2021
Up and Running with the Passive House Planning Package (9.7 IP) Module 3 | Class 3 | Results
ANNUAL HEAT DEMAND (energy)
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
1
2021
Q: How do you calculate the winter heating energy demand? A: QH = (QT + QV) - η
(QS + QI)
Solar + Internal GAINS
Transmission + Ventilation LOSSES Utilization Factor
bldgtyp | NYPH
Q T (Transmission Losses)
Q V (Ventilation Losses)
Q S (Solar Gain)
Q I (Internal Gain)
Q H (Winter Heating Energy Demand) bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
2
2021
Note: To try and make the PHPP better align to North American conventions, they are showing Heating Degree DAYS in this output. Confusingly though, that is not how the math actually works…
QT-srfc = Areasrfc
U-Valuesrfc
ft
Gt-winter
bldgtyp | NYPH
QV = VV
nv
CAIR
Gt-winter
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
3
2021
QS = r
SHGC
Awin.
G
bldgtyp | NYPH
QI = 0.024
Ht
qi
ATFA
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
4
2021
Total Losses Total Useful Gains
Heating Energy Need (Demand)
bldgtyp | NYPH
Non-Useful Gains
Transmission Losses
Solar Gains Walls Roofs
Floors
Internal Gains
Windows
Heating Energy Needed to balance out the losses Ventilation Losses
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
5
2021
bldgtyp | NYPH
PEAK HEATING LOAD (power)
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
6
2021
bldgtyp | NYPH
Peak Loads for Heat Pump Systems
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
7
2021
Q: How do you calculate the PEAK winter heating load? A: PH = (PT + PV)
Transmission + Ventilation LOSSES
(PS + PI)
Solar + Internal GAINS
bldgtyp | NYPH
Solar Gain?
Image: Copyright Royce L. Bair MMX
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
8
2021
7
od el P re di ct
5
ed Lo ad
4
(n o so la
3
r)
Daily Mean Specific Heat Load (W/m 2 )
M
6
2 1 0 -15C
-10C
-5C
-0C 5C Outdoor Air Temperature
10C
15C
20C
15C
20C
bldgtyp | NYPH
7
od el P re di ct
5
ed Lo ad
4
(n o so la
3
r)
Daily Mean Specific Heat Load (W/m 2 )
M
?
6
2 1 0 -15C
-10C
-5C
-0C 5C Outdoor Air Temperature
10C
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
9
2021
#1 Clear and Cold
#2 Mild and Cloudy
1. Internal Gains ‘Specific Power’ value is lower (assumes building is NOT fully occupied) 2. Heat losses through ‘shared’ party-walls are taken into account (assumes neighbors are away) 3. Increases the envelope air leakage rate (assumes its more windy than normal) bldgtyp | NYPH
P T (Transmission Losses)
P V (Ventilation Losses)
P S (Solar Gain)
P I (Internal Gain)
P H (Peak Heating Load)
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
10
2021
Supply Air Heating?
bldgtyp | NYPH
•
If the Peak Heat Load is reduced to a very low level (< 3 Btu/hr-ft²) then the heating energy needed can be delivered to the space through the fresh air supply system alone (ERV/HRV)
•
In this case, there is no need for a traditional system (boiler/furnace) which can equal substantial cost savings
•
Air ducts serve two purposes at once: 1) fresh air ventilation and 2) heating supply
But – there’s a problem in some climates: •
The ventilation supply flow rate is typically not sufficient to adequately dehumidify in mixed or hothumid climates, therefor a separate mechanical and duct system for the cooling may still be needed even if supply-air heating is possible.
•
In many North American regions, the winter is not very long but can be very intense (very cold temps). Hitting such a low Peak Load in these climates can be very challenging.
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
11
2021
32
68
F
F Extract Air from Int.
Intake Air Post Heater Exhaust Air
Supply Air to Int. 40
F
63
F
120
F Temperature sensor for thermostat mode in suitable reference room
Controller
bldgtyp | NYPH
Ti
Graphic: Passive House Institute
PRIMARY ENERGY
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
12
2021
losses
losses
Energy Demand “End Energy”
Site Energy “Final Energy”
Source Energy “Primary Energy”
bldgtyp | NYPH
Q: How do you calculate the total Primary (Source) Energy Demand? A: PE = ( Heating Energy
Heating Fuel Factor ) +
( Cooling Energy
Cooling Fuel Factor ) +
( DHW Energy ( Household Energy
DHW Fuel Factor ) + Household Fuel Factor(s) )
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
13
2021
PER < 19.0 kBtu/ft2-yr
PER < 14.3 kBtu/ft2-yr + > 19 kBtu/ft2-yr Renewable Energy
PER < 9.5 kBtu/ft2-yr + > 38 kBtu/ft2-yr Renewable Energy
bldgtyp | NYPH
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
14
2021
Surplus
Shortfall
bldgtyp | NYPH
Graphic: Passive House Institute
Stuttgart Building Consumption
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
Graphic: Passive House Institute
15
2021
Abu Dhabi
bldgtyp | NYPH
Graphic: Passive House Institute
Losses
DIRECT USE Short Term Storage
Losses
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
Graphic: Passive House Institute
16
2021
bldgtyp | NYPH
bldgtyp | NYPH
NYPH: Up and Running with PHPP
17