!"#$%&'(&)*(+,-./0123'4567879:92/;/!"#$$%&'()*+,-./)#012&345 !%0')67-8&< = > ? @ A A ? > B = / C D E . / C / F = D G / H I J D E / K > E D J L M B E @ J >/ 9:+&;<=>?@AB<&CD&EFGBHFB IJ,I2K)#L83)0M&NO%.#0IJ,I2&F P < B Q F = ? @ H R & S#.T%K,&UVVW )%K%&UXV&Y%Z 0N%7''N2O":2'(P2)1Q:2' [J$9$&\()N/)J+S)),%&N]"*&-%^T%.#.Z0/5 3-5NJZSJ_&'T-)20%)%&0),#+I5&NJ)J,8K5)/!J0/5&I5-+3N8&'-0$%(J&& T)I!.2&T8`20J!)/a8')6-8&404b-8&!#.TJZ+2&0]:J0)&'c:J,'06L-0d5I8`2 7''N2O":2'7'"R2' T)I!.2&T8`20J!)/a8')6-8&0),#+I5&NJ)J,8K5)/!J0/5 7''N2O":2',P2)8:9"39TJ)I%&-#80d)Z#`.*+)#(.2&[d,J&.OL%T5&e"e&!J.:%..Z2&Y/$^#+&3fa'8*L+T 7''N2O":2'!"#$:''3 0),#+I5&NJ)J,8K5)/!J0/5 &#S2)T:2':(+7''N2O":2'& [)"2ZJI+2&4g+]ZSJI8`2& h 7''N2O":2'&#U3 [d,J&.OL%T5 7''N2O":2'V5)6787 Y/$^#+&3fa'8*L+T&TJ)I%&-#80d)Z#`.*+)#(.2&& ((:W77$: X D J >Y@ < H A i B h Z8[\P2][Q& Y)J1#Z&9-'Ia.'TJ5:2N&I#Y5J^^J78&'j%N2&!O%0#:/ XklmnVW&o..N%S/4)p:J1e2&3qT8Y%89I8I%8&& 'q(+%..%T%&0)/8'ZIr&nknUk& 9Z)`#IZ2&k U s X n t s l W u k = ^ ? @_. &F P < B Q F = ? @ H v G > A ? > B @ wi x > A ? D y F x `? B = a J J b ./ Q Q Q D z > y < { F F | D y F x m F P < B Q F = ? @ H EX@EE= D ./ Q Q Q D v Q A v v < = D y F x m F P < B Q F = ? @ H } v G& X= a A @ E = M & Q Q Q D F P < B Q F = ? @ H D A B D v G Z8[ZP2R)U2Q& Y)J1#Z&f*'-~:+d'K^#7.&!O%0#:&•,€%^.• ‚ƒsƒ„…†C‡ ˆ ‰ Š & ‹ … Œ • ˆ † & † ‰ Ž ‹ C Š • & • ˆ Ž ˆ ‡ ƒ „ '5qZ*7&ntVtmtWs•k&-%K%)Z*f*\-'-‘Z%T'T-)2&& ^#L.Z*7&n•&o..Y%8.%s()%:&3qT8Y%8.%&& 'q(Y%8.%&0)/8'ZIr&nkUXk 9Z)`#IZ2&k s U W u • s t U U U R & k s U W u • s t k k k 9Z)N%)&k s U W u • s t u V X s • X= a A @ E = . / G v v P M m m Q Q Q D H < s < @ D y F x m
NO%€)#YNo%Y#.0%)`•01%& -8K20)& €)6-Y/KK5& Z*7(˜-80%)N#78f6L-€.#8N6!O%.T.,%0ž.)%K%5:IJ'`1&94):(J:(a-&0),#+I5&NJ)J,8K5)/!J0/5 €,%+'5q9Z)`#IZ2&def/gdh/fgij/ €)6-&ƒx>A?M&FP<BQF=?@HvG>A?>B@wix>A?DyFx
S5(34#\2+7''N2)T:'3S(+,P2)8:R(,3T[WRU+c2V" !-€2.N#.R&'!-)#5:*.&'-D™&& ™™™™`J54p')-'.f-8N2M&KT%,)d˜šY#YI0I%D ss&™0)/8'ZIr™M™9-'Ia.'TJ5:2N&I#Y5J^^J78&'j%N2R™UVVWD™& ™™™™UXl&€.˜%D™&& ™nD™`J54pss4)pT#(J`%N()2D™™ˆD™!"#$$%&'()*+,-./)#012R™cd˜'345D&ˆˆD™^67-')67-8D& Wk•DkUl™ & ˆ‚ŒŠ&•WtsXnXsWttVsktsW& h ‡G>A&?>Bi“>i<&v=>BH?>vAFB&yFP’=AiGv&Uknl&{’ FP<BQF=?@H&P“{?AHGABi&GF“H< m†FP’=AiGv&›&UkkV&{’&;<=>?@AB<&CD&EFGBHFB C??&œAiGvH&œ<H<=•<@D
Renaissance Art: A Very Short Introduction, {’&;<=>?@AB<&CD&EFGBHFB&Q>H&& F=AiAB > ??’ &P “ { ?AH G < @ &AB & ƒ B i ? A H G & A B & U k k V D ‡GAH&v=>BH?>vAFB&AH&P“{?AHG<@&{’&>==>Bi<x<Bv&QAvG&‰”zF=@&…BA•<=HAv’&‹=<HH v G=F“ i G &‡ “ vv?< sŽ F =A&Ci < B y ’ & † F D R & • v @ D ‡G<&‡ G > A &< @ A v A F B &A H &v = > B H ? > v < @ &{ ’ &E > B > B ’ > &‡ = A > x s C B “ = “ y | &> B@&P“{?AHG<@& {’ & F P < B QF =?@ H &P “ { ?AH GA B i & G F “ H < R & U k n l D !"#$%&'(&)*(+,-./0123'4567879:92/(*IJ,I2'4–.[%1%-#80]1&',67-4—&KD`D&UkkV 34535p(*IJ,I2'4–.[%1%\Z+9:+q˜-(0580#YNO%.#0IJ,I2,€%TJZ+%5#+--0f‘-)2:
!"#$%&
. N%)Y#$[%I4)p0-Y&M&5 KO%.O%cd˜345&M&10 nD&YZ.O%M&')-'.f-8N2q-8žK)Ÿ&`J54pq-8žK)Ÿ&M&18 UD&`J54p3€a8š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%&M&42 uD&0%)'5a%')67-8ž.`J54p')-'.f-8N2&M&70 lD&0%)Z˜%Z%+!%0S)),^%(J35p`J54pN,#+9Y)%"&M&94 VD&[%I'€,6-.Y/KK535p!/:0O%'.J:q-8& Y/)/1')-'.f-8N2¡&M&120 XD&cd˜€$J8,*+/K')-'.f-8N2€)6-\,aŸ&M&144 WD&NJ78q-835p)d4[%INO%€)#YY˜%.')6-.&M&168 tD&')67-8)%Tq-8!#(/)#NM&`J54p35p^*TJ(',6-8ž.‘5-').f2&M&194 •D&,J'K5#.'!95M&0O%'.J:`J54g.35p4)pT#(J`%N()2`J54p&M&212 0J((J0)),4)p0%`&M&234 €.#8N6--˜%8-J8&M&236 €.#8N6--a%.'IJ7,'(J,&M&241 -[JS%.`#IZ2&M&248
!"#$%&'"()#*+,$
. n&)%‘%'-5&f%.fJ9-R&9'%;3<;=<+*",>?)R&N*.%OL ,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR&)%T&nVnUsnVnlR&& „=<H@<BR&;<x¢?@<i>?<=A<D&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<HR&£?F=<By<&21 U&TJ(9(')&K%)24¤^9^R&@29)"3"AB(+'(+&C52(212,((ADA7()E)D7,F-*2)A(8)DA)"D(/G"/ 02,&A#D#R&N*.OL%,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR&)%T&nVnVR&¥<BAy<R&;>??<=A>& @<??¦Cyy>@<xA>D&‹GFvFM&‚y>?>R&£?F=<By<&45 u& 9:',.J9K& 'T'.fJ-%9.R& 62:$'%G87;><)74H2)8:7IJ#4*?R& N*'Z,'4)%Y. 3ca.\,˜R&)%T&nllVsnllWR&£?F=<By<R&;>??<=A>&@<i?A&…z§¨AD&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A& C=yGA•<HR&£?F=<By<&49 l& 9!T%..*& 'Y55J.*R& 62:$'%G87;><)74H2*2)C(7&7R& N*.OL%,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R& 0a-.& nlWtR& ¥<BAy<R& ;>??<=A>& @<??¦Cyy>@<xA>D& ‹GFvFM& C?AB>=A& C=yGA•<HR& £?F=<By<&51 V& ,#ZSJ-#N& 0)/'.-T#5:2R& 62:$'%G87;><)74H2(?&*)KL3-R& N*.OL%,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R& )%T&nVnusnVnVR&†F?x>=R&Ž“H©<&@¦…Bv<=?AB@<BD&‹GFvFM&QQQD{=A@i<x>BD yFD“|&55 X&ZJ5,#.&)*',.^\.':-)2R&;><)74H2;=<+D#="A!8:G",M >" N"RM &\,˜\5,2'K56-YN*.%OL (%5R& )%T&nl••snVkVR&œFvG<B{“=iR&‚v&E>|F{H|A=yG<D&‹GFvFM&>|isAx>i<Hmƒ=AyG& •<HHABi&59 W&)%‘%'-5&f%.fJ9-R&:2'7''CI'2< +9'%&O*4R&N*.%OL ,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R&nVkWR&œFx<R&& ;>??<=A>&ŒF=iG<H<D&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<HR&£?F=<By<&61 t& TJ(9(')& K%)24¤^9^R& AP2)2);=<+)8:7IJ&(('-*4#2./ :2'&G")>2+32&OQ() B(+0R%>4A(8+:ST;#%)8:7IJ&(('-*4#2:879'%7"G2R& N*.OL%,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR& Z`T))1&nl•kR&¥<BAy<R&;>??<=A>&@<??¦Cyy>@<xA>D&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<HR& £?F=<By<&74
•& `J54g.cd˜T%:[%I3,)*3€a8'Y-)20#.:*R& ;3'?;=<+&7('-:8)G?:P2#8+(<2)=)8+,Q( :P2=)G&>!:2#/ 9'5(3G51O@29)"3"AB(+9'%;3<;#%9'%7IA'@2OE)D7,F;=<+=)U+V R&[%I'q*+.N*:T˜ +,6-Y.3ca.€.#8R&)%T&nltkR&¥A<BB>R&ªHv<==<AyGAHyG<&& Š>vAFB>?{A{?AFvG<|D&•†F@D&ntVWR&zF?D&nl••&79 nk&Kd€%NT:,.(2f#N'f((*M&9:',.J9K&':5&0*)25#.:%9+&35pcd˜^aT+R&T8!)[%I& '‘)N90')6-7 8&H?1A" )8:7IJW'2)*",/35pš%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%!O%5-8&:2')38,:2' B(+0)&#?OX +;:%R&35p&!d5-J %9.&:%&f%.0#595&•f•87 .a%!p'4–.`J54g.cdN˜ )˜%88%.•R&& €5/,`IZO%!%0€J.-a-.N*:O%q-8& ‘)%.'^N9K& f#N'f((*& 35p& '.)%& K-)2f&* •ž.^a-8'T˜%Y.c.#80O%3I8:˜%.q˜%8•R& nltusnltXR& £?F=<By<R& ‚D& ‡=«BAv>D&& ‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<HR&£?F=<By<&83 nn&0/+9:&,#f9f.*R&0123D>3)8,A<(9'%!99'%&O*4R&)d44¤¬.:J.'c%58N*R&nl•Usnl•lR& Š>P?<HR&‚D&CBB>&@<A&•Fx{>=@AR&>?HF&|BFQB&>H&vG<&†G“=yG&Fz&ŽFBv<F?A•<vFD& ‹GFvFM&‚y>?>R&£?F=<By<&88 nU&9!T%..*&Y#N(JN(%&)-N9f&‘—9-').(J9.R&G2&)'87:2'32&OQ()B(+&>9&C52*4, *U+V CP2;#+:2O32E)'4$B(+&3YZ),?>(+R&[%I'‘)N90(03(a8:˜T+[%I4d.4¤.¬ & N5#0.d.9:+)-YR&Z`T))1&nVukR&†G>v<>“&@<&£FBv>AB<{?<>“R&‚<AB<s<vsŽ>=B<R&& ;>??<=’&Fz&£=>B-FAH&ˆD&‹GFvFM&QQQD{=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&91 nu&,%N'(-)23€a83‘)802'‘g)2(&•ZO%8%.-+daž.3-.(2'TJ)24&'4–.\4\:˜Ta%cd˜T%:K6-& 'j.:)J0& ‘%.& Td5d'T-•R& @29&=3Q()7I00#B(+!"#$[);#%@''O2R& N*.OL%,#. Y.3ca.\,˜R&nl•XR&CBvQ<=PR&®FBAB|?A¯|&Ž“H<“x&•FF=&‚yGFB<&®“BHv<BD&& ‹GFvFM&›&ˆœ‹Cm®ˆ®R&Œ=“HH<?H&96 nl& -#5'Y)^(2& :6-')-)2R& (G83:87(?WR& [%IIJ,I230p5%+& •)p+pZ*7& U•R& nVklR& ‹=A•>v<&yF??<yvAFB&103 nV&-#.(J9K&•4g'-9)&!%9K94&-5%)*& 9Y.%9K5f*•R&'4$$\])(9(#D#/&7#&1&G&'R&& )d44¤¬.NO%)J:'K56-YZ-8Y%8NaT.& :T8(%ZO%!%03)a'8J.R& )%T& nl•Wsnl•tR&&
£=>B|z“=vR& •A<{A<iG>“H& Ž“H<“x& >?v<=& ‹?>HvA|D& ‹GFvFM& •A<{<AiG>“Hm °<QAy|<=&104 nX& '59-.%)29:& :%& TJ.^*R& @29C2::2'!U:T2#8:TR%>2+:2O1"@20!2,A';770'<21^/B(+;B)/7<2/;#%(:E)/_/("'"O27FR&4%00%35p€,•0\5˜:˜T+.OL%& Y.3ca.0)p:%1R&)%T&nVnksnVnnR&±AB@HF=R&œF’>?&•A{=>=’m‡G<&œF’>?&†F??<yvAFBD&& ›&UkklR&°<=&Ž>¯<Hv’&²“<<B&ƒ?A¨>{<vG&ˆˆ&107 nW&'59-.%)29:&:%&TJ.^*R&(2=2'0P2V 3Q(X ,IG>52OR&!J()0)),³%c.#8R&nl•Vsnl•WmtR& ŽA?>BR&=<z<yvF=’&Fz&‚D&Ž>=A>&@<??<&;=>¨A<D&‹GFvFM&‚y>?>R&£?F=<By<&115 nt& (J'^*+.R& W'2)&H,D0/ 32&'?O/ &G##2/ D'&1&'`/ GOI0;=<+(4'-7"D)R& N*.OL%,#.& Y.c6.c˜%žYR& )%T& nVuXsnVutR& £?F=<By<R& ;>??<=A>& @<i?A& …z§¨AD& ‹GFvFM&& QQQD{=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&126 n•& +%.& ‘%.& \-K2R& @29&=3Q()7I00#B(+(2'-D)#W[)?R& N*.OL%,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R& nlulR&•FB@FBR&Š>vAFB>?&;>??<=’D&‹GFvFM&QQQD{=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&132 Uk&-#5'Y)^(2&:6-')-)2R&@29&=3Q()A)&(+R&N*.%OL ,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R&nVkkR&Ž“BAyGR& C?v<&‹AB>|FvG<|D&‹GFvFM&Œ>’<=AHyG<&‚v>>vHi<x¢?@<H>xx?“Bi<B&134 Un& j#.N2& 9j5\Y.2& cd˜'+%T2R& )8::2'>4AR& N*.OL%,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R& nVuuR& •FB@FBR& Š>vAFB>?&;>??<=’D&‹GFvFM&QQQD{=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&138 UU&5-').9f&5-(9(R&#4&0'&*?O/12#";('-R&N*.%OL ,#.Y.c6.c˜%žY&•oa%+9-.,%!%0 3ca.\,˜•R&)%T(˜.Z`T))1&nVukR&•FB@FBR&Š>vAFB>?&;>??<=’D&‹GFvFM&QQQD {=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&148 Uu&(J'^*+.&•(JfJ-%9.&'T'^55*9-•R&1?)8,;=<+(4'-7"D)R&N*.OL%,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR&0a-.& nVutR&£?F=<By<R&;>??<=A>&@<i?A&…z§¨AD&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<H&nVn
Ul& •N#..J1e%.Ta%'4–.•& ,%)2K#N& 0*)%)2(N2& cd˜'+%T2R& '2H")?&(#"*2&7N>?V/ a/ ;=<+ (8+:ST/ b@29&=3Q();=<+G"AH-#?O-cR& )%T& nV•UR& •FB@FBR& Š>vAFB>?& ‹F=v=>Av& ;>??<=’&161 UV& 5%TJ'.*+& ‘-.(%.%R& @29&=3Q()A)&(+/ 9'5(3G51O,21'87EH5/ 0?O-7('-G/ B2A8X+@29/;#%02,D*&)R&nVWWR&œFx<R&Ž“H<F&@<??¦Cyy>@<xA>&Š>¨AFB>?<& @A&‚>B&•“y>&165 UX& f%.9:)& Y-((J'^55*R& SG4E7K35d#"R& N*'Z,'4)%Y.3ca.\,˜R& )%T& nlWtR&& £?F=<By<R&;>??<=A>&@<i?A&…z§¨AD&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<H&172 UW& ^a%8'f)%,J0.J).%,^%TY%'5.'f*+R& &=OQ(:9'5(33Q(C87/ e/ B52+A:;A<+ G51O#1G#2OE7K35;#%,8J#8:TR-$'%CP2A'%:4#&3G"H?R& 'K)67-8'K56-Y:J.'c%R&& )%T& nlXVsnl•UR& •FB@FBR& Œ=AvAHG& Ž“H<“xD& ›& ‡=“Hv<<H& Fz& vG<& Œ=AvAHG& Ž“H<“x&175 Ut&`J54g..J).%,^%T‘5-').f2R&02,D*&)9'5(3@2962::2'$'%#(+OI>N->?V C8AI'8,*2)A2D0'&HR& N*'Z,'4)%I)˜-,)a-8)-+q-80%)'K56-Y'8J.Y.3ca.\,˜& f•784)p0-Y58Y.€*Y\,˜'K56-YZ-8R& )%T& nlVVsnlXVR& •FB@FB& ›& Š>vAFB>?& ;>??<=’&nWW U•& 5-').9f& 0J 3 Y)2 (* & •--03YY•R& 9'%;3< ; #%9'%7I A 'R& :J . 'c%58N* R& )%TZ`T))1&nlUksnlukR&£?F=<By<R&Ž“H<F&Œ>=@ABA&179 uk&•N#..J1e%.Ta%'4–.•&Y%)29(95',9-&:J&‘)d9-f*9.&•Œ>=vF?Fx<F&@A&£=“FHABF•R& F2G;=<+:2'E=5:P2&)"G@29&Gf:d45H2O&$#Q(OR& N*'Z,'4)%R& Z-8KO%35p'8J.& Y.3ca.\,˜R&nlUtR&‹=A•>v<&†F??<yvAFB&185 un&4—'(-)2& 'Y)-'0J5&cd˜-%T/9NR&:2''<1+=#<)B(+("02'8,R&N*.OL%,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR& )%T&nVVVR&Œ=“HH<?HR&Ž“H©<H&œF’>“”&@<H&Œ<>“”sC=vH&@<&Œ<?iA´“<&188
uU&`J54g..J).%,^%T‘5-').f2R&:2'$'%=2'H?1"A/C"D'#2D3/*2D1)2D'#2/E)$g/ a_hi/R/C8A'I ,8 &G##2*"JJ(&'?O;=<+W#(&')*-/9'5(3G51O'4$$\)] /j32'-*(0D0k/ ;#%/jC4GN" k/G52)=)52!2#2:#2+$'%CP2&3Q(+R&N*.%OL ,#.Y.3ca.\,˜R&(˜.`(T))1Z*7& nXR&£?F=<By<R&Ž“H<F&@A&‚>B&Ž>=yFD&‹GFvFM&C?AB>=A&C=yGA•<H&196 uu& 9:.%'(595& •9:.%9(& :J& .JK9K95& :J& 'Y(9(& Y%)2:J•R& C4G"NA8G!?'T%B(+ DLD#&W('-&),R& NO%)J:R& 05%8`(T))1Z*7& nV& R&£?F=<By<R&‹>?>¨¨F&¥<yyGAFD& ‹GFvFM&‚y>?>R&£?F=<By<&204 ul& ,J'K5#.'!95& Y#T.%)29)(JR& G21"GR& €J.-a-.R& nVklR& £?F=<By<R& ;>??<=A>& @<??¦Cyy>@<xA>&207 uV&'Y.'T.d9(&'^55J.R* &&$('-&*?O,FQ(!?'T%B(+&3G4*2R&)d44¤.¬ NO%)J:Y.e%.€J. -a-.35pNO%)J:R&£?F=<By<R&‹A>¨¨>&@<??>&‚AiBF=A>R&•FiiA>&@<A&•>B¨AD&‹GFvFM& ‚y>?>R&£?F=<By<&209 uX& ,J'K5#.'!95& Y#T.%)29)(JR& :P2&)"G(G83R& [%I'‘)N90R& )%T& nVktsnVnUR& ¥>vAy>BR&‚AHvAB<&†G>P<?D&‹GFvFM&QQQD{=A@i<x>BDyFD“|&217
10
Renaissance
Art
-."/."0123)4
. & NO%€)#Y.#0`•01%:˜%.4)pT#(`J %N()2`5J 4p&9:+'šI%pcdZ˜ &*7 N.ž!+/K')-'.f-8N2'4–.IJ'`1& ‘5-').f2K6-',6-8ž.³¤.& 'I)%p Z*7.#7.K6-IJIJS[#"µ205%83!˜8Z*7,*8%.`J54p!#:3N:8-+daZ#7TZ/0€. 3€a8&\,aT%a !p'4–.&DG3;=<+3=21"=2'W#(&')*-&³—,-6 0%)--03YY q-8& ‘g5J494& Y)d'.5'5NK*& $'%A4;=<+,'1+,1''0-/ blmnop/ qr/ smtmuvpoc&q-8&5-').9f&0J3Y)2(*& !J()0)),&:P2&)"G1?)8,/bwxo/ yvtnx/qr/zo{|pc&35p&SG4E7K35d#"/ bstv}m~otmc/&q-8&f%.9:)&& Y-((J'^55*& [%I'q*+.N*.OL%,#.& ;3<9'%'87,2'& b•{{|{€vmnvq{c&& c58%.ž.+/K3)0')J7,q-8&'59-.%)29:&:%&TJ.^*& 35pc58%.-67.¶&& -* 0 ,%0,%+.# Y \,a o ˜ T .& -+a % 8\)0~ ( %,& ,* N o%.Z*7 3 €a 8 €.•7 8 Z*7 .#0')*+.`J54p35p.#0Za-8'Z*+7 TZ*,7 ž* !)#0`J54pZ/0K.(˜-8\4'+6-. €%0,*9-0%N\:˜,%‘5-').f2& No%.Z*73€a8.#L.0~K6-IJIJS[#"µ2Z*7 ,*^67-Ta%&0#5'5')*+&':5&-#KK%':',*+&•;>??<=A>&@<??¦Cyy>@<xA>•& & -#.Z*!7 )J8&0#5'5')*+&':5&-#KK%':',*+&\,a\:˜,q* .%:ž€$a9(& -p\)& -* 0 Z#L 8 8%.`J 5 4pZ*7 !# : 3N:8-+d a [ %+ž.0~ o6 - Ta % .˜ - +.J :& €%0'Z*+Y0#YIJIJS[#"µ2€5#0q-8',6-8-+a%8-/‘‘gf*&•…z§¨A•&ZTa% c58%.^JL.€.•78ž..#L.05#Y:•8:d:cd˜K.!%0Z#7T950ž€˜,%+6.(a-3oT& +%T'€+*+:'I*+8'I67-!p,*9-0%N\:˜^67.^,,#.ž05˜¶& o˜%€%0K/" '4–.K.(67.'^˜%€)6-':J.Z%8,%‘5-').f2ž.^aT8]:d€.%T&ž^˜'T5% 3Ka\,a0*7.%Z*0~-%!'q˜%\4o•8€˜-8q%+(#·T& 3(a9:+Z#7T\4& €%0\,a
A
Very Short Introduction
11
\:˜!-8(#·T,%5aT8€.˜%& K/"-%!(˜-8(a-3oT-+da.%.€5%+^#7T9,8& -+a%8\)0~(%,&I5#.Z*7K/"0˜%T'q˜%\4ž.IJIJS[#"µ235p':J.()8\4& (%,Z%8€5#0!.o•8€˜-89o8Z*7^67-Z)JYd.%& ••>& ‡=A{“B>•& NJ78Z*7 4)%0¸-+da'Y6L-8€.˜%-%!ZO%ž€˜K/"56,KT%,'€.~:'€.67-+',67-+5˜% \4!.NJL.&& & "& 05%8€˜-89o8.#L.& [%+ž(˜€5#8K%9:,0)p!0Z*7,*3N8 -%ZJ(+2N-a 8ca%.'q˜%,%&K6-!/:€,%+Z*Z7 0/ K.'³b%)-&)d44¤.¬ 30pN5#0& €J.-a-.N*q%Tq.%:Nd80Ta%& V& ',()Z*7^67-& G21"G& c58%.q-8&& ,J'K5#.'!95&Y#T.%)29)(J&`J54g.-#!š)J+p3€a8+/K')-'.f-8N2&€%0 'Z*+Y0#Yc58%.ž.+/K0a-.€.˜%&.*o7 -6 '4–.K)#8L 3)0Z*&7 G21"G&':~0€./,a & ž.(O%.%.cd˜€%$05˜%--0\4(a-0)0#Y+#01290\5-#S:˜T+€.#8+%8 'I*+8-#.':*+T& 4)%0¸ž.)d4q-8^%+€./a,'456-+3Z.Z*7!p'4–. ':~0€./a,Z*7+#8\,a4)pN%& .-0!%0.*L& `J54g.+#8'56-0Z*7!p3N:8ž€˜ '€~.&G21"G&ž.^#T7 q"p0a-.Z*!7 p--0\4'c^J$€.˜%0#Y+#01290\5-#S& ,%00Ta%(-.Z*7\:˜)#Y^#+^.p35˜T& & NO%€)#Ycd˜^,NaT.ž€$až.4¤!!/Y#.& G21"G& :dN8a%8%,35p N8Y.J78[%+ž(˜3N8S)),^%(Jž.€˜-8Z*7--03YYq•L.,%NO%€)#Y'q% 9:+'šI%p& )a%80%+-#.'456-+'45a%q-8^%+€./a,3N:8ž€˜'€~. 05˜%,'.6-L ,./1+2-+a%8N,!)J8!..a%Z•87 &KT%,N,!)J8!..a%Z•87 .*'L -8& Z*7ZO%ž€˜-T#+Tp€.•78q-8&G21"G&od0.O%\4c5J(fOL%ž.€5%+)d43YY 35p05%+'4–.q-8³%0+-:.J+,& f•78,*(#L83(a[%I94N0%)2:35p 94N'(-)2& 'N6L-+6:& c˜%0#.'4¹¬-.& 35p0%8'08^#L.ž.& \4!.o•83ca. 3,a'€5~0(J:(d˜'+~.35pIT80/$3!& -%!05a%T\:˜Ta%,#.05%+'4–. N#$5#01"2€.•78q-8',6-8‘5-').f2\435˜T\,aTa%!p(#L8ž!€)6-\,a
12
Renaissance
Art
0~(%,& -+a%8\)0~:*& €%0')%,-8I˜.!%0-T#+Tp.#L.\4NdaNaT.-67.¶& 35pž^˜'T5%'Ia8IJ.!J )d44¤.¬ .*-L +a%8ž05˜^:J :˜T+0%)':J.T.\4)-Y¶& •8%.^J.L .*NL %,%)o^,\:˜3YY&uXk&-8`%•&')%!p')J,7 '€~.Ta%[%+ž(˜& žY€.˜%Z*N7 8Y.J87 &:T8(%q-8&G21"G&0O%5#8'Ia8,-8--0\4q˜%8€.˜% -+a%8,*N,%SJ35p'(~,\4:˜T+KT%,K)/a.KJ:&35p3,˜Za%+6.q-8'q% !p:dNY%+¶&3(a',6-7 ,-8\4Z*,7 -6 q˜%8qT%Z*07 %O 5#80O%0˜-.€J.-+d&a ')% !p)d˜\:˜Z#.Z*Ta%& G21"G& .a%!p,*KT%,0#8T5ž!-+da,Jž^a.˜-+& '€~.\:˜ !%0-%0%)'0)~8!.'N˜.'56-:4d:q•L.,%-+a%8^#:'!.& ',67-)T,'q˜% 0#Y(O%.%.ž.0%)N)˜%8N))K2q-8,J'K5#.'!95&`J54g.cd˜45:45a-+& G21"G&--0!%00˜-.€J.Z*7od0ZJL8\T˜ž€˜'N67-,N5%+&35pY))+%0%` Z*7od0)#8N))K2q•L.ž€˜'€,6-.-+daž.TJ€%)`#0:J_NJZSJ_&)d44¤¬.&G21"G&!•8 05%+'4–.T#(o/Z'*7 )%^6.7 ^,35p'^J:^dž.e%.p8%.`J54p^J.L '-09:+ `J54g.-#!š)J+p & 3(a€%0')%.#78'K)67-8+˜-.'T5%05#Y\4',67-& Vkk& 0Ta%4— 0a-.ž.T#.Z*7&G21"G&od0N)˜%8q•L.&')%-%!(˜-83450ž!Z*7\,a,*žK),% +6.(a-KJT'I67-^67.^,KT%,8%,q-8&G21"G/.-0!%0.*L&G21"G&ž.+/K .#.L 0~\,a\:˜f-a .(#T,J:^J:-+dža .IJISJ [#"µ2-.# N8Y'8*+Y'^a.4¤!!/Y.# & €%03(a+.6 ()p€8a%.-+a%89::':a.-+d€a .˜%`%5%05%84)p!O%',6-8 ‘5-').f2&"&!#()/ N# ':55%fJ$$-')*+&•‹A>¨¨>&@<??>&‚AiBF=A>•&f•87 o6-'4–.`d.+205%80%)40K)-8q-8.K)‘5-').f2&•)d44¤¬.&G21"G& Z*7(#L8-+da€.˜%`%5%05%8ž.4¤!!/Y#.'4–.(#T!O%5-8•& Z*7NO%K#$Z*7N/:& G21"G&\,a\:˜o0d N)˜%8q•.L 'I6-7 ž€˜^%T‘5-').f2\:˜:,67 :O%7 ž.KT%,8%, €)6-KT%,N)˜%8N))K2q-8`J54g.&•3,˜T%a ,J'K5#.'!95!p,*KT%,'€~. Z*(7 %a 8--0\4•&€%03(a'I6-7 ž^˜'4–.N#$5#01"2ZN*7 -67 .#+Z%80%)',6-8&
A
Very Short Introduction
13
q-805/a,cd˜40K)-8ž.)pY-Yž€,a-+a%8^#:'!.& ž.q"pZ*7')%-%! 0O%5#8N#YN.-+d.a .#L &'K)6-7 8+˜-.'T5%!pI%')%05#Y,%+#8+/K4¤!!/Y.# & 35p€%0')%+#8N8N#+Ta%K.N,#+')-'.f-8N2,-8& G21"G& (a%8!%0 ')%-+a%8\)35p'I)%p'€(/ž:& G21"G& ž.+/K.#L.\,až^a8%.`J54p& ^J.L '-03YYZ*'7 )%'q˜%ž!€)-0€)6-&€.#8N6-'5a,'5~0¶&.*-L %!!pI-ž€˜& KO%(-Yž.'Y6L-8(˜.0#Y')%\:˜ & ž.&!"#$%&'(&)*(+,-./0123'4567879:92&'!-)#5:*.&'-D& !-€2.N#.&`%N()%!%)+2:%˜ .4)pT#(`J %N()2`5J 4º3€a8,€%TJZ+%5#+& --0f‘-)2:& !pI%')%+˜-.'T5%05#Y\4+#8+/9)4N,#+`(T))1Z*7& nVsnX&-*0K)#8L &'I6-7 IJ!%)"%c58%.`J54p€5%0€5%+4)p'[Z!%0 +/K')-'.f-8N2&9:+!p^aT+^*žL €˜'€~.Ta%NJ87 Z*'7 )%,-8'€,6-.€)6-(a%8 !%0K.ž.N,#+')-'.f-8N2-+a%8\)&35p'I)%p'€(/ž:!•8'4–.'^a..#.L & )T,Z#L8.O%'N.-q˜-o0'o*+8€5#0¶& ž.0%)`•01%4)pT#(J`%N()2 `J54p')-'.f-8N2ž€˜')%\:˜KJ:TJ'K)%p€20#.(a-& 3.a.-.Ta%:˜T+ '.6L-Z*7-#.!O%0#:& cd˜'q*+.K8\,aN%,%)oY-0'5a%Z/0NJ78Z*7'0*7+Tq˜-8 0#Y`J54p+/K')-'.f-8N2\:˜Z8#L €,:&)T,Z#8L \,aN%,%)oq+%+KT%, €)6-585•0\4ž.)%+5p'-*+:45*0+a-+&3(a:˜T+0%)€+JY+0'šI%p 4)p':~.NO%K#$&0%)KJ:TJ'K)%p€2ca%.c58%.€5%0€5%+4)p'[Z& 35p0%)(#L8KO%o%,'4–.)p+p& 0~^aT+.O%cd˜-a%.--0\4Nda4)J,"µ5 q-8KT%,)d˜35pKT%,KJ:^/:ž€,a¶& & NO % €)# Y .# 0 `• 0 1%:˜ % .`J 5 4p& €.# 8 N6 - '5a , .*L ! pZO % ž€˜ N%,%)oKJ:TJ'K)%p€28%.`J54pž.,J(JZ*70T˜%835p5•00Ta%':J,& NO%€)#Ycd˜-a%.Z#7T\4& 3,˜!p'4–.')67-8Ka-.q˜%8'šI%pZ%8& 3(a€%0 '4–.cd˜Z*7N.ž!`J54p35p38a,/,Z%84)pT#(J`%N()2& cd˜3450~'^67-Ta%
14
Renaissance
Art
€.#8N6-'5a,.*!L pZO%ž€˜c-˜d %a .,*,,/ ,-8(a-`J54p(a%8\4!%0':J,35p ZO%ž€˜0%)^,8%.`J54p,*-))o)N,%0+J78q•L.& .-0!%0.*L& NO%€)#Y cd˜Z*7N.ž!!p`•01%35pK˜.KT˜%'IJ7,'(J,&cd˜'q*+.+#8\:˜!#:ZO%)%+^67-& €.#8N6--a%.'IJ,7 '(J,¡&)T,Z#8L & -[JS%.`#IZ2¡&•KO%Z*,7 '* K)6-7 8€,%+&»•&& \T˜ž€˜35˜Tž.NaT.Z˜%+q-8€.#8N6-&& & 0%)345€.#8N6-'5a,.*L'4–.8%.Z*7N./035pZ˜%Z%+& q"p ':*+T0#.0~(˜-8ž^˜I5#88%.35pKT%,^aT+'€56-!%0€5%+Za%.&& cd˜345q-q-YK/"Z*,8%.&FP<BQF=?@H&9:+'šI%pK/"[d,J&.OL%T5&& 35pK/"Y/$^#+& 3fa'8*L+T& NO%€)#YKT%,,/,%.pž.0%)()T!30˜ (˜.šY#Y35p0%)ZO%8%.-+a%8,/a8,#7.(#L8ž!f•78^aT+ž€˜€.#8N6-'5a,.*L& N,Yd)"2,%0+J78q•L.& Z#L8.*L€%0,*q˜-cJ:I5%:4)p0%)ž:& o6-'4–. KT%,)#YcJ:^-Yq-8cd˜3453(a'I*+8cd˜':*+T ZN8kk2/&V'lQ3()T'8:mS#.T%K,&UVVW & R32Q&RVTn45W$# & '.67-8!%0€.#8N6-'5a,.*L'(~,\4:˜T+^67-Y/KK535p`#IZ2'šI%p€5%+ [%1%&cd3˜ 45!•8I+%+%,o-:'N*+8ž€˜ž05˜'K*+80#Y[%1%(˜.šY#Y,%0Z*N7 :/ NO%€)#Y .O%\4ž^˜-%˜ 8-J8ž.-.%K(&:˜T+'€(/.&*L (#TNp0:[%1%\Z+Y%8NaT.-%!\,a()80#Y (#TNp0:[%1%-#80]1Z*47 )%0¸-+d[a %+ž.'5a,&Z#8L .*&L €%0,*q-˜ cJ:I5%:4)p0%)ž:&& o6-'4–.KT%,Y0I)a-8q-8cd˜3453(a'I*+8cd˜':*+T
3:a&K)JN&Y/)/1')-'.f-8N2q-8š#.
!"#$%&'(&)*(+,.
/012'3456768981
RENAISSANCE ART t A
Very
Short
Introduction
by
Geraldine A. Johnson
:$#;<=
>?7@@1A&B'C=2()D'79E-
$556789
/& YZ.O%M&')-'.f-8N2q-8탑K)타&`J54pq-8탑K)타
A
Very Short Introduction
19
o!"#$%p/q),38Q&'(&)*(+,-r 4—.#L.K6-4—&nWXt&9+j#..2&9T52‘0#8&‘-.&'0-'S&•EFG>BB& ±F?zi>Bi& •FB& ;F<vG<•& f•78q"p.#L.'4–.'I*+8.#0`•01%:˜%. 0¼€,%+&3(a-0* \,a.%.!p05%+'4–.0T*35p.#04)#^$%cd,˜ ^* -67 'N*+8 Z*7N/:q-8'+-),.*&\:˜0˜%T'q˜%\4ž.IJIJS[#"µ2`J54p3€a8ž€,aq-8 ':)N':.&•„=<H@<B•&'4–.K)#8L 3)035pY))+%+Y))+%0%`'-%\T˜T%a & DDD& KT%,'8*+YN8#:3ca40K5/,\4Z#7T& 0a-ž€˜'0J:KT%,)d˜N•0 N8Y-+a % 8.a % 4)p€5%:& K5˜ % +K5• 8 0# Y KT%,)d ˜ N• 0 +%, 'q˜%\4ž.TJ,%.q-8I)p'!˜%& 35pKT%,)d˜N•0.#L.+J78:J785•0& ',67 - \:˜ ' €~ . q˜ % Tq-8Z*7!#:3N:8-+da[%+ž.& '^a.':*+T0#Y& (# T TJ € %)& IT0,# . K6 - 'K)67 - 8Yd ^ %ž.No%.Z*7 f•7 8 -/ ZJ ` 3:a& !/:€,%+-#.`#0:J_NJZSJ_q-8`J54p&
20
Renaissance
Art
€.•87 ž.c58%.Z*'7 0-'S.a%!p,*9-0%N\:˜^.67 ^,K6-&9'%;3< ;=<+*",>?)/b•vpnv{o/‚muq{{mcn&q-8)%‘%'-5U&•[%I4)p0-Y&n•&& f•78I)p'!˜%--0#N(#NZ*7&u&3€a83f09f.*u&cd˜K)-8.K)':)N':.&\:˜& ,%\T˜ž.K)-YK)-8',67-4—& nWVl&3(a4¤!!/Y#.')%K/˜.'K+0#Y[%I.*L& !%0)d4ž.0%)2:T#.K)JN(2,%N& 94N'(-)2& 35pq-8Z*7)p5•0(a%8¶&& f•78,#03N:8[%IKda'ZT:%(#T.˜-+!OL%,O7%& NO%€)#Y'0-'S& 0%)\:˜^,& [%I'^a..*Lž.Y))+%0%`'8*+YN8#:q-8€-`J54º':)N':.'4–. 4)pNY0%)"2 Z*7 ž 05˜ ' K* + 80# Y 4)pNY0%)"2 Z %8`%N.%& 8%. !J()0)),'€5a%.*L\:˜)#Y0%)Yd^%ž.e%.p-./N)"23€a8KT%,8%,& q-8'€5a%`J54g.-#!š)J+pcd˜,*No%.p0•78'ZI'!˜%& 0)pZ#78Z/0T#..*L& 'T5%')%,-88%.!J()0)),&4)p(J,%0)),&35p[%I5%+'N˜.q-8& `J54g.cd+˜ 8J7 ž€$aN,#+')-'.f-8N2-+a%8'^a.)%‘%'-5&Z*!7 :# 3N:8ž.& IJIJS[#"µ2`J54p:˜T+Y))+%0%`\,a(a%8!%09YNo2TJ€%)& ')%'-8& 0~4¸JY#(J(a-c58%.'€5a%.#L.)%T0#YT#(o/5OL%Ka%Z*78:8%,KT)Kda30a& 0%)Yd^%35p0%)'Ia8IJ.J!!.'06-Y5•0\4o•8!J(TJ$$%" -+a%8\)0~:*&cd˜^,[%I&9'%;3<;=<+*",>?)&ž.`(T))1Z*7& nX&\,a\:˜,-8Ta%`%N.%'4–.'I*+8(#T3Z.-+a%8€.•87 q-80%)3N:8 KT%,^67.^,`J54p& ZTa%IT0'q%'c^J$€.˜%0#Yc58%.'€5a%.*Lž. Y)JYZIJS*0)),Z%8`%N.%!)J8¶& .#7.'I)%p& 9'%;3<;=<+*",>?)& \,a\:˜'4–.3Ka8%.`J54p:#8Z*'7 0-'S€)6-IT0')%ž.4¤!!/Y.# 'q˜%ž!0#.& ()80# . q˜ % ,& €.˜ % Z*7 NO% K# $ 3)0N/ : q-8c58%.^JL . :# 8 05a % TK6 0%)'4–.[%I'K%)IYd^%Z*7,*T#(o/4)pN8K2'šI%p'!%p!8ž.0%) 4)p0-YIJS*0)),&05a%T-+a%8N#L.¶&K6-'4–.š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%&& •>?v>=PA<y<•»&.#7.'-8
A
Very Short Introduction
21
s29$'%:(7/j&)%‘%'-5&f%.fJ9-R&9'%;3<;=<+*",>?)R&N*.OL%,#.Y.c6.c˜%žYR& )%T&nVnUsnVnl
22
Renaissance
Art
')%!pIJ!%)"%š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%ž.e%.pZ*7'4–.8%. `J54p4)p'[Z&•i<B=<•»&€.•780#.ž.YZZ*7&U&3(aNO%€)#Y(-..*L&'4–. ')67-8NO%K#$,%0Z*7')%(˜-8'q˜%ž!0#.0a-.Ta%& \,aTa%[%I'€5a%.#L.& !p:dK/˜.(%N#0'I*+8ž:& ')%(˜-8\,aZ•0Z#0'-%'-8Ta%')%& '€~.¡& [%I'€5a%.#L.3YY':*+T0#Ycd˜^,ž.N,#+')-'.f-8N2& -#.Z*7!)J8 ')%(˜-8IJ!%)"%3.TKT%,KJ:')67-8& `J54p¡& [%+ž(˜Y)JYZca%.&& :T8(%3€a8+/KN,#+¡&•P<=AF@&<’<•l&q-8cd^˜ ,ž.`(T))1Z*&7 nVsnX&& :#8Z*7')%!p\:˜'€~.(a-\4Ta%8%.!J()0)),& 4)p(J,%0)),& 35p& [%I5%+'N˜.!O%.T.,%0q-8`J54g.')-'.f-8N2Z*7!#:3N:8ž. IJIJS[#"µ2+/K4¤!!/Y#.€)6-\:˜)#Y0%)'^J:^d!%0€.#8N6-.O%'Z*7+T& Z#8L €5%+ž.e%.p8%.`J54p^#.L +-:&3Z˜!)J835˜T,J\:˜o0d 4)p',J.Ka% ž.:˜%.KT%,8%,'4–.€5#0'I*+8-+a%8':*+T& €%03(aod0,-8Ta% '4–.T#(o/Z*7ca%.0%)'56-0N))[%IN#$5#01"2& •AyFBFi=>PG’•»& -+a%8IJo*IJo#.& 35pod0)#8N))K2q•L.'I67-ZO%€.˜%Z*7'šI%p'!%p!8 Z#L8ž.Z%895035pZ%8`%N.%& c58%.'€5a%.*LTJT#½.%0%),%!%0 q.YS)),'.*+,'0a%30aZ*7+#8K8:O%'.J.\4-+a%8(a-'.67-8& ZTa%'4–. ž.N,#+')-'.f-8N2.*L'-8Z*73.TKJ:N,#+ž€,a'0*7+T0#Y& `J54p¡& •ž.e%.p`%N()2-#.Nd8Na8•&)T,Z#L83.TKJ:-67.¶&Z*7'0*7+Tq˜-8')J7, 0a-(#Tq•L.& -%ZJ& No%.pq-8`J54g.ž.e%.p-#!š)J+pcd˜N)˜%8N))K2& KT%,NO%K#$q-8KT%,KJ:)J')J7,& •'€.6-')67-8q-8Z#01p8%.³—,6-•& Z*7\:˜05%+'4–.:#^.*^*LT#:K/"Ka%q-88%.`J54p& 35p0%)ž€˜KT%, NO%K#$0#Y0%).O%€5#0'0"µ2:˜%.N/.Z)*+`%N()2,%ž^˜(#:NJ.8%. `J54p& -#.'4–.€#Tq˜-Z*7')%!pIJ!%)"%0#.N#L.¶& ž.YZ.*L& 35p!p& 585•0+J78q•L.ž.YZ(a-¶&\4
A
Very Short Introduction
23
9"Z2'N2&'(&)*(+,-:8)(l:0'8t+ \,a'I*+8KO%Ta%& `J54p¡&'Za%.#L.Z*7')%!p(˜-8IJ!%)"%0#.& ž€˜o*7o˜T.& 3Z˜!)J835˜TKO%Ta%& ')-'.f-8N2¡& ž.^67-€.#8N6-'5a,.*L& f#Yf˜-.0Ta%Z*7')%'€~.3TY3)0& KO%:#805a%T,*KT%,€,%+(%,& (#T-#01)Ta%& 0%)'0J:ž€,a¡&•=<{A=vG•&3(a9:+Z#7T¶&\4,#0od0'^67-, 9+8'q˜%0#Y0%)‘¹¬.‘d35p.T#(0)),ž.€5%+5#01"p'N*+,%00Ta%& (#T-+a%8'^a.& ')%-%!Id:o•8& j%)2'5~,')-'.f-8N2¡& •°>=?<x&& œ<B>AHH>By<•& 'I67--SJY%+^/,^.Z%8`J54p& :.()*& 0%)'(˜.)O%& 35pT))"0)),q-8^%T-',)J0#.'^6L-N%+3-‘)J0#.Z*7'K567-.\€T& -+daž..JT+-)20^aT8Z`T))1& n•Uk& ž.q"pZ*7Y/KK5.#Y(#L83(a& 'Y.!%,J.&3‘)8K5J.V&\4!.o•8&N(*‘&!-YN2&3€a83-4'4g5&5˜T.& od0')*+0Ta%& Y/)/1')-'.f-8N2¡&•œ<B>AHH>By<&x>B•&'.67-8!%0& IT0'q%,* K T%,N.ž!-# . €5%0€5%+35p,* 3 .TKJ : ž.0%) N)˜%8N))K2NJ78ž€,a¶& 3(a€%0')%(˜-80%)ž^˜3.TKJ:.*L(%,KT%,€,%+ž.'^J8 4)pT#(J`%N()2,%00Ta%ž.'^J8'4)*+Y'4)+& ')%(˜-8(#L8KO%o%,Ta%& 3.TKJ:.*L')J7,.O%,%ž^˜K)#L83)0',67-ž:35pž.,J(J\€.& .#0TJ^%0%) Na T .ž€$a ' €~ . I˜ - 8Ta % 3.TKJ : ')67 - 8')-'.f-8N2 & •,J ž ^a (# T KO % •& N%,%)oN6YK˜.05#Y\4+#8-J(%5*N,#+`(T))1Z*7& nl& I)˜-,0#Y 0%)-/Y#(Jq•L.q-85#ZSJ,./1+.J+,& •G“x>BAHx•»& ž.^aT8'T5%.#L.& .#04)pI#.S2-+a%8'4()%0X& 35pY-KK#^9^W& ')J7,€T.05#Y\4€%& 950+/KK5%NNJ0N,#+0)*035p9),#.35˜Tt& IT0'q%,/a8KT%,N.ž!& \4Z*70%)‘¹¬.‘d[%1%35pq.YZ%84¤$$%q-8-%)+S)),Z*7Nd$NJL.&
24
Renaissance
Art
\4^˜%.%.&ž.^aT805%8`(T))1Z*&7 nX&!J()0)35p.#04)pT#(`J %N()2& `J54º.%,&!-)29!&T%f%)*& •;AF=iAF&¥>H>=A•&ž^˜KO%Ta%&'")2,H"A2/ btv{mp€vnmc&€)6-& ')-'.f-8N2¡&(%,[%1%-J(%5*&\,a'I*+8'I6-7 -˜%8-J8 o•80%)‘¹.¬ ‘d,%()e%.Z%8`J540)),35p(˜.3YY:˜%.T))"0)), !%0+/KK5%NNJ0-+a%8^#:'!.& 3(a+#8'I67-3+0`J54pž.+/Kq-8(. --0!%0`J54p+/K05%8&•Ž<@A<•>?••&Z*'7 IJ87 05%+'4–.-:*(&€)6-ž. -*0.#+€.•87 &NO%€)#YT%f%)*35˜T& 0%)'0J:ž€,a¡&,J\:˜€,%+o•83Ka0%) ‘¹.¬ ‘dT½ # .S)),[%Iq-8-%)+S)),0)*035p9),#.9Y)%"'Za%.#.L & €%03(a+#8o6-'4–.0%)3+0`J54p')-'.f-8N2--0!%08%.+/K& 0a-.€.˜%Z*7,#0od0,-8Ta%& ,6:,.¡&•@>=|•nk&35p^T.€:€da&3Z˜!)J8& 35˜T0%)()p€.#0)d˜Ta%(.'-8-+da& "& !/:ž:ž.4)pT#(J`%N()2& )d˜Ta% (.'-835pT#½.S)),ž.+/KN,#+q-8(.3(0(a%8!%0-:*(& Z#L8 -:*(-#.ž05˜35p-#.\05&-%!'4–.K/"5#01"p9::':a.Z*N7 :/ q-8+/K& ')-'.f-8N2Z*7'^J:^dKT%,'4–.,./1+2'€.6-NJ78-67.ž: (#L83(a^aT805%8`(T))1Z*7& n•& .#04)pT#(J`%N()2-+a%8& +%K-Y& Yd)20j%)2:(2& •E>yF{& Œ“=y|G>=@v•nn& ZO%ž€˜3.TKJ:Z*7Ta%& ')-'.f-8N2'4–.+/KZ%84)pT#(J`%N()2f•783(0(a%835p,*KT%,& ()p€.#0ž.(#T(.Nd8\:˜)Y# KT%,.J+,-+a%8,%0!.o6-'4–.(˜.3YY& q-8950N,#+ž€,aZ*7')%-%`#+-+daž.4¤!!/Y#.& •f•78,*KT%,()p€.#0& ž.(#T(.Nd8+J87 q•.L \4-*0•&35p'4–.Yd)02 j%)2:(2-0* '^a.0#.Z*.7 %O 'N.KT%,KJ:')67-8.*L\T˜-+a%8^#:'!.'4–.K.3)0ž.€.#8N6-')67-8& wxo/ ƒv~v„v…mnvq{/ qr/ nxo/ †o{mvppm{€o/ v{/ ‡nm„ˆ& •ntXk•& 'q%'€~.Ta%& ')-'.f-8N2K6-+/KZ*7& ,./1+23€a8!#0)T%5¡&•“BA•<=H>?&x>B•&cd˜,* KT%,N%,%)o-#.€5%0€5%+&,/a8,#7.ž.0%).O%-:*(N,#+K5%NNJ0&
A
Very Short Introduction
25
,%'4–.3,a3YY3€a83)8Y#.:%5ž!'I67-N)˜%8N))K2+/Kž€,a3€a80%) (67.)d˜Z%84¤$$%ž.`%N()2€5%03q.8&(#L83(aTJZ+%`%N()2&`J54p& \4!.o•80%)',6-8& -#.'4–.4)p':~.Z*7')%!p05#Y,%K/+0#.-*0K)#L8 ž.YZZ*&7 l&9:+')%!p`•01%YZY%Zq-80%)N#8'0(S)),^%(J-+a%8 ž05˜^:J 35p0%).O%3YY-+a%8!%0N,#+9Y)%",%ž^˜N)˜%8N))K28%. `J54pN,#+')-'.f-8N2& NO%€)#Y3.TKJ:q-8Yd)20j%)2:(2'0*7+T0#Y& Y/)1/ ')-'.f-8N2¡&ž.-/:,K(J&ž.e%.p&(4D(D3/(4);" 1'-*2&#&•|q}q/ |{v~otpm„o&345()8(#TTa%,./1+23€a8!#0)T%5•&!p05#Y,%-*0K)#L8& ž.YZZ*7& V& 9:+')%!p`•01%`J54p0%)T%:[%I'€,6-.Y/KK5&& •PF=v=>Av“=<•&Z*07 5%+,%'4–.8%.`J54p4)p'[Z€.•87 3€a8+/K&ž.q"p Z*N7 o%.p35pYZY%Zq-8&d4=5 J"+&ž.950Z#`.`J54º+/K')-'.f-8N2 !p\:˜)#Y0%)IJ!%)"%ž.YZZ*7&X -+a%8\)0~:*& !)J8€)6-Z*7+/K')-'.f-8N2,*3(a')67-80%) I#½.%KT%,'4–.4¤!'!035pKT%,(˜-80%)Z*!7 p‘¹.¬ ‘d&'45*+7 .3458& 35p0˜%T\4q˜%8€.˜%&cd˜K.Z#7T+/9)4,*& ')-'.f-8N2¡&0#.!)J8€)6-\,a& \,aTa%!pž.KT%,'4–.!)J8€)6-9:+-/4,%0~(%,& 3,˜Ta%Yd)20j%)2:(2& 35pN%T0q-8'q%-*0€5%+K.!pI+%+%,-+a%8,%0ž€˜')%'^67-& '^a..#L.&3(aKO%(-Y(a-KO%o%,Z#L8&U&q˜-q˜%8(˜.0~K6-& \,a¡&!)J8-+da& Z*7cd˜K.ž.3T:T8'5~0¶& !%005/a,cd˜,*-[JNJZSJ_-+a%84¤$$%^.N%+ ,./1+.J+,& cd˜-/4o#,[2& •P>v=FB•»& .#04)pI#.S2& 35p`J54g.Z*7 ZO%8%.ž.-J(%5*^aT8`(T))1Z*7& nl& 35pž.+/9)4^aT8`(T))1Z*7& nVsnX& •^aT8'T5%Z*7!p'4–.€#Tž!€5#0q-8€.#8N6-'5a,.*L•& ,*KT%, 4)%)o.%3)805˜%Z*7!p€T.05#Y\4€%-:*(N,#+K5%NNJ0'I67-'4–.& 3)8Y#.:%5ž!ž.0%)N)˜%8N))K2T#½.S)),Z%84¤$$%& `J54p&&
26
Renaissance
Art
35pT))"0)),ž.+/Kq-8(.&o•80)p.#.L K.NaT.ž€$aZ-*7 %`#+-+dža .& -J(%5*&³)#87 '`N&N'4.&'+-),.*&-#80]1&35p05/,a 4)p'Z`3ca.:J.(O%7 & ••FQ&†F“Bv=A<H•nU&ž.€˜T8'T5%.#L.+#8K8:O%'.J.^*TJ('€,6-.',670a-.&:#8.#L.!•8+%0Z*7!pId:o•8KT%,'4–.& ')-'.f-8N2¡&ž.TJo*^*TJ(& KT%,'^6-7 &35p4)pNY0%)"2q-8K.-+a%8^a%8Z-c˜%\€,^%T-J(%5*& [))+%'01()0)^%T-#80]1&€)6-^a%8(*'€5~0^%T³)#78'`N& q˜-+0'T˜.Z*7^#:'!.Z*7N/:K6-^*TJ(Z%8`%N.%& !.0)pZ#78& o•8(˜.`(T))1Z*7&nX&^*TJ(Z%8`%N.%q-8^%+€$J8ž.+/9)4+#8K8& N6YZ-:q.YS)),'.*+,35pIJS*0)),,%!%0N,#++/K05%8-#. +%T.%.&3,˜!p3(0(a%80#.\4(%,3(a5pZ˜-8oJ.7 35p,*KT%,'45*+7 .& 3458ž.)%+5p'-*+:NO%K#$¶&-+dYa %˜ 8&3(a9:+Z#T7 \4^*T(J Z%8`%N.% q-8IT0'q%+#8K8'€,6-.':J,:#8Z*'7 K+'4–.,%€5%+`(T))1&.*K7 -6 NJ87 Z*'7 0J:q•.L Z#8L 0#Y05/,a -[JNZJ SJ^_ .)T,\4o•8cdZ˜ ,*7 N* o%.pZ%8N#8K, 35p'`)1e0J!(O7%(˜-+0Ta%& -+a%8\)0~(%,& ž.^aT8(˜.`(T))1Z*7& nX& KT%,Z˜%Z%+!%00%)4¸J)d4`%N.%q-8.J0%+94)'(N3(.(2& •‹=Fv<Hv>Bv& œ<zF=x>vAFB•»& .O%9:+Y/KK5Z*7,*I5#8:•8:d:-+a%8&& ,%)2(J.&5d'S-)2&•Ž>=vAB&•“vG<=•nu&o6-'4–.N#$$%"3€a80%)Np:/: €+/:58K)#L8NO%K#$q-8^*TJ(Z%8`%N.%35p[%I)T,q-8N#8K, +/9)4ž.Z/0)p:#Y&ž.38a.*L')%-%!,-8\:˜Ta%& `J54p')-'.f-8N2¡& €)6-& T))"0)),')-'.f-8N2¡&'4–.(#T0)p(/˜.NO%K#$Z*70a-ž€˜'0J:& )d43YY35p'.6L-€%ž€,a¶& Z*70˜%T€.˜%35p,#0\:˜3)8Y#.:%5ž!& ,%!%0+/KK5%NNJ0& -*0Z#L8)d43YY35p'.6L-€%+#8'0*7+T9+8'q˜%0#Y& cd-˜ 4/ o#,[2ž.€,d^a .^#.L .O%&)T,\4o•8`J54g.35p.#04)pI#.S2Z'*7 €5a% cd-˜ 4/ o#,[294):4)%.-*0:˜T+&9:+'šI%p-+a%8+J87 '.6L-€%Z*7'0*7+T0#Y&
A
Very Short Introduction
27
')67-8Z%8950/-+a%8\)0~(%,&€%0')%IJ!%)"%KT%,(a-'.67-8!%0 -:*(Z*7N6YZ-:,%!.o•8^aT8(˜.`(T))1Z*7&nX&0%)Id:o•8& `%N.%& ')-'.f-8N2¡&:d!p\,a'q˜%0#Y+/KN,#+'Za%\).#0/:˜T+'€(/.K*L 8!p:*0Ta%& €%0')%3Ya8T#½.S)),:˜%.`%N.%--0'4–.& +/K05%8^aT845%+¡&& •?>v<&Ž<@A<•>?•&35p& +/K€5#80%)4¸J)4d `%N.%¡&•PFHvsœ<zF=x>vAFB•&& €)6--*0^6-7 K6-& +/KN,#+ž€,a(-.(˜.¡&•ƒ>=?’&ŽF@<=B•»&9:+KO%Ta%& +/KN,#+ž€,a(-.(˜.¡& .#L.'4–.`#IZ2Z*7.#0TJ^%0%).O%,%ž^˜ž.^aT8 €5%+Z`T))1Z*7ca%.,%'I67-)pY/o•8^aT8'T5%Z*7Z-:+%T(#L83(a 4)p,%"`(T))1Z*7& nXsnt&ZTa%KO%:#805a%T\,a(˜-83Y0)#Y[%)p -#.€.#0-•L8q-83.TKJ:35pq˜-N,,(Je%.Z*7cd0(J:-+da0#YKO%Ta%& ')-'.f-8N2¡&,%(#L83(aN,#+q-8Yd)20j%)2:(2 !"#$%/!"#$u)/W#%n45(T$v83s')%N%,%)oIY'€~ . [%Tp(• 8 'K)* + :)p€Ta % 8KT%,& (a-'.6-7 80#YKT%,'45*+7 .3458q-8+/KN,#+.*\L :˜!%0[%I35pT#(o/ €5%+4)p'[Zf•78)#8N))K2q•L.ž.+/9)4^aT8`(T))1Z*7&nVsnX&3,˜Ta% c58%.€5%+(a-€5%+^JL.ž.+/K:#805a%T-%!:d\,acJ:Z*7cJ:Z%8 ',67--+daž.IJIJS[#"µ2`J54p+/K4¤!!/Y#.€)6-ž.€-`J54º':)N':.Z*7& '0-'S\4'+6-.^aT8`(T))1Z*7& nt& 3(a')%!O%'4–.(˜-8)p5•0\T˜& ž.ž!:˜T+Ta%c58%.'€5a%.*L,J\:˜od0N)˜%8q•L.'I67-ž€˜\4-+daž.N[%I 3T:5˜-,'^a..#L.& -#.Z*7!)J8ž.(-.')J7,(˜.c58%.NaT.ž€$a3ZY !p\,aod0.#Y'4–.& 8%.`J54p¡& '5+:˜T+fOL%& -+a%8.˜-+0~\,až^až. TJS*KJ:3YY9504¤!!/Y#.& 05a%TK6-c58%.'€5a%.#L.,J\:˜od0,-8Ta%
28
Renaissance
Art
'4–.€5#0e%.Z%8)d4S)),Z*7NpZ˜-.\4o•8KT%,'^67-&-%),"2&€)64)pNY0%)"2q-8`J54g.3(a5pK.&()80#.q˜%,&,#.'4–.'K)6-7 83N:8 )N.J+,&KT%,4)%)o.%&35pKT%,(˜-80%)q-8cd-˜ 4/ o#,[2Z'*7 4–.K. Ta%!˜%8ž€˜`J54g.N)˜%8N))K2c58%.'€5a%.#L.q•L.,%(a%8€%0 .-0!%0.*L& `J54g.N,#+')-'.f-8N2€%ž^aY/KK5Z*7N#8K,& \,a+-,)#Y&€)6-'4–.4¤!'!0cd:˜ -6L )#.L Z*(7 -˜ 8ž^˜^T* (J 3)˜.3K˜.-+dža .€˜-8& ž(˜€5#8K%'.67-8!%0N#8K,Z*7+•:,#7.ž.q.Y4)p'I"*\,a-%!'q˜%o•8& 3.TKJ:-#.0˜%T€.˜%35p-#!š)J+[%Iq-8IT0'q%\:˜& -#.Z*7!)J8 `J54g.')-'.f-8N2Z4*7 )pNYKT%,NO%')~!NaT.ž€$a'4–.N,%^J0q-8& 05/a,0%)K˜%3YY-./)#01.J+,Z*7')*+00#.Ta%0J5:2&•i“A?@•»&€)6-& €%0'4–.ž.`(T))1Z*7& nX&IT0'q%0~-%!'q˜%)aT,No%Y#.`J54pZ*7& )#ež€˜0%))#Y)-8& Z#L8& U& Z%8.*L5˜T.'4–.'K)67-8)#Y4)p0#.ž€˜30a(#T& cd-˜ 4/ o#,[2T%a `J54g.,*KT%,N%,%)o)p:#Y€.•87 35p(a-(#T`J54g.'-8& Ta%!p,*)%+\:˜'q˜%,%(a-'.67-8I-N,KT)& 0%)Z*7`J54g.!p\:˜8%.& Ta%!˜%8!%0cd-˜ 4/ o#,[2Z)*7 %O7 )T+&f•87 ,*(8#L 3(a)p:#YI)pN#.(p4%4%35p '!˜%^%+&\4!.o•8IT0q/..%835pcd˜:*!%0()p0d5'0a%30a&I5',6-8 cd˜,*e%.p,#78K#78&)T,Z#L8-8K20)q.%:ž€$a&'^a.&N[%',6-8&N,%K, -%^*I& K"p35p.J0%+Z%8`%N.%& ž.q#L.3)0(#T`J54g.!p(˜-8,* 3.TKJ:N-:K5˜-80#YKT%,,/8a €T#8Z%8N#8K,&0%)',6-8&35pKT%, `)#ZS%q-8cd˜Ta%!˜%8& 3(a')%!p\:˜'€~.ž.YZN/:Z˜%+Ta%& No%.p 0%)'4–.& fd'4-)2N(%)2¡&q-8`J54g.!O%.T.€.•78&'^a.&,J'K5#.'!95&& Y#T.%)29)(J&•ŽAyG<?>Bi<?F&Œ“FB>==FvA•&35p&-#5'Y)^(2&:6-')-)2& •C?{=<yGv& „¾=<=•& !pZO%ž€˜'0J:3.TKJ:3YYž€,aq•L.,%ž.+/K.*L& .#7 . K6 - `J 5 4g . '4– . cd ˜ ,* K T%,KJ : N)˜ % 8N))K2 3 5p-%!o• 8 q#L . '4– .
A
Very Short Introduction
29
-#!š)J+pZ*,7 Y* K/ 5J034504)p€5%:&-+a%8\)0~:&* `J54g.')-'.f-8N2& NaT.,%0Z*74)pNYKT%,NO%')~!0~'I)%p,*KT%,N,O7%'N,-&,*Z#01p& 35pZO%ž€˜cT˜d %a !˜%8T%8ž!\:˜T%a !pZO%8%.--0,%(%,Z*(7 .4)%)o.%& ž.ZO%.-8':*+T0#.&T#(o/35p[%INaT.ž€$aZ*7N)˜%8N))K2 q•L . ž.N,# + ')-'.f-8N2 K 8,J \ :˜ od 0 4)p',J . Ka % ž.e%.p8%.& `J54pZ*7,*K/"Ka%Z%8N/.Z)*+`%N()2'4–.€5#0& -#.€,%+o•80%) IJ!%)"%c58%.!%0)d43YY&•Hv’?<•&35p0%)!#:T%8-8K24)p0-Y&& •yFxPFHAvAFB•& 0)pZ#78K8,J\:˜)#Y0%)IJ!%)"%Ta%KT),*Z*7Z%8 -+d a ( )8\€.ž.')67 - 8'5a % Z%84)pT# (J ` %N()2 `J 5 4p-# . +J7 8 ž€$a& f•78od0!#:)p'Y*+Yž€˜:O%'.J.\4(%,5O%:#Y'T5%[%+ž(˜3.TKJ: ')67-8& KT%,0˜%T€.˜%¡&35p& I#½.%0%)¡&Z%8`J54p3YYZ#7T¶&\4&& o•80)p.#L.Y))Z#:e%.q˜%8(˜.05#Y05%+'4–.NJ78Z*7IJIJS[#"µ2 +/ K 4¤ ! !/ Y# . .O % ,%ž^˜ ' 4– . 'K)67 - 8,6 - €5# 0 ž.0%)(# : NJ . Ta % !p!# : 3N:8`J 5 4p')-'.f-8N2 - +a % 8\)& \,a T a % !p'4– . 8%.!J ( )0)),& 4)p(J,%0)),& €)6-[%I5%+'N˜.& €˜-8€#Y(a%8¶& ž.IJIJS[#"µ2& ,#0!pod0!#:5O%:#Y')*+8\4(%,^aT8'T5%35p(%,& N0/5¡&•HyGFF?•& Z%8`J54p& 9:+,*4b%+Y.0O%3I8Z*7Y-03(a'I*+8.%,q-8`J54g.& T#.Z*7& 35p^67-c58%.& Z#L8,J\:˜ž€˜q˜-,d5€)6-)%+5p'-*+:'0*7+T0#Y& Y)J Y Z3T:5˜ - ,ž:¶& ,%0.# 0 & :# 8 Z*7 ' 4– . ,%(#L 8 3(a N ,# + '0-'S& IJIJS[#"µ2.#L.'8*+YN8Y& 4)%`!%0NJ78)Y0T.Z*7\,a!O%'4–.& 'I67^aT+'IJ7,q*:KT%,N%,%)ož.0%)Yd^%`J54T#(o/Y.I6L.e%.q-8 €5#0N/.Z)*+`%N()2& €)6-'I67-^67.^,& `J54p'I67-`J54p¡& •>=v& zF=& >=v¦H&H>|<•&(%,.J+%,q-8&'(9-‘—5&90(*'+&•‡G©FPGA?<&;>“vA<=•& 4¤$$%^.N%+9Yj*',*+.N,#+`(T))1Z*7&n•nl&
30
Renaissance
Art
-+a%8\)0~(%,&No%.0%)"2N,#+')-'.f-8N23(0(a%8!%0& Z*705a%T,%-+a%8,%0& 3,˜Ta%(5-:`(T))1Z*7& nX& !p,*cd˜-/4o#,[2& 35p.#0NpN,05/a,'5~0¶& ')J7,NpN,35p!#:3N:88%.!J()0)),&& 4)p(J,%0)),& 35p[%I5%+'N˜.& 9:+-%`#+€5#0'0"µ2Z%8 N/.Z)*+`%N()23YYZ*7')%)d˜!#00#.:*ž.4¤!!/Y#.-+daY˜%8& -%ZJ'^a.& ^67-'N*+8q-8`J54g.& KT%,KJ:)J')J7,N)˜%8N))K2& 35pKT%,8%,q-8& (#Tc58%.'-8& 3(až.[%I)T,& T#(o/35p[%INaT.ž€$aZ*7N)˜%8q•L.& ž.N,# + ')-'.f-8N2 \ ,a \ :˜ ,* € .˜ % Z*7 ' €,6 - .Z*7 0 5a % T\4q˜ % 8(˜ .& (#T-+a%8'^a.&š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%o6-'4–.NaT.€.•87 q-8& 'K)6-7 8,6-¡&& ,%()e%.Z*7ž^˜4)p0-YIJS*0)),Z%8`%N.%Z*7'0*7+Tq˜-80#YIJS* ,JNf%&•Ž>HH•nV&NaT.[%I5%+'N˜.0~ZO%€.˜%Z*7'4–.'I*+8[%I)a%8 0a-.Z*07 )pYT.0%)N)˜%8N))K2[%I!p'N)~!N,Yd)"2&T#(o/35p[%I '€5a%.*\L ,a\:˜'4–.NJ87 Z*K7 T)!p'0~Y)#01%\T˜ž.e%.p)a-8)-+q-85*5% €)6-& ³—,6-¡& Z*7'0J:!%0N#$^%($%"q-8`J54g.cd˜+J78ž€$a& 35p& :# 8 Z*7 ' )%!p\:˜ ' €~ . ž.YZZ*7 & u& ž.0)"* q-8!J()0)),4d.'4—+0 €)6-[%I'‘)N90&•z=<HyF•»&š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%&35p€.#8N6(#T'q*+.4)p:J1e2:˜T+,6-&•A??“xAB>v<@&x>B“Hy=APv•nX&Z#01pZ%8 `J54p,*€.˜%Z*7NO%K#$'I67-^aT+ž€˜cd˜-a%.35pcd˜^,N%,%)o(*KT%, '€(/0%)"2Z%84)pT#(J`%N()2\:˜& 35pZO%ž€˜')67-8)%TZ#L8Z%8950 35pZ%8`%N.%.a%!:!O%0Ta%':J,&.-0!%0.*&L ')%!pIJ!%)"%)d44¤.¬ & Z*7!#:3N:8ž.I6L.Z*7N%S%)"p0#.ž.YZZ*7&t&)d44¤¬.'€5a%.*Lod0.O%,% ž^˜N))'N)J$-O%.%!35pI5p0O%5#8q-8`%N.!#0)35p)#e&ž.q"pZ*&7 T#(o/-+a%8'K)67-8')6-.NO%€)#Y0%)(03(a8& 'K)67-8'K56-Y:J.'c%& I),4)p:#Yc.#8&•v>P<Hv=’•nW&35p'K)6-7 8ž^˜95€pf•87 ')%!p05a%To•8&
A
Very Short Introduction
31
ž.YZZ*&7 W&05#Y05%+'4–.'I*+8q˜%Tq-8'K)6-7 8ž^˜ž.^*T(J 4)p!O%T#. (%,Y˜%.')6-.q-8cd˜,*e%.p 3.a.-.&.*7\,a\:˜€,%+KT%,Ta%^%+€$J8+/K')-'.f-8N2& \,a()p€.#0o•8K/"5#01"p:˜%.KT%,8%,q-8NJ78(a%8¶& Z*7-+d&a )%+5˜-,&-#.Z*7!)J8cd˜-/4o#,[2!p--0(%,€%`J54g.K.:#835p+-,& !a%+'8J.'IJ7,q•L.'I67-ž€˜\:˜[%I€)6-T#(o/N#0^JL.'.67-8!%0,-8'€~.& K/"Ka%ž.³—,-6 &KT%,N)˜%8N))K2&35pKT%,8%,Z%8`J54p&-+a%8\)0~:&* ž.0)"*ZT#7 \49:+'šI%p^aT80a-.`(T))1Z*&7 nX&KT%,KJ::#805a%T +#8o6-Ta%'4–.)-83.TKJ:')67-84)p9+^.2ž^˜N-+Z*7\,a'0*7+Tq˜-80#Y KT%,8%,&\,aTa%!p'4–.Z%8:˜%.N#8K,&`%N.%&0%)',6-8&€)6-0%) ž^˜8%.!)J8&)T,Z#L83.TKJ:')67-80%)'56-0N))[%IN#$5#01"235p €#Tq˜-ž.0%)oa%+Z-:c58%. :2','52++2)!"#$%,38Q&'(&)*(+,-q)QT]'$// ž.e%.pcd˜^,+/K(˜.`(T))1Z*7& Un& '4–.')67-8NO%K#$Z*&7 ')%(˜-8)p5•0\T˜ž.ž!o•8KT%,-/(N%€pq-80%)ž^˜I5#80%+ž. 0)pYT.0%)N)˜%8N))K28%.`J54pZ*7'€56-)-:,%!%0+/9)4N,#+ `(T))1Z*7& nVsnX&'I)%pZ/0T#..*L')%K/˜.'K+0#Y0%)(#:NJ.K/"Ka% q-8`J54g.!%0,/,,-835p3.TKJ:Z*7N)˜%8N))K2& 3450ž€,a& €)60)pZ#78Z˜%Z%+& ,%00Ta%!pN.ž!')67-8KT%,^O%.%$:˜%.Z#01p 35p'ZK.JK& !•8'4–.0%)8a%+Z*7')%!p€5856,Ta%`J54g.(˜-8ž^˜³—,635pKT%,'^*7+T^%$&)T,Z#L8(˜-8Z/a,'Z3)80%+ž.0%)N)˜%8N))K2& -+a%8€.#03,˜'I*+8[%IT%:Y.3ca.\,˜N#0[%I& ,JI#0(˜-8'-a+o•8&
32
Renaissance
Art
T8!)[%I'‘)N90Y.c.#89YNo2q.%:,€•,%& €)6-)d44¤¬.q.%:& ž€$a0Ta%,./1+2Z*7ZO%!%0€J.-a-.€)6-NO%)J:'€5T& Z#L8€,:5˜T.& ZO%q•L.ž.+/KZ*7+#8\,a,*\‘‘b%& 'K)67-8!#0)& N*35p0)p:%1Z*7c5J(\:˜ K)%T5p,%0¶&'(%€5-,KTYK/,-/"€[d,J&35p[%Ioa%+ 5-8!J.(.%0%):dTa%!p+%0q.%:\€.€%0(˜-8ž^˜,60p'Z%p€J . -a - .0˜ - .+# 0 12 ! %0'€,6 - 8€J . Y.\€5a ' q%ž.',6 - 8& K%)2)%)%&•†>==>=>•&'I67-.O%,%N)˜%84)p(J,%0)),:%TJ:&•„>•A@•&& -#.56-'567-8q-8,J'K5#.'!95& )d44¤¬.f•78,*KT%,Nd8)T,e%.0Ta%& V&',()&•:d[%I4)p0-Y&ul•&€5#8!%0'K56-7 .€J.0˜-.+#012--0,%& !%0[d'q%:˜T+KT%,+%05O%Y%00~(˜-85%0€J.,%Z*73,a.OL%-%)29.nt& f•87 -+d\a 05--0\4€5%+0J95',()&!%0.#.L (˜-85O%'5*+858')6-Y))Z/0& q•L.\4Z%8(˜..OL%!.0)pZ#78o•8',6-8‘5-').f2& 35˜T!•8q.oa%+& -*0K)#L8\4+#8€˜-8ZO%8%.&•QF=|HGFP•n•&q-84)p(J,%0)9:+\,a,&* 'K)67-8Z/a.3)8-p\),%0\40Ta%5%&3,˜Ta%!p,*`J54g.-*0K.Z*758,6-& ZO%8%.4)p(J,%0)),^JL..*L0a-.€.˜%,J'K5#.'!95& 3(aZ#L8'q%35p& ,J'K5#.'!950~,*3Ka'K)67-8,6-Z*7(˜-8-%`#+3)80%+N5#0& N0#:& 35p& q#:3(a8)d44¤¬.q•L.,%& -*0Z#L8ž.9,8+%,€5#8-%ZJ(+25#Yq-Y‘b%& \435˜T!pZO%\:˜0~3(a8%.Z*7ZO%[%+ž(˜3N8'Z*+.\:˜-+a%845-:[#+ 'Za%.#L. ž.ZO%.-8':*+T0#.&0)pYT.0%)€5a-&•y>HvABi•»&)d44¤¬. NO%)J:q.%:'Za%K.!)J8.#L.Z#L8)˜-.&^/a,'€867-&35p-#.()%+&')%)#Y)d&˜ ')67-8.*L!%0Y#.Z•0q-8& 'Y.'T.d9(& '^55J.*& •Œ<B•<B“vF& †<??ABA•&& ž.^aT805%8`(T))1Z*7&nX&'q%Y))+%+o•8q#L.(-.Z˜%+¶&ž.0%) €5a-)d44¤¬.'4-)2'f*+N&•‹<=H<“H•Uk&•:d[%I4)p0-Y&uV•
A
Very Short Introduction
33
q˜%Ka-+¶& T%8& ¿3,aIJ,I2À& 58\4Z*70˜.'(%€5-,-+a%8^˜%¶&& 35˜T!•8& DDD& žNa3Za8Z-83:835p'`1NO%)J:€5%+^JL.(%,& 58\4&DDD&35p&¿')J7,À&€5-,5p5%+IT0,#.&DDD&¿3(a'I*+8\,a .%.À& \‘0~5/0\€,˜ž.€˜-8ZO%8%.!.IT0')%€T%:05#TTa% €5#8K%-%!!po5a,58,%Z#Y& DDD& 35p& ¿€5#8!%0.#L.À& q˜%!•8 IYTa%95€p')J7,€5-,5p5%+!.'€5Tq˜.& DDD& Z#.Z*Z*7KT%, N#YN.-5€,a%.K5*7K5%+& DDD& I5#.'0J:'N*+8)p'YJ:35p,*& 3N8\‘5d09(T%Yq•L.,%&)%T0#YN%+‘b%‘%:58,%Z*7IT0')%& DDD&',67-3N835p'N*+8!%8€%+&')%&DDD&o•8)d˜Ta%³%4g:'(%€5-,& '0J:)-+3(035pNO%)J:0O%5#8\€5--0,%& ¿:#8.#L.À& q˜%!•8)*Y '-%Z*7-/:)d)#7T& U& -#.\4-/:'-%\T˜& !%0.#L.',67-'€~.Ta%95€p& \€5\,aNp:T0-+a%8Z*7KT)'4–.& q˜%!•8)d˜Ta%95€pcN,K8od0 'c%ZO%5%+\4ž.:T8\‘5d0.#L.35˜T&q˜%ž€˜Z/0K.€%!%.^%, 35po%:-%€%)Z*7ZO%!%0(p0#7TcN,:*Y/0&DDD&35˜T'-%[%^.p& '€5a%.#L.žNa'q˜%\4& DDD& ž.'(%€5-,& DDD& \,a.%.'(%€5-,& 0~'(~,&q˜%!•8K/0'qa%35pq-YK/"I)pcd˜'4–.'!˜%-+a%8N/:€#Tž!
3,˜0%)T%:[%I'‘)N90-%!\,a(67.'(˜.')˜%ž!'Za%0#Y& ')67-8)%Tq˜%8(˜.& 3(a0~o6-'4–.0)pYT.0%)Z*7+%05O%Y%0'-%0%) '^a.0#.& q#L.(-.0%)ZO%8%.!p')J7,(˜.!%00%)T%:[%I5%+'N˜. q.%:'Za%K.!)J8Z*7')*+0Ta%[%I& 0%)2(d.¡&•y>=vFFB•»&¿,*Z*7,%!%0 KO%Ta%&02'-DA&)/b€mtnq{oc&ž.[%1%-J(%5*& €,%+o•80)p:%1Z*7,*& .O%L €.#0,%0À&!%0.#.L [%I0%)2(.d !pod05-05%+58Y.I6.L 4d.'4—+0 f•78š%Y\T˜Y.0O%3I8-JeZ*7'()*+,'-%\T˜-+a%8:*& `J54g.!p(˜-858N*&
34
Renaissance
Art
-+a%8)T:')~T0a-.Z*74d.!p3€˜8& +J78\40Ta%.#L.c58%.Z*7--0,%& !p(˜-8od0(˜-83,a.+O%'I)%p\,a,Z* %805#Y\4& 30˜\q¡&[%I'‘)N90& :˜T+0%)T%:Z#Y\:˜'.67-8!%0N*,*KT%,94)a83N8ž05˜'K*+80#Y0)"* q-8N*.OL%& 35pž.0%)T%:[%I'‘)N90NaT.ž€$a& `J54g.,#0(˜-8 ZO%8%.-+dYa ..#87 )˜%.9K58'K5835p\,a,3* N8\‘‘b%^aT+&3o,3(a5p K)#8L +#8(˜-8'-6-L ,,6-o6-Id0a .# -+d.a %.€5%+^#T7 9,8&!•8\,a.%a 3450ž! Z*`7 5J 4g.^6-7 :#8)p:#Y,J'K5#.'!95o•80#Y9-:K)T$4T:€5#84T:K-+a%8q,q6.7 &.*+7 8# \,a.Y# )T,€+:N*Z(*7 0žNa(%q-8'q%(-.T%:[%I '‘)N90Y.'I:%.TJ€%)fJNZ*.&•:d[%I4)p0-Y&uX•&3,˜(O%.%.& !p'5a%56-Ta%,J'K5#.'!95T%:[%I'‘)N90q.%:ž€$a.*Lž.Za%.-.& 3(a€%0:d!%0No%.0%)"2!)J8Z*7'q%(˜-8Z.-+daž(˜I6L.4d.^6L.¶&& Z*7,*N*€+:58,%'4–.':6-.¶&.#7.0~:d.a%-•:-#:'I*+8I-35˜T !)J8-+daZ*70%)'()*+,8%.!J()0)),Y.3ca.\,˜& •P>B<?& P>ABvABi•»&-+a%8'^a.&62:$'%G87;><)74H2)8:7IJ#4*?/ b•n/‰|€ˆ/ •„nmtŠvo€oc&q-8&9:',.J9K&'T'.fJ-%9.&•„Fx<BAyF&¥<B<¨A>BF•&f•87 (˜-8)-8I6.L :˜T+'!N9f&•i<HHF•»&Z*,7 5* 0# 1"pK5˜%+4d.45%N'(-)2 'I67-ZO%ž€˜I6L.cJT')*+Y'.*+.0a-.58N*'Z,'4)%&•v<xP<=>•»&3YY :#L8':J,& -%!!p\,a'N*7+8-#.()%+'Za%& 3(a0~!O%'4–.(˜-8,*KT%, '^*7+T^%$Z%8'ZK.JK-+a%8Nd8&•:d[%I4)p0-Y&u•&ž.'T5%(a-,%& N*.%OL ,#.\:˜)#YKT%,.J+,'IJ7,,%0q•L.')67-+¶&9:+')J,7 (˜.!%0+/9)4 Z%8(-.'€.6-&`J54g.-+a%8&+%.&‘%.&\-K2&•E>B&•>B&ƒ’y|•Un&ž^˜ N*.%OL ,#.ž.8%.!J()0)),Y.3ca.\,˜'4–.K)#8L 3)0&0a-.!pq+%+\4Nda c6.c˜%žY5J..J q.%:ž€$a&N6-7 ^.J:ž€,a.Z*L %O ž€˜0)pYT.0%)T%:35p 30˜\q[%I&•€%0Ta%!O%'4–.•&ZO%\:˜8a%+q•L.&:#8!p'€~.\:˜!%0q.%:
A
Very Short Introduction
35
35p4)J,%"q-8c58%.Z*(7 'J ^*+.&•‡AvA>B•UU&0#Y€˜-8ZO%8%.q-8'q% c5J(--0,%\:˜ž.^aT8`(T))1Z*7&nX&•:d[%I4)p0-Y&nt&35p&Uu•& -+a%8\)0~:*&0)pYT.0%)'()*+,[%I)a%89:+\,a,*[%Ioa%+'q˜%,% ^aT+&)T,Z#L8Z#01pž.0%)'56-03ca.\,˜Z*7!p\,aYJ:8-&0%)q•8c˜%žY ž€˜(8• \,a€+a-.&35p0%)'()*+,cJT€.˜%Z*'7 4–.& I6.L [%I¡&•i=F“B@•Uu& 'I67-\,až€˜N*'Z,'4)%35pN*.OL%,#.3YYcN,,6-€5/:)a-.€)6-\€5 +˜-+& -%!'4–.')67-8+%0'0J.!J.(.%0%)NO%€)#YIT0')%f•78I•78I% 05˜-8oa%+)d435pT#N:/c5J(NO%')~!)d4,%()e%.':*+T0#.Z*€7 %f6-L \:˜ (%,)˜%.q%+-/40)"2`J54pž05˜Y˜%.& 7\,'T$ 3,˜Ta%3.TKJ:ž€,a¶&'0*7+T0#Y& `J54p¡&35pNo%.pq-8& `J54g.0O%5#8')J,7 I#½.%q•.L ž.^aT8'T5%.*&L 3(až.N%+(%q-8cd-˜ 4/ o#,[2& 35pcd^˜ ,)/.a 3)0')J,7 &Z#01p8%.³—,-6 Z*,7 N* Ta .(a-0%)N)˜%8N))K2[%I& €)6-T#(o/&)T,\4o•8')6-7 8q-84)p9+^.2ž^˜N-+35p[%IN#$5#01"2& 0~,*KT%,NO%K#$I-¶&0#.&€)6--%!!p,%00Ta%K/"N,Y#(JZ%8:˜%.& KT%,8%,:˜T+fOL%& T#½.S)),Z%8N%+(%& ••AH“>?& y“?v“=<•& 35p& T#½.S)),Z%8T#(o/&•x>v<=A>?&y“?v“=<•&ž.N,#+')-'.f-8N2!8• '4–.& 0%)(a-Nd0˜ .# )p€Ta%8KT%,(a-'.6-7 8q-8q.YZ%8`J54pZ*,7 ,* %(#8L 3(a 45%++/K05%80#YKT%,4)%)o.%Z*7!pc5#0:#.NJ78ž€,a¶&:˜T+0%) ‘¹¬.‘d3.TKJ:!%0+/KK5%NNJ0& KT%,(•8'K)*+:Z*7'0J:q•L.'-8(%, S)),^%(J'€5a%.*L4)%0¸ž€˜'€~.':a.^#:9:+'šI%pž.8%.`J54p 4)p'[ZZ*7-%!NO%K#$Z*7N/:3€a8+/K& .#7.0~K6-š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%& f•78!p'4–.€#Tž!€5#0ž.YZ(a-\4
36
Renaissance
Art
&c"+(''vr /(#*3:;3<;=>?!56/8€)6-&‰m/‚muq{{m/uv/•m{/•vpnq&ž.[%1%-J(%5*& '4–.& c58%.Z*7)%‘%'-5\:˜)#Y0%)Ta%!˜%8!%0I)pN#.(p4%4%!d'5*+NZ*7& U&•E“?A“H&ˆˆ•&& ž.4—& nVnU& 'I67-ž^˜'4–.š%04)p:#Y3Za.Yd^%NO%€)#Y9YNo2f%.fJN9(ž.',6-8& '4—+'^.f%&c58%.^JL..*L!•8od0')*+0Ta%&9'%;3<;=<+*2)*",DA&€)6-&9'%;3<;=<+ *",>?)&ž.[%1%-#80]1
n
'8ww2&(#]#/*2)*"](/x<?``?=__J/H?>y@Jz&€)6-Z*7)d˜!#00#.:*ž.^67-&'2w2&(#&& •œ>PG><?•& K6 - `J 5 4g . cd ˜ 9 ::':a . 3€a 8 +/ K ')-'.f-8N2 N ,# + )/ a 8 ')6 - 8& •°AiG&& œ<B>AHH>By<•&4)p,%"45%+`(T))1Z*7& nV&o•805%8`(T))1Z*7& nX&'q%-+d&a )aT,+/K0#Y&'59-.%)29:&:%&TJ.^*&35p,J'K5#.'!95&)%‘%'-59::':a.!%0N\(52 'šI%p(#T&c58%.q-8'q%,#03N:8o•8KT%,-a-.9+.&KT%,N8a%8%,&35pKT%, 05,056.& U&
W*:]*)l/ xH?{J>Gz& ,*No%.p'4–.-%"%!#0)ž.^aT84—& ntkXsn•nt& €5#8& N8K)%,950K)#L8Z*7& U& ',67-I)p'!˜%--0#N(#NZ*7& u& 3€a83f09f.*N5p)%^Y#55#802& 3f09f.*05%+No%.p'4–.)#e-JN)p9:+,*',6-8€5T8-+dZa .*7 K)':)N':.&4¤!!/Y.# & '4–.)#e€.•78ž.4)p'Z`'+-),.* u&
[1+V2WRU+QT0,38Q&K6-€.•78ž.TJS*TJZ+%&•x<vGF@F?Fi’•&Z*7.#04)pT#(J`%N()2& `J54º.O%,%ž^˜TJ'K)%p€28%.`J54p& 3.TKJ::#805a%T4)%0¸K)#L83)0ž.€.#8N6-& smv{nv{‹/m{u/Œ•Šotvo{€o/v{/Žvrnoo{nx•ƒo{n|tˆ/‡nm„ˆ/9:+&\,'KJ5&3Y03f.:-5&& •ŽAyG><?&Œ>”>B@>??•&3Y03f.:-5ž€˜KT%,'€~.Ta%4¤!!#+Z%8T#½.S)),,*c5(aKT%,)#Y)d˜ž.0%),-8f•78'4–.5#01"p'šI%pZ*73(0(a%80#.\4ž.3(a5p^aT8'T5%&& :˜T+'€(/.*L&0%)ž^˜:T8(%3€a8+/KN,#+!pZO%ž€˜')%N%,%)o`•01%c58%.ž.-:*( [%+ž(˜Y)JYZZ*73Z˜!)J8',67-8%.^JL..#L.od0N)˜%8N))K2q•L. l&
»&'^J8-))oZ#L8€,:ž.€.#8N6-'5a,.*L!#:ZO%9:+cd˜345
A
Very Short Introduction
37
&7)Z23")/Ww'+0#")/x|=>}?^@>/~D?>b_@>z&K6-€.•87 ž.YJ:%cd0˜ -a (#8L 4)p'Z` N€)#e-',)J0%& 'q%'4–.cd˜,*KT%,)d˜KT%,'^*7+T^%$ž.€5%+N%q%& 9:+'4–.Z#L8& .#04)pI#.S2&.#0Z]1¼*0%)',6-8&.#00%)',6-8&.#00%)Zd(&.#0:.()*&\4!.o•8& .#0TJZ+%`%N()2&o6-'4–.Y/KK5NO%K#$ž.+/K')6-84¤$$%&•Ci<&Fz&ƒB?AiGv<Bx<Bv•&& q-8-',)J0%
V&
w'2)&c,]0/&$V'2'-02/x~D?>B=ABJ/•=ED?DB?z&€)6-Z*)7 !˜d 0# ž..%,&&$V'2:// x•=ED?BIz& K6-0T*35p.# 0 4)# ^ $%^%T-J ( %5* K .NO %K# $ ž.N,# + ')-'.f-8N2& YZ0T*)#0q-8'q%05%+'4–.(˜.3YYq-8YZ0T*f-.'.(& •HFBB<v•& ž.950& (pT#.(0& .-0!%0.*L'4()%0+#8,*KT%,'^*7+T^%$ž.[%1%5p(J.& 'q%,/a8,#7.& K˜.KT˜%35p'0~Y)TY)T,KT%,)d!˜ %0+/KK5%NNJ0'I6-7 .O%,%oa%+Z-:NdNa %S%)"p&& Z#L8€,:.*LZO%ž€˜'q%\:˜)#Y0%)+0+a-8'4–..#0,./1+.J+,)/a.Y/0'YJ0 X&
]Z12))l/ 7(008c]c/ x€@J•?>>@/ |JBB?BB@Jz& K6-0T*35p.#04)pI#.S2& ^%T-J(%5*& '4–.5d0`J1+2cd˜ž05˜^J:'4()%035p'4–..#0,./1+.J+,K.NO%K#$& '^a.0#.& -*0Z#L8'4–.'!˜%q-88%.'q*+.-+a%8& •o€m}otq{& (5-:!.,#0.J+,& 3(a8YZ0T*:˜T+[%1%I6L.oJ7.&ZO%ž€˜8%.'q*+.q-8(.3I)a€5%+\4ž.T80T˜%8&& W&
QT00#2,,":/x‚_?AA@B?_/CY=z&K6-KO%0T˜%8¶&Z*7ž^˜-SJY%+4)pT#(J`%N()2q-8&& U&-%)+S)),9Y)%"&K6-0)*035p9),#.& t&
QT0:#2+/xƒ=L@=•?_/CY=z&K6-KO%Z*7ž^˜-SJY%+^aT8'T5%-#.+%T.%.0Ta%I#.4— (#L83(a4)p,%"`(T))1Z*7& VsnV&4¤$$%^.^%T-J(%5*N,#+')-'.f-8N2K6-cd˜.O% KO%KO%.*,L %ž^˜'4–.05/,a 3)0:˜T+KT%,€,%+'^J8:d3K5.&IT0'q%'€~.Ta%+/K05%8 K6-+/K3€a8KT%,'N67-,9Z),Z*7,%K#7.05%8)p€Ta%8& U& -%)+S)),-#.)/a89)!.2& .#7.K6--%)+S)),+/KK5%NNJ00)*0s9),#.0#Y-%)+S)),ž.+/Kq-8(.Z*7‘¹¬.‘d KT%,)d˜!%0950+/KK5%NNJ0q•L.,%ž€,a&
•&
ž.^aT8`(T))1Z*7& n•& .#0TJ^%0%)Z*7^67.^,+/K')-'.f-8N2')*+0+/K05%8Ta%& +/K,6:¡& •„>=|& Ci<•& '.67-8!%0,-8Ta%'4–.+/K3€a8KT%,,6:,.35pKT%, 'N67-,9Z),
nk&
38
Renaissance
Art
Q20(7/74'-:„2'-[V-&.#04)pT#(J`%N()2^%TNTJN&cd˜'^*7+T^%$:˜%.`J54p35p T#½.S)),&,*^*TJ(-+daž.^aT84—&ntntsnt•W nn&
:#TU3$'%&\!WnU)[")VP…2& €,%+o•8[d,J[%K€.•78Z*7-+daZ%8:˜%.Y.q-8ZT*4 +/9)4&N%'€(/Z*7')*+0Ta%4)p'Z`3ca.:J.(O7%'.67-8!%04)p'Z`'€5a%.*L-+daž.I6L.Z*7 5%:(O7%0Ta%.OL%Zp'5& ZO%ž€˜'0J:-/Z0[#+\:˜8a%+& '^a.& '.'S-)235.:2& 'Y5'+*+,&& 5#0'f,'YJ)20&35p³)#78'`N&•Z%8(-.'€.6-• nU&
32'-V")/#4&O('-& .#0YT^^%T'+-),#.& cd˜'4–.(#T5pK)NO%K#$ž.0%)4¸J)d4& `%N.%^aT8`(T))1Z*7& nX& Y#$$#(J& •V& 4)p0%)Z*75d'S-)2'q*+.q•L.ž.4—& nVnW&& !/:^.T.ž€˜.#04¸J)d4`%N.%Z*7(a-(˜%.3.TKJ:35pIJS*0)),(%,3.TZ%8q-8& `%N.%K)JN(2.J0%+K%Z-5J0)T,05/a,0#.& !..O%\4Nda0%)3(0--0'4–..J0%+ 94)'(N3(.(2 nu&
]7„l&3lQ)/xaJI=^@?>z&K6-KO%Z*74)%0¸q•L.ž.^aT8N,#+`(T))1Z*7& n•&'I67ž^˜-SJY%+05/,a K.Z*,7 T* oJ ^* T* (J cJ:3c0!%0K.Z#T7 \4&9:+,%0,#0,*,,/ ,-8(a-(˜%. q.YS)),'.*+,3YY':J,¶&35p\,aq•L.()8(a-)pYY€)6-No%Y#.ž:¶
nl&
9"Ol3",*2& K6-IJS*`#0:J_NJZSJ_ž.`%N.%K)JN(2'I67-3N:8o•80%))aT,N.JZ0#Y& I)p'+fd&9:+0%))#Y4)pZ%.q.,4¤8&•N#$5#01"23Z.I)p0%+q-8I)p'+fd•& 35p\T.2&•N#$5#01"23Z.I)p95€J(•& 0%)4)p0-YIJS*.*L'I67-ž€˜^%TK)JN(2& )p5•0o•8I)pK/"q-8I)pcd˜'4–.'!˜%&3.Y3.a.'4–.€.•78':*+T0#YI)p-8K2& 35p -+da)aT,0#.:˜T+KT%,)#0
nV&
R)8+,†(V81&SlQ)$'%["m‡-[51Q3†(& K6-€.#8N6-Z*7'q*+.35p4)p:#Y(03(a8& :˜T+,6-&9:+,*0%)T%:[%I&4)p:J1e2(T# -#01)35p5T:5%+q-8'N˜.0)-Y-+a%8& TJ!(J )Y))!8&NaT.,%0ZO%q•.L !%03ca.€.#8&•P>=yGx<Bv•&€)6-€.#85d0T#T&••<??“x•&& €.#8N6-(#T'q*+.4)p:J1e2:˜T+,6-.*L')J7,'4–.Z*7.J+,.˜-+58',67-'0J:'ZK9.95+*& 0%)IJ,I2q•L.ž.^aT805%8`(T))1Z*7&nV
nX&
A
Very Short Introduction
39
9'3$'%[87n)8+&K6-8%.`J54pNJ87 Z-Z*Z7 %O q•.L :˜T+KT%,4)p"*(NO%€)#Yž^˜ž. 8%.(03(a8&9:+`J54g.!p)a%83YY(%,Z*c7 T˜d %a !˜%8(˜-80%)&'I6-7 ž€˜^%a 8Z---0,% '4–.I),4)p:#Yc.#8Z*7NT+8%, nW&
W3U)Pt2(2'-])/ xCD>J/ <@•=Dz& K6-3,a.OL%N%+NO%K#$q-8[d,J[%KZ#NK%.*& Z%8(-.05%8q-84)p'Z`-J(%5*& 9:+\€5ca%.',6-8NO%K#$-+a%8‘5-').f2 35p4gf%&
nt&
R5(+\P2+2)&ž.^aT8`(T))1Z*7& nVsn•&€,%+o•8€˜-8ZO%8%.q.%:ž€$aq-8& `J54g.35p'€5a%cd˜^aT+& €%0`J54g.cd˜.#L.9:a8:#835p,*8%.5˜.,6-& 'q%,#058,6-& 'šI%pž.NaT.NO%K#$¶& q-88%.^JL..#L.& 35p45a-+)%+5p'-*+:Z*7'€56-ž€˜'4–. 8%.q-8cd˜^aT+& KO%-67.¶& Z*7,*KT%,€,%+ž05˜'K*+80#.K6-N(d:J9-& •Hv“@AF•& 35p -%'(-5J'+&•>v<?A<=•&&&
n•&
&$('-&*lQ,& K6-T*)Y/)/1!%0'ZI40)"#,0)*0& cd˜N#8€%)',:df%& •Ž<@“H>•&& .%8-N/)0%+Z*7,*€#T'4–.8d&f•78ZO%ž€˜žK)0~(%,Z*7!˜-8(%.%805%+'4–.€J.&
Uk&
Q2)/w2)/ˆ(0-/`J54g.^%T'‘5,J^cd˜\:˜)#Y0%)+0+a-8ž€˜'4–.`J54g.K.NO%K#$ Z*7N/:K.€.•783€a8+/9)4'€.6-ž.`(T))1Z*7& nV& 'q%,*^67-'N*+8')67-80%)N)˜%8& KT%,3450ž€,a35p'4–.cd˜ZO%ž€˜N*.OL%,#.'4–.Z*7)d˜!#0ž.T80T˜%8
Un&
V"&clQ)&K6-.%,Z*7)d˜!#00#.9:+Z#7T\4q-8&(JfJ-%9.&'T'^55*&•‡A¨A>BF&¥<y<??A•&& €)6-& (JfJ-%9.& 'T'^55*9-& •‡A¨A>BF& ¥<y<??AF•& `J54g.')-'.f-8N2cd˜,*^67-'N*+8 3€a8'T.JN&(J'^*+.,*KT%,N%,%)oZ%8`J54p)-Y:˜%.&Z#L80%)T%:[%I'€,6-. Y/KK5&[%ITJTZJTZ#`.2& [%I!%0(O%.%.40)"#,&€)6-[%IZ%8`%N.%&9:+,*& !/:':a.Z*7'4–.5#01"pNO%K#$q-8N0/5^a%8'T.JN& .#7.0~K6-)-+³—34)8Z*7NpY#: -+a%8,*^*TJ(^*T%& \,a'.˜.'N˜.)a%8Z*7K,^#:& 35p0%)ž^˜N*.OL%,#.Z*73N:8'š:N*35p& I6L.cJT-#.€5%0€5%+\:˜-+a%8.a%-#`!))+2& UU&
40
Renaissance
Art
9†t)s29& K6-I6L.cJTNO%€)#Y[%I)a%8€)6-[%IT%:& '^a.& 0)p:%1ž.0)"* q-8N*.OL%& c6.c˜%žYž.0)"*q-8N*.OL%,#.& 3(a€%005a%Tž€˜'šI%p'!%p!858\4&& I6L.[%I¡& +#8€,%+o•80%)'()*+,cJT'K56-Y0a-.Z*7!p,*0%))a%8€)6-T%:[%I 58\4& T#(o/4)pN8K2'I67-3+0^#L.q-8[%I--0!%0I6L.cJT'I67-4b-80#.4¸J0J)J+% Z%8'K,*&ZO%ž€˜I6L.[%I:d:f#YN*\:˜.˜-+58&35pZO%ž€˜N*NTa%8N:žN+J78q•L.&ž.8%. !J()0)),Z#7T\4,#0ž^˜'!N9f& •K6-NaT.cN,N*q%TZ*7\:˜!%0c8^-520cN,0%T& ')J7,ž^˜0#.(#L83(a+/K05%8!.o•8N,#+')-'.f-8N2•& 9:+.O%,%Z%\T˜Y.I6L.cJT& €5%+¶&^#L.0a-.!pT%:[%I58\4 Uu&