Green building, GRIHA MANUAL IN DETAIL by NUTAN NAVALGUND

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO 2020 8TH SEM

SUBMITTED BY NUTAN Y NAVALGUND 01FA16BAT028 SOA KLETECH

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERIA 1

INDEX CRITERIA NO. 1. 4.

CRITERIA

POINTS

PAGE NO.

Site Selection Site imperviousness factor

1 1

4 6

Air and water pollution control Preserve and protect landscape during construction Construction Management Practices Energy efficiency Renewable energy utilization Achieving indoor comfort requirements (visual/thermal/acoustic)

1 4

9 15

13 7 6

20 23 25

Maintaining good IAQ

Use of low-flow fixtures and systems

Reducing landscape water demand

Water Quality

17 18 19

5 2 6

48 51 53

On-site water reuse Rainwater Recharge Utilization of BIS recommended waste materials in building structure Reduction in embodied energy of building structure Avoided post-construction landfill

: Treat organic waste on site

Labour safety and sanitation

Design for Universal Accessibility

Dedicated facilities for service staff

Increase in environmental awareness

5 6 7 8 9 11

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERIA 1

INDEX

CRITERIA NO. 28 29

30 31

CRITERIA

POINTS

PAGE NO.

Smart metering and monitoring Operation & Maintenance Protocols

8 0

83 86

Performance Assessment for Final Rating Innovation BIBILOGRAPGHY

4 -

89 90

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERIA 1

Criterion 1: Site Selection Intent: Site selection is the first step to a sustainable habitat and needs to be done prudently. The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the site meets the relevant masterplan/local development plans.

Maximum Points: 1 Appraisals: •

1.1.1: The site plan must be in conformity with the development plan/master plan/UDPFI

guidelines (mandatory). This should comply with the provisions of eco-sensitive zone regulations, coastal zone regulations, heritage areas (identified in the master plan or issued separately as specific guidelines), water body zones (in such zones, no construction is permitted in the water spread and buffer belt of 30 meter minimum around the FTL), various hazard prone area regulations, and others if the site falls under any such area - Mandatory •

1.1.2: The project site is a brownfield site OR a redevelopment project OR there are at least 5 services (from the list given below) within the campus or within 500m walking distance from main entrance of project – 1 point Services: Grocery store, pharmacy, Bank/ATM, Park, Restaurant, Community Centre, School, Gym, Metro Station/Public transit stop.

Compliances: • •

1.2.1: Submit documentation to demonstrate conformity to local development plant/master-plan. 1.2.2: Submit documentation (narrative/site plan/photographs) to demonstrate either: • site was a brownfield site OR • that the project is a redevelopment project OR •

at least 5 basic services are located within 500 m walking distance from main entrance of project.

Narrative: Project location plays a key role before any project is decided. There are many important factors when it comes to the location of the site lite, the site context, technical feasibility,, the zoning of the whole city, legal GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERIA 1

information(ownership) , services available in that area , the circulation of the city , the utilities like electricity, gas, water , sewer services. Coming to the site, it’s a brownfield site since 2000, a building was existing in this site in after 2000 and it was demolished in 2017. These pictures show that the site is brownfield site and not a virgin site and the below pictures show that the all the basic amenities are located within 500m of the site. Year -2000,source google map

Year- 2017 the structure demolished, source google map

Eg1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Grocery shops- shri mahalaxmi enterprises, mini traders Metro station-Goraguntepalya Buststop- MEI Banks ATMS – Canara bank, HDFC bank, ICIC bank Hospitals-Sparch Hospital Restaurants- Vivanta taj, absolute BBQs, EITE restaurant

Fig 2The map showing the basicservices located, source

Fig 2The map showing the basic services located within 500 m From site, source, google maps

google maps

Site ,near Yeshwantpur

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• •

This is the CDP map of Bangalore city, which shows that this area is the hub for many industries, and also one main agro based industry is located right next to the site Also the site is very near to many transport systems like airport, rail waystation, and metro stations, etc This place also has many restaurants, banks hospitals, and bars , from all these above analysis we can see that this area has a mixed use of development, and is very much suited for the coworking spaces.

Land use map, source, - BBMP

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERIA 1

Criterion 4: Site imperviousness factor Intent: High imperviousness on site leads to rapid runoff of rainwater, reduces urban rainwater recharge and contributes to conditions of urban flooding. The intent of this criterion is to ensure implementation of site design measures which assist in reduction of overall site imperviousness factor.

Maximum Points: 1 Appraisals: • 4.1.1: Net Imperviousness factor of site meets the NBC 2005 norms & the site is designed such that postconstruction storm water discharge from the site is zero* – 1 point

Compliances: • 4.2.1: Submit calculations and drawing demonstrating compliance with Net Imperviousness Factor of NBC 2005 • 4.2.2: Submit calculations demonstrating that post construction, the site does not discharge any storm water outside the site • 4.2.3: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented. * Analyse for the peak average daily rainfall of the year

Narrative: The idea is to reduce the imperviousness of the site, so that during the rainfall, the imperviousness of the site should not cause any urban flooding. Few points taken from NBC 2005: • •

•

Pervious paving helps in holding rain water, reducing the rate of storm water flow, infiltrating storm water into the ground for reuse and also helps in filtering the rain water. Besides helping in storm water management, pervious paving helps in reducing the heat Island effect. For sustainable site planning, perviousness in the paved areas of the site may be maximized. However, the rain water harvesting potential of pervious paving is subject to local geomorphological formations and the use of the same should be assessed based on local conditions. For example, in coastal areas, where the water table may be high and the water absorptive capacity is low, pervious paving may not be as effective. Below table is taken from NBC 2005 standards for imperviousness factor applicable to different types of area.

source, NBC 2005 GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 4

• Calculations Calculations to support design commitment

Impervious paved area on-site to include parking, driveways, sidewalks, roads, boundary wall, often plazas walkways, etc. Exclude areas that have pervious paving (grass pavers, open grid pavements, gravel paving, etc.) Total site area is an area of plot used for calculation of floor area ratio/floor space index. Net imperviousness of site (m2) = Surface area × Runoff coefficient.

Run off coefficients for different surfaces, source, NBC 2005

Benefits of pervious paving on the site include: • • • • • • •

Promotes infiltration of stormwater There are many pervious surface and paving material choices Paver systems are easy to repair or replace Slows stormwater runoff Helps clean the stormwater through filtering it through the base material and soil Beneficial to street trees as roots can have more access to air and water Pavers enhance curb side appeal and increase property value GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 4

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Groundwater recharge where soils and geologic conditions allow . Type of permeable surfaces Sr.no. Type 1. Porous Asphalt

Definition Is used on highways to remove excess water.

Picture

Source, research gate google

Single-Sized Aggregate

Contains no binder and is commonly known as loose gravel. It can commonly be seen in very low-speed applications such as driveways or pathways. Source,the constructor

Plastic Grids

Porous Turf

Allow for a 100% porous system and are growing in popularity due to LEED project requirements. These grids help reinforce gravel driveways, parking lots, and fire lanes. Plastic grids can also be planted with grass. Can be used for areas with occasional parking, such as stadiums or churches.

Source, grid force

The cross-section of an pervious pavour Source, trufstone grid pavours

Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers

Are individual units that can be laid out in an interlocking grid pattern, with in-between spaces commonly filled with grass or small stones. This type of paving is popular in public areas due to its architectural appeal. Source,Portland cement interlocking

Resin-Bound Paving

Is a mixture of a clear resin and aggregate, used for areas with pedestrian and vehicular traffic, including walkways, driveways, and parking lots. Source,Addaset resin bound Decorative surface

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 4

Criterion 5: Air and water pollution control

Intent: The intent of this criterion is to minimize air and water pollution during construction on site. Maximum Points: 1 Appraisals: • 5.1.1: Adopt at least 3 measures (from the list given with first being mandatory) on site to curb air pollution during construction – Mandatory • Provision of 3-meter-high barricading around the construction area - Mandatory • Wheel washing facility at the vehicular entrance of the site • Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/geotextile sheets • Water sprinkling on fine aggregate (sand) and excavated earth • All diesel gensets on site to have proper chimneys with their outlet facing away from the site • 5.1.2: Develop and implement a spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like bitumen, diesel etc.) on site – 1 point

Compliances: • 5.2.1: Submit relevant sections of tender document showing that air pollution prevention measures are required to be implemented by the contractor during construction on site. • 5.2.2: Submit narrative describing the spill prevention plan, with description of spill control measures, adopted on site • 5.2.3: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented.

Narrative: Dust and out door air pollutants can cause respiratory issues. Good construction practices involve major mitigation measures for prevention or minimization of air pollution from construction activities. This criterion aims to reduce air pollution due to on – site construction. The material used to prevent spread of dust and air pollution should be reusable and durable enough, in order to maintain resource economy and reduce expenses of using new material on every new site.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

This can be achieved by the following ways, •

Provision of 3-meter-high barricading around the construction area (Mandatory) Source, control-dust-atconstruction-site844446.com

A board fence

Wind fence

A sediment fence

➢ A board fence, wind fence, sediment fence, or similar barrier can control air currents and blow soil. All of these fences are normally constructed of wood. ➢ Perennial grass and stands of existing trees may also serve as wind barriers. Barriers prevent erosion by obstructing the wind near the ground and preventing the soil from blowing off-site. ➢ Barriers shall be placed at right angles to prevailing wind currents at intervals of about 15 times the barrier height. ➢ Solid board fences, snow fences, burlap fences, crate walls, bales of hay and similar material can be used to control air currents and blown soil.

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Wheel washing facility at the vehicular entrance of the site

A roller system

A wheel washing on site Truck wheel washing Source, hartex engineering .com

A drive through system Source- Wikipedia

➢ Wheel washing systems can be installed on construction sites to enable the wheels of plant, trucks and other vehicles to be cleaned before leaving the site. This is used to control and eliminate mud, slurry and other pollutants being deposited on public roads. ➢ The system is typically located near to the site exit and instructions given to site operatives, delivery drivers and visitors that they are to use it before leaving. ➢ There are two main types of wheel washing system: • Roller: Each set of wheels is placed on the rollers and rotated as water sprays out from strategically-placed nozzles. • Drive-through: The vehicle drives through and a sensor triggers the washing process. ➢ The sludge which is washed off may be directed into a recycling tank, with the sedimentation of the solids accelerated by the use of flocculants. The solids which settle at the bottom of the tank are removed by an automatic scraper or excavating plant. The aim is for clean water to be used for every wash. GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

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Covering of fine aggregate and excavated earth on site with plastic/geotextile sheets

Geo textile sheets , during excatvation

Platic sheets , during excatvation

Geo textile sheets , during excatvation

➢ This covering would help the excavation and the fine aggregates from flying in the air and causing pollution. ➢ The above picture shows how these sheets are applied an excavation earth and the fine aggregates. Water sprinkling on fine aggregate (sand) and excavated earth.

•

Source, iStock

Water sprinkling on fine aggregates.

Water sprinkling on fine excavation.

➢ This is the most used alternative, due to its low cost of implementation and excellent results. Water should be applied at least three times a day or more, depending on the atmospheric conditions. A water tanker is driven on-site spraying water over the affected areas preventing dust from airborne. All diesel gensets on site to have proper chimneys with their outlet facing away from the site .

•

Source, iStock

➢ It is done so that it will reduce the air pollution inside the site. Diesel genset on site

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Diesel genset on site with proper chimneys with outlet facing away from site

Develop and implement a spill prevention plan (to control effects of spill from hazardous materials like bitumen, diesel etc.) on site An SPCC Plan is a document that conveys exactly what your facility will do if an oil spill occurs, demonstrating to the EPA that you are prepared for such an incident.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

• Example , the example shows the spill action plan of the office space design, o General • This plan is established to provide the Contractor general guidance and procedures to manage project site operations which have potential to cause environmental damage and procedures to follow in case a hazardous spill occurs. • The following discharges are prohibited from roadway construction sites and pollution prevention standards are required whenever the sources for these potential pollutants are located on a construction site: ➢ 1. Wastewater from washout of concrete; ➢ 2. Wastewater from washout and cleanout of paint, form release oils, concrete grinding slurry, curing compounds and other construction materials; ➢ 3. Fuels, oils, or other pollutants used in vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance; ➢ 4. Soaps, solvents, or detergents used in vehicle and equipment washing; and ➢ 5. Toxic or hazardous substances from a spill or other release. • Contractor Responsibilities ➢ Follow proper procedures for the procurement, receipt, storage, and handling of hazardous materials under their control. ➢ 2. Train employees to control the identified waste and recyclable products in the containers provided. ➢ 3. Maintain Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on file for hazardous chemicals used on the project and ensure employees follow all of the incorporated requirements. ➢ 4. Know the potential health and environmental hazards associated with the use of hazardous materials on the project site. ➢ 5. Store and dispose of hazardous or toxic waste in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended methods and in compliance with federal, state, tribal, and local requirements. ➢ 6. Inspect hazardous material containments weekly for leaks and damage. ➢ 7. Ensure equipment for emergency action is in place to provide quick assistance and minimize employee risk. ➢ 8. Use correct personal protective equipment in accordance with the hazard analysis, MSDS, or other procedural requirement.

• Fuelling and Maintenance of Equipment or Vehicles ➢ If fueling and/or maintenance of equipment or vehicles occur on the project site, the following are required: ➢ 1. Ensure adequate supplies are available at all times to handle spills, leaks, and disposal of used liquids; ➢ 2. Use drip pans and absorbents under or around leaky vehicles; ➢ 3. Dispose of or recycle oil and oily wastes in accordance with other federal, state, tribal, or local requirements; ➢ 4. Clean up spills or contaminated surfaces immediately, using dry clean up measures where possible, and eliminate the source of the spill to prevent discharge or a furtherance of an ongoing discharge; and ➢ 5. Do not clean surfaces by hosing the area down.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

• Washing of Equipment and Vehicles ➢ If washing vehicles on site, provide an effective means of minimizing the discharge of pollutants from equipment and vehicle washing, wheel wash water, and other types of washing. • Storage of Products that have the Potential to be Hazardous or Toxic Waste Examples of hazardous or toxic waste that may be present at construction sites include, but are not limited to, paints, solvents, petroleum‐based products, wood preservatives, additives, curing compounds, acids. If storing any of the above products on the construction site, comply with the following: ➢ Provide the Resident Engineer with a plan as to where all hazardous chemicals and fuels storage tanks and containers will be located. This plan will include all safety and health precautions to be implemented to maximize safe handling and storage of chemicals and fuels. This plan and the location requested by the Contractor must be approved by the Resident Engineer before bringing chemicals and fuels onsite. ➢ 2. Store these products in water‐tight containers, and provide either cover (e.g., plastic sheeting or temporary roofs) to prevent these containers from coming into contact with rainwater or provide secondary containment (e.g., spill berms, decks, spill containment pallets) Disposal of Waste Products 1. Separate hazardous or toxic waste from construction and domestic waste. Mixing increases hazardous waste volume and consequent handling and disposal costs. 2. Store waste in sealed containers, which are constructed of suitable materials to prevent leakage and corrosion, and which are labelled in accordance with applicable Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements and all other applicable state, or local requirements. Label hazardous waste containers as such. 3. The Contractor can maintain waste materials and non‐emergency spills up to 2700 lbs. (approved container) no longer than 180 days from the accumulation start date. Obtain a licensed waste hauler to remove hazardous wastes (liquids, solids). 4. For construction and domestic waste: Provide waste containers (e.g., dumpster or trash receptacle) of sufficient size and number to contain construction and domestic wastes. In addition, clean up and dispose of waste in designated waste containers and clean up immediately if containers overflow. 5. Dispose of hardened concrete waste in ways that are consistent with Utah disposal laws for inert material 6. For sanitary waste: Position portable toilets so that they are secure and will not be tipped or knocked over. Emergency Spill Notification Procedures: If the spill presents a potential for harm to personnel, public, or the environment, the Contractor is not able to immediately control and clean‐up the spill, and/or the spill exceeds the reportable quantity, the following actions shall be taken: ➢ Notify the Resident Engineer and the Region Safety Risk Manager to determine if the quantity or severity of the spill warrants outside assistance by emergency services (again, this is to ascertain the toxicity, size of spill, and if the spill could discharge to a surface water or a sewer/storm drain line).

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

➢ If the spill is clearly an emergency hazardous spill condition, the Resident Engineer or the Region Safety Risk Manager will notify the Utah Department of Environmental Quality and the National Response Center. ➢ . Submit an incident report within 24 hours to the Resident Engineer. The Region Safety Risk Manager will review the report, and if necessary, hold a post incident meeting with the Contractor. ➢ It is recommended that the Contractor use a State Certified Hazardous Materials Lab when necessary to identify an unknown spill material. Identifying the type of spill material or liquid containment can save the Contractor from increase costs for disposal if the material to be removed is known. ➢ The Contractor is responsible for all required hazardous waste management which includes but is not limited to the transportation, storage, and disposal at a hazardous waste disposal facility.

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➢ ➢ ➢

➢

Waste Disposal and Minor Spills: A minor spill is a condition that does not present potential harm to personnel and/or the environment, the Contractor has the ability to immediately control and clean‐up the spill, and the spill does not meet the hazardous spill definition. Actions to control non‐emergency spills involve the following activities from the Contractor: a. Immediately notify the Resident Engineer for verification that condition is a non‐ reportable minor spill. b. Begin spill clean‐up immediately and use trained personnel to respond to critical events involving spills. c. Use contingency clean up products and equipment to handle non‐emergency spills (absorbent materials, personal protection equipment, compatible empty container to store spilled material, fire extinguisher, etc.) d. Spilled liquids or solids are to be properly contained in a compatible container and stored on‐site until proper disposal action is taken as required by state and federal requirements. Where a spill occurs or when hazardous wastes are generated the Contractor will fill out a hazardous waste label and establish an accumulation date. e. Submit a spill report to the Resident Engineer explaining the spill quantity and method of disposal including a Hazardous Waste Disposal Manifest if applicable.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 5

Criterion 6: Preserve and protect landscape during construction Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure preservation of mature trees and fertile top soil on site, thereby minimizing the impact of construction activities on existing landscape.

Maximum Points: 4 Non-applicability: • If there are no mature trees on site, then project is exempt from 6.1.1 & 6.1.2 • If the top soil is not fertile & can’t be made fertile through organic means, then project is exempt from 6.1.3

Appraisals: 6.1.1: Ensure that no existing mature tree is cut on site OR transplant mature trees within the site and ensure they survive OR Plant 3 trees for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized species OR any combination of these for all mature trees on site – Mandatory • 6.1.2: Increase total number of trees on site by 25% above the pre-construction phase OR Plant 4 trees for every 1 tree cut of the same native/naturalized species – 2 points • 6.1.3: Preserve top soil during construction, maintain its fertility (during construction phase) and use for landscape post-construction – 2 points

Compliances: • 6.2.1: Submit site plan (drawing) of existing landscape plan highlighting (in different colour coding/layer) the following: • Existing trees which have been protected and preserved, along with table listing their species • Existing trees which have been transplanted • Existing trees which have been removed • Area from where top soil has been removed • Location on site (or off-site) where top soil will be preserved

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

15 CRITERION 6

•

6.2.2: Submit CAD drawing of proposed landscape plan highlighting (in different colour coding/layer) the following: •

Replantation of new trees in the ratio of 1:3 for each tree which has been cut, with the details about the

species that have been planted •

Replantation of tree done in excess of 25% than the minimum requirement, with the details of the species

that existed • • •

• Landscape area where top soil has been reapplied 6.2.3: Submit soil fertility test reports of site’s top soil from an ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research )-accredited laboratory . • 6.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

Narrative: ➢ The top soil distributed due to construction should be preserved in order to maintain its fertility so that it supports the vegetation growth again at its post construction. ➢ Along with that herre agin the expertise , labour, resources required should be considered . Also the impact on the lifecycle of the soil fertility as well as the vegetation should be taken into account.

The above picture showing how the nature and the buildings can coexist.

The above picture showing the Protection of landscape. Source, sustainable construction

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 6

Criterion 7: Construction Management Practices Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure adoption of good construction management practices on site.

Maximum Points: 4 Appraisals: • 7.1.1: Adopt staging during construction on site – 1 point • 7.1.2: Adopt strategies to prevent/reduce movement of soil (not top soil) outside the site through adoption of various strategies (like soil erosion channels, sedimentation control etc.) – 1 point • 7.1.3: Adopt strategies (at least 3 from the list below) to manage water during construction – 1 point • Using gunny bags for curing and using ponding for curing • Monitoring to avoid leaks and water wastage • Use of additives to reduce water requirements during curing • Use of treated waste water/captured storm water • 7.1.4: A construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste, its safe storage and on-site/off-site recycling is developed and implemented in the project – 1 point.

Compliances: 7.2.1: Submit narrative detailing the following practices on site: • staging practices adopted during construction • strategies implemented to reduce soil erosion from site • strategies adopted to reduce potable water during construction • 7.2.2: Submit a site plan (drawing) highlighting the following: • Site boundary, proposed building footprint and staging boundary on site • Location of measures to block soil erosion from site • Construction waste storage locations (primary and secondary) • 7.2.3: Submit narrative highlighting the quantum of waste generated during construction, storage facilities for inert and hazardous wastes and measures employed for its safe disposal/recycling . • 7.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented. GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 7

Narrative Sustainability on construction sites and its impacts on the environment have become increasingly relevant. Large quantities of materials, water and energy, among other resources of various types and origins, are consumed on construction sites during the production activities and by the temporary facilities. The main aim of this criteria is to ensure good and sustainable construction practices. ➢ 1.Adopt staging during construction on site These following phases can be applied: ➢ Initiation • When starting a building construction project, you will have to determine its feasibility by evaluating its pros and cons. In this phase, you will have to consider the objective of your project as it can be an opportunity or a problem for you as a builder. All the various options and solutions on how to build your project must be considered prior to taking the next steps.

➢ Planning • In this phase, the project has to be developed in detail to meet its objectives. The project manager’s team will define the work that needs to be done in order to start construction by identifying the resources and strategies to obtain supplies. An outline of the construction plan along with its timeframe and other activities has to be created in this phase for its execution. ➢ Execution, • This phase is also known as the implementation phase, since this phase of the project is practically put into performance mode. At each stage of implementation, it is necessary to communicate with the project manager’s team to control its expenses. The heads of all the teams executing the plan will submit their progress report to the project manager so that he can make the necessary adjustments. ➢ Monitoring, • In this phase, the performance and progress of the entire project is measured to ensure that the project is running as per the schedule. All the finishing works including woodwork, metalwork and painting, etc. are also monitored at this stage. ➢ The completion •

The completion phase is when the project manager has to finalize many things including: stopping the supplies, checking the final touches including planting and landscaping as well as cleaning the surroundings and do final inspection of the project before handing over the building to its owners.

Source, Synuma.com

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 7

➢ Adopt strategies to prevent/reduce movement of soil (not top soil) outside the site through adoption of various strategies (like soil erosion channels, sedimentation control etc.)

Sedimentation control

Soil erosion channels

These methods do not allow the movement of the outside soil to come inside the site. ➢ Using gunny bags for curing and using ponding for curing

Picture showing gunny bags used for construction

Ponding method for curing

➢ GUNNY BAG METHOD ➢ This method is very useful for vertical surfaces of concrete like sides of column. Gunny bags (BORI IN HINDI) are made from jute and wrapped around the concrete and are kept continuously wet. Gunny bags absorb water and retain moisture for long time. Gunny bags can be used for many times and hence this method is very economical.

PONDING METHOD: ➢ A➢ construction waste management plan for segregation of construction waste, its safe s ➢ Ponding method is suitable for large and slabimplemented and for road pavements. On top of the slab, small and on-site/off-site recycling is developed in the project. ponds are prepared from clayey soil, and water is stored up to a depth of 50mm for 28 days. Water used in ponding should be of good or potable quality (water fit for drinking). Source, Wikipedia

Stages; of the construction recycling GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

Process of circular construction 19

CRITERION 7

Criterion 8: Energy efficiency Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure the energy efficiency of the project.

Maximum Points: 13 Non-applicability: Appraisal 8.1.2 is applicable only for AC buildings (non-residential)

Appraisals: • 8.1.1: Ensure that the project meets the mandatory requirements of ECBC* & all fans must be BEE star rated - Mandatory • 8.1.2: Peak heat gain through building envelope (for each AC building individually) should meet the GRIHA Building Envelope Peak Heat Gain Factor thresholds – 2 points

• 8.1.3: Demonstrate that 100% of outdoor lighting fixtures (lamps + lamp housing) meet the luminous efficacy requirements of GRIHA – 1 point • All lamps + lamp housing must demonstrate luminous efficacy of at least 75 lumens/watt. • 8.1.4: Demonstrate (through simulations) that project EPI is below GRIHA benchmark# - Mandatory • 8.1.5: Additional reduction in EPI will be awarded points as mentioned below:

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 8

*For ECBC Mandatory requirements for different building typologies, please refer to Appendix 2 **For Peak heat gain through building envelope calculation methodology, please refer to Appendix 3 # Please refer to Appendix 4 for Residential buildings’ assumption for EPI analysis using ResBuild toolkit & Appendix 5 for EPI modifications for different occupancy schedules in Commercial buildings.

Compliances: • 8.2.1: Submit documentation (narrative, specification sheets, purchase orders – reflecting full quantities) demonstrating compliance with all mandatory requirements of ECBC • 8.2.2: Submit specification sheets and purchase orders to demonstrate that all fans being installed in the project at BEE star rated • 8.2.3: Submit analysis demonstrating that the project complies with the GRIHA Building Envelope Peak Heat Gain Factor thresholds • 8.2.4: Provide documentation (specification sheets & purchase orders) to demonstrate that all outdoor lamps meet the luminous efficacy levels of 75 lumens/watts • 8.2.5: Submit narrative and drawings highlighting the various Energy Conservation Measures incorporated in the project. • 8.2.6: Provide simulation reports (along with I/O file) to demonstrate annual energy consumption and GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 8

reduction vis-a-vis the GRIHA Benchmarks • 8.2.7: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented.

Narrative: Here the main aim of this criteria is to reduce energy demand by obtimizing the electrical fixtures, performance . The electrical fixtures should meet BEE star rated and this is mandatory.

BEE star rating The fans recommended by Griha, source griha picture, source;BEE guide COMPARISON OF FANS OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES; source money control.com

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All the external light fixture

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 8

Criterion 9: Renewable energy utilization Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure incorporation of renewable energy sources in the project.

Maximum Points: 7 Appraisals: • 9.1.1: On-site/Off-site renewable energy system installation to offset a part of the annual energy consumption of internal artificial lighting and HVAC systems as mentioned in the table below:

• 9.1.2: Off-site renewable energy system to offset 100% building energy demand (this appraisal is available for only non-residential buildings) – Mandatory +7 points

Compliances: • 9.2.1: Submit calculations/simulations for renewable energy system sizing & on-site annual energy generation potential • 9.2.2: Submit specification sheets and purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) of the renewable energy system, highlighting the panel performance (as tested under standard test conditions) • 9.2.3: Submit drawings in CAD format to show location of renewable energy systems • 9.2.4: Submit documents supporting off-site generation of energy through renewable energy systems. These may be either: Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) for at least 2 years along with a declaration that the RECs are not being used for any other obligatory requirements and will be purchased every year OR Power Purchase Agreement from the utility for purchase of green power. In the agreement, the address of the particular site must be mentioned • 9.2.5: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 9

Narrative; Natural sources of energy, such as solar, wind, hydropower, tidal energy, ocean thermal, and hydrogen, are all renewable energy sources. The availability of these renewable sources and the minimum impact that it has on environment, is the driving force for increasing use of such renewable sources. Undoubtedly it brings financial benefits to the users after the payback period. But along with the benefits, its operational and maintenance cost should be taken into account. Also such technologies should be user friendly and durable and flexible in longer run. The expertise required to install and maintain the system should be locally available. And the life cycle of such system should be designed along with the requirements to meet the future needs.

Source ; research gate

Above picture is an example of use of renewable energy systems , which is showing how renewable energy is being transferred and how it is being distributed ; for instance the power from the wind mill is passed to the rectifier during the transfer the matrix converter , converts the high quality input to the waveform and then the frequency is increased and then it is passed through the Rectifier it converts the AC to DC nad then is passed to the inverter and then it is passed to the control room

The picture showing the onsite generation system and grid renewable system; source research gate

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 9

Criterion 11: Achieving indoor comfort requirements (visual/thermal/acoustic) Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the building spaces are designed to deliver visual, thermal and acoustical comfort to building occupants.

Maximum Points: 6 Appraisals: â&#x20AC;˘ 11.1.1: Demonstrate compliance with either of the alternatives mentioned â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Partly Mandatory

*For residential typologies, the DA limit is 100 lux #For living area definitions and Living area (weighted) calculations, please refer to Appendix 6

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

• 11.1.2: Artificial lighting design to fall within limits (lower and higher range limits) as recommended space/task specific lighting levels as per NBC** and to meet a minimum uniformity ratio of 0.4 – Mandatory • 11.1.3: Demonstrate that project can achieve the thermal comfort requirements# of NBC 2005 OR ASHRAE 55 OR requirement of Indian Adaptive Comfort Model as mentioned in Appendix 1 – Mandatory • 11.1.4: The indoor noise levels should be within the acceptable limits as specified in NBC 2005 and key noise source on site (like DG sets, chiller plants etc.) should have sufficient acoustic insulation as per NBC 2005 norms - 2 point

Compliances: • 11.2.1: Submit drawings (floor plans, relevant elevations and sections and doors-windows schedule) for the project, detailing various shading devices • 11.2.2: Submit narrative providing overview of compliance with all appraisals of the criteria • 11.2.3: Appraisal 11.1.1 – Alternative 1: Submit calculations detailing the WWR and SRR of the project • 11.2.4: Appraisal 11.1.1 – Alternative 1: Submit calculations demonstrating that all fenestrations comply with either SHGC requirements and/or shading requirements • 11.2.5: Appraisal 11.1.1 – Alternative 1: Submit simulation reports demonstrating that at least 25% (or more) of total living area of project meets daylight factor requirements of SP 41 • 11.2.6: Appraisal 11.1.1 – Alternative 2: Submit simulation reports demonstrating that the total living area (time-weighted) achieves the DA requirements as mentioned • 11.2.7: Submit artificial lighting simulation reports demonstrating that the artificial lighting levels meet the NBC 2005 recommended levels and uniformity of 0.4 • 11.2.8: Submit interior artificial lighting layout drawings ** For indoor artificial lighting levels for residential spaces only, please refer to Appendix 7. # To demonstrate thermal comfort compliance in non-AC spaces/buildings, projects must submit analysis of either TRNSYS or ENERGY PLUS only.

• 11.2.9: Submit simulation reports to demonstrate that thermal comfort conditions as specified in Appraisal 11.1.3 are met in the project • 11.2.10: Submit drawings and narratives highlighting various measures adopted to meet indoor noise levels of NBC 2005 and to limit noise from noise sources mentioned in Appraisal 11.1.4 • 11.2.11: Submit specification sheets, purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) and BOQ of relevant GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

products used in building to meet Appraisals 11.1.1 – 11.1.4 including but not limited to the following: • Glass specifications • Interior lamps and luminaires • Thermal insulation • Acoustic insulation • 11.2.12: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

Narrative: The main aim of this criteria is to achieve the thermal, acoustical and visual comfort for the occupant well being , through the building envelop design and fenestration design and the building orientation and the landscape features for the thermal comfort , through avoiding glare and allowing positive day light into the building for visual comfort , through insulations for acoustical comfort. This is done because if the occupant is comfortable then he is healthy , if he is healthy then the work efficiency increases.

Source ISHRAE

Indoor environment quality factors and their parameters; source; energy 2019

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

Thermal comfort: •

• •

Thermal comfort is “that state of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment “. Thermal comfort comprises parameters, such as temperature, humidity, and air velocity as shown in the above table. The thermal comfort parameters can be controlled via heating, cooling and air conditioning systems. All of the technologies controlling thermal comfort are slow-reacting technologies, meaning their adaptation to requirements (e.g., new air temperature) takes some time. SOURCE;ASHRAE 55

The above chart shows the standards for the thermal comfort level

Methods of achieving the thermal comfort: Doing the solar analysis for the window for obtainaing thecorrect size and shape of the shading device This analysis can be done using revit or sun shadow calculator softwares,

This is an example of solar analysis done to obtain correct size of shading device.SOURCE; www.drbaumresearch.com

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

VISUAL COMFORT: • • •

•

“The subjective condition of visual well-being induced by the visual environment”. A well-designed lighting system must provide adequate illumination to ensure safety and enable movement, contribute to visual comfort and facilitate visual performance and color perception. Monitored parameters include quantitative physical measures of the luminous environment (illuminance, luminance, daylight provision and glare) and qualitative aspects of vision (distribution, uniformity, color rendering, the spectral composition of radiation). A significant part of the illumination of spaces should be provided by daylight with daylight openings, which provide a view to the outside, contributing to the psychological well-being of the occupants Source; from nbc

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

ACOUSTIC COMFORT: •

Acoustic comfort is often understood to be a situation where there is an acceptable level of noise. However, the perception of sound is a much more complex issue, that depends not only on sound intensity and its temporal and spectral features, but also on the activity of a person, state of mind, and expectations among other factors.

•

Noise can be defined as “the sound occurring within the frequency range of the human hearing which disturbs silence or an intended sound perception and results in annoyance or endangers the health”. Sound can be defined as a wave motion from a sound-producing object. It varies according to frequency and pressure.

STANDARDS FOR THE ACOUSTIC COMFORT; SOURCE : ISHRAE

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 11

Insulation techniques: source; acoustical surfaces

The acoustics can be analysed using stimulations by Revit

Example is shown below,

Detail of the insulation; source; civilengineers.com

Insulation is helping to reduce noise level; source; acoustics

Example is shown below,

Detail of the insulation (ceiling); sourceiKoustic.com

Example is shown below,

Detail of the insulation (flooring); source sound deck

Example is shown below,

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

Example is shown below,

CRITERION 11

Criterion 12: Maintaining good IAQ Intent: Maintenance of good indoor air quality is imperative for ensuring healthy living conditions for the building occupants. The intent of this criterion is to ensure design and monitoring of ventilation systems such that indoor air quality meets the minimum requirements, as recommended in the standards.

Maximum Points: 4 Non-applicability: Appraisal 12.1.1 is not applicable for non-AC spaces/residential spaces with operable windows

Appraisals: • 12.1.1: Meet the minimum requirements of • CPCB National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)for quality of fresh air; and •

ASHRAE Standard 62.1–2010, Sections 4–7, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (with errata), or a NBC-2005 for quantity of fresh air – 2 points • The clause shall cover treatment of outdoor air for predominantly PM 10 and PM 2.5

• 12.1.2: Monitoring the CO2, temperature and RH at the occupied spaces or at AHUs for the air conditioned spaces – 2 points

Compliances: • 12.2.1: Submit documentation detailing the specifications of the filtration system to demonstrate that fresh air quality meet the minimum requirements of CPCB NAAQS • 12.2.2: Submit space by space sheet Heat Load Sheet highlighting provision of sufficient fresh air in the HVAC system design as per the ASHRAE 62.1 or NBC 2005 norms • 12.2.3: Submit drawings (floor plans and/or HVAC system plans) highlighting the location of various CO2, temperature and RH sensors • 12.2.4: Submit specification sheets and purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) for the filters and sensors installed in the project • 12.2.5: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented. Narrative: The aim of this criteria is tio ensure good air quality inside the building, for the occupant well being, This can be done through the design and monitering of the ventilation systems.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 12

Why IAQ is necessary? Indoor air quality is linked to health of the occupants • IAQ is an important concern – both rural and urban •US EPA pointed out that indoor air pollution poses a greater risk than outdoor air pollution - people spend 80-90% of their time indoors (Yu and Browers, 2013) • Carbon based gaseous pollutants (VOCs) indoors could be 2 to 5 times higher than outdoors • Presence of air pollutants in indoor environment a global issue due to adverse effects on human health (Tsakas, Siskos and Siskos, 2011) • Indoor air pollution - ranked among the top five environmental health risks to the public by EPA. • Indoor air pollution – one of the top 10 death, disease risk factors – India Pollutants & Sources Source, TERI

IAQ AND HEALTH Source, TERI

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 12

STANDARDS OF IAQ Source, TERI

STRATEGIES There are three basic strategies to impeove indoor air quality, they are; 1.source control 2.improved ventillation 3.air cleaners 1.SOURCE CONTROL It is the most affective way to improve indoor air quality by elminating sources of pollution And reduce their emission. For example : sources like asbestos, can be sealed or enclosed, others like gas stoves can be Adjusted to decrease the amount of emissions.

2. IMPROVED VENTILLATION Ventillation can help control indoor tempretaures and also remove or dilute indoor airbone pollutants coming for from indoor sources, this reduces the level of contaminants and improve indoor air quality GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 12

•introduction of outdoor air is one of the important factor in proofing good air quality, air may enter the space through several ways I.through natural ventilation by doors and windows Ii.through mechanical means by hvac system Iii.through infilteration, aprocess by which outdoor air flows into the house through openings joints and cracks in the wall etc

3. AIR CLEANERS the most effective way to improve indooor air is to reduced or remove the pollutants using a portable air cleanser can help to improve indoor air quality .

MATERIAL SUITABLE FOR THIS From an indoor air quality perspective, the designer should generally seek to select materials that: •require the use of the least toxic, low-voc, water-based adhesives and coatings constituents; •emit little or no odor; •are easy to clean and maintain; and •are not susceptible to moisture damage that can foster mold growth.

Walls and ceiling materials • Acoustical wall and ceiling systems are widely used in schools for sound dampening. • A variety of products are available including modular wall panels (textile and metal-covered), suspended ceiling tiles (t-bar ceilings), and surface mounted ceiling and wall panels. • Ceiling tile (usually in a t-bar ceiling) is the most common ceiling finish in schools. • Because of the large ceiling surface area, the likelihood of its being disturbed during modifications/renovations, and its contact with hvac systems, it is an important product to consider for air quality and materials efficiency. GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 12

COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT AIR CLEANERS

IAQ strategies source; larry and sons

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 12

Criterion 14: Use of low-flow fixtures and systems Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure reduction in the building water consumption through the use of low flow fixtures.

Maximum Points: 4 Non-applicability: All faucets, which are installed in spaces with water head heights less than 5 m / 17 feet, in a gravity fed systems (without pressure reduction) are exempt from calculations in this criterion.

Appraisals: • 14.1.1: Reduce water demand through selection of low-flow fixtures by 30% below the GRIHA base case – Mandatory • 14.1.2: Reduce water demand through selection of low-flow fixtures by 50% below the GRIHA base case – 2 points • 14.1.3: Reduce water demand through selection of low-flow fixtures by 70% below the GRIHA base case – 4 points

Compliances: • 14.2.1: Provide calculations demonstrating compliance with Appraisals 14.1.1 – 14.1.3 • 14.2.2: Submit specification sheets from manufacturers for each fixture indicating the flow rates (at design pressure of 45 psi for faucets) • 14.2.3: Submit purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) for the low-flow fixtures used in the project • 14.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented. Narrative: The fixtures play an important role in determining the water quantity been used, hence smart fixtures play a role here , they use high water pressure technique to control the amount of water been used, through these fixtures we can control the rate of flow , and if we compare these type of fixtures with the traditional one then the water, consumed through these fixtures is less. For example, while normal taps have a usual consumption of 15 to 18 litres per minute, low-flow models can use as little as 2 litres per minute.These can be achieved in the following ways: • These can be done by • Install faucet flow aerators • Flow restrictors GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

• • • •

Install low-flow shower heads Install low-flow pre-rinse spray valves Replace faucets Replace toilets/urinals

The following are the ways in which we can reduce water consumption, Sr.no

Type

Install faucet flow aerators

Definition • • •

Install lowflow shower heads

• •

Install lowflow prerinse spray valves

•

Replace faucets

•

Replace toilets/urinals

•

Sinks:

•

Gallons of water used

Water Sense faucet aerators deliver a mixture of water and air to reduce flow rates. They can cost less than a dollar each and can be screwed on to most existing sink faucets. The appropriate flow rate for each faucet will depend on the intended use of the faucet These fixtures, similar to lowflow toilets, had to go through several design. And since the units reduce the flow of hot water, they generate additional energy savings in water heating. Food service establishments use roughly 51 billion gallons of water a year rinsing dishes with pre-rinse spray valves. That is equivalent to one third of the water used in commercial kitchens.

•

Picture

Handwashing ~ 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) Bathing and Dishwashing ~ 1.5 GPM

low-flow showerheads have reduced flow rates, from as high as 7.5 gpm to less that 2.5 gpm •

Install Automatic Faucets Automatic faucets are equipped with a battery orsolar powered motion sensor that opens the faucet valve in response to thepresence of a hand in close proximity. Public bathrooms with high volume hand washing can benefit greatly frommotion sensing technologies as they cannot be left on for extended periods. Low-Flow Tank Toilets Tank toilets operate using gravity from a raised tank to dispense water and flush out waste. Some tank toilets are equipped with a dual-flush valve, which allows for a full flush as well as a reduced flush.

•

Simple aerators can be installed on many faucets to reduce the amount of water coming out.

•

Water Sense labeled pre-rinse spray valves (1.28 GPM) use 20 percent less water than federal standard, with no performance sacrifices. When replacing faucets, always look for the Water Sense label, ensuring amaximum flow rate of 1.5 GPM.

Water Sense labeled low-flow tank toilets are independently certified to remove at least 350 grams of solid waste while using no more than 1.28 gallons per flush (GPF). They can cut water use by up to 75%, which can provide a quick payback.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

Low-flow flushometer toilets

•

LOW-FLOW URINALS

• • •

Waterless Urinals

•

Flushometer toilets operate using water pressure from the supply system rather than gravity from the tank. Flushometer toilets are also available in dual-flush models, which allow different flow rate options for solid and liquid waste. Existing toilets can be fitted with a dual flush conversion device. One drawback to flushometer toilets is they require considerable water pressure to function effectively. Before installing, determine if your water supply system is equipped to handle the project. A single employee could flush a urinal 780 times in a year. Water Sense labeled flushing urinals use no more than 0.5 GPF. Replacing just one older, inefficient urinal with a Water Sense certified urinal could result in savings of 4,600 gallons per year in a typical office building.

•

Older models use as much as 3-7 gallons of water per flush, while newer Water Sense certified models use between 1.28 and 1.6 GPF.

•

Ultra-efficient urinals have recently entered the marketplace that use a mere pint per flush, resulting in an 87 percent reduction in water use whencompared with a federal standard urinal (1.0 gpf ).

Waterless urinals use cartridges filled with a liquid sealant to create a fluid and odor barrier between the sanitary sewage and the bathroom environment, eliminating the need for flush water and reducing operating costs. Most waterless urinals require the cartridges to be replaced four times per year.

Dual-flush models provide two options for flushing; • The liquid waste option - consumes 0.8-1.1 gpf, • The solid waste option -consumes 1.3-1.6 gpf • Pressure-assist toilets push water and waste down the drain with a pressurization system and use roughly 0.8-1 gpf. • Use of Wash sink – Flush system. • Use IAMPO certified water efficient products • .An average flush consumes 3.5 gallons (15.9liters) of water.

The following are the comparison between different commodes, Sr.no.

Type

Brand

Size

Carat

Cera

50 x 36 x 35 cm

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

Star rated Yes

Catalogue no. -

Water consumption per flush reduces by 30%

Picture

CRITERION 15

Terrace

Kohler 38 x 55 x 32.5 cm

4.2/2.1liters

Mario Cistern

Hind ware

yes

20069

2/4liters

53.5 x 38 x 37 cm

Conclusion: Carat by Cera and Mario by Hindware would be more efficient in use in our space as both reduces water consumption by approximately 81%. Comparison between different Urinals: Choose between waterless and low-flowmodels. These rely on gravity. Use IAMPO certified water efficient products Sr.no.

Type

Brand

Aquafree Hindware Waterless Urinal

Flow sensor urinal

Hindware

Size

Star rated 31.5 x yes 33 x 60 cm

Catalogue no. 60017

29.5 x no 32.5 x 57.5 cm

60021

Picture

Comparison between different sinks:

1. 2. • •

On an average faucet consumes 6.8 litres- 8 litres per minute. Aerators to be installed. Use of touch-less faucet. Use IAMPO certified water efficient products. Sr.no. Type 1. Eurodisc Cosmopolitan single lever basin

Brand Grohe

Size mixer ½” Ssize

Cera

Sensor tap (with control box)

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

Picture

CRITERION 15

Some of the varieties of the low fixture systems taken from griha catalogue ; source;griha

To calculate % of reduction in water usage; number of fixtures x flow rate of full flow x anticipated no. of usage per day Design case = number of fixtures x flow rate of water efficient flow x anticipated number of usages per day

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

Criterion 15: Reducing landscape water demand Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote the planting of native/naturalized flora and use of water efficient irrigation system to reduce the demand for landscape water.

Maximum Points: 4 Appraisals: • 15.1.1: Reduce landscape water demand by at least 30% from the GRIHA base case – 1 point • 15.1.2: Reduce landscape water demand by at least 40% from the GRIHA base case – 2 points • 15.1.3: Reduce landscape water demand by at least 50% from the GRIHA base case – 4 points

Compliances: • 15.2.1: Provide calculations demonstrating compliance with Appraisals 15.1.1 – 15.1.3 • 15.2.2: Submit landscape plan indicating plant list, along with area covered and species • 15.2.3: Submit manufacturer cut-sheets and purchase orders (reflecting full quantities) for the irrigation systems installed on site • 15.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented.

Narrative: The criteria aim for conservation of water and energy through creative landscaping and various irrigation methods which reduces waste of water and to use the native flora fauna. The ideas for same can be looked back in traditional methods, also the operational cost and maintenance of adapted one needs to be considered along with its durability and efficiency.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

Strategies: • • • •

Drip irrigation Use of native species of shrubs and trees having low water demand in landscaping Low lawn areas so as to reduce water demand Reuse of treated water for irrigation Reduce water use in building

Comparison between different irrigation systems Drip irrigation Definatio Drip irrigation is a type n of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface.

Sprinker irrigation Surface irrigation Micro irrigation Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers s o that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground.

Surface irrigation is where water is applied and distributed over the soil surface by gravity.

Micro-irrigation, also called localized irrigation, low volume irrigation, lowflow irrigation, or trickle irrigation, is an irrigation metho d with lower pressure and flow than a traditional sprinkler system.

PICTORIAL REPRESEN -TATION

SELECTIO N

Because this saves more water

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

Some of the native plant list of Bangalore: Sr no 1

Plant name Abrus precatorius

Abutilon indicum

Acacia auriculiformis

Acacia torta

Acacia concinna

Picture

6. Aristolochia indica 7. Calotropis gigantea

8. Cassia auriculata 9. Cassia occidentalis 10. Cassia torta NATIVE FLORA LIST OF KARNATAKA

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 15

Criterion 16: Water Quality Intent: Ensuring quality of water available for use during building operation is important from two perspectives – overall hygiene for building occupants as well as longevity of plumbing systems. It is also important to ensure that the water being discharged from the site meets the relevant disposal norms. The intent of this criterion is to ensure that the water being used in the project meets the relevant national standards.

Maximum Points: 2 Non-applicability: If the total waste water generated on site is less than 10 kLD, then the project is exempt from appraisal 16.1.2 and 17.1.1.

Appraisals: • 16.1.1: Water used for various purposes like drinking, irrigation etc. shall conform to the BIS standards - Mandatory • 16.1.2: The STP installed on site meets the CPCB norms – 2 points

Compliances: • 16.2.1: Submit potable water quality, treated waste water and captured rainwater quality test reports from various sources before and after treatment (if required) - from an NABL accredited laboratory on the quality of potable water • 16.2.2: Submit narrative (including capacity of water treatment) of the type of treatment plant installed on site along with plumbing drawings of the system • 16.2.3: Submit the specification details indicating the capacity and components of the water treatment plant along with drawings (product details from the manufacturer) • 16.2.4: Submit document indicating the quantum of treated water generated along with the use/disposal steps • 16.2.5: Submit narrative on disposal and reuse of other by-products such as sludge • 16.2.6: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 16

Narrative: The roots of this criteria lie during the selection of site for the project itself, by checking if the portable water is available for occupants or not. This directly relates to social aspect of sustainability. The water quality becomes important, for the health of to occupant and if the health of the occupant is good then the productivity becomes good. But this can be achieved by the longevity of plumbing systems and quality of the water being used and how well it is disposed so that it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t cause pollution. And the water quality has to meet standards.

These include: (1) Collection ; (2) Screening and Straining ; (3) Chemical Addition ; (4) Coagulation and Flocculation ; (5) Sedimentation and Clarification ; (6) Filtration ; (7) Disinfection ; (8) Storage ; (9) and finally Distribution.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 16

The following is the BIS standards for drinking water.

The STP installed should meet CPCB norms

Source; CPCB norms

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 16

Criterion 17: On-site water reuse Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote recycle and reuse of waste water as well as reuse of captured rainwater on site to meet the water demand, thereby reducing the water required from the local municipal supply/groundwater aquifers.

Maximum Points: 5 Appraisals: • 17.1.1: Demonstrate that the project meets the on-site water reuse requirements (through on-site recycle and reuse of waste water and use of on-site harvested rainwater) in its annual water requirements for domestic use, buildings, landscape and utilities as mentioned below:

Compliances: • 17.2.1: Submit calculations (Water Balance) demonstrating the total quantity of water treated and harvested and the amount being used for different applications including use within the building and irrigation and that which is recharged into underground aquifers • 17.2.2: Submit drawings detailing the dual plumbing systems and/or treated waste water storage tanks and/or rainwater capture and storage tanks on site • 17.2.3: Submit site level plumbing drawings indicating delivery lines for treated waste water and captured rainwater to their respective points of use • 17.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

Narrative: •

The criteria mainly deals with treating waste water before its disposal in order to reduce stress on the main sewer and the by-products like sludge can be reused.

•

While locating such treatment plants on site its impact on immediate context as well as on the biodiversity on the site should be checked. Along with it the operational and maintenance cost in comparison to the amount of water being treated daily or annually should be checked.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 17

Water reuse—the use of treated wastewater, or “reclaimed” water, for beneficial purposes such as drinking, irrigation, or industrial uses—is one option that has helped some communities significantly expand their water supplies.

We can use the Root zone treatment plant As the root zone waste water treatment system makes use of biological and physical-treatment processes to remove pollutants from wastewater. Due to its natural process, there is no need to add any input such as chemicals, mechanical pumps or external energy. This reduces both the maintenance and energy costs. The difference between conventional water treatment plant and root zone treatment plant

Conventional Water Treatment Plant

Root Zone Treatment Plant

A lot of sewage aeration tanks powered with mechanical energy do not work because of power cuts, technical problems and poor maintenance

By its treatment and construction features dewats is designed to limit operation and maintenance requirements and in the same to ensure high treatment standards even for shock loads

Requires lot of external energy

Minimal need for external energy

Pumps needed

Using gravity instead of pumps, avoiding valves

Regular maintenance required

Zero maintenance

High operating costs low operating costs GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 17

Root zone treatment plant Source; www.ecoideaz,com

Process of root zone treatment plant Source; www.ecoideaz,com system

Crossection of the root zone treatment plant system Source; description

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 17

Criterion 18: Rainwater Recharge Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote the recharge of groundwater aquifers.

Maximum Points: 2 Non-applicability: If the CGWB norms suggest that the ground water table is high and ground water recharging should not be done, then the project is exempt from this criterion

Appraisals: • 18.1.1: Recharge of surplus rainwater into aquifer (through appropriate filtration measures) – 2 points

Compliances: • 18.2.1: Submit details of rainwater harvesting for ground water recharge and its filtration system to show that adequate preventive measures are being taken to avoid damage to the aquifer by the recharged rainwater • 18.2.2: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

Narrative: Treating waste water from the building and reusing same for landscape or flushing helps in saving a large amount of portable water, which again brings financial savings on water bills along with conserving water as an important depleting resource. This criterion also includes storing or recharging of rain water and using it in periods of shortage during the year.

This picture shows how the rainwater can be harvested and this recharges the ground water

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 18

Rain water recharge: Groundwater recharge is the enhancement of natural ground water supplies using man-made conveyances such as infiltration basins, trenches, dams, or injection wells.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The water received on the rooftops are collected using split pipes and downpipes. The downpipe is provided with a valve to regulate the rain water collected. The rainwater collected in the first couple rains is flushed out by regulating the valve Rainwater collected is allowed to flow into a filter unit. This water is then filtered through filter media. The filter media consists of sand, charcoal to filter the rainwater. This filtered water is recharged into open well/ bore well

Sand, through which wastewater flows relatively slow, is typically used for single-pass filters. Gravel is typically used for recirculating filters which can accept larger amounts of wastewater than single-pass sand filters Charcoal filter can be made in-situ or in a drum. Pebbles, gravel, sand and charcoal as shown in the figure should fill the drum or chamber. Each layer should be separated by wire mesh. Thin layer of charcoal is used to absorb odor if any This filter can be made by PVC pipe of 1 to 1.20 m length; Diameter of pipe depends on the area of roof. Six inches dia. pipe is enough for a 1500 Sq. Ft. roof and 8 inches dia. pipe should be used for roofs more then 1500 Sq. Ft. Pipe is divided into three compartments by wire mesh. PVCPipe filter GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

Sand gravel filter

Charcoal filter

PVC pipe filter

CRITERION 18

Criterion 19: Utilization of BIS recommended waste materials in building structure Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote use BIS recommended wastes (such as fly ash, blast furnace slag etc.), having properties similar to conventional construction materials for building construction. These being low embodied energy materials as well as waste products, reduce the need for virgin materials in the building structure and help divert waste from landfills.

Maximum Points: 6 Appraisals: • 19.1.1 Minimum 15% replacement of Ordinary Portland cement with fly ash* by weight of cement used in structural concrete – 1 point • If replacement is more than 25% - 2 points • 19.1.2 Minimum 40% composition of building blocks/bricks by fly ash* by volume, for 100% load bearing and non-load bearing masonry walls – 2 points • 19.1.3 Certify minimum 15% replacement of Ordinary Portland cement with fly ash* in plaster/masonry mortar – 1 point • If replacement is more than 25% - 2 points Compliances: • • • • • • • • •

19.2.1: Submit documentation (calculations, manufactures cut-sheets & purchase orders – reflecting full quantities) demonstrating 15% (or higher) replacement of OPC in structural concrete by fly ash* 19.2.2: Submit documentation (calculations, manufactures cut-sheets & purchase orders – reflecting full quantities) demonstrating that fly ash* constitutes at least 40% of load bearing and non-load bearing walls (by volume of materials) 19.2.3: Submit documentation (calculations, manufactures cut-sheets & purchase orders – reflecting full quantities) demonstrating 15% (or higher) replacement of OPC in plaster and/or masonry mortar by fly ash* 19.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

* or any BIS recommended waste

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 19

Narrative: The main aim of this criterion is to use the sustainable building materials which are construction materials such as fly ash , so that the need for the virgin material decreases , and it reduces the waste . Why to use waste materials ?

Pictorial representation o benefits of using waste materials in construction; source; research gate

Benefit of using fly ash over ordinary Portland cement • • • • • • • •

Being a pozzolanic, it can actually replace a part of Portland cement Results in more durable concrete High ultimate strength Improves workability Improves cost economy of concrete Reduction in heat of hydration Decreases density of concrete More environment friendly concrete

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

source; civilengineers.com

CRITERION 19

Advantages of fly ash bricks compared to clay bricks 1. They are light in weight and hence are very suitable for multi-floored buildings 2. Fly ash bricks absorb less heat and considering the Indian climate, it makes it better when compared to clay bricks. 3. From the cost front, it requires less mortar during construction.

4. The compressive strength is very high and they are less porous. They absorb less water and saves cost there, as well. 5. It is environmentally friendly and hence allows your business to take a step towards sustainable development. Q-Green machines are green machines too, that promote environmental protection and conservation. Production of fly ash bricks requires no fossil fuel and hence does not lead to the emission of greenhouse gases.

6. Production of clay bricks damages the top-soil and this is prevented in the manufacturing process of fly ash bricks. There is no pollution or environmental damage, as a result of which it has been put into the white category of products. 7. Fly ash bricks are stronger, more uniform and denser as compared to clay bricks. While their mortar consumption is low, their wastage is only about 1% as against that of clay bricks which are about 10%.

â&#x20AC;˘

Comparison between red brick and flyash brick ; source; north engineering

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 19

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 19

Criterion 20: Reduction in embodied energy of building structure Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote reduction in the embodied energy of the building structure through the use of low-embodied energy materials.

Maximum Points: 4 Appraisals: • 20.1.1: Demonstrate reduction in combined embodied energy of load-bearing structure and masonry walls by at least 10% below the base case – 1 point • 20.1.2: Demonstrate reduction in combined embodied energy of load-bearing structure and masonry walls by at least 20% below the base case – 2 points • 20.1.3: Demonstrate reduction in combined embodied energy of load-bearing structure and masonry walls by at least 30% below the base case – 4 points Base Case: RCC structure with burnt clay brick masonry. The live load, equipment load and spans between the design and the base case should be same. The total length of masonry walls between design and base case should be same.

Compliances: • 20.2.1: Submit calculations (through software output files recommended) demonstrating reduction in embodied energy as per Appraisal 20.1.1 – 20.1.3 • 20.2.2: Submit manufacturer cut-sheets of the low-energy materials used in building structure and masonry walls • 20.2.3: Submit CAD drawings highlighting the use of low embodied energy materials in the relevant floor plans, with clear dimensioning • 20.2.4: Submit purchase orders (reflecting full quantity) and relevant sections of the BOQ highlighting the low-energy materials used • 20.2.5: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 20

Narrative: The aim of this criteria is to reduce the total embodied energy of the building through the use of light weight materials, like AAC blocks etc. What is embodied energy of a building? Embodied Energy as the energy required to construct and maintain the campus, for example, in reinforced concrete construction, the energy required to quarry the coarse and fine aggregate, transport them to site, lay them, plaster them and (if necessary) paint and re-plaster over the life of the respective element. It depends upon the thermal conductivity of the material

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT MASONRY MATERIALS

Source; IJIRAE: Impact Factor Value â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SJIF: Innospace, Morocco (2015): 3.361 | PIF: 2.469 | Jour Info: 4.085 | Index Copernicus 2014 = 6.57

It is observed from the above analysis that the SMB block has the least embodied energy and has been ranked one and the AAC block has been ranked 2, AAC block have the least thermal conductivity, so the SMB material is the most energy efficient but here if we compare it to the lifespan then AAC blocks would be the most energy efficient material with light weight . AAC block is the least weight material compared to all the 6.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 20

Source;griha catalogue

The above are the variety of AAC blocks , Which can be used for construction.

AAC walls can be used for the construction , which will reduce the overall weight and it has the lowest embodied energy and is the most efficient material. Calculation: Embodied energy is measured as the quantity of non-renewable energy per unit of building material, component or system. It is expressed in megajoules (MJ) or gigajoules (GJ) per unit weight (kg or tonne) or area (m2) but the process of calculating embodied energy is complex and involves numerous sources of data.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 20

Criterion 22: Avoided post-construction landfill Intent: The intent of this criterion is to provide infrastructure to future occupants of the project so that they can sustainably manage on-site solid waste during operation phase.

Maximum Points: 4 Appraisals: • 22.1.1: Provide infrastructure (multi-coloured dustbins/different garbage chutes) to building occupants to ensure segregation of waste at source • 22.1.2: Provide dedicated, segregated and hygienic storage spaces in the project site to store different wastes before treatment /recycling • 22.1.3: Provide contractual tie-ups with waste recyclers for safe recycling for recyclable wastes like metal, paper, plastic, glass etc. Together – 4 points

Compliances: • 22.2.1: Submit the Solid Waste Management plan for the project – detailing the sizing of segregated waste storage facilities, strategy for primary and secondary collection and storage. • 22.2.2:Submit site plan indicating location of various primary (multi-coloured dustbins) and secondary storage facilities • 22.2.3: Submit document highlighting tie-up with recyclers for ensuring safe recycling of recyclable wastes • 22.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

Narrative: The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the environment and the health of the population. Rubbish and waste can cause air and water pollution. ... Waste collection companies also sort the garbage into recyclable columns, as recycling the products that leave our homes is of utmost importance This can be achieved in the following ways: •

To REDUCE the amount of waste we produce.

•

To REUSE resources or pass them to others to do so.

•

To RECYCLE by segregating materials which cannot be reused.

•

To RECOVER energy from materials which can’t be recycled.

•

To LANDFILL resources only as a last resort.

Waste management hierarchy The management of waste described in this procedure should follow the waste manageme nt hierarchy options listed below in order of priority: • Avoid • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle • Recover • Landfill Avoid Possible to look for opportunities to avoid unnecessary consumption and generating controlled wastes. Waste avoidance can be achieved through behaviors such as: • Avoiding disposable goods and single use materials; • Avoiding the use of hazardous substances in preference for non‐hazardous substances; • Avoid disturbing contaminated soils where practicable; and • Education of workforce on waste avoidance.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

For example, avoid putting contaminated materials into recycling bins which could result in the entire contents of the bin becoming contaminated and no longer suitable for recycling. Reduce Possible opportunities to reduce waste should be identified prior to the procurement of equipment and materials. Waste reduction can be achieved through behaviors such as: • Identification and segregation of re‐usable materials; • Procure products with longer life cycles; • Use products with recyclable or reusable packaging; • Print double sided paper; and • Education of workforce on waste reduction. For example, the purchase of supplies in bulk to minimize packaging waste. Reuse Possible, reuse materials in preference to purchasing new materials. This can be achieved by behaviors such as: • Reuse excess fill from other projects for your project avoiding purchasing new fill and saving on landfill charges for the other project; • Use rechargeable batteries; • Purchase recycled office materials; and • Education of workforce on waste stream segregation. For example, collect and reuse pallets, form work and concrete boxing Recycle Possible, waste material suitable for recycling will be collected and segregated. This can be achieved by: • Identification and segregation of recyclable materials; • Placement of designated recycling bins in appropriate locations; and • Education of workforce on recycling. GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

For example, collection of used cardboard packaging, plastics, cans and bottles for recycling. Recover Where further recycling is not feasible, it may be possible to recover the energy from the material and feed that back into the economy where this is acceptable to the community. For example, waste insulating oil used in the process of making cement

Landfill Finally, the waste hierarchy recognises that some types of waste, such as hazardous chemicals or asbest os, cannot be safely recycled and direct treatment or disposal is the most appropriate management option.

EG Breaking A SPACE into parts and providing recycling points with clearly labelled bins for each. 1. Office 2. Kitchen 3. Bathroom 4. Print Room

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

ORGANIC

PAPER

PLASTIC

GLASS

METAL

Colour coding can be done for dustbins GARBAGE CHUTE source; green india garbage chute brochure

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

Criterion 23: Treat organic waste on site Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote recycling and reuse of organic waste on site.

Maximum Points: 2 Non-applicability: If the total waste generation on site is less than 100 kg/day, then the project is exempt from this criterion.

Appraisals: • 23.1.1 Implement strategies to treat all organic (kitchen and landscape) waste on-site and to convert it into a resource (manure, biogas etc.) - 2 points

Compliances: • 23.2.1: Submit narrative detailing the design and sizing of the on-site waste treatment strategy and highlight method of reuse on site • 23.2.2: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

Narrative: The main aim of this criteria is to treat the organic waste and use it again, and use that organic waste as the energy or manure etc,it can be done in many ways few ways are explained below,

What is organic waste ? • •

The material comes from the once living units, such as animals, plants and microorganisms. Organic wastes can refer to the residue of plants, animals and microbes, or waste materials naturally generated from all living things.

Types of treatment Compost • • • • •

Treatment Method: Fermentation. Treatment Time: 3~6 months. End Product: Soil Conditioner. Requirement: Huge site, constantly re-pile (Manpower or Machine). Disadvantages: Bad smell, space & time. carbon lose.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

Compost type of treatment: Source; Yes-Sun Environmental Biotech

Fast Fermentation • • • • •

Treatment Method: Microbes decomposition. Treatment Time: 24~72 Hours + 1~3 months storage before use. End Product: Months of storage required before use. Requirements: Storage area, cannot treat big size and high salt & oil content wastes. Disadvantages: Bad smell, space, energy consumption

Composting-free Technology • • • •

Treatment Method: Enzymes reaction. Treatment Time: 1~3 hours. End products: High quality organic fertilizer. Requirement: Enzymes, equipment

Biogas • Treatment Method: Anaerobic bacteria decompose. • Treatment Time: 7~14 Days. • End Products: Methane and sludge (treatment required). • Requirement: Highly sealed tanks, large area. • Disadvantages: high construction and maintenance cost, large area for facilitie

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

Bio digestor plant source; Ekandanta enterprises

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 22

Criterion 24: Labour safety and sanitation Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure safe, healthy and hygienic working & living conditions for construction workers working in the project. Maximum Points: 1 Non-applicability : If no families are allowed to work and live at construction sites, then appraisal 24.1.3 is not applicable

Appraisals: • 24.1.1: Ensure compliance with the NBC (2005) safety norms for providing the necessary safety equipment and measures for construction workers – Mandatory • 24.1.2: Ensure provisions for drinking water, hygienic working & living conditions and sanitation facilities shall be provided for the workers – Mandatory • 24.1.3: Provide a crèche facility for children of construction workers – 1 point Compliances: • 24.2.1: Submit relevant sections of tender document showing that the conditions mentioned in Appraisal 24.1.1 and 24.1.2 are required to be implemented by the contractor during construction on site. • 24.2.2: Submit test reports demonstrating that the drinking water provided to workers meets the relevant BIS drinking water norms • 24.2.3: Submit narrative on provision of crèche facility for children of construction workers • 24.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 24

Narrative: the main aim of this criteria is to ensure labour safety , and hygienic conditions,

➢ Following measures can be taken •

While engaging persons for the job the supervisor should check up and make sure that they are skilled in the particular job they have to perform.

•

The helmets shall be worn properly and at all times during the work and shall conform to the accepted standards

•

The welders and gas cutters shall be equipped with proper protective equipment like gloves, safety boots, aprons and hand shields [see accepted standard 7(15)]. The filter glass of the hand shield shall conform to the accepted standards [7(16)] and should be suitable to the eyes of the particular worker

•

When the work is in progress, the area shall be cordoned off by barricades to prevent persons from hitting against structural components, or falling into excavated trenches or getting injured by falling objects

•

Warning signs shall be displayed where necessary to indicate hazards, for example (a) ‘440 VOLTS’, (b) ‘DO NOT SMOKE’, (c) ‘MEN WORKING AHEAD’, etc. Hand lamps shall be of low voltage preferably 24 V to prevent electrical hazards

•

All electrically operated hand tools shall be provided with double earthing

•

Split-end eye anchors shall only be used in good, solid rock

•

Anchors for guys or ties shall be checked for proper placement.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 24

Following are the NBC 2005 measures ➢ Site layout which enables accessibility in adverse weather. ➢ Adequate protected storage for weather sensitive materials/equipments ➢ Protections to personnel from extreme hot/ control conditions. d) Scheduling to allow maximization of outdoor activities during fair weather conditions. ➢ Special design and construction provisions for activities in extreme temperature conditions like hot or cold weather concreting, staple of false work in extreme wind conditions ➢ Adequate lighting for shorter days in winter/ night work. ➢ Design for early enclosure ➢ Easy access and exit, with proper parking of vehicle and equipments during construction. ➢ Properly located material stores for easy handling and storage. ➢ Adequate stack areas for bulk construction materials. ➢ Optimum location of plants and equipments (batching plants, etc). ➢ Layout of temporary services (water, power, power suppression unit, hoists, cranes, elevators, etc). ➢ Adequate yard lighting and lighting for night shifts. ➢ Temporary buildings; site office and shelter for workforce with use of non-combustible materials as far as possible including emergency medical aids. ➢ Roads for vehicular movement with effective drainage plan ➢ Construction safety with emergency access and evacuations and security measures. ➢ Fabrication yards for reinforcement assembly, concrete precasting and shuttering materials. ➢ Fencing, barricades and signages ➢ Easy access and exit, with proper parking of vehicle and equipments during construction. ➢ Properly located material stores for easy handling and storage. ➢ Adequate stack areas for bulk construction materials. ➢ Optimum location of plants and equipments (batching plants, etc). ➢ Layout of temporary services (water, power, power suppression unit, hoists, cranes, elevators, etc ➢ Adequate yard lighting and lighting for night shifts. g) Temporary buildings; site office and shelter for workforce with use of non-combustible materials as far as possible including emergency medical aids ➢ Roads for vehicular movement with effective drainage plan. ➢ Construction safety with emergency access and evacuations and security measures. ➢ Fabrication yards for reinforcement assembly, concrete precasting and shuttering materials. ➢ Fencing, barricades and signages ➢ Each project affects the safety and health of the workmen and surroundings during construction. Various activities having impact on health, safety and environment need to be identified with their likely effect and proposed preventive corrective actions, together with the concerned statutory obligations. The system planned for health, safety and environment shall address and cover the above including use of personnel protective equipments by all concerned, and reporting 10 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA on their monitoring and controls during project implementation.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 24

Criterion 25: Design for Universal Accessibility

Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote adoption of measures in the project to make it universally accessible.

Maximum Points: 2 Appraisals: • 25.1.1: Compliance with National Building Code norms on Requirements for Planning of Public Buildings Meant for Use of Physically Challenged - 2 points

Compliances: • 25.2.1: Submit drawings demonstrating that the project incorporates design measures for Universal Accessibility as recommended in NBC 2005 • 25.2.2: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

NBC 2005 - ANNEX D (Clause 12.21) SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS MEANT FOR USE OF PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED D-1 GENERAL - These requirements apply to all buildings and facilities used by the public. These apply to temporary or emergency conditions as well as permanent conditions. It does not apply to private residences. D-2 SITE DEVELOPMENT – D-2.1 Almost any building can be made accessible to physically challenged persons by so planning the site that the terraces, retaining walls and winding walks are used effectively. D-2.1.1 Site development is the most effective means to resolve the problems created by topography, definitive architectural designs or concepts, water table, existing streets, and typical problems, singularly or collectively, so that aggress, ingress and egress to buildings by physically challenged may be facilitated while preserving the desired design and effect of the architecture.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

D-2.2 Walks D-2.2.1 Public walks should be at least 1 200 mm wide and should have a gradient not greater than 1 in 20. D-2.2.1.1 •

It is essential that the gradient of walks and driveways be less than that prescribed for ramps.

•

Walks of near maximum grade and considerable length should have level areas at intervals for purposes of rest and safety.

•

Walks or driveways should have a non-slip surface.

D-2.2.2 Such walks shall be of a continuing common surface not interrupted by steps or abrupt changes in level. D-2.2.3 Wherever walks cross other walks, driveways, or parking lots they should blend to a common level. D-2.2.3.1 Suitable method for blending pavement and roadway surfaces

D-2.2.4 A walk shall have a level platform at the top which is at least 1500 mm long, if a door swings out onto the platform or towards the walk. This platform shall extend at least 300 mm beyond each side of the doorway. D-2.2.5 A walk shall have a level platform at least 900 mm deep, if the door does not swing onto the platform or towards the walk. This platform shall extend at least 300 mm beyond each side of the doorway. D-2.3 Parking Space D-2.3.1 Spaces that are accessible and approximate to the facility should be set aside and identified for use by individuals with physical disabilities. D-2.3.2 A parking space open on one side, allowing room for individuals in wheelchairs or individuals on braces and crutches to get in and out of an automobile onto a level surface, is adequate. It should have a minimum width of 2700 mm preferably 2800 mm GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

for ambulant disabled and minimum 3000 mm preferably 3300 mm for wheel chair users. D-2.3.3 Parking spaces for individuals with physical disabilities when placed between two conventional diagonal or head-on parking spaces should be 3.6 m to 3.8 m wide and the length of the aisle should 7.3 m, 6.1 m and 6.5 m for head-on, 90Â° and 60Â° parking respectively. D-2.3.4 Care in planning should be exercised, so that individuals in wheelchairs and individuals using braces and crutches are not compelled to wheel or walk behind parked cars. D-2.3.5 Consideration should be given to the distribution of spaces for use by the disabled in accordance with the frequency and persistency of parking needs. D-2.3.6 Walks shall be in conformity with D-2.2.

D-3 BUILDINGS D-3.1 Ramps with Gradients Where ramps with gradients are necessary or desired, they shall conform to the following requirements (see Fig. 10). D-3.1.1 A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in 20 or maximum of 1 in 12 for short distance up to 9000 mm. D-3.1.2 A ramp shall have handrails on at least one side, and preferably two sides, that are 900 mm high, measured from the surface of the ramp, that are smooth, and that extend 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the ramp. Where major traffic is predominantly children, the handrails should be placed 760 mm high. D-3.1.3 A ramp shall have a surface that is non-slip surface and if length is 3500 mm, the minimum width shall be 1500 mm. D-3.1.3.1 The provision of non-slip surfaces on ramps greatly assists the challenged persons with semiambulatory and ambulatory disabilities. Non-slip surfaces are provided by many finishes and materials. The surfaces of the concrete ramps can be made nonskid by brooming the surface or by finishing with an indenting roller.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

D-3.1.4 A ramp shall have a level platform at the top which is at least 1800 mm long, if a door swings out onto the platform or toward the ramp. This platform shall extend at least 300 mm beyond each side of the doorway (see Fig. 11). D-3.1.5 Each ramp shall have at least 1800 mm of straight clearance at the bottom. D-3.1.6 Ramps shall have level platforms at 10 m to 12 m intervals for purposes of rest and safety, and shall have platforms minimum 1.5 m length wherever they turn. D-3.1.7 For visually impaired people, ramps may be colour contrasted with landing. D-3.1.8 To minimize rise to wheelchair users, ramps should be equipped with herbs approximately 50 mm high at exposed sides. D-3.2 Entrances D-3.2.2 At least one primary entrance to each building shall be usable by individuals in wheelchairs (see Fig. 12A) and shall be indicated by a sign (see Fig. 12B). D-3.2.2 At least one entrance usable by individuals in wheelchairs shall be on a level that would make the elevators accessible.

D-3.3 Doors and Doorways D-3.3.1 Doorwidth To enable wheelchair users to pass through doors, the minimum clear width should be 900 mm and shall be operable by a single effort. In certain cases the clear width should be 900 mm to 1000 mm; for example, if the wheelchair has to be turned in the doorway, where there is a door-closer or at entrance doors to public buildings and in other situations where there is considerable traffic. GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

D-3.3.1.1 Two-leaf doors are not usable by those with disabilities defined in D-1.2.1, D-1.2.2 and D-1.2.5 unless they operate by a single effort, or unless one of the two leaves meets the requirements of D-3.3.1. D-3.3.1.2 Side-hung doors : To facilitate wheelchair manoeuvre, doors should be hung with the hinges in room corners. Doors opening out into corridors or circulation spaces should be avoided as far as possible. D-3.3.1.3 It is recommended that all doors have kick plates extending from the bottom of the door to at least 400 mm from the floor, or be made of a material and finish that would safely withstand the abuse they might All dimensions in millimetres. D-3.3.2 Wheelchair Manoeuvring Space To enable wheelchair users to approach doors manoeuvring space is needed as shown in the Fig. 13. A corridor should have a width of at least 1 200 mm to allow a 90Â° turn to be made through a door. D-3.3.3 Thresholds Raised thresholds should be avoided, but where this is not possible, their height should not exceed 25 mm. Rubber thresholds are advantageous for wheelchair users. D-3.3.3.1 Care should be taken in the selection, placement and setting of door closers so that they do not prevent the use of doors by the physically disabled. Time-delay door closers are recommended. D-3.3.3.2 Self-closing doors Wheelchair users and other with impaired mobility have difficulty in using self-closing doors. The force required to open them should be reduced as far as possible. Public buildings should preferably have sliding automatic doors. D-3.3.4 Door Indentification To help people with impaired vision to see doors, the door and frame should be in a colour which contrasts with the adjoining wall. Glass or glazed doors should be marked with a coloured band or frame, a little below eye-level. D-3.3.5 Handles Door handles and locks should be easy to manipulate. To facilitate the closing of a door by wheelchair users (for example, a water-closet compartment), the door should have a horizontal handle approximately 800 mm from the floor. Self-closing doors should be equipped with an easy gripped vertical pull-handle with a length of at least 300 mm, and with the lower end approximately 800 mm above floor. For many people and specially those with impaired vision, it is helpful to make clear whether doors are to be pulled or pushed (see Fig. 14). D-3.5 Stairs Stairs should not be the only means of moving between floors. They should be supplemented by lifts or ramps.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

D-3.6 Floors D-3.6.1 Floors shall have a non-slip surface. D-3.6.2 Floors on a given storey shall be of a common level through out or be connected by a ramp in accordance with D-3.1.1 to D-3.1.8. D3.6.2.1 A gentle slope up to 10 mm may be given between the level of the floor of the corridor and the level of the floor of the toilet rooms. D-3.6.2.2 There should not be a difference between the level of the floor of a corridor and the level of a meeting room, dining room, or any other room, unless proper ramps are provided. D-3.7 Sanitary Facilities It is essential that sanitary facilities, in accordance with the nature and use of a specific building or facility, be made accessible to, and usable by, the physically challenged.

IMAGES- SOURCE NBC 2005 - ANNEX D (Clause 12.21) SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS MEANT FOR USE OF PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

D-3.11 Elevators In a multi-storey building, elevators are essential to the successful functioning of physically disabled individuals. They shall conform to the requirements given in D-3.11.1 and D-3.11.2. D-3.11.1 Elevators shall be accessible to, and usable by the physically disabled on the level that they use to enter the building, and at all levels normally used by the general public. D-3.12 Controls It is advantageous for wheelchair users if controls are placed at low level. For visually impaired people, they should be at eye-level. D-3.12.1 To enable wheelchair users to reach controls while not placing them too low for visually impaired people, controls should be in the zone 900 mm to 1 200 mm from the floor. D-3.12.2 Again, to cater for visually impaired people, controls should be colour-contrasted with backgrounds. Information should preferably be in relief for tactile reading. D-3.12.3 To aid operation for people with impaired co-ordination or impaired vision, switches, etc, should have large push plates. D-3.12.4 Controls for powered door openers to hinged doors should be located so that the doors do not conflict with wheelchairs, sticks, walking aids, etc. D-3.12.5 To facilitate operation for people with limited strength in arms and hands, handles should be easy to grip and turn. D-3.13 Identification Appropriate identification of specific facilities within a building used by the public is particularly essential to the blind. D-3.13.1 Raised letters or numbers shall be used to identify rooms or offices. D-3.13.2 Such identification should be placed on the wall, to left of the door, preferably at a height of 1 500 mm from the floor. D-3.13.3 Doors that are not intended for normal use, and that might prove dangerous if a blind person were to exit or enter by them, should be made quickly identifiable to the touch by knurling the door handle or knob. D-3.14 Warning Signals D-3.14.1 Audible warning signals shall be accompanied by simultaneous visual signals for those with hearing disabilities. D-3.14.2 Visual signals shall be accompanied by simultaneous audible signals for the benefit of the blind. To assist blind people, lettering and symbols on signs should be in relief for tactile reading. D-3.14.3 Signs should be designed and located so that they are easy to read. For visually impaired people, signs should GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

preferably be at eye-level and it should be possible to approach them closely. Text and symbols should be colour-contrasted with the background. The letters should not be less than 12 mm high. D-3.14.4 Signs should be well illuminated and surfaces should not cause mirroring or reflections. Signs should not be behind glass or similar materials. D-3.14.5 Information based on colour codes only should be avoided; colourblind people may find them difficult to understand. A curb cut, curb ramp, dropped kerb, pram ramp, or kerb ramp is a solid (usually concrete) ramp graded down from the top surface of a sidewalk to the surface of an adjoining street. It is designed primarily for pedestrian usage and commonly found in urban areas where pedestrian activity is expected. In comparison with a conventional curb (finished at a right angle 4â&#x20AC;&#x201C;6 inches (10â&#x20AC;&#x201C;15 cm) above the street surface) a curb cut is finished at an intermediate gradient that connects both surfaces, sometimes with tactile paving.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 25

Criterion 26: Dedicated facilities for service staff Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote provision of resting spaces and toilets dedicated for project’s service staff.

Maximum Points: 2 Appraisals: • 26.1.1: Provide dedicated resting rooms for the service staff on site – 1 point • 26.1.2: Provide toilets for the service staff on site – 1 point

Compliances: • 26.2.1: Submit drawings demarcating the location of various toilets and/or resting rooms for service staff • 26.2.2: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemente Narrative; Everyone, regardless of whether you are the Government, an employer, a service buyer or a concerned citizen, must realize that architects have a part to play in uplifting the lives of our low-wage workers. A cause that all of us could be a part of is ensuring that our companies provide proper rest areas for outsourced workers such as cleaners, security officers and landscape maintenance employees working in our building premises. These workers put in effort and hard work performing their duties, and the fruits of their labour result in a better environment – one which is clean, safe and secure – for everyone at the site. Surely, these workers deserve the dignity of having proper rest areas so that they can carry on doing their work more productively. Most companies provide good, proper rest areas for their permanent employees. Unfortunately, the provision of rest areas by service buyers or building owners for their cleaners, security officers and landscape maintenance workers is uncommon. Many of these outsourced service workers have no choice but to accept whatever nook or corner, albeit undesirable, as their rest areas.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 26

Criterion 27: Increase in environmental awareness Intent: The intent of this criterion is to create awareness on sustainability amongst the building users & visitors.

Maximum Points: 1 Appraisals: • 27.1.1: Adopt measures to create environmental awareness – 1 point

Compliances: • 27.2.1: Submit narrative with supporting photographs highlighting strategies implemented, in the project, to create environmental awareness.

Narrative: The construction industry, by its very nature, is a big user of natural resources. But with growing concerns over climate change and the finite nature of these resources, there is increasing pressure on construction firms to reduce their environmental impact Naturally, adopting sustainable construction methods will reduce your organisation’s impact on the environment. But there are more tangible benefits too which will help you demonstrate the value of sustainable construction beyond environmental concerns and through sustainable building design we can create awareness.

Public awareness is the public's level of understanding about the importance and implications of women's and girls' safety in cities and communities. ... First, there is general public awareness, which involves widespread understanding and acknowledgement of the issues on a societal level. The public awareness can be increased by 1.media relation Media Relations involves working with media for the purpose of informing the public of an organization's mission, policies and practices in a positive, consistent and credible manner 2.Boosting social media awareness ➢ Use visual content to increase brand awareness. ... ➢ Develop a unique voice and personality. ... ➢ Use a different tone on different platforms.

3.website development GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 27

A web design strategy is a collection of items that are carefully mapped out to achieve the goal of the site. These elements should be directly in line with the company vision and branding. 4.advertising Advertising is a marketing tactic involving paying for space to promote a product, service, or cause. The actual promotional messages are called advertisements, or ads for short. As developes, builders, should take part in this to increase awareness.

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 27

Criterion 28: Smart metering and monitoring Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote smart metering and monitoring of energy and water consumption on site to analyze the performance of the building.

Maximum Points: 8 Appraisals: • 28.1.1: Comply with following Basic metering requirements of GRIHA – Mandatory

• 28.1.2: Comply with Extended metering requirements as mentioned in the table – 2 points

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 28

28.1.3: Installation of one-way communicable# Smart metering* and monitoring system capable tracking energy and water consumption through a web hosted portal and also capable of the following, for at least all meters mentioned in 28.1.1 – 3 points •Hourly data reporting in near-real-time (no more than 15 minute delay) •Energy mix breakdown and consumption patterns •Water consumption patterns from various sources •Ability to set energy & water consumption targets, alarms and pricing •Ability to compare historical trends and benchmark data •Real time monitoring with user interface which operates even in mobile devices 28.1.4: Connect to GRIHA Online Benchmarking platform (linked to smart metering) to allow for two way communication on the following: – 3 points •Monthly energy consumption (with fuel mix) and water consumption (with source split) with GRIHA IT platform •Receive, average energy and water consumption (normalized for building typologies, location and area) for display to building occupants to assess building energy and water efficiency Compliances: • 28.2.1: Submit drawings indicating the location of various meters in the project • 28.2.2: Submit specification sheets and purchase orders of the various meters installed in the project • 28.2.3: Submit details and purchase orders of the Smart Metering system installed in the project • 28.2.4: Upload photographs, with description, of the measures implemented

*All Energy meters that are installed to be of at least class 1 with Class 1 CT's/PT's, and should have an active RS-485 port, with industry standard Modbus protocol with publicly available register maps. *All Water/BTU meters should have an RS 485/RS232 port with publicly available/industry standard Protocol (Modbus,etc.) and register maps *All meters/CT should be calibrated by an authorized certified auditor at least every 2 years. *The metering and monitoring hardware and software should support compliance with the relevant requirements of "IS/ISO 50001 - Energy Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use". # Project teams may opt for two-way communicable if they want to enable demand response

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 28

Narrative; Smart meters have the potential to change the way consumers look at, and use their energy, allowing them to be conscious of their usage patterns. They are meters with data logging and communications which record and transmit a building’s energy usage. Typically, a smart meter will read and store energy usage every 30 minutes and then send this information to energy distributers, or users. Advantages ➢ Integrate isolated technologies : ➢ Smart Grid enables better energy management. ➢ Proactive management of electrical network during emergency situations. ➢ Better demand supply / demand response management. ➢ Better power quality. ➢ Increasing demand for energy : requires more complex and critical solution with better energy management Different type of technology: source; slideshare

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 28

Criterion 29: Operation & Maintenance Protocols Intent: The intent of this criterion is to ensure implementation of an Operation and Maintenance protocol.

Maximum Points: No points Appraisals: • 29.1.1: Provision for a core facility/service group responsible for the O&M of the building’s systems after installation as per GRIHA requirements. Inclusion of a specific clause in the contract document of the systems supplier for providing training to the core facility/ service group responsible for the O&M of the building systems after installation, on the operating instructions/dos and don’ts/ maintenance requirements for the specific system, as per GRIHA requirements. Development of a fully documented O&M manual/ CD/ Multimedia /information brochure enlisting the best practices for O&M of the building’s systems as per GRIHA requirements – Mandatory O&M protocol should be submitted for • HVAC plant- AHU, Cooling tower, Chillers and pumps , VRF • Electrical- Transformer, DG, HT & LT panels • Energy Systems: Solar PV, wind mill, bio gasifier etc. • STP and/or WTP

Compliances: • 29.2.1: Submit proof of provision for a core facility/service group responsible for the operation and maintenance of the building's systems after installation. This should be supported with the contract (mutually signed between the respective parties) document or supportive documents, verified and signed by the responsible parties). O&M protocol should contain the following: • Provision of inspection as per respective system schedules • Corrective measures to be implemented according to the periodic inspection report. • Records tracking the periodic inspection and maintenance • Provision for training staff members GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 29

Narrative The Maintenance Operation Protocol (MOP) is used for utility services such as uploading and downloading system software, remote testing and problem diagnosis. It was a proprietary protocol of Digital Equipment Corporation. MOP frames can be one of the following commands: [memory load data] Contains memory load data

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 29

Criterion 30: Performance Assessment for Final Rating Intent: The intent of this criterion is to validate the performance of the energy, water and comfort conditions in the building as predicted during the design and development stage.

Maximum Points: No points Appraisals: 30.1.1 The energy systems, water systems and solid waste management systems of the building are performing as predicted and match the information provided at the time of award of provisional GRIHA rating 30.1.2: The visual, thermal and acoustic comfort conditions of the building meet the requirements of GRIHA Criterion 11 30.1.3 Any improvement in the following 4 parameters can be attempted by the project, post-GRIHA Provisional Rating, in order to improve its overall GRIHA points tally: • • • •

Hard/soft/shaded paving on site – Criterion Renewable energy installation – Criterion 9 Noise levels – Criterion 11 Innovation – Criterion 31

Please note: Reattempt/fresh attempt of a criterion will not be allowed in this; only improved Compliances: • 30.2.1: Submit audit report and bills by an independent BEE certified auditor highlighting the following: • Annual energy and water consumption • Compliance with visual, thermal and acoustic comfort conditions in building interiors • Functioning solid waste management strategies • 30.2.2: Submit narrative/drawings/photographs highlighting improved performance in criteria mentioned in 30.1.3

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 30

Criterion 31: Innovation Intent: The intent of this criterion is to promote adoption and implementation of innovative strategies in improving the sustainability of the project.

Maximum Points: 4 Appraisals: • 31.1.1: 1 point per Innovation strategy up to a maximum of 4. • • • • • •

Examples of innovation: A GRIHA certified professional (Trainer or Evaluator) is involved in the project from beginning to end) First Mover: Implementation of a technology for the first time in the country. E-waste recycling STP technologies which do not use chemicals Net-Zero Energy/Water

Compliances: • 31.2.1: Submit supporting documentation for each Innovation strategy

Narrative: Only the most critical aspects have been covered as the main criteria for rating. The designer may also consider other strategies and options that lead to environmental or other sustainability benefits. And also it aims improvising the sustainable strategies

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 31

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. 2.

WIKIPEDIA

3. 4.

https://www.lafargeholcim-foundation.org/about/sustainable-construction

5. 6. 7.

https://www.slideshare.net/ChetanKhatri/design-building-smart-energy-meter

http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-b76a152c-d445-46459190-07ffabb4ec6e https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279196076_An_Overview_of_Operations_Admin istration_and_Maintenance_OAM_Tools https://www.slideshare.net/SandeepSharma65/smart-meter-3 https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk03T0Hiah97kTUq8xCGgS8WTmOHS1A%3 A1588275718716&ei=BiqrXvWeK4OLmgfozI_ICw&q=website+development+strategies+d efinition&oq=website+development+strategies+de&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgAMggIIR AWEB0QHjIICCEQFhAdEB4yCAghEBYQHRAeMggIIRAWEB0QHjIICCEQFhAdEB4 yCAghEBYQHRAeMggIIRAWEB0QHjoECAAQRzoGCAAQFhAeUOJ_WLOEAWC_iw FoAHADeACAAcIBiAGCBJIBAzAuM5gBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXo&sclient=psy-ab

8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878029616300305 9. https://www.grihaindia.org/griha-rating 10. https://www.google.com/search?q=curbs+&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwix8fmK6ZDpAh Uyg0sFHa46AYYQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=curbs+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICC AAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIAFCi3QFYot0BYNHuAWgAcAB4AIABhwGIAYcB kgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=cx6rXvFrsoau2gu9YSwCA&bih=720&biw=1700#imgrc=h_E3Qm-4QKqeoM

11. 12.

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.sp.7.3.2005.pdf

https://www.google.com/search?q=labour+welfare+and+safety+measures+project&sxsr f=ALeKk008WmMHpbErf1W7BSr2F8YtXeX4w:1588271061146&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2 ahUKEwiP9Z_j4pDpAhUS4nMBHe4MCNcQ_AUoAnoECAwQBA&biw=1700&bih=720#i mgrc=nvdWW1cdX4DBMM

13.

https://housing.com/news/building-safety-how-developers-can-ensure-the-safety-ofworkers-and-residents/

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16.

https://www.thebalancesmb.com/waste-treatment-and-disposal-methods-2878113

https://www.google.com/search?q=fast+fermentation+waste+management&tbm=isch& ved=2ahUKEwjr7_jn1ZDpAhW103MBHV9JCSsQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=fast+fermentation+waste+management&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoECA AQGFCXZFjzpQFg3aoBaABwAHgAgAHqAYgBkxWSAQYwLjE1LjKYAQCgAQGqAQ tnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=PQqrXqvdE7Wnz7sP35Kl2AI&bih=720&biw=1700 #imgrc=BE-xl0AlGqzuUM

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CRITERION 31

17.

https://ag.umass.edu/greenhouse-floriculture/greenhouse-best-management-practicesbmp-manual/organic-waste-management

18.

https://www.google.com/search?bih=720&biw=1700&hl=en&sxsrf=ALeKk01mgwOmJ wWBYhNCLT2k9b_I8v8SFA%3A1588266693550&ei=xQarXpGjIZeQ4EP5Y6f8AI&q=organic+waste+treatment+methods&oq=organic+waste+treatment+&gs_lc p=CgZwc3ktYWIQARgCMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADIGCAAQ FhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjoECAAQRzoECCMQJzoECAAQQzoHCAAQFBC HAjoFCAAQkQJQzh1Yplpgh2toAXABeACAAeYCiAGlHpIBCDAuMjIuMS4ymAEAoA EBqgEHZ3dzLXdpeg&sclient=psy-ab

19.

https://www.google.com/search?q=GARBAGE+CHUTE+SYSTEM&tbm=isch&ved=2a hUKEwjCidPQxJDpAhVISCsKHScpC14Q2cCegQIABAA&oq=GARBAGE+CHUTE+SYSTEM&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyBgg AEAUQHjIGCAAQBRAeMgYIABAIEB4yBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgy BAgAEBgyBAgAEBg6BAgjECc6BQgAEIMBOgQIABBDUObJEljW8hJg2PYSaABwAHg AgAHQAogBkRuSAQgwLjE4LjEuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1n&sclient=img& ei=OfiqXoKJBMiQrQGn0qzwBQ&bih=720&biw=1679&hl=en

20.

https://www.google.com/search?q=labour+welfare+and+safety+measures+&tbm=isch& ved=2ahUKEwi0weXl4pDpAhUBFisKHf9rA1AQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=labour+welfare+and+safety+measures+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECC MQJ1C4bVi4bWDib2gAcAB4AIABkwGIAZMBkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdp ei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=2herXrTsHIGsrAH_142ABQ&bih=720&biw=1700

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 31

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO

CRITERION 31