Hongkou Redevelopment Project - Shanghai China

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新虹口区 NEW HONGKOU Politecnico di Milano Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati 722552

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Site Analysis Location Hongkou’s Current Situation Pictures Photo Montage Necessary Additional Space Urban Puzzle Hand Sketches

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Developing a Concept Initial Proposals Fengshui Shadow Analysis Orientation Initial Strategy Carpet Concept Ideology Nolli Concept Cheese Model Carpet Model Landuse Analysis Model

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Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

New Hongkou Masterplan Complex Plan Facades Floor Plans Apartment Plans Material Analysis Void Model Inspiration Renders of the Complex Renders of the Social Gathering Space and the Open Area Green Features Landscape Detail Landscape Elements Trees and Flowers Public Elements Inspiration Renders of the Landscape Acitivities Site Section 3D Views of the Site

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REDEVELOPMENT

Location

PROJECT

Photo Montage

Current Situation

Shanghai

The area is very highly populated and it is in great need of urban resources.

Hongkou District

People living in the area are from low-income families and they try to use the space as best as possible.

The Surroundings

Creating the Necessary Additional Space

In Hongkou it is very evident that the residents are taking care of thier own needs by providing the necessary requirements for themselves. Kind of a «Citizen Urban Planning» or a «Citizen Architecture».

They create sanitary fixtures and public spaces for the community, and they provide pirate electricity and also perhaps water systems for the neighborhood.

= Public Transportation Connection

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

But one of the most interesting features, is the creation of the necessary spaces on the existing buildings. In Hongkou, you can easily see the new additional bedroom, balcony, toilet on every possible space on the buildings; and in some cases these new addtional spaces are not only violating every architectural, construction and safety rules, but they are also ignoring the existing boundaries between the buildings or even, private and public spaces.

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An Urban Puzzle

Walking through the narrow streets of today’s Hongkou feels like walking into a puzzle of urban disorder.

Due to the lack of space, every meter is used either as semi-private or public areas. These areas are created by the residents for themselves.

The alleys are like a complex maze that take you all over the neighborhood and even though every corner looks very similar, but it is almost guarenteed for the non-residents (visitors) to go back to place that they started from.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Hand Sketches

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Hand Sketches

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Hand Sketches

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Developing

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Concept

HONGKOU

REDEVELOPMENT

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Initial Proposals

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Initial Proposals

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Initial Proposals

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Orientation

Feng Shui is a Chinese philosophy, belief and a technique, which was used in the traditional Chinese Architecture for choosing the site and the orientation of the buildings and gardens, according to local features, such as, water, stars, compass and wind. Even the meaning of Feng Shui in Mandarin states these elements. Feng Shui means: Wind, Water.

This was used in ancient China as a system of Aesthetics and it was believed that Feng Shui Techniques would use the laws of heaven and earth to help improve life by recieving possitive «Qi», and to maximize the potential of land.

Jan 09:45

Jan 12:00

Jan 14:15

June 09:45

June 12:00

June 14:15

Oct 09:45

Oct 12:00

Oct 14:15

Qi, means the flow of energy and in Feng Shui, it would include the orientation of structure and it interaction with the surroundings microclimates, slope of the land and soil quality.

Orientation Design Strategy The orientation of the buildings in the today’s Hongkou is very much random. I wanted to keep the same irregularity in direction, while keeping in mind how to maximize the benefits of using the sunlight for lighting the building and minimizing the negative effcts of the heat gain on the southern facade.

The Masterplan and the orientation of the buildings, are carefully designed and calculated, in order to provide the best use of sunkight for all buildings and all of the residents.

This will also give our project a unique charecteristic in the neighbohood and it makes it very different from other buildings.

Qi, means the flow of energy and in Feng Shui, it would include the orientation of structure and it interaction with the surroundings microclimates, slope of the land and soil quality.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Orientation Design Concept

The Great Wall of China (Urban Version)

Today’s Shanghai’s Urban Structure is made of rows and rows of giant skyscrapers, which make it look like an Urban version of the Great Wall of China.

New Orientation

By «Breaking down» the wall we can reorganize the structure and create different orientations.

Politecnico di Milano

Lack of Free Movement

Limited Views

These endless rows of Skyscrapers, diminish the movement and the flow of people in the urban environment.

Not only this type of desing, will create only two views, but the skyscrapers are obstructing each other’s views.

Moreover they cast huge shadows.

Freedom of Movement

Various Views and Optimum Usage of the Sunlight

Different Orientations, provide various pathways whic not only bring a sort of amusement and fun for the residents and the visitors, but it also facilitates the flow of pedestrian and the bicycle movement.

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

Another great feture of this desing is the creation of different views as well as achieving the maximum use of sun light for all the resident and to avoid the shadows casted by other buildings.

Lack of Green Areas

Today in Shanghai, there is a lack of courtyards and green spaces, and the lay out of the buildings, avoids the creation of any central courtyard.

We can Solve these Problems by «Breaking Down» these skyscrapers into smaller segments.

Vertical & Horizontal Green Spaces

In this design both the «Vertical» and «Horizontal» green spaces are considered, which will be used to bring Social Gathering Spaces and Relaxation Areas for the occupants.

This design also provides a central courtyard for the residential complexes.

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Masterplan Design Strategy

Cheese

Model Atlantis Condominium Miami

Residential Building in Hong Kong

With the «Cheese Model» voids are created and they are used as Vertical Vegetation areas and Social Gathering Space.

Nolli

Concept

Carpet Concept One of the inspirations for designing the Masterplan was the patterns in the carpet design, in particular the patterns in the Persian Carpet Desgin.

Many of the patterns in Persian Carpet Designs, illustrate the Masterplan of the traditional Persian Gardens and all the elements that are creating those calm and relaxing environemtns.

Persian Gardens are famously known for representing the notion of heaven in this world through nature and garden desing, and in such patterns on the Persian carpets, heavens are illustrated in form of gardens, filled with animals and angels.

In the desing of my Masterplan, I created a set of elements that would create the Public Spaces and Residential areas that are separated by the landscape elements.

This was very similar to some Persian Carpet Design Patterns that are seperating the «flowers» on the carpet by other elements.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

The Design of the Masterplan was further enhanced by incorporating the Nolli’s concept for Rome.Series of open spaces taht are linked together.

Using Nolli’s Concept or Rome’s Urban Structure we can : - Create Public and Semi-Public Spaces through the boundaries of Buildings.

- Connect the Public spaces by creating Sequences or Series of open spaces taht are linked together.

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Carpet Concept

Masterplan Layout as seen on the Model

Landuse Analysis

The Masterplan is designed to mix commercial and residential areas with each other and to create life and vibrancy throughout the entire project. This is achieved by scattering the commercial areas, as much as possible.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Master

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Plan

Xin G The site is located in the city of Shanghai in China.

Shanghai is China’s biggest city and it is the country’s economical capital and it is home to around 20 million people.

Despite its enormous size, it is still attracting lots of residents from all over China and its thirst for more construction is still visible.

In the past years, China has gone through massive economic growth, which produced a great amount of construction all over the country, in particular in Shanghai.

Thanks to this economic rise, the country has transformed its image and the major Chinese cities are not recognizable from what they looked like only few years ago. This rapid urban transformation is very much visible in China.

There are neighbourhood that have been completely reconstructed and replaced with brand new shiny skyscrapers, while at the same time there are shanty towns where more than 10 people live in homes that are designed for only 4 residents. Many of these districts are lacking proper urban facilities such as, running toilets and bathrooms, for every household.

The Chinese rapid urban reconstruction has happened so fast that sometimes these two completely different neighborhoods and districts are exactly next to each other.

Our project is in one of these neighborhoods. It is the Hongkou District and it is home to many residents of Shanghai who are leaving in old and heavily dense zone, with very basic urban facilities.

Event though Hongkou it is a poor neighborhood, but it is functioning as a community, with all kinds of shops and stores that are targeting the Hongkou residents.

In our design we wanted to preserve the character of Hongkou and to mixed the different types of usage throughout the Master plan.

One of the most influential characteristics of Shanghai’s urban typography is that the visitors get surrounded by a forest of skyscrapers.

Of course these skyscrapers are necessary to host the city’s huge population, but we decided to make the towers as low as we can in our master plan, so that the residents of the new Hongkuo won’t feel small and suffocated by a forest of concrete.

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Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Complex Structure

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Ground Floor Plan

Coffee Bar

Shop Lobby /Entrance to Residential Area

Shop Toilet

Toilet Shop Shop

Entrance Hall

Shop

Shop Technical Installations

Shop

Lobby /Entrance to Residential Area

Shop

Bike Storage

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Sports Room

Shop

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Lobby

Shop Shop Reception

Lobby /Entrance to Residential Area

Shop

Shop Bike Storage

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Shop Technical Installations

Party Room / Social Gathering Space

Shop

Shop Shop

Toilet

Entrance Hall

Shop Shop

Shop Toilet

Toilet

Lobby /Entrance to Residential Area

Shop

Toilet

Shop Shop

Shop

Shop Entrance Hall

Lobby /Entrance to Residential Area

Shop Shop

Every Complex in the Masterplan consists of many buildings with different types of usage. Here one of those complexes is analyzed in more detail.

Commercial and Residential spaces are connected to each other with either horizontal or vertical Public Spaces, which also act as Social Gathering spaces.

This will bring a more friendly community feeling for the residents and the visitors and it creates an active and a vibrant social environment into the area.

The Vertical Public Spaces bring a relaxing environment and a soical spaces closer to all the residents in the buildings, regardless of the height and the oor that they are living in.

Northern Facade

Eastern Facade

Shop

Shop Shop Installations Toilet Toilet

Shop

Entrance Hall

Shop

Shop

Shop Shop Shop

Shop

Entrance Hall

Shop

Toilet

Southern Facade

Toilet

Shop Shop

Western Facade

Cross-Section

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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P l a n s

Apartments: According to the Chinese Housing Regulations, no apartment should exceed 90 square meters in size.

Therefore in the design the largest apartments are 90 square meters.

1st Floor Plan

In the design of the floor plans, different types of apartments are included for people with different social and economical status.

There are two two bedrooms, duplex family apartments with 90 square meters.

Single bedroom apartments for newly wed couples with an average size of 72 square meters.

Studio apartments with an average square meters of 45, which can be used by students.

2nd Floor Plan

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

Furnished Apartment Plans

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Ma te ri a l An a l ysi s

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Building Design Concept

The creation of the Vertical Social Gathering Spaces brings more comfort to the residents.

People can relaz and enjoy the view from either the voids, or the open space areas, both on the residential and the commercial sectors of this project.

These voids are created by the «Cheese Model» Concept as we discussed before.

Voids

Social Activities in the Voids

I n s p i r a t i o n s The Commercial areas are made of steel frame with glass facade, which is covered by wooden stripes. This will brake the direct sunlight coming into the structure, which minimizes the heat gained by sun’s infrared rays, while at the same time it allow enought sunlight to enter the building that can help minimizing electricity usage.

In addition to the environmentally friendly aspects that these wooden striped facade would create, it also has many astetical features.

The presence of wood, will create a warm environemtent and it will bring a sort of warmth and hapiness to the costumers and the visitors.

This feature is further strengthened, when it allows a strip on natural sunlight into the structure.

On the left you can see the Pavillion d'accueil du Château de Versailles.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

On the right, two fine examples from the Open Space Scoial Gathering Spacesin New York city are illustrated.

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Renders of The Complex

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Renders of Social Gathering Spaces

Caffeteria and the Residential Voids

Open Space

Void Activities

Open Space Activities

Void Activities

Caffeteria

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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REDEVELOPMENT

G r e e n

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F e a t u r e s

Cross Ventilation Technique

By designing an Open Floor Plan, we can achieve Cross-Ventilation system, which would dramatically improve the Natural Ventialation and it would reduce the usage of the HVAC system.

Fish Mouth Ventialtion System

Bicycle Friendly Design

Fish Mouth Ventilation system is a new Technologies that is incorporated into the BuildingĂšs Windows and it facilitates the Cross-Ventilation throughout the building.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

The Master Plan is designed to have an Open Bicyle Routes.

Moreover Bicyclerooms and racks are included in the floor plans.

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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REDEVELOPMENT

PROJECT In Mandarin, charecter for «Chinese Garden» is made of the elements that are creating a Chinese Garden. Elements such as, Wall, Pavilion, Pool, Tree and Mountain.

By studying these elements, I tried to design the landscape for the residential and commercial courtyards, by incorporating the elements in the Chinese garden that are suitable for this project.

Landscape Design

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Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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Landscape Elements in the Residential Complex

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T y p o l o g y Cedar

The types of trees used in this landscape were inspired by the Persian Garden Design, and I have chossen.

Platanus Orientalis: which is used to cast large shadows in the summer time.

Cedar: which is used for its hieght, shadow creation and its green look in all 4 seasons.

Platanus Orientalis

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

Lotus

Prunos

Prunos Mame

The flowers chosen for the landscape were taken from Chinese Garden design and there are: Peony, Prunus Mame, Prunus and Lotus.

They symbolize, Purity, Renewal and Strength.

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Public Elements

PROJECT

R e n d e r s Commercial Courtyard Activities

There are elements in the public spaces, that will be used to improve the quality and the standard of the living in the area.

By creating a nice and realxing environment, we can make the residents happier and healthier.

Residential Courtyard Activities

Residential Courtyard Activities

Public Spce Activities

Residential Courtyard

I n s p i r a t i o n s

Public Spce Activities

The shape and the design of the elements in the landscape, was greatly influenced by the West8's Interpolis Garden in Tilburg, Nederlands. (on the right) The connectivity between different neighborhoods through the landscape was inspired by the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway in Boston MA, USA.

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Sketch of Activities and Building Overpass

Building Overpass

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

Public Space Activities

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S e c t i o n s

The different orientation in the building’s on this Masterplan, not only improves the sunlight usage for all the residents, but it will also make this project very unique and distinguishable from other projects in the area.

The same concept helped us to break down the skyscrapers into smaller segments, so the visitors wouldn’t be surrounded by endless walls of skyscrapers and the wouldn’t get a soffocating feeling by the enormous concrete jungle of Shanghai.

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Site Cross-Section A-A

Site Cross-Section B-B

Site Cross-Section C-C

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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3D Views of the Site

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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新虹口区 NEW HONGKOU

Politecnico di Milano

Master’s in Architecture P r o f . R e m o D o r i g a t i

Final Thesis Nowzar Hedayati

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