ADAPTIVE MANIFOLD ASSEMBLAGES Omar Kaddoura, Taeyoon Kim, Ogulcan Sulucay, Nicholas Rawitscher.
Tyson Hosmer AADRL 2017
Introduction
The goal of the workshop aims to construct an abstract architectural space that is continuous, topologically and materially complex yet can be explicitly 3D-modelled through simple procedures. This continuous architectural space will be broken down into a set of simple parts which will be studied as a reconfigurable assembly system. Teams will develop an analog coding language to describe recursive sequences of assembly that yield radically differentiated behaviours across field conditions to achieve an adaptable architectural language. Designs will address part-to-whole relationships along with variations in material andformal order over a continuous yet diverse range of scales in order to define a complex notion of space only achievable through contemporary digital design and fabrication methods. The project will be developed in parallel as a scalemodel, 3D-printed assemblage that considers fabrication constraints as opportunities to introduce visual qualities within the design, becoming intrinsic to a designed formal, spatial and material expression.
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I : MODELING EXPERIMENTS CHAPTER II : MINIMAL SURFACE CHAPTER III : PROTOTYPES & JOINTS CHAPTER IV : FINAL MODEL CHAPTER V : RECONFIGURABLE PARTS
Design Methodology The workshop will undertake a design research into spatial, formal and material expression through 3D-modelling and 3D-printing. Topologically complex polygon meshes will be developed using simple procedural operations developed through design catalogues. These procedures will investigate topological mesh modelling, rind modelling and strategise the role of manifold topologies to define architectural space. These formally complex models must be also developed as closed manifold meshes suitable for 3D-printing. Designs will aim to explore the limits of high-resolution fabrication, modelling and the use of texturing within 3D-virtual spaces and 2D-rendered visualisations. The workshop will operate through a continuous and iterative prototyping proceduresess
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CHAPTER I : MODELING EXPERIMENTS
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1.0 Modeling Experiments
GEOMETRIC CATALOGUE
2D
Square Plane
Pyramid
Geometry
Cube
3D
Dodecahedron
Helix
DIMENSION
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PRIMITIVE
EXTRUDE/BEVEL/PULL
BRIDGE/SCALE
MODULE
GEOMETRY
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1.0 Modeling Experiments
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01. CREATE PLANE
02. EXTRUDE, TWEAK
01. CREATE CUBE
02. SUBDIVIDE FACES
03. MIRROR, MERGE
04. MERGE VERTICES, TWEAK
03. EXTRUDE FACES
04. TWEAK VERTICES
05. DELETE FACES, EXTRUDE EDGES
06. MERGE, TWEAK
05. TWEAK EDGES
06. MIRROR, COMBINE, BRIDGE, MERGE
07. DELETE FACES, EXTRUDE, EDGES
08. EXTRUDE, MERGE, TWEAK, BRIDGE
07. SQUASH, TWEAK
08. TWEAK
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1.0 Modeling Experiments
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01. CREATE DODECAHEDRON
02. EXTRUDE FACES
01. CREATE PYRAMID
02. BEVEL
03. BEVEL
04. TWEAK EDGES
03. DELETE FACES, BRIDGE
04. MIRROR, COMBINE, BRIDGE, MERGE
05. MIRROR, COMBINE, BRIDGE, MERGE
06. MIRROR, COMBINE, BRIDGE,
05. MIRROR CUT, COMBINE, MERGE
06. MIRROR CUT, COMBINE, MERGE
07. SQUASH
08. MIRROR, COMBINE, BRIDGE, MERGE
07. SQUASH
08. TWIST, TWEAK, SCALE 2D
MERGE
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1.0 Modeling Experiments
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01. CREATE HELIX
02. MIRROR
01. CREATE CUBE
02. EXTRUDE
03. DELETE FACES
04. BRIDGE FACES
03. TWEAK
04.INSERT EDGE LOOP
05. INSERT EDGE LOOP
06. TWEAK EDGES
05. DUPLICATE
06. BRIDGE
07. EXTRUDE FACES
08. BRIDGE FACES
07. DUPLICATE SPECIAL, ARRAY
08.SQUASH
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1.1Prototyping
IINITIAL PROTOTYPING STUDIES
Failed prototype, low thickness, easy to clean
skeletal structure, hard to cleaning
Experiment with printing speed and quality, easy to clean
Nested skeletal structure, hard to clean
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Overlaping structure, medium resoltuion print
Nested skeletal structure, hard to clean
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CHAPTER II : MINIMAL SURFACES
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2.0 Minimal Surfaces
CATENOID is a minimal surface arising by rotating a catenary curve around an XY plane founded by Leonhard Euler in 1744
BATWING is a type of the Schoen minimal surfaces which originated from tetrahedron .
SCHWARZ minimal surface is a periodic minimal surfaces founded by Hermann Schwarz in 1865.
MINIMAL SURFACE EXPERIMENT: The purpose of the following experiment is to explore the toplogical aspects for some types of the minimal surfaces through polygon mesh modeling techniques. Using Autodesk Maya software, we try to demonstrate the potentials of predefined object, as well as the possibilities of evolving the minimal surfaces.
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SCHOEN minimal surface is originally founded by Alan Schoen in 1970 who came up with 12 new Triple periodic minimal surfaces based on skeleton graphs and spanning crystallographic cells.
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2.0 Minimal Surfaces
CATENOID MINIMAL SURFACE
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
3D VIEW
PROCESS
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01. CREATE PLANE
02. EXTRUDE, SCALE EDGE
03. DUPLICATE, ROTATE
04. DUPLICATE, MOVE, BRIDGE
05. BRIDGE
06. BRIDGE
07. BRIDGE
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2.0 Minimal Surfaces
BATWING MINIMAL SURFACE
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
3D VIEW
PROCESS
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01. CREATE CUBE
02. DELETE 3 FACES, EXTRUDE 4 EDGES
03. MIRROR X,Y AXIS, MERGE VERTICES
04. BEVEL EDGES, MERGE VERTICES
05. MIRROR X,Y AXIS, MERGE VERTICES
06. MIRROR X,Z AXIS, MERGE VERTICES
07. MIRROR X,Z AXIS, MERGE VERTICES
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2.0 Minimal Surfaces
BATWING MINIMAL SURFACE
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
3D VIEW
PROCESS
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01. CREATE CUBE
02. DELETE 3 FACES, EXTRUDE 4 EDGES
03. BEVEL EDGES
04. MIRROR X AXIS, DELETE 2 FACES, MERGE
05. MIRROR X,Z AXIS, MERGE, BRIDGE, EXTRUDE
06. EXTRUDE NAKED EDGES
07. EXTRUDE NAKED EDGES BRIDGE
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CHAPTER III : PROTOTYPES & JOINTS
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3.0 PROTOTYPES & JOINTS
PROTOTYPE STUDIES
Shoen minimal surface
Shwarz minimal surface
Variation of batwing minimal surface
Variation of final model
Shoen minimal surface
Shwarz minimal surface, based on Batwin
Test print study of final model
First prototype of some final model components
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3.0 PROTOTYPES & JOINTS
JOINT STUDIES
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JOINT A
JOINT B
JOINT C
JOINT D
PROS
PROS
PROS
PROS
- Strong & Secure connection - Strong against shear force and lateral force
- Strongest connection - Strong against shear force, compression and tension
- Slender & requires small volume - Strong against lateral force and compression
- Simple & applicable to many different situations - Strong against tension & compression
CONS
CONS
CONS
CONS
- Large section area - Connection volume
- Exposed to diagonal lateral force - No locking mechanism
- Large section area
- Loose connection - Locking mechanism requires extra thickness 31
3.0 PROTOTYPES & JOINTS
JOINT STUDIES
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JOINT E
JOINT X
JOINT Y
PROS
PROS
PROS
- Strong against axial compression and tension - Provides flexibility
- Extremely strong & secure connection
- Simple & easy to assemble - Strong against compression & tension
CONS
CONS
CONS
- Loose connection - Allows reconfiguration - Weak against lateral force and shear force - Requires volume and cavity
- Difficult to assemble - Difficult to apply to curvature due to thickness
- Weak against shear force - Introduces extra pattern
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CHAPTER IV : FINAL MODEL
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
DESIGN PROCESS
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEW
3D VIEW
PROCESS
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01. CREATE PLANE
02. EXTRUDE, DELETE FACES
03. MIRROR Y AXIS
04. MIRROR Z AXIS
05. EXRUDE EDGES, TWEAK VERTICES
06. TWEAK VERTICES
07. EXTRUDE EDGES, BRIDGE, TWEAK
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DESIGN PROCESS
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
COMPONENT TYPES
Joint B4 - Connect Comp E
Joint B3 - Connect Comp E
01. A-COMPONENT/ 12 TIMES
02. B-COMPONENT/ 12 TIMES
Joint B2 - Connect Comp E
03. C-COMPONENT/ 6 TIMES
04. D-COMPONENT/ 3 TIMES
Joint D - Connect Comp A & B&C
Joint B1 - Connect Comp G&F
05. E-COMPONENT/ 6 TIMES
06. F-COMPONENT/ 6 TIMES Joint Y - Connect Comp A&F
07. G-COMPONENT/ 3 TIMES
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08. H-COMPONENT/ 22 CUSTOMIZED
The Final Model has 93 joints in three different types applied in 5 different ways in terms of scale and angle.
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
JOINTS APPLICATION
Joint Y - Connect Comp A&F
Joint B3 - Connect Comp E
Joint D - Connect Comp A&B&C
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Joint B2 - Connect Comp E
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
JOINTS APPLICATION
Joint D - Connect Comp A&B&C
Joint D - Connect Comp D&E
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COMPONENT TYPES
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Type E
Type G
Type H
Ultimaker 2.0
Ultimaker 2.0
Ultimaker 2.0
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Infill density
25%
25%
25%
25%
60 mm/s
Print speed
60 mm/s
60 mm/s
60 mm/s
60 mm/s
120 mm/s
120 mm/s
Travel speed
120 mm/s
120 mm/s
120 mm/s
120 mm/s
Everywhere
Everywhere
Everywhere
Support placement
Everywhere
Everywhere
Everywhere
Everywhere
15%
15%
15%
15%
Support density
15%
15%
15%
15%
Dimensions
99.5 X 59.4 X 68.8 mm
80.5 X 115.1 X 62.2 X 67.0 X 105.0 mm 74.1mm
53.6 X 42.6 X 49.8 mm
Dimensions
136.0 X 104.2 X 106.2 mm
132.4 X 45.8 X 73.5 X 169.5 X 53.6 X 42.6 X 103.5 mm 55.0 mm 49.8 mm
Material type
PLA
PLA
PLA
PLA
Material type
PLA
PLA
PLA
PLA
Number of pieces
12
16
6
3
Number of pieces
6
6
3
6
Total material use
34.08 m
47.07 m
24.06 m
4.71 m
Total material use
44.04 m
47.58 m
12.03 m
27.06 m
Total printing time
30 hours
36 h 8 min
7 h 68 min
3 h 9 min
Total printing time
26 h 34 min
36 h 48 min
7 hours
20 h 94 min
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
Printer type
Ultimaker 2.0
Ultimaker 2.0
Ultimaker 2.0
Ultimaker 2.0
Printer type
Ultimaker 2.0
Layer height
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
2.0 mm
Layer height
Infill density
25%
25%
25%
25%
Print speed
60 mm/s
60 mm/s
60 mm/s
Travel speed
120 mm/s
120 mm/s
Support placement
Everywhere
Support density
Type F
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
PRINTER VOLUME
255 X 280 X 287 mm
223 X 205X 287 mm
223 X 205X 152 mm
223 X 205X 287 mm
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463.0 X 423 X 160 mm
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
PRINTED FINAL PARTS
Component type C
Component type B
Component type F
Component type A
Component type B
SComponent type D
Component type E
Component type G
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OVERALL ASSEMBLY LAYOUT
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
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MODEL PICTURES
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4.0 FINAL MODEL
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CHAPTER V : RECONFIGURABLE PARTS
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5.0 Reconfigurable parts
BODY PLANS
2D single closed cell growth
Component Iteration 01
iteration 03
Batwing Mnimal surface
2D loop growth Iteration 01
Iteration 03
Iteration 05
2D linear growth Iteration 01
Iteration 03
Iteration 06
2D open cell growth Iteration 01
Component B
Iteration 04
Iteration 10
3D open cell growth Iteration 04
Iteration 08
Iteration 15
3D closed cell growth Iteration 01
Iteration 08
Iteration 12
2D Closed cell growth Iteration 03
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Iteration 06
Iteration 10
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5.0 Reconfigurable parts
SYNTAX
CA.M
CB.F.01
CA.F
CB.M.01
CB.M.02
Syntax CB.F.02
Rotate = Rot Orientation plane = {o}
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Connection vector = Con.Vec
Component B = CB
Random interval = Ran
Male Joint 01 = CB.M.01
Component A = CA
Male Joint 02 = CB.M.02
Male Joint = CA.M
Female Joint 01 = CB.F.01
Female Joint = CA.F
Female Joint 02 = CB.F.02
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5.0 Reconfigurable parts
RECONFIGURABLE PARTS
CA
CA
CA
2D closed loop
2D linear growth
2D loop growth
(Ran ->CA.M or CA.F) -> {o} ->Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.F or CA.M) -> (Rot 90)
(Ran ->CA.M or CA.F) -> {o} ->Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.F or CA.M) -> (Rot Ran 90 or 180)
Itearations: 03
Itearations: 08
(Ran ->CA.M or CA.F) -> {o} -> Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.F) -> (Rot 90) (CA.F) -> {o} -> Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.M) -> (Rot 180)
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Iterations: 07
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5.0 Reconfigurable parts
RECONFIGURABLE STUDY
CA
CA + CB
CA + CB
2D open cell growth
3D open cell growth
2D loop growth
(CA.M) -> {o} -> Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.F) -> (Rot 90) (CA.F) -> {o} -> Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.M) -> (Rot 180) Itearations: 16
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(Ran -> CA.M or CA.F) -> {o} ->*Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.F or CA.M) -> (Rot Ran 90 or 180) Itearations: 24
( Ran ->CB.M.01 or CB.F.01 or CB..M.02 or CAB.F.02) -> {o} ->*Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.B.F.02 or CA.M) -> ( Rot 90 or 180) Itearations: 20
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5.0 Reconfigurable parts
RECONFIGURABLE STUDY
CA + CB
CA + CB
CA + CB
2D open cell growth
3D open cell growth
3D open cell growth
(Ran ->CB.F.01 or CB.M.01) -> {o} -> Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.B.M.02 or CA.F) -> (Rot 90 or 180 )
(Ran -> CB.M.01 or CB.F.01 or CB..M.02 or CAB.F.02) -> {o} ->*Con.Vec -> {o} -> (C.A.M or CA.F or C.A.M or CB.M.02) -> ( Rot 90 or 180)
(Ran -> CB.M.01 or CB.F.01 or CAB.F.02) -> {o} ->*Con.Vec -> {o} -> (Ran ->C.A.M or CA.F or C.B.M.01 or CB.M.02 or CA.M or CA.F) -> ( Rot 90 or 180)
Itearations: 10
Itearations: 24
Itearations: 24
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