ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫إﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻺﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺩﺓ‬

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‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻚ ﺷﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫• ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫• ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫• ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫• ﰱ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫• ﰱ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫• ﰱ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫• ﰱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ‬ ‫• ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫• ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ‬ ‫• ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫• ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻖ‬ ‫• ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﰱ ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫• ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻖ‬ ‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴـﻊ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻣﻴﺜـﺎﻕ ﻣـﺮﺍﻛﺶ‬

‫ﻹﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀـﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﲟﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔ ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪﺍ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺍ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﲣﺼﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻰ ﻭﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﰱ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺻﺒﺢ ﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﰱ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٢‬ﻭﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﰱ ﺍﻧﺴـﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴـﻠﻊ ﻏـﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺩﺓ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰱ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻭ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻭ ﰱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ ﲣﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﻓﻬﻰ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﱃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٣٢‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﺎﺭﻓﺎﺭﺩ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷـﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻵﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﺖ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﻭﺕ ﻣﺜﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﻘﺐ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻭﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻓﺎﺗﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻟـﻚ‬ ‫ﰱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺪﺍ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٤٨‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎ ﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﺧﺮﻳﺞ ﻣﻌــﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﰱ ﻓﻼﺩﻓﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺳﻠﺴﺔ ﳏﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴـﻊ ‪CHECKOUT‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺧﱪ ﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺯ ﻳﻒ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺎ ﲟﻌﻬﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﻜﺴﻴﻞ ﻭﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤـﺮ‬ ‫‪ ٢٧‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﲔ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺠﺐ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺗﻪ ﻫﻰ ﻓﻜـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﺆﺩﻯ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺆﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﻥ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻨﻌﺎ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺗـﻪ ﻓﺎﺧـﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺪﺧﺮﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻭﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﰱ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﻞ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻜﻒ ﺑﺸﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﻻﻳـﺔ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳـﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻔﺮﻍ ﳊﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٤٩‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ‪ Classifying Apparatus and Method‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺭﻣﺰ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ﻛﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﻨﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‪.‬‬ ‫ﰒ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﺩ ﺑﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻮﺫﺝ ﻳﺘـﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ )ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ( ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪،‬ﻭﰱ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ‪ ١٠٢٣‬ﺳﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺭﲰﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٥٢‬ﻛﺎﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﰱ ﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٦٢‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻳﻨﺎﻫﺰ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻮﺵ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻭﱂ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻋﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻜﺮﻬﺗﻤﺎ ﺃﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﺒﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٦٦‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺩﻋﺖ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﺴﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٦٧‬ﰎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺳﺢ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﰱ ﳏﻼﺕ ﻛﺮ ﻭﺟﺮ ﻭﰎ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻮﺩ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﺗﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋـﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺓ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﺼﻘﺎﺕ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﳏﻼﺕ ﻛﺮ ﻭﺟﺮ ﺑﻠﺼﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺍ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻨﻔﲔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻲ ﻭﺗﺎﺟﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٦٩‬ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ‪ NAFC‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ‪ LOGICON‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﻰﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻲ ﳌـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻟـﺔ ) ‪ ( UGPIC‬ﰱ ﺻـﻴﻒ‬ ‫‪.١٩٧٠‬‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺭﻣﺰ ‪ UPC‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰱ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺣـﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ IBM‬ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻻﻭﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﺝ ﻓﻜـﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻔﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻭﻭﺩﻻﻧﺪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰱ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ IBM‬ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﰱ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٧٤‬ﰎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺳﺢ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ NCR‬ﰲ ﺳﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻭﻫﺎﻳﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﻭﰱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٧٤‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻜﻮﺩ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻮ ﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻜﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺋﻪ ﻟﻴﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﻛﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺘﺤﻒ ﺳﻴﻤﻮﺳﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻜﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ )ﺑﺎﻛﻮ ﻟﺒﺎﻥ(‬

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‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺮﺃﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﻱ ﻫﻮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﰱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﻬﺗﺎ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺎرآﻮد‬ ‫ﻟﻐﻮﻳﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺃﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﳘﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ BAR‬ﻭﻛﻮﺩ ‪.CODE‬‬

‫ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ Bar‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﲎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Code‬ﺗﻌﲎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ ﺗﻌﲎ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻛﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﰒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺒﻞ ‪ LABEL‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﲢﺘﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﺒﻀﻊ ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﳜﺰﻬﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﻬﺗﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺷﺨﺼـﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻋﺮﺽ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻭﳏﻠﻴﺎ ﰱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﻬﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺘﻘﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﱃ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﲟﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﻡ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱃ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﰱ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻯ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴـﻊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ‪EDI‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻰ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫•‬ ‫ﺃﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫•‬

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‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪(١‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺁﻻﰐ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺮ ‪S/W‬‬

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‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳛﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺩﺍﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺪ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻃﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﺒـﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻞ ﻟﻴﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﲢﺒﲑ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋـﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﻞ ‪ Label‬ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﺼﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻜﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﻴﺒﻞ ﻳﻼﺋﻤﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﰱ ﺛﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻭ ﲣﺰﻥ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺷﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻛﻨـﺔ ﰒ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﱃ ﺗﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ )ﺩﳚﻴﺘﺎﻝ( ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ )ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ( ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻻﱃ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ) ‪ (PC‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻭﳛﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﱃ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﻬﺗﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺑﺘﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﲝﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﻭﰱ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺗﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﰒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﺠﺮ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﱪﳎﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬

‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬

‫‪Keyboards‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ‬

‫‪Mice‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻤﺲ‬

‫‪Touch screens‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫‪Light pens‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

‫‪Scanners‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‬

‫‪Voice Recognition‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫‪Barcode Readers‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬

‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﰱ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪ /‬ﻫﻮ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﺟﺰﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺪﳎﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ /‬ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫‪(١‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬ ‫‪(٧‬‬ ‫‪(٨‬‬ ‫‪(٩‬‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬ ‫‪(١٣‬‬

‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ " ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻭﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ " ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﻟﺘﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺳﺢ ﺿﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻰ ﻭﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﳍﺎ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﻭﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﲝﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻰ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﰱ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬

‫‪١٣‬‬

‫‪(١‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬ ‫‪(٥‬‬ ‫‪(٦‬‬ ‫‪(٧‬‬ ‫‪(٨‬‬ ‫‪(٩‬‬ ‫‪(١٠‬‬ ‫‪(١١‬‬ ‫‪(١٢‬‬

‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻛﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺑﺎﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻥ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻧﺺ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪١٤‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻬﻧﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﳉﻬـﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﰒ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺺ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻐﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺈﺩﺧـﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺘﲔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻞ ﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﲞﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺇﱄ ﻧﺺ ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﻐﻞ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﻤﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﻫـﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ ﻭﻳﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺺ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻮﺣـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﰱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰱ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪CNC‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﻮﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻱ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻛـﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻻﻥ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ )ﺍﳌﻠﺼـﻖ(‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰﺀ ﳑﻴﺰ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪C‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

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‫‪EAN-13‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬

‫‪M‬‬

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‫‪C‬‬

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‫‪M‬‬

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‫‪C‬‬

‫‪I‬‬

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‫‪I‬‬

‫‪M‬‬

‫‪M‬‬

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‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC‬‬

‫‪CC= Country Code‬‬ ‫‪M = manufacturer‬‬ ‫‪I = item reference‬‬ ‫‪c = check digit‬‬

‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻓﻚ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺫﻭ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﺍ ﳒﺪ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﺎ ﻣﺴـﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻀـﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﺂﻻﰐ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ) ‪.( 1-1-1 ) ، ( bar - space - bar‬‬ ‫‪0=3-2-1-1‬‬ ‫‪1=2-2-2-1‬‬ ‫‪2=2-1-2-2‬‬ ‫‪3=1-4-1-1‬‬ ‫‪4=1-1-3-2‬‬ ‫‪5=1-2-3-1‬‬ ‫‪6=1-1-1-4‬‬ ‫‪7=1-3-1-2‬‬ ‫‪8=1-2-1-3‬‬ ‫‪9=3-1-1-2‬‬

‫‪١٧‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻟﻔﻚ ﺷﻔﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﰐ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﲔ) ‪ ( 043000181706‬ﻧﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ=‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ٤‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ٨‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪=١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔﺮ =‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ‪= ٦‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻘﺎﻑ =‬ ‫* ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪١-١-١‬‬ ‫‪٣-٢-١-١‬‬ ‫‪١-١-٣-٢‬‬ ‫‪١-٤-١-١‬‬ ‫‪٣-٢-١-١‬‬ ‫‪٣-٢-١-١‬‬ ‫‪٣-٢-١-١‬‬ ‫‪١- ١ - ١ - ١‬‬ ‫‪٢-٢- ٢-١‬‬ ‫‪١- ٢- ١-٣‬‬ ‫‪٢-٢- ٢-١‬‬ ‫‪١-٣-١-٢‬‬ ‫‪٣-٢- ٢-١‬‬ ‫‪١-١-١-٤‬‬ ‫‪١-١-١‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪-‬ﻋﻤﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﲎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ‪Optically Inverted‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﲑ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﳎﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱴ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫• ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬ ‫• ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‬ ‫• ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ‪........‬ﺍﱁ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛـﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳋﺰﻳﻨﺔ )ﻣﺎﻛﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ( ﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪UPC‬‬ ‫ﺍﱃ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ UPC‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﰱ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﺮ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﻭﻗﺘﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﻣﺸﻔﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒـﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ﻓﻌﻨﺪ ﻓﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺮﺓ ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﻌﻄﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺮ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﲟﺎ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﳉﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺮ ‪ S/W‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻧﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﰱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ‪ EAN 13‬ﻭﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﳛﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪4 0 0 7 6 3 0 0 0 0 1 1‬‬

‫ﻭﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﰱ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬

‫‪1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬

‫‪4 0 0 21 6 9 0 0 0 0 1 3‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎ ‪44‬‬

‫ﳒﻤﻌﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻘﺴـﻤﺔ ‪ ٤٤‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ‪١٠‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ‪ ٤‬ﻭ ﻳﺘﺒﻘﻰ ‪ ٤‬ﻭ ﺑﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﻫﻰ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪-١‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬

‫‪٦٣٩٣٨٢٠٠٠٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ ١١‬ﺭﻗﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ١٢‬ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﳒﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬

‫‪-٤‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬

‫ﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ٣ x‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ‪٩٦‬‬ ‫ﳒﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ‪١١‬‬ ‫ﳒﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﻴﺔ ‪ +‬ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ٣ x‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻉ ‪١٠٧‬‬ ‫ﻧﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻕ ) ﺃﻱ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ (١٠‬ﳒﺪﻩ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ٣‬ﻻﻥ‬ ‫‪١١٠ = ٣ + ١٠٧‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ‪ Check Digit ( ٣‬ﻫﻮ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ )ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ(‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ OPC‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺪﺍ ﺑﺄﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻧﻀﺮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ‪٢١٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﲎ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪٢ x‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪١ x‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪٢ x‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪١ x‬‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ‪ ٢ x‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﲡﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﻢ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﺳـﻨﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣـﻊ ﲨـﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻳﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺴﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﻕ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪Interleaved 2 of s‬‬

‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫‬‫‬‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ =‬

‫‪020711721‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫= ‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪2‬‬

‫* ‪0‬‬ ‫* ‪2‬‬ ‫* ‪0‬‬ ‫* ‪7‬‬ ‫*‪1‬‬ ‫* ‪1‬‬ ‫* ‪7‬‬ ‫* ‪2‬‬ ‫* ‪1‬‬

‫‪0+2+0+7+2+1+1+4+2+2 = 21‬‬ ‫‪21 ÷ 10 = 2‬‬ ‫‪remainder 1‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ = ‪ ٩‬ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ‬

‫‪10- 1 = 9‬‬ ‫‪Check digit = 9‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﺎﺟﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﻚ‬

‫‪Visual Basic‬‬

‫)‪Function Append_EAN_Checksum (RawString as String‬‬ ‫‪Dim Position as integer‬‬ ‫‪Dim Checksum as integer‬‬ ‫‪Checksum = 0‬‬ ‫‪For position = 2 to 12 step 2‬‬ ‫))‪Checksum = checksum =val(Mid$(RawString,Position,1‬‬ ‫‪Next Position‬‬ ‫‪Checksum = Checksum *3‬‬ ‫‪For position = 1 to 11 step 2‬‬ ‫))‪Checksum = Checksum + val(Mid$(RawString,Position,1‬‬ ‫‪Next Position‬‬ ‫‪Checksum = Checksum Mod 10‬‬ ‫‪Checksum = 10 - Checksum‬‬ ‫‪If Checksum =1 0 then‬‬ ‫‪Checksum = 0‬‬ ‫‪End if‬‬ ‫)"‪Append_EAN_Checksum = RawString & String $ (Checksum, "0‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﻚ ﻻ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﲢﻜـﻢ ﺍﻭ ﻛـﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﳐﺼﻮﺹ ﻓﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ ﺇﻻ ﻬﺗﻴﺌـﺔ ﺍﳌﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬ ‫ﻹﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﳍﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺟﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﻔﻜـﺮﺓ ﺍﳋـﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﰒ ﻣﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻛﻮﺩ ﻷﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﲡﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋـﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﻭﺀ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺍﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﳎﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﰒ ﺗﻘـﻢ ﺑﻘـﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺗﻮﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻊ ﻣﻠﺼﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻧـﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻵﻥ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﲢﻜﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ) ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ (‬

‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ‪ ١٢‬ﻧﻮﻋﺎ‬ ‫‪-١‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﺳﻠﻌﻲ ﺩﻭﱄ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪EAN 13‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪EAN 8‬‬ ‫‪-٢‬‬ ‫‪-٣‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ UPC - A‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺳﻠﻌﻲ ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﰱ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭﻛﻨﺪﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ UPC - E‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻣﻦ ‪UPC‬‬ ‫‪-٤‬‬ ‫‪-٥‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Code 11‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Intervealed 2 of 5‬ﻛﻮﺩ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳـﻊ ﰱ ﺍﻟﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪-٦‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻯ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫‪-٧‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Industrial 2 of 5‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﱘ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪-٨‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Industrial 2 of 5‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﱘ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪-٩‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Code bar‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﱘ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Plessey‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻗﺪﱘ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﰱ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﺭﻓﻒ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬ ‫‪-١٠‬‬ ‫‪-١١‬‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Nsi‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ Plessey Code‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰱ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ Post Net‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺁﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪-١٢‬‬

‫‪(١‬‬ ‫‪(٢‬‬ ‫‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪(٤‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ )ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻧﻴﻮﻣﲑﻙ(‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ‪ ٤‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫‪ Code 39‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻟﻸﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫‪ 93‬ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺏ‪ ٣٩‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ١٢٨‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺫﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﳑﺘﺎﺯﺓ ﻭﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Log mars‬ﻟﻮﺝ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ‪ ٣٩‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٢٢‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ‪ ٧‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫‪ PDF 417‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﳑﺘﺎﺯ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫‪ Data Matrix‬ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻹﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺻﻐﲑ ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪ Maxi Code‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺫﻭ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻵﱄ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫‪ QR Code‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪Data Code‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫‪Code 44‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫‪16 K‬‬

‫‪.١‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻳﻮﻛﻼ ﻧﺪ ‪ EAN‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ISBN‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ ISSN & SISAC‬ﳝﺜﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ ‪ OPC‬ﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺪ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ IFT 14‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺭﻣﺰ ﳊﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ‬ ‫‪ Co. Operative labels‬ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﲢﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﻮﻓﺖ ﻭﻳﺮ ‪S/W‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰱ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰱ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﳏﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰱ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﻭ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺴﻮﻕ ﳎﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫أﻧﻮاع ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺒﺎرآﻮد‪:‬‬

‫‪-١‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‬

‫‪BARCODE LABEL TYPES‬‬

‫‪-٢‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟـﺰﺋﲔ‬

‫)"‪SINGLE ("Dumb‬‬

‫)"‪2 PART ("Dumb‬‬

‫)"‪DUPLICATE ("Dumb‬‬

‫)"‪INTELLIGENT ("Smart‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬

‫‪-٣‬ﺑﻄﺎﻗـﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﺩﻭﺟـﺔ‬