP; . Baküza ²yzakmμúbeK³ KW kmμNa> EdlxøÜnsnSM TukehIy cUldl´ehIy edaykmμenaH> .
‘yzakmμúbKJ¦aN’ ‘256’ kñúgbTTaMgenaH kic©énTiBVckú¡ RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´ Rtas´ehIy
edaybTxagedImTaMgLay
manbTza
²cvmaen³
dUecñHCaedIm . cMENkkic©ényzakmμúbKJ¦aN ‘jaNdwgza stV cUldl´Ktitamkmμrbs´xøÜn’
KWRBHGg<RTg´Rtas´ehIy
edaybT
‘yzakmμúbeK’enH . k*enHCalMdab´énkarekIteLIgénjaNenaH . Pikú¡ kñúgsasnaenH cMerInGaelakksiN omanmuxeq¬aHeTA kan´nrk BÆd*xageRkam rEmgeXIjnUvstVTaMgLay EdlekItkñúg nrk EdlkMBugEtesaynUvesckþITuk¡d*ZMç kareXIjenaH RKan´Et Cakic© énTiBVckú¡bu¨eNÑaHÉg . Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ y¨agenHza
Tabezak eRBaHRbkbedayplénemah; . Baküza ²bNIet³ KW
²stVTaMgLayenH eZVInUvkmμGVIhñ@ :nCaesaynUvesckþITuk¡enH³ .
eQμaHzapÞúyGMBIezakTabenaH eRBaHRbkbedayplénGemah; .
lMdab´enaH jaNEdlmankmμenaHCaGarmμN¾ k*ekIteLIg dl´Pikú¡
Baküza ²suveNѳ KW eQμaHza RbkbehIyedaysm|úrCaTIR:zña CaTIrIkray nig CaTIeBjcitþ
eRBaHRbkbedayplénGeTas; .
enaHza ²stVTaMgenH esaynUvmhaTuk¡enH eRBaHeZVIkmμeQμaHenH³ dUecñH . n&ydUcKñaenaH Pikú¡ cMerInGaelakksiNomanmuxeq¬aHeTA
visuTÆimK< ERb
451
452
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
kan´eTvelak BÆd*xagelI rEmgeXIjnUvstVTaMgLay EdlkMBug
vinas CaGñkriHKn´ GZib|ayza CaGñkeCr CaGñktiHed[l nUvRBH
Etesaysm|tþid*eRcIn kñúgTiBVvimanTaMgLay mannnÞv&n misSkv&n
Griy; KW RBHBuTÆ RBHbec©kBuTÆ nig RBHsav&kTaMgLay eday
nig :ruskv&nCaedImç sUm|IkareXIjenaH k*RKan´EtCakic©énTiBVckú¡
ehaceTAsUm|IRBHesatabnñCaRKhsæTaMgLay edayGnþimvtæú ß
hñwgÉg . Pikú¡enaH eZVITukkñúgcitþ y¨agenHza ²stVTaMgLayenH
edaykarkMcat´KuN . kñúgGakar;TaMg 2 enaH buK<lGñkeBalza
eZVInUvkmμGVIhñ@ eTIbesaynUvsm|tþienH³ . lMdab´enaH jaNEdl
²smNZm( rbs´buK<lTaMgLayenH minmaneTç buK<lTaMgenHmin
mankmμenaHCaGarmμN¾
²stVTaMgenH
EmnCasmN;eT³ dUecñH Kb|IRCabza ²tiHed[l edayGnþimvtæú³ .
esaynUvsm|tþienH eRBaHeZVInUvkmμeQμaHenH³ dUecñH . jaNKWkar
buK<lkaleBal nUvBaküTaMgLaymanBaküza ²QankþI viemak¡kþI
dwgenH eQμaHza yzakmμúbKJ¦aN . eQμaHza brikmμepSg min
mK<kþI plkþI rbs´buK<lTaMgLayenHminmaneT³ dUecñHCaedIm Kb|I
mandl´jaNenHeT . k*brikmμepSg énjaNenH minman y¨ag
RCabza ²eBaltiHed[ledayGMNacénkarkMcat´KuN³ . k*buK<l
Naç sUm|IGnaKtMsJ¦aN k*minman brikmμepSg y¨agenaHEdr .
GñktiHed[lenaH kaldwg eBaltiHed[lkþI kalmindwg k*eBaltiH
eRBaHza
ed[lnUvRBHGriy;kþIç ‘kartiHed[lenH’ CakartiHed[l nUvGriy;
k*ekIteLIg
dl´Pikú¡enaHza
jaNEdlmanTiBVckú¡CaTItaMgTaMgLayhñwgÉg
rEmg
sMerc:n CamYynwgTiBVckú¡enHEmnBit .
edayRbkarTaMgBIrEmnBit . kartiHed[lRBHGriy;enH Cakmμd*Zán´
‘Tuc©rit’
Xat´sYK(pg Xat´mK<pg RbEhlKñanwgGnnþriykmμEdr bu¨EnþCakmμ
kñúgbTTaMgLaymanbTza ²kayTuc©rietn³ dUecñHCaedIm man GZib|ayza ; karRbRBwtþiGaRkk´ ß karRbRBwtþi RtUveTasRbTUsþ ehIy
eRBaHCakarRbRBwtþiEdlsÁúyedaykiels
eRBaHehtuenaH
EdlenAEk:n .
edIm|IbMPøW nUvkmμKWkartiHed[l nUvRBHGriy;enaH
o:nc|as´las´ bNÐitKb|IRCaber]genH dUcteTA .
‘er]gPikú¡kMeLaHtiHed[lRBHGriy;’
eTIbeQμaHza Tuc©rit . karRbRBwtþiGaRkk´edaykay ß karRbRBwtþi
:n»mkza RBHezr;mYyGg< nig Pikú¡kMeLaHmYyGg< Rtac´eTA
GaRkk´ EdlekIteLIgehIy tampøÚvkay ehtuenaH eTIbeQμaHza
biNÐ:Rt kñúgRsukmYy . elakTaMg 2 Gg<enaH :nnUvbbrekþA
kayTuc©rit .
RtwmEtmYye:y kñúgpÞHCadMbUghñwgÉg . ÉcMeBaHRBHezr; xül´
n&y sUm|IkñúgbTTaMgLayeRkAenH k*n&yenHEdr .
bTza ²smnñaKta³ CaGñkRbkbRBmehIy .
‘GriyubvaT’ Baküza ²GriyanM óbvaTka³ esckþIza CaGñkR:zñanUvesckþI
kñuúgeBaH cat´edat . RBHezr;enaH Kitza ²bbrenH CaTIsb|ay dl´GatμaGjç bbrenH minTan´RtCak´ drabNa GatμaGjnwghut nUvbbrenaH drabenaH³ dUecñH . elakKg´hutbbr elIkMNat´eQI
visuTÆimK< ERb
453
EdlbuK<lTaMgLay naMmkehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾ dl´ZrNITVar . Pikú¡kMeLaHeRkAenH
k*xñaj´cMeBaHRBHezr;enaH
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
eTasenaH dl´x\úMRBHkruNapgcuH³ .
²elakta
RbsinNaebI RBHGriy; CaGñkec[secjeTAehIykan´Tis
cas´ eRskXøanxøaMgkøaNas´ eTIb:neZVInUvkmμEdlKYrxμaseG[n
Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeTAedayxøÜnÉg ß bJ¢ÚnshZmμikTaMgLay
dl´GtμaGj³ . RBHezr; Rtac´eTA kñúgRsukehIy k*nimnþeTAvtþ
mansTÆiviharikCaedImeTA ehIyKb|IjúaMgRBHGriy;oGt´eTasoç
eBaleTAkan´Pikú¡kMeLaHza ²mñalGavuesa TIBwg kñúgRBHsasnaenH
Etza RbsinebIPikú¡GñktiHed[l CaGñkminGacedIm|IeTA TaMgminGac
rbs´Gñk manEdrßeT/³ . Pikú¡kMeLaHTUlza ²RBHkruNa RBHKuN
edIm|IbJ¢ÚneTAeTç RtUveTAkan´sMNak´énPikú¡TaMgLay EdlKg´enA
m©as´ x\úMRBHkruNa CaesatþabnñbuK<l³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²mñal
kñuúgvtþenaHç zaebI Pikú¡TaMgenaH CaGñkekμgCagç Kb|IGg<úyRcehagç
Gavuesa ebIdUecñaH GñkkMu:neZVIehIy nUvesckþIBüayam edIm|ImK<
zaebIPikú¡TaMgenaHCaGñkcas´Cagç Kb|IRbtibtþi tamn&yEdlelak
BÆd*xagelIeLIy³ . Pikú¡kMeLaH TUlsYrza ²eRBaHehtuGVI RBHKuN
eBalehIy kñúgvuD¿buK<lnu@HÉg ehIyKb|IeBal suMxmaeTasza
m©as´/³ . RBHezr;eBalza ²RBHxINaRsBKWGñktiHed[lehIy³.
²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´
Pikú¡kMeLaHenaH júaMgRBHezr;enaH oGt´eTasehIy . eRBaHkarsMu
elakd*manGayueQμaHÉeNaH
xmaeTasenaH
nUveTasenaHdl´x\úMpg³ dUecñH . kalebIRBHGriy;minGt´eTaso
kmμenaH
eBalza
454
rbs´Pikú¡kMeLaHenaH
k*:nCakmμtaMgenA
tamRbRktIvijehIy .
kñúgTIcMeBaHmuxeTç
‘viZIxmaeTas’
x\úM:neBalehIy
nUvBaküenHpg>
cMeBaH
sUmelakd*manGayuGg<enaH
Gt´
Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeZVIkarjúaMgPikú¡TaMgenaH o
Gt´eTasenaHoEmnBit .
eRBaHehtuenaH sUm|IbuK<lÉNamYy tiHed[l nUvRBHGriy;ç
RbsinNaebI RBHGriy;enaH CaPikú¡GñkRtac´eTAEtmñak´Égç TI
buK<lGñktiHed[lenaH Kb|IeTAç zaebIelakcas´CagxøÜn Kb|IGg<úy
kEnøgEdlelakKg´enA k*minR:kd TIEdlelakeTA k*minR:kdç
RcehagehIy júaMgRBHGriy;oGt´eTasoza ²x\úM:neBalehIy
Pikú¡GñktiHed[l Kb|IeTAkan´sMNak´ énPikú¡CabNÐitmYyrUb ehIy
nUvBaküenHpg>
Kb|IeBalza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´ x\úM:neBal nUvBaküenHpg>
cMeBaHelakd*manGayuç
sUmelakm©as´Gt´nUv
eTasenaH dl´x\úMpg³ dUecñHehIyç zaebI Pikú¡GñktiHed[lenaHekμg
cMeBaHelak
Cag RtUvzVaybg<MehIyGg<úyRcehag p<gGJ¢lI júaMgRBHGriy;
enaHer]y> EtgmanesckþIsþayeRkay etIx\úMnwgeZVIdUcemþceTA/³ .
oGt´eTasoza ²bBiRtRBHKuNm©as´ x\úMkruNa :neBalehIy
Pikú¡CabNÐitenaH nwgeBalza ²elakm©as´ kMuKiteLIyç RBHezr;
nUvBaküenHpg>
nwgGt´eTasodl´elakm©as´ç sUmelakm©as´eZVIcitþosáb´cuH³ .
cMeBaHRBHKuNm©as´
sUmRBHKuNm©as´
Gt´nUv
d*manGayueQμaHÉeNaHç
kalx\úMrlwkeXIjnUvBakü
visuTÆimK< ERb
455
456
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
ÉPikú¡GñktiHed[lRBHGriy;enaH RtUvEbrmuxeq¬aHeTAkan´TisEdlRBH
GnnþriykmμEmnBit .
Griy;nimnþeTAehIy p<gnUvGJ¢lIehIy Kb|IeBalza ²sUmRBH
Rtas´RBHtRmas´enH za ²mñalsarIbuRt Pikú¡ bribUN(edaysIl
Griy;enaHGt´eTasopg³ .
ehIy bribUN(edaysmaZiehIy bribUN(edaybJ¦aehIy Kb|I
RbsinNaebI
RBHGriy;enaH
CaGñkbriniBVaneTAehIyç
BitEmn sUm|IRBHd*manRBHPaK k*RTg´:n
Pikú¡
sMercGrhtþpl kñúgbc©úb|nñenHÉg y¨agNamijç mñalsarIbuRt
GñktiHed[lenaH Kb|IeTAkan´kEnøgERKEdlelakbriniBVan ßk* eTA
tzaKt eBalnUvehtu ‘énkarminlHbg´nUvvacaCaedIm rbs´buK<l
kan´TIRtwmEtéRBsμsan ehIyKb|IsMuxmaeTas .
enaH’ za manóbemyüRbEhlKñay¨agenaHEdr . buK<lenaHebImin
kalebIPikú¡GñktiHed[leZVI ‘karsMuxmaeTas’ y¨agenHehIyç
lHbg´nUvvacaenaHeT
minlHbg´nUvcitþenaHeT
minlHbg´nUvTidði
kmμenaH min:nXat´sYK( min:nXat´mK<eT KWCakmμtaMgenAtam
enaHeT nwgZøak´eTArgTuk¡ kñúgrnk dUcCaeKnaMykeTATmøak´ y¨ag
RbRktIvijhñwgÉg edayRbkardUecñH .
dUecñaHÉg ‘1’ ³ .
‘micäaTidði’
mYyeT[t eTasdéT eQμaHzamaneTasZMCag
micäaTidði minmaneLIy .
smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK RTg´Rtas´za
‘257’ buK<lGñkmankaryl´eXIjvibrit eQμaHza Gñkman
²mñalPikú¡TaMgLay tzaKtrMBwgemIlmineXIjZm(déT sUm|IEtZ(m
esckþIyl´eXIjxus . buK<lTaMgLayNa CaGñkmankmμman
mYyEdlmaneTasZMy¨agenH dUcmicäaTidðienHeLIy Pikú¡TaMgLay .
EbbepSg> smaTanehIy edayGMNacénkaryl´eXIjxuspg
mñalPikú¡TaMgLay eTasTaMgLay manEtmicaTidðiCaeTaséRkElg
júaMgCnTaMgLayÉeT[t> odl´RBm kñúgkmμTaMgLay mankay
‘2’ ³ dUecñHÉg .
kmμCaedIm
Edlmankaryl´xusCab\sKl´pg
‘G:y TuK<ti vini:t niry;’
buK<lTaMgLay
enaH eQμaHza CaGñkmankmμsmaTan edayGMNacénmicäaTidði .
Baküza ²eRBaHkarEbkZøayénragkay³ KW
eRBaHlHbg´nUv
k*kñúgGriyubvaT nig micäaTidðienH sUm|IkalebIGriyubvaT KW
ó:Tinñk¡nÆ . Baküza ²bnÞab´GMBIesckþIsøab´eTA³ KWkñúgkarkan´yk
elakse®g<aHehIy edays&BÞKWvcITuc©rithñwgÉg nig kalebImicäa
nUvxnÆ EdlekItehIy kñúglMdab´ énó:Tinñk¡nÆenaH . müa¨geT[t
Tidði
Etkar
Baküza ²eRBaHkarEbkZøayénragkay³ KW eRBaHkiriyakat´pþac´nUv
Rtas´nUvbTTaMgBIrenH bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²edIm|IRTg´sMEdgnUvPav;
CIviti®nÞIy¾ . Baküza ²bnÞab´GMBIesckþIsøab´eTA³ KWkñúgxagelI GMBI
énGriyubvaT nig micäaTidðienaH maneTaseRcIn³ . BitEmnehIy
cuticitþeTA .
KWelakse®g<aHehIy
edaymenaTuc©rits&BÞk*edayç
GriyubvaT eQμaHza maneTaseRcIn eRBaHCaeTasRbEhlKñanwg
1- suÇ mÇ KaKTI 20 TMB&rTI 271 . 2- GMÇ ÉkÇ PaKTI 40 TMB&r 76 .
visuTÆimK< ERb
457
Baküza ²G:y³ y¨agenHdUecñHCaedIm TaMgGs´CaBaküpøas´
EmnBit niry; eQμaHzaG:y eRBaHR:sehIy cakesckþI cMerIn EdlsnμtehIyza buNüEdlCaehtuénsY(K nig niBVan ß
TuK<tipg eRBaHR:scaksuKti nig eRBaHCadMeNIrénesckþITuk¡ .
niry; eQμaHza CaTuK<ti eRBaHCadMeNIr KWCaTIGaRs&y én esckþITuk¡ . müa¨geT[t eQμaHza TuK<ti eRBaHCadMeNIr EdlekIt GaRkk´
vinas dUcCaGsur eLIy . RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgnUvGsurkay edayvini:ts&BÞ . EmnBit GsurkayenaH eQμaHza G:ypg eQμaHza TuK<tipg
za eRBaHminmanesckþIcMerIn énesckþIsuxTaMgLay .
edaykmμEdleQμaHza
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
EtmineQμaHza vini:t eRBaHeRbtvis&yenaHmin:nZøak´eTA y¨ag
bþÚrnwgBaküza nrk hñwgÉg .
ehIy
458
eRBaHPav;énkmμenaHeRcIn
EmnBit edayesckþIdUcEdlelakeBalehIy nig elakehAza vini:t eRBaHGsurkayenaH Zøak´R:scakesckþIcMerInsBVRKb´ . RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgnUvniry; maneRcInRbkar man GvicICaedImhñwgÉg edaynirys&BÞ .
edayeTas; . niry; eQμaHza vini:t eRBaHCaTIZøak´cuHeTA edayminman GMNacénbuK<lGñkeZVInUvesckþIGaRkk´TaMgLay . müa¨gvijeT[t
bTza ²óbbnña³ KW cUldl´ehIy GZib|ayza ²ekItcMeBaH ehIy kñúgG:yCaedImenaH³ .
‘suKti’
eQμaHza vini:t eRBaHCaTIZøak´cuHeTA y¨agvinas KWmanGvyv;tUc ZM EbkZøay ‘énbuK<lGñkeZVIGaRkk´TaMgLay’ dUecñHk*:n . Gay; ‘esckþIcMerIn’ EdlsMKal´ehIyzaesckþIeRtkGr min mankñúgTIenaH eRBaHehtuenaH TIenaH eTIbeQμaHza niry; .
cMENkxaglÁ
bNÐitKb|IRCab
edaybriyaypÞúy
Edl
elakeBalehIyhñwgÉg . EtesckþIEbøkKña dUcteTAenH . kñúgBaküza suKti CaedImenaH ÉdMeNIreTAkan´mnusS elak
n&ymYyeT[t RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgnUvkMeNIt énstV
se®g<aH edaysuKtis&BÞ . elakse®g<aH dMeNIreTAkan´eTvelak
tircäan edayG:ys&BÞ . EmnBit kMeNIt énstVtircäanTaMg
hñwgÉg edaysK<s&BÞ . esckþIénBaküenHza ²kñúgBaküzasuKti
Lay eQμaHzaG:y eRBaHR:scaksuKtiç EtmineQμaHza TuK<ti
enaH eQμaHza suKti eRBaHCadMeNIrlÁ . eQμaHza sYK( eRBaH
eRBaHCaTIekItRBménstVtircäanTaMgLay Edlmans&kiþZMmanesþc
RbesIredayRbéB edayGarmμN¾TaMgLaymanrUbCaedIm . TaMg
naKCaedIm .
Gs´enaHÉg eQμaHza elak eRBaHGtæza RTuDeRTameTA³ dUecñH .
RBHmanRBHPaK RTg´sMEdgnUveRbtvis&y edayTuK<tis&BÞ . EmnBit eRbtvis&yenaH eQμaHza G:ypgEmnBit
eQμaHza
BakümanBaküza niKmvcn;TaMgGs´ .
²«ti TieBVn ckú¡na³ dUecñHCaedIm KWCa esckþIEdleBalmkenH CaesckþIseg¡b
visuTÆimK< ERb
459
460
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
kñúg:lIenHza ²Pikú¡eXIj edayckú¡dUcCaTiBV³ edayRbkardUecñH .
:t´eTAehIy sUm|IvtæúEdldl´nUvrUb k*minR:kd . kalebIdUecñaH
‘cab´epþImeZVITiBVckú¡’
RBHeyaKIenH Kb|IcUlnUvQanCaTItaMgenaHÉg ecjGMBIQanenaH
‘258’ cMENkÉkulbuRtCaGaTikmμik; GñkR:zñaedIm|IeXIj
ehIy Kb|IpSayBnøW o:ner]y> cuH . kalebIeZVIy¨agenH BnøW
y¨agenH Kb|IeZVInUvQan manGPiJ¦aCaTItaMg EdlmanksiNCa
k*rEmgdl´nUvPaBrwgmaM edaylMdab´ . RBHeyaKIenaH GZidðanza
GarmμN¾oKYrdl´karnaMcitþeTAedayGakarTaMgBYgehIy eZVIksiN
²BnøWcUrmankñúgTIenH³ dUecñHehIy kMNt´Gs´TIRtwmNaç BnøW k*fit
NamYy kñúgcMeNamksiNTaMgLay 3 enH KW eteCaksiN
enA kñúgTIRtwmenaHÉg . kareXIjrUb rEmgman dl´RBHeyaKIGñk
OTatk,siN Gaelak,siN oCaksiNCit . kulbuRtenaHKb|I
Gg<úyemIlGs´mYyézák*:n . k*bursGñkedIreTAkan´pøÚv kñúgeBl
cMerInóbc©arCÄan eZVIoCaGarmμN¾ehIy tm,l´Tuk . GZib|ayza
yb´ edayKb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμA Caóbma kñúgBaküEdleBalenH .
²Gb|na KWRBHeyaKI minKYroekIteLIg kñúgGarmμN¾Edl:ncMerIn
:n»mkza bursmñak´eTAkan´pøÚv kñúgevlayb´ edayKb´ePøIg
ehIyenaHeT³ . eRBaHza RbsinebIRBHeyaKI júaMgGb|naoekIt
eZVIGMBIesμA . Kb´ePøIgeZVIGMBIesμAenaH rbs´bursenaH rlt´ehIy .
eLIg . GarmμN¾enaH k*CaTIGaRs&yénQanEdlCaeRK]gRT min
RKaenaH TIrabesμI nig minrabesμI minR:kdehIydl´bursenaH .
EmnCaTIGaRs&yénbrikmμeT .
bursenaH ek[rnUvKb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμAenaH elIEpndI júaMgKb´ePøIgo
k*kñuúgksiNTaMg 3 enH Gaelak,siN Etmüa¨g RbesIrbMput
eqHehIymþgeT[t . k*Kb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμAenaH luHeqHehIy :neZVI
Cag eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI Kb|IjúaMgGaelak,siNenaH ßjúaMg
ehIynUvBnøWd*viessCagBnøWEdlmanmkBImun . kalebIbursenaH
bNþaksiNTaMgLayeRkABIenH ksiNNamYy oekIeLIg tam
eZVIKb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμA Edlrlt´ehIy> oeqHeLIgvijer]y> y¨ag
n&yEdlelakeBalehIy kñúgksiNnieTÞsehIy otaMgenA kñúg
enHç RBHGaTitü k*rHeLIgehIy tamlMdab´ . kalebIRBHGaTitü
óbc©arPUmienHÉg
rHeLIgehIyç kareRbIKb´ePøIg k*minman dUecñaH bursenaH k*ecal
ehIyKb|IcMerIncuH
.
sUm|In&y
kñúgkarcMerIn
GarmμN¾enaH k*bNÐiKb|IRCab tamn&yEdl:neBalehIy kñúg
kñúgBaküóbmaTaMgLayenaH BnøWénksiN kñúgkalCaTIeZVInUv
ksiNnieTÞsenaHdUcKñaEdr . RBHeyaKI
Kb|IeXIjrUbEdlman
nUvKb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμAenaH :neTAehIy Gs´mYyézák*:n .
xagkñúgénTIEdlxøÜncMerIn
brikmμ eRb[bdUcCaBnøWénKb´ePøIg .
karEdlÇÇÇkalebIBnøW rlt´
ehIy> Etmüa¨g . k*kalRBHeyaKIenaH eXIjnUvrUbç var;énbrikmμ
ehIy eRBaHehtuEdlÇÇÇ kalRBHeyaKIemIlnUvrUb knøgnUvvar;én
EtgRbRBwtþeTA . bnÞab´BIenaHmk BnøW k*:t´eTA . kalebIBnøWenaH
brikmμ k*mineXIjrUbTaMgLay eRb[bdUcCa kalebIKb´ePøIg rlt´
visuTÆimK< ERb
461
462
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
ehIy mineXIj nUvTIrabesμI nig minrabesμI y¨agdUecñaHÉg . kar
eRBaHehtuza buzuC¢nenaH GZidðanza ²BnøWcUrman³ dUecñH kñúgTINa>ç
cUleTAer]y> hak´bIdUcCakarjc´nUvKb´ePøIg . kalebIRBHeyaKI
TIenaH> CaTImanBnøWEtmYy TMluHnUvEpndI smuRT nig PñMk*:nç kñúg
eZVInUvbrikmμ mþgeT[t karpSaynUvBnøWd*mankMLaMgedayviesseTA
RKaenaH kalebIbuzuC¢nenaH eXIjnUvrUbénGmnusS manykS nig
hak´bIdUcCakarEdlKb´ePøIgeZVInUvBnøWd*ZMedayviess CagBnøWEdl
GarkSTwkCaedImEdlKYroP&yxøac kñúgTIenaH P&y rEmgekIteLIgç
manmkkñúgkalmun . karEdlBnøWd*mankMLaMgrwgmaM fitenA tam
EdlCaehtuobuzuC¢nenaH
TIEdl:nkMNt´Tuk hak´bIdUcCakarEdlRBHGaTitürHeLIg . kar
eRBaHQank*za:n eRBaHehtuenaH RBHeyaKI minKYrRbmaT kñúgkar
EdlRBHeyaKI lHbg´ecalnUvBnøWd*tictYc ehIyemIlnUvrUb Gs´
eXIjrUbeLIy .
eBjmYyézá
edayBnøWEdlmankMLaMgrwgmaM
hak´bIdUcCakarEdl
burs e:HnUvKb´ePøIgeZVIBIesμAecalehIy edIreTA:n rhUteBj
dl´nUvkarrevIrvaycitþ
CaGñkq,ÜtvegVg
‘lMdab´énkarekIteLIgénTiBVckú¡’ kñúgxN;EdlTiBVckú¡ekItenaH enHKWCalMdab´ énkarekIteLIg énTiBVckú¡ . kalebImenaTVaravCncitþ eZVInUvrUbmanRbkardUceBal
mYyézá y¨agdUecñaH .
‘kalebITiBVckú¡ekIteLIg’
mkehIyenH oCaGarmμN¾ ekIteLIgehIy rlt´eTAvijç Cv&nTaMg
kñúgkareXIjnUvrUbenaH rUbenH KW rUbEdlenAxagkñúgeBaH rUb
Lay bYn ß R:M eZVInUvrUbenaHÉg oCaGarmμN¾ehIy ekIteLIg
EdlGaRs&yenA kñúghTyvtúæ rUbEdlGaRs&yenA kñúgépÞénEpndI
eRBaHehtuenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabBaküTaMgBYg tamn&yEdlmanmk
BÆd*xageRkam rUbEdlenAxageRkACJ¢aMg xageRkAPñM nig xageRkA
kúñgkalmuncuH . sUm|IkñúgjaNenH kamavcrcitþTaMgLay Edl
kMEBg rUbEdltaMgenA kñúgcRkvaLdéT Edlminmkkan´rgVg´ én
Rbkbedayvitk,; nig vicar; CabuBVPaKcitþ ‘citþCacMENkxagedIm
mMsckú¡ rbs´Pikú¡enaH Etgmkkan´rgVg´énjaNckú¡ ‘rbs´Pikú¡enaH’
énjaNenH’ rU:vcrcitþ EdlRbRBwtþeTAkñúgctutæCÄan CacitþjúaMg
CarUbhak´bIdUcCaR:kddl´mMsckú¡
RbeyaCn¾KWjaNenHosMerc kñúgTIbMputç jaN EdlekItRBm
kñúgkalNa
kñúgkalenaH
CamYynwgkamavcrcitþenaHÉg
bNþacitþEdlR:rBÆrUbenH TiBVckú¡bu¨eNÑaH GackñúgkareXIjrUb citþ
J¦aN³ dUecñHxøH za ²TiBVckú¡J¦aN³ dUecñHxøH .
CacMENkxagedImTaMgLay KμansmtæPaBkñúgkareXIjrUbeT .
‘TiBVckú¡CaGnþraydl´buzuC¢n’ k*TiBVckú¡nu@HÉgCaesckþIGnþraydl´buzuC¢n . eRBaHehtuGVI/ .
elakehAza
²stþanM cutUb:t-
bNÐitKb|IRCabza ²TiBVckú¡ Cackú¡ekIteLIgehIy³ dUecñH . k*kñúg
ctUb:tJ¦aNkza cb´ehIy .
‘bkiNÑkkza’ k*RBHBuTÆCaTIBwg RBHGg<RTg´RCabnUvxnÆ 5 RTg´:n
visuTÆimK< ERb
463
Rtas´ehIy nUvGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 ÉNa edayRbkar dUceBalmkenHç bNÐit:nRCab nUvGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaHehIy Kb|IRCabbkiNÑkkzaenH kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMg
464
TaMg 7 edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GnaKtarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾ . sYrza ;
5 enaH EzmeT[tpg .
manbriPNÐJ¦aN‘jaNCabrivar’ dl´eTA 2 KW GnaKtMsJ¦aN 1 yzakmμúbKJ¦aN 1 . eRBaHehtuenaH GPiJ¦ajaNTaMgLay 7 mkehIy kñúgTIenH KW briPNÐJ¦aNTaMgLay 2 enHpg nig kñúgkal«LÚvenH
bNÐiKb|IsMEdg nUvkarRbRBwtþieTA énGPiJ¦ajaN TaMgLay 7 kñúgGarmμNtþik;TaMgLay 4 Edl RBHBuTÆ RTg´EsVgrknUvKuNd*ZM RTg´Rtas´TukehIy edIm|IkMuovegVgRcLM
«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/ .
eqøIyza;
k*«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaHCabritþarmμN¾ eRBaHmanrUbkayCaGarmμN¾
k*kñúgGPiJ¦aTaMg 5 enaH TiBVckú¡ eBalKWcutUb:tJ¦aNenaH
GPiJ¦ajaN 5 man«TiÆviZCaedImpg .
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
kñúgkarEvkEjknUvGarmμN¾
énGarmμNtþik;
TaMgLayenaH . enHKWCakarsMEdg kñúgGarmμNtþik;enaH . ‘259’ k*RbmaNbIénGarmμN¾TaMgLay 4 KWRBHmehsIRTg´ Rtas´ehIyç GarmμNtþik; TaMg 4 KWGVIxøH . KW britþarmμNtþik; ‘KW RbmaN 3 énbritþarmμN¾’ 1ç mK<armμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 én mK<armμN¾’ 1ç GtItarmμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 énGtItarmμN¾’ 1ç GCÄtþarmμNtþik; ‘RbmaN 3 énGCÄtþarmμN¾’ 1 .
‘ «TÆiviZJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 7 ’ kñúgGPiJ¦ajaNTaMgenaH «TÆiviZJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾
edayeZVIesckþIGZib|ayza ²kñúgeBlNa RBHeyaKI
eZVInUvkay
oGaRs&ynUvcitþ ehIyR:zñaedIm|IeTA edaykayEdlminR:kd eTIbbegÁannUvkayeTAedayGMNacéncitþ elIkeLIgnUvrUbkay kñúg mhK<tcitþ júaMgrUbkayoekIteLIg kñúgmhK<tcitþç kñúgeBlenaH rUbkay CaGarmμN¾Edl:nehIyedaykarcUleTARbkb³ dUecñHç «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CamhK<tarmμN¾ k*eRBaHmanmhK<citþ Ca GarmμN¾ eRBaHeZVIesckþIGZib|ayza ²kñúgeBlNa RBHeyaKI eZVI nUvcitþoGaRs&ynUvkay R:zñaedIm|IeTA edaykayEdlR:kd k* begÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay eTIbelIkeLIgnUvcitþEdlman QanCaTItaMg kñúgrUbkay júaMgcitþEdlmanQanCaTItaMg oekIt eLIg
kñúgrUbkayç
kñúgeBlenaH
citþEdlmanQanCaTItaMg
Ca
GarmμN¾ Edl:nehIy edaykarcUleTARbkb³ dUecñHç mYyeT[t «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾ k*eRBaHeZVInUvcitþ nu@HÉg EdlknøgeTAehIy KWEdlrlt´eTAehIy oCaGarmμN¾ç «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGnaKtarmμN¾ sMrab´RBHeyaKITaMgLay GñkGZidðan ‘b\TÆi’ CaGnaKt dUcCa«TÆiviZJ¦aN rbs´RBHezr;TaMg LaymanRBHmhaksSbetærCaedIm kñúgkalbJ©úHRBHmhaZatu . :n»mkza RBHmhaksSetærkaleZVInUvkarbJ©úHRBHmhaZatu :n
visuTÆimK< ERb
465
466
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
GZidðanehIyza ²køinTaMgLayenH cUrkMusabrlabeLIy p,aTaMg
BhiTÆarmμN¾ . sYrza ; RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza
LayenH kMusVitRseBaneLIy RbTIbTaMgLayenH kMurlt´eLIy
k*TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNenaH eRBaHehtuEdleZVIsMeLg oCaGarmμN¾
Gs´ 218 qñaM kñúgGnaKtkal³ dUecñH . eRK]gRkGUbp,anigRbTIb
nig sMeLgCabritþZm( ‘Cakamavcr’ ehtuenaH eTIbCabritþarmμN¾ç
TaMgGs´enaH :nmanehIy dUcEdlelakGZidðanenaHÉg .
bu¨EnþeRBaHeZVIsMeLgEdlmanenaHÉg
oCaGarmμN¾
ehIyRbRBwtþ
RBHGsSKutþetær eXIjnUvPikú¡sg¹kMBugqan´nUv:yeRk[m kñúg
eTA eTIbCabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ç kñúgeBlEdlsþab´sMeLgkñúgeBaHrbs´
vtþniyesnasn; k*:nGZidðanza ²RtBaMgTwk cUreTACaTwkedaHCUr
xøÜn TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNenaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ç kñúgeBlEdlsþab´
kñúgeBlmunP&tþ ral´> ézá³ dUecñH . TwkEdlelakdgehIy kñúg
sMeLg énCnTaMgLaydéTeT[t CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ dUecñHÉg .
eBlmunP&tþ
ekIteTACaTwkedaHCUrç
kñúgeBleRkayP&tþ
vak*eTACa
karEdlTiBVesatZatuJ¦aN
RbRBwtþeTA
kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg
Lay 4 bNÐitKb|IRCab tamn&yenHÉg edayRbkardUecñH .
TwktamRbRktIhñwgÉg . bu¨Enþ «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH Cabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIeZVInUv kay oGaRs&ynUvcitþehIy eTAedaykayEdlminR:kd .
‘ ecetabriyJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’ ‘260’ ecetabriyJ¦aN rEmgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg
«TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ eRBaHeZVInUvkaynigcitþrbs´
Lay 8 edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNa-
xøÜnoCaGarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdlbegÁancitþeTA edayGMNacénkay
rmμN¾ mK<armμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GnaKtarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ nig
ß begÁankayeTA edayGMNacéncitþ nig kñúgeBlEdldMENg
BhiTÆarmμN¾ . sYrza ; RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/ . eqøIyza ; k*
xøÜneTACaePTepSg> manePTkumarCaedIm .
ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CabritþarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdldwgnUvcitþEdl
bu¨Enþ «TÆiviZJ¦aNenaH CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdlsMEdg nUvrUbepSg> mandMrI nig esHCaedImCaxageRkA dUecñHÉg . bNÐitKb|IRCabkarRbRBwtþieTA
én«TÆiviZJ¦aN
kñúgGarmμN¾
TaMgLay 7 dUceBalmkenHÉg CadMbUg .
‘ TiBVesatZatuJ¦aNRbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 4 ’
Cakamavcr
énBYkCndéT
CamhK<tarmμN¾
kñúgeBlEdldwgnUv
citþEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr ‘énBYkCndéT’ CaGb|maNarmμN¾ kñúgeBlEdldwgnUvmK< nig pl ‘énBYkCndéT’ . k*kñúgGb|maNarmμN¾enH bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIEbøkKña dUc teTAenH KW ; ²buzuC¢n mindwgnUvcitþ énRBHesatabnñbuK<lç RBH
TiBVesatZatuJ¦aN EtgRbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 4
esatbnñbuK<lesat k*mindwgnUvcitþ énRBHskTaKamIÇÇÇÇ bNÐit
edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ ehIynig
Kb|InaMykBaküdUceBalmkenH ‘Ezm’ rhUtdl´RBHGrhnþ . Et
visuTÆimK< ERb RBHGrhnþ eTIbdwgnUvcitþ énRBHGriy;TaMgBYg .
467
ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH kñúgeBlEdlmanmK<citþ CaGarmμN¾ CamK<armμN¾ . cMENkRBHeyaKI dwgnUvcitþénBYkCndéT:n kñúg eBlxagkñúgénézá 7 EdlknøgeTAehIykþI kñúgeBlxagkñúgénézá 7 kñúgeBlNaç
kñúgeBlenaH
ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾pg CaGnaKtarmμN¾pg .
‘ bc©úb|nñcitþ 3 ’ sYrza ²ecetabriyJ¦ajaNenaH Cabc©úb|nñarmμN¾ etIy¨ag dUcemþc / ³ .
eqøIyza ²eQμaHza bcú©b|nñ ‘citþ’ man 3 KW ;
xNb|c©úb|nñ 1 snþtib|c©úb|nñ 1
GTÆabc©úb|nñ 1 .
GPiJ¦anieTÞs mYyeT[t RBHeyaKI QrkñúgTIqáay sUm|IeXIjnUvkarkMerIkéd
sUm|IRBHGriy;
Can´x¬s´déTeT[t rEmgdwgnUvcitþénRBHGriy;Can´Tab³ dUecñHÉg .
EdlminTan´:nmkdl´ehIykþI
468
énCagRClk´ nig nUvvikar;énkardMnUvvtæúmans<rdac´CaedIm k*min Tan´»nUvsMeLgenAeLIyeTç sinç
luHEtdrabNa
sþab´nUvsMeLgenaH
sUm|IcenøaHenaH k*Kb|IRCabsnþtivar; mYyBIr . RBHmCÄimPaNkacarüTaMgLayeBaly¨agenHmun . cMENk
RBHsMyutþPaNkacarüTaMgLay eBalnUvsnþti 2 KW rUbsnþti 1 GrUbsnþti 1 ehIyeBalza ²kalbuK<ledIrCan´Twkç luHEtdrab Na KMnUsénTwkEdlCan´ehIy Ek|reqñr minTan´zøaç enHeQμaHza rUbsnþiti ‘1’ç kalebIbuK<lmkGMBIpøÚvqáayç luHEtdrabNa PaB ekþAsúÁH kúñgkay minTan´rmáab´ç enHeQμaHza rUbsnþti ‘1’ç kal buK<lmkGMBIkMedAézá ehIycUleTAkan´bnÞb´ç luHEtdrabNa PaB
kñúgbc©úb|nñ‘citþ’ TaMg 3 enaH ‘citþ’ Edldl´nUvkarekIteLIg
énggwtminTan´eTAR:sç enHeQμaHza rUbsnþti ‘1’ç kalPikú¡eZVI
kartaMgenA nig karEbkZøay eQμaHza xNb|c©úb|nñ . citþEdl
TukkñúgcitþnUvkmμdðan xagkñúgbnÞb´ ehIyebIkbgÚÁcRkeLkemIl kñúg
rab´bJ©Úlkñúgvar;éntMNcitþmYynigBIr eQμaHza snþtib|c©úb|nñ .
eBlézáç luHEtdrabNa PaBRBilénEPñkminTan´rmáab´ç enHeQμaH
‘snþtib|c©úb|nñ’
za rUbsnþti ‘1’ drabenaHç var;énCv&n 2-3 eQμaHzaGrUbsnþti³
bNÐitKb|IRCabGZib|ay kñúgsnþtib|c©úb|nñenaH dUcteTAenH GarmμN¾ rEmgminR:kd dl´buK<lEdlGg<úy kñúgTIggwt ehIy eTAkan´TIEdlmanBnøWPøameT luHEtdrabNa GarmμN¾enaH R:kd sinç
kñúgcenøaHenaH bNÐitKb|IRCabvar; éntMNmYyBIr .
dUecñHehIy eBalza ²snþtiTaMgBIrenaH eQμaHzasnþtib|c©úb|nñ³ .
‘GTÆabcú©b|nñ’ ZmμCatEdlkMNt´RtwmEtPBmYy
eQμaHza
GTÆabc©b|nñ
EdlRBHmhakc©ayn; sMedAyk eBalehIy kñúgPeTÞkrtþsURt
rUb EtgminR:kd sUm|Idl´buK<lEdlRtac´eTA kñúgTImanBnøW
za ²mñalGavuesa citÉNapg ZmμarmμN¾TaMgLayNapgç citþ
ehIy cUleTAbnÞb´tUc edayqab´PøameTç luHEtdrabNa rUbenaH
nigZmμarmμN¾TaMgBIrenaHÉg Cabc©úb|nñç viJ¦aN CaZmμCatCab´cM
R:kdsinç bNÐitKb|IRCabvar; énsnþtimYyBIr kñúgcenøaHenaH .
Bak´nwgqnÞraK kñúgcitþnigZmμarmμN¾Cabc©úb|nñenaHÉgç
buK<lrEmg
visuTÆimK< ERb
469
eRtkGrcMeBaHcitþ nig ZmμarmμN¾ Cabcú©b|nñenaH eRBaHviJ¦aNCab´
470
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
nig Cvncitþ dl´nUvPaBmanGarmμN¾epSg> kñúgTICaTIminR:zña³ .
cMBak´nwgqnÞraKç buK<l kaleRtkGrcMeBaHcitþ nig ZmμarmμN¾ Ca
cMENksnþtib|cú©b|nñ nig GTÆabc©úb|nñ bNiÐt Kb|IRCabza
bc©úb|nñenaH eQμaHza resmrsam kñúgBYkZm(TaMgLay EdlCa
²CaGarmμN¾ ‘énecetabriyJ¦aN’³ dUecñH . kñúgGdðkzasMyutþ
bc©úb|nñ ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
elakeBalehIyza ²kñúgbc©úb|nñTaMgBIrenaH citþNa énbuK<ldéT
k*kñúgbc©úb|nñTaMgBIrenaH snþtib|c©úb|nñ mkehIy kñúgGdðkza
kñúgkalRbmaN 2-3 CvnvizI edayGMNacénGtIt ß GnaKt GMBICvnvizIEdlkMBugEtRbRBwtþeTAç citþ énbuK<ldéT TaMgGs´enaH
TaMgLayç GTÆabc©úb|nñ mkehIy kñúgRBHsURt . kñuúgbc©úb|nñcitþTaMg 3 enaH GacarüBYkxøH eBalza ²citþ Ca
eQμaHza snþtib|c©úb|nñç cMENk GTÆabc©úb|nñ bNÐitKb|IsMEdg
xNb|c©úb|nñ cat´CaGarmμN¾ énecetabriyJ¦aN:n³ . sYrza
edayGMNacénCvnvar;³ dUecñH . BaküénRBHGdðkzacarüTaMgenaH
²eRBaHehtuGVI/³ . eqøIyza ²eRBaHza citþ rbs´buK<lGñkmanb\TÆi
KWelakeBalehIyedayRbéB . enHCakarsMEdg kñúgGTÆabc©úb|nñ
nigbuK<ldéT rEmgekIteLIg kñúgxN;EtmYy:n³ . cMENkÉ
enaH dUcteTA ;
BaküenH CaBaküóbma éncitþTaMgLayenaHza ²kalebI:c´p,a KW
Pikú¡Gñkmanb\TÆi R:zñaedIm|IdwgcitþénbuK<ldéT eTIbnwkrMBwg .
buK<le:HeTAehIyBÆd*Gakasç p,amYyTg rEmgCab´Tg edayTg
GavC¢n;‘citþenaH’ eZVIxNb|c©úb|nñ oCaGarmμN¾ehIy eTIbrlt´
énp,amYy
EdlmhaCn
eTA CamYynwgGarmμN¾enaHÉg . bnÞab´BIenaHmk Cv&nTaMgLay 4
nwkKitehIy edayGMNacCaRkumza ²GatμaGj nwgdwgnUvcitþ én
ß 5 EdlcugeRkay Ca«TÆicitþç Cv&nTaMgLay d*essenaH Ca
buK<ldéT³ dUecñHç citþ énbuK<lmñak´ rEmgcak´ZøúHcMeBaH edaycitþ
kamavcrç citþ Edlrlt´eTAehIyenaHÉg CaGarmμN¾ éncitþTaMg
mYy ‘énbuK<lNamñak´’ kñúgób|aTk¡N; ß fitik¡N; ß Pg<k¡N;
BYgTaMgLayenaH nig citþTaMgLayenaH minEmnCacitþmanGarmμN¾
edayBitR:kd k*y¨agdUecñaHÉg³ .
epSg> eT eRBaHPav;éncitþTaMgenaH manbc©úb|nñCaGarmμN¾ eday
edayBit
y¨agNamijç
kalebIcitþ
bu¨EnþBaküénekciGacarüTaMgenaH RtUv:neKbdiesZehIy kñúg
GMNacénkal
.
mYyeT[t
sUm|IkalebImanPav;éncitþ
man
GdðkzaTaMgLayza ²BaküenaH minKYr³ eRBaHbuK<lsUm|InwkrMBwg
GarmμN¾EtmYy «TiÆcitþhñwgÉg EtgdwgnUvcitþ rbs´buK<ldéT:nç
Gs´ 100 dgkþI 1ç000 dgkþI citþCaeRK]gKitrMBwg nig citþ Ca
citþTaMgLayeRkAGMBIenH dwgmin:neT eRb[bdUcCackú¡viJ¦aN kñúg
eRK]gdwgTaMgBIrenaH minmanTICamYyKña nigeRBaHeTasKWGavC¢ncitþ
ckú¡TVarbu¨eNÑaH EtgeXIjnUvrUbç viJ¦aNeRkAGMBIenH mineXIjeT
1- suÇ mÇ óÇ
PaKTI 28 TMB&rTI 35 .
y¨agenaHÉg .
visuTÆimK< ERb ecetabriyJ¦aNenH
manGarmμN¾Cabc©úb|nñ
471 edayGMNac
énsnþtic|c©úb|nñ nig GTÆabc©úb|nñ edayRbkardUecñHÉg . müa¨geT[t sUm|Isnþtib|c©úb|nñ k*RbRBwtþeTA kñúgGTÆabc©úb|nñ
472
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
sUm|IecetabriyJ¦¦aN nig yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNTaMgLay cat´Ca GtItarmμN¾ k*BitEmnehIy bu¨EnþebITukCadUecñaH bNþajaNTaMg BIrenaH ecetabriyJ¦aN
mancitþCaGtIt BÆd*xagkñúg énézá 7 Ca
pgEdr eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH snþtib|c©úb|nñenaH bNÐit
GarmμN¾ . eRBaHza ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mindwgnUvxnÆdéT ß nUv
Kb|IRCabza bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ edayGMNacénGTÆabc©úb|nñenaHÉg .
vtúæEdlCab´edayxnÆdéTeTç Etedaybriyay elakeBalehIy
ÉecetabriyJ¦aNenaH eQμaHza BhiTÆarmμN¾ k*eRBaHman citþénbuK<ldéTCaGarmμN¾EmnBit edayRbkardUecñHÉg . karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8 énecetabriyJ¦aN bNÐitKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:nBN(namkehIyenHÉg .
‘ bueBVnivasJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’
za ²mK<armμN¾³ eRBaHmancitþEdlsm|yutþedaymK<CaGarmμN¾ . ÉyzakmμÚbKJ¦aN k*manRtwmEtectna EdlCaGtItbu¨eNÑaH Ca GarmμN¾ . bu¨EnþxnÆTaMgLay nig vtúæGVImYy EdlCab´Tak´Tgeday xnÆEdlCaGtIt eQμaHza minEmnCaGarmμN¾ énbueBVnivasJ¦aN minmaneT . eRBaHza bueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH CajaNmandMeNIr
‘261’ bueBVnivasJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8
esμIedaysBVJ¦útJ¦aN kñúgZm(TaMgLay KW xnÆ nig vtúæEdlCab´
edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNarmμN¾ mK<a-
Tak´TgedayxnÆ EdlCaGtIt³ dUecñH . enHCan&yénGdðkza kñúg
rmμN¾ GtItarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ BhiTÆarmμN¾ nignvtþBVarmμN¾ .
er]gGtItarmμNJ¦aNenaH .
sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²k*bueBVnivasJ¦aN
cMENkkñúgKmÖIrbdðan elakeBalehIyza ²xnÆTaMgLay Ca
enaH kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y>nUvxnÆEdlCakamavcr CabritþarmμN¾ç
kusl Cabc©&y én«TÆiviZJ¦aN énecetabriyJ¦aN énbueBVniva-
kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y> nUvxnÆEdlCarU:vcr nig GrU:vcr Ca
sanusStiJ¦aN ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN énGnaKtMsJ¦aN eday
mhK<tarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y> nUvmK<EdlxøÜn ß buK<l
GarmμNb|c©&y ‘1’ ³ eRBaHehtuNaç eRBaHehtuenaH xnÆTaMgLay
déTcMerInehIy nig nUvplEdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéT eZVIoCak´c|as´
4 k*CaGarmμN¾ énecetabriyJ¦aN nig yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN:n .
ehIykñúgGtItkal CaGb|maNarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIrlwker]y>
mYyeT[t kñúgjaNTaMg 2 enaH xnÆTaMgLay TaMgkusl TaMg
nUvmK<EdlxøÜn ß buK<ldéTcMerInehIyEtmüa¨g CamK<armμN¾ .
GkuslhñwgÉg CaGarmμN¾ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN Bit y¨agenH . ÉbueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH
bu¨Enþtamkarniym ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH CaGtItarmμN¾ Emn Bit .
bNÐitKb|IRCabesckþIEbøkKñaenHKW ²kñúgjaNTaMgLaynu@H
1-
GPiÇ
kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvxnÆ rbs´
bÇ PaKTI 94 TMB&rTI 231 .
visuTÆimK< ERb xøÜn
CaGCÄtþarmμN¾
kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvxnÆ
473 rbs´GñkdéT
474
GPiJ¦anieTÞs
eQμaHza bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ eRBaHTiBVckú¡enaH RbRBwtþeTA kñúgrUbEdl
CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ . kñúgkalCaTIrlwkeXIjnUvvtúæEdlCab´edayxnÆ
kMBugmanbu¨eNÑaHç
mannam eKaRt nig nimitþénEpndICaedIm edayn&y manCaGaTi¾za
kñúgeBaHCaedIm rbs´xøÜn CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ç kñúgkalCaTIeXIjnUvrUb
²kñúgGtItkal RBHd*manRBHPaK RTg´RBHnamvibsSI RTg´:nekIt
énbuK<ldéT CaBhiTÆarmμN¾³ dUecñHÉg .
ehIyç RBHmatarbs´RBHGg< RTg´RBHnamBnÆúmtIç RBHbita RTg´RBH namBnÆúma³ dUecñH bueBVnivasJ¦aNenaH CanvtþBVarmμN¾ . k*Baküza ²namnigeKaRt³ kñúgbTenH :ndl´sPav; Edl
kñúgkalCaTIeXIjnUvrUbkM:Mg
manrUbEdlenA
karRbRBwtiþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg 4 énTiBVckú¡J¦aN bNÐit Kb|IRCabdUceBalmkenHÉg .
‘ GnaKtMsJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 8 ’
Kb|IRCabesckþIénBüJ¢n;ç
‘262’ GnaKtMsJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8
minEmnCaBüJ¢n;eTç eRBaHza BüJ¢n;CaZmμCattUcqμar eRBaHPav;
edayGMNacénbritþarmμN¾ mhK<tarmμN¾ Gb|maNarmμN¾ mK<a-
énBüJ¢n;enaH KWelakse®g<aHehIy edayTICaTIekIténs&BÞ ‘sTÞa
rmμN¾ GnaKtarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ BhiTÆarmμN¾nignvtþBVarmμN¾.
ytn;’ . smdUcCaRBHmanRBHPaK Rtas´za ²nirutþib|dismÖiTa
sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTA y¨agdUcemþc/³ . eqøIyza ²k*GnaKtMsJ¦aN
manGarmμN¾tUcqμar ‘1’ ³ dUecñH .
enaH CabritþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH nwg
Cab´edayxnÆ
sMercedaykarsmμtiç
karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8 énbueBVnivasJ¦aN
ekItkñúgkamavcrPB³ dUecñHç CamhK<tarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza
bNÐitKb|IRCab dUc:neBalmkenHÉg . enHCaesckþIKab´citþ
²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenHnwgekItkñúgrU:vcrPB ßGrU:vcrPB³ dUecñHç
rbs´eyIg kñúgnvtþBVarmμN¾nu@H .
CaGb|maNarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenH nwg
‘ TiBVckú¡J¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 4 ’
júaMgmK<ocMerIn nwgeZVIiCak´c|as´nUvpl³ dUecñHç CamK<armμN¾ kñúg
TiBVckú¡J¦aN RbRBwtþeTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMg 4 edayGMNac
kalCaTIdwgza ²kñúgGnaKt buK<lenHnwgcMerInmK<³ dUecñHhñwgÉg .
énbritþarmμN¾ bc©úb|nñarmμN¾ GCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾ .
EtebIeBaltamniymehIy GnaKtMsJ¦aNnu@H CaGnaKta-
sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTAy¨agdUcemþc/³ eqøIyza ²EmnBit TiBVckú¡J¦aN
rmμN¾ EmnBit .
enaH eZVInUvrUboCaGarmμN¾pg eZVInUvrUbCakamavcrpg eRBaHehtu
ecetabriyJ¦aN
Na eRBaHehtuenaH
dUecñaH ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mancitþCaGnaKt kñúgxagkñúgénézá 7
1- GPiÇ viÇ
TiBVckú¡J¦aN eTIbCabritþarmμN¾ç
PaKTI 82 TMB&rTI 50 .
mYyeT[t
kñúgGnaKtarmμNJ¦aNTaMgLayenaH sUm|I CaGnaKtarmμN¾
Etbu¨eNÑaH CaGarmμN¾ .
k*BitEmnehIy
EtebITukCa
eRBaHza ecetabriyJ¦aNenaH mindwg
visuTÆimK< ERb
475
xnÆdéTpg nUvvtúæEdlCab´edayxnÆdéTpg . ‘Et’ vtúæGVImYy kñúg GnaKtkal eQμaHza minEmnCaGarmμN¾ énGnaKtMsJ¦aN min
476
GPiJ¦anieTÞs karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 5 ényzakmμÚbKJ¦aN
bNiÐtKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:neBalmkenHÉg . cMENkkñúgkarBN(na nUvGCÄtþarmμN¾ nig BhiTÆarmμN¾enH
maneT tamn&yEdleBalehIy kñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aN . CaGCÄtþarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza ²GatμaGjnwgekIt kñúgPB
BaküÉNaEdlRBHmanRBHPaKRtas´ehIyza ²yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN
ÉeNÑaH ‘kñúgGnaKt’³ dUecñH . CaBhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgza
enaH CaGCÄtþarmμN¾pg CaBhiTÆarmμN¾pgEmnBit³ dUecñHç Bakü
²‘kñúgGnaKt’ buK<lÉeNaH nwgekItkñúgPBÉeNaH³ dUecñH . kñúg
enaH RBHGg<Rtas´ehIyza ²yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNnu@H CaGCÄtþarmμN¾
kalCaTIdwgnUvnam nig eKaRt edayn&yza ²kñúgGnaKt RBHman
pg CaBhiTÆarmμN¾pg kñúgkalCaTIdwgkñúgxagkñúg tamkal kúñg
RBHPaK RBHnamemetyü nwgób|tþieLIgç RBahμN¾ eQμaHsuRBhμa
xageRkAtamkal bu¨eNÑaHÉg³ dUecñH .
nwgCabitarbs´RBHGg<ç RBahμNI eQμaHRBhμvtI nwgCamata rbs´ RBHGg<³ dUecñHCaedIm CanvtþBVarmμN¾ tamn&yEdl:neBalmk ehIy kñúgbueBVnivasJ¦aNhñwgÉg . karRbRBwtþieTA kñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 8 énGnaKtMsJ¦aN bNÐitKb|IRCab edayRbkardUc:neBalmkehIyenHÉg .
yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾TaMgLay 5 eday mhK<tarmμN¾
GtItarmμN¾
GCÄtþarmμN¾
nigBhiTÆarmμN¾. sYrza ²RbRBwtþeTAdUcemþc/³. eqøIyza ²EmnBit yzakmμÚbKJ¦aNenaH CabritþarmμN¾
eQμaHGPiJ¦anieTÞs
kñúgbkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTiÆmK< Edlx\úMer[ber[gehIy edIm|IRbeyaCn¾dl´kiriyarIkrayTYeTA cb´ehIy edaynUvRbkarGm|alenHÉgehag . bkrN¾viess eQμaHvisuTÆimK<ERb PaKTI2 cb´
‘ yzakmμÚbKJ¦aN RbRBwtþeTAkñúgGarmμN¾ 5 ’ GMNacénbritþarmμN¾
briecäT TI13
kñuúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμEdl
Cakamavcrç CamhK<tarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμEdlCarU:vcr
♣♣♣ :ner[ber[gcb´sBVRKb´ enAézáGg<ar 3 ekIt ExEcRt BÇsÇ 2551 RtUvnwgézá TI8 Exemsa KÇsÇ 2008 evlaem¨ag 7 yb´
nig GrU:vcrç CaGtItarmμN¾ eRBaHdwgnUvkmμEdlCaGtItEtmüa¨g bu¨eNÑaHç
CaGCÄtþarmμN¾
kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμ
rbs´xøÜnç
BhiTÆarmμN¾ kñúgkalCaTIdwgnUvkmμ rbs´GñkdéT³ dUecñH .
Ca