Development Co-operation Report 2019: A Fairer, Greener, Safer Tomorrow

Page 1

Development Co-operation Report 2019

A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW

HIGHLIGHTS

Preface (9(5<21( *$,16 )520 ,17(51$7,21$/ &2 23(5$7,21 )25 DEVELOPMENT Why co-operate with developing nations?

and the partners of co-operation for GHYHORSPHQW <HW JRYHUQPHQWV VWUXJJOH WR HQJDJH WKHP PHDQLQJIXOO\ WR WHOO WKH complex and politically charged story of coRSHUDWLRQ LQ FRPSHOOLQJ ZRUGV WKDW VSHDN WR DOO JHQHUDWLRQV DQG WR UHVSRQG WR FLWL]HQVȆ RZQ DVSLUDWLRQV 7KH 'HYHORSPHQW &R RSHUDWLRQ 5HSRUW

7KH ࢉQDQFH NQRZOHGJH DQG LGHDV WKDW ࢊRZ

calls on providers of development co-operation

through development co-operation stem

WR FKDQJH FRXUVH :H QHHG D QHZ QDUUDWLYH WKDW

IURP VROLGDULW\ D PRUDO LPSHUDWLYH WR KHOS RXU

JRHV EH\RQG WKH UKHWRULF RI ȉXVȊ DQG ȉWKHPȊ

IHOORZ KXPDQV DV ZHOO DV IURP D YHU\ UDWLRQDO

we need to demonstrate how development

TXHVW IRU PXWXDO EHQHࢉWV :H ZLOO QRW EH DEOH

co-operation contributes to better lives by

to achieve fairer and more inclusive economic

VXSSRUWLQJ SHDFH EXLOGLQJ WKURXJK TXDOLW\

growth in our societies without greater global

early childhood programmes that give equal

VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW

RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR JLUOV DQG ER\V RU E\ EXLOGLQJ

The challenges we face today – climate FKDQJH ZLGHQLQJ LQHTXDOLWLHV DQG FRQࢊLFWV DPRQJ RWKHUV Č DUH QRW FRQWDLQHG

more autonomous administrations capable of FUDFNLQJ GRZQ RQ WD[ HYDVLRQ We also need more resolute action by

ZLWKLQ QDWLRQDO ERUGHUV 1HLWKHU DUH WKH

the development community to constantly

VROXWLRQV 7KH $JHQGD IRU 6XVWDLQDEOH

LPSURYH WKHLU SROLFLHV DGDSW WKHP WR

'HYHORSPHQW DQG WKH 3DULV $JUHHPHQW DUH

changing geopolitical and technological

JURXQGHG LQ WKH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKDW WDFNOLQJ

UHDOLWLHV DQG XSKROG WKH KLJKHVW WUDQVSDUHQF\

PDMRU V\VWHPLF SUREOHPV DQG WKH SROLWLFDO

DQG DFFRXQWDELOLW\ VWDQGDUGV

HFRQRPLF VRFLDO DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO FULVHV

Development co-operation cannot create a

confronting the world requires greater

SHUIHFW ZRUOG EXW LW GRHV KHOS FUHDWH D EHWWHU

LQWHUQDWLRQDO FR RSHUDWLRQ

RQH 2(&' JRYHUQPHQWV DQG WKHLU DJHQFLHV

Citizens worldwide are voicing their

QHHG WR VKRZ WKURXJK JUHDWHU DFWLRQV DQG

frustration and challenging leaders to act for

LQYHVWPHQWV WKDW GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ

FOLPDWH DQG JOREDO MXVWLFH 7KRVH FLWL]HQV OLYH

LV ࢉW WR WDNH RQ VW FHQWXU\ FKDOOHQJHV DQG

in wealthier countries where globalisation has

WKDW LW LV RSHQ WR ZRUNLQJ ZLWK GLYHUVH DFWRUV

OHIW SHRSOH DQG JURXSV EHKLQG LQ VPDOO LVODQG

7KH 2(&' ZLOO FKDPSLRQ WKLV UHSRUWȆV FDOO WR

developing states that face the immediate

DFWLRQ ZLWK WKH XOWLPDWH JRDO RI IRVWHULQJ

WKUHDWV RI JOREDO ZDUPLQJ LQ DXWKRULWDULDQ

EHWWHU OLYHV LQ DOO SDUWV RI WKH ZRUOG

societies where expressing dissent carries JUHDW SHUVRQDO ULVN DQG LQ SRRU FRXQWULHV WKDW ZLOO VXࢆHU WKH PRVW IURP FOLPDWH FKDQJH

Angel GurrĂ­a

7KH\ DUH WKH VKDUHKROGHUV WKH VWDNHKROGHUV

OECD Secretary-General '(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ

3

(GLWRULDO

:+< '(9(/230(17 CO-OPERATION MATTERS By Susanna Moorehead, Chair, Development Assistance Committee and Jorge Moreira da Silva, Director, Development

community must be two steps ahead of ORRPLQJ SUREOHPV ZKLOH UHPHPEHULQJ WR VWHS EDFN WR ORRN DW ZKDW ZH DUH GRLQJ ULJKW DQG ZKHUH ZH QHHG WR LPSURYH *RYHUQPHQWV DQG DOO RWKHU GHYHORSPHQW DFWRUV QHHG WR DVN WKHPVHOYHV LI WKH\ DUH DGDSWLQJ HࢆHFWLYHO\ 'HYHORSPHQW

Co-operation Directorate, OECD

FR RSHUDWLRQ LV GLࢆHUHQW QRZ FRPSDUHG WR

7KH ZRUOG KDV VHHQ UHPDUNDEOH SURJUHVV LQ

ORQJHU GRPLQDWH WKH JOREDO DJHQGD 7KH

the past decades: extreme poverty and child

rapid transformations of many developing

mortality rates have plummeted while literacy

countries into geopolitical powerhouses

DQG JLUOVȆ HGXFDWLRQ DUH RQ WKH ULVH $W WKH

mean that the old ways of dividing countries

VDPH WLPH WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPPXQLW\ KDV

LQWR FDWHJRULHV VXFK DV GRQRU DQG UHFLSLHQW

failed to live up to its commitments in far

GHYHORSHG DQG GHYHORSLQJ ULFK DQG SRRU QR

WRR PDQ\ DUHDV $OO IRUPV RI LQHTXDOLW\ DQG

ORQJHU DSSO\

WKH VWXEERUQ SHUVLVWHQFH RI SRYHUW\ YLROHQW

GHFDGHV DJR :HDOWK\ ZHVWHUQ QDWLRQV QR

<HW ZH RIWHQ NHHS RQ ORRNLQJ DW

FRQࢊLFW VWDWH IUDJLOLW\ DQG PDVV GLVSODFHPHQW

international development co-operation

UXQ FRXQWHU WR WKH VHQVH RI SURJUHVV 0RVW

WKURXJK WKHVH RXWGDWHG OHQVHV :H FRQWLQXH

SURIRXQGO\ WKH FOLPDWH FULVLV WKUHDWHQV WR

to tell stories that fail to resonate with the

both overshadow all other development

public and engage citizens in a meaningful

FKDOOHQJHV DQG WR RYHUWXUQ KDUG ZRQ JDLQV

ZD\ :H QHHG D QHZ QDUUDWLYH 7R LQVSLUH

$V ZH DSSURDFK WKH WDUJHW \HDU IRU

KRSH DQG VWURQJHU DFWLRQ WKLV QDUUDWLYH

ERWK WKH 6XVWDLQDEOH 'HYHORSPHQW *RDOV DQG

VKRXOG IRFXV RQ GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQȆV

WKH 3DULV $JUHHPHQW RQ FOLPDWH FKDQJH DOO

strengths while being honest about its

actors involved in sustainable development

VKRUWFRPLQJV $ QDUUDWLYH WKDW H[SODLQV KRZ

QHHG WR FRQIURQW WKH XUJHQF\ RI WKH PRPHQW

development co-operation is intricately tied to

,WȆV QRW HQRXJK WR UHVSRQG WR FULVHV DV WKH\

WKH ZRUOGȆV FKDOOHQJHV DQG LV ZHOO SRVLWLRQHG

DULVH )LUHࢉJKWLQJ ZKLOH QHFHVVDU\ DW WLPHV

WR DGGUHVV WKRVH FKDOOHQJHV 2QH WKDW

ZLOO QRW FUHDWH D IDLUHU JUHHQHU DQG VDIHU

demonstrates how development co-operation

ZRUOG 7R GR WKDW DOO QDWLRQV RI WKH ZRUOG

WKDW EHQHࢉWV HYHU\RQH DOVR DGYDQFHV

PXVW DFW UDWKHU WKDQ UHDFW 7KH GHYHORSPHQW

QDWLRQDO LQWHUHVWV $ QDUUDWLYH WKDW IRFXVHV RQ

8

'(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰ৮৯৷ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰ৮৯৷

WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI JOREDO SXEOLF JRRGV ZKLOH

local actors so that they can chart their own

SUHVHUYLQJ QDWLRQDO VRYHUHLJQW\

FRXUVH WR D JRRG OLIH +RZHYHU GHYHORSPHQW

7KLV QHZ QDUUDWLYH VKRXOG DOVR VSHDN

co-operation is not the only solution to

WR SHUVLVWHQW P\WKV DQG SHUFHSWLRQV ,W

WKH ZRUOGȆV SUREOHPV 2I FRXUVH QRW :KLOH

VKRXOG VSHDN PRUH RSHQO\ DQG IRUFHIXOO\

we have decades of evidence and a trove

DERXW GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQȆV VWURQJ

RI LQVSLULQJ VWRULHV WR VKRZ WKH EHQHࢉWV

DFFRXQWDELOLW\ V\VWHPV WKDW FDWFK DQG FUDFN

RI GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ ZH QHHG WR

down on corruption and share stories

GHPRQVWUDWH KRZ ZRUNLQJ LQWHUQDWLRQDOO\

DERXW LQQRYDWLYH VROXWLRQV /RRN IRU

UHVSRQGV WR ZKDW SHRSOH FDUH DERXW FOLPDWH

H[DPSOH DW KRZ LQWHUQDWLRQDO FR RSHUDWLRQ

KHDOWK EDVLF KXPDQ QHHGV DQG MXVWLFH

KHOSV FRXQWULHV PDNH VLJQLࢉFDQW VWULGHV

Changing the narrative of development

in eliminating corporate tax evasion and

FR RSHUDWLRQ ZLOO QRW EH HQRXJK 7R UHࢊHFW

ERRVWLQJ GRPHVWLF UHVRXUFHV IRU GHYHORSPHQW

QHZ UHDOLWLHV ZH FDQQRW MXVW FKDQJH WKH ZD\

&KDQJLQJ WKH QDUUDWLYH ZLOO QRW EH HDV\

ZH WDON DERXW GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ :H

,W LV GLࢇFXOW IRU SRVLWLYH GHYHORSPHQW QHZV

PXVW DOVR FKDQJH WKH ZD\ ZH JR DERXW LW

stories to gain traction when the media

2(&' 'HYHORSPHQW $VVLVWDQFH &RPPLWWHH

IRFXVHV DOPRVW H[FOXVLYHO\ RQ ZKDWȆV JRLQJ

'$& JRYHUQPHQWV DQG GHYHORSPHQW

ZURQJ ,WȆV QR ZRQGHU WKDW RXU SXEOLFV

agencies need to show in deeds not just in

often question the value of development

ZRUGV WKDW GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ LV ࢉW IRU

FR RSHUDWLRQ :H FDQ FKRRVH WR YLHZ WKLV

VW FHQWXU\ FKDOOHQJHV DQG EH RSHQ WR QHZ

questioning as a crisis of legitimacy or

ZD\V RI ZRUNLQJ ZLWK GLYHUVH DFWRUV

DV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ %HFDXVH DW WKH VDPH

The impressive progress made by many

time that our citizens – especially youth –

FRXQWULHV RYHU WKH SDVW GHFDGH KDV UHVKDSHG

are frustrated about what they perceive

WKH GHYHORSPHQW ODQGVFDSH &RXQWULHV

DV D ODFN RI DFWLRQ WKH\ DUH FUHDWLQJ

that not so long ago were themselves poor

their own narratives about sustainable

are now major players in reducing poverty

GHYHORSPHQW 7KLV SURYLGHV DQ RSSRUWXQLW\

HOVHZKHUH DORQJ ZLWK FLYLO VRFLHW\ WKH SULYDWH

for governments to channel the grassroots

VHFWRU DQG SKLODQWKURSLF IRXQGDWLRQV 2(&'

HQHUJ\ RI WKH SHRSOH ZH VHUYH

'$& PHPEHUV ZHOFRPH WKHVH QHZ SOD\HUV

We can promote a modern story that inspires

ZKLOH XSKROGLQJ XSGDWLQJ DQG SURPRWLQJ

KRSH HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH QH[W JHQHUDWLRQ

WKH KLJK VWDQGDUGV H[SHUWLVH DQG JRRG

We have to demonstrate that development

SUDFWLFHV ZKLFK ZH DSSO\ WR RXU ZRUN DQG

FR RSHUDWLRQ LV D PHDQV RI PDNLQJ RXU VKDUHG

encouraging others to draw on evidence

ZRUOG D VDIHU KHDOWKLHU DQG FOHDQHU SODFH

RI ZKDW ZRUNV :H PXVW UHLJQLWH WKH VSLULW

WR OLYH 7KH QHZ QDUUDWLYH PXVW UHVSRQG WR

RI HࢆHFWLYH GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ E\

WKH PLOOLRQV RI SHRSOH ZKR KDYH WDNHQ WR

ZRUNLQJ LPDJLQDWLYHO\ ZLWK WKHVH DFWRUV ZKLOH

the streets to demand action on the climate

UHWDLQLQJ RXU VKDUHG YDOXHV

FULVLV DQG LQHTXDOLWLHV :H DOUHDG\ KDYH D

7RGD\ȆV FRPSOH[ GLJLWDOO\ FRQQHFWHG ZRUOG

noble clarion call: our pledge to “leave no one

UHTXLUHV JRYHUQPHQWV WR PDNH D EHWWHU FDVH

EHKLQGÈŠ %XW WKLV FRPPLWPHQW LWVHOI PXVW EH

IRU GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ DQG PRUH

XSGDWHG WR LQFOXGH IXWXUH JHQHUDWLRQV ZKR ZLOO

HࢆHFWLYHO\ H[SODLQ ZK\ LW PDWWHUV :H PXVW

EH OHIW EHKLQG LI ZH GR QRW DFW QRZ

be honest about the myriad challenges it

Development co-operation has a unique

IDFHV DQG GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW GHVSLWH LWV ࢊDZV

role to play in building a better future

development co-operation can help create

because it has the power to provide a helping

D EHWWHU ZRUOG %\ SOD\LQJ WR RXU XQLTXH

KDQG XSWR FRXQWULHV WKDW DUH RQ GLࢆHUHQW

strengths and being nimble enough to

development pathways and to the poorest

UHVSRQG WR LQHYLWDEOH FKDQJHV ZH ZLOO HQVXUH

DQG PRVW PDUJLQDOLVHG SHRSOH RQ WKH SODQHW

that development co-operation remains vital

,W OHQGV H[SHUWLVH ࢉQDQFLQJ DQG VXSSRUW WR

DQG HࢆHFWLYH LQ EXLOGLQJ D EHWWHU IXWXUH IRU DOO '(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰ৮৯৷ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰ৮৯৷

9

ININ BRIEF BRIEF

,7Ȇ6 7,0( )25 $ 1(: DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION NARRATIVE ,7Ȇ6 7,0( )25 $ 1(: ] The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement DEVELOPMENT on climate change are grounded in the CO-OPERATION NARRATIVE understanding that tackling major systemic problems and the political, economic, social ] The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable and environmental crises confronting the Development and the Paris Agreement world requires co-operation. on climate change are grounded in the ] But the Sustainable Development Goals are understanding that tackling major systemic proving hard to reach. Progress is not fast problems and the political, economic, social enough, we are leaving people behind and and environmental crises confronting the failing to reach the furthest behind. world requires co-operation. ] The North-South divide has given way to ] But the Sustainable Development Goals are a more diverse and heterogeneous world proving hard to reach. Progress is not fast where international inequalities remain, enough, we are leaving people behind and but along a more graduated spectrum of failing to reach the furthest behind. development levels. ] The North-South divide has given way to ] Evolving, persistent and new challenges – a more diverse and heterogeneous world especially on the social and environmental where international inequalities remain, fronts – continuously test the development but along a more graduated spectrum of co-operation system and the actors within it. development levels. ] A new, increasingly complex, development ] Evolving, persistent and new challenges – co-operation system is taking shape. especially on the social and environmental Development co-operation is development needed more fronts – continuously test the than ever co-operation system and the actors within it. ] At its core, support for international ] A new, increasingly complex, development development is founded on an co-operation system is taking shape. understanding that problems are rarely Development co-operation is needed more contained within national borders. Neither than ever are the solutions to these problems. ] At its core, support for international

] The essence of development co-operation is to support developing countries in their HࢅRUWV WR LPSURYH WKH OLYHV RI WKHLU FLWL]HQV leaving no one behind. ] We need more, not less, co-operation and ] The essence of development co-operation collective action. is to support developing countries in their ] Nations and societies hold the keys to their HࢅRUWV WR LPSURYH WKH OLYHV RI WKHLU FLWL]HQV

own progress. co-operation can leaving no oneDevelopment behind. only help, but it must do it well. ] We need more, not less, co-operation and Callcollective for change of course through new action. words and action ] Nations and societies hold the keys to their ] We must not oversell the role of development own progress. Development co-operation can co-operation but should not shy away from only help, but it must do it well. championing its importance. Call for change of course through new ] We must play to our strengths and ensure words and action that development co-operation continues to ] We must not oversell the role of development increase our chances of a better tomorrow co-operation but should not shy away from for one and all. championing its importance. ] To get there, development co-operation ] We must play to our strengths and ensure providers need to: that development co-operation continues to ) modernise narratives inspire public increase our chances of ato better tomorrow for support one andand all. trust at home, especially with younger generations and voters; ] To get there, development co-operation ) retool to bestto:support the diverse providers need national pathways towards sustainable ) modernise narratives to inspire public development; and support and trust at home, especially with ) WHDP XS VPDUWO\ IRU HࢅHFWLYH younger generations and voters; development co-operation, playing ) retool to best support the diverse to their unique strengths as valuesnational pathways towards sustainable based, transparent and results-focused development; and development partners. ) WHDP XS VPDUWO\ IRU HࢅHFWLYH

development is founded on an understanding that problems are rarely contained within national borders. Neither are the solutions to these problems.

16

16

'(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ '(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ

16

16

'(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ '(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ

development co-operation, playing to their unique strengths as valuesbased, transparent and results-focused development partners.

A CALL FOR A

CHANGE OF COURSE IN DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION OECD DAC governments and their development agencies need to show through words, actions and investments that development co-operation is fit to take on 21st century challenges and open to working with diverse actors for long-term development results.

THE REPORT CALLS FOR A CHANGE OF COURSE AND ACTION ON THREE FRONTS.

1

2

3

NARRATIVE, MODERNISE IT TO:

RETOOL, BE FIT FOR PURPOSE TO:

TEAM UP, SMARTLY, TO:

Harness human solidarity and interests, focusing on tangible local actions and solutions to big issues that people care about. Respect the right and responsibility of each nation to chart its own course towards sustainable development, with due respect for the universal rights of all peoples and generations. Update words and language to shift perceptions to empowering all people and show how we all gain from progress in human well-being in other parts of the world.

Champion and safeguard the essence and value of concessional public finance for development in leaving no one behind. Step-up action for gender equality, which is fundamental for all societies – not only because it is right, but also because it provides keys to unlock the doors to progress. Invest in green and clean development co-operation, breaking silos between climate and development to promote people-centred, climate-resilient development pathways. Uphold, update and promote high standards, expertise and good practices on what works for sustainable development and well-being.

DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019 A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW Website: oe.cd/dev-coop

Reignite the spirit of effective development co-operation, especially in the face of short-term political and economic interests and pressures that are inconsistent with sustainable development. Catalyse knowledge, innovation, financing and capacity by teaming up smartly with public, private and civil society actors, being informed by their unique value, and equipped with the right incentives and safeguards. Co-ordinate across different policy communities to promote coherence in all areas of public policy and citizenship, with the aim to maximise global public goods while minimising any negative effects on sustainable development in other parts of the world.

A CLOSER LOOK AT DEVEL L L I H T N A T HE

AL NATIORNSHIP LEADE

AL ONS C LO UTI L SO LOCA

COV

AN RIGH UM

TS

H

C O-OPERATION DEV E LO P M E N T A C TO RS

E N A N TS

GLOB

L

AL

OF DEVELOPMENT

RULES &

MULTILATERAL SYSTEM

• SOV ER EIGN N ATION S • INDIVI D U AL S • CIV IL S OC IETY, N OT FOR P R OFI T ORGA N I S ATION S • MULTI L ATE R AL ORG AN I S ATION S

EQUAL

COVENANTS

OPPORTUNITY

• PHILA N THR OP IC FOU N D ATION S • PRIVATE S EC TOR

PRIN C I P LE S , STA N D A RDS AND VA LU E S • EQUA L OP P ORTU N I TY

F

FOR PROFIT • BANKS & BUSINESSES

• HUMA N R IGHTS • DEMOC R AC Y

ANT I

• A CCOUN TABI L I TY • NATION AL LE AD E R S HI P • SOLID AR I TY • PA RTN E R S HI P • RULES -BAS E D

E AT E IM G CL HAN C

• A NTI-COR RU P TION

INE

QUA

LIT

Y

CORRUP

ON TI

• TRA NS PAR E N C Y

NER REE

TAB UN I

Y LIT

ACC O

G

A NSP RE

Y NC

TRA

LOPMENT CO-OPERATION

TOMO

BETTER TOGETHER

RROW

GOVERNMENTS • EXCHANGING, PROVIDING AND SEEKING SUPPORT

S O LI D A

OCRACY DEM

A GENCY

RITY

D

CIVIL SOCIETY

AMIC YN CE R FO

FOUNDATIONS

ANTS FIRST

S

SE I R C E TH

O

Website: oe.cd/dev-coop

U SQ

U

T TA

S

SOLIDARITY

STRATEGIC STORY BY RIDG

Join the conversation on Twitter: @OECDdev, #FairerGreenerSaferDev

ȉ, IRUHVHH SRRU FRXQWULHV ZKR DUH FXUUHQWO\ ZHDNHU SDUWQHUV LQ GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ EHFRPLQJ NQRZOHGJHDEOH RI WKHLU ULJKWV DQG EHLQJ HPSRZHUHG WRZDUGV VHOI UHOLDQFH DQG WUXH FR RSHUDWLRQ %XW , DOVR IRUHVHH UHVLVWDQFH IURP WKH ULFK FRXQWULHV WRZDUGV WKLV JRDO &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKHUH ZLOO EH D WHPSRUDU\ PHVV LQ GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ EXW LW ZLOO ࢈QDOO\ OHDG WR WUXH GHYHORSPHQW FR RSHUDWLRQ Ȋ – Member of Southern Voice network

WHY DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION NEEDS A NEW NARRATIVE AND CLEAN BREAKS Globalisation has left many people behind, and the backlash is reverberating within countries and the international system. As OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría put it succinctly in 2018, trust in governments and institutions is plummeting and populism, protectionism and exclusive nationalism are on the rise (OECD, 2018[4]). OECD countries, most of which have been providing humanitarian and development assistance for more than 60 years, increasingly face sustainable development challenges at home. Since the financial crisis in 2008 many of the world’s richest countries are faced with rising wealth inequality, fraying social cohesion, and austerity policies (Ramos, 2018[5]). The impact of these trends on attitudes towards development co-operation is already being felt in some countries in the form of declining or stagnating budgetary allocations and political narratives and policy priorities that emphasise national, bilateral interests over support for multilateral engagement for sustainable development. The development co-operation system itself, sensitive to legitimate concerns that the global community is failing to follow through on its commitments is “in transition and perhaps even turmoil” (Ingram and Lord, 2019[6]). Yet the growing interconnectedness of economies and societies makes multilateralism and global governance more important than ever to reduce inequalities and to share benefits more fairly between and within nations. For a new narrative to be credible, resonate with people, reflect the complex and context-specific nature of international development today, and the universal vision of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, however, it requires more than just a change in language. It requires a clean break from outdated North-South development co-operation models, with words like ‘aid donor’ and ‘aid recipient’ that no longer ring true (Glennie, 2019[7]; Rioux, 2019[8]; USAID, 2019[9]). Recent reports published by the OECD and other organisations lay the groundwork for updating narratives to match today’s realities about development co-operation policies, partnerships, financing and results while staying focused on the prize of inclusive and sustainable development - for example (OECD, 2018[10]; OECD, 2018[11]; OECD, 2018[12]). Choosing the right narrative depends on the audience and what kind of messages resonate with them. Just like marketing or political campaigns, development narratives will have a greater impact if they are based on a deeper understanding of public attitudes and target a more refined set of audience segments. This means that development professionals need to strengthen their listening skills, in part by gathering insights through opinion polls, policy consultations, focus groups and social media analytics.

Note: The final paragraph was contributed by DevCom based on a video entitled “Good Listeners Make Great Development Communicators” OECD DevCom proposes five ways to better understand audiences: See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qso_LcHPhyY

DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION REPORT 2019 TRENDS AND INSIGHTS ON DEVELOPMENT FINANCE WHERE THE MONEY GOES What insights can be gleaned from this year’s profiles of development co-operation providers, OECD statistics on official development assistance (ODA) and private development finance, recent publications and DAC Peer Reviews? Significant changes in allocations to countries in 2016-17

Of the total 2017 ODA... from DAC members to fragile contexts

62% was for development programming

62% 13% was for

13%

peacebuilding efforts but only

2% of that total amount

25%

was for

25% was for humanitarian assistance

prevention

ODA TO LDCS BETWEEN 2016 & 2017

Prevention costs less than cure

THE MOST SIGNIFICANT INCREASES BANGLADESH

YEMEN

SOMALIA

SOUTH SUDAN

to USD 2.2 billion

to USD 1.3 billion

to USD 1.3 billion

to USD 1.7 billion

from USD 1.2 billion from USD 0.8 billion from USD 0.8 billion from USD 1.3 billion

THE MOST SIGNIFICANT DECREASES AFGHANISTAN

BURUNDI

from USD 3.2 billion from USD 0.6 billion to USD 2.8 billion

to USD 0.2 billion

Least developed countries are receiving a smaller share of DAC members’ total ODA

Honouring targets

LUXEMBOURG DENMARK

NORWAY

32.5%

}

These 7 countries all met the

SWEDEN

TURKEY

29%

0.7%

ODA/GNI target in 2017-2018

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

UNITED KINGDOM

2010

Flows to least developed countries Scope for morehistoric ‘greening’ of ODA below levels

Need to step up funding for gender equality

ODA from DAC members addressing gender equality as a principal or significant objective

ODAODA fromfrom DAC DAC members addressing gender members addressing environmental sustainability environmental sustainabilityand andclimate climatechange change

Bilateral allocable ODA, commitments, billion USD, 2017 constant prices 40

35

35

30

30

25

25

20

20

15

15

10

10

5

5 0 2010

2011

2012

2013

Principal

58

Bilateral allocable ODA, commitments, billion USD, 2017 constant prices

40

0

2017

2014

2015

2016

2017

Significant

'(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰ৮৯৷ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰ৮৯৷

2010

2011

Environment

2012

2013

2014

2015

Environment and Climate

2016

2017

Climate

USD 143.2 billion

OVERALL NET ODA FLOWS (preliminary data, 2017 prices) from DAC members in 2018 which decreased compared to USD 147.2 billion in 2017. Current levels of ODA do not match the collective ambition of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or the international commitments set out in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda. Comprehensive 2018 ODA data are not yet available for countries beyond DAC members.

USD 6.1 billion

PROVIDED FOR DEVELOPMENT in 2017 by the 26 private philanthropic foundations sharing data with the OECD. Foundations allocated USD 3.7 billion to health and population in 2017, making them the second most important source of development finance in this area after the United States.

50%

SHARE OF DAC MEMBERS that updated their development co-operation policies and strategies since 2017. New policies and strategies identify how members will contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries – both directly and by addressing global challenges – while also serving their national interests in areas such as trade and security.

USD 4.5 billion

CORRESPONDING TO 4% OF BILATERAL ODA, were dedicated to gender equality as a main objective in 2017, a figure that has not increased over recent years.

30%

SHARE OF BILATERAL ODA (USD 40.1 BILLION) supporting the environment in 2017 while one quarter (USD 30.7 billion) focused on climate change. Overall levels of ODA supporting environmental sustainability and climate change have increased over time.

USD 33.9 billion

FINANCING MOBILISED FROM THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN 2017 by official development finance interventions. At less than a quarter of ODA volumes in 2017, financing mobilised from the private sector is modest. Furthermore, foreign direct investment in developing countries fell by USD 70 billion, or 11% between 2015 and 2016.

37%

SHARE OF BILATERAL AID that was marked as “unallocated� by country in 2017, which increased from 25% in 2007. Better reporting is needed to fully track where ODA is going.

TEAMING UP

DAC MEMBERS’ ODA BUDGETS are managed across an increasing number of government departments and agencies. This broadens the pool of expertise available to solve development challenges, but brings with it challenges of co-ordination and coherence.

'(9(/230(17 &2 23(5$7,21 5(3257 ৰৎ৯ৡ $ )$,5(5 *5((1(5 6$)(5 7202552: k 2(&' ৰৎ৯ৡ

59

Development Co-operation Report 2019

A FAIRER, GREENER, SAFER TOMORROW This 57th edition of the Development Co-operation Report is intended to align development co-operation with today’s most urgent global priorities, from the rising threat of climate change to the flagging response to the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda. The report provides OECD members and other development actors with evidence, analysis and examples that will help them to reinvigorate public and political debates at home and build momentum for the global solutions that today’s challenges demand.

Read the full report oe.cd/dev-coop Follow the conversation #FairerGreenerSaferDev

Previous editions in the Development Co-operation Report series: 2018 Joining Forces to Leave No One Behind 2017 Data for Development 2016 The Sustainable Development Goals as Business Opportunities 2015 Making Partnerships Effective Coalitions for Action

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.