PARM, branding guidelines

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Branding guidelines June 2018

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Logo and Payoff

minimal height: 8 mm / 23 px

Color with Payoff

x

x

x

x: minimum Payoff distances from the logo Heuristica Regular, Black

Heuristica Regular, Gray 70%

x

Black&White y: minimum distances from other objects

other logo

y

y

other logo

Negative

Branding guidelines | June 2018

2

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Colours and texture

Identity Colour Palette

Tag Colour Palette Setting Up

Green CMYK 57; 0; 100; 0; RGB 128; 186; 39; Hexadecimal 80ba27

Beige CMYK 8; 13; 22; 0; RGB 233; 222; 204; Hexadecimal e9d3cc

Gray 10 CMYK 0; 0; 0; 10; RGB 236; 236; 236; Hexadecimal ececec

Gray 20 CMYK 0; 0; 0; 20; RGB 217; 217; 217; Hexadecimal d9d9d9

Gray CMYK 48; 38; 36; 2; RGB 148; 148; 150; Hexadecimal 949496

Risk assessment

Orange CMYK 3; 58; 100; 0; RGB 211;127; 30; Hexadecimal d37f1e

Tools assessment

Green CMYK 57; 0; 100; 0; RGB 146; 185; 59; Hexadecimal 92b93b

Implementation

Blu CMYK 98; 92; 4; 0; RGB 50; 50; 123; Hexadecimal 32327b

Capacity Development

Gray 70 CMYK 0; 0; 0; 70; RGB 111; 111; 111; Hexadecimal 6f6f6f

Cyan CMYK 100; 0; 0; 0; RGB 0; 157; 224; Hexadecimal 009de0

Gray 90 CMYK 0; 0; 0; 90; RGB 62; 62; 62; Hexadecimal 3e3e3e

Texture

File geo_lines_4.ai Opacity 20% Backgroung Colour trasparent

File geo_lines_4.ai Opacity 80% Backgroung Colour Gray / Orange / Green / Blu / Cyan

File geo_lines_4.ai Opacity 10% Backgroung Colour Beige

File geo_lines_4.ai Opacity 10% Backgroung Colour Gray 10

File geo_lines_4.ai Opacity 30% Backgroung Colour Gray / Orange / Green / Blu / Cyan

Branding guidelines | June 2018

3

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Typography | Indesign templates

Primary Typefaces

Secondary Typefaces

Heuristica

Gotham

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

Heuristica Bold

Gotham Bold

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

Heuristica Regular

Gotham Book

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

Heuristica Italic

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Heuristica Bold italic

Gotham Book italic

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Gotham Bold italic

Arial Narrow (for tables)

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Bold

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Regular

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Italic

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Bold italic

Branding guidelines | June 2018

4

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Typography | Word templates

Primary Typefaces

Secondary Typefaces

Cambria

Arial

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

Cambria Bold

Arial Bold

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

Cambria Italic

Arial Book italic

Cambria Regular

Arial Book

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Cambria Bold italic

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Bold italic

Arial Narrow (for tables)

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Bold

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Regular

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Italic

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz 0123456789 Arial Narrow Bold italic

Branding guidelines | June 2018

5

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Typography | Headings

H1 Heuristica Regular, 26/27pt H1-small Heuristica Regular, 16/18pt

H2 Gotham Bold, 15/16pt

H3 Gotham Bold, 12/13pt – Orange /Green / Blu / Cyan

H4 Gotham Bold, 11/12pt

H5 Gotham Bold, 10/11pt

H6 Gotham Book italic, 10/11pt – Gray 70%

Branding guidelines | June 2018

6

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Typography | Paragraph, list and table

P Paragraph – Gotham Regular 8/10pt

Spacing bottom: 2mm Gray 20

Table text – Arial Narrow Regular/Bold 7/8pt

Gray 10 Spacing bottom: 2mm Source Gotham Regular 6/7pt, Gray 90%

Spacing bottom: 2mm List paragraph indent: 6mm

Spacing bottom: 2mm

Notes Gotham Regular 6/7pt – Gray 90%

Branding guidelines | June 2018

7

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Typography | Headings in word templates

H1 Cambria Regular, 26/27pt H1-small Cambria Regular, 16/18pt

H2 Arial Bold, 15/16pt

H3 Arial Bold, 12/13pt – Orange / Green / Blu / Cyan

P Paragraph – Arial Regular 8/12pt

Spacing bottom: 2mm

Table text –Arial Narrow Regular/Bold 7/8pt

Spacing bottom: 2mm Source Arial Regular 6/7pt, Gray 90% H4 Arial Bold 11/12pt H5 Arial Bold, 10/11pt H6 Arial Bold, 10/11pt – Gray70%

Spacing bottom: 2mm List paragraph indent: 6mm Spacing bottom: 2mm

Notes Arial Regular 6/7pt – Gray 90%

Branding guidelines | June 2018

8

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Study | Cover | Generic Guidelins | Placement

210 mm

y

x

15

150



12

297 mm

47 mm

64

Working paper

135

Publication title

186

190

20 mm 228

En collaboration avec

MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’EQUIPEMENT RURAL République du Sénégal

Un Peuple – Un But – Une Foi

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Working Paper #02

November 2017

263

34 mm

Branding guidelines | June 2018

9

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Study | Back covers | Generic Guidelins | Placement

210 mm

y

x

76,5



95

297 mm

57

263

Contacts 286

17

Branding guidelines | June 2018

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

PARM Secretariat

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org

Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

79

@parminfo

34

164

10

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Study | Covers | Generic Guidelins | Typography

Heuristica Regular, 19/19pt – Black Heuristica Regular, 19/19pt – Gray 70 Gotham Bold, 15/15pt – Green

Heurstica Bold, 84/80pt – Black or 42/42pt if long Title

Gotham Book, 8/10pt – Black Gotham Book, 6/6pt – Black, Uppercase

Gotham Bold, 20/20pt – Black Gotham Bold, 15/20pt – Black

Gotham Bold, 16/16pt – Black Gotham Bold, 8/10pt – Color

Working paper

Publication title En collaboration avec

MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE ET DE L’EQUIPEMENT RURAL République du Sénégal

Un Peuple – Un But – Une Foi

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

Working Paper #02

November 2017

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Gotham Bold, 8/10pt – Black Gotham Book, 8/10pt – Black

Branding guidelines | June 2018

11

ts

iat

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Workshop Report | Cover | Generic Guidelins | Placement

210 mm

x

y 

15

99

150

(231,3)

(315,3)

(366,3)

circular line 0,75pt

12

47 mm

Capacity Development

135

Niger

297 mm

64

228

Formation Régionale sur la Gestion des Risques Agricoles (GRA) au Sahel

Rapport

23-26 Avril 2018

263 International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Branding guidelines | June 2018

34 mm

12

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Workshop Report | Back covers | Generic Guidelins | Placement

210 mm

y

x

88



Capacity Development

Niger

148

297 mm

47

Formation Régionale sur la Gestion des Risques Agricoles (GRA) au Sahel

Rappo

23-26 Av

263

Contacts 286

17

Branding guidelines | June 2018

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

PARM Secretariat

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org

Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

79

@parminfo

34

164

13

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Briefs | Placement

210 mm

11 x

y

4 11

11 147

175

199



16

10 18

20,5

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods Tools Assessment

33

49 55

8

Cameroon

24

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management Policy Brief

October 2016

In collaboration with

Key message 1

2

3

Data from national systems – the

The shorter length of some risk

For effective and reliable information

diseases, price fluctuations,

national statistical institute INSC1

information such as in crop/animal

systems in Cameroon there is a

flooding and drought in Cameroon

and the MINADER2 provide

health and the ineffectiveness of

need to strengthen capacities for

affects the production and

detail information for risk analysis

delivery channels limit the use of

data collection and enhancing

marketing of major crops like

across different thematic areas

the information for proper risk

public-private partnerships for ITC

banana, tomatoes, cassava and

and commodities. MINEPIA and

management.

information delivery mechanisms.

cocoa.

ONCC focus on market and

The network of automatic weather

production of livestock, cocoa and

stations should also be expanded

coffee. Information dissemination

and consolidated, while market

environment is well-laid in the

information should be extended to

3

4

country.

other staple food crops and inputs.

In October 2016, the Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM) finalised

Existing information sources and information systems

a study that assessed Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management (IS-

The information systems identified for the seven thematic areas of agricultural risk man-

ARM) in seven Sub-Saharan African countries undertaken by CEIGRAM/VISAVET.

agement in Cameroon are indicated in Table 1. Some of them provides data and/or de-

Context

297 mm

4

Frequent occurrence of endemic

The assessment and systematic scoring focused on information for seven thematic

liver information on a single thematic area of agricultural risk management. They include

areas (see table 1) of agricultural risk management: meteorology, climate and soils,

DMN5 for meteorology/climate information and ONCC for commodity price/market in-

satellite image and communications, price of commodities, inputs and market, pro-

formation on cocoa and coffee. Others including INSC and MINADER offer integrat-

duction level, yield and plant health, animal and human health, policy, and socio-eco-

ed information on two or more thematic areas of agricultural risks. INSC for example is

nomic and sectorial. This policy brief outlines the strengths, weaknesses and recom-

Cameroon’s public institution that coordinates activities of the national statistical infor-

mendations for the information systems as identified in the Cameroon IS-ARM report.

mation systems and processes data for economic and social management. By perform-

Managing risks in agriculture involves seeking avenues and information to iden-

ing its main function, INSC makes information available for agricultural risk management

tify the opportunities and threats affecting farmers, both on-farm and off-farm.

relating to meteorology and climate, price and market, production levels and yields, an-

In Cameroon, the commonly noted risk affecting agricultural sector occurs at

imal and human health, and socio-economic aspects farmers’ livelihoods. MINADER is

the production level. They include endemics of crop/animal pests and diseas-

the Cameroon ministry in charge of agricultural and rural development. It manages ag-

es like Newcastle disease, lumpy skin disease and Africa swine fever. Other fre-

ricultural statistics and publishes biannual market bulletin, food balance sheets, and ag-

quent risks also noted are commodity pricing/marketing fluctuations, drought

ricultural statistics yearbooks on a wide range of commodities. Sometimes, it brings out

and floods. The 2016 PARM country risk profile for Cameroon estimates that

yearbook on monthly precipitation and temperature. Information from both INSC and

annual value of production losses for 12 crops is averaged 6.5% from 1990 to

MINADER can be accessed at their websites, only through internet access.

2013. Staple crops such as banana, tomatoes and cassava are the most affected. Together, these three crops make up 10% to 16% of annual production losses.

While these risks could be managed properly, the availability of reliable and adequate information on crop/plant health, agricultural market and trade as well as weather systems in Cameroon have been one of the main challenges.

261

281

Branding guidelines | June 2018

1 Institut National de la Statistique du Cameroun (INSC).

2 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER).

3 Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA).

4 Office National du Cacao et du Café (ONCC).

5 Direction de la Météorologie Nationale.

Study Conducted by: Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), a research centre of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; VISAVET- Health Surveillance Centre, a research centre of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

Cameroon | Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management | Policy Brief | October 2016

1

14

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Briefs | Typography

Gotham Book, 6/7pt – Black

Gotham Bold, 8/10pt – Green

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods Tools Assessment

Heuristica Bold, 44/44pt – Black

Cameroon

Heuristica Regular, 33/35pt – Black

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Gotham Bold, 15/15pt – Green

Policy Brief

Gotham Bold, 15/15pt – Green

October 2016

In collaboration with

Key message 1

2

3

Data from national systems – the

The shorter length of some risk

For effective and reliable information

diseases, price fluctuations,

national statistical institute INSC1

information such as in crop/animal

systems in Cameroon there is a

flooding and drought in Cameroon

and the MINADER2 provide

health and the ineffectiveness of

need to strengthen capacities for

affects the production and

detail information for risk analysis

delivery channels limit the use of

data collection and enhancing

marketing of major crops like

across different thematic areas

the information for proper risk

public-private partnerships for ITC

banana, tomatoes, cassava and

and commodities. MINEPIA3 and

management.

information delivery mechanisms.

cocoa.

ONCC4 focus on market and

The network of automatic weather

production of livestock, cocoa and

stations should also be expanded

coffee. Information dissemination

and consolidated, while market

environment is well-laid in the

information should be extended to

country.

Heuristica Regular, 14/14pt – Green

4

Frequent occurrence of endemic

other staple food crops and inputs.

In October 2016, the Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM) finalised

Existing information sources and information systems

a study that assessed Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management (IS-

The information systems identified for the seven thematic areas of agricultural risk man-

ARM) in seven Sub-Saharan African countries undertaken by CEIGRAM/VISAVET.

agement in Cameroon are indicated in Table 1. Some of them provides data and/or de-

Context

The assessment and systematic scoring focused on information for seven thematic

liver information on a single thematic area of agricultural risk management. They include

areas (see table 1) of agricultural risk management: meteorology, climate and soils,

DMN5 for meteorology/climate information and ONCC for commodity price/market in-

satellite image and communications, price of commodities, inputs and market, pro-

formation on cocoa and coffee. Others including INSC and MINADER offer integrat-

duction level, yield and plant health, animal and human health, policy, and socio-eco-

ed information on two or more thematic areas of agricultural risks. INSC for example is

nomic and sectorial. This policy brief outlines the strengths, weaknesses and recom-

Cameroon’s public institution that coordinates activities of the national statistical infor-

mendations for the information systems as identified in the Cameroon IS-ARM report.

mation systems and processes data for economic and social management. By perform-

Managing risks in agriculture involves seeking avenues and information to iden-

ing its main function, INSC makes information available for agricultural risk management

tify the opportunities and threats affecting farmers, both on-farm and off-farm.

relating to meteorology and climate, price and market, production levels and yields, an-

In Cameroon, the commonly noted risk affecting agricultural sector occurs at

imal and human health, and socio-economic aspects farmers’ livelihoods. MINADER is

the production level. They include endemics of crop/animal pests and diseas-

the Cameroon ministry in charge of agricultural and rural development. It manages ag-

es like Newcastle disease, lumpy skin disease and Africa swine fever. Other fre-

ricultural statistics and publishes biannual market bulletin, food balance sheets, and ag-

quent risks also noted are commodity pricing/marketing fluctuations, drought

ricultural statistics yearbooks on a wide range of commodities. Sometimes, it brings out

and floods. The 2016 PARM country risk profile for Cameroon estimates that

yearbook on monthly precipitation and temperature. Information from both INSC and

annual value of production losses for 12 crops is averaged 6.5% from 1990 to

MINADER can be accessed at their websites, only through internet access.

2013. Staple crops such as banana, tomatoes and cassava are the most affected. Together, these three crops make up 10% to 16% of annual production losses.

While these risks could be managed properly, the availability of reliable and adequate information on crop/plant health, agricultural market and trade as well as weather systems in Cameroon have been one of the main challenges.

1 Institut National de la Statistique du Cameroun (INSC).

2 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MINADER).

3 Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA).

4 Office National du Cacao et du Café (ONCC).

5 Direction de la Météorologie Nationale.

Study Conducted by: Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), a research centre of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; VISAVET- Health Surveillance Centre, a research centre of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

Heuristica Regular, 8/10pt – Black

Branding guidelines | June 2018

Cameroon | Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management | Policy Brief | October 2016

1

15

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Pubblications | Studies | Studies by country

Executive Summary Beige pattern background

Draft Study Solid grey background

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Tools Assessment

Risk Assessment

Uganda

Uganda

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

Draft Study

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Agricultural Risk Assessment Study

Contacts PARM Secretariat

Word template

Branding guidelines | June 2018

Executive Summary

October 2015

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Word template inDesign template

16

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Pubblications | Studies | Studies by country

Full Report - RAS (2.1) Final Publication Farmer portrait

Full Report - FS (2.2) Final Publication Farmer portrait

Country Final Report (1.4) 4 photos: landscape, detail, farmer portraits

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Risk Assessment

Tools Assessment

Implementation

Uganda

Uganda

Uganda Final Report

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

inDesign template

Branding guidelines | June 2018

Full Report October 2015

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Crop pests and disease management in Uganda: status and investment needs

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

inDesign template

Full Report March 2017

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Holistic approach to risk management: new opportunities for investment in agriculture

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

May 2017

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

inDesign template

17

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Pubblications | Workshop reports

Full Report - RAS (2.1) Final Publication Farmer portrait

Full Report - FS (2.2) Final Publication Farmer portrait

Country Final Report (1.4) 4 photos: landscape, detail, farmer portraits

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Risk Assessment

Tools Assessment

Implementation

Uganda

Uganda

Uganda Final Report

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

inDesign template

Branding guidelines | June 2018

Full Report October 2015

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Crop pests and disease management in Uganda: status and investment needs

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

inDesign template

Full Report March 2017

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

Holistic approach to risk management: new opportunities for investment in agriculture

Contacts PARM Secretariat

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

May 2017

parm@ifad.org www.p4arm.org @parminfo

inDesign template

18

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Pubblications | Briefs

Country Risk Profile (3.1) 4 pages

Policy Brief (3.2) 2 pages

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

Senegal Risk Assessment

Tools Assessment

Senegal

Agricultural Risk Profile What are the key findings?

What are agricultural risks?

The analysis suggests that production risks are greater than output price risks, in terms of both frequency and severity.

Agricultural risks are uncertain events that cause farmers significant financial loss or other adverse outcomes. They are different from constraints, which are predictable and constant limitations. Risks can negatively affect rural employment and assets, increase food insecurity, and lead to inefficient private and public sector investment. The purpose of the profile is to provide a high-level quantitative analysis of selected risks. It uses a common methodology, drawing on easily available information. As annual national averages are used, local and seasonal variations cannot be observed. This may underestimate production risks as compared to output price risks. The scope of the analysis is also limited by the lack of output data for livestock products. Price data for commodities in Senegal was available only for the period 1991-2011. A detailed country risk assessment requires a much fuller investigation.

Increasingly erratic rainfall and livestock diseases are estimated as priority risks. Illicit fisheries are a main concern in that sector.

Both temperature and the number of wetter months are rising.

Cow peas, tomatoes and groundnuts are the crops most affected by yield losses.

Cow peas and maize are most affected by output price risks.

Input price risks could be significant.

Political stability has improved and become relatively favourable.

What role does agriculture play?

Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management Policy Brief

October 2016

Key message 1

2

Production risks linked to climatic stress – erratic rainfall, early cessation and/or delay onset of rain and extended drought – affects the agricultural sector of Senegal.

Locust outbreak, bushfires and price volatility are also common

What products are most important?

About 56% of the total population of 15.1 million is rural, less than Groundnuts are by far the most important product, although their | 2. importance What products isare most important? the Sub-Saharan Africa and PARM countries averages. Agriculture Senegal relative decreasing.

Rice and poultry production has remained relatively stable in terms of land use and export show the largest increases. The top ten products represent 73% of production in 2013, with all crops accounting for 71%. importance, but fallen in terms of GDP.

3

National information systems like ANSD1, ANACIM2, DAPSA3, ISRA4, MSAS5 and CSE6 provide comprehensive information for risk analysis. Senegal also has well-laid information dissemination channels with great potential.

4

Legal rules on confidentiality reduce access to relevant information. Some of the national systems lack historical data while others hardly update their information. ANACIM offers climate data but its meteorological stations are very few with limited geographical coverages, especially across the eastern part of Senegal.

Enhancing the information systems requires enacting more friendly regulation on data confidentiality, increasing reliability of internet services, enhancing public-private partnerships for information delivery, initiating a system to manage long-term data and up-dating information.

Groundnuts, with shell Rice, paddy

Context

Millet Meat indigenous, cattle

In October 2016, the Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM) finalised

Meat indigenous, chicken 2013

Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas

a study that assessed Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management

2000

tems deliver information on a single thematic area of agricultural risk manage-

Milk, whole fresh cow

seven thematic areas (see table 1) of agricultural risk management: meteorolo-

ment. Examples include the INP for soil information, Manobi Senegal (a private

Meat indigenous, sheep

gy, climate and soils, satellite image and communications, price of commodities,

national system) and CSA for price/market, and MSAS for animal health related in-

Onions, dry

inputs and market, production level, yield and plant health, animal and human

formation. Several of the national information systems including ANSD, ANACIM,

health, policy, and socio-economic and sectorial. This policy brief outlines the

DAPSA, ISRA and CSE offer integrative information on two or more thematic

strengths, weaknesses and recommendations for the information systems as

areas. The ANSD for instance is the main agency in Senegal responsible for cen-

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

% of value of production

40%

45%

Source: FAOSTAT

How vulnerable are people

How has the sector grown? to risks?

Between 1990 and 2013, agricultural output increased by 60%. This There has been a slight fall in both the rural poverty headcount and is primarily due to rising yields, with the total land area used for gap since 2001, mirroring a similar improvement in urban poverty.

Senegal | 3. How has the sector grown? agriculture rising just 2% since 1990. There is considerable yearly Senegal The prevalence of undernourishment has fallen dramatically, but the | 4. How vulnerable are people to risks?

variation in average yields. Crop output has risen twice as fast as portion with bank accounts remains relatively low. livestock.

Production Area Yield 1990-92 = 100 70%

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

management initiatives.

2010

Rural poverty headcount

Source: FAOSTAT

2000

2010

2000-02

Rural poverty gap

2013-15

Prevelance of undernourishment

2011

2014

Sources: World Bank and FAOSTAT

1

Senegal | Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management | Policy Brief | October 2016

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods Table 1: Information systems for thematic areas of agricultural risk management in Senegal.

Type of information systems

What are macro level risks?

National

Macro level risks cover unexpected changes in the broader economic environment in which agriculture occurs. It can include changes in government or business regulations, fiscal and monetary policy settings, external trade restrictions, political instability, corruption, regional conflict and domestic unrest.

Are basic requirements in place?

Index scores for the basic requirement pillars place Senegal very Senegal | 15. Are basic requirements in place? close to the African average across all four pillars. Index scores

have lifted for two but have fallen for two. In particular health and primary education has fallen below the African average.

2013-2015

Is the political environment stable?

4 3

45

1,5

40

1,0

35

0,5

30

0,0

25 20

-1,0

1

15

-1,5 Pillar 1.

Plllar 2.

Institutions

Infrastructure

Pillar 3.

Pillar 4.

-2,5

Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Source: World Economic Forum, Global Competitiveness Index

10 5

-2,0

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

0

Source: Worldwide Governance Indicators

Overall risk assessment The PARM process

A detailed risk assessment was carried out as part of the PARM process, in partnership with NEPAD and the relevant African government. It is a rigorous consultation process during which the main agricultural risks of Senegal were identified and prioritised. The PARM studies focused on livestock and fisheries, complementing a 2015 World Bank study that was more focussed on crops.

The results of these studies indicate that increasingly erratic rainfall, particularly in northern Senegal pose the most significant production risks. Pests and diseases are the second most important risk. A key risk within the livestock sector is uncertainty over land tenure and access.

Price volatility of imported feeds is a major source of risk within the poultry sector. Illicit fisheries are a major risk for the sustainability of that sector.

What are the main agricultural risks?

The analysis suggests that overall production risks are greater than output price risks. The frequency of yield losses associated with production risks and their severity (both on average and in the worst-case scenario) are greater than for output price risks.

RISK

VARIABLE

AVERAGE FREQUENCY

AVERAGE SEVERITY

WORST-CASE SCENARIO

PRODUCTION

RAW SCORE

0.32

-27%

-86%

RISK LEVEL OUTPUT PRICE

RAW SCORE RISK LEVEL

HIGH 0.30 HIGH

MEDIUM -10 LOW

VERY HIGH -18% MEDIUM

What are the linkages between risks?

Managing risks in agriculture is particularly challenging, as many risks are highly correlated, resulting in whole communities being affected at the same time. Impacts on yield that are widespread and have a significant impact on total market supply can have profound effects on market prices. In Senegal drought is a clear example of one risk that can trigger others, aggravating some pests and diseases (additional production risks), leading to spikes in food prices but also plummeting prices as pastoralists are forced to sell (market risks).

What is PARM? The Platform for Agricultural Risk Management (PARM), an outcome of the G8 and G20 discussions on food security and agricultural growth, is a four-year multi-donor partnership between developing nations and development partners to make risk management an integral part of policy planning and implementation in the agricultural sector. PARM operates a process to achieve this through risk assessment, policy dialogue, tools assessment and capacity development.

PARM Secretariat International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

parm@ifad.org

www.p4arm.org

Meteorology, climate & soils ANACIM / ANSD / INP

Satellite image & communications CSE

Prices of commodity, input & market ANSD / Manobi Senegal / CSA

Production levels, yields & plant health ANSD / DAPSA / CSE / PPEA / ANACIM / ISRA / DPV

Regional

ACMAD / AGRHYMET

AARSE / AGRHYMET

AfDB / RESIMAO / UNECA AGRHYMET / AfDB / eRAILS / / AMITSA AfricaRice

International

CRED – IDD /FAOAquastat / WB – CCKP / ESDAC / ISRIC

NASA / ESA / USGS / CGIAR – CSI / ANACIM / UN (Spider) / Terra Remote Sensing

GIEWS-FAO / WFP-VAM / FEWS NET / FAOSTAT / USDA

CountryStat-FAO / FAO-crop calendar / Plantwise

Strengths

Percentile Rank (0-100) 50

2,0

-0,5

2

Senegal Estimate Score (LHS) Senegal Percentile Rank (RHS) Sub-Saharan Africa Percentile Rank (RHS)

Estimate Score (2.5 to 2.5 2,5

Africa 2013-2015

6

Thematic areas of agricultural risk management Animal & human health ANSD / ISRA / MSAS / MEFP / MEPA

Policy SAP

Socio-economic & sectorial ANSD / DAPSA

AU-IBAR / WHO-Regional / Office for Africa

SPAIF / BCEAO / ARC

SIPSA / AfDB

Factfish / FAOSTAT / OIE / WHO-HSIS / EMPRES / IAEA / WB

GIEWS-FAO / FEWS NET / WFP / WB / IPC

WB

Source: PARM IS-ARM Report, Senegal (2016). These information systems were identified during the Information Systems for Agricultural Risk Management Study in Senegal finalised by PARM in October 2016. The classification of information systems are based on geographical scope or scale of information (national, regional and international).

Senegal generally scores above the Sub-Saharan Africa average in Senegal | 16. Is the political environment stable? the political stability and absence of violence index. Its percentile

ranking has varied within the 35-45 range for the last decade

suggesting a degree of stability.

5

0

1

Platform for Agricultural Risk Management | Managing risks to improve farmers’ livelihoods

2006-2008

Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie (ANSD).

L’Agence Nationale de l’Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM).

Direction de L’analyse, de la Prevision et des Statistiques Agricoles (DAPSA). l’Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA).

Ministère de la Santé et de L’Action Sociale (MSAS).

Centre de Suivi Ecologique (CSE)

Rural adults with a bank account

Macro level risks

Index (Max value of 7) 7

1 2 3 4 5 6

Study Conducted by: Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), a research centre of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; VISAVET- Health Surveillance Centre, a research centre of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

2000

2012

Senegal | Agricultural Risk Profile | Factsheet | November 2016

building activities for information generation and dissemination purposes.

These impacts are not only felt by the poor rural farmers but also the govern-

0% 1992

tant national system with well-established connections to national, regional and international research institutions. It also provides research training and capacity

floods occur twice every year, while lumpy skin has been endemic, recorded to

ment at the national due to lack of information to aid disaster preparedness and

10%

80 1990

nomic situation forecasting and management purposes. ISRA is another impor-

es such as drought and floods, in addition to outbreak of pests and diseases (including locust, Newcastle and lumpy skin disease), and bushfires. On average,

to 2013 amounted to about 25% of yield losses in cowpeas and 16% in tomatoes.

20%

100

functions, the agency ensures that economic outlooks are made available for eco-

related risks. In particular, the production risks are linked to climate-related caus-

in Senegal. The estimates show that average annual production losses from 1990

30%

120

tralising and dissemination data summaries on agriculture, trade, energy, environment, health etc. generated by the national statistical systems. By performing its

duction risks are greater in terms of frequency and severity than market/trade

curred in 2002 causing losses amounting to 50% of total agricultural production

Sub-Saharan Africa

40%

140

identified in the Senegal IS-ARM report.

According to the 2016 PARM Country Risk Profile for Senegal, agricultural pro-

be occurring virtually every year over the past 10 years. A major drought oc-

50%

160

− Urban poverty

60%

180

Several information systems are available for agricultural risk management in Senegal. As shown in Table 1, some of the identified national information sys-

VISAVET. The assessment and systematic scoring focused on information for

0%

200

Existing information sources and information systems

(IS-ARM) in seven Sub-Saharan African countries undertaken by CEIGRAM/

Tomatoes

As shown in table 1, a number of national systems gather and deliver information for agricultural risk management on different themes. The information available on thematic areas of satellite image, prices, soil, communication and trade are recorded as the strongest (see table 2).

Comprehensive data: DAPSA carries out agricultural surveys and censuses. It has a dedicated portal for the dissemination of agro-survey results on production, cultivated area and yields. National statistics from ANSD are configured into annual yearbooks that provide wide range of socio-economic and sectorial information on agricultural households and their livelihoods. Data from national systems like the CSE are based on extensive fieldwork, with some robust data analysis and interpretive results published to reveal indexes related to crops and agricultural fires.

Well-laid information dissemination environment in Senegal: Compared to other African countries, Senegal has good mobile penetration and secured internet service providers. Systems are also in place to disseminate alerts and information to smallholder farmers in rural areas. A typical example is the Manobi, which is a private platform aimed at providing real-time commodity market/price information to farmers through SMS. National information systems feed into regional and international systems: Some regional and international agricultural risk management information systems rely on the national systems as reference for their data compilation and analysis. As a main source of price information in Senegal, the CSA provides complete information that feeds the ANSD (also a national system), RESIMAO (a regional system) and FAO, WB, WFP (international systems) databases. DAPSA is the main provider of data to ANSD and FAO systems, and the ANSD further feeds to the UN Comtrade with trades indices, imports and exports across Senegal.

Weaknesses Information on thematic and sub-thematic areas of commodity stock and input price, plant health, cost of animal diseases, and socio-economic and sectorial risk of endemic and emerging diseases are the weakest (see the scores in Table 2) for agricultural risk management purposes in Senegal. This indicates that the information systems in Senegal are not without flaws.

Restricted access information: Pursuant to legislation on information confidentiality in Senegal, some national systems are reluctant to give access to relevant information.

For instance, ANACIM does not offer complete on-line information on meteorological and climate data series, even though some climate data can be obtained under strict request from research/academic institutions. Data on commodity stock and prices of food reserves from CSA and CSE are also considered as legally confidential, denying public access to the data and associated bulletins/reports. Alternative sources like ANSD have hardly had their websites to work properly, continually making it difficult to access market/trade and climate related risk information.

Historical data and up-to-date information: DPV which is a well-established plant health information system does not have any structured systems to collect and disseminate historical data on plant pests and diseases, yields losses and costs of infection. Data series for plant production and yields information on ANSD website covers a very few number of years without much historical insights. Even, the available

data are not disaggregated to allow proper risk assessment and management. While ANACIM offers climate data, its meteorological stations are very few with limited geographical coverages, especially across the eastern part of Senegal.

Missing information: The Government of Senegal has piloted different socio-economic risk reduction initiatives including the National Agricultural Insurance Company of Senegal (CNAAS) and national agricultural warning systems but no systematic information about some of these projects exists on the websites of both ANSD and DAPSA who are noted for socio-economic data and information services. The assessment of national systems for foreign trade is rather poor while that for animal health – livestock, production, prices, demand and diseases – is also deficient from some national information sources like the ANSD and Ministry of Livestock (Ministère de l’Élevage et des Productions Animales (MEPA) in French). This constrains risk analysis on cost of animal health reduction and diseases.

The way forward Build complete form of data for risk analysis: Historical and well-up-dated data are crucial for long-term risk analysis. The national information systems lacking long-term data series should initiate systems to build on data that span from over 30 to the most current year. They should make regional information systems as their main sources of reference. For instance, like AGRHYMET for historical climate data and RESIMAO for complete market/trade related information. Professionals and institutions with long-term experiences should also be included as the main point source of information on related thematic areas.

Provide friendly regulations on data confidentiality to allow for both private and public information dissemination agencies to access and render relevant information for agricultural risk management. Enforcements should be purely public-private partnership oriented and be guided by terms and conditions to prevent partners from utilizing the information in ways that may threaten the source agencies.

Improve data and information dissemination systems: While internet and mobile phone services in Senegal are noted for better penetration, the websites of some national systems do not work properly and not every smallholder farmer gets access to SMS services of private systems like the Manobi. There should be a strengthening framework to enable the communication technology providers to render internet services to specific standards. Private investors like Manobi should also be given more enticements to allow them to extend services to all areas and every farmer in Senegal.

Table 2: Scores for information on thematic & sub thematic areas of ARM in Senegal

Strongest information areas (%)

Weakest information areas (%)

Satellite image

78

Commodity stock & inputs

10

Prices

75

Plant health

25

Soil

70

Cost of animal diseases

45

Trade

70

Socio-economic & sectorial

50

Communications

70

Risk of endemics and emerging disease

55

Meteorology & climate

60

Policies

55

Production levels & yields

60

Source: PARM IS-ARM Report, Senegal (2016).

@parminfo PARM Secretariat International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) Via Paolo di Dono 44 - 00142 Rome (Italy)

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