PORTFOLIO
WENJING MA/JINYU LIU/TIANTIAN GE GROUP 2 SLEEPWELL @CPU.AI
CONTENTS 01 THESIS STATEMENT
04
PROBLEM: HOUSING CRISIS PHENOMENON & GOVERNMENT POLICY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTER HOUSING PRICES, SALARY & UNEMPLOYMENT NARRATIVE DFMA APPROACH COLIVING APPROACH KEY STRATEGY
05 06 07
CROSS SECTION
27
LONGITUDE SECTION
28
08 05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 09 UNIT EXPLOED DRAWING 10 EXPLODED DRAWING
02 SITE MASSING SITE ANALYSIS MASSING DEVELOPMENT MASSING PROGRESS DIAGRAM
SECTION DETAIL
12 14 15
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
06 CONCLUSION & RELECTION 03 USER'S SPACE
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
17 18 19
INTERACTIVE BUTTON
PLAN
20
CLICK ME
PRIVATE: TYPOLOGY PUBLIC: COOKING AND LIVING MODULES
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION REGULATION FLOOR SERVICE TYPOLOGY SERVICE NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION
22 23 24 25 26
30 31 32 33
35
01 THESIS STATEMENT
01 THESIS STATEMENT
4
01 THESIS STATEMENT
Government policy
PURCHASE RATE <RENT RATE
Greater Manchester's Plan for Homes provides the right houses with a minimum target of 50,000 additional affordable homes due to housing crisis. -Greater Manchester Spatial Framework Greater Manchester's Plan for Homes, Jobs, and the Environment (the spatial framework) has been put together by Greater Manchester Combined Authority, which comprises the Mayor of Greater Manchester and the leaders of Greater Manchester's ten local councils. This plan is about providing the right homes, in the right places, for people across our city region. It's about creating jobs and improving infrastructure to ensure the future prosperity of Greater Manchester.The plan focuses on making the most of Greater Manchester's brownfield sites, prioritising redevelopment of town centres and other sustainable locations. It will also help to address the housing crisis with a minimum target of 50,000 additional affordable homes – 30,000 of which will be social housing.
The difficulty of buying a house is increasing.
-Greater Manchester Housing Strategy The Greater Manchester Housing Strategy identifies safe, decent and affordable housing as a priority so that homes fit the needs and aspirations of current and future citizens.The Greater Manchester Housing Strategy was approved by the GMCA on Friday 28 June 2019.
-Northern Powerhouse Strategy The Northern Powerhouse strategy explains how the government will work with local stakeholders to address key barriers to productivity in the region. The government will invest in transport infrastructure to improve connections between and within the North's towns, cities and counties; work with local areas to raise education and skills levels across the North; ensure the North is an excellent place to start and grow a business; and ensure the Northern Powerhouse is recognised worldwide as an excellent opportunity for trade and investment.
People have to solve the housing problem by renting a house The data shows that Manchester's housing prices are still optimistic in the world, and can reduce social conflicts through adjustment. The price to income ratio is the nominal house price divided by the nominal disposable income per head and can be considered as a measure of affordability.The price to rent ratio is the nominal house price divided by the rent price and can be considered as a measure of the profitability of house ownership.This indicator is an index with base year 2015. DATA FROM: https://data.oecd.org/price/housing-prices.htm#indicator-chart
Housing Crisis Manchester city's demographic characteristics: the demand for housing is increasing in the coming years. Housing prices in manchester are above average. The data shows that Manchester people have a high salary level but a high unemployment rate in UK, which results a higher population mobility and working people are more like to rent houses. Greater Manchester's Plan for Homes provides the right houses with a minimum target of 50,000 additional affordable homes due to housing crisis.
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01 THESIS STATEMENT Manchester city's demographic characteristics: the demand for housing is increasing in the coming years.
MANCHESTER BIRTHS AND DEATHS
AVERAGE AGE OF MANCHESTER
1.2M
36.3
3.2k
total residents estimate 2017
average age estimates 2017
population desity estimate 2017
2.37 residents per household census 2011
MANCHESTER POPULATION GROWTH
With the population growth, the average age of 36.3 years old has a large demand for houses， who have a family with or with children. The large population base and high demand for houses are factors that contribute to the housing crisis in Manchester. In addition, the immigrant population also belongs to the housing needs population, they will also bring housing pressure.
MANCHESTER POPULATION PYRAMID
The birth rate is much greater than the death rate of the Manchester local population. Population grows steadily from almost 1050000 to reach 1250000 in the last decade, with a stable pyramid form as is shown is the diagram of Manchester population growth and pyramid. In this way, the demand for housing is increasing in the coming years. MANCHESTER POPLULATION STATISTICS: In 2007, there were 1.2M residents in Manchester postcode area with an average of 36.3 years. Population density was 3.2k residents per square kilometer. In England and Wales, the average age was 40. Based on census, there were 2.37 residents per household in 2011.
mid-year estimate internal migration flows, mid 2001-2016
A reduction in volume from recent years for emigration means the negative gap between those entering and leaving the city (net outflow) was smaller, just-0.18% (-0.59% the previous year).3.2. Single year of age data indicates that the largest inflows were in age groups 19 to 23 and outflows highest, with great mobility. And most of the immigration flows gather in the city center, who are students and young professionals.
AGE OF ARRIVAL IN UK 18-24 2011
Data from: https://a.plumplot.co.uk/
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01 THESIS STATEMENT Housing prices are above average in Manchester of UK.
SALARY OF MANCHESTER AND UK
UNEMPLOYMENT OF MANCHESTER AND UK
Manchester postcode area September 2018-August 2019
￡192k average property price
1%
￡2.0k
average price percentage change
average price change
MANCHESTER PROPERTY PRICES The average property price in Manchester postcode area is £192K. The average price increased by £2.0k (1%) over the last twelve months. There were 18.1k property sales and property sales dropped by 8.5% (-1.8k sales). Most properties were sold in the £100K-£150K price range with 4814 (26.6%) properties sold, followed by £150k-£200k price range with 4376 (24.2%) properties sold. The most affordable place was 'M9 5' with the average price of £88.4k.The most expensive place was 'M2 4', £1.5M.
The data shows that average salary of a person is 3.3K in Manchester, above the average of the UK, which is more competitive. However, the data shows that Manchester people have a high unemployment rate in UK, which results a higher population mobility and working people are more like to rent houses. 7
01 THESIS STATEMENT
DFMA APPROACH
8
01 THESIS STATEMENT
COLIVING INTRODUCTION
9
01 THESIS STATEMENT Key strategy
10
02 SITE MASSING CONCEPT
11
02 SITE MASSING SITE ANALYSIS
City center
High rise building High-floor-area ratio Site M15 postcode area Low floor-area ratio
12
02 SITE MASSING SITE ANALYSIS
convenient transportation
Lack of green space
Buildings lower than 5 floors and higher than 15 levels are highlighted. With time goes by, there would be more buildings with high floor area ratio.
Located in the crossroad, with a view looking around diversely.
13
03 SITE MASSING MASSING DEVELOPMENT DENSITY
COURTYARD
INTERACTION
VIEW
PROJECT AREA
HIGHEST DENSITY
SPLIT
DIFFERENTIATE HEIGHT AND VIEW
TOWNHOUSE
TOWER
COURTYARD
DIFFERENTIATE VIEW
BRIDGE AND GARDEN COMBINED TOWER
COURTYARD
BRIDGE TOWER
BRIDGE COMBINED TOWER
LINEAR
COURTYARD
LOWER DENSITY
PICKED MASSING FOR LINEAR SPACE PROVIDING BEST VIEW SO THAT EACH HOUSEHOLD COULD LOOK OUTSIDE AND HAVE ENOUGH SUNLIGHT
14
03 SITE MASSING
MASSING PROGRESS DIAGRAM
MODULAR GENERATION DIAGRAM
Linear space for enough sunlight, with private space looking out
FROM CHINESE TRADITIONAL MORTISE AND TENON JOINT
CHANGE FROM STRUCTURAL PURPOSE TO SPACIAL PURPOSE
SIMPLIFICATION
IMPROVEMENT OF EFFECIENCY FROM SIMPLE DESIGN IN USE OF DFMA
With 4 floors as a linear unit
A change of linear realationship
BLUE AREA AS PRIVATE SPACE MODULARS ARE COMBINED IS TIED BY YELLOW PUBLIC BY PUBLIC SPACE SPACE
A LINEAR PLAN IS FORMED BY SERIES OF MODULARS Creating a different of space and facade 15
03 USER'S SPACE
16
03 USER'S SPACE TYPOLOGY
17
03 USER'S SPACE
Public: Cooking and living room modules
18
03 USER'S SPACE GROUND FLOOR PLAN
19
03 USER'S SPACE PLAN
-1F PLAN 2-4F PLAN 5F PLAN 6-9F PLAN 10F PLAN 11-14F PLAN 15F PLAN
20
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION
21
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION REGULATION
22
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION SERVICE
Heating
Fire proof
Electricity
water
ventilation
23
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION SERVICE
Heating
Fire proof
Electricity
water
ventilation
24
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION
NORTH ELEVATION
25
EAST ELEVATION 26
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION CROSS SECTION
SEMI-PUBLIC PUBLIC
27
04 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS AND VISUALIZATION LONGITUDE SECTION
SEMI-PUBLIC PUBLIC
28
05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
29
05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL UNIT EXPLOSION
30
05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL EXPLODED DRAWING
31
05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
32
05 CONSTRUCTION DETAIL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
33
34
06 CONCLUSION & RELECTION FROM TIANTIAN GE:
FROM JINYU LU:
FROM WENJING MA:
My first contact with prefabrication and DFMA came this semester in the studio and I started to learn Revit for the first time. This is fun, but it is also full of challenges. From the beginning we decided to use Chinese mortise and tenon as our concept, we have been struggling with whether to use it for structural purposes. It now seems that the idea at that time was actually contrary to the essence of DFMA, that is, reducing the cost of housing construction from design and assembly to reduce the high construction costs caused by insufficient labor, repeated design, and material waste.
During this design process, we put forward many possible project, which were rejected by ourselves and our teachers in various situations, and finally formed the current one. This is really a painful process, but there is still a lot to learn from it.
Preliminary study-“If I had only an hour to save the world, I would spend fifty-five minutes defining the problem and only five solving it.” – Attr. Albert Einstein
In addition, volumetric's module combination is more able to meet my expectations for reducing private space and increasing public space, and for coliving lifestyle. Architects should move forward with a sense of social responsibility. Social loneliness and housing crisis are something that architects and even all human beings have to solve. Thank you so much for your guidance and help during this period, and helped us determine the Chinese mortise and tenon as our space organization principal to connect public space and private space. After repeated attempts and explorations, I gradually found the answer to the linear venue relationship and the hierachy of private and public space. Moreover, Revit as a new way of thinking has improved our understanding of assembly and structure. I also improved my skill of drawing plans, sections and renderings.
DFMA and co-living are the focus and the main part of our project this time, which are also something I haven't covered before. They made this project more challenging. The concept of DFMA was considered important and made me invest more as I was responsible for completing this aspect in the group scheme. I am also responsible for Revit modeling and thinking about structural design this time. In this way, My skill of Revit has also been improved in this project. Unlike sketch up, which I used often, Revit is more valuable in actual projects. I will learn more about the use of this software. Hopefully I can arrange the time more reasonably next time and reduce the process of repeatedly revising the plan in the early stages. If this process is unavoidable, I hope that I can make a better time schedule and have more time to complete the expression of the project more fully and comprehensively. I am very grateful to my teachers, who have hit the key to the problem every time and have given us a lot of help. Thanks for my team members also, and I’m looking forward to have a better teamwork next time.
From this course we learn that as an architect, we should not simply represent the surface, instead, we are supposed to solve problems after in-depth consideration. At the beginning of the project, we did massive research to obtain basic information and data about the city. Then we analyzed the data to get problems. This process is necessary and important since it helps to define what we are doing, instead of just following the steps of others, gradually promote the scheme based on logic. We decided that co-living with is a compatible solution to the problem of housing crisis and fulfill the pursuit of young people to cozy life. Design Process -Designing is a complex process of thinking. My role in our team is to break and rearrange all kinds of factors, which means we have to weigh the advantages against the disadvantages, make choices and give up. Then we have to consider our solution repeatedly in terms of unit typologies, plan, form and space to make it more systematic and combine the gap between all parts. -Revit is also a highly efficient platform since it can merge all kinds of resources and make a classification in the input, and make simultaneous and multidimensional alterations in output, which makes the traditional designing more productive. Besides, the course also guides us to learn some technical skills, including DFMA, structures, services and norms. For example, when drawing service plans and floor plans, I develop a sense of space reserved for other professions. If imagination is a bird in architecture, technological skills are the skeleton which guarantees a higher and farther flight. -If to be a realist, who can complete a solution within shorter time and put it into use with more maturity, economic returns and less chances of risks. However, this often means losing interesting and originality, which are truly rare and valuable. It can be a challenge to be an idealist, because the road ahead is uncertain. All bold designs seem impossible before they are truly carried out, which also means study more. Teamwork-We are both teammates and teachers to each other in team cooperation. -Our collective efforts make the design process better and the cooperation can create a greater effect than simply gathering our efforts together. -All of us have learned a lot more since we are complementary and make up for the points that other members fail to consider. -A solid team can make a seemingly heavy burden much easier. -Thanks for all tutorials which help us come back to discover something which we used to neglect and turn to be better 35