City In Flux by OliviaHabermelGraphics

City In Flux BA Graphic Design Olivia Habermel

[Definition] "City" is a very large town. in "Flux" is a state of uncertainty or change. There are situations in life when things may go one way or another.

[Evolving Cities] Marrakech, Morocco New York, USA Paris, France (Chernobyl, Ukraine- History) Tokyo, Japan London, UK

[What do I think of when I think of a city?]

•  Poverty and homelessness •  Built up •  No green grass or farm animals •  Concrete and tarmac •  Architecture and culture

[Keywords] •  City •  Trafﬁc •  Restaurant •  Lights •  Trains •  People •  Rush •  Flight •  Concrete •  Urban •  Flux •  Development •  Architecture •  Busy •  Decay •  Noise •  Wiﬁ •  Communication •  Shopping •  Music •  Busking •  Sky scrapers •  Council estates

•  Pollution •  Market •  Litter •  Police •  Buses •  Crowds •  Pigeons •  Town •  Street •  Metropolis •  Suburban •  Division •  People •  Public •  Community •  Bars •  Pubs •  Clubs •  Bus stop •  Train station •  Taxi •  Fast food •  Theatre

[Signs in the City]

Jeremy Mann A painter of the city Jeremy Mann was born in 1979 in San Francisco, California. In his creative practice, Mann aims to i m bu e h i s c i t y, S a n Francisco, with drama, mood, and personality. “He paints his immediate surroundings with intimate, dynamic expression.” – John Pence Gallery. A number of his paintings a re i n s p i re d by we t pavement that reﬂects street lamps and neon

signs and glitters in the rain. I absolutely love this guy and that’s saying something because I’m not a huge fan of paintings. I love the colours and textures he uses, they’re so powerful and really captures how the lights in the city effect its appearance. This guy has some serious talent, to be able to look at a place and paint it the way he does.

There is always some kind of weather dominant in Mann’s paintings, it is either raining, has been raining or is very misty. I really feel the mood and the temperature in the colours he uses. Some seem like it’s a really cold winter evening and some are more war m and s u m m e r y. H e r e a l l y summarises the life of the city in one; the lights, the people, the buildings, everything.

Stephen Wilkes A photographer of the city S t e p h e n Wi l k e s , A n American Photographer/ Photojournalist (b. 1957) for more than two decades has been widely recognised for his ﬁne art and commercial photography. Wilkes ﬁrst came up with the idea of shooting multiple images across a landscape when taking the cast picture for Baz Lur man’s blockbuster Romeo and Juliet for Life Magazine, in 1996. It wasn’t until he was asked to shoot the High Line for New York Magazine that Stephen used this technique to show the passing of time. He has even shot Day to Night images of President Obama’s inauguration speech as well as New Year’s Eve in Times Square.

Wilkes has gone on to expand the series to international locations including Shanghai, Israel, & Dubai. Travelling that far just to take a photo is serious passion and dedication. The newest body of work by Wilkes is entitled, Day t o N i g h t . T h e w o rk embodies epic cityscapes of Manhattan and other major U.S. cities with ﬂeeting moments throughout the day to night. Wilkes photographs them from one camera angle continuously for approximately 15 to 18 hours. A select group of images are then electronically blended into one photograph. I have to admire the patience and skill that goes into producing photographs like these. He

merges a selection of photos together but you could NEVER tell! It shows from morning to evening in perfect transition. He has caught some of the most beautiful days and summed them up in one picture. The quality of the photographs are amazing considering the camera would have to be kept still all day. I couldn’t imagine the devastation if something happened and the camera moved, it could be a whole day wasted. There is always life in his photographs, for example there is always people or cars; it is never just a lifeless landscape shot. I think this makes his work more personal and meaningful.

Maja Wrońska A water colour painter of the city Maja Wronska, born 28th January 1989 in Poland, is an Architect, Interior Designer and Painter. Colourful and energetic, she manages to capture the character of each landmark and city while showing its beauty in her paintings. She has painted places such as the Eiffel Tower, Brooklyn Bridge and the Ta j M a h a l i n t r u l y vibrant colours, warm and cold.

Her painting style is sometimes very detailed and precise, using colour themes rather than the real colours of the picture. Some of her pieces, like the painting of L o n d o n b r i d g e, a r e painted in a completely different style to say the painting of Moscow. A lot of her paintings are looking up at different angles rather than a straight on picture. It gives the painting some character and personality.

She too has travelled far and wide to fuel her painting (or she has used o t h e r p e o p l e s photographs… it doesn’t specify). I know how difﬁcult it is to use water-colour paints and how it quite literally has a mind of its own, so Maja has some serious skill and knowledge on how to use them properly.

Stephen Wiltshire An illustrator of the city Stephen was born in London to West Indian parents on 24th April, 1974. As a child he was mute, and did not relate to other people. Aged three, he was diagnosed as autistic. He had no language and lived entirely in his own world. Stephen Wiltshire is an artist who draws and paints detailed cityscapes. He has a particular talent f o r d r a w i n g l i f e l i k e, accurate representations of cities, sometimes after having only observed them brieﬂy.

I think this guy is quite incredible. I don’t know a huge amount of autistic people but I have worked with a few so I know that they don’t see the world like I do. They tend to really focus on one particular thing throughout their life and in this case it was drawing for Stephen. You can see in his work the concentration and effort that has gone into it, almost obsession of precision! I favour the illustrations without colour, the mix of

the colour and the pencil almost makes the illustration look dirty. My favourite illustration of his is the silhouette of the blitz and through the clouds you can see St Pauls Cathedral. It has less detail and more texture unlike his others. A lot of the drawings feel a bit emotionless, you can tell Stephen only really focuses on Architecture of the building/structures. You don’t see many people in his drawings and if you do then they are just silhouettes.

Shepard Fairey A graffiti artist of the city

The OBEY campaign is ro o t e d i n t h e D o I t Yourself counterculture of p u n k ro c k a n d skateboarding but it has also taken cues from popular culture, commercial marketing and political messaging. T h e i m a g e s S h e p a rd Fairey uses in his art include historical propaganda, Black Power, parodies of authority and tweaks of popular culture icons. Propaganda means ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause; also: a public action having such an effect. In general, Propaganda is a message designed to

persuade its intended audience to think and b e h av e i n a c e r t a i n manner. Thus advertising is commercial propaganda. In speciﬁc, institutionalised and systematic spreading of information and/or disinformation, usually to promote a narrow political or religious viewpoint. Fairey steeps his ideology and iconography in selfempowerment; with biting sarcasm verging on reverse p s yc h o l o g y h e g o a d s viewers using the imperative OBEY to take heed of the propagandists out to bend the world to their agendas. Using people, symbols, and people as symbols

Shepard’s work deconstructs how powerful visuals and emotionally potent phrases can be used to manipulate and indoctrinate. The OBEY sticker attempts to stimulate curiosity and bring people to question both the sticker and their relationship with their surroundings. You can ﬁnd anything from a 2” x 2” OBEY sticker to the whole side of a multi-story building. OBEY is everywhere! All over the world, and not only is it a campaign, it’s a fashion statement too.

Adrian Brannan A collage artist of the city Adrian Brannan graduated in June 2000 from the Glasgow School of Art, where he studied visual communication specialising i n p h o t o g r a p hy. T h e photographs are often taken from multiple locations with different ﬁlm and processing techniques, at different times, and on different days. No digital processes are used at any stage of Adrian's work, and the many of photographs are printed in his own darkroom. All of the collages vary in complexity. Each work can be made up from as little as ﬁfty, to as many as one thousand individual 35mm

ﬁlm photographs. Viewed from a distance, the o r i g i n a l w o rk s a r e a spectacle of colour and movement. On taking a closer look, an intricate network of detail has been observed and captured. Each and every time you view a piece of Adrian's work, new details are discovered. “Adrian Brannan is a contemporary artist who works mainly in the medium of photo collage focusing on cityscapes as his most frequently chosen subject matter.” This has to be some of the best work I have seen whilst

doing this research, I really like it! I would love to know how he does what he does, it looks like he has printed out the same photographs in different shades and colours and maybe ch a n g e d t h e a n g l e a fraction in some photographs to give it a bit of edge and then cut them up and collaged them. I like how he doesn’t just use architecture in his art he uses a bit of everything including transport and people.

Percy Salazar An ice sculptor of the city An artist is challenging g lobal war ming by exhibiting ice sculptures of London landmarks outdoors at the height of the British summer. Percy Salazar has created ice sculptures of Big Ben, The London Eye, The Post OfďŹ ce Tower, St Paul's Cathedral and 30 St Mary Axe, better known as The Gherkin Building.

Mr Salazar created the sculptures to promote China's oldest beer Harbin for the Taste of London food festival, which is sponsored by the drink. Ice sculptures are a celebrated tradition in the Chinese city of Harbin, where an International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival has been held annually since 1963.

These are some fabulous pieces of sculpture work that must have taken hours just for them to be melted to prove global warming. I really donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t understand how Salazar got so much detail into little bits of ice. It quite literally depicts the most famous buildings in London which is a change from colour mood backgrounds.

[How can a city change?] •  The fashions changes the whole appearance of the city (shop windows, people, etc...) •  The demolishment of buildings, the construction of new ones and the abandonment of old ones •  New people moving to the city •  The art and vandalism of property •  Extinction of nature or new nature •  Natural disaster •  Poverty in wealthy areas •  Visual advertising

[How does the weather/seasons effect a city?] •  Weather such as natural disasters destroy homes and people •  The cold weather cracks tarmac causing the collapse of roads •  The sun puts everyone in a good mood creating a happy atmosphere •  Thunder and lightening/electrical storms can cause connection problems •  Rain causes ﬂooding stopping anyone from going outside, ﬂooding houses and spreading disease. •  Feet of snow piling on top of each other freezing people and snowing people in their homes

[What do I look for in a city?] •  Good shopping •  Good bars/nightlife •  Amazing alternative music scene •  Great history and culture •  Lots of photographic opportunities/architecture •  Friendly people •  Entertainment: cinema, theatre

[What are the best cities for shopping in the UK?] •  London •  Bath •  Newcastle Gateshead •  Bristol •  Brighton •  Manchester •  Leeds •  Birmingham •  Liverpool •  York

[How/why do the fashions differ in each city?] •  Wealth •  Culture •  Celebrity inﬂuence •  Taste of designers •  Seasons •  Religion

[Fashion] Â Vogue through the ages

Paris

[Fashion & Society] How has the fashion industry changed over the years and how has it affected society?

With clothes hanging off her gaunt frame and a head that appears too big for her body, Codie Young hardly looks the picture of health. So when her image was paraded on the Topshop website, it triggered a furious response from eating disorder campaigners. Miss Young, they say, is typical of the size-zero models whose waif-like look encourages young girls to become anorexic.

[Calvin Klein] Calvin Klein shot a Plus Size underwear photoshoot back in November with model Myla Dalbesio. The 27 year old model is a healthy size 10 which most people would consider to be verging on plus size. Booking an underwear campaign for such an iconic brand would be a coup for any model. But it’s especially notable for Dalbesio, who, at a size 10, is what the fashion industry would—still, surprisingly—call “plus size.” (“In fact, not so long ago plus size models were around size 10-12, but that number has recently shrunk to an 8,” said Cosmopolitan earlier this year, while PLUS Model concurs that models “between size 6 and size 14” are typically considered plus size.)

[The Alterna,ve Music Scene] Something that has cropped up in recent years is alternative music vs pop music. Both categories are very large and have numerous sub genres within them. Down South seems to be more of the Pop end of the country and up North seems to be the more alternative. I’m not sure how this works but places such as Manchester, Shefﬁeld, Leeds have produced some of the greatest alternative bands of all time.

[What are the best cities for alt music in the UK? (from Huddersfield on the train)] •  Leeds (22m) •  Manchester (35m) •  York (47m) •  Shefﬁeld (1h22m) •  Nottingham (2h19m) •  Birmingham (2h22m) •  London (2h42m) •  Edinburgh (3h38m) •  Reading (3h44m) •  Bristol (4h1m) •  Glasgow (4h7m) •  Cardiff (4h14m)

[Music Venues] (Sheffield)

•  O2 Academy Shefﬁeld •  The Plug •  Corporation •  Motor Point Arena Shefﬁeld •  Harley Live •  Leadmill •  Soyo •  Boardwalk •  Dove and Rainbow •  South Sea Live

Arctic Monkeys  Bring Me The Horizon  Jarvis Cocker  Def Leppard  The Human League  Iron Maiden  Pulp  Rolo Tomassi  While She Sleeps

[Music Venues] (Manchester)

•  Sound Control Manchester •  O2apollo Manchester •  Mamacolive – The Ritz •  Phones 4 U Arena •  Manchester Academy •  The Deaf Institute •  The Road House Live •  The Ruby Lounge •  Hard Rock •  The Witchwood

10CC  The 1975  Beady Eye  The Nosebleeds  The Bee Gees  Buzzcocks  The Chemical Brothers  Elbow  Joy Division  Oasis  Freddie and the Dreamers  Happy Mondays  Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds  The Railway Children  The Smiths  The Stones Roses  The Ting Tings  The Verve

[Music Venues] (Leeds)

•  Oporto Bar •  A Nation Of Shopkeepers •  The Key Club Leeds •  Belgrave Music Hall •  First Direct Arena •  Brudenell Social Club •  Temple of Boom Leeds •  O2academy Leeds •  Leeds Beckett University Students Union •  The Wardrobe •  Santiago Bar Leeds •  The Cockpit •  University Of Leeds Union Events •  Leeds Festival Alt-J  Hadouken!  Kaiser Chiefs  Pulled Apart By Horses  Whitesnake  I Concur  The Sisters of Mercy

[Leeds] E x p l o r i n g L e e d s : -  Get the train to Leeds -  F i n d a l l o f t h e ve nu e s -  Photograph all of the venues -  Talk to all of the venue staff -  Talk to the security guards -  T a l k t o t h e r e g u l a r s -  P i c k u p s o m e l e a ﬂ e t s

[The Cockpit]

[Santiago Bar]

[Belgrave Music Hall]

[Nation of Shopkeepers]

[O2 Academy]

[Possible outcomes]! •  City Guide Book •  City Guide App •  City Guide interactive bus stop and train station map •  City Guide Poster •  City Guide Leaﬂet •  City Guide Bookmark •  City guide ﬁlm/advert •  City Guide 3D installation •  City Guide Webpage

[City Guide Books]

H i g h l y detailed maps with lots of i n f o r m a t i o n

Using city related themes

Hand drawn maps and notes on the c i t y

Plane ticket journal wrap a r o u n d

Minimalism seems to be a reoccurring t h e m e

S i m p l e , modern and c o l o u r f u l

Minimalist and vintage

[Covers] Singular colours are quite popular but there is an e v e n popularity b e t w e e n c o l o u r v i b r a n c y

The use of natural media vs. digital m a k e s a c h a n g e

Minimalism seems to be a reoccurring theme again

I like how they have used o b j e c t s associated with the city!

The â&#x20AC;&#x153;Eâ&#x20AC;? cover looks quite 3D B a u h a u s

[Maps] Very Graphicy pinpoints including d e t a i l e d p i c t u r e s Hand maps little p i c t

drawn with icon u r e s The map is very precise and bland, using the c o l o u r g r ey can look smart but also boring

C o l o u r organised maps with c a t e g o r i e s Interactive map with pull ups and fold outs around

[Contents] Very square layout with use of text and i m a g e

Business card sized guide is cute but not ideal when w r i t i n g reviews about music and v e n u e s

Snippet of information in a square grid f o r m a t

Circle cropped images havnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been popular in modern layouts but I quite like them

Journal pages split into sections is a really effective layout method

I think hand annotated notes looks r e a l l y different, adds a personal t o u c h

[Format] T h e illustration on the ‘Urban style’ card behind the text is subtle but still visible enough to just add that something else

I’d love to use t h e ﬁ l e dividing tabs in my guide, it l o o k s re a l l y neat and clean and obviously it makes getting to a ny t h i n g s o much easier

I really like the fan cards, they’re quite different to any other guide book out t h e r e

The use of images behind the text is quite effective but the text could cover a vital part of t h e i m a g e

I love the idea of a fold out map, so it’s pocket or handbag sized

[City Apps]

As my guide is more aimed at the youth, an app would be m o r e a p p r o p r i a t e

I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d be able to make an app as they seem way beyond my ability but they are probably the best guide I could create as they are 21st c e n t u r y t e c h n o l o g y

Apps are great for lots of infor mation, better than a huge book full of images and t e x t

The colour schemes seems to be quite dark, lots of grey scale colours being used heavily

[Magazines]

[What goes into a guide] •  Reviews of venues and venue info (opening times, drinks prices, etc.) •  Reviews of best live events and their dates •  List and reviews of reoccurring events at that venue •  Photographs from event photographers (named) •  Interviews with fans/venue users •  Popular food and drink locations for hungry gig goers •  Popular places to stay for gig goes in the area •  Popular trips taken on the side (music stores, clothing stores, sights) •  What to wear to gigs and where to get it in Leeds •  How to get to the venues by car, bus and train

[Guide layout 1]

[Guide layout 2]

[Guide layout 3]

[Inspiration and Influence]

my front cover.

I want to use something like this hand drawn annotation on printed text in my guide. It adds a personal touch, like things that the book has f a i l e d t o m e n t i o n .

I do kind of like these maps but they’re almost too minimalist, if I saw this on a shelf I wouldn't’t be instantly d r a w n t o i t .

I really like the idea of splitting the page into 2 or 3 and having something relevant to each s e c t i o n u n d e r n e a t h .

I really want big pictures as well as small ones to really exaggerate what I am talking about in the guide and to show the little extras. People judge by looks so much that I want a l l o f my photographs to look great.

I think tabs are really important, to separate each section of the g u i d e s o yo u aren’t searching for hours for the thing that you want. I’m not sure whether to have them cut into the book or added on the o u t s i d e .

I really love this hand drawn map effect on the c ove r, t h i s i s something that I want to do for

[Cover Map]

This is the map of Leeds Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m going to use to draw out my guide book front cover. I could do it on Photoshop but it just doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the same effect as hand drawn. I want it to look a bit scruffy like someone has just drawn it for me to show me how to get to somewhere.

[My Design] It was accurate until I realised how boring Leeds looked so I added a few extra roads o n t o i t

Using the idea from my visual research, I have hand drawn a rough map of Leeds

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

I scanned in the drawing onto my laptop so I could write on the title and b l u r b

The Lead A Guide To Leeds

Music

____________________________ ____________________________

I’m undecided as to whether I am going to use this print on the cover or if I am going to l e a v e i t b l a n k