Rick Roberts Site Development Plan by Kieran Hymers

RICK ROBERTS SITE

CONTENTS PAGE | FRAMEWORK

HISTORICAL SOCIAL

A. BACKGROUND

DEMOGRAPHY

LOCAL IMPACT

ECONOMIC

HOUSE PRICES

POLITICAL

LOCAL PLANING

PHYSICAL

LAND STUDY

GOVERNANCE

RESEARCH & ANALYSIS

BUILDING HEIGHT TRANSPORTATION SURROUNDING FACILITIES/ ACCESSIBILITY (SCHOOL)

WHAT IS COMMUNITY?

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

CONCEPT

CREATING COMMUNITY

GREEN & BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

4 TYPES OF ARCHIGRAM

FORMALITY

KEY PRINCIPLES

SECTION ANALYSIS SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS MASTER PLAN BLOCK STRUCTURE

COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES LAND USE BUILDING HEIGHT

DESIGN

FLOOR RATIO ACCESSIBILITY

ROAD FOR CAR ROAD FOR PEDESTRIAN

HOW TO DESIGN FOR A COMMUNITY

SECTION OF ROAD OPEN SPACE

GREEN NETWORK BLUE NETWORK PUBLIC SPACE

TOPOGRAPHY

RELATION TO THE GREENWAY

CASE STUDY

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY

STRATEGIES

CLT PARTICIPATORY ENVIROMENTAL DESIGN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS TACTICAL URBANISM

HOW TO FOSTER A COMMUNITY

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | HISTORICAL

RICK ROBERTS WAY 1970S

CONTEMPORARY SITE The Legacy Plan provided a long-term sustainable plan for the Olympic Park, the main areas are supposed to transform to public green infrastructure and several communities. According to the new Local Plan, there are 5 main residential areas in Legacy site, and the Rick Robert way site is supposed to be the 6th community. EXISTING Source: digimap.com newham.gov

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHICS

Population: 10273

AGE

POPULATION DENSITY

Average Age: 37

In terms of the overall population density, the population density of the entire Olympic area is relatively low compared with the surrounding areas. More specifically, the areas with higher population density are old industrial areas that have not yet been renovated.

16 - 34

0 -15

In terms of age, the number of young people aged 16 to 34 is the largest, followed by people aged 35 to 64. There are few elderly people in this area, and the number of teenagers under 15 is also very small.

35 - 64

Over 65

EDUCATION Above London-average proportion of people with no qualifications.The number of people with intermediate education level is relatively small, while the number of people with high education level is generally large.At the same time, about 20% of the people in the existing old industrial zones have no academic qualifications.

No qualification

1-4 GCSEs Level

5+ GCSEs Level

2+ A Levels

Qualification - Degree

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | DEMOGRAPHICS

COUNTRY OF BIRTH

Born outside Euro

Born in Euro

Born in UK

Born in Euro (outside UK

Born outside Euro

Born in UK

In the Olympic area, about 60% of the people were born in UK and about 15% were born in Europe. This shows that the background of the population in this region is relatively complex and mixed.

HOUSEHOLD OWNERSHIP Owned Household

Socially Rented

Privately Rented

Owned Household

Privately Rent-

Socially Rent-

In the Olympic area, the proportion of Owned household is very low, less than 30%, and most of the houses are privately rented or socially rented.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Unemployed Employed

Employed

Unemployed

Retired

In the Olympic area, less than 15% of the people do not have jobs, while most of the rest are employed, but they concentrated in the southwest of the area. In addition, a small number of people have retired.

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | ECONOMIC

BOROUGH OF NEWHAM

THE ECONOMY

The population of Newham is 353,245 people. By 2030 the population is estimated to reach 440,000. Newham is the 3rd most populous borough in London.

353,245 £29,002

The average annual pay is much lower compared to other boroughs. Making it the 7th lowest paid borough and with the average London pay at £43,000.

£389,000

The average price paid for a property in Newham is still lower than the London average of 460,000. 25.2% of dwellings are overcrowded.

13.4X

House prices in Newham are 13.4x higher than wages. In the rest of the London house prices are 10.6x higher than wages.

PROPERTY TENURE Own outright Rent local authority Rent private landlord Bought w/mortgage

The largest proportion of property is rented on the private market, with the second being local authority.

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLITICAL CAN A COMMUNITY BE CREATED THROUGH DESIGN?

Community Development usually contains four key elements...

1). The needs of the area summarised into a well-planned programme 2). Self-help encouragement 3). Technical Assistance 4). Integration of the specialisations of residents (Langworthy, 1964)

Design solutions which help foster these elements in its development in a spatial sense are necessary to the creation of a successful community (e.g. community centres, social public spaces, etc.) ...

However, it is not enough to just simply design such spaces to produce communities, it is a continually ongoing process. (Langworthy, 1964)

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLITICAL

The LLDC Local Plan, adopted in 2015, lays out t he corporation’s strategy for development across the whole of the Olympic Legacy Area. It contains a mixture of policies that should be adhered to in seeking planning permissions, as well as outlining the Rick Robert’s Way (RRW) site and the development principles they hope will guide the construction of its built environment. Policy sections as well as the RRW subarea have both been outlined below. ‘Developing business growth, jobs and lifelong learning’ SP.1: Building a strong and diverse economy ‘Providing housing and neighbourhoods’ SP.2: Maximising housing and infrastructure provision within new neighbourhoods ‘Creating a high-quality built and natural environment’ SP.3: Integrating the built and natural environment ‘Securing the infrastructure to support growth’ SP.4: Planning for and securing infrastructure to support growth and convergence ‘Creating a sustainable place to live and work’ SP.5: A sustainable and healthy place to live and work Sub Area 3: Central Stratford and Southern Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park 3.1: Stratford High Street Policy Area 3.2: Improving connections around central Stratford Site Allocation SA3.6: Rick Roberts Way “Comprehensive, mixed use development of residential with education uses including provision of an all-age school or equivalent education provision and open space.”

Source: London Legacy Development Corporation, 2015, p.208 Some Key Development Principles Source: London Legacy Development Corporation, 2015

• “Maintain the openness of the Metropolitan Open Land along the western boundary of the site.” • “Development shall respect the existing character, scale and massing of the site.” • “Enable safe access to the secondary school for pedestrians and cyclists.” • “Proposals to include Local Open Space including play space and BAP habitat.” • “Building heights generally less than 36 metres above ground level, grading down to the south-east.”

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLITICAL

The Legacy Communities Scheme (LCS) is a set of documents outlining how the LLDC wish to develop neighbourhoods trhoughout the legacy area. A summary of relevant documents included within the LCS, and summaries of the documents as quoted by the LLDC are as follows:

“This statement outlines ... broadly the current position of housing and social infrastructure near to the LCS and sets out the housing and social infrastructure that is part of the LCS.” “This statement describes the pre-application consultation processes that have informed the LCS development proposals.”

“This statement outlines how the application has responded to current and emerging national, regional and local planning policy.”

LCS “... the Design and Access Statement (DAS) sets out the vision for the site, as well as details of access, scale, character, use and landscape, including illustrative examples of how they might be implemented.”

“This statement considers the potential impacts of the LCS on particular groups, as well as any appropriate measures to avoid those impacts, making sure the LCS promotes equality of opportunity, cuts out unlawful discrimination and encourages good relations between different groups.”

“This strategy details the provision of green spaces in the area of the Planning Application including open space, biodiversity areas and playspace.” “This report is a summary of the full Environmental Statement, addressing the likely significant positive or negative effects that the proposed project may have on the environment, consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects.”

“This assessment ... identifies the measures to deal with the anticipated transport impacts of the scheme and to improve accessibility and safety for all modes of travel, particularly for alternatives to using a car, such as walking, cycling and public transport.”

Source: London Legacy Development Corporation, 2012

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLITICAL

PLANNING HISTORY There has already been development throughout the Olympic ‘Legacy Area’ which have been shaped by the previous documents. It is necessary to see how they have been specifically affected by the LLDC LP and LCS, and whether the outcomes have been beneficial or problematic. A summary of the area’s Planning History in the form of existing/proposed developments can be found below.

EAST VILLAGE

GLASSHOUSE GARDENS

SUGAR HOUSE ISLAND

All these developments, which are at various stages of construction, can be seen to meet or have been guided by the aforementioned policy documents. For example, the LLDC Local Plan has as one of its objectives as “Create a high-quality built and natural environment that integrates new development with waterways, green space and the historic environment.” (LLDC, 2015, p.13). All three areas exhibit this connection of the built environment in terms of green space, etc, dedicating large parcels of land for such uses. However, the pursuit of large areas of green spaces to be in line with the policy documents has lead to these areas becoming visually very appealing (which helps sell properties), but failing at the social level in terms of helping to foster community and meeting their specific needs. This highlights similar trends across these sites in trying to meet policy, they create places which feel bare in their usage. Other critical comments from our site visit include: • Quiet public realms during midday • Building material colours feel quite ‘drab’ and ‘cold’ • Movement feels very guided • Housing marketed mainly towards those on higher income brackets

Source: Mayor of London, 2020

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | POLITICAL

WHAT IS DESIGN GOVERNANCE? It is important to recognise the responsibility that Urban Design has in relation to the Governance of the site. In order to do so, theories and understandings have been drawn from the work of Matthew Carmona entitled ‘Design Governance: Theorizing an Urban Design sub field’ (2016). This will be used to try to analyse the existing and potential governance of the Rick Robert’s Way site.

“The process of state-sanctioned intervention in the means and processes of designing the built environment in order to shape both processes and outcomes in a defined public interest.” (Carmona, 2016, p.705) “A major factor [uniting the built environment of various global cities] ... seems to be the shaping of cities through crude standards and regulations as a substitute for actually engaging in a place-centred design process.” (Carmona, 2016, p.707) Urban governance is seen to hold characteristics of... “the mode of operation, whether ideological (directed at particular political objectives) or managerial in style; the relative concentration of public authority, whether centralized or disaggregated, including to arm’s length agencies, and the power to deliver, whether public or market-oriented” (Carmona, 2016, p.712) Design governance operates: (1) in the public interest; (2) through multiple means and processes of design; and (3) as ultimately a responsibility of the state.” (Carmona, 2016, p.720) Source: Carmona, 2016

ACTUAL The LLDC being created as a specific Local Authority for the development of the ‘Legacy Area’ provides a centralised form of Authority. The Local Plan (2015) for the area can be seen as an Operation with both Ideological and Managerial characteristics, seeing as policy is designed to offer a vision of the future whilst also specifying how development forms.

When? Continually... Design Governance in the Built Environment should be an ongoing process!

How? Design quality governance of developments should be an inclusive, state-led process, but one that reaches out to all stakeholders in order to shape places in the best way possible.

Most of the Power comes from market driven forces as can be seen across the ‘Legacy Area’. This can be seen in the form of developments such as the East Village, where the desire for economic profitibaility is reflected in the quiet and dull built environment.

POTENTIAL There is the potential to increase the public Power across the site through the introduction of specific interventions as part of a Community Involvement Strategy. Providing the means by which the local community are given greater decision-making power enables development that focuses more-so on meeting social/environmental issues, as oppossed to the sole pursuit of economical gains. There is the possibility to increase the quality of Design Governance through continual reviews of any proposed design ideas throughout the design process. This helps ensure the built environment will specifically meet the issues faced at various scales (Locally, Nationally, etc.).

A) BACKGROUND RESEARCH & ANALYSIS | LAND STUDY

Land Use Analysis

Industry / Factory Commerical Use (always mix with other function Residential Housing Traffic Station School GreenINDUSTRY/FACTORY space / Allotment COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSING TRAFFIC HOUSING SCHOOL GREEN SPACE/ALLOTMENT

GREEN SPACE SPORTS AREA COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL AREA HOSPITAL EDUCATION UNDER CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIAL CAR PARK

Starting with the land study we intended to analyse the useage of land in and around the site. With The Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park comprising around 560 acres of land (Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park 2020). Much has already been developed. The area has created a diverse mixture of uses location as seen in the map on the left. With ample space dedicated to green and leisure facilities. The map above shows around Rick Roberts site and the facilities/mixture of uses. Offering again a diverse range with predominantly industry to the north east of the site.

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | BUILDING HEIGHT

Encompassing the site there is a variety of building typologies and building height. Directly overlooking the site is the tallest building in Stratford, that being the Halo tower at 132m. To the south there is a mix of 20th century architecture with the tallest being mid-century tower blocks. and far lower industrial type buildings eastwards.

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | TRANSPORTATION

Using Space syntax website we were able to develop the map of the surrounding site to show exactly the highest traffic areas and most used roads. Using this analysis we can begin to develop where exactly access networks to the site can be placed. With Rick Roberts way being a fairly low traffic zone in part due to the nature of the road. A windy road which is mainly used to access the two industrial facilities on the road. High Street the arterial road at the north of the site is a very high traffic road with many vehicles using it per day.

TFL 2020

Space Syntax 2020

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | SURROUNDING FACILITIES & ACCESSIBILITY

Map showing the variety of amenities within XX radius of the site. The location of the site provides it with great access and opportunities to many different schools, sports and recreation, shopping opportunities and parks. With the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park to the north west of the site, it provides plenty of pedestrian walkways and paths leading off from the Rick Roberts plot. Accessible via crossing ‘High Street’ which is the arterial road running west of the designated site. High Street provides an access point for both vehicles and pedestrians.

FACILITIES SURROUNDING THE SITE.

5 KM RADIUS OF PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AROUND SITE.

5 KM RADIUS VEHICULAR ACCESS.

GREEN AND BLUE INFRUSTRUCTURE GREEN AND BLUE INFRUSTRUCTURE

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | GREEN & BLUE INFRASTRUCTURE

LLarge ARGE Aareas REAS Oof F Ggreen REEN SPspace ACE ARare E COconnected NCENTRATEDon ON THEcentral CENTRAaxis. L AXIS the

LEE VALEY PARK

WESTFIELD STRATFORD CITY

GREEN AND BLUE INFRUSTRUCTURE

The ofF W waterways and crossways/bridges. THE distribution DISTRIBUTION O ATERWAYS AN D CR OSSWAYS, BRIDGES

STADIUM

24 CROSSWAYS LINKS THE TWO SIDES

24 CROSSWAYS LINKED THE T WO INDICATIVE SIDES

The green space in the site served with some infrastructures, and some attractions, which have a potential of a strong attraction. The leisure green space are wellequipment with good pedestrian and cycling road.

MOORINGS

INDICATIVE MOORat ING S whole area and the surroundings, and Look the compare the existingThere green and water the legacy is a space contibuous plan, there are some potential public green system ring through the area. site.The connection There is a continuous water system ring through the cross the water site. The connection infrustructure infrastructure cross the water supposed be enough (about supposed be enough (about 24). Most of beths are 24). the sustainable theory, use natural forms. Some use the sponge city method. Due to the linked structure of Due to the linked the structure the water, the water, theoftranportation transportation on the waterway is also an important on the waterway is also an proposal in the plan. important proposal in the plan.

Most of beths are natural forms. Some use the sustainable theory, use the sponge city method.

VISITOR TRADE LEISURE MOORING RESIDENTIAL

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH |FORMALITY FROM THREE LEVELS

TY AND INFORMALITY

ROADS

FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY FORMALITY FROM THREE LEVELS

FROM BUILDINGS

The analysis of the formality and informality was from three urban levels:

FROM BUILDINGS From three level to analyze the formality and informality: 1 Urban Design (Roads) 2 Buildings 3 Green Space

020202

1 Urban Design (Roads) 2 Buildings 3 Green Space

Extract the detail form and distribution of green space. The green space are “planned to be informal”, they are designed, but not over determination, and in natural informal forms.

The diagrams show the formal, informal and some semi-formal areas of urban grain, buildings and green lands. Extract the detail form and distribution of green space.

SEMI-FORMAL

The green space are “planned to be informal”, they are designed, but not over determination,

INFORMAL

and in natural informal forms.

FORMAL

SEMI-FORMAL SEMI-FORMAL FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY FORMALITY FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY AND INFORMALITY INFORMAL INFORMAL

MGBSUILFDRIN FROM BUFILRDOIN OG MSBUILDINGS The study of formality in study area is to help do some tissue studies and explore the potential grain of our site. The existing community structure is shown on the diagram, the Legacy plan want to build six communities this area, and our site, which on the edge of this area, is supposed to be the seventh. Within the legacy area, some key views are identified, the local governance mentioned to keep those views during sustainable development.

POTENTIAL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE EXSISTING STRUCTURE POTENTIAL STRUCTURE POTENTIAL EXSISTINGSTRUCTURE STRUCTURE EXSISTING STRUCTURE EXISTING POTENTIAL STRUCTURE

KEY VIEWSVIEWPOINTS KEY VIEWS KEY VIEWS

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | SECTION ANALYSIS Combining two of the sections here to create an amalgamated version. We took the section directly in the middle of the site facing North west. The section in this direction clearly highlights the building height in their diversity. With the 132mHalo tower sitting central to our sight this is something we took into account as it encroaches upon our site.

A) ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH | SECTION ANALYSIS This section similar to the previous is a north west cut through the centre of the site. As seen above the terrain in the site varies with the site itself almost feeling like a bowl surrounded by the Victorian footpath to the left and the raised terrain housing warehousing to the right.

SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS • Site is located with many local amenities nearby. • Arterial busy road to the north with heavy flow of cars. • Access to adjacent Olympic Park is good, with pedestrian crossings and walkway. • Rick Roberts Way itself is relatively quiet road. • Mixture of uses nearby. • Ample green infrastructure, with plenty of parks nearby • Population density is low with middle aged individuals being largest group. • High percentage of well educated in employment. • Multicultural and diverse neighbourhoods. • Continued growth into interconnected communities. • The production/maintenance of a sustainable community is an ongoing process. • Local policies require the site to convey lots of open space and play-spaces, as well as inclusion of an education centre. • Previous developments in the OL area have delivered mixed results in following the related policy guidance for future development. • Already multiple forms of governance in the area, also room to alter such governance too.

B) CONCEPT | COMMUNITY DEFINITION DEFINING COMMUNITY

“a unified body of individuals”

In a development/spatial sense, the ‘unifying’ aspect is in geographical location which is shared by its members. This can range in scale from a whole town to a specific street (at a hyper-local level).

(Merriam-Webster, 2020)

It should be noted that communities are usually focused at more local levels as opposed to national, as it is at this level that its members hold a greater level of ownership and connection with the places in which they live (Smith, 2019). Members of a community do not need to share the exact same characteristics as one another, in fact, opposing viewpoints within a community help in developing the necessary discussion to give appropriate representation of (almost) everyone within such a community (Smith, 2019).

Members of an existing community are best placed to understand the needs of the locality...

•

LOCAL ISSUES CAN VARY WIDELY BOTH WITHIN AND BETWEEN DIFFERENT AREAS

•

THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE WITHIN THESE AREAS EXPERIENCE THESE PROBLEMS IN THEIR EVERYDAY LIFE

•

DESIGN SOLUTIONS MAY ALSO BRING WITH THEM ADDITIONAL UNINTENDED NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES

•

DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE DESIGNERS AND THE COMMUNITIES ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY

•

NEW IDEAS THAT MAY NOT HAVE BEEN THOUGHT OF

B) CONCEPT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION THE NECESSITY OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

The Definition of Community Building

Community building is a holistic approach that focuses its efforts on people.It is dedicated to the idea that residents must take control of their destiny, and that of their communities.Community building grows from a vision of how communities function normally where community members create community institutions, that help to achieve their aspirations as well as strengthen community fabric. Pseudo-participation was categorized as: • Domestication- this involves informing, therapy, and manipulation. • Assistencialism- This includes placation, and consultation. (Deshler and Sock 1985 ) People’s participation, where control of the project rests with administrators is pseudoparticipation.The participants only listened and accepted passively in this process and did not really contribute to the results.

Community building integrates traditional topdown approaches with bottomup, resident driven initiatives to create a network of part-nerships among residents, management and community organizations.

The Purposes of Community Participation Information exchange

Resolving conflicts

Supplement planning and design

Participation reduces the feeling of anonymity and communicates to the user a greater degree of concern on the part of the management or administration.With it, residents are actively involved in the development process;there will be a bettermaintained physical environment, greater public spirit, more user satisfaction and significant financial savings.The main purposes of participation are:

• To involve people in design decision-making processes and, as a result increase their trust and confidence in organizations, making it more likely that they will accept decisions and plans and work within the systems when seeking solutions to problems. Genuine Participation was categorized as: • Cooperation- this refers to partnership and delegation of power. • Citizen control- which means empowerment. (Deshler and Sock 1985 )

• To provide people with a voice in design and decisionmaking in order to improve plans, decisions and service delivery.

In this process, the participants, planners and government officials have equal status, and their good cooperation has jointly contributed to the formation of a good community.

• To promote a sense of community by bringing people together whom share common goals. (Sanoff 2017)

trust and confidence in organizations

Bring new ideas/ Bring people Reach a consensus together

B) CONCEPT | COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION

HOW TO DEVELOP COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION?

FOUR CATEGORIES OF PARTICIPATION

Sanoff ( 2017) have said that Participation can be addressed effectively if the task of participation is thought of in terms of what is to be accomplished when the need is acknowledged to involve citizens. Conceptualizing the issue means asking simple ques-tions of who, what, where, how, and when?

WHO Individuals

WHAT Goals

HOW Methods

WHERE & WHEN

Groups

Different types of community activities require different organizational methods matched to purposes. Methods such as community workshops and charrettes allow for diverse interests. They may afford the opportunity for participants to have control over decisions.

Time

Implementation

This experience involves discovering or rediscovering the realities of a given environment or situation

when the how to, where to,when to, and who will do it must be added to what people want and how it will look.

Individuals or groups affected by design and planning decisions

For example, is the participation intended to generate ideas, to identify attitudes, to disseminate information, to resolve some identified conflict, to review a proposal

Field

Awareness

It is necessary to decide where the participants should be involved;that is in development, implementation, evaluation or some combination thereof.

Perception

This entails going from awareness of the situation to under-standing it, and its physical, social, cultural, and economical ramifications

Decision-Making This phase concentrates on working from awareness and perception to a program for the situation under consideration

Burns (1979) classifies participation in four categories or â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;experiencesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Also, Sanoff noticed that experiences in the participation process show that the main source of user satisfaction is not the degree to which his/her needs have been met but the feeling of having influenced the decisions.

Therefore, people must stay in-volved, throughout the process, and take responsibility with their professionals to see that there are results (Hurwitz 1975)

INTRODUCTION OF RELATED COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY CLT

The opportunity for local residents to have control over the land and properties. Removing property from the hands of the private sector ensuring it remains affordable.

PARTICIPATORY DESIGN

EDUCATION

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

TACTICAL URBANISM

In the stage of development, people should have more decision-making power. In the property process of a high-quality community, residents should not only pay attention to housing issues, but also pay attention to public life and green environment.

Utilising a school as a community hub and providing the school with ample green infrastructure around allowing inner city children to experience a deeper connection with nature.

By designing a set of development processes, residents can have a variety of opportunities to participate in the design and construction process so as to express their personal opinions and make the community truly belong to them.

Specific participation in the design of temporary structures within the urban fabric of their neighbourhoods for specific events, etc., providing residents with a greater sense of ownership.

B) CONCEPT | COLLAGE

Vision for Rick Roberts Way...

CONNECTED ACTIVE HOMELY

FOR ALL

ADAPTABLE

COMMUNITY

GREEN RESILIENT

ENJOYABLE

ACCESSIBLE OPEN

• Public infrastructructure to make references to the Olympic area. • Create safe waterspace which encourages usage of space. •Incomplee forms in public space to trigger activities. • Dialog between communities.

• Materials used should compliment the current Olympic legacy regeneration area. • Site should include climate mitgation techniques. • Variety of public space with ample green area too. • Incorporate design measures which link to the history of the site.

• A youthful and diverse neighbourhood. • Prioritising walkability and public transport measures. • A green and vibrant use of all space to encourage biodiversity. • Reflection of the historical context of the space.

• School oriented community. • Inclusive for all age groups. • Architectural vernacular is diverse, paying homage to London’s East End industrial past. • Commercial streets bring vitality to the community.

LIVELY

HERITAGE

B) CONCEPT | KEY PRINCIPLES

UTILISING THE DEVELOPMENT AS A

THE DEVELOPMENT WILL HELP MITIGATE

A DEVELOPMENT WHICH IS EASILY

‘20-MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOOD’

THE UNCERTAINTY OF OUR FUTURE CLIMATE

ACCESSIBLE TO ALL.

THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SOLUTIONS

THE PRIORITISATION OF SUSTAINABLE

THE APPROPRIATION OF SPACE THAT CAN

NURTURE NATURE AND ENCOURAGE

TRANSPORT MODES OVER PRIVATE MOTOR

BE ENJOYED AND USED BY ALL, WHETHER

AND PROTECT BIODIVERSITY.

VEHICLES.

YOUNG OR OLD.

DEVELOP AND OFFER A VARIETY OF

THE CREATION OF A COMMUNITY LAND TRUST

INCLUDE A SCHOOL AS A HUB FOR

HOUSING TYPES WHICH PRIORITISES

WHICH WILL ALLOW FOR GREATER COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY AND EDUCATION.

AFFORDABLE LONG TERM HOUSING

CONTROL OVER THE FUTURE DECISIONS AND USE OF THE SITE.

THE SITE SHOULD FEATURE BUILDING

THE DEVELOPMENT WILL FEATURE A MIXTURE

PROVISIONS FOR A VARIETY OF PLANTING

DESIGN WHICH BALANCES BOTH A

OF HEIGHT DENSITY, TALLER STRUCTURES

MEASURES TO INCREASE THE SITE’S AESTHETICS,

FEELING OF ENCLOSURE (FOR SAFETY)

TO THE NORTH, STAGGERING THE BUILDING

PROVIDE NATURAL SCREENING AND SHADE,

WITHOUT RESIDENTS FEELING TRAPPED

DOWNWARDS SOUTH.

AND CREATE A HEALTHIER

AND OVERLOOKED.

ENVIRONMENT FOR RESIDENTS.

B) CONCEPT | 20 MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOOD

The 20 minute neighbourhood is a planning theory which revolves around the premise that almost all amenities people need and use should be within a twenty minute distance of the place in which they live, as pioneered by the city of Melbourne (Plan-Melbourne, 2020). We believe though our research that our site is in an ideal location to pioneer this theory. As the maps above show with many facilities within a 5KM radius the Rick Roberts site would allow the community there to have access to; doctors, shopping, recreation & leisure, sports facilities and schooling.

AFFORDABLE HOUSING OPTIONS HOUSING DIVERSITY MULTI GENERATIONAL SAFE SPACES

THE 20 MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOOD

The concept of the neighbourhood unit put forward in the early 1900s by Clarence Perry, is an early diagrammatic planning model for residential development in metropolitan areas. This kind of community is centred on primary schools and all public facilities are within a 5-minute walking distance. Curvilinear street design is used for both safety and aesthetic purposes. Besides, at least 10 percent of the neighbourhood land area is dedicated to parks and open space, creating places for play and community interaction.

PARKS & RECREATION PLAY GREEN SPACE COMMUNITY GARDEN SPORTS FACILITIES

SHOPPING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES CONNECTIVITY TO WIDER REGION VIA TRANSPORT

SCHOOLS MEDICAL LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES

SAFE CYCLING PUBLIC TRANSPORT WALKABILITY

B) CONCEPT | OBJECTIVES

GREEN NEIGHBOURHOOD

• • • • •

Diverse in plants and trees Reduce Co2 Encourage horticulture Biodiversity Self sustainable

ADAPTIVE TO CLIMATE

• Reduce risk of flooding • Utilising Solar & Wind

AFFORDABLE

• Building variety • Social Housing • 50% Affordable housing

ACCESSIBLE

• • • • •

Utilising the 20 min neighbourhood. Accessible for all ages Disabled friendly design Public transportation Social spaces

C) DESIGN | SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

ACCESS

PUBLIC SPACE

PLOTS

GREENERY

After conducting ample background research into the site and surrounding area we set about sketching possible spatial structures. Here are some sketches of the individual components that go into designing a space. We drew each individually and then layered them one by one on top of each-other to create the plan.

PEDESTRIAN ROUTE SHARED STREET

VEHICULAR ROAD

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

BLOCK STRUCTURE

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

ACCESS

PLOTS

According to the surrounding environment and the landscape conditions in the plot, different levels of traffic links are created. Specifically, the northwest part of the plot is High street, with a large flow of people. In addition, the garden in the south of the plot and the gas holder inside the plot, these kind of elements need to be given priority to providing transportation links for them.

According to the access, the site is divided into small plots of different sizes. In addition, in order to promote community participation, a small plot in the site will be used to build a community center, which will not be built at the beginning of the construction.

PUBLIC SPACE

GREENERY / WATER

On the basis of dividing small plots, different levels of public space are arranged. The largest public space will be built utlizing the original gas holder and pool. The secondary public space is located at the junction of several plot, and the smallest one is located in plot.

Greenways on the west side of the plot are design challenges. According to the layout of public space, greenways are actively linked with the largest public space. At the same time, according to the gap between the greenway and the plot, a waterway connecting the rivers is set up beside the greenway.

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE MASTER PLAN / PLOT The planning master plan is to give an overview of our project about the spatial design structure, the following design story will be deepened on this basis.

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

DETAILED DESIGN FOR THE PUBLIC SPACE

The red brick architectural style is compatible with the background of the old industrial district of East London , preserving the original city memory

The gentle slope bicycle path is connected with the city greenway on the west side of the base, making the public space presents different levels

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF COMMUNITY ACTIVI-

THE BIGGEST Activity frequency: Once a week

THE MEDIUM Activity frequency: Once every two or three days

THE SMALLEST Activity frequency: Everyday

THE COMMERCIAL STREET Activity frequency: Everyday

THE LANDSCAPE CORRIDOR Different levels of public activity spaces correspond to different frequencies of use, but this is not absolute. And public spaces of various levels are connected by pedestrianized spaces. For example, the living commercial street in the center of the site links the largest public space with the smallest public space. In addition, the water corridor next to the urban greenway also provides interesting activity space. More importantly, the original park on the west side of the site is also connected through another commercial street in order to trigger more public activities.

Activity frequency: Everyday

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

6 - 13 Floors

5 - 10 Floors

4-6 Floors

1-3 Floors

The building height of each small plot is set so that the building height of the entire plot decreases from west to east.

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

MIX OF DIFFERENT FUNCTION

MIX OF MARKET HOUSING AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING

The affortable house should not be separated by the market house, instead they should mix with each other in every small plot.

Floor space :

38858.3 m²

Affordable house space :

9714.6 m²

The number of affordable house:

108

Floor space :

68511.5 m²

Affordable house space :

30830.2 m²

The number of affordable house:

343

The Average size of properties in UK is 90 m²

Apartment

Residential

Commercial

Community Center

School

Multifunctional Use

Office

The proportion of different affordable house is set according to the situation of different plots. Specifically, the proportion of affordable house is relatively low for apartment plots near high street, with a minimum value of 25% and 45% for other plots. After comprehensive balance, the overall proportion is not less than 45%.

C) DESIGN | BLOCK STRUCTURE

GOVERNANCE OF EACH PLOT RATIO

FLOOR AREA RATIO =

FAR: 3.7

FAR: 2.5

FAR: 1.8

Gloss floor area Area of the whole plot

FAR: 1.8

FAR: 0.9

FAR: 1.5

Gloss floor area: 10081.55 ã&#x17D;¡ Area of the whole plot: 4.8 ha FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) = 2.10

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

ACCESSIBILITY

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

The design of our site can be seen to allow for increased connectivity between the north-east and south-western areas outside the development site. This allows all residents inside the site, as well as those living outside to gain easier access to key uses such as those displayed above.

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

ROAD HIERARCHY 1). Main Route 2). Primary Pedestrian/Cycle Route 3). Secondary Pedestrian/Cycle Route 4). Complete Road Hierarchy

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

The main road layout will focus around a one-way motor vehicle route, enough for public transport to get through whilst also slowing down traffic. Parking spaces integrated into pavement sparingly to discourage car use. A large one-way protected cycle lane and wide pavements encourage active travel mode usage, with the pedestrian pavements also allowing enough space for active frontages to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;spill onto the streetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;.

Visual Inspiration

Sources: Schmitt, 2019; Leach, 2012; Pinterest.com, 2020

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

MAIN ROUTE 1:100

Source of Road Size Guidance: Biddulph, 2007

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

The Primary Pedestrian and Cycle route will feature two, opposite facing cycle lanes to allow for quick movement between buildings. This and the wide pedestrian pavements provide similar aforementioned benefits. Furthermore, the wider streets provide a good balance between visual safety and overlooking, whilst the removal of vehicular access further discourages car use on site.

Visual Inspiration

Sources: Andersen, 2014; IDTP.org, 2020; Kreuger, 2020

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

PRIMARY PEDESTRIAN/CYCLE ROUTE 1:100

Source of Road Size Guidance: Biddulph, 2007

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

The Secondary Pedestrian/Cycle route will be thinner than the previous road layouts, featuring a two-way bike lane and singular pedestrian path to provide access around the periphery of the site. There is a section close to the existing Greenway (see below) that provides access between it and the site. To deal with the steep slope the path will feature a zig-zag pattern gently rising up into the Greenway, leading out onto its top for wider access outside the site. The width of the path is neccessary to meet the maximum steepness of 1:12 for easy manouverability by wheelchair users, as outlined in the UK Wheelchair Ramp Regulations (1992).

A good visual example of how this might look can be seen in the picture above (FolkestoneJack, 2017) of a coastal path in Folkestone, Kent. The combination of gentle zig-zagging slopes and the natural environment make it visually exciting and stimulating.

C) DESIGN | ACCESSIBILITY

SECONDARY PEDESTRIAN/CYCLE ROUTE & GREENWAY 1:200

Source of Road Size Guidance: Biddulph, 2007

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

OPEN SPACE

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE The open space design is focused on how to use public to let people communicate and create the community atmosphere. The key point is not the physical appearance but the dialogue between people and landscape, the effect they brought to each other. According to our key objects, the green and blue design will be considered both from the climate and social effect. All design strategies were done with maximize the greenery and public participation in mind. Strategies are well-connected with each other to add on the aims. The challenges brought by the boundaries and height difference will be solved and becoming interesting parts. Users in the buildings, in the public areas, and in the surrounding areas are all considered in.

GREENERY

TREES

URBAN SPACE

SHARED STREETS

ACTIVITIES

SOCIALISATION

EXERCISE

COFFEE

SITTING

SHOPPING

SOCIALISING

TRAILS

BENCHES

FOOD & DRINK

PEOPLE WATCHING PHONE USER

We wanted to ensure a variety of typologies were utilised in creating a diverse and vibrant public realm. One that prioritised nature and encouraged bio-diversity. In particular spaces which allowed people to engage, participate and to thrive. Some of these diagrams show the types of spaces we plan on utilising in our design for the site in conjunction with meeting the key principles originally set out.

URBAN DRAINAGE

MULTI-PURPOSE STREETS

PLAYING

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

MAXIMISE GREEN

MAXIMISE PUBLIC ACTIVITY

IN A COMMUNITY: HOW TO MAXIMISE THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROVIDE ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY AREA?

GREEN NETWORK According to our key objects and the collage concept thinking, one of the aims is to make this community with plenty of green space. The needs of the community must be taken into consideration to ensure the green space is carefully utilised. For the community, it is not our aim to cover the majority of land with green, or use all the gaps to planting of vegetation. It is to maximize the green when provide enough activity area, use all the parts where the green can play a role, both as a space for activities and with the buildings. In our site, there are several space with a potential to become activity spaces while surrounded by buildings. While in some existing communities, like the East Village in Olympic legacy area, those kind of space are negative, which we want to avoid, so what is the reasons of that?

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

GREEN NETWORK INNER SPACE ANALYSIS

INNER SPACE DESIGN STRATEGY “I hope the scene out of my window is lively and green, instead of an empty inner yard.“

“We’d like to have outdoor space but he idea of being overlooked is discomforting.“

If we consider the psychological pressure of people during activities, people will feel uncomfortable if they are in an enclosed space, due to the notion of being watched. However, due to the density needs of the community and the needs of the public space area, it is difficult to solve this problem from the architectural form. The way we design public space can take precedent over that. The diagrams show the thinking of residence demands and the different situations. This is the meaning of where the green can play a role. Every parts in a community could help add sense of that. This structure applied in the “inner centres” in our site. Note: Jacobs 1961

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

BLUE NETWORK - PROCESS

“We need a place where we can run around and play with friends.“

“I hope there’s a place children can play while being safe.“

“I don’t want the roads to flood.“

“I don’t want the scenery outside to be dead water or mud after the water dries.“

DEMAND & THINKING At the edge of the field, there are problems caused by this height difference, which is also committed to solving in our key aims. In fact, this strip area is frequently used in the daily lives of people in the community, with a high potential of becoming a most special liveable space.

section of urban drainage & how rainwater can be collected

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

BLUE NETWORK

A BLOCK ALONG THE SIDE. THE WATER LEVEL CAN CHANGE THEREFORE WE WILL USE A ‘ROCK WATERSCAPE’ SIMILAR TO JAPANESE ROCK GARDEN. CONNECTED TO THE WATER IT WILL VARY OVER TIME AND WONT DRY UP IN SUMMER MONTHS.

The diagram shows the design strategy of this blue-way infrastructure. This is a strategy to trigger activities on the edge, to help connect people with the surrounding context and change the border into a boundary (Sennett 2007). The change of the waterscape can trigger different actions on this belt, and people`s activities make sense on this area. This part becomes a special highlight and could forms some collective memories of the people in the community.

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

EDGE STRATEGY ANALYSIS This design strategy is to trigger flexible participates on this special community belt. Not only the special participatory waterscape design, many other designs in the project bring accessibility and vitality to this border, make this place into an evergrowing and changing place that carries the collective memory of the community.

A unique belt in the community, witch changes in different times people pass by this way almost every day. The variety in terrain creates an eclectic and diverse place adding to the collective memory. Section of public space situated near edge

Note: trigger participants, envolvement, sense of community, links with the green way access design strategy

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

STRATEGY EFFECT ANALYSIS

NO CONNECTION

ENABLE ACTIVITIES ON THE EDGE

BOUNDARY

BUILD BORDER CONNECTION

As in our key principles and the plan of Olympic legacy area`s communities. Each community does not supposed to be confined to its own range, and people are expected to use facilities in the surrounding area. In fact, there are good green spaces around the site, so the break of the boundary and the attraction of the event become the key. The community should have a positive influence with the surrounding area.

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

SPACE NETWORK - PROCESS

PLOT AREA

DIVISION

POTENTIAL SCAPE

NECESSARY ACCESS

DIVISION

The diagrams above show the process of the specific application of green and blue design strategies based on spatial structure and plot design.

POTENTIAL ACCESS

INFORMAL ADJUST

GREEN

INTEGRATED WITH FIELD

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE LANDSCAPE MASTERPLAN

The landscape masterplan is a development based on the planning level masterplan. It is the following part of our community design story. This plan provides an overall view of landscape layout.

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE 1

This public space is located in the centre and edge and is also connected to the small space in the middle of the enclosed buildings, extending peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision and activities beyond the boundary. In the planning of a 20min-community, people are expected to use the surrounding infrastructure . The diagrams show how this design implements this edge trigger strategy.

note: position, view, activities attract activities, how to realise the strategy.

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE 2

The space surrounded by the buildings allows for a variety of people, weather young, od or disabled to interact and enjoy the space.

In the design of public space, considering the function of green space both for people inside and outside is always kept in mind, when making decision on how to integrate the cars route with public and think the effect on the structure from the perspective of community, we use the car way to help devide the public space more fairly, and reduced its infection to the buildings on both side.

The central circle is divided between a driveway which is a shared space between cars, public and cyclists.

PUBLIC CONTEXT 2

STRATEGY PROGRAMMING 2

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE 3

The mix of use ensures a variety of groups will use the space, from students, families, residents, elderly, workers.

According to Newham council, there is supposed to be a school in this area. We used the area next to the former gas holder to create schools together with community activity centers, and the open public green space they need. This site is located on the central axis of the communityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s landscape, and it has an earth-covered building connected to the greenway and a water feature after renovation. This space will serve for variety of users and organised activities.

The challenge brought between a boundary and railway.

PUBLIC CONTEXT 3

STRATEGY PROGRAMMING 3

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

For a community, how to make the place where motor vehicles are used? Users of community roads include community vehicles and social vehicles, but it is important that the right to use community roads is given priority to pedestrians rather than vehicles. The gaps along the roads need to be used to create a livable street life. At the same time, these gaps are also places that must be used in maximizing green strategies.

SPACE NEAR THE ROAD

Community cafes create a great opportunities for people to meet, socialise and feel a sense of belonging. A plan would be to utilise the former Gassholder as a possible location for a communal cafe.

COMMUNITY ROAD

COMMUNAL CAFE

PUBLIC CONTEXT 3

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE - INTERACTIVE FORMS

According to our collage concept thinking and the raised planning strategy, there is supposed to be some incomplete forms in the community, to let people have flexible actions and create a sense of impermanence.

INTERACTIVE FORMS

PROVIDE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PARTICIPATE IN COMMUNAL HORTICULTURE

USE MIRRORS TO TRIGGER PLAY & INTERACTIONS.

The over-deterministic design makes space stable (Sennett 2011), to create dialogue between people and the community site, there should be opportunities to allow people to make some decisions and changes on their community. While it is irrational to leave large incomplete areas randomly. Therefore the range and form should be suitable to provide those within a general controllable situation. Those incomplete forms should be like some triggers, to cause some actions. The community sense could be brought by letting residents feel they all have responsibilities on community environment, and the way they change them also add to the collective memory. The landscape of a community should always have people in the scenes but not just to watch.

GIVE PEOPLE THE CHANCE TO COMMUNICATE IN THE GREEN SPACE. ALLOW CHANGES TO BE MADE.

MULTI-SCALE PLANTING

MICRO PLOTS ADD TO THE GREENERY

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE

LANDSCPAE SYSTEM

DESIGN STRATEGY

TRIGGER ACTIVITIES ON THE EDGES.

HARD PUBLIC FIELD

BLUE NETWORK

VEGETATION

GREEN NETWORK

SITE BASE PLAN

PERIPHERAL CONTACT.

EDGES AND CENTRES.

ACHIEVE MUTUAL USE OF HOUSING AND PUBLIC SPACE TO INCREASE THE SENSE OF COMMUNITY BELONGING TOGETHER.

COMMUNITY DIALOGUES.

MAXIMUM PARTICIPANTS TO MAKE THE COMMUNITY GROW.

PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ‘COMMUNITY COLLECTIVE MEMORY’

C) DESIGN | OPEN SPACE VISUALS - OPEN SPACE

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | INTRODUCTION

COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY CONCLUSION

CLT

PARTICIPATORY ENVIROMENTAL DESIGN

EDUCATION

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

TACTICAL URBANISM

Involving the community which is currently living within the boundaries of our site is a key priority. Intergrating old and new communities will bring a mutual benefit to both sides. In order to achieve this we plan on creating a diverse and precedented community involvement strategy which will include the following as seen on the left. Each strategy has a unique aim in ensuring that we create a vibrant, engaged and resourceful community on the Rick Roberts site.

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | CLT

COMMUNITY LAND TRUST

ST CLEMENTS, MILE END CLT

CLT or community land trusts are organisations set up voluntarily by ordinary people in order to create a fairer and more equal system for property ownership. CLT’s act as the gatekeepers on a long term basis of housing to ensure that the properties remain affordable and don’t fall into the hands of mass private developers or buy to let landlords simply looking to maximise on a rise in house prices. CLT’s are a long term strategy aimed at ensuring that the local community has autonomy and access to affordable housing. (Community land trust network 2020)

Not far from Stratford a recently completed development took place, in St Clement.

£130,000 for a 1 bedroom £182,000 for a 2 bedroom £235,000 for a 3 bedroom https://www.londonclt.org/

BENEFITS OF CLT: Start Land becomes available

Buy In Group organisation forms.

Feasibility Assessment of costs and needs.

Decisions How rent & ownership works.

STRATFORD COMMUNITY LAND TRUST

• EMPOWERS LOCAL RESIDENTS • GIVES A SENSE OF AUTONOMY • DEMOCRATIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER • EQUITABLE • ENSURES THE AFFORDABILITY OF HOUSING

Governance Establish a structure on how power is shared.

Support Group secures long term financial support systems

Finance Secure financing of the development

Deal Land is transfered to the CLT.

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | PARTICIPATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY - ENGAGE PEOPLE ON DESIGNING THE PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT IN DEVELOPMENT STAGE In the stage of development, people should have more decision-making power. In the property process of a high-quality community, residents should not only pay attention to housing issues, but also pay attention to public life and green environment. They can also participate in decision-making on this part at the stage of development and construction. At the same time, Community Public Greening Organization need to manage related matters during the design and later use phases. The diagrams shows the methods in this strategy.

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | EDUCATION

FOREST SCHOOL

COMMUNITY CAFE SPACE

Free Range Urban Kids

The View Tube

CASE STUDY: FREE RANGE URBAN KIDS, FORESTRY SCHOOL IN HACKNEY

CASE STUDY: THE VIEW TUBE

On a piece of council owned land this forestry school operates in a safe, secure urban area. With a variety of trees attached via tarpaulins allowing children to climb. The school were even given special permission to light fires within the wooded area as it is an integral part of learning. The parents noticed a change in their children s behaviour and although it is a private kindergarten the owners would like to turn it into a not for profit offering lower income children the same opportunities. Just 3500 sqm of green space has given inner city children the opportunity to connect with nature and observe variations in the seasons, fresh air and make things. These are uncommon for most city children and only accessible via leaving the city. (Knight S, 2016)

The View Tube is a unique space. run by the housing association Poplar HARCA alongside partners it is a not for profit providing a community space for locals in the area. The View Tube operates as a:

• Cafe • Bike services • Creative Studios • Running club

• Community Garden • Social enterprise centre • Visitor centre

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

APPLICATION OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION THEORY Before construction

1. Trigger Developers

1. know the needs of the residents, 2. design in a targeted way, 3. save cost

2. Purpose

1. Get the type of house they want 2. better living environment 3. lower house price

Residents

1. supplement planning and design 2. increase their trust and confidence in organizations 3. bring new ideas and reach a consensus 4. provide an opportunity for residents to meet

Anyone who participates in this activity has a certain purpose, whether it is a community organizer, developer or resident. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the purpose of all parties and reach a consensus.

Rescher (1993) argues that what matters to people are not shared goals but the recogni-tion of a common interest. For both of them, a more appropriate design to meet the needs of more people is their common interest. Therefore, this could be a trigger for community participation. Each resident can choose the type of apartment he wants according to his own needs.

3. Method

Area: 38㎡

Area: 85㎡

Modular House

Building Types

Single apartment. Because of its small size, the total price is also cheap and it is suitable for young people who just

A strip-shaped house. It is suitable for four to six people to live in and can also be transformed into a variety of uses.

Area: 76㎡

Mansion Blocks

Area: 160㎡

Width: 22m

Low-rise apartment

Width: 12m

House price Tower house Mansion block Perimeter block Apartment

A square-shaped house, the most common form of residence, is suitable for a family with several children.

4.Development

This type of residence has the largest area and is the most convenient to use. It is suitable for families with many

WHO:

Target resident & Designer

HOW:

Working studio

WHAT:

Decide the house type

WHERE & WHEN:

Throghout the whole process

Building Types

5. Influence

A mix of housing types offer a range of living choices for a wide range of household types including singles, couples, families, students and older people in the form of sheltered accommodation.

Different housing types have different prices. For example, the tower near A Street is the most expensive because of its better visibility. Residents can put forward opinions to control the construction ratio of different housing types.

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

APPLICATION OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION THEORY After construction

Everyday Life

Incomplete Form -- The Open City (Sennett) It refers to the unfinished part deliberately designed in the built environment. Some new changes or residents' spontaneous activities can take place here.

Incomplete form

Input

Input of Everyday Life -- Everyday Urbanism (Margaret) It refers to putting the daily life in the urban space, making the urban space and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives have a close connection, thereby activating the urban space.

Outdoor activity

Sanoff (2017) has said that the fullest kind of participation is the kind where users construct their housing for themselves. At the same time, combined with incomplete form theory, the community centre was not built at the beginning. After that, through community participation, the community centre will be built according to the residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ideas.

Catering

Input

Entertainment

Community Participation Shopping Build Environment Incomplete form

School

teenagers/ student (vital, creative)

Construction:

Event: Office

technist/ engineer (professional)

Building community centre

Method:

Hold Activities:

Workshop Working studio Making model

Attract more people to participate

Community centre be contructed by all participants

Community local residents (Enthusiastic)

Fundings: Developer & community Organization (CLT)

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

CASE STUDY - MODEL MAKING Physical Model Making

Character Model Making and Scenario Design

The Maroochydore centre masterplanning process facilitated by Archipelago

Renewal and activation of an old house facilitated by Taiwan University

Using physical models or maquettes made community engagement in the design process more meaningful and effective. After a series of presentations and a debate on site constraints, city councillors, residents and the technical team worked in small groups to produce different masterplan options. Each group was given the same modelling set, representing the amount and mix of development, open space, water, etc, that would ensure scheme viability. Resulting options were then presented and discussed in plenary, and a preferred scheme drawn up by the design team.

On the basis of the physical model, using the character model to further discuss the usage scenarios of specific space can make the participation process more interesting. This is more suitable for some unusual participants, such as children and the elderly. At the same time, the discussion on the scene is also more helpful to stimulate participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; imagination on the way of space use.

By using physical models or maquettes in the design process, lay people can be engaged in a creative capacity while ensuring viability of the resulting proposal.

+ Physical model

Real life scenes

Great engagement

D) COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT STRATEGY | TACTICAL URBANISM/POP-UP’S

TACTICAL URBANISM / POP-UPs “A city and /or citizen-led approach to neighbourhood building using short-term, low-cost and scaleable interventions, intended to catalyse long-term change.” (CoDesign Studio) Tactical Urbanism (or Pop-Ups) is a form of development specifically designed to act as short-term alterations to the built environment (Savic, 2015). It usually involves temporary structures built for specific uses/events, often involving members of the local community (Savic, 2015). By incorporating this into our scheme, we can seek to give the local community more involvement in designing the place in which they live. This would take place in combination with specific events held within the site, e.g. local concerts, food festivals, outdoor cinema screenings, etc. When events occur, community meetings will take place (within the education centre) in which residents will be given the necessary tools to design and agree in how they want the street to look and be laid out. Because these will be temporary, it provides an opportunity to allow local residents greater decision-making in the design of their area. This is often avoided in the design of the permanent built environment as the ‘public’ aren’t considered to have the necessary skills.

Benefits • Enables neighbourhoods to be shaped by the local community through a more active role. • Helps foster a new local community that is strong and closely linked to its

environment. • Keeps the built environment ‘fresh’ and under continuous visual change. • Temporary road blocks allow for temporary pedestrianisation of main routes through the site, increasing pedestrian safety. • Leads to innovative, cheap and small-scale solutions to potential problems. • Reduces the community’s resistance to future changes on site, as they are provided a means by which to able to see how things might look beforehand.

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