ENGLISH TIGRINYA TIGRE DAHLIK ARABIC ITALIAN GERMAN
ANSEBA
SEMIENAWI KAYIH BAHRI
A REFUGEES JOURNEY
GASH-BARKA
DEBU
TIGRAY
RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE . SECTION LEADER: CARLA LEITAO . COMMITTEE MEMBER: TED KRUEGGER . 2018-2019 FINAL PROJECT . NYA JACKSON
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PART ONE: RESEARCH
PART TWO: THE INTERFACE
UNDERSTANDING THE REFUGEE CRISIS
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
PERMANANCE V. IMPERMANANCE: A TIME DEPICTION OF THE CRISIS
THESIS STATEMENT THE USERS
THE WORLD: A GLOBAL SNAPSHOT VENEZUELA: A CRISIS ON HOME TURF SYRIA: THE EUROPEAN CRISIS LIBYA: THE GATEWAY TO EUROPE
CONTENTS
7
THE SITE: LIBYA & NORTHERN AFRICA BOKO HARAM: A BIT OF HISTROY AND ITS AFFECT ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT MIGRATION GLOBALLY & POLITCALLY
MAP 1: AFRICA. SCALE 1 MAP 2: SURROUNDING ERITREA. SCALE 2 MAP 3 &CLIMATE TOGGLE: PARTIAL PANO. SCALE 3 MAP 4: PANO. SCALE 4
KOPPEN-GEIGER CLIMATE MAP
PART THREE: CRAIVE
THE JOURNEY
CRAIVE PRESENTATION
THE WORLD OF SMUGGLERS
PROTO.IO PRESENATATION
LIBYAN HOUSING
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65
THESIS STATEMENT
FP 1 VIDEO
There is a saying that history repeats itself- it ebms and flows from eras of what we’ll label peace and moment we’ll define as turbulence. From the Venezuelan crisis, the Boko haram in Libya, the Syrian refugee and the Rohingyan crisis all are products of turbulence we are currently experiencing. The world is in a state of distress and it is due to the fact that large masses of people are leaving their homes and entering into other countries that are not ready to have such a significant increase to their general population. Mass migration can be cause by lack of food or resources, violence, and or climate change. Throughout this migration process refugees face many hardships, from becoming victims of fraud, lack of housing, lack of food, climate and geography hardships, to cramped conditions as they travel etc. The list can go on and on, the question I pose is how can architecture or architects help aid refugees as the travel. It is intercepting smugglers to limit fraud, is it tackling the political aspects of a refugee crisis from an architects’ perspective?
1
3
NYA JACKSON FP SECTION LEADER: CARLA LEITO FP ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE :TED KRUEGGER FINAL PROJECT DESIGN RESEARCH SEMINAR A WORLD IN DISARRAY 2019
5
understanding the reugee crisis
7
FINAL PROJECT 1: RESEARCH
PERMANANCE VERUS IMPERMANACE: A TIME DEPICTION OF THE CRISIS
IMPERMANANCE
ADAPTABILITY
COMMUNITY RESILLIANCE
ADIFF- Tent Jacket
understanding the reugee crisis
Mae-La Refugee Camp- Thailand
9 DEPLOYMENT
LIFE SPAN
Onagawa Temporary Container Houses-Japan
Operation Soverign Boarder- Australia
POLITICAL REGULATION
DURABILITY
Bosnian War- Bosnia
Zaatari Refugee Camp- Jordan
NYA JACKSON | KENDALL GRAPES
PERMANANCE
COMMUNITY RESILLIANCE IN DISASTER RECOVERY
Since around 2011 the world has seen the amount of refugges fleeing their homes exponentially increase. From places like Venezuela, nothern, Africa, Syria , and Myanmmar, millions of people have fled into to nieghboring and even not so neighboring countries looking for a better life. The chart shown on pages 3 and 4 begins to break down each regions solution to the mass influx of people. Many construct refugee camps, in which the living condictions are far more similarto a concentration camp rather than a transitioning home. Other solutions include coats that become tents, shipping container turning into housing communities, camps that have become villages and legislation that is less than supportive. When many of these crisises are broadcasted they have very short lived lifes. The story after a couple days fades away and seems to no longer be a concenr but for many refugees this is their reality. As architectects within this day an age is it not our duty to assist in a capacity in which we are able to. Especially seeing how on of the major problems refugees face aside from lack of food and physical protection are homes. Homes that cater to them as the travel as well as once they’ve reached a point in their journey where they can go any further.
25.4 25.4 million million refugees refugees 3.13.1 million million asylum-seekers asylum-seekers
40 million internally displaced
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Architecture as a pedagogy focuses on the obscur beauty the lives beyond its creator. It history is closely locked between form and function, and art and a science, but architecture is far more then those two dychonomies. Architecture is the basis of culture, the relics that live on after a civilizations has died , its represent the might in which a civilization currently exsists, and the places that make life ever so dear. As architects this task our task, the cyclical. FORMAL RESEARCH
THE WORLD MAP: A GLOBAL SNAPSHOT
UNDERSTANDING THE REFUGEE CRISIS
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FORMAL RESEARCH
THE WORLD MAP: A GLOBAL SNAPSHOT
Presevo, Serbia
2%
Gevglija,Macedonia Idomeni Refugee Camp
Lorem ipsum
Rome,Italy
To Germany
Lesbos,Greece To Austria 2% Lorem ipsum
Manolada,Greece Athens,Greece
Palermo,Italy
Izmir, Turkey
Sicilia,Italy Catania,Italy
Urfa,Turkey
Agrigento,Italy
Tunis,Tunisia Te
$300
Pozzalo Ragusa,Italy
Turkey
Daya’s Father
Kobane,Syria
II.
Gabes,Tunisia
Los Angeles, United States
Lampedusa,Italy
Daya & Her Mother
Raqqa,Syria
4200 erson
Euros/p
Sabratah,Libya Tripoli,Libya
LIBYAN SEARCH AND RESCUSE ZONE
WITHIN THIS REGION REFUGEES ARE SENT BACK TO LIBYA
UNDERSTANDING THE REFUGEE CRISIS
III.
Borg Megheizel
I.
104%
Sabha, Libya
I. Kutupalong RC-13933 Kutupalong Exapansion 604104 Agadez, Niger
Jamtoli 46196
Khartoum,Sudan
Bagghona 22076 Chakmarkul- 12597
Bhasan Char, Bangladesh
FORMAL RESEARCH
15
VENEZUELA: A CRISIS ON HOME TURF According to the UN over 1.6 Million Venezuelans have left their homes since 2015, many leaving due to economic crisis within Venezuela. Coupled with political tensions between Maduro and Guaido has allowed for violence via the military and gangs to erupt. Between the inflation of prices and the devaluing of their currency many have resorted to smuggling in food, and necessities from Trinidad and Tobago. And those who can no longer stomach to the situation look to escape the country into parts of South America and the United States.
“POVERTY HAS ALSO SPIKED. IN 2016, A LOCAL UNIVERSITY STUDY FOUND THAT MORE THAN 87 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION SAID IT DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY NECESSARY FOOD. ANOTHER STUDY FOUND THAT 30 PERCENT OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN WERE MALNOURISHED.”
understanding the reugee crisis
Venezuelans Fleeing
Smuggling Dreams
florida mexico
CARCAS
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Life On The Line
VENEZUELA SLASHES FIVE ZEROS FROM ITS OLD CURRENCY, RENAMING IT THE BOLIVAR AND TYING IT BACK TO STATE-BAKED CRYPTOCURRENCY IN ABID TO TAKCLE INFLATIONS
PRESIDENT MADURA WINS ANOTHER PRESIDENT MADURO ANNOUNCES MEATERM SURES AIMED TO FIGHT THE E CONOMIC CRISIS INCLUDING CURRENCY DEVALUING AND FIRST PETROL PRICE INCREASE IN 20 YEARS ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT IS MADE ON HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS PEOPLE TAKE PRESIDENT HUGO CHAVEZ DIES AT 58 PRESIDENT MADURO’S LIFE PARTS IN PROTESTS IN CARACAS PUSHING FROM CANCER. HE BLAMES COLOMBIA & US RIGHT WING FOR THE REMOVAL OF PRESIDENT HE IS REPLACED BY NICOLAS MADURO, HIS APPOINTMENT ANGERS A MAJORITY OF THE COUNTRY
APRIL 2013
FEBRUARY 2016
SEPTERMBER 2016
FEBRUARY 2016
AUGUST 2018
FEBRUARY 2016
FORMAL RESEARCH
SYRIA: THE EUROPEAN CRISIS
understanding the reugee crisis
‘Since the Syrian civil war officially began in march 15,2011-families have suffered under a brutal conflict. Killing hundreds of thousands of people, tearing the nation apart and setting back the standard of living by decades. Many trying to escape ISIS end up fleeing from Syria via Turkey and then continue to work their way further into Europe. About 13.1 Million people in the country need humanitarian assistance.
Syrian Family
Aleppo To La
Struggling To Adapt
19 ALEPPO
KOBANE
RAQQA AL-BAGHDADI’S ISI ABSORBS AN AL-QAEDA AFFILIATE MILITA IN SYRIA BECOMINF THE ISIL (ISLAMIC STATE IN IRAQ AND THE LEVANT)
ZARQAWI IS KILLED IN US AIRSTRIKE & AL-QAEDA IN IRAQ JOIN WITH OTHER MILITIAS TO FORM ISIS
ABU MASAB AL-ZARQAWI, A JORDANIAN LEADING AN INSURGENCY AGAINST US FORCES IN IRAQ ( ALLEGIANCE TO OSAMA BIN LADEN & AL QAEDA )
ISIL TAKES OVER RAQQA IN N. SYRIA & BECOMES A STRONG HOLD CITY BECOMES INFAMOUS LOCATION OF ISIL’S WORST ATTACKS
TO LEBANON
JUNE 2014
JUNE 2006
2010
TO IRAQ
AL QAEDA CHIEF DISTANCES THE ORGANIZATION FROM ISIS AND ISIL DISSOLVES
ABU BAKR AL-BAGHDADI BECOMES LEADER OF ISI
TO EGYPT
2004
DAMASCUS
APRIL 2013
EARLY 2014
TO JORDAN
JUNE 2017
JANUARY 2015
JANUARY 2014
ISIL BEGINS ATTACKING IRAQ & SEIZES THE CITY OF MOSUL THIS CAUSES TENS OF THOUSANDS CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDI TO FLEE ISIL DECLARES CALIPHATE IN SEIZED TERRITORIES ISIL BECOMES ISIS
SDF CUTS OFF ISIS LAST ESCAPES ROUTES IN THE EUPHRATES RIVER AREA . ISIS GROUP IS LOCATED IN THE CITY CENTER WITH CIVILAN HOSTAGES, SDF IS PUSHING INTO CITY
FORMAL RESEARCH
Libya: The gateway to europe With refugees pouring in from East,West and Central Africa, Libya has taken on the role as a gateway country to Europe. Many refugees attempting to escape violence, climate change, and or poverty end up trying to cross the Mediterranean sea. Due to the pressues Italy and Greece are feeling due to the global refugee crisis deals have been struck to slow down Many refugees end up getting brought back to Libya via the Libyan coastguarand local militias. From there they end up in detention centers till they can be deported back to their home country. Many of these refugees are not from Libya but rather places like Eritrea fleeing government oppression and Niger in an attempt to escape the Boko Haram.
1.3 MILLION IN NEED OF HUMANITARIAN ASSASSITANCE
understanding the reugee crisis
Vice: Italy & Libya
Vice: Drowning For Freedom
21 GADDAFI IS CAPTURED AND DIES NTC DECLARES LIBYA AS ‘LIBERATED’ AND PLANS FOR ELECTION IN 8 MONTHS
LIBYA NOW HAS A FAILED GOVERNMENT AND NTC NATIONAL TRANSITIONAL COUNCIL BECOME GOVERNING BODY IN LIBYA EU AND LIBYA SIGN AN AGREEMENT TO SLOW DOWN ILLEGAL IMIGRATION ANIT-GADDAFI VIOLENT PROTESTS BREAK OUT IN BENGHAZI LEADS TO VIOLENT CLASH BETWEEN PROTESTORS AND SECURITY FORCES
RUSSIA AGREES TI SELL LIBYA WEAPONS AT ABOUT 1.8BN WHICH CONSISTED OF FIGHTER JETS,TANKS AND AIR D EFENCE SYSTEMS
GADDAFI GOES INTO HIDING MARCH 2016
SEPTEMBER 2012
JANUARY 2010
OCTOBER 2010
FEBRUARY 2011
JULY 2011
JULY 2011
MAY 2014
JULY 2017
SEPTEMER 2018
OCTOBER 2011
US AMBASSADOR AND 3 OTHER AMERICANS ARE KILLED WHEN ISLAMIST MILITANTS STORM THE BENGHAZI CONSULATE
NEW ‘UNIT’ GOVERNMENT ARRIVES IN TRIPOLI BY BOAT AFTER OPPOSING FORCES BLOCK AIRSPACE
LIBYA’S UN-BACKED GOVERNMENT DECLARES A STATE OF EMERGENCY IN TRIPOLI AFTER A DOZEN PEOPLE ARE KILLED BETWEEN VARIOUS SCRIMISHES OF MILITIAS IN THR SOUTHERN SUBURBS
ISLAMIC STATE GROUP IS REMOVED FROM “LIBYAN NATIONAL ARMY” GENERAL BENGHAZI AFTER KHALIFA HAFTAR LAUNCHES ATTACK ON THREE YEARS OF FIGHTING BOTH ISLAMIST MILITANT GROUPS AND CURRENT PRIME MINISTER
FORMAL RESEARCH
SUB-SAHARA AFRICA CRISIS: BOKO HARAM
UNDERSTANDING THE REFUGEE CRISIS
B O K O BRING BACK OUR GIRLS
H A R A M
2002
BOKO HARAM IS FOUNDED
The Boko Haram is an islamist militant group originating in Nigeria. Within their community it is forbidden to take part any western like activities, such as voting and taking part in non-religious education. The official name of the organization is the Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-jihad or the People Committed to the Propagation ofr the Prophet’s Teaching and Jihad. The name Boko Haram was coined by a groups of residents in the city of Maiduguri, the location of the groups headquarters. Boko Haram literally translates to “Western Education is forbidden”.
2003 1ST KNOWN ATTACK
This anti-western sentiment stems from a period time when the British established control in northern Nigeria, souther Cameroon, and Niger. “ THE FIRST KNOW ATTACK BY BOKO HARAM INCLUDES ROUGHLY 200 MILITANTS, WHO ATTACKED MULTIPLE POLICE STATIONS IN THE STATE OF YOBE, NEAR THE NIGER ORDER.” -BBC
2009
2014
276 SCHOOL GIRLS ARE KIDNAPPED
276 School girls are kidnapped in Chibok, Borno. ‘Global Outrage’ ignites and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign begins.In May the group storms 3 villages also within Borno, UN adds Boko Haram to is sanction list. In late June 20 more women are kidnapped in northeastern Nigeria.
BOKO HARAM UPRISING
According to the BBC the uprising began in Bauchi in northern Nigeria, and would progress into Borno,Kano and Yobe. Similar to their first attack, law enforcement we one of the main targets. The conflict ends with the leader of the group Mohammed Yusuf dieing in police custody. A sore point for the organization who believed Yusuf died in an “extrajudicial execution”.
2019
ESCALATION ATTACKS CAUSING A SURGE IN REFUGEES
Is the fifth anniversary of the Chibok school girls- “ we will not rest unitl all the remaining girls are back and reunited with their families”. Due to the continous attacks by the Boko Haram, many people are fleeing from Nigeria.
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2016
450+ WOMEN AND SCHOOL GIRLS ARE RESCUED
2 Chibok school girls are handed over to the Nigerian Government
2018
UNICEF SAY BK HAS KIDNAPPED MORE THAN 100 CHILDREN
2013 ADDED TO US DEPT. OF TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS
FORMAL RESEARCH
the site: libya & northern africa
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FINAL PROJECT 1: RESEARCH
the site: libya & northern africa
MIGRATION GEOGRAPHICALLY AND POLITICALLY
Northern africa is a triad of climates that has always had a key role in histroy. From the greeks to the romans, and even to today northern africa is deeply intertwined with the middle east and europe’s politcal and cultural climates. So when there is political strife within any of these areas it is felt globally. For example the civil war in libya which orignated as anti-ghaddafi fued between civilians and a pro-ghaddifi government spiraled into opportunities for isis, various militias and other islamic states to form. With growing tensions poping up within Northern Africa many outside organizations would try to step in on behalf the failing governments. Many of the attempts lead by the NCL or UN would ultimately fail. This is partially due to the history between western cuntries and Africa. From colonization, to the abuse and extorition of not just natural resources but also communities there has alway been some disdain that has remained even after many countires gained their independence. There is also the dimension of religion and the long historical discord between christianity and islam. So it is not surprise many Africans were not interested in being governed even if temporary by a western power. Aside from the internal political tensions there is also international tensions within African and the Middle East. After 9/11 American would take it upon herself to find the culprints and bring them to justice. This lead to American forces entering various countires and rounding up people they beleived to be extremists. The destruction of homes, communities, and families would reignite a deep dislike for western countries. This would become the breeding grounds for many extremist group who still currently have some sort of strong hold in the region.
Along with the Northern-African being a key political spot is also stands as an extremely fertile region. Complete with relatively flat terrains, and Mediterranean climates. It also is a key trade route as it is bordered by the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Which are home to routes that not only transport goods but people as well. It is because of these bodies of water that Northern African can be seen as the African gate way to Europe.
KOPPEN-GEIGER CLIMATE MAP
the site: libya & northern africa
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THE SITE
the site: libya & northern africa
THE JOURNEY
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THE SITE
THE JOURNEY
LIBYAN DESERT
BENGHAZI, LIBYA
the site: libya & northern africa
33 TRIPOLI, LIBYA
TRIPOLI, LIBYA
THE SITE
THE WORLD OF THE SMUGGLERS
the site: libya & northern africa
Understanding how to traverse the sub-Saharan, the desert, and the Mediterranean climate is not something that is common knowledge. Many refugees are running for their lives and need help obtaining tickets, forged documents, and transportation. This is where smugglers come into the picture. Unfortunately smuggling has become its own mini economy, and it is virtually a perfect system. Many refugees end up using not only their live saving but the life savings of their family to finance their journeys. The problem with smuggling is many of the time refugees are taken advantage of. They are sold invalid tickets, or even at times are victims of smugglers working for both the government and the for them. For example in Libya, whose current government is in shamble, lacks the ability to manage its coast line on it’s own. After striking a deal with Italy in an attempt to decrease the amount of refugees entering Italy the need for a coast guard grew. This ended in many militias being hired to patrol the coast. The same militias are the same ones that help refugees Immigrate into italy.
SMUGGLING
35
To the right is a map of the eastern, western, and central route into Libya. It shows major crossing points along the borders, as well as major smuggling cities that have been zoomed in on. THE SITE
THE WORLD OF THE SMUGGLERS
ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION
the site: libya & northern africa
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THE SITE
LIBYAN HOUSING
PRECEDENT REFERENCE
the site: libya & northern africa
This brings up the question of how to deal with housing in regards to refugees, many companies and architects alike have come up with their own personal solution to the housing problem. From jackets that convert into tents to shigeru ban’s work to revolutionize paper, and even ikea;s new modular homes that could possible aid in the urban aspects of a refugee camp.. Many of which are just tents located in unideal locations. For example the Idomeni refugee camp on the border of Macedonia is a landscape covered in mud and plagued by wet, and very cold weather.
While trying to understand the refugee crisis from a built perspective- the time frame in which building are currently constructed work to slow for the time line in which the world of refugee migrants live within. While researching it became evident that many of the issues refugees would encounter on their journeys outside of food, and housing where unknown variables. Which as a thought is unfathomable- if we were to plan a trip across town we have every system known to man informing us of traffic collisions, locations of police offices, road delays.
39 Even though smugglers provide refugees with methods of transportation, documents to enter countries, and their so called protection, refugees are not provided with the basic necessities. Food , water, and shelter are key to a person’s survivalfood and water provide nourishment for the body while a shelter provides protection from the elements. Due to the high cost of traveling, many refugees are left with little to no money. With what is left of their money either going to paying off their ransoms, not much is left over to put towards hotels,proper meals, or medicine. Which is one the major reason why organizations like UNICF are so important. they are able to provide for many of the refugees that enter their camps. Now this is not to say that the camp method is the best but it is to say that at this moment in time in is imperative to a refugees survival.
The housing within Idomeni Refugee Camp are this then tents barely secure due to the ground conditions. Families with their small children have to attempt to stay warm when all they have between them and the elements is a thin plastic tent. While tents are provided by organization like the UNHCR and World Vision the materials in which they are provided do not always fit the locations in which they are delivered to. Just as housing cannot be a one-size fits all model neither can refugee homes. Not to mention to overall costs to create and support these camps is quite expensive. What if architects and developers alike look to local architecture within the region to begin finding new methods to build housing suitable for refugees to live within, that is not a fiscally draining. The chart about plots out various time frames in which housing exists with a focus on northern Africa as a site.
The weather app update letting us know if a storm is about to hit, and Google Maps/Apple Maps find s the best route for your to travel. All this just to take a trip to a grocery store. Why are the same systems put towards to helping people who truly need quickly updating information at the tips of their fingers. Especially when being informed is the difference between surviving and not.
THE SITE
the site: libya & northern africa
LIBYAN HOUSING
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THE SITE
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THE USERS/PROGRAM: WHO IS IT DESIGNED FOR?
ED
G
O THE INCR ES UE T A RD SIN HC
TH EA
O
IN 20 1
UES S S I
EES G FU
ES ADRESS I ISSU N GR AIN E M
26%
ON EP
theirs. Know there are many variables that come into play when trying to create a system that allos for such an open connection between so many people. Many of the migrants fleeing are either being chased out of their homes and in some way shape of form have a target on their back. One of the challenges that arose is the idea of being connection while still maintaining some level of anonymity.
471300 906600 536000 694506 1.4 MILLION
S U B-S
ICA FR
E TH
ES IN SUB-SAH A R SID AA RE
ETHIOPIA UGANDA
VERY 2 SECOND NE SI O S N R E
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WHERE THEY ARE GOING
DR CONGO
OF ITS
KENYA SUDAN
tensioins as well . Many of the areas in which refugees enter can add strain to the communities in which they stay. This unfortunately fosters a stigma that refugees are detrimental to the locals economic and social flows- making it dangerous for the refugees. Many of the dangers refugees face they are not aware of before they begin. With much of the information they know is by word of mouth.
NION SUMIT H NU AS A IC M R F
NE EO AD
12 NEW CAMPS R WE VE R 5O
BY UN
WHERE THEY ARE GOING
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
986400 694506
With so much information being passed via word of mout, wouldn’t it be helpful to create a system that would allow for more people to access to each others stories. The knowledge and experience of those who have already embarked on their life changing journey can help others on
REGION IS DI S P LA C
620775 545498
AN AR AH
SOMALIA SUDAN
2.4 MILLION
NED PE EO
N TIO LA PU
ORLDS REFUGE W EP HE O T F
numeroud hardships. Many of the hardships include kidnapping, lack of shelter, limited access to food and water,. Along with lack of access to medicine there is also social and political
WHERE THEY ARE FROM
CENTRAL AFRICA This project’s goal is to create a REPUBLIC platform that helps ease some of the struggles refugees face as they DR CONGO
WHERE THEY ARE FROM
SOUTH SUDAN
PROGRAM
OPENING PAGE OF APP
18:36PM FEB. 22.2019 FRIDAY
REFUGEE AID
the app has two main users it targets. first are the refugees. the second are aid personale. the tite it a play on words and is also how enter each section.
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
opening map shows a quick snap shot of northern african and the three central routes through it. eastern, central and wester. Along with the routs also shows key cities along those routes.
45
This app is a first attempt to create a system that utilizes some of the very basic principles of apps like waze which is dependent on other users input to warn users of issues that could arrise during their trip. There is also a video/picture capturing aspect to this app as well. The saying an image is worth a thousand words is extremely true. And while it is not expected that at all moments a user will be able to take pictures - any amount of data that can be logge d is helpful.
DESIGN/PROGRAM
OPENING PAGE OF APP: REFUGEE OPENING INTERFACE
18:36PM FEB. 22.2019 FRIDAY
START TRIP ADD TO TRIP
ROUTE HISTORY WESTERN ROUTE CENTRAL ROUTE EASTERN ROUTE
AI RESPONSE
YOUR JOURNEY WESTERN ROUTE CENTRAL ROUTE EASTERN ROUTE
ASMARA
shows key cities along each route. by clicking here a quick snapshot of the area can be gather via images taken by users. Users data gathered will also be compromised to show panoramas of activities in the area. refer to map 3&4 as an example.
YOUR TRIP
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
45
marker locates major boarder brossing areas,
locates the start of your trip based on the location via ur phone.
BACK
One other things to point out is that the percentage of people around the world in increasing . During a serious chunk of my research I cam e across vlogs of refugees progressing through their journeys. And while access s to wifi isn’t as abundant as we would like there are still many areas with in cities and refugee camps like Idomeni that are equipped with wifi.
DESIGN/PROGRAM
OPENING PAGE OF APP: REFUGEE OPENING INTERFACE
18:39PM FEB. 22.2019 FRIDAY
highlighted journey of commonly taken route.shape and graphic of line will change based on user input for each marker.
10
START TRIP
4.75
HOUSING
0
DANGER
1
10
10
3
4
10
FOOD 0
2800 MILE
SAFETY
8
ASMARA, ERITREA
ASMARA
200 MILE
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EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
2
this diagrm would pop up intially for you to being logging your journey. once you click on asmara eritrea you will move to the next screen.
BACK DESIGN/PROGRAM
OPENING PAGE OF APP: REFUGEE PLANNING INTERFACE
CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
this works to cater to multiple ethnicities- in order to do so it needs to be able to work in multiple languages.
FOR THIS OPENING PAGE THERE ARE A COUPLE THINGS THAT WILL BE ADDED IN THE NEXT INTERATION:
Drop down language menu as you progress thru the app you can save aspects of the information to help with your journey menu takes you to see saved info for your upcoming journey
1. ANOTHER DROP DOWN MENU ALLOWING USERS TO CHANGE FROM WHAT THE LIVE SCREEN SHOWS: A. DANGER B. REFUGEE CAMPS C. SAFETY ( BASED ON LOCAL CLIMATE, ACCESS TO FOOD & WATER, DESNITY OF PEOPLE WITHIN AN AREA)
49
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
live map showing conflict areas
allows you to see mapping of data collected from various users during their journeys begins to developing a map of information you note a you travel. type in your starting destination
DESIGN/PROGRAM
MAP 1. AFRICA. SCALE 1
CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
SHAPES ARE GENERATED BY THE DENSITY OF POSTS WITHIN THIS AREA. WHEN CLICKED ON SHOWS WHY THIS AREA IS DANGEROUS
RED LINE: PORTION OF THE JOURNEY WHERE MIGRATION IS FORCED DUE TO GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE. I.E-ISREAL FORCIBLY PUSHING REFUGEES OUT OF THE COUNTRY.
FOR MAP 1. SCALE 1: 1.ADD A TOGGLE MENU ALLOWING USERS TO CHANGE WHAT THE DESNITY POSTING AREAS SHOWS: A. DANGER B. REFUGEE CAMPS C. SAFETY next screen click anywhere on previous screen to get here
( BASED ON LOCAL CLIMATE, ACCESS TO FOOD & WATER, DESNITY OF PEOPLE WITHIN AN AREA)
2.SHOW LIVE CHANGES TO JOURNEY PATHWAYS, THE INFLUX OF DATA IS SO RAPID THAT THE SYSTEM HAS TO UPDATE CONSTANTLY.
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EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
BLUE LINE: FLEEING
GREEN LINE: SMUGGLING
SCROLLS TO THE LEFT AND TO THE RIGHT
DESIGN/PROGRAM
MAP 2. SURROUNDING ERITREA. SCALE 2
CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
SHAPES ARE GENERATED BY THE DENSITY OF POSTS WITHIN THIS AREA. WHEN CLICKED ON SHOWS WHY THIS AREA IS DANGEROUS
RED LINE: PORTION OF THE JOURNEY WHERE MIGRATION IS FORCED DUE TO GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE.
FOR MAP 2. SCALE 2: 1.ADD A TOGGLE MENU ALLOWING USERS TO CHANGE WHAT THE DESNITY POSTING AREAS SHOWS: A. DANGER B. REFUGEE CAMPS C. SAFETY next screen click anywhere on previous screen to get here
I.E-ISREAL FORCIBLY PUSHING REFUGEES OUT OF THE COUNTRY.
( BASED ON LOCAL CLIMATE, ACCESS TO FOOD & WATER, DESNITY OF PEOPLE WITHIN AN AREA)
2.SHOW LIVE CHANGES TO JOURNEY PATHWAYS, THE INFLUX OF DATA IS SO RAPID THAT THE SYSTEM HAS TO UPDATE CONSTANTLY.
53
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
BLUE LINE: FLEEING
GREEN LINE: SMUGGLING
POSTING MAKER REPRESENT GROUPS OF PEOPLE BASED ON THERI OVERALL RATING OF THE AREA. EACH CHUNK OF THIS MARKER AT THIS SCALE REPRESENT 50 PEOPLE. AND THE GRADIENT SHOWS AT A QUICK GLANCE DANGER LEVELS
POSTING MARKER AT THIS SCALE IT REPRESENTS 500 PEOPLE.
DESIGN/PROGRAM
MAP 3 & CLIMATE TOGGLE. PARTIAL PANO. SCALE 3 CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
Map 3 is a partial pano aiming to show a couple things.
FOR MAP 3. SCALE 3: 1.ADD A TOGGLE MENU ALLOWING USERS TO CHANGE WHICH USER POST THEY SEE. SO IF THEY JUST WANTED TO SEE JUST USER POSTS OVER TIME, OR AID GROUPS- THEY HAVE THE OPTION TO.
1.topography 2.a more detailed view of activity in the area. 3.duration and costs 1. Topography allows you to see from a birds eye view what to expect when traveling.
2.SHOW LIVE CHANGES TO JOURNEY PATHWAYS, click anywhere on previ- THE INFLUX OF DATA. next screen
ous screen to get here
3. IN CLIMATE TOGGLE ALLOW USERS TO SEE THE ENVIORNMENT BASED ON EACH MONTH. THERE ALSO NEED TO BE N OPTION TO SEE: 1.RAINFALL 2.MAJOR STORMS 3.GROUND CONDI TIONS
i.e: the area between eritrea and ethiopia is mountainous
EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
2. detailed activity within these pano there is user or user collected data about militias, government tensions, and aid groups in the area. Along with where they currently are you also see how they are moving in the area.
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3.duration and costs are shown via markers over location points. so for example over the shire refugee camp you’ll see one
SCROLLS TO THE LEFT AND TO THE RIGHT
white dots represnt non-app users location
POSTING MARKER AT THIS SCALE IT REPRESENTS 100 PEOPLE.
DESIGN/PROGRAM
MAP 4. TIME PANORAMA. SCALE 4 CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
Map 4 is a BOOTS ON GROUND pano aiming to show a couple things. 1.USERS WHO HAVE BEEN IN THE AREA UP TO 6 MONTHS AGO 2.YOU CAN SEE THEIR INDIVIDUAL BARS RATHER THAN IN THE POSTING MARKER. MAKING EASIER TO MAKE A COMPARISON BETWEEN EACH USER AND YOURSELF 3.NEXT STOPS CLOSETS TO YOU
FOR MAP 4. SCALE 4: 1.create a a system that also shows non-users density in this scale as well
next screen click anywhere on previous screen to get here
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EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
2. USERS OPACITY REPRESNTS TIME, THE DARKER THE SILHOUETTE THE MORE RECENT THAT INDIVIDUAL WAS THERE. SCROLLS TO THE LEFT AND TO THE RIGHT
users in red are highlighted because they have either caused or experienced something dangerous. users in red boxes have either been kidnapped or have unfortunately not made it past this point
POSTING MARKER AT THIS SCALE ONE BAR REPRESENT 1 PERSON
DESIGN/PROGRAM
MAP 5. YOUR JOURNEY. SCALE 5
CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
SHOWS CURRENT COUNRET YOU ARE IN, AS WELL AS THE COUNTRY IN WHICH ARE HEADING.
POSTING MARKERS REPRESENT OTHER CLUSTERS OF USERS IN THE AREA. BASED OFF THE GRADIENT YOU CAN SEE HOW THEY RANKED THAT AREA.
FOR AP 5 SCALE 5 THE MAP IN THE LEFT HAND CORNER CAN BE TAPPED ON TO EXPAND, SHOWING: 1. YOU PREDETERMINED PATHWAY 2. AREAS ALONG YOUR ROUTE WHERE YOUCAN SWITCH TO AN ALTERNATIVE PATHS next screen click anywhere on previous screen to get here
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EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
THICK LIGHT BLUE LINE REPRESENTS A SAVE ROUTE FROM PLANNING
THIN BLUE LINE REPRESENTS SYSTEMS RECCOMENDATIONS
DOTTED DARK BLUE LINE IS YOUR CURRENT JOURNEY POSTING MARKER AT THIS SCALE IT REPRESENTS 75 PEOPLE.
DESIGN/PROGRAM
APP USER PROFILE
CURRENT FUNCTIONS
FUTURE FUNCTIONS
SHOWS WHETHER USER IS CURRENTLY ACTIVE
GIVES BRIEF INTO ABOUT USER AND PROVIDES THE GENERAL RATINGS FOR THE AREA IN WHICH YOU CLICK ON THEM IN.
FOR USER PROFILE THERE WILL ALSO BE A GALLERY SECTION ALLOWING VIEWS TO GET A SNAPSHOT OF THAT USERS ENTIRE JOIRNEY FROM START TO FINISH. THIS WILL BE BASED ON POSTS THAT USERS HAVE UPLOADED
next screen click anywhere on previous screen to get here
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EXPLORING THE INTERFACE
SHOW USERS LAST JOURNEY
WOULD BE ANONYMOUS USER SELECTED NAME 9 NOT THEIR REAL NAME) TO PROTECT USERS FROM BEING TRACKED USERS WITH SIMILAR BACKGROUND, ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE SIMILAR EXPERIENCES AS THEY TRAVEL.
There were two parts to this project- the first was to physically create an app. Which can be seen in Part Two. The second part of the project was creating a presentation within Craive that could explain the logic behind the app. The image above highlights the network that begins to form between users as they capture their surroundings. Beneath it show the app the section within the app you are within and how the interface for this screen works. The app as an idea stands as an interesting medium between architecture and technology. Some of the questions that were asked in the begining of the project were: How can architectural skills and knowledge assist migrants in their search for refuge? What are the dangers refugees interact with, and why? Would have access to knowledge prior to embarking on journeys help mitigate some of the horrific casualities refugees experience? I have always wanted to be involved with the refugee crisis entering architecture. I was inspired by Shigeru Ban’s Paper homes. Sophmore year I rememebr feeling horrible that I wasn’t able to do more and that as an architect I couldn’t help. I now personally don’t beleive that is true. Aside from our urban planning abilities to our work of designing refugees home- I think one of the biggest things we as architect can offer is our ability to look at the world and act as the glue between so many things. Be it different disciplines, or different cultures- and it is my hope and desire within this project to attempt to do that.
-Nya Jackson
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Francesco Semprini in Tripoli and Jacob Svendsen in Tunis. (2017, October 30). Libyan path to Europe turns into dead end for desperate migrants. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/30/libyan-migrants-detention-centres-europe-unhcr A recount on the authors familiy attempting to leave Libya and the over scam they experience. After spending around 267 pounds they were detained by a local militia and turned into one of Libya’s detention center. Local Militias are hired by Libyan government to maintian and patrol popular sea routes to Liby. This is to prevent the influx of refugee entering the Italian border and in exchange the Italian government will help Libyan internally with their migrant crisis. Hermesauto. (2017, June 30). Advances and setbacks: A timeline of key ISIS battles in Iraq and Syria. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/advances-and-setbacks-a-timeline-of-key-isis-battles-iniraq-and-syria Isis is not a new name, but rather one that is quite concerning. Isis in conjunction with Al-Qaeda has for the past 14 years plagues the middle east. From Syria to Iraq these militias have wreaked havoc on the civilians and government institutions. Because of this many civilians became refugees fleeing from their homes. Libya profile - Timeline. (2018, September 03). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13755445 An extremely condensed history from 7th century Libya up until present day Libya. Map Of Africa And Middle East Countries. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://pasarelapr.com/detail/map-of-africaand-middle-east-countries-4.html Political map of Northern Africa, the various political fractions within Northern Africa had played a significant role in the reasons as to why vaious countries are in a state of disarray. R/syriancivilwar - Map of the Syrian refugee crisis in the Middle East. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.reddit. com/r/syriancivilwar/comments/1z4qy2/map_of_the_syrian_refugee_crisis_in_the_middle/ Map of refugee routes out of Syria Syria profile - Timeline. (2018, April 24). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14703995 A condensed history of Syria from the 1900’s up until present day syria. Syrian refugee crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help. (2018, November 21). Retrieved from https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/syrian-refugee-crisis-facts World Vision is another humanitarian organizations that put out a piece on the issue within Syria. The article layouts another recap of the situation and way that people around the world can help aid in the crisis. As well as what World vision has done to help such as providing health care, food, and child-friendly spaces. United Nations. (n.d.). Libya. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/libya.html UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency takes a quick snapshot the Libyan Refugee Crisis. From the estimation of the 1.3 million refugees that have been affected by the various Boko Haram and various militias throughout Northern Africa. The UNHCR speaks on their goals of aiding the crisis by trying to helping to end the detention of refugees in Libya. The whole article is a quick snapshot of the crisis and the goals of the UNHCR to provide help
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY University of Caen Normandy for AREC. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://atlas-caraibe.certic.unicaen.fr/en/page-31. html A map of the influx of people into the surrounding countries that are escaping from Venezuela. The country is currently in a economic depression and political upheaval, and to top it off the rate of violence and homicide has exponential increased over the past couple years. This has forced many residents to fled into Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Mexico and even into the United States. Venezuela profile - Timeline. (2018, August 29). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-19652436 A condensed history from 1490’s up until present day Venezuela under President Maduro https://www.cnn.com/2014/06/09/world/boko-haram-fast-facts/index.html https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2019/02/africa-refugees-190209130248319.html
IMAGE CITATIONS
(n.d.). Retrieved from http://mandalaprojects.com/ice/ice-cases/boko-haram.htm (2014, March 25). Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/travel/gallery/shigeru-ban-pritzker-prize-winner/index. htmlAfrica Population Map. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://mapofafricanew.blogspot.com/2017/07/africa-population-map.htmlAkour, O. (2014, April 06). UN alarmed by deadly Syrian protest in Jordan camp. Retrieved from https://news.yahoo.com/ un-alarmed-deadly-syrian-protest-jordan-camp-143829714.htmlBoko Haram attacks another Nigerian army base, neighbouring communities - Official. (2018, September 09). Retrieved from https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/282949-boko-haram-attacks-another-nigerian-army-base-neighbouring-communities-official.htmlFighting Insurgency in Nigeria: The Ultimate Price to Pay. (2018, December 25). Retrieved from https://clahrp.wordpress.com/2018/12/28/fighting-insurgency-in-nigeria-the-ultimate-price-to-pay/File:Koppen-Geiger Map South America present.svg. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_South_America_present. svgGeneva, U. (2018, December 19). Davantage de #réfugiés accueillis par des proches ou par le biais de permis de travail, selon une étude d’@OECD et @Le_HCR - https://t.co/wIp3sFexkH pic.twitter.com/deZXRVNpBP. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/UNGeneva/status/1075432068941791233Global Interest International. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://globalinterest.net/Nieuwe video Boko Haram toont vermiste Nigeriaanse meisjes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://nos.nl/artikel/2125552-nieuwe-video-boko-haram-toont-vermiste-nigeriaansemeisjes.htmlPoezia politică: ZAHIDA, de Miruna Vlada. (2019, March 17). Retrieved from http://www.platzforma.md/arhive/387225Staff, H. (2016, August 26). News in the Humanosphere: Worsening hunger crisis in Lake Chad region, warns UNICEF. Retrieved from http://www.humanosphere.org/news-rounds/2016/08/news-humanosphere-worsening-hungercrisis-lake-chad-region-warns-unicef/Suicides Have Surged at Thai Refugee Camp, UN Study Says. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/thai/thailand-refugees-06202017181129.htmlWhat you need to know about Africa’s refugees. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/interactive/2019/02/africa-refugees-190209130248319. html