Seeing the New in the Old: Rehabilitating an Existing Building for Active Workplace Design

SEEING THE NEW IN THE OLD

REHABILITATING AN EXISTING BUILDING FOR ACTIVE WORKPLACE DESIGN

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PROPOSAL BY: Olivia Zepp Ball State University Master of Architecture Historic Preservation Certificate Advisor: Sarah Keogh

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family, who supported and encouraged me through my undergraduate and graduate career and never doubted what I could do.

Thank you!

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CONTENTS 09

INQUIRY

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ABSTRACT

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PROJECT PROPOSAL

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES

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PRECEDENTS

53

INTERVIEWS & SURVEY

61

SITE

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PROGRAMMING

115

PROCESS DESIGN

125

FINAL DESIGN

147

FINAL THOUGHTS

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INQUIRY How can an existing factory, constructed pre-1900, be rehabilitated for workplace design that promotes physical activity and improved employee well-being?

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ABSTRACT One of the greatest health challenges faced by our generation is an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. The average adult American spends over half their day in sedentary behaviors (Barlow). This is in part from the shift in the last half century from manual labor work to office centered work. Every year the average American spends around 2,000 hours at a full time job equaling about a third of someone’s life (Pay & Leave). This time is typically spent sitting at a desk. Sedentary lifestyles have started to take their toll on the human body by increasing the risk of colon cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity (Barlow).

Research has been conducted on how to improve employee well-being at the workplace, but most of these studies have not addressed how to improve one’s physical well-being. Architects are now tasked to design workplaces that are more conducive to physical activity so these workplaces can begin to holistically influence well-being.

costs a significant amount of carbon, before rebuilding a “sustainable” one. Rehabilitating existing buildings can be far more beneficial for the environment than new construction.

It is estimated that over 548 million tons of construction and demolition waste happen annually (Construction and Demolition). This is enough waste to build a road to the moon and back over 50 times. Building rehabilitation should be considered whenever possible in order to reduce our carbon footprint on the planet.

This project will look at how these two seemingly different topics can begin to relate to one another and work together to solve issues of sedentary office behaviors while concurrently rehabilitating a historic industrial building.

Sustainability is a hot topic in today’s society.

Everyone is concerned about the planet and how their actions are negatively affecting it.

One of the biggest challenges to reducing our carbon footprint is our culture’s tendency to tear down an existing building, which |11

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PROJECT PROPOSAL This thesis explores the relationship of workplace design to promote physical activity and employee well-being in the context of a rehabilitated factory building. The building being explored was a soap factory building, which this project will convert into office space for an architecture firm. The rehabilitation of this building lends itself to the exploration of how existing materials integrate with new materials, how new spaces can be added to the existing building layout, and how employee well-being in the workplace can be integrated into the rehabilitation of this 1900s factory building.

Goals for the project have been developed and prioritized based on information gained from a literature review, surveys and interviews, and site analysis. The design of this project is viewed through three scales; the site, the building, and the interior work spaces. The site should allow for employees to retreat from work in an outdoor setting, while also encouraging activity and movement through the site. The building should promote physical activity through everyday tasks and encourage non-sedentary work and employee well-being. Additionally, the building shall implement historic preservation strategies into the contemporary design in order to keep the existing structure’s history alive. Individual

workstations will be evaluated for adaptability to any employee within the office. The work spaces should allow for varying levels of workspace privacy, along with collaborative work areas.

Programming for public spaces will allow for the building to be used by the surrounding neighborhoods. As a whole the building shall be fully accessible for all types of people, using a universal design approach.

The project is located in Akron, Ohio. The location was selected due to its industrial past which is being redefined into a servicecentered business area. The site and building were selected because the existing soap factory lends itself to high adaptability. The factory has open floor plans which allow interventions to be added without destroying any individual historic rooms. The construction used throughout the building is commemorative of the era’s construction methods, which are not typically used in today’s projects. Its unique history and historic construction methods give an argument for why the building should be reused.

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LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction In this literature review, I am looking at the rehabilitation of existing buildings for active workplace design. Sedentary lifestyles are becoming more prevalent in today’s culture. A sedentary lifestyle is defined as a type of lifestyle involving little or no physical activity. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading factor for global mortality (Stringer 60). Architects can begin to influence contemporary workplace by promoting physical activity in the existing built environment.

The first item in this literature review is the effects existing buildings have on our economy. The next item is an explanation and argument for why designers need to be reusing existing buildings instead of tearing them down. When buildings are transformed into a new life it reduces the consumption of materials, energy, and resources needed for new construction. The third item is the perception of preservation from non-preservationists. After this, the evolution of the workplace and workplace statistics are provided. Lastly, some factors designers can use to promote physical activity in the built environment. The goal of this literature review is to look at the affect existing buildings have on our culture and to begin to understand what research has already been completed on active design.

Literature Review |15

REHABILITATION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

Before building rehabilitation project (fig. 1.1)

After rehabilitation project (fig. 1.2)

Economics of Reusing Existing Buildings When studying rehabilitating existing buildings versus tearing them down to build new structures, it is important to be aware of the economic impact it has on the local economy.

Rehabilitating existing buildings, especially historic or uniquely designed buildings, can benefit a city. Existing buildings can add value to a city through heritage tourism and increasing local economy.

Heritage tourism is defined as a branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of an area and is one of the fastest growing segments in the tourism industry (Rypkema, Cheong 19).

People come to see places which offer glances into their history and culture. These tourists will then spend money on local businesses. Cities such as Savannah, Charleston, and Boston have made preservation a central element in their economic development strategy (Rypkema 15).

The mixing of smaller, existing buildings and new buildings creates distinctive neighborhoods and 16| Seeing the New in the Old

livable communities full of character (Merlino 28). Having a balance of new construction and existing structures is important for making a place unique and memorable.

Next, rehabilitating an existing building creates more jobs and employs more skilled professionals than new construction. New construction has a 50%-50% cost break down for labor and materials. Rehabilitation projects have around 70% for labor and 30% for materials break down. This plays a practical role in local economy because this labor is nearly always hired locally. These local workers will then spend their salary in the same small towns boosting the local economy. Hiring local workers will also increase the local household incomes in the area (Rypkema 12). Designers and contractors should consider whether they want to spend money on a new building, or on an existing building which can outlive the first intended use and boost the local economy.

Environmental Impacts Environmental impacts cannot be ignored when considering the reuse of an existing building over new construction. It has been said, “The greenest building is the one which is already built” (Wells 457). Americans put so much thought into recycling goods we use every day, but don’t think twice about throwing away our largest artifacts: buildings (Merlino 49). In the United States it is a common practice to demolish an existing building and construct sustainable buildings in their place. These sustainable buildings start their lives with a huge carbon deficit, since an existing building was torn down (Merlino 50).

Sustainability is best achieved when an existing building is reused instead of taking the energy for a new building.

Embodied energy is the sum of all the energy required to extract, process, deliver, and install a material (Jackson 47). Designers and citizens don’t realize the embodied energy existing buildings retain in their materials, this energy is lost when tearing down existing buildings. When demolition and new construction is chosen over rehabilitation, it can take over 30 years before cumulative energy savings are accomplished due to the demolition (Rypkema, Cheong 26).

Energy consumption is a typical measure of how sustainable a building is and is measured by looking at annual energy used. Energy consumption should be looked at from a life cycle perspective; the annual energy used, plus the energy to construct the building. Since existing buildings typically have a higher annual energy usage, most people see them as being an energy hog when compared to new construction. New mechanical systems in an existing building can be just as efficient as in a new building (Jackson 51). New systems will make the annual energy consumption of a rehabilitated structure almost equal to the energy usage of a new building (Rypkema, Cheong 26). Consideration of highperformance building design strategies can be applied in rehabilitation projects and should not be seen as applying only to new construction.

Amount of waste tearing down a building can produce (fig. 1.3)

Building demolition debris (fig 1.4)

Literature Review |17

REHABILITATION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT Perception of Historic Preservation Historic preservation is an endeavor which seeks to preserve, conserve, and protect buildings of historical significance (Lewis). This definition can have different meanings based on who is describing preservation and their past experiences with preservation. Preservation typically takes the meaning of, keeping a building how it is and not making any changes or modifications. Many people don’t realize preservation at its core is finding new uses for existing buildings, while keeping its historic integrity intact. Very rarely does preservation as a whole mean never changing a building.

When looking at the perception of historic preservation, one must look at different groups of people to see how preservation is understood on a wider range. Some real estate developers and public officials see preservation as a way of stopping new development, regardless of historic considerations (Lewis). This has left a bad taste of preservation in their mouths.

In a survey done by the National Trust, 636 millennials, individuals born between 19802000 (Edge), were surveyed and 97% of these millennials feel it’s important to preserve and conserve buildings. These millennials say they prefer to shop or dine in historic downtowns and enjoy seeing historic buildings while traveling (Edge). Millennials see the value in historic buildings. These buildings are unique to a certain time period and enjoy going to these unique places.

Preservation has mixed reviews when viewed in the field of architecture. Koolhaus views preservation as overtaking the profession of architecture, making creativity dead and leaving no room for invention (Wells 457).

When architects reuse buildings, they are not using their full creativity due to the fact the architect is using an existing building shell and not designing a whole building. Another reason for the negative perception of preservation among architects is because in 2015 the National Architectural Accrediting Board did not require schools to teach students the value of preservation (Wells 461). The only mention of 18| Seeing the New in the Old

historic or existing buildings was in site analysis, “one must respond to existing site characteristics” (Wells 461). The National Council of Architectural Registration Boards only incorporates preservation in one category for experience hours. This makes preservation inconsequential in the training of new architects.

Preservation in architecture is becoming more popular now because schools are offering preservation classes and teaching the benefits of rehabilitation.

Homeowners in local historic districts often have a negative perception of preservation. They think having their homes in a local district will lower their property values (Rypkema, Cheong 22).

Studies on these local historic districts disprove this fact by showing that being located in a local historic district leads to higher property values.

This is due to guidelines being set to care and alter one’s home (Rypkema). The perception of historic preservation begins to have an affect on whether clients and developers decide to reuse existing buildings.

Reasons to Rehabilitate Existing Buildings

Environmental Sustainability Conservation of Resources Construction Energy Reduction

Innovation Energy Reduction

Economic Sustainability Utilizing Local Assets

Landfill Waste Reduction

Local Workforce Heritage Tourism

Social/Cultural Sustainability Preservation of History

Literature Review |19

WORKPLACE DESIGN

The interior atrium in the Larkin building (fig. 1.5)

An example of “Office as a Landscape” office layout (fig. 1.6)

Evolution of the Workplace In order to recognize a needed change in office design, it is important to understand the history of the workplace. Offices first began to appear as counting houses, these were small offices used to count money for businesses, in the middle of the 19th century (Saval 4). During this time, (1850) non-manual labor was the minority of jobs. In 1880, less than 5 percent of the workforce worked in non-manual labor (Hachard). At the turn of the century with the industrial revolution, the tedious, repetitive labor of factory work soon appeared in white-collar jobs. The once original and unique designs of offices began to be recreated endlessly with interiors lacking in human warmth (Saval 6). By the end of the 19th century, office buildings were being designed as tall metal-framed buildings (Sennett). Frederick Taylor, an engineer and management consultant, saw inefficiencies in the office and created the manager position to help work be more productive (Hachard). In the early 20th century, he thought work spaces needed to mimic manual labor from factories, therefore rows and rows of similar desks were implemented. This change was counterproductive, depressing, and demotivating (Sennett).

In 1906, Frank Lloyd Wright designed the Larkin Building in New York, where he sought to humanize the workplace (Sennett) and in turn 20| Seeing the New in the Old

created offices which hummed with efficiency and became a social prestige (Saval 5). The Larkin building also housed numerous selfimprovement opportunities such as; a gym, library, lounge, and classrooms (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 51).

In 1924, research was completed at the Hawthorne Works building to see if lighting levels affected employee productivity. This theory was disproved, however the study showed a relationship with coworkers and supervisors was more important to employees than the physical qualities of the office space (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 55). The American office buildings in the 1920s through the 1950s were constrained to a strict commercial logic.

Offices began to evolve from spaces designed by architects to those conforming to values of developers and landlords. This made circulation tight and hidden, with simple continuous floors to offer the highest ratio of leasable area to gross area efficiency was the primary goal (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 59).

In the 60’s and 70’s, mechanical and electrical systems began to be integrated into the ceilings and floors offering maximum floor plan flexibility.

Office furniture began to be designed in a way to offer space utilization and interchangeability.

Office interiors started to have standard column spans and became well-lit and wellventilated (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 56). The office environment did not change much until a reexamination of the workspace took place in the late 60’s. The Action Office plan, designed by Robert Propst, consisted of several work stations (Hachard). This plan was meant to transform endless rows of desks into a sea of movement (Williams) creating “the office as a landscape” idea. Furniture and planters demarcated paths through the open office plan. Critiques of this layout quickly followed, saying there was a lack of privacy and an increase in noise and distractions (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 60).

One advantage of the open office plan was, the compact workstation. These workstations took up less space, were cheaper, and more modular.

These characteristics transformed into the cubicle design (Harchard).

Office design was being innovated in European countries as well as America. In the 70’s, the Central Beheer, designed by Herman Herzberger, was a city within a city in Holland. Office pods connected four spaces to one another and overlooked the top lit passageways (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 60). The idea of a village scale within an office building was meant to encourage “a humanistic entrepreneurialism among workers” and offer spaces flexible for individual or combined group work. The interior spaces were designed in the Central Beheer to emulate casual encounters one might experience on a city street. European countries were also becoming aware of employee well-being.

While the open office plan was beneficial for communication, workers complained about the distraction, lack of privacy, and lack of natural light since some employees sat as far as 100 feet away from windows. Natural day lighting, operable windows, and fresh air became a mandate in European countries due to their ecological sensibility (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 62). While European countries began looking into worker well-being, American offices began to be dictated by optimum rentable area (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 65).

In the 80’s, companies began to downsize and restructure. The restructuring included the

design of spaces for employees who were on the road more than in the office. These spaces were designed to have open desks, computer hookups, and a telephone for employees who needed a different space on a day to day basis (Albrecht and Chrysanthe 66). The idea of a “wandering worker” is even more prevalent today with cell phones and e-mail, allowing for increased mobility.

Throughout the history of office design, layouts and organization were focused around the idea of efficiency and profit making. Office designs were not centered on the health or comfort of employees, making the need for healthy workplace design in today’s increased sedentary culture.

An interior view of a “pod” working space in the Central Beheer building (fig. 1.7)

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WORKPLACE DESIGN be adjusted in height to allow for sitting and standing, will help reduce prolonged sitting and will encourage movement throughout the day (Ostrom 77). Active furniture, furniture that encourages movement, can reduce prolonged sitting time while providing small amounts of activity during the day (Well). Physical activity and comfort can be seen at multiple levels in an office space and all these need to be considered when designing for healthy workplaces.

Stress point in back from poor posture while working on the computer (fig. 1.8)

Health Factors and Workplace Wellness Americans spend around 2,000 hours annually in the office (Pay & Leave). The workplace can begin to affect these individuals in a positive or negative way depending on the design of these spaces. One negative effect is stress. In the current workforce, stress affects more than 70% of Americans on a physical and emotional level (Stringer 80). Stress is typically seen as affecting one’s mental health, but on the physical level it can lead to heart disease, weight gain, and affect one’s creativity and rational decision making skills (Stringer 80). Workplace design should be planned in a way to minimize stress.

Another way negative design affects employee well-being is by the furniture offices use. The workplace has become standardized and so has the furniture employees sit at all day. This standardization has led to musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses because everyone is not the same shape and size (Ostrom 4). Work stations should be designed for adjustability for any worker using the station. Buying the correct furniture, which can be adjusted and changed to an individual’s own body, will help mitigate back injuries (Ostrom 71). Workstations are designed for sitting, but studies show prolonged sitting can attribute to higher risk of cancer, weight gain, fatigue and back discomfort. Sitting burns 50 fewer calories than standing and sitting for more than three hours a day can lower life expectancy (Well). Workstations which can 22| Seeing the New in the Old

Workplaces should be designed to encourage movement throughout the day and increase one’s physical activity levels. About 70% of the burden of disease is caused by preventable or postponable illnesses. These modifiable behavioral risk factors account for about half of all deaths in the U.S. (Goetzel and Ozminkowski 307). The surgeon general reports that 60% of Americans don’t engage in physical activity on a regular basis and 25% do not partake in any physical activity during their day (Schmitz and Scully 7). It’s suggested the average adult partakes in 150 minutes of moderate activity per week, but the average adult only gets about 60 minutes of physical activity per week. (Well).

People say the lack of physical activity is due to lack of time (Goetzel and Ozminkowski 313).

Exercise facilities are often located far away from one’s home or work and people feel they don’t have the time to make special trips to workout. Designs for small amounts of activity per day can begin to add up and increase one’s health.

ATTRIBUTES OF THE BEST WORKPLACES: Percent of respondents who selected each attribute as describing the “best� workplace (fig. 1.9)

Workplace Values The workplace is ever changing and should not be seen as one size fits all. The current workplace can have up to five generations of workers. The largest contingent in the U.S. workforce is the millennial generation (Gensler).

When looking into office design, architects should consider the values these generations want in their workplace. A survey was done on over 34,000 working millennials in 2014 to see what they valued in their workplace. A healthy work-life balance was important to 57% of these individuals. Being able to have non-work related conversation with managers, and high trust in companies was another value. Research shows millennials are thriving in physical well-being and are improving in their views of healthy lifestyles (Rigoni and Bailey). Since the new workplace generation is concerned about their work-life balance, trust from upper level managers, and physical well-being, the workplace needs to better accommodate these values.

Five Generation At Work U.S. Labor Force, in Millions 80 Boomers 60

56 53

Gen X

41

40 Silent/Greatest 20 Millennials 0

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Post-Millennials

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1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018

Graph showing the relation in numbers of the five generations currently in the workforce (fig 1.10)

Literature Review |23

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Physical Fitness

Physical Health

Healthy Habits

Social Skills

Psychological Wellness

Mental Health

Cognitive Skills

Educational Success

Areas of your life which can be positively benefited from physical activity (fig. 1.11)

Benefits From Physical Activity Physical activity can help prevent diseases such as: hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, some forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity (Heideri). National Institutes of Health report patients who lost weight and walked more reduced their risk of diabetes by 58% and in older patients the reduction was 71% (Schmitz and Scully 9). This is encouraging because from 1991-2001 there was a 75% increase in the prevalence of obesity in the American population (Schmitz and Scully 7). Exercise can also increase lifespan. Overall mortality risk can be reduced by 20% by participating in 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity physical activity every week (Well). Exercising is complex and physical activity is comprised of four parts: frequency, time/duration, type, and intensity (Bedimo-Rung 160). A balance of these four parts will help an individual get the most out of their workouts and see the best results to their health.

Exercise can also benefit one’s mental health (Bedimo-Rung 161). Light and moderate aerobic activity can lower anxiety and sadness, especially in a park or outdoor setting (BedimoRung 161). Designers need to make exterior 24| Seeing the New in the Old

spaces attractive so people want to spend their time outside to improve their mental health.

Healthy decision making is improved in people who work out regularly. Studies have shown a higher level of motivation to be healthy in people who exercise regularly than those who do not exercise. Also, those who regularly exercise believe they have control over their health and take steps to improve their overall well-being more often than people who do not work out (Goetzel and Ozminkowski p304).

Being physically active can help one be aware of healthy choices that can be made throughout the day. Small incentives can influence an individual’s decisions and behaviors towards physical activity and these can turn into regular exercise routines (Well). For example, an employee who regularly takes the stairs at work will usually take the stairs in other buildings.

Architects need to start designing spaces which increase physical activity in small ways.

Integrating exercise into people’s daily routine is one of the best ways for people to become more physically active. These small changes in ones thinking of the built environment can then lead to a positively changed lifestyle.

Trees in a park (fig. 1.12)

Site Design for Workplaces Building location is a key factor in designing for physical activity. When selecting a building site one should consider the distance to other amenities. The relationship to off-site destinations is important for encouraging building occupants to go outside during the day and walk to these destinations (Zimring 188). People need walkable places in areas which are already built to encourage walking to destinations (Schmitz and Scully 7, 51).

Whole cities cannot be torn down and rebuilt to accommodate people to walk to other destinations, the existing environment needs to be adapted to cater to active transportation methods.

Urban offices are typically surrounded by parking with little or no green space and the green space which is available is rarely used. When designing for workplaces, architects need to be aware of the surrounding area and the site design. These exterior spaces can positively influence users to be physically active. Aesthetics plays a large roll in influencing people to be active. Pleasant and interesting places can make trips seem shorter than traveling through dull areas

(Zimring 188). This makes a designer’s job for aesthetically pleasing places more important.

Creating places for physical activity in outdoor areas in proximity to places people work will encourage users to go outside and be active (Bedimo-Rung 163). Providing elements of active design into the building site will incentivize physical activity. Design elements such as: benches, water fountains, walking paths, and cycling space will support occupant activity outdoors as well (Well).

When looking at outdoor spaces in urban areas, one must consider safety and what factors make users feel safe in their environment.

Providing trees and vegetation on site can begin to inhibit crime and violence while promoting social interaction. Trees also begin to moderate temperatures by providing shade, making a place more pleasant even in hotter temperatures.

Air pollution is also reduced by trees absorbing gaseous pollution (Bedimo-Rung 161-162). The urban environment can begin to play a huge role in whether one takes breaks outside the office or not.

Literature Review |25

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Total hours in a Year = 8,760

Total hours spent Awake = 5,840

Total hours spent at Work = ~2,000

Total Recommended hours to Workout = 130

Interior Design Physical activity promotion and mitigation of adverse health outcomes can be accomplished through the built environment (Heidari). Since employees spend about 2,000 hours a year inside office buildings (Pay & Leave), the interior spaces are crucial when designing for improving physical activity. Interior pathways and stairs within a building can provide convenient ways to incorporate low-impact, moderate-tovigorous intensity level activity. These short bursts of activity can reduce risk of stroke and improve cardiorespiratory fitness. These spaces should be well lit, easily accessible to the entry of the building, and aesthetically appealing (Well). Designers should be aware of how the spaces feel throughout the day to make sure areas are appealing during the whole work day.

The functionality of the space should also be considered to make sure they can be used for specific tasks at hand.

Occupants are incentivized to engage in regular activity when fitness space is provided in work places. These workout areas should provide equipment for weight training and aerobic workouts. Worksite Health Promotion Programs,are employer initiatives directed at improving employee health at the office in numerous ways, and have been in practice since the 1990s. Exercise programs can serve as a buffer against stressors in the work place and are part of many organization’s stress management programs (Goetzel and Ozminkowski p304).

Access to programs where advice and training is offered can help employees learn new fitness techniques. Providing classes can improve a 26| Seeing the New in the Old

healthy work culture in the office and encourage routine physical activity (Well). It is also helpful to have managers participate in these programs to encourage their employees to take part in the classes (Stringer, 2016, p.97).

Along with workout spaces, showers and locker rooms being available to employees will support physical activity (Well). Creating a workplace which promotes physical activity and healthy living will encourage employees to partake in these programs and improve their health.

Areas of your body that active interior design can affect: Cardiovascular, Muscular, Skeletal (fig. 1.13)

1 in 4 Americans are Active

1 in 4 Americans are Overweight

Synthesis

Conclusion

After reviewing the literature. The need for both active workplace design and rehabilitation of existing buildings is on the rise. These two ideas can begin to work together to benefit one another.

The monetary impact for a business to construct a new building for active workplace design would be too high to justify the investment. Also, the demolition from tearing down these offices would leave a huge impact on the environment.

The existing built environment can be utilized to meet the needs of a new workplace. Businesses can reuse existing buildings while designing for active workplace design. This would reduce the need for a large monetary investment for a new building, while also reducing construction waste from demolition.

Existing buildings can have positive effects on an area’s economy and environmental impact.

These factors cannot be ignored when arguing to tear down these buildings for new construction.

Also, the workplace has a way to positively affect one’s health due to the large amount of time an individual spends in the office. While looking at the built environment, it is important to consider how we are promoting existing building reuse while promoting people to be physically active in their everyday routines.

The proposed project will show how an existing building can be utilized for new ideas in design thinking, such as active workplace design.

The project will take an existing building and will rehabilitate it for active workplace design.

The project will focus on determining what parts of the existing building should be kept in place and preserved, while also understanding the opportunities for new construction in the existing spaces. These new spaces will address the idea of having an active workplace design to promote improved employee health and well-being. Normal everyday office tasks will be examined to see how non-intense physical activity can be incorporated to these daily routines to begin to improve the physical health of employees.

Literature Review |27

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COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES The exploration of existing office design was important in understanding current design and workplace culture. The selected case studies represent businesses who have incorporated health or building rehabilitation in their offices as a method of providing a positive workplace experience.

Each case study was examined under the same criteria to understand how these values can be incorporated in different buildings and geographic areas. The criteria examined in the case studies will begin to inform future values of the proposed project and will lend insight on how some of these values can be included in a rehabilitation project.

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ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS

Main stair located in the open next to windows in the main lobby of one of the buildings on the Roche campus (fig 2.1)

Location: This business campus is located in a suburban area northeast of Indianapolis, Indiana. The suburban location is ideal because of its close proximity to where potential employees can live. The suburbs also offered more real-estate for their campus. This allows for their buildings to be spread out and increase walking on site.

Size: The campus has 20 buildings spread across 159 acres.

Construction Type: The campus is a mix of previous existing buildings, which were renovated, and new construction from when Roche moved to the site.

Workplace Culture: The campus is aimed at transforming their offices into an innovative work space. Modernism and environmental sustainability are at the core of the architectural design language. This new design language is aimed to bring millennials, who value sustainability and well-being, to their company.

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Sustainability Measures: New buildings are being powered 100% by renewable energy. The existing buildings are being refurbished and upgraded to be more sustainable. The campus is a zero-landfill site and outside lawns are let to grow to mimic the prairies of the Midwest. The lower maintenance lawn uses less water and no pesticides. Through the new construction and renovations, natural light has been improved within their facilities to minimize electricity use. New buildings are designed with energy efficient heating and cooling systems.

On-site Amenities: A parking garage is the central building on the campus. Visitor parking is located within the garage and throughout the campus near frequently visited structures. Along with office space, laboratories, warehouses, and diagnostic centers, Roche offers amenities aimed for employee self-care. This building houses the wellness and fitness center and a cafeteria for the campus and is located near the main parking structure.

On-site kitchen area with meeting space and tables (fig 2.2)

Treadmill desks overlooking the exterior courtyard (fig. 2.3.)

The stair case is a sculpture piece in the space (fig. 2.4.)

Methods of Physical Activity: The placement of the fitness building and parking is aimed at encouraging employees to take time at the start or end of their day to be active. Wi-Fi is accessible in outdoor areas to promote employees to hold meetings outside.

Treadmill workstations are located throughout their buildings for employees to walk while working. Circulation stairs are not hidden and are near windows, making them a focal point of design and promoting stair usage over elevators.

Relation to Off-site amenities: Since the Roche campus is spread out across a large amount of land, there are no off-site amenities within a reasonable walking distance.

A number of restaurants are located near the Roche campus by a short drive. There are also stores located near the campus, making grocery shopping an easy addition to employee’s commutes. There are also a number of workout places which employees could use off-site.

Workstation Set-up: Organized as neighborhoods, Roche has created a workplace for colleagues to collaborate informally with each other while having the freedom to sit at different desks every day. The neighborhoods are equipped with monitors, connections, couches, quiet rooms, and elevating desks. These alternative workplace strategies give employees a choice for where to work with their given tasks, understanding certain tasks require different working environments. This freedom encourages more collaboration among employees, and also reduces the number of set workstations in the office.

Ways to Commemorate Existing Features: Other than the existing buildings they utilize, there is no history to commemorate at this time.

Take Away: Roche does a good job with promoting stair usage throughout their buildings on campus.

Pulling stairs near the windows and having them be center pieces in a room encourage employees to use the stairs since they are visible and in the open. Another idea from this project is how a site can become sustainable. The way Roche designed a sustainable site was through lessening the maintenance. There are numerous other ways to achieve sustainability through site design and this idea and value is a good start.

Case Studies |31

GOOGLEPLEX

Exterior space which offers shade and sunny areas (fig. 2.5)

Rendering of new interior space with main stairs and relaxation area (fig. 2.6)

Rendering of new cafe and interaction area for the campus. (fig. 2.7)

Location: The Google complex is located in an urban area south of San Francisco in Mountain View, California. Located in the Silicon Valley, Google has access to professionals looking to get their foot in the tech world. The urban location also offers a chance for employees to go outside and be immersed in a tranquil, natural environment.

Size: The campus has 3.1 million square feet of office spread across 12 acres.

Construction Type: The campus is a mix of previous existing buildings, which are being renovated, and new construction from after Google took over.

Workplace Culture: Google focuses on green-conscious and healthy lifestyles for its employees. Google also offers time and space for employees to explore personal projects.

32| Seeing the New in the Old

Sustainability Measures: Sustainability plays a large role in the Googleplex design. Solar panels are located on numerous buildings, and electric charging stations for cars are available, which are powered by solar energy. Natural light is used in many spaces to reduce the need for active lighting.

On-site Amenities: Being located in Silicon Valley, Google has to compete other companies to keep their highly sought after employees, and this leads to numerous on-site resources. There are countless free cafes and snack areas, a gym, game areas, laundry, and on-site medical staff.

Methods of Physical Activity: Googleplex has a full gym on campus to encourage employees to be active throughout the day. The campus itself acts as a way to provide exercise. Being spread across many acres employees can be encouraged to take a stroll on the grounds throughout the day. Bikes are also parked throughout the campus and in buildings for employees to use.

Interior offering multiple work areas and space to have walking meetings. (fig. 2.8)

On-site gym offered to employees. (fig. 2.9)

Main lobby and staircase in a building on campus. (fig. 2.10)

Workstation Set-up: Glass walls divide spaces into clusters to create small working environments for group work.

Their new building will have desks through one interconnected floor, offering ways for collaboration among employees. Larger informal lecture areas are available to hold meetings and presentations. White boards are scattered throughout the space for impromptu discussions among employees. The different work spaces let employees pick the best working environment for any given task.

Ways to Commemorate Existing Features: The site was previously owned by Silicon Graphics, a company who created the digital dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. Google has kept the giant T-Rex statue on their campus. Other than the existing buildings they utilize, there is no history to commemorate at this time.

Relation to Off-site amenities: Googleplex is located on land that contains a 5-acre public park. The original goal was to develop headquarters and adjacent public greenspace for employees to utilize throughout the day. Since the Googleplex is a spread out campus, off-site amenities aren’t within walking distance but Google does a great job at offering many amenities an employee could need.

Take Away: This project is a good example of showing different types of amenities which can be offered on-site. Offering areas for working out will encourage people to go to the gym during the day, since it is within one of the buildings on campus. Other on-site amenities helps employees be less stressed about tasks they have to take care of outside of work, so they can have more focus on their job. The variety of workspaces the Google campus offers is a good example of how work can be done in multiple environments to decrease workplace fatigue.

These multiple environments can begin to be more or less collaborative based on the way the furniture is laid out.

Case Studies |33

MEDIBANK PLACE

Workspace featuring sit/stand desks for employees. (fig. 2.12)

Atrium featuring main staircase throughout the whole building to encourage stair usage. (fig. 2.11)

Working area offering impromptu discussions and individual work space. (fig. 2.13)

Location: Medibank is located in an urban area of Melbourne, Australia. This is an ideal location since it is in a downtown and provides exterior space for the public to utilize. This location is also beneficial for promoting individual’s to commute to work via public transit.

Sustainability Measures: Medibank looked at the environmental factors of their building. Water efficiency is incorporated on site; a gray water treatment system is integrated in the building, rain harvesting is placed on site, and sprinklers throughout the site are waterefficient. Solar photovoltaic panels are used.

The building has a trigeneration system for lowcarbon on-site energy generation and reduced electricity demand. Sustainability at the interior level includes; low-emission materials, energy efficient lighting, and an energy efficient HVAC system.

Size: One building with 495,100 square feet of office space.

Construction Type: This building is new construction.

Workplace Culture: The insurance company adopted the policy of not only improving the well-being of their clients, but also their employees and community. Their building is one of the healthiest workplaces in the world. They are creating Health Based Working by placing mental and physical health of people at the core of its business model.

34| Seeing the New in the Old

On-site Amenities: Their promotion of health extends into the onsite amenities the company offers. Medibank promotes healthy eating for staff and the community by having a demonstration kitchen to show healthy food options. This kitchen uses produce from their edible garden on site. The site offers community space, cafes, shops, and a public park. These amenities are all available to the employees and the public.

Site design offering benches and greenspace. This space is also open to the public to use on a daily basis. (fig. 2.14)

Methods of Physical Activity: Medibank has multiple ways to get their employees up and moving throughout the day.

Multipurpose sport courts are located at the ground level. Ramps are located at the street level with bike storage to encourage employees to bike to work. The stairs are located within the center of the building in a large atrium space to encourage stair usage. The walkway from the bus station to the entrance takes employees through the on-site park.

Workstation Set-up: Employees are equipped with laptops and mobile phones to give them complete freedom to choose where and how they work. The building houses over 26 different types of interior spaces for employees. Some of these interior spaces include; indoor quiet rooms, collaborative hubs, and exterior balconies with Wi-Fi connectivity.

Relation to Off-site amenities: The downtown location offers a number of places for people to leave and have meals outside of the office. The office is located blocks away from parks in the area. The building is located across the street from the train station.

Qualities of Interior Space: Along with promoting physical activity, the interior spaces aid in improving employee mental health. Circadian lighting helps support employee’s biorhythms by mimicking natural daylight. The interior is fitted with numerous plants to create a natural working environment.

These factors and others help relieve stress and improve air quality.

Ways to Commemorate Existing Features: Not applicable since Medibank is new construction.

Take Away: The Medibank Place allows physical activity throughout many aspects of their building.

The site design offers enough space for people to get a break outside during the day. The different workstation set up and mobility of their equipment encourages employees to move throughout the building while working.

The building has numerous on-site amenities meant to encourage employees to be active individually and as groups.

Case Studies |35

NEW LAB

View of the length of the building. The original feel of the massive factory space is left intact with the way the building is laid out. The historic structure was left exposed. (fig. 2.15)

Location: New Lab is located in the Brooklyn Navy Yard in New York. Their building is located on the water of the Navy Yard Basin that connects to the East River. This location is ideal because it is surrounded by all the amenities a downtown would offer, but is located near residential neighborhoods and potential users.

Size: One building with 84,000 square feet of rentable office space.

Construction Type: This building is a rehabilitation of a historic navy yard hanger to an office building.

Workplace Culture: Looking at the history of the 1902 navy yard hanger, which was the primary machine shop for ma jor ships launched during World Wars I and II, the aim was to envision a way to return the building to relevance. The new business in this space is looking to champion entrepreneurship and innovation.

36| Seeing the New in the Old

Companies who fit into their business model can rent space in the building by the square foot.

Sustainability Measures: The rehabilitation nature of this building aids in its sustainability. The need for active lighting is reduced by pushing all the offices to the exterior of the floor plan. The existing windows are also operable, offering renters the option for natural air.

On-site Amenities: Along with workspace for the renters, the building has an event and exhibit space that can be rented out. A cafĂŠ is also located in the building. The renters have access to prototyping equipment such as; 3D printers, production space, software, CNC equipment and lab areas.

This equipment is meant to aid in the creative design thinking and process of the companies.

Methods of Physical Activity: Though physical activity was not the driving factor in the design, there are numerous ways it is achieved in the hanger.

View of event and exhibit space available to renters. (fig. 2.16)

View of entrance with bike ramp and bike storage. (fig. 2.17)

View of interior work pods meant to mimic historic piles of materials, along with existing equipment intact. (fig. 2.18)

Near the main entrance of the building at the end of a ramp is bike parking, encouraging employees to bike to work. The building’s central axis was preserved to create a simple circulation spine for employees to see the length of the building while walking. The second floor walkway is designed in a way to mimic a track to encourage walking.

Ways to Commemorate Existing Features: The translucent office pods are single story buildouts meant to mimic stacks of raw materials and fabrication stations from the naval machine shop. Framing the central corridor of the 350’ long building recalls the building’s original factory floor layout. The original gantries are reused as bridges over the first floor space.

Workstation Set-up: The building houses permanent and flexible workspaces for renters. Permanent workspaces include the translucent office pods. Both floors contain communal meeting rooms and interior plazas for collaborative design among different companies.

Take Away: The way New Lab has commemorated the past and added in new space interventions into the historic building is the main take away from this project. The design was able to keep the original large feel of the building intact while creating office pods, which begin to mimic the original use of the building. The collaborative spaces in the building are also beneficial. The owners understood how design is a collaboration among users and the different companies to be able to bounce ideas off of one another. The spaces which were designed allow for casual, impromptu interactions between people who don’t work together.

Relation to Off-site amenities: Being located near an urban area of Brooklyn, New Lab has access to many off-site amenities.

The blocks surrounding the building have restaurants, shopping, and gyms. There are also parks nearby the office, providing space for employees to go if they want to be outside during the day.

Case Studies |37

Case Study Take Away

38| Seeing the New in the Old

WORKSPACE -

Large break room with a variety of seating

ACTIVITY -

-

-

-

Large break room with a variety of seating Collaboration spaces Multiple on-site amenities

-

Large break room with a variety of seating Collaboration spaces Multiple on-site amenities Located in the downtown

-

Large break room with a variety of seating Collaboration spaces Multiple on-site amenities Located in the downtown Maker space for multiple businesses

-

-

-

-

HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Staircase close to entrance Central parking area

-

Reusing existing buildings on site

Staircase close to entrance Central parking area Outdoor break area

-

Reusing existing buildings on site

Staircase close to entrance Central parking area Outdoor break area Variety of transportation methods

-

Reusing existing buildings on site

Staircase close to entrance Central parking area Outdoor break area Variety of transportation methods Large open spaces to encourage walking

-

Reusing existing buildings on site Exposing existing structure New materials against old Existing building layout still noticeable

-

Case Studies |39

40|

PRECEDENT STUDIES The exploration of existing buildings through precedent studies was important to understand specific spatial qualities to be included in the proposed project. Then, to understand how these spatial qualities are achieved in existing buildings to understand how to incorporate these qualities in future projects. These precedent studies were evaluated as stand alone projects and specific aspects of the building were examined for their aesthetics, structure, site, and materiality. Moving forward these projects will help in determining design moves for the proposed project and how to go about introducing new elements into existing buildings.

|41

ALEMBIC INDUSTRIAL

Existing roof structure and brick exposed in the space. New doors and windows in place. (fig. 3.1)

The new drywall construction and arches in the existing space. (fig. 3.2)

The Alembic Industrial Heritage and ReDevelopment is located in Vadodara, India. The original 1,199 sq. ft. building was constructed in 1906 and was used as a penicillin manufacturing building. The factory was turned into a museum and art gallery in 2018 by Karan Grover and Associates.

used in the new design. The existing brick openings began to inform the new circulation throughout the spaces. The new windows and doors which were then added to the existing openings were true to the original shape and size. This eliminated the need for infilling which would have changed the shape and character of the openings. The new walls and new openings, which were added to the existing spaces, have arch shaped openings so they would fit into the original feeling of the space and pay homage to the existing openings.

The architects started this project by identifying what physical spirit of the building should be preserved and showcased in the new project.

These features included the existing masonry arches and the exposed roof trusses. The integration and balance of new materials against the existing, historic fabric and showcasing the historic features is what makes this project stand out.

The architects decided the existing brick openings in the building should be intact and 42| Seeing the New in the Old

The new materials which were added to the building begin to add to the industrial feel of the space, while not distracting from the original materials and textures. The new windows and doors are metal clad. The new arched openings are lined with metal sheeting, both of these metal elements have a modern industrial feel.

The new doors next to the existing brick structure. (fig. 3.3.)

Exposed roof structure in a studio space built with new drywall construction. (fig. 3.4)

New drywall construction with the metal lined arch adjacent to the existing brick texture. (fig. 3.5)

The new walls were constructed of a smooth white drywall. The contrast of the new, smooth drywall and the original, textured brick is a nice addition to the building. Leaving these two elements distinct from one another helps people distinguish which part of the building is the original versus the new construction.

architects went through to decide what features to keep is a good way to make sure all significant features are still intact at the end of the project.

The materials the architects chose to add to the building will also be beneficial in dealing with new materials for the proposed project.

The architects also thought the existing structure was a unique feature of the building which should be showcased. Exposing the existing roof structure shows the construction methods used during the time of construction. Keeping the structure and high ceilings open also helps keep the historic feel of the large spaces intact when walking around the museum.

This project lends itself as a good precedent for the proposed project because it is an existing factory building. Understanding the process the Precedents |43

MARCONETTI EX-MILL

New dance studio utilizing natural light from the clerestory monitor window and existing roof structure exposed. (fig.

3.6)

Natural light being let into office area. (fig. 3.7)

Floor slabs pulled away from exterior walls. (fig. 3.8)

Floor plan diagram indicates where the new classrooms spaces are going and where collaborative spaces will be on the floor. (fig. 3.9)

The Refunctionalization of the Marconetti ExMill is located in Argentina. The building was constructed in 1920 and is a 51,400 sq. ft. grain mill factory. The adaptive reuse is an academic facility for the local high school and was completed in 2017 by Subsecretaria de Obras de Arquitectura.

The architects began this project by removing all later additions to the exterior and interior of the building. The reasoning behind this was to release the original volume of the building and fully understand what spaces they were working with from the original structure. This project does an excellent job keeping natural light in all the spaces along with showcasing the original, exposed structure throughout the building.

The idea of allowing natural light into the building and exposing the structure began to 44| Seeing the New in the Old

work hand in hand in this project. One way both these goals are achieved is through the existing floor plates. The concrete floors do not extend all the way to the exterior walls on some floors.

Since the floors do not extend, this allows the beams to be exposed and the construction to be seen throughout the building. Also, since the floors are pulled away, this allows more natural light to fill multiple stories instead of just one floor at a time.

Another way these two goals are achieved is the new construction does not extend all the way from floor to ceiling. Having the walls be detached from the ceiling allows the continuous beams and structure to be seen through all the spaces without interruptions from walls. The existing roof trusses in these spaces are also left exposed in areas where there are high ceilings, keeping the original feel of the open space.

Natural light coming into the circulation spaces and exposed beams. (fig. 3.10)

Exposed roof trusses and new construction not fully going up to the ceiling. (fig. 3.11)

Having space between the ceiling and the top of the wall also allows for natural light to spill into these spaces since the light is not blocked with full construction. This allows natural light to fill areas which would otherwise be blocked from the window.

This project lends itself as a good precedent due to the way one solution began to address two goals at once in a project. This will be a possible method for the proposed project where multiple goals can be achieved through one solution. The way each floor was laid out to allow natural light to come into all spaces without having to add new openings is also a good example for how this could be achieved in the proposed project.

The way the architects started the project with removing all the new interior additions, is a good example to understand how the new spaces can fill the original, large, open structure and not be confined to the new interior spaces.

In other parts of the building where specific rooms and offices are needed these rooms are pushed to side of the building floor plan to allow windows to be in each office. Having the circulation on one side of the floor and the offices on the other allows for each space to have natural light to reduce the need for artificial lighting. This also allows for people to have conversations in circulation areas without distracting others. The existing clerestory monitor window on the top floors was also left intact to allow natural light to fill the new dance studio and keep the trusses exposed in the space.

Precedents |45

RIBBONS COURTYARD

View of full courtyard space. (fig. 3.12)

The Ribbons courtyard is located in San Francisco, CA. The 20,000 sq. ft. space was completed in 2013 by Cliff Garten Studio. This courtyard is a landscape sculpture for the Art and Architecture Program of the General Services Administration at 50 United Nations Plaza.

The way the different materials begin to blend into each other and are layered throughout the space encourages movement through the courtyard. These materials then begin to fold up into areas for rest and relaxation. The new space also utilizes some of the existing concrete from the previous courtyard. These aspects are what make this project unique.

Upon entering the courtyard from either building stone bands begin to curve to the left or right. This movement encourages users to follow the stone to different paths and walk 46| Seeing the New in the Old

throughout the whole courtyard space. The areas of planted ground also begin to delineate the paths and create more of a track feel for the space to encourage people to move throughout the entire courtyard. The planting areas begin to add a more natural feel to the space in what would be just hard solid surfaces without them.

The stone bands also begin to provide areas of rest and relaxation in the space. This is another example of a project which gets multiple uses out of one design decision. The stone begins to twist up into benches along the different paths provided. The twisting motion can also be seen as encouraging movement since they are not just benches on the surface but morph from the ground to the form.

View of stone bands curving up into benches for people to sit on. (fig. 3.13)

View of people conversing while walking throughout the space. (fig. 3.14)

Full view of courtyard. Notice the stone bands curving away from each entrance leading to individual paths delineated by the areas of planting. People are conversing while walking, standing, and sitting. (fig. 3.15)

This project becomes a good precedent for movement being naturally encouraged through a space by having different materials begin to delineate paths. Also, you can notice how the material flows in the space by organic lines instead of harsh, orthogonal lines, which adds to the implied idea of movement. Having multiple materials and giving areas of planting can make the space feel more relaxing, as if in a park rather than a courtyard in a large city.

Precedents |47

HORIZON MEDIA

View of the game room along with adjacent working space.

Notice the different table games. (fig. 3.19)

Raised area of relaxation above a glass conference room. (fig. 3.21)

Sunken relaxation area adjacent to exterior terrace. (fig. 3.18)

Horizon Media is located in New York and is an office for a digital media company. The project was designed by a+i architecture in 2013. The design of this office space allows for multiple things to happen, such as; workplace flexibility, areas of retreat, promotion of movement, and natural light.

for workers to take a mental break from work if needed. There is a large linear desk in another area of the office allowing collaborative work to be completed. There are individual workplaces for people to accomplish more focused tasks.

Lastly, throughout the office there are numerous areas where couches are located allowing for impromptu conversations to happen and relaxation among the employees.

Work flexibility and areas of retreat start to be offered through the same spaces. The first is the rooftop terrace adjacent to their interior workspace. The architects took an under utilized space and turned it into a retreat for the employees to get a breath of fresh air, have lunch or parties outside. The terrace is also used as an informal meeting area for business.

Another area in the office is the game room.

This area has a number of seating areas used for working, but it also has games in it. There are a few table games in this space to allow 48| Seeing the New in the Old

Movement is encouraged throughout the workplace. Many of the areas of relaxation are located either a few steps up or down from the floor level. This begins to encourage employees to take a few stairs every so often when they are looking to take a break. The multi-level spaces are also beneficial in making interactions in these spaces seem private and non-disruptive to coworkers who are focusing on work.

View of large group workout area with individual workout stations in adjacent room. (fig. 3.16)

View of individual workout area. (fig. 3.20)

Women’s locker room utilizing natural materials to make the space feel relaxing. (fig. 3.17)

Exterior terrace space being used for an area of relaxation on a nice day. (fig. 3.22)

Horizon Media also puts employee health as forefront to their business model. Within their office there is a wellness center which provides workout classes, cardio and weight machines, and massage treatments for employees. Along with workout areas, the company provides locker rooms with showers for employees to clean up after working out.

These aspects make this project a good precedent.

The strategies for flexible workspaces begin to allow employees to choose their environment based on their task at hand or if they need a change in scenery. Placing areas of relaxation slightly lower or higher than the floor plan, makes the space feel private and differentiated from the other areas in the office.

Having a specific space for group and individual health promotion begins to allow employees to interact with each other while also getting healthy. The natural light begins to liven up the office space and make it seem less sterile and planned. These aspects allow for workers to have a different experience at work every day.

Natural light is another factor in this office that adds to the overall atmosphere of the space. The main working areas are all pushed to the exterior of the floor plate to allow working spaces to have natural light while the elevator core and storage areas are located in the middle of the floor plan.

The materials on the interior also allow for this natural light to bounce off the surfaces and fill the space. Rooms and offices which need to be closed off have glass walls instead of opaque walls to allow the light to reach these spaces.

Precedents |49

NOVARTIS PHYSIC GARDEN

View of bridges crossing over the sunken planting bed. (fig. 3.24)

Renders of intended look and feel of the Grove area transitioning into the Garden. (fig. 3.25)

Plan of the Grove and Garden spaces, showing the intended look after the trees are fully grown. Notice the different areas of seating throughout the Garden space. (fig. 3.26)

The Novartis Physic Garden is located in Basel, Switzerland. The project is a 30,138 sq. ft. courtyard designed by Sweco Architects, Thorbjorn Andersson.

The intent of this project is to celebrate sensuous phenomena of all kinds. This courtyard offers multiple areas of retreat from work and these areas are surrounded by different plants. The courtyard has a variety of plants in the space which blend well together to make the courtyard more relaxing. These two aspects make the project successful.

The first distinction of space is between the Grove and Garden. The Grove is beneficial because it begins to act as a transition from built environment to the natural environment or vice versa. The transition is an opportunity for users to switch their head space whether leaving or 50| Seeing the New in the Old

entering the Garden before going to their next task. The transition is especially beneficial for users leaving the office to take a break, The Grove will help them clear their mind a bit before entering the Garden for full relaxation. This area begins to add trees to the hard scape in front of the office building. This makes the walk in this section of side walk shaded and more natural feeling amongst all the buildings.

The next distinction of spaces is seen in the setup of the Garden itself. The space was designed to be a labyrinth for viewers to see different aspects of the Garden step by step and to encourage walking through the entire space.

Upon entering the Garden along the width side, the viewer has the option to walk around the perimeter or use the bridges to walk over the plants.

Close up of a bench which is surrounded by raw wood logs. (fig. 3.28.)

Birds eye view of the finished Grove and Garden. Notice the different varieties of plants. (fig. 3.27)

Rendering of how the different plant varieties will look in the sunken flower bed. (fig. 3.29)

There are bridges which are situated directly at the entrance to encourage users to walk over the main planting area. This allows the user to be fully immersed within the plants and nature while still being in the city.

than just adjacent to them. All of the walls in this space are either plant walls or constructed with raw materials offering a more natural feel to the space.

The next distinct areas in this space are the benches throughout The Garden. These areas allow the user to relax among different natural environments. Even though these spaces aren’t fully enclosed, the plants begin to make walls and private areas for retreat. The benches are typically placed by walls constructed from natural materials offering different textures and colors for the user. This aids in relieving stress from the people looking for a retreat from work.

The different plants throughout the space begin to add different textures and colors to the Garden. The sunken flower bed and bridges lets users experience these plants from above rather

This project is a good precedent when examining different plant varieties and how they work together, along with how different areas of retreat are placed among the plants.

This can be an example of how different plants can add to the feeling of a space. Also, how different relaxation areas could be beneficial for individual and group times away from work.

Precedents |51

52|

SURVEY AND INTERVIEWS The survey was distributed via an online survey company. The survey was sent to architecture firms equaling around 80 individuals and the results included around 35 responses. The purpose of the survey was to understand the typical reasons people move throughout the work day. It was also to see what types of spaces workers would utilize in their office if provided. The answers from the survey will help understand the placement of spaces within the building to encourage more physical activity in day to day tasks. It will also help with knowing what types of spaces workers enjoy being in and which areas in an office employees do not typically use.

In person and electronic interviews were conducted with practicing professionals in the architecture profession and were conducted with 5 individuals. The purpose of the interview was to get an understanding of what other non-work related amenities and offerings drew these employees to their current company. The answers from these interviews will help inform what other non-work related spaces should be incorporated into the proposed project.

The main take away from the survey and interviews was, people get up during the work day for three main reasons: work related such as going to the printer, social related such as going to talk to co-workers, and health related such as wanting to get a certain number of steps in per hour.

After receiving this data, I looked at a diagrammatic office layout to begin to understand how the reasons people get up during the day can increase through adding in certain program elements to an office.

The series of diagrams along with the survey and interview responses are on the following pages in this section.

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WHY PEOPLE GET UP AT WORK Work Related Library Model Making

Social

Printer Desk

Health Related

Conference

Frequency of getting up

Lobby

Compact Office Layout for efficiency

Library

Work Related

Model Making

Printer

Social

Desk

Health Related Frequency of getting up

Conference

Lobby

Spread Out Office Layout for Increased Movement 54| Seeing the New in the Old

Library

Work Related Model Making

Co-Lab

Printer

Social

Desk Health Related

Co-Lab

Break Area

Frequency of getting up

Co-Lab Lobby

Conference

Adding Social Spaces that Offer Different Work Areas

Library Work Related

Model Making

Co-Lab

Printer Gym

Social

Desk

Co-Lab

Outdoor Area Break Area

Health Related Co-Lab Frequency of getting up

Conference

Lobby

Adding Health Related Program Elements Survey |55

SURVEY Surveyor’s Gender

Surveyor’s Age 53+

Female 77%

27%

Male 19% 58% Prefer Not to Answer

13%

4%

43-52

22-32

2% 33-42

How often do you get up from your desk during an average 8 hour work day?

What reasons do you typically get up form your desk during the day?

(Choose all that apply) Restroom

10+

4-6 times 44%

44%

12% 7-9 times

96%

Getting Food 74% Talking about work 81% Talking about 44% social Printing 63% Step Goal

15%

Mental Break

56%

Stretching 44%

How likely would you be to take breaks outside if your office provided outdoor seating and space?

Neither Likely or Unlikely 7%

Somewhat Likely 22%

48% 23% Likely 56| Seeing the New in the Old

Very Likely

What areas other than your desk are available for you to work on your tasks?

(Choose all that apply) Library

31%

Kitchen

38%

Co-Lab Space

65%

Courtyard

19%

Break Room

23%

Other

19%

Very Unlikely Unlikely

3-4 Days

4%4%

Neither Likely or Unlikely

15% 59% Very Likely

18%

Likely

How many days do you partake in moderate activity (exercise) during the typical week?

5+ Days 0 Days 11%

How likely would you be to work away from your desk if you could be mobile within the office?

If your workplace had a gym or fitness classes (yoga, zumba, etc.) in your building how likely would you be to workout on a regular basis?

Unlikely

Neither Likely or Unlikely

19%

Somewhat Likely 26%

4% 4%

22% 52%

Very Likely

44% 18%

1-2 Days What helps you enjoy/motivates you to work out? (Choose all that apply) Friend Accountability

52%

Working out with a trainer

23%

Workout Classes

29%

Reading/ Watching TV

18%

Listening to Music

62%

Likely

Survey |57

INTERVIEWS 1. How long have you worked at your company? a. What non-monetary reasons did you have for coming to this company?

2. What steps does your company do to improve your overall health and well-being while in the office? a. Does your company have any spaces meant for employees to take a break from their work away from their desk? If so, what types of space are they? b. How are the spaces designed? What materials do they have in them? What is the lighting quality? c. Does your company offer any workshops to explain health and well-being? d. If your company does not have any of these spaces, what types of areas would help you relax and take a mental break from your work while in the office?

3. What steps does your company take to improve the overall health and well-being while outside of the office? a. Does your company offer any incentives for encouraging people to work out and be physically active? b. Does the company hold any events which are focused around getting people moving and being active? c. If your company does not do these things what activities would get you motivated to be more physically active?

4. Is there an outdoor space near the office which you enjoy to go be in during breaks in the work day? a. If so, what aspects of this space provides you with opportunities to take a mental break?

How is it designed? What noises are there? What types of areas are there for other people?

5. Can you describe your office environment in terms of how comfortable you are to talk about nonwork related topics with some of you co-workers? a. If you feel like you can be on a more personal level with your fellow employees, what aspects of work make you feel that way?

6. If you work out regularly what motivates you to be physically active?

7. What other steps in your personal life do you take to be healthy?

8. What other types of working environments other than your desk does your office have for you to complete given tasks? a. If given the choice would you like to be able to be flexible and have a laptop and be able to work in different areas of the office? b. If so why? If no, then why not?

9. What would be your ideal workplace/ office have in terms of amenities, lighting, materials, rooms, and anything else you can think of?

58| Seeing the New in the Old

Number of Times Key Words were Mentioned In the Interviews Furniture

17

Lighting

6

Key Word

Furniture

Lighting

Space

Active

Health

Comfort

Space

25

Active

7

Health

11

Comfort

5

Quotation Interviewee 1 “Sit and stand desks would be nice in the office since my chair isn’t comfortable” “I enjoy the large amount of natural light coming into the office”

Quotation Interviewee 2

Quotation Interviewee 3

“The desks are in small “I like how our office pods which makes me has sit stand desks at feel welcomed on new every station” teams” “The lighting quality is “I prefer an office that is good and includes a lot of well lit, but not too well natural light” lit to create glare” “We have a gym but the space is feels cramped at times”; “We have a number of different spaces to work in which is nice” “Our company provides “I’m active to reduce occasional activities weight related diseases, which encourages me to and to be able to be active” do activities without getting tired” “I try to be healthy “We are encouraged through the meals I eat to be healthy with the and the lifestyle choices I benefit of cheaper make” health insurance” “I wish there were areas “The open office helps with different seating me feel comfortable to that is more comfortable” talk to co-workers”

“The office has a friendly “I wish there was a more environment which makes inviting outdoor space, I me feel comfortable” usually sit in my car when I want to be outside”

“I enjoy moving around after sitting at my desk all day”

“Complimentary programs within our health insurance and benefit package” “I wish there was more comfortable furniture in our office”

Interview |59

60|

SITE This section begins with additional site research and criteria for selecting the final proposed site.

The previous research completed for the project was beneficial in helping guide what type of site should be selected for a rehabilitation project that promotes physical activity in the workplace.

Additional research was completed to understand some demographics of possible locations to see what areas could benefit from a building which would promote physical activity.

Once the final site was selected, multiple trips were made to the site and building to gather the necessary information for the project. Existing photos were taken to catalog the existing conditions and to reference throughout the semester. Site analysis was completed to assist in the upcoming design process. The site analysis was key in determining where future programming elements would go in the project to minimize construction waste and to maximize the different potentials of the site.

|61

OBESITY RATES Adult Obesity (%) >.33

.293

2019 U.S. State Obesity Rates - Estimated percent of population in each state classified as obese

Adult Obesity (%) >35.4

31

<26.5

<.26

Adults Estimated to be Obese >78,300

39,100

<19

2019 County Obesity Rates - Estimated percent of population in each county classified as obese

2019 County Obesity Rates - Estimated number of people in each county classified as obese

Overweight and obesity is defined as, weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height. When determining ones weight classification Body Mass Index (BMI) is used as the screening tool. Calculating BMI is, your weight/ (height squared) x 703, there are also a number of BMI calculators online. BMI classifications are, <18.5 underweight range, 18.5 to <25 healthy weight range, 25 to <30 overweight range, >30 obese range (Defining).

list. This is one reason why Ohio was picked for the proposed project site.

The United States is ranked 12th when looking at a nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall citizens who are classified as obese (Most). The map above shows the Midwest states dealing with high obesity rates the most in the U.S. Ohio has a .32% obesity rate when looking at 8,674,270 of Ohioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total residents in 2019(BSUMaps). Ohio is not classified as one of the most obese states, but Ohio is high on this 62| Seeing Site Analysis the New in the Old

The next two maps narrow in on Ohio specifically and begin to look at each counties ranking. The red pin locates the proposed project site in Summit County. The percent rankings are based on all the counties within the United States, but a clear picture can begin to emerge of what counties in Ohio are struggling. Summit County has 30.8% of its residents being classified as obese. This number does not seem negative when comparing Summit County to other Ohio counties, but when looking at the number of estimated adults to be obese in Summit County the number is one of the highest in Ohio. An estimated 126,193 adults are obese (BSUMaps).

These factors make Summit County a good choice for the proposed project site within Ohio.

INACTIVITY RATES Physical Inactivity (%) >76

22.19

2019 U.S. State Inactivity Rates - Estimated percent of population in each state identifying as inactive

Inactivity (%) >31

26.9

<21

<18.3

Adults Estimated to be Inactive >63,800

31,900

<16

2019 County Obesity Rates - Estimated percent of population in each county identifying as inactive

2019 County Obesity Rates - Estimated number of people in each county classified identifying as inactive

Physical inactivity is defined as partaking in less than the recommended amount of physical activity per week. The American Heart Association recommends adults get at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity. Globally, 1 in 4 adults do not get the recommended amount of physical activity.

High-income countries experience lower physical activity rates. The drop in physical activity is partially due to inaction during leisure time, sedentary behavior at work and home, and increased use in “passive” modes of transportation (American).

which is a reason Ohio was chosen for the proposed project site.

The map above shows the Midwest states as being relatively inactive when compared to the rest of the U.S. Ohio has a 24.6% rate of inactive residents when looking at 8,673,889 of Ohio’s total residents in 2019 (BSUMaps). Even though Ohio does not have the worst percentage of inactive citizens, there is room for improvement,

The next two maps narrow in on Ohio’s counties.

The red pin locates the proposed project site within Summit County in Northeast Ohio. The percent rankings are based on all the counties within the United States, but a clear picture can begin to emerge of what counties in Ohio are struggling. Summit County has 23.8% of its residents defining themselves as inactive.

When comparing this number to the rest of the counties in Ohio this number does not seem as low as some other counties. When looking at the number of estimated adults who are inactive Summit County has one of the highest number of citizens who are inactive. An estimated 97,596 residents claim to be physically inactive (BSUMaps). This makes Summit County a good choice for improving physical activity in the proposed project site.

Site Analysis |63

PROPOSED SITE

SUMMIT COUNTY

OHIO

In selection of the proposed project site location, the following criteria was to be met: •

The site has an existing building constructed before white collar jobs.

•

The existing building should have a significant history giving it reason to be reused and not torn down.

•

The site is located in or near a city downtown.

64| Seeing the New in the Old

CASCADE VALLEY

E. NORTH ST. 243 FURNACE ST.

AKRON

The Akron Soap Company building is located at 243 Furnace Street in Summit County, Akron, Ohio. The site is comprised of about 3.14 acres.

The site is triangular in shape and sites at the intersection of North Furnace Street and East North Street.

The existing building on site is comprised of the historic Akron Soap Company and a non-historic warehouse, these buildings are connected and should be seen as one entity. The building is 65,000 square feet total.

FURNACE ST.

This site was selected because it met all the previously listed criteria. The factory building was constructed in 1893, before the typical white collar office job became popular. The site is located in close proximity to a small development and is also located close to the heart of downtown Akron. The site has impacted the history of Akron and is built using methods unique to the time of construction.

Site Analysis |65

AKRON HISTORY

View of Erie Canal Lock 2 in Akron, Ohio, no date. (fig. 4.2)

Postcard of B.F. Goodrich factory in 1934. (fig. 4.1)

Postcard of railway bridge over the Ohio Canal in Akron, Ohio in 1913. (fig. 4.3)

In 1825, the city of Akron was platted by General Simon Perkins (Akron). This location was picked because it was the highest point of the Ohio and Erie Canal. In 1827, the canal was opened linking Akron, Ohio to Cleveland, Ohio (History). This linkage was instrumental in the development of Akron as a city. Farmers around Akron brought their crops to the city to be milled, then these crops were transported to other markets via canal way. Manufacturing interests such as mills, furnaces, and textiles emerged at this time in the city (Akron). In 1852, the first train arrived in Akron (1850). The railroads connected Akron to other important cities throughout Ohio and industry in Akron began to grow. In 1865, Akron incorporated as a city. In 1870, the Buchtel College, which eventually became the University of Akron, was founded by a local businessman (Akron).

immigrants came to Akron looking for work in its prospering industries. The most well-known industry in Akron arrived after the advent of the automobile (Akron). Benjamin Goodyear brought his rubber manufacturing business from New York to Akron. Goodyear was the first of several rubber companies to have a business in Akron. In 1905, the Firestone plant in Akron agrees to supply tires for cars produced by Henry Ford. General Tire came to Akron in 1915.

The tire manufacturing business caused the population of Akron to triple and the city earned its name as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rubber Capitol of the Worldâ&#x20AC;?

(1850).

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, migrants from the Appalachian region and European 66| Seeing the New in the Old

The Great Depression hit the city hard, but even with the unemployment rate low, population still grew in Akron. Rubber manufacturing picked up again in the 1950s until about the 1970s, when most of the industry had moved production over to Europe (1850).

View of Firestone Rubber Company Building in 1949. (fig. 4.4)

View of Akron, Ohio in 1878. (fig. 4.5)

Today, the city of Akron is known for its research in polymers. Akron centers the Polymer Valley, which is made up of 400 polymer-related companies, 94 of these companies are located within the city. The Goodyear Polymer Center located at the University of Akron is the head of research. In 2008, Akron was given the name of “City of Invention”. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company opened its global headquarters in Akron, keeping its roots within the city (Akron).

Due to Akron’s unique location along the Little Cuyahoga River and the railways coming through the city, Akron has seen many industries come and go throughout its history. These industries have accounted for many historic factory buildings throughout the city.

View of Goodyear Polymer Center at University of Akron in 2002. (fig. 4.6)

Site Analysis |67

BUILDING HISTORY

Sanborn Insurance Map from 1904 showing the historic brick structure. (fig. 4.7)

The Akron Soap Company was originally started in 1848 in Cleveland, Ohio by a man named Alexander B. Duncan. Alexander’s son, Adam Duncan, brought his family to Akron, Ohio in 1884 and moved the Akron Soap Company to Akron.

The company was originally in a building in the Middlebury area of Akron. By 1892, the company had seen significant growth and was looking to expand to a new building. The new factory was a heavy timber frame building, and the exterior masonry bearing walls were constructed from local pressed brick.

In 1893, the new factory was completed and operations started at 243 Furnace Street in Akron, Ohio. This location was chosen due to its adjacency to the Little Cuyahoga River and the Valley Railway. These two means of transportation connected the factory to many large cities. The Akron Soap Company was wellknown throughout the city and competed with other larger firms. Their product was shipped to areas outside of Ohio such as, New York, Michigan, Indiana, and Pennsylvania.

The soap making process consisted of taking waste fats from slaughtering cows and pigs and boiling the fats with equal parts water. The boiled fat would rise to the top and would be scrapped off. After cooling, lye was added to the fats and this was the final soap product.

Shortly after the Akron Soap Company began business at 243 Furnace Street, residents started to complain about the smells from 68| Seeing the New in the Old

the soap process. In 1899, a law suit was filed against the company, saying the business was offensive to the neighborhood due to the smell.

Adam Duncan pleaded with the city saying, “Don’t knock against enterprises that help Akron.” This plea had no impact on letting the company stay in its current factory. By 1902, the company began looking for a new site outside the city limits. The Akron Soap Company moved its operations out of 243 Furnace Street in 1904.

After the soap company left, Pioneer Cereal Company bought the building in 1908. Pioneer Cereal Company added a basement to the structure and a grain elevator on the south end of the building. In 1915, Pioneer Cereal Company went bankrupt and all assets were sold, including the building.

After Pioneer Cereal left the building, there were many other companies who went in and out of the property over the years. Sometime before 1921, the grain elevator was torn down. Then, sometime between 1922 and 1939, a six story, concrete frame warehouse was built on site.

That building is currently still there along with the two original buildings from the soap factory (Burge). The property sat vacant for a number of years and demolition was being discussed until the current owner bought the property in 2013. The owner is in the process of turning it into event space and storage space for leasing.

In 2014, the building was listed on the National Register for Historic Places.

Sanborn Insurance Map from 1916 showing the Pioneer Cereal Company building, after the building was vacant. (fig. 4.8)

Akron Soap Company Building c.1910 after Pioneer Cereal bought the building. The three story portion (on left) and the two story portion to the right are the two historic structures still remaining on site (fig. 4.9)

The Akron Soap Company is significant because it represents the changes which occurred in manufacturing from the end of the Civil War until the 20th century. The Akron Soap Company started as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;trade businessâ&#x20AC;? passed along in the Duncan family, then turned into a corporation, with diversified interests. As a corporation stock was issued to raise money for their new facilities.

This money typically came from investors from other successful businesses in the area (Burge).

The Akron Soap Company is also significant due to its architectural style. It is one of the last remaining industrial buildings in Akron constructed with a timber frame structure. The building was also built from high-quality hard pressed brick, which contributes to its overall good condition after over 100 years (Burge).

Sanborn Insurance Map from 1930 showing the non-historic concrete structure, which was added between 1922 and 1939. (fig. 4.10)

Site Analysis |69

SITE ANALYSIS

Looking south at the back side of the historic Akron Soap Company building, non-historic warehouse next to factory

The Little Cuyahoga River, fed from the Cuyahoga River, fed from Lake Erie.

This is .5 miles from site and includes restaurants, shopping, and entertainment.

This is the main commercial development of downtown Akron and is 1 mile from site. This area includes restaurants, shopping, entertainment, the University of Akron, and a variety of businesses.

Apartments and student housing are also located in this area.

North

70| Seeing the New in the Old

Property owned by Akron Metropolitan Housing Authority

Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railway Property Line 3 Story Historic Factory

E. N

orth Stre et

136,778 square feet= 3.14 acres

2 Story Historic Factory 6 Story Non-Historic Warehouse

Property owned by Metro Regional Transit Authority

treet Furnace S

North

Structures from left to right: 3-story historic factory, 2-story historic factory, 6-story nonhistoric warehouse.

The Akron Soap Company building sits on an east-west axis and is located between the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railway to the south and the Little Cuyahoga River downhill and to the north. To the north and west of the site are residential neighborhoods. To the south of the site is downtown Akron. The building is located at a transition point from a commercial downtown to residential neighborhoods.

The site is comprised of 3.14 acres of land. The lots directly to the east of the site are not part of the building acreage.

The 3 and 2-story factory buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The 6 story warehouse is not listed. When looking into designing new spaces, the design features which make the two structures historic will be maintained to the best degree. This will maintain the significance of construction of these two portions. Since the 6-story warehouse is not historic, interventions can be done in any way due to the fact that history does not need to be maintained in the warehouse.

Site Analysis |71

EXISTING BUILDING: EXTERIOR Image 1: Looking south at the back side of the historic Akron Soap Company building

Image 4: Looking south at the west side of the historic Akron Soap Company building

Image 2: Looking south at the back side of the nonhistoric warehouse building and rear parking lot

Image 3: Looking west at open area next to building site and neighboring lot

Image 5: Looking south from front parking lot looking at Furnace St. and railway

72| Seeing the New in the Old

Image 11: Looking north at rear parking lot from rear entrance of building

Image 10: Looking north at neighborhood across the street from building site

E. N

orth

1 10

2 3

4

Image 9: Looking east at first section of the rear parking lot

Stre et

9

11 5

7

t e Stree Furnac

8

6

Image 8: Looking west at building from entrance to rear parking lot Site Plan taken from Google Maps.

North

Image 6: Looking north at building from entrance of front parking lot

Image 7: Looking east at the edge of the site from in front of building

Site Analysis |73

EXISTING BUILDING: INTERIOR The proposed building for the project consists of two remaining structures from the original, historic Akron Soap Company manufacturing complex and a non-historic warehouse building.

Both the two story and three story structures are constructed with red brick, they have masonry bearing walls with a heavy timber wood frame structure on the interior. The side gabled roof is supported by heavy timber and iron rod trusses.

The two structures are separated with a brick masonry bearing wall with arches connecting the interior spaces. The two structures are built on stone foundations with a basement which opens up to the north parking lot. The three story portion is four bays wide by three bays deep; the two story portion is six bays wide and three bays deep. The structures are a simplified version of Romanesque Revival Style, which was popular at the end of the 19th century.

The two story historic building and the warehouse share a party wall, connecting all three buildings. The non-historic warehouse building is six stories tall and was built sometime between 1922 and 1939 (Burge). The warehouse is a concrete framed structure with a flat roof.

The south faรงade is vertical texture brick and the other three facades are clay tile coated with Gunite.

Image 1: Historic brick archway in the masonry wall between the two and three story buildings on second floor

Image 2: Historic wood trusses in third story of the two story building

Image 3: Historic wood columns and beams with historic machinery on second floor

74| Seeing the New in the Old

Image 9: Historic platform where freight elevator was on third floor

Image 7: Structure in non-historic warehouse

Image 8: Existing stair

8

7 5

3

Typical floor plan of building

Image 4: Front entry into the building

1 2

9 4

6

North

Image 5: Room in the non-historic warehouse building third floor

Image 6: Structure in nonhistoric warehouse

Site Analysis |75

SITE ANALYSIS Furnace St. Section 1

E. North St.

Site

6

Furnace St. 5

Section 2

4

E. North St.

Site

3

2

1

Section Key Plan

North

Furnace St. Section 3

E. North St.

Site

Furnace St.

Section 4

E. North St.

Site

Furnace St.

Section 5

Section 6

76| Seeing the New in the Old

E. North St.

Site

Site

E. North St.

Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railway Property Line 3 Story Historic Factory 2 Story Historic Factory 6 Story Non-Historic Warehouse Noise from Road and Railway Areas Where Vegetation Starts

The building is set between Furnace Street and E. North Street creating a triangular property.

The site slopes down at a drastic rate at the north portion of the site. The site sections shown on the previous page show how the slope on the site looks. This will need to be taken into account when planning the site design and what areas are able to be easily accessible and occupiable.

Both Furnace St. and E. North St. can be fairly busy throughout the day and traffic noise is prevalent when outside the building. Even though trains are not a frequent occurrence, every so often noise from a passing train can be heard. The site should be designed in a way to offer a natural buffer between the road noise and the outdoor spaces, which are meant to be relaxing. Site elements which create natural

North

noises could also be looked into for lessening the distractions from man-made noise. Existing trees are on the north side of the site and can be retained to offer part of this natural buffer.

Since the site has neighborhoods to the north and south, these can be utilized to offer areas for employees to walk through while on a break. The side walks around the site should be expanded and completed to offer a way for employees to safely get to the neighborhoods.

Site Analysis |77

SITE ANALYSIS

Existing Roads Existing Bike Route Proposed Bike Route Extension

North

Existing Roads Existing Bus Route Proposed Bus Route Extension

North

Existing Roads 1 Minute Walk 2 Minute Walk 5 Minute Walk 10 Minute Walk

North

78| Seeing the New in the Old

Alternate transportation methods to the site were researched. This began with looking into existing bus and bike routes that are near the site.

There is an existing bike route south of the building on the edge of downtown. If this route was extended about .75 miles it would be able to reach the proposed project site. This would encourage users to ride their bikes to the building, increasing their activity level both at the beginning and the end of the day, along with providing a more sustainable means of transportation.

These two diagrams were beneficial when trying to the plan the entrances to the site.

Understanding where people would be coming from and what transportation method they would be using will allow me to have the necessary program elements near that entrance.

Lastly, looking at walking distances from the site began to show what areas would be within an acceptable distance for someone to walk if they wanted to go out for a lunch break. There are numerous neighborhoods within the area which employees could walk in if they wanted to go outside.

The existing bus route stops about three blocks away from the site. If this route were to be extended to the neighborhood directly next to the building site this could encourage users to take the bus and walk the rest of the way to the building. Again promoting users to be more active than if they just drove their cars to work and being more sustainable.

Site Analysis |79

80|

PROGRAMMING This section begins to look into the different codes and ordinances of Akron, Ohio. This is beneficial in understanding what types of businesses will be around the proposed project. This provides an understanding of what type of zoning the site currently is and what the zoning would need to be changed to in order for this project to be realized.

A cost evaluation for the project is also provided. This takes into account the location of the project to show the cost in Akron, Ohio. Design, construction, and equipment fees are also laid out to illustrate the different costs involved in an architecture design project.

Lastly, this section begins to consider different criteria which will be set forth for the project. A start for architectural and engineering requirements for the building are researched to begin to understand what systems are required for a rehabilitation project. Programming for different spaces required in an office building that promotes physical activity is provided in this section. The requirements and activities which will happen within each space has started to be looked into. This will be beneficial when laying out the spaces within the building to understand space adjacencies based on activity type and experience criteria.

|81

CODES AND ORDINANCES LODS H1 A3 H1 A2 H2 A2

B ER

H1 A2

VA L

H1 A2

H1 A3 H1 A3 H1 A3

PLUM

H2 A2

NOR TH

H1 A3

SP R I N G C T

SP E

OX FO RD

STU

E TH

H2 A2

LE Y

H2 A2

NC ER

H2 A2

H2 A2

VI

EW

I RR HA

C FURNA

S

H2 A2

Project Site

H2 A2

H2 A2 H3 A1

ST

E

H1 A1

H1 A1

H1 A2

E H3 A1

MMIT H3 A1 H3 A1

IO N

H5 A1

PR

H3 A1

INS

ST .

H3 A1 H3 A1

• • • • •

H1 A1

SR 8 UNI O N PL AC CE

Section of Akron Zoning Map showing project site and surrounding areas.

• • • •

H1 A1 H1 A1

H5 A1

CE

PE RK

T.

OLPH AVE.

ST.

UN

ST .

EC T

H5 A1

BLUF F

OS P

OS AG

E

M. L.K .B LV D.

MS S N. ADA AR H5 A1 CH ST .

N.

H5 A1

ST .

H3 A1

N. AD AM

AR

S

ST .

CH

Occupancy classification for an office building is Business Group B. A fire suppression system is needed for Group B occupancy classifications.

The construction type of the existing building is Type IV due to the heavy timber framing.

Based on the type of construction and begin a Group B classification, the code specified allowable building height, stories, and allowable floor area per story. The allowable building height is 85 feet tall. The number of allowable stories is 6 stories. The allowable floor area is 558,700 square feet per floor. The existing building on the proposed project site fits into all of these parameters.

The height restriction in the specific zoning area for the existing building is classified as an H1.

The height restriction for this area is 75’ tall. (Cite 153.335) The building is currently in a U-5 Industry Zoning District. This is a district for Ordinary Industry Manufacturing. Uses in this district include: textile manufacturing, distilling, hardware manufacturing, storage of gasoline, and other small scale manufacturing. (Cite 153.290) The current zoning would need to be changed to a ULB classification for an office building to use the existing building. A ULB district includes: offices and fraternal uses. (Cite 153.270) The orange districts to the north and west of the project site is classified under the Residential District as U-2 Apartment Housing.

The pink zoning area to the northeast of the site is classified under the Business District as U-4.

This area includes businesses such as; wholesale businesses, repair shops, warehouses/storage, newspaper, and recycling. (Cite 153.285)

82| Seeing the New in the Old

COST EVALUATION Design Fees Location Factor Project Costs

8-10% 94.7% 195

Existing Building Area =

65,000 S.F.

Typical Size for Building Type =

20,600 S.F.

= 3.15

Using Cost Modifier Curve = .91 UC = 195 CI = 94.7 Gross S.F. = 65,000 S.F. Area Conversion Factor = 3.15 CM = .91 Cost = (65,000 S.F.) X (195) X (.947) X (.91) Building Cost = $10,922,934

Item

Calculation

Building Cost Fixed Equipment Site Development

8% of Building Cost 15% of Building Cost

Total Construction

$10,922,934.00 $873,834.72 $1,638,440.10 $13,435,208.82

Movable Equipment

12% of Building Cost

$1,310,752.08

Professional Fees Architecture

9% of Construction Cost

$1,209,168.79

Total Budget

$14,644,377.61

Programming |83

BUILDING CRITERIA Systems The new HVAC system for the building will be an active chilled beam system. The active chilled beam system will have a reduced noise level than other HVAC systems and will provide a more constant airflow and humidity control which will contribute to employee comfort. This system will also require less air-handling equipment reducing the need for exposed equipment throughout the historic structure. Air is typically not recirculated throughout spaces with this system, reducing air pollutants or contaminants from being transported from one part of the building to another.

Sustainability Sustainability measures will be integrated in the proposed project. Because the building is an adaptive reuse, sustainability is already incorporated since demolition waste is avoided.

Additional sustainability concepts will include a grey water system, site vegetation, and day lighting utilizations. The collected grey water would come from the sinks and showers, this could then be used to flush the toilets or irrigate parts of the site which will have plants. This would allow for the water to be reused in other aspects of the site and minimize overall water waste from the building.

Site vegetation and permeable paving will also help with sustainability of the project.

Reducing the overall area of paved surfaces will reduce the amount of runoff water. In areas where additional paving is needed, permeable surfaces will be incorporated to allow for water to soak into the ground. The vegetation will also help reduce the heating effects of the site and will allow for cooler areas for relaxation outside.

Sunlight can be utilized for sustainability in numerous ways, one being solar power. The project will explore the possibility of using solar panels on the building or throughout the site.

The benefits and returns of putting solar panels on the building will be evaluated to see if these would be beneficial and add an overall gain to the project or not.

Another way sunlight can used in the project is daylight controlled lighting systems. These lights are able to sense how much daylight is coming into a space and adjust their brightness.

This will help reduce the need for constant high lighting in rooms. This will also help keep a constant lighting level on the interior of the space for the employees. Along with day lighting controlled lighting, motion sensors will be placed throughout the interior spaces. This will allow lights to turn off when no one is in the room, eliminating the need for lighting empty rooms.

84| Seeing the New in the Old

Structure Since the proposed project site is an existing building, the main structure will be the existing construction. The existing structure is built on a stone foundation creating the basement for the two portions of the factory building. The factory portions are built with a red brick, bearing wall structure and a heavy timber wood frame interior. The side gabled roof is supported by heavy timber and iron rod trusses. The three story and two story factory building are separated by a brick masonry bearing wall. The warehouse building is a six story concrete framed structure.

The south façade of the warehouse is texture brick while the other three facades have clay tile.

If any additional structure needs to be added to the building, it will be made of steel. This is so the new structure can be distinguishable from the existing. A steel structure will also fit into the feel of a factory building.

Other Details/Materials The entry ways will be designed in a way to reduce harmful contaminants from entering the interior when users come into the building.

The flooring materials used by the entrances of the building will decrease dirt from being tracked into the building from peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shoes.

Also, looking at the ventilation at the entry way and how exterior air infiltration can be reduced through entry vestibules or other means will be explored.

Nutrition and nourishment can help individuals be healthy and lose weight. Drinking the appropriate amount of water can lead to feeling healthier and can reduce the consumption of high calorie beverages. Fresh drinking water will be provided throughout the building to encourage employees to drink water throughout the day.

A kitchen will be provided with space for food preparation to encourage employees to bring healthy lunches with them. Storage space will be provided for keeping food fresh.

Materials can have an impact on the feel of the space and on occupant comfort. The materials being added to the building will be evaluated for their reflectivity, sound absorption, VOC content, and color. Workstation glare can cause excessive eye strain and cause headaches.

Materials with low reflectivity can decrease glare from natural lighting and artificial lighting and will be incorporated in the project (Well 97-99). The materials should also provide sound absorption. Since office buildings require focused tasks, reducing sound in the spaces will be beneficial in reducing distractions and employee headaches due to loud noises (Well 127-129). VOCs, volatile organic compounds, can cause adverse health effects and can be found in common materials. The VOC content of materials being added to the building will be evaluated to make sure they are not higher than recommended to reduce negative health effects of workers. Lastly, color can contribute to the feel of an interior space. Certain colors can promote increased productivity while other colors can cause eye strain (Well 152).

Programming |85

ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA Noise Noise is an important feature which is both dealt with on the exterior and interior of a project.

The project site is located between two busy streets creating a heavily trafficked area with road noise. Eliminating the extra road noise will be crucial for the users to be able to enjoy the outdoors during the day.

Currently on site there are trees on the north side which begin to eliminate street noise coming from E. North Street. The building itself blocks noise from Furnace Street. To the west of the site are lots with overgrowing vegetation, this begins to block any noise which would be coming from the neighborhood on the other side.

Along with existing site features, this project will look into how other natural barriers can be added to the site to reduce road noise. Along with road noise, noise from the users on site needs to be considered. User noise will come from the parking lot. The parking lot won’t be a constant source of noise but will add to the distraction of people relaxing or working outside. Another source of user noise will come in the form of people using the exterior space for activities.

The distinction between areas for relaxing and quiet will need to be considered when planning exterior areas for activity.

On the interior of the building, noise will come in from the road but this will be reduced due to the masonry construction. This exterior noise should be considered when planning the location of interior workspaces within the building.

Most of the interior noise will be due to the workers and activities happening within the different work areas. Considering the amount of noise different tasks will produce will be crucial in creating an effective office. Since the existing building is comprised of three different sections, this begins to allow for “natural” barriers to happen within some of the workspaces. New spaces will be added after determining the amount of focus each task requires versus how much noise those tasks will make.

86| Seeing the New in the Old

Openness When considering the noise of a space, it is important to then look at the openness of an area. Openness can begin to effect the amount of noise coming and leaving a space. It also has the ability to determine the amount of privacy an area has.

Currently, the exterior of the site has highly open areas once on the property. Before entering the site, it is blocked by trees on the north. The south side views to the site are limited due to some vegetation and the building. On-site privacy is crucial in creating a space which will make users feel safe and comfortable when using the outdoor spaces.

The neighboring lots on the west of the site, which are owned by other organizations, are very closed off due to the overgrown vegetation.

This project will propose acquiring some of this neighboring land to allow for more exterior space for the building.

The amount of open and closed off areas on the interior is key to creating different work areas.

The amount of open area will determine what tasks happen in specific areas and the amount of focus these tasks will take. Creating areas which are less open will encourage individual and private work to take place. These areas will also become more quiet offering areas for focused work.

Lighting On the exterior of the project, lighting will come in the form of sunlight and man-made lights. When considering the effects of sunlight, shadows also have to be taken into account.

Sunlight and shading will help determine where areas of relaxation occur during certain seasons.

A balance between spaces where people can enjoy the sunlight versus areas where they can get out of the heat during the summer will be essential in creating spaces where people will want to spend time.

Man-made lights will help light pathways during days when the sun is not shining as much. This will encourage employees to follow distinct paths through the site and explore the whole area.

Additional lighting will also light areas such as the parking area for safety during the evening.

Lighting can also be applied to the building to showcase some of the unique architectural features on the exterior of the building.

Air The air on the exterior of the building will be examined for wind direction. One benefit of the site are the existing trees around the perimeter.

These trees will help block wind from entering the site in all directions. The wind will be examined for cooling down the site during the summer months.

The comfort on the interior of the building will be largely affected by the air in the spaces.

Fresh and clean air is needed to make the interior environment healthy and non-stagnant.

A new HVAC system will be proposed for the building to provide fresh air. Along with fresh air, the temperature can affect the comfort of the working environment. The new HVAC system will allow for individual heating and cooling of different areas of the office.

The interior of the building will have the same light sources, but will be utilized in different ways. Sunlight on the interior of the building will begin to show where workstations can occur if they need natural lighting. Glare will have to be taken into account when planning these spaces though, seeing as excess glare can cause eye strain. Sunlight will also heat areas on the interior so any spaces where extra heat is not wanted will have to be planned around the windows. The existing windows will be beneficial in bringing in natural light. New windows will not be placed in the historic portions of the structure because this will interrupt the historic integrity of the building.

Man-made lighting will be placed to make up for areas lacking in natural lighting. Specific tasks for each area will be taken into account when determining the accurate lighting levels the space will need. These lights will sense the amount of natural light coming into the space and will adjust their lighting levels accordingly.

This will allow for the natural light to be the first lighting choice of the office and will allow for additional sustainability.

Programming |87

EXPERIENTIAL CRITERIA Day lighting The existing openings will not be modified from their current configuration. Spaces and new construction on the interior will be placed to allow natural light to fill the work areas. Keeping the windows unobstructed will allow for views out of the building to be seen from all work areas. Lighting levels will be adjustable with interior shading devices. This will help reduce glare off the work surfaces and will reduce eye strain and headaches. Lighting levels are able to be adjusted in areas to allow for correct lighting for specific tasks.

The daylight coming into the space will warm the interior. This will begin to create a calming space for employees to work. Natural light will also be beneficial in keeping employees circadian rhythm in balance with daytime.

Collaborative work The office area will allow for varying levels of collaboration. The collaboration work space will be beneficial for the design work in the office.

This area will allow for idea swapping and casual conversations to encourage employees to be involved in other projects. This area will give a space for team groups to meet and discuss overall design decisions for projects. This space will have limited access to phones giving employees a chance to talk face to face while limiting distractions during collaboration time.

This area will provide spaces for large team groups to meet informally and lay out any drawings or sketches for the projects. Areas for standing will be provided to reduce the amount of sitting time employees have during the day.

There will also be areas for employees who want to do individual work away from their desk to have a comfortable, more relaxing work space.

The overall intent of this space is to encourage teams to interact with each other while also providing a space to work and not distract other employees.

88| Seeing the New in the Old

Private Work While design work entails a large amount of interaction and collaboration, some work is individual and requires employees to focus on the given task. The private work area is a space for employees to sit down and be able focus in a quiet area. This area is away from the open office environment which can become noisy with phones and conversations.

This space will require employees to be quiet as to not disturb others. When employees are in this space, it will be understood that they do not want to be disturbed with outside phones calls unless in emergencies. This area will allow employees to leave the distractions of notifications to be able to finish their time sensitive work.

Exercise Areas Physical activity will be promoted in these areas including the gym or workout room. The gym will provide space for group workouts or fitness classes. The intent of this space is to allow employees to encourage one another with their health goals and to offer a space where employers can invite instructors to come in and promote team bonding while being healthy. This space will allow employees to be able to get to know one another outside of normal work hours.

Access to the public will be available for the community to be more active.

Individual workout machines would be offered as well to provide a way for employees to work on specific muscle groups and cardio. Both of these areas should feel welcoming to all people no matter their activity level. The materials in this room should be bold to encourage movement and to take away grogginess.

Break Room This will be an open area to allow for group relaxation and breaks. This area will include ways for employees to take a physical and mental break from work while being able to talk to one another. Providing spaces for employees to take breaks away from work will be beneficial in improving workplace productivity since they wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t be sitting at their desk all day every day.

This space is also where the company can have parties throughout the year and encourage employee bonding.

This space will have furniture which can be easily moved to allow for employees to make the space how they want it. There will be games available for employees to play and spaces for people to sit and eat. The overall intent of this space is to let employees have a non-work related room in the office to let all employee levels be together and have a more personal relationship outside of normal work talk.

Site Design The landscape area will provide paths for employees to walk through and explore different spaces. Spaces being provided would be picnic tables for employees to eat outside, individual benches, and areas providing space for employees to exercise. The site design should allow for shaded areas along with day lit areas to have comfortable spaces for any individual. Paths will be laid out with plants and other vegetation to limit the amount of hard surfaces in this area. Trees and plants will begin to delineate different areas in the site to allow for privacy and relaxation.

Programming |89

BEHAVIORAL CRITERIA Site Behaviors • • • • • •

• • • •

Areas for the public to use will be available.

People will be able to walk on paths throughout the site.

Users will eat and drink on their lunch break.

Employees will be able to work at tables outside.

Employees can conduct walking meetings outdoors if they need a change of pace from the office.

Exercise will be encouraged through the paths and different workout areas. These areas will provide equipment which can with stand weather and provide short, moderate intensity activity which will aid in strength or cardio.

Employees can sit in groups or on their own to enjoy the outdoors.

Direct paths from the office will allow for ease of access.

Different plants will be on the site to offer different colors throughout the whole year.

Plants which grow fruit or vegetables will be included to encourage employees to have healthy snacks while they are outside.

Office Behaviors • • • • • • • •

Employees will have equipment which will promote a mobile working environment.

Different work areas will be provided for employees to have a change of scenery throughout their workdays.

Workstations will allow for adaptability for an ergonomic work area for any employee.

Ergonomic furniture will be selected to lessen the strain on the body from poor posture due to uncomfortable furniture.

Collaboration among employees will be encouraged through different spaces.

Upper management will be encouraged to work with other employees through office layout.

Color and materials in this area will promote a productive environment. Furniture surfaces which will reduce glare will selected to create a more comfortable work environment.

The office will be equipped with areas for recycling to increase sustainability.

90| Seeing the New in the Old

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors • • • • • • •

Exercise will be promoted through the use of stairs and placement of office amenities.

Areas for bikes and other passive means of transportation will be provided.

Bikes will also be provided for employees wanting to take a ride during lunch breaks.

Locker rooms and showers will be provided for employees who choose to work out before or during work.

A kitchen will be provided to encourage employees to bring and prepare meals at the office.

Water will be provided throughout the office to encourage employees to stay hydrated throughout the day.

A nutritionist will be able to come into the office and talk to individuals about their health.

The nutritionist will also be able to provide overall healthy lifestyle tips to assist the employees with their goals.

Gym Behaviors • • • • • •

The public will be able to come in and use the workout facilities at certain times during the day.

Equipment for individual workouts will be provided. This could be with free standing weights or machine weights. Cardio equipment will be provided for workouts.

Areas for group workouts will be provided. This will help employees to set goals together and encourage each other to workout and be healthy.

The gym will have enough room for people to be able to move comfortably throughout and do workouts which require movement.

Day lighting will be in the space to allow for employees to have natural light while working out indoors.

Wall surfaces in this space will be painted with colors which will reflect lighting.

Programming |91

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Reception Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 56 sqft.

A. Area for non-employees to be greeted and directed when coming into the office.

B. 1 C. Near the main entrance/lobby of the building.

D. The entrance of the building and/or parking lot.

E. Work station, computer, phone, chair F. No special requirements.

G. Accommodate the equipment needed.

H. Telephone and data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. No special requirements.

L. Should be welcoming to visitors coming into the office.

8’

7’

Reception 56 sqft.

Room Name: Lobby Number of Rooms Required: Estimated Size: 200 sqft.

A. An area for visitors to sit and wait while the employees they are meeting can come and get them.

B. Up to 4 people.

C. Near the reception desk, close to the main entrance of the building.

15’ D. None.

E. Chairs/couch for visitors, table, magazines.

F. No special requirements.

G. No special requirements.

13’ H. No special requirements.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Finishes and materials should be warm and inviting.

L. Isolate from work area so client information is confidential.

Lobby 200 sqft.

Room Name: Storage Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimate Size: 250 sqft.

A. This space is for additional office supply storage, such as paper, pens, notebooks.

B. No one will work out of this space.

C. Near the printing/server room.

D. None, no windows are necessary in this space either.

E. Storage shelves, cabinets, and drawers.

F. No special requirements.

25’ G. No special requirements.

H. No special requirements.

I. No special requirements.

J. None.

K. Floor should be smooth and scratch resistant 10’ since equipment and supplies will be moving in and out of the space.

L. Doors should be wide enough for ease Storage of moving things in and out of the room.

250 sqft.

92| Seeing the New in the Old

Room Name: Private Break Room Number of Rooms Required: 3 Estimated Size: 80 sqft.

A. This space is for people who need to take private phone calls, new mothers who are breastfeeding and need to pump, or people who need an private space for a mental break during the day.

B. 1 C. Should be away from spaces which will be loud and noisy.

D. None.

E. Armchairs, table and/or desk, lamp.

F. Lighting levels should be adjustable for individual needs in the rooms.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

10’ I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Finishes in the room should be neutral and relaxing. Materials should 8’ be soft and inviting to allow people to relax if needed. Surfaces should be sound absorbing to make the space feel comfortable for people who are using this space for a mental break. Flooring should be carpet.

Private L. Isolate acoustically from work area and other break room.

Break Room 80 sqft.

Room Name: Kitchen Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 200 sqft.

A. This is an area for employees to prepare lunches or coffee, provide some space for people to eat, and have places to store food.

B. Varies.

C. Near the break room.

D. Views to outside.

E. Microwave, refrigerator and freezer, dishwasher, sink, coffee maker, cabinets and counters which are ADA compliant, dishware, toaster.

F. Lighting should be under cabinets and overhead lighting.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Water.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. Sink.

K. The counter surfaces should be made out of a material which can withstand disinfecting cleaning supplies. The flooring surface should be a hard surface which can be cleaned. Light colors are preferred to show any dirty spots. Lighter colors such as white also give the perception of being clean and sterile.

20’ L. Isolate acoustically and visually from workstations.

This space should be somewhat closed off from the rest of the office to avoid smells from entering into the workspace.

10’

Kitchen 200 sqft.

Programming |93

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Model Making Room Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 200 sqft.

A. This is a space for model making to happen. This space will also hold materials for the models.

B. Up to 2.

C. Near collaborative work area.

D. None.

E. Table and chairs, laser cutter, 3D printer, shelves, storage cabinets, counter space for employees to stand and work on models should be provided.

F. There should be overhead lighting to fill the room. Individual moveable task lighting should be provided for more intricate work and to accommodate varying lighting level needs.

G. Accommodate the equipment in the room.

H. Data connection, any additional systems for the laser cutter and 3D printer.

I. Control of temperature and humidity is important for the equipment and material in the room.

J. None.

15’ K. Floor finishes should be smooth and scratch resistant when equipment needs to be moved. Table surfaces should be hard for model making and should be able to be cleaned with sterile cleaning supplies. Colors should be neutral to avoid distractions while working on intricate models.

13’ L. Isolate acoustically from other work areas since equipment will be loud. There should be adequate space to move large pieces of materials around and into the room.

Model Making Room 200 sqft.

Room Name: Printer and Server Room Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 400 sqft.

A. This space will hold the normal sized printer and the large format plotter for architecture drawing sets. This room will also hold the server equipment typical of an office building.

B. Varies, the only person who would stay in the room for extended time would be an IT employee.

C. Should be away from work space to encourage employees to get extra walking in throughout the day to pick up prints.

20’ D. None, no windows are necessary in this space either.

E. Printer, plotter, server equipment, storage for electronic equipment the office owns.

F. No special requirements.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity is crucial since server room is located here.

20’ J. None.

K. Surfaces should absorb sound to reduce noise from printers and server equipment.

L. Should be located in an area which will encourage employees to get extra movement. Space in this room should be large enough to move large Printer and Server Room drawings around.

400 sqft.

94| Seeing the New in the Old

Room Name: Conference Room Number of Rooms Required: 1 large, 2 small Estimated Sizes: 375 sqft., 250 sqft.

A. A space where meetings can be held with clients in the office.

B. 5-10 employees and clients.

C. Near main entrance.

D. None.

E. Large conference table with chairs. TV projector, telephone with speakers for calling in people.

F. Lighting levels should be adjustable per the task and type of meeting they are holding.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection and telephone.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Wall surfaces should have areas for pinning up drawings or images. Surfaces in the room should be professional looking since clients will be coming into these spaces. Carpet should be on the flooring. Walls should be a neutral color to avoid distractions from work and images on wall.

L. These spaces should feel private so clients can feel comfortable talking about whatever they need to with the project teams. This space will be the main area where clients are coming and leaving the office.

20’

25’

15’

15’

Large Conference Room 375 sqft.

Small Conference Room 250 sqft.

Programming |95

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Private Offices Number of Rooms Required: 4 Estimated Size: 160 sqft.

A. These offices are for the upper management to use when needed in the office. These should be large enough to accommodate their needs, but it should be small enough to encourage upper management to work out with all the other employees.

B. 1 C. Near private work area.

D. Views to outside.

E. Desk, chair, cabinets, lamp, computer docking station and monitors.

F. No special requirements.

G. Accommodate equipment H. Data connection, telephone.

I. Temperature control.

J. None.

K. Flooring should be carpet. Surfaces should reduce glare. Walls facing circulation or other working areas should be transparent to allow day lighting to go into other spaces.

L. Isolate acoustically so upper management can have private conversations about projects and company related topics.

13â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

12â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Private Offices 160 sqft.

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Room Name: Quiet Work Area Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 500 sqft.

A. This area is for employees who do not want to work in the collaboration area due to working on tasks which require a lot of focus.

B. Varies.

C. Away from noisy areas in the office.

D. Views to outside are preferred.

E. Individual desks with “cubicle” walls which extend to make workstations private. Some workstations should provide additional monitors. Most working stations will be a typically desk size for a laptop and a book. Chairs which are adjustable for employees.

F. Overhead lighting should adjust to amount of sunlight coming into space. Individual task lighting should be available at workstations for employees to adjust based on their needs.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Materials should absorb noise to lessen distractions. Surfaces should be non-reflective to reduce glare.

L. This space is not meant for employees to stay in through the duration of every work day. The space should not have telephones since it is encouraged for this to be very quiet and no distraction.

Phone calls should be taken elsewhere.

25’

20’

Quiet Work Area 500 sqft.

Programming |97

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Library/ Materials Center Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 500 sqft.

A. Storage for code books, testing books, material samples, and other hard copy resources for specialized work.

B. Varies.

C. Near or in collaboration work space. Should also be near individual office space.

D. Visibility to collaborative workspace is preferred.

E. Bookshelves, storage that includes large drawers for samples, counters should be at a height where employees can stand to look at materials, drawers, chairs, and table should be at ADA height requirements.

F. Lighting should be overhead to evaluate material samples. Individual lamps should be near chairs for people looking at books who may need additional lighting.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection and telephone.

I. Control of temperature and humidity is important to keep the books and material samples in good shape.

J. None.

K. Floor surfaces should be scratch resistant due to the possibility of large samples being moved around. Counter and table surfaces should also be scratch resistant due to sample materials having sharp edges. Wall surfaces should be painted white or neutral for looking at samples against a plain surface.

L. Should be open for ease of moving materials in and out of the space. There should be an area for old samples to stay until they are recycled or given away. Possibility of clients coming into this space so it should be easy to organize and put things on display.

25â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

20â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Library/ Materials Center 500 sqft.

98| Seeing the New in the Old

Room Name: Break Area Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 500 sqft.

A. An area where employees can take a mental break from work and hangout with each other and relax. The feeling of the space should be calming and relaxing and encourage employees to talk and get to know one another.

B. Varies C. Near kitchen and away from individual workstations where employees need to focus.

D. Views to outside.

E. Couches, movable tables, table games for employees to play together, book shelves, chairs, lamps, projector and screen.

F. Lighting levels should be adjustable for what the mood the employees want when they are in the space.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. Water cooler or drinking fountain.

K. Materials in the space should encourage relaxation. There should be cool colors which promote calm minds. There should be carpet and wall surfaces should absorb the sound.

L. Isolate acoustically and visually from adjacent spaces. Room should be adjustable/flexible to activities which will happen in the space.

25â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

20â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Break Area 500 sqft.

Programming |99

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Collaborative Workspace Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 375 sqft.

A. This space is for project teams to meet and work together. Also areas for impromptu discussions to happen. This space is also for people who want to work away from their desk but don’t need to be completely silent.

B. Up to 6 people C. Should be near printer/ plotter room.

D. None.

E. Table at a standing height to allow for ease of looking at drawings. A table at ADA height. Tables should also be a size for large plots to fit on. Chairs to fit the tables. TV or projector to look at projects.

F. Lighting levels should be adjustable per the discussions happening in the space.

G. Accommodate equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Finishes should absorb sound so multiple teams can work in this space at a time. Wall surfaces should have space to pin up images.

L. The space should be able to accommodate two project teams to have impromptu discussions.

This space should be flexible and be able to be divided if two teams want to use the space at a time.

25’

15’

Collaborative Workspace 375 sqft.

100|Seeing the New in the Old

Room Name: Work Space Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 2,750 sqft.

A. This is more of an “open office” scheme for employees. Employees will have an individual work space which is theirs to go to everyday.

B. 40 C. Away from private work area.

D. Views to outside preferred.

E. Desks and chairs which are adaptable to the employees. Storage and cabinet space under the desk. Individual trash cans and recycling receptacles. Computer monitor and laptop docking stations. Telephones.

F. Light fixtures should adjust to day lighting that comes into the space.

G. Accommodate equipment.

H. Telephone and data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity.

J. None.

K. Surfaces should be sound absorbing to lessen noise from employees. Surfaces should also be non-reflective to lessen glare coming from windows. Walls should be painted to encourage productivity and should not cause eye strain.

L. This is the main space where all the employees will be working.

70’

39’

Work Space 200 sqft.

Programming|101

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Group Workout Area Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 3,500 sqft.

A. This space will hold workout equipment and machines for employees to use and possibly the public.

B. Varies.

C. Near gym and locker room and away from office space.

D. None.

E. Weight machines, cardio equipment, drinking fountain, track.

F. No special requirements.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Temperature and humidity control.

J. Drinking fountain.

K. Floor finish should absorb sound but also be able to withstand sterile cleaning products. Equipment may be moved in and out of this space. Wall surfaces should be bright and encourage movement.

L. No special requirements.

70â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

50â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Workout Area 3,500 sqft.

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Room Name: Gym Number of Rooms Required: 1 Estimated Size: 1,600 sqft.

A. An open area for group fitness classes to be held for employees and possibly the public.

B. Varies C. Away from the office area.

D. None.

E. Yoga mats, cubbies for storage, water fountain, speakers and audio plug.

F. Adequate overhead lighting for a large space here people will be working out.

G. Accommodate the equipment.

H. Data connection.

I. Control of temperature and humidity to allow for a cool environment for people to workout.

J. None.

K. Floor finish should absorb sound but also be able to withstand sterile cleaning products. Equipment may be moved in and out of this space. Wall surfaces should be bright and encourage movement.

L. This space could be open to the public during certain hours of the day. The intent of this space is to encourage group workout with co-workers.

40â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

40â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Gym 1,600 sqft.

Programming |103

SPACE LISTS AND STANDARDS Room Name: Locker Room Number of Rooms Required: 2 (1 male, 1 female) Estimated Size: 350 sqft.

A. A space for employees to change to workout while at work. There should also be a few showers for employees to clean up before going back to work or leaving.

B. Varies.

C. Near gym and workout area.

D. None.

E. Toilets, sinks, showers, lockers, counter space at ADA height.

F. No special requirements.

G. Accommodate equipment and plugs for employees to utilize when they get ready.

H. No special requirements.

I. No special requirements.

J. Sinks, toilets, showers.

K. Floor finish should be ADA compliant for bathroom surfaces. Surfaces should be safe to clean with chemicals. White should be used to show clean surfaces and because it is perceived to be used in clean environments.

L. No special requirements.

27â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

13â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Locker Room 350 sqft.

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SPACE ADJACENCIES

RECEPTION LOBBY / ENTRANCE BREAK AREA PRIVATE BREAK ROOMS KITCHEN

X X

X X

MODEL MAKING ROOM

X

LIBRARY / MATERIALS CENTER

X X X X X X

X

PRINTER / SERVER ROOM STORAGE PRIVATE OFFICE QUIET AREA COLLABORATION SPACE WORK AREA CONFERENCE ROOMS GYM

X

X

X X

X

X

X X

X X X X X

LOCKER ROOMS WORK OUT AREA MECHANICAL BATHROOM BIKE STORAGE OUTDOOR WALKING PICNIC STAIRS

Desirable Adjacency

X

Negative Adjacency

Programming |105

BUBBLE DIAGRAMS Visual Connection

Secondary Connection

Physical Connection

Bike Storage

Small Conference Room

Model Making

Co-lab Space

Private Offices Work Area

Restroom Lobby Reception

Large Mech.

Storage Conference Room Kitchen

Workout Area

Library/ Materials

Rest Room

Quiet Work Area

Private Break Rooms

Printer/ Server

Break Room

Gym

Locker

Private Break Rooms Large Conference Room

Small Conference Room Printer/ Server

Storage

Library/ Materials Quiet Area

Reception

Lobby

Kitchen Workout Area Break Area

Mech

Gym

106| Seeing the New in the Old

Private Offices

Rest Room

Locker

Model Making

Co-Lab Space

Work Area

Small Conference Room

Model Room

Co-Lab Space

Work Area

Library/ Materials

Private Break Rooms

Quiet Work Area

Gym

Storage Printer/ Server

Private Offices Reception

Large Conference Room

Locker

Mech.

Workout Area

Rest Room Kitchen

Lobby

Break Room

Small Conference Room

Small Conference Room

Locker Room

Reception

Small Conference Room

Co-Lab Space

Large Conference Room Lobby

Library/ Materials

Model Room

Work Area Gym

Kitchen

Workout Area

Storage Private Offices

Rest Room Break Room

Rest Room

Quiet Work Area Mech.

Printer/ Server

Private Break Rooms

Programming |107

GOALS: SITE

Issue: The site is set within two semi-busy streets, North Street and Furnace Street, traffic noise is prevalent on the site throughout the day.

User: Workers of the building and neighborhoods adjacent to the site.

Objective: Be able to block some noise from the site so users can experience a relaxing place while in a city environment.

Concept: Use landscaping and plants as a way to block noise from the site.

Concept: Develop a wall system which will allow for nature to grow on it while blocking the site from the street.

Concept: Put areas of outdoor exercise on the perimeter of the site and put areas of retreat and relaxation on the interior of the site.

Concept: Determine what plants and vegetation are associated with relaxation.

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Issue: Akron climate has decently hot weather in the summer and very cold weather in the winter this will deter users from using the exterior spaces during those times.

Issue: The site has a lot of sloping areas.

Users: Workers of the building and neighborhoods adjacent to the site.

Objective: Incorporating the slope of the site to offer a unique outdoor experience for the different areas of retreat and physical activity.

Objective: Design the site so it can used closer to all year around and not during specific months.

Concept: Plant trees and other vegetation which will provide shade.

Users: Workers of the building neighborhoods adjacent to the site.

and

the

Concept: Make exercise paths go along the sloped areas to have a more rigorous workout.

Concept: Use the slope as a way to delineate different exterior spaces for users.

Concept: Create workout areas with pavilions that are covered to allow for shade.

Concept: Figure out a way to block wind in the winter through site features.

Concept: Determine what type of exterior space is needed during colder months.

Programming |109

GOALS: SITE

Issue: On-site Sustainability is lacking on a site scale and an interior scale.

Users: N/A Objective: Integrate means of sustainability to the building to reduce carbon footprint.

Concept: Adding solar panels to the roof of the building or on site somewhere.

Issue: The site is somewhat distant from the downtown and there is no path to get to either the smaller development of businesses or the actual downtown.

Users: Architects Objective: Design paths or a way to connect the building to off-site destinations.

Concept: Consider how water collection can be incorporated to the site.

Concept: Bikes which the employees can borrow when they want to go to lunch and instead of driving they could bike.

Concept: Integrate sustainable appliances and lighting on the interior.

Concept: See if there is any walking or bike paths the building could connect to.

Concept: Provide spaces which encourage employees to use other means of transportation to work other than driving. Such as bike racks and bus stops near the building.

Concept: Determine what bus stops are nearby and if they have routes to downtown.

Concept: Determine how much natural light comes into the spaces and how this can be utilized to minimize active lighting.

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Concept: Provide healthy eating options on site so employees can stay on site for lunch.

GOALS: REHABILITATION

Issue: Designing new spaces and adding new materials in the existing building while still keeping the character of the historic.

Issue: Are there any benefits from adaptively reusing a building for employee health instead of just building a new specific office.

Users: Architects

Users: Architects

Objective: Integrate new materials and spaces in with the existing building while maintaining overall historic and unique features of the building.

Objective: Determine if there are any factors from an existing, historic building which new construction typically does not have.

Concept: Determine what spaces should stay how they currently are in the building and what spaces can be broken up.

Concept: Decide on what new materials will complement the existing brick and wood structure.

Concept: Do higher ceilings contribute to employee well-being.

Concept: Does exposed brick make its thermal mass add to a more comfortable workplace.

Concept: Would employees be excited to go to work if their office was unique due to its age and construction.

Concept: Determine what aspects of the building make it unique and how these should be showcased.

Concept: Determine what materials and colors will promote worker well-being and create a calming workplace.

Programming |111

GOALS: INTERIOR SPACES

Issue: The building currently does not have any way to encourage additional physical activity throughout the day.

Users: Architects and neighborhoods adjacent to site.

Objective: Create ways that employees can be active through design interventions and programming adjacencies.

Concept: Place typical amenity spaces further away from work areas to extra walking during the day.

Concept: Create a central stair to encourage stair usage instead of the elevator.

Concept: Design areas with multiple half levels to encourage more stair usage during the day.

Concept: Provide bike racks to encourage employees to bike to work.

Concept: Provide showers in the building for employees to use if they work out during the day.

Concept: Provide an on-site gym for employees and for neighborhoods to use.

Concept: Determine how to make gym accessible to outside users, while also closing off the rest of the building to non-employees.

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Issue: The building is 65,000 sqft. in total. Can the building begin to offer amenities to nearby residents to improve their health and wellbeing?

Users: Nearby residents Objective: Determine if total square footage is needed for the architectural office, if not, design some amenities which residents can come in and use to promote their well-being.

Concept: Make the workout area a place where residents can come in. Determine how to make that area public while having the office be private.

Concept: Design the site to allow for nonemployees to use during the day.

Concept: Can some other spaces be used by the public if they need certain spaces.

Issue: Workers can get tired of working in the same area every day.

Issue: Can the workstation be used to promote employee well-being

Users: Architects

Users: Architects

Objective: Determine how to design workspaces which will allow for individuals to change their scenery when needed.

Objective: Look into workstation design and see how they can be adapted to individual employees and promote well-being.

Concept: Have areas for more individual focused tasks.

Concept: Look into ergonomic workstation design for adaptability to any body type.

Concept: Provide work areas collaborative/community tasks.

more

Concept: Look at benefits of sit/stand desks and how this can improve worker well-being.

Concept: Design a large area where itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intended people will be working but can also have conversations if needed for breaks.

Concept: Look into active workstation design and see if those would be beneficial in some areas of the office.

for

Programming |113

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PROCESS DESIGN The main thoughts moving from the Fall semester into the Spring semester was creating two program areas. The first area is the architecture firm. This program would be housed inside the historic masonry building. The second area is the public program, including the gym, which will be in the concrete warehouse building and throughout the site. Separating these two programs allows the architecture firm to have security from the public along with allowing the public programming to be open during times when the architecture firm is not open.

The first part of the semester was schematic design. Since I was utilizing an existing building, I was able to begin testing where spaces should be laid out in relation to each other without having to use time to think of the building form. This was beneficial in allowing me to have the ma jority of the semester to look at how to increase physical activity between program elements. While working in plan, I started to look at the project through section to place vertical connections between the floors.

After having the spaces laid out on the interior of the building, I began designing the site. While working on the site plan, I knew I wanted to include areas for people to be able to do workouts, along with areas for people to relax outside and get away from work. I also needed to consider where people would be entering the site if they were riding bikes or taking the bus. I was exploring how I could rearrange the parking to allow for more green space on the site.

During the semester, we had multiple interim reviews to help us progress our designs forward.

Design work from these reviews are included in this section to show how the project evolved over time and the methods used to move the project forward.

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REVIEW 1 North

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor 116| Seeing the New in the Old

Fourth Floor

Fifth Floor

Sixth Floor Process Design Work |117

REVIEW 1

Diagrammatic Section

Model of with two floors in the building

Model of with four floors in the building 118| Seeing the New in the Old

Model of with all six floors in the building The presentation from the first review included updated site analysis and our first pass at schematic design. These floor plans were one of two sets of schematic design plans I presented. The plans for the office had the break area with direct access to the outdoors to encourage employees to go outside during their breaks. There was also half of the public program on this floor for clients to be able to come in quickly if needed. The concrete building had covered accessible parking for employees and the public along with bike storage and other service areas. The second floor had the rest of the public program to bring clients into the space more and encourage movement for people coming in for meetings. There was also a portion of the workspace on this floor. The track in the gym was on the second floor to encourage employees to get up and take walking breaks throughout the day. The third floor housed the rest of the workspace along with the co-lab area and space for individual offices for the upper level principals. The third floor in the gym had cardio equipment to encourage employees to take short breaks if needed to ride a bike or walk on a treadmill. The fourth floor, since it is separate from the rest of the building, had the quiet work area, for employees who had tasks that they wanted to fully focus on without distractions along with the private break rooms for employees who wanted a mental break

from work or had to talk private phone calls.

In the gym there was a rock wall which went up multiple stories, along with a classroom for group workouts for employees who want to have group sessions. The fifth floor in the gym had an area which would have swings and slides for families to help instill healthy physical activity habits for their kids even when the weather is poor. There was also a raquet ball area offered on this floor. An outdoor terrace was available on the fifth and sixth floor for people to relax outside and overlook the property.

The section drawing was used as a diagram to begin to see vertical relationships between these program elements. The model was a tool to explore spatial relationships between floors. This was helpful in understanding where openings should happen in the floor plates to create vertical connections between the spaces.

Comments from the review were to show where the beams occur in the model to understand the limitations in the floor plans for cutting openings.

The number of openings and fire stairs needed to be re-evaluated since I am treating this building as two separate buildings and programs. Trying to integrate more mental health aspects into the project since employee well-being is both about physical health and mental health.

Process Design Work |119

REVIEW 2 North

First Floor

Second Floor

Third Floor 120| Seeing the New in the Old

Fourth Floor

Fifth Floor

Sixth Floor Process Design Work |121

REVIEW 2

Longitudinal Section

Transverse Section One

Transverse Section Two

View of Lobby Area in architecture firm

View of main working space

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View of building from southwest corner of site

View of entrance in gym building

View of track floor

The second review was looking at the revised designs from the first review along with beginning to look at the spatial qualities in our buildings. I rearranged the spaces on the interior taking into account some comments from the first review along with thoughts from meeting with my advisor. The main relationships I wanted to keep between some of the programming elements remained the same, such as, the break area having direct access to the outdoor space, the track having access to the office for employees, and having the covered accessible parking. The section drawings evolved from a diagrammatic form to having rooms and floor cuts.

historic construction techniques this building has to offer. These views were just a first pass at looking at the space in a 3 dimensional manner and understanding how the space would feel if one were to be in the project.

The views were taken in areas which were very important to the programming of the project, along with areas which showcase some of the

One comment from this review was to begin looking at how some of these new rooms would be constructed in the existing building fabric in the form of creating details. Another comment mentioned was how can the work spaces begin to be delineated in plan with the idea of some spaces being for group collaboration and some spaces being for individual work. Lastly, trying to figure out a way to showcase some of the movement which would be happening in plan in section was mentioned to help emphasize that these plans would encourage increased movement throughout the spaces.

Process Design Work |123

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FINAL DESIGN This adaptive reuse design inhabits an old soap factory building with an active workplace and exercise facility. The workplace design is for an architecture firm. The gym is intended to serve the local community along with employees in the architecture firm. The landscape is intended to encourage movement throughout the site by providing a walking path around the perimeter of the property. Stations for workouts are situated along this path, along with areas for relaxation and retreat.

Different programmatic elements are included in the floor plans and are delineated with different colors on the floor plans.

The blue in the gym indicates areas of the floor which could act as a lobby into the building. The blue in the architecture office is for the lobby/ reception area and any areas where clients would typically be brought in for meetings, such as conference rooms or the resource library.

The shades of red indicate areas for employees to work on their daily tasks. The darker red area shows the quiet working area. This space in intended for individuals who need absolute silence to focus on their work. This area is meant to be without phones or notifications to allow complete focus. The medium red indicates individual work stations. These areas are where each employee has their own desk and for the offices the upper management can use. The light red are for areas where collaboration is encouraged. These areas are meant for group meetings, whether scheduled or impromptu, or to provide a different space for employees to work during the day.

a small portion in the office. The lightest yellow indicates circulation areas, the main staircase in each portion of the building, some typical circulation paths which would happen on each floor, and the path on the site plan. The second lightest yellow indicates areas of the gym which have quick access to the office, such as the track, if an employee wants to take a few laps during the day or do a few minutes on a cardio machine. The medium yellow indicates other areas of the gym which provide workouts that could be completed in around 30 minutes. The dark yellow areas of the gym are for workouts which people might typically spend longer than 30 minutes to complete, or provide a very rigorous type of activity.

The green on the plans indicate areas where employees can take their breaks. There are spaces on the site which provide seating for employees to be outdoors during the day. An area for group breaks is provided on the interior along with areas for employees who want a quieter break or for employees who need to take personal calls during the day.

The gray areas indicate the service portions of the building. This includes areas such as the fire stairs, mechanical space, or storage in either the gym or the office.

The varying shades of yellow are for the different areas where physical activity is encouraged.

This shows up mostly in the gym portion of the building, but is also throughout the site plan and |125

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STRUCTURE AXON Structure Axon

Sixth Floor Sixth Floor

Fifth Floor Fifth Floor

Fourth FloorFloor Fourth

Third Floor Third Floor

Second FloorFloor Second

First Floor First Floor

Final Design |127

0’ 20’ 40’

D

D

60’

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Scale:

DN

North

SITE PLAN

UP

UP

3

2

UP

UP

1

FURNACE STREET

TH

OR

E. N

STR EET

Final Design|128

0’ 10’ 20’

40’

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Scale:

SITE SECTION

Final Design|129

C

0’ 5’ 10’

A

A

20’

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Scale: North

FIRST FLOOR

3

2

B

C

Final Design|130

Focus Work Space

Long Workout

6

Individual Work Space

Moderate Workout

Entrance/Public

B

Collaborative Work Space

Quick Workout

Service Break

C

0’ 5’ 10’

UP

20’

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Scale:

A

A

North

SECOND FLOOR

UP

DN

DN

DN

DN

DN

UP

DN

UP

UP

B

B

UP

UP

C

Final Design |131

8

UP

0’ 5’ 10’

A

A

20’

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C

Scale: North

THIRD FLOOR

UP

4 UP

B

UP

Final Design|132

C

Focus Work Space

Long Workout

UP

Individual Work Space

Moderate Workout

Entrance/Public

B

Collaborative Work Space

Quick Workout

Service Break

DN

0’ 5’ 10’

A

7

A

20’

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C

Scale: North

DN

FOURTH FLOOR

UP

UP

B

B

UP

Final Design |133

C

0’ 5’ 10’

A

A

20’

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C

Scale: North

FIFTH FLOOR

UP

UP

B

Final Design|134

C

Focus Work Space

Long Workout

UP

Individual Work Space

Moderate Workout

Entrance/Public

B

Collaborative Work Space

Quick Workout

Service Break

0’ 5’ 10’

A

A

20’

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C

Scale: North

SIXTH FLOOR

UP

B

B

DN

DN

Final Design |135

C

0’ 5’ 10’

20’

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Scale:

SECTION A Individual Work Space Focus Work Space

Moderate Workout Long Workout

Entrance/Public

Final Design|136

Collaborative Work Space

Quick Workout

Service Break

0’ 5’ 10’

20’

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Scale:

SECTION B

Final Design |137

0’ 5’ 10’

20’

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Scale:

SECTION C Individual Work Space Focus Work Space

Moderate Workout Long Workout

Entrance/Public

Final Design|138

Collaborative Work Space

Quick Workout

Service Break

A DAY IN THE OFFICE

8:00am Starting the day walking on the outdoor track

9:00am Entering the concrete gym building

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10:00am Meeting a client in the materials library

11:00am Working at your individual workstation

Final Design |141

A DAY IN THE OFFICE

12:00pm Going to eat lunch outside

1:00pm Returning to the office after lunch

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3:00pm Going to work in the quiet work area

5:00pm Working out on the track before going home

Final Design |143

DETAILS Detail at Room Header

Existing Column Wood Flooring New Wood Block Nailed to Joists Existing Wood Joist New Wood Strip New Ceiling Deck Existing Beam Beyond New Wood Header Glazing Wall Frame New Glass Wall

New Wood Flooring

Detail at New Fire Stair Existing Masonry Wall

Fire Rated Wall Metal Studs Glazing Wall Frame

Glass Panels

Sill

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Final Design |145

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FINAL THOUGHTS This project demonstrated the successful rehabilitation of an historic building into a workplace which would promote physical activity and employee well-being. Further exploration of rehabilitated buildings to active workplaces could benefit employees by instilling healthy lifestyle choices, along with making them more aware of living a non-sedentary life. Due to the growing number of abandoned industrial buildings, especially in areas similar to Akron, Ohio, who is located within the Rust Belt, the lessons learned from this example can expand to help other communities rehabilitate their existing buildings. These rehabilitation projects would boost local economies, hire local workers, and provide a means for communities to showcase their industrial heritage.

This thesis project helps showcase how existing buildings can be reused to serve another purpose. Many people see buildings as only serving one use and once this use has left the building sits empty until it deteriorates. This project shows that buildings if cared for and kept in a good condition can last for well over a hundred years and can be used through multiple occupants.

use of other sustainable design methods. These could include solar energy, water conservation, passive heating and cooling methods, and much more. The starting point for reusing an existing building already reduces a project’s carbon footprint and this can only be added onto.

My hopes for this project was to show that historic preservation should not be viewed as only keeping a building the way it is, but can involve modifying the structure to fit a new use, as long as the main historic aspects stay intact. I also hope this projects shows that as a architects we have the ability to influence people’s lives on a significant level and our buildings should always be looked at how it will better enhance someone’s life whether it be through their mental or physical health.

Winston Churchill once said, “We shape our buildings; thereafter they shape us.” This should always be considered with every project, how will this building shape someone’s life.

This project is a starting point for how designers and the construction industry can impact the environment through simply rehabilitating existing buildings. The ideas of sustainability can be expanded upon in future projects through the |147

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THANK YOU Olivia Zepp

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Fig. 2.1. Jenna Watson, “Stairs in Lobby”; Indy Star, 18 Aug. 2017, https://www.indystar.com/story/ news/2017/08/18/nod-millennials-roches-300-m-campus-transformation-boasts-no-cubiclesprivate-offices/487728001/; photograph.

Fig. 2.2. Jenna Watson, “Cafeteria”; Indy Star, 18 Aug. 2017, https://www.indystar.com/story/ news/2017/08/18/nod-millennials-roches-300-m-campus-transformation-boasts-no-cubiclesprivate-offices/487728001/; photograph.

Fig. 2.3. Jenna Watson, “Treadmill Desks”; Indy Star, 18 Aug. 2017, https://www.indystar.com/story/ news/2017/08/18/nod-millennials-roches-300-m-campus-transformation-boasts-no-cubiclesprivate-offices/487728001/; photograph.

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Fig. 2.4. Jenna Watson, “Stair in Collaboration Space”; Indy Star, 18 Aug. 2017, https://www.indystar. com/story/news/2017/08/18/nod-millennials-roches-300-m-campus-transformation-boasts-nocubicles-private-offices/487728001/; photograph.

Fig. 2.5. Julie Bort, “Outdoor Seating Area”; Financial Post, 7 Oct. 2013, https://business.financialpost. com/business-insider/an-inside-look-at-googles-luxurious-googleplex-campus-in-california; photograph.

Fig. 2.6. Big Architects, “Rendering of New Space”; Big Architects, 2018, https://big.dk/#projects-gce; photograph.

Fig. 2.7. Big Architects, “Rendering of New Space”; Big Architects, 2018, https://big.dk/#projects-gce; photograph.

Fig. 2.8. Julie Bort, “Interior Workspace”; Financial Post, 7 Oct. 2013, https://business.financialpost. com/business-insider/an-inside-look-at-googles-luxurious-googleplex-campus-in-california; photograph.

Fig. 2.9. Julie Bort, “On-Site Gym”; Financial Post, 7 Oct. 2013, https://business.financialpost. com/business-insider/an-inside-look-at-googles-luxurious-googleplex-campus-in-california; photograph.

Fig. 2.10. Julie Bort, “Building Lobby”; Financial Post, 7 Oct. 2013, https://business.financialpost. com/business-insider/an-inside-look-at-googles-luxurious-googleplex-campus-in-california; photograph.

Fig. 2.11. Earl Carter, “Interior Atrium Stair”; Hassell Architects, 2014, https://www.hassellstudio.com/ project/medibank-place; photograph.

Fig. 2.12. Earl Carter, “Individual Workstations”; Hassell Architects, 2014, https://www.hassellstudio. com/project/medibank-place; photograph.

Fig. 2.13. Earl Carter, “Interaction Space”; Hassell Architects, 2014, https://www.hassellstudio.com/ project/medibank-place; photograph.

Fig. 2.14. Earl Carter, “Building Site”; Hassell Architects, 2014, https://www.hassellstudio.com/project/ medibank-place; photograph.

Fig. 2.15. Davi Sundberg, “Main Interior Space”; Archdaily, 10 Aug. 2019, https://www.archdaily. com/922614/new-lab-marvel-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 2.16. Davi Sundberg, “Collaboration Space”; Archdaily, 10 Aug. 2019, https://www.archdaily. com/922614/new-lab-marvel-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 2.17. Davi Sundberg, “Building Entrance”; Archdaily, 10 Aug. 2019, https://www.archdaily. com/922614/new-lab-marvel-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

154| Seeing the New in the Old

Fig. 2.18. Davi Sundberg, “Interior Space”; Archdaily, 10 Aug. 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/922614/ new-lab-marvel-architects?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.1. Esha Daftari, “Open Gallery Space”; Refurbishment in Architecture, 10 Sept. 2019, https:// www.archdaily.com/923851/alembic-industrial-heritage-and-re-development-karan-grover-andassociates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.2. Esha Daftari, “Hallway Space”; Refurbishment in Architecture, 10 Sept. 2019, https:// www.archdaily.com/923851/alembic-industrial-heritage-and-re-development-karan-grover-andassociates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.3. Esha Daftari, “In-between Galleries”; Refurbishment in Architecture, 10 Sept. 2019, https:// www.archdaily.com/923851/alembic-industrial-heritage-and-re-development-karan-grover-andassociates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.4. Esha Daftari, “Studio Space”; Refurbishment in Architecture, 10 Sept. 2019, https://www. archdail y.com/923851/alembic-industrial-heritage-and-re-development-karan-grover-andassociates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.5. Esha Daftari, “New Hallway”; Refurbishment in Architecture, 10 Sept. 2019, https://www. archdail y.com/923851/alembic-industrial-heritage-and-re-development-karan-grover-andassociates?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.6. Tensar Knauf, “Dance Studio”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti Ex-Mill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-ex-mill-subsecretariade-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.7. Tensar Knauf, “Individual Office Spaces”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti ExMill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-exmill-subsecretaria-de-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.8. Tensar Knauf, “Floor Plates and Beams”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti ExMill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-exmill-subsecretaria-de-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.9. Tensar Knauf, “Floor Plan Diagram”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti Ex-Mill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-ex-mill-subsecretariade-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.10. Tensar Knauf, “Circulation Space”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti Ex-Mill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-ex-mill-subsecretariade-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ projects; photograph.

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Fig. 3.11. Tensar Knauf, “Exposed Structure”; Refunctionalization of the Marconetti Ex-Mill, 10 July 2019, https://www.archdaily.com/921378/refunctionalization-of-the-marconetti-ex-mill-subsecretariade-obras-de-arquitectura-gobierno-de-santa-fe?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_ projects; photograph.

Fig. 3.12. Cliff Garten Studio, “Courtyard Perspective”; Ribbons, 18 Dec. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/458656/ribbons-cliff-garten-studio; photograph.

Fig. 3.13. Cliff Garten Studio, “Bench Close-Up”; Ribbons, 18 Dec. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/458656/ribbons-cliff-garten-studio; photograph.

Fig. 3.14. Cliff Garten Studio, “Path View”; Ribbons, 18 Dec. 2013, https://www.archdaily.com/458656/ ribbons-cliff-garten-studio; photograph.

Fig. 3.15. Cliff Garten Studio, “Aerial of Courtyard”; Ribbons, 18 Dec. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/458656/ribbons-cliff-garten-studio; photograph.

Fig. 3.16. Magda Biernat, “Group Workout Area”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.17. Magda Biernat, “Locker Room”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.18. Magda Biernat, “Sunken Relaxation Space”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www. archdaily.com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.19. Magda Biernat, “Game Room”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.20. Magda Biernat, “Individual Workout Space”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www. archdaily.com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.21. Magda Biernat, “Raised Conference Area”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www. archdaily.com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.22. Magda Biernat, “Rooftop Terrace”; Horizon Media, 6 Aug. 2013, https://www.archdaily. com/410847/horizon-media-a-i-architecture; photograph.

Fig. 3.23. Jan Raeber, “Bridges”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https://www.archdaily. com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

Fig. 3.24. Jan Raeber, “Rendering of Grove”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https://www. archdail y.com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

Fig. 3.25. Jan Raeber, “Illustrated Plan”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https://www.archdaily. com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

156| Seeing the New in the Old

Fig. 3.26. Jan Raeber, “Perspective of Garden”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https:// www.archdaily.com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

Fig. 3.27. Jan Raeber, “Bench”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https://www.archdaily. com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

Fig. 3.28. Jan Raeber, “Rendering of Garden”; Novartis Physic Garden, 24 Mar. 2016, https://www. archdail y.com/784051/novartis-physic-garden-thorbjorn-andersson-plus-sweco-architects; photograph.

Fig. 4.1. N.A., “B.F. Goodrich Factory”; Summit County Memory Project, 1934, https://www. summitmemory.org/digital/search; photograph.

Fig. 4.2. N.A., “Lock 2”; Summit County Memory Project, N.D., https://www.summitmemory.org/digital/ search; photograph.

Fig. 4.3. N.A., “Railway Bridge Over Ohio Canal”; Summit County Memory Project, 1913, https://www. summitmemory.org/digital/search; photograph.

Fig. 4.4. N.A., “Firestone Rubber Company”; Summit County Memory Project, 1949, https://www. summitmemory.org/digital/search; photograph.

Fig. 4.5. N.A., “Akron Ohio”; Summit County Memory Project, 1878, https://www.summitmemory.org/ digital/search; photograph.

Fig. 4.6. N.A., “Polymer Center”; Summit County Memory Project, 2002, https://www.summitmemory. org/digital/search; photograph.

Fig. 4.7. “Sanborn Insurance Maps.” Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps - Over 40,000 Detailed Maps of Ohio Cities Drawn between 1882 and 1962, Ohio Public Library, sanborn.ohioweblibrary.org/?t=infohio.

Fig. 4.8. “Sanborn Insurance Maps.” Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps - Over 40,000 Detailed Maps of Ohio Cities Drawn between 1882 and 1962, Ohio Public Library, sanborn.ohioweblibrary.org/?t=infohio.

Fig. 4.9. “Sanborn Insurance Maps.” Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps - Over 40,000 Detailed Maps of Ohio Cities Drawn between 1882 and 1962, Ohio Public Library, sanborn.ohioweblibrary.org/?t=infohio.

Fig. 4.10. N.A., “Pioneer Cereal”; Summit County Memory Project, N.D., https://www.summitmemory. org/digital/search; photograph.

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