Summer School IN
Advanced Mobility
Learn the technical skills required to tackle the key engineering challenges in the field of personal mobility where electrification, connectivity, automation and multi-modal transportation systems are radically transforming the automotive industry. This three-day workshop is geared towards engineers, managers and thought leaders in the automotive industry and those related to the transportation sector. May 6-8, 2019 Columbus, OH Learn more at go.osu.edu/MobilitySummerSchool Brought to you by:
The Ohio State University Simulation, Innovation and Modeling Center
The Ohio State University Mobility
Center for Automotive Research External Advisory Board Meeting April 5, 2019
Welcome and State of the Center Giorgio Rizzoni, PhD Director
CENTER FOR AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH
in numbers
STRATEGIC RESULTS Interdisciplinary Research
8 New faculty in 7 different departments engaged in projects in 2018/2019 39% Increase in Safety and Cyber Security Research
Revenue Operations
19% Increase in Engineering Service Activity 2% Increase in Distance Education Revenue Each area has been steadily growing for the past 3 years
Multifaceted Students
26 Students focused in Safety and Cybersecurity Research 17% Female Grad students 10% CAR Graduate Students accepted internships at 8 companies worldwide
Outreach and Engagement
2nd Camp CAR Summer 2019 12 Paid Student Interns at CAR – 1st and 2nd year
*From FY18 – FY19
SUMMER SCHOOL IN ADVANCED MOBILITY Day 1: Electrification
Welcome and
May 6-8 Attend one, two or all Introductions three days depending on your interests and schedule! go.osu.edu/mobilitysummerschool
Day 3: Multi-Modal Mobility and Security
Day 2: Connectivity and Automation
CAMP CAR
63 Applicants!
A week long summer day camp educating students age 14-18 on various aspects of engineering including automotive, simulation and manufacturing.
Welcome and Introductions
“I always thought I wanted to major in mechanical engineering with an automotive focus on reducing carbon emissions but after my experience at Camp CAR I know that’s the area of engineering I want to study!” Isabel Delamater Marysville Early College STEM School
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROGRAM CAR hosts college students for an eight week summer internship program where they gain experience working on automotive projects led by researchers and faculty members.
Welcome and Introductions
“The internship program gave researchers like myself an opportunity to tap the new talent and an opportunity for students to explore the latest automotive trends. My internee will continue with me for his MS thesis as a GRA. So it’s a win-win situation for both CAR and the student!” Qadeer Ahmed Research Scientist
PROJECTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Matilde D’Arpino is exploring how the use of second-life battery packs reduces the environmental impact of electric vehicles.
Jung-Hyun Kim
Marcello Canova
Jung-Hyun Kim, Marcello Canova, Hanna Cho and Vicky Doan-Nguyen won the LG Chem Global Innovation Contest with their proposal "Characterizing and Optimizing Electrode Surfaces for High-Energy Liion Batteries"
PROJECTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Jeff Chrstos built a Driver-in-the-Loop Simulator to test vehicle dynamics under a variety of simulated conditions
Qadeer Ahmed developed a vehicle cyber security lab focusing on threat assessment and risk analysis
PROJECTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
In conjunction with the Aerospace Research Center, developed communication between drones and connected vehicles along the US-33 Smart Mobility Corridor where the unmanned drones will use the unmanned aircraft management system that is being developed.
Welcome and Introductions Developing HIL simulation capabilities to test a realistic soft AV in the AV shuttle routes of Smart Columbus including the Scioto Mile deployment and the soon to take place Linden deployment.
Levent Guvenc
Bilin Aksun- Guvenc
Applied unified, scalable and replicable architecture to building and testing CAV functions for passenger vehicle and low speed neighborhood electric vehicle platforms.
PROJECTS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Received U.S. Department of Energy award for work in advanced vehicle technologies
Welcome and Introductions
Current Research Projects: “Cobalt-Free Cathodes for Next Generation Li-Ion Batteries” (PI: Jung-Hyun Kim, Collaboration with Nexceris, LLC and Navitas Systems) “All Solid-State Battery Design with High Energy at Low Cost” (PI: Jung Hyun Kim) “Sulfide-Based Lithium Superionic Conducting (LISICON) Solid-Electrolytes for All Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries” (PI: Jung-Hyun Kim, collaboration with V. Doan-Nguyen)
Jung-Hyun Kim
BATTERY RESEARCH FACILITIES AT NTW
• New Material Synthesis Capability: Chemical synthesis reactors & Furnaces
• In-House Li-Ion Battery Manufacturing Capability
• Battery Testing & Characterization Facility
BATTERY TESTING FACILITIES AT CAR • • •
The battery testing facilities at CAR are being upgraded to expand and improve our capabilities in the area of energy storage New facilities will cover over 1000 sq ft in lab area at CAR Extensive capabilities will support work ranging from cell/module testing to pack fabrication and system integration New Battery Facilities Battery Cycling Lab • Flexible cycling capabilities to support cell (5V) and module level (12V, 48V) testing. • High current capabilities to support fast charging • Equipment to evaluate advanced thermal management systems including liquid cooling. • State of the art equipment with high accuracy and precision
Pack Fabrication Lab • Dedicated space for pack fabrication and teardown • Spot welder for busbar and cell tab welding. • High voltage tools for safe handling of battery packs
BMS/HIL Lab • Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) and Software-Inthe-Loop (SIL) enabled lab. • Battery Management System (BMS) evaluation and testing. • System integration of battery pack with electronics and control software.
Cell/Module Cycler
Thermal Management
High Voltage Lab • High Voltage (up to 900V) lab space. • High power testing (250kW) capable facilities. • Ability to test energy storage systems for applications: grid storage, charging infrastructure, etc…
FLOW, ENGINE AND ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LABORATORIES New Projects
Ahmet Selamet
•
Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) for Compressor Inlet Flow Measurements at the Onset of Surge (Sponsor: Ford)
•
Turbine Map Generation – Negative Turbine Work (Sponsor: Ford)
•
New Cylinder Head Design, Turbo and Wastegate DOE to Assess Catalyst Lightoff for Emissions (Sponsor: Ford)
Recent Graduates • Smarajit Mukherjee – PhD, February 2018 Current Employer: Apple
FLOW, ENGINE AND ACOUSTICS RESEARCH LABORATORIES
New Facilities
Double Turbine
New SI I3 Engine
Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
LABORATORY OF SOUND AND VIBRATION RESEARCH (LSVR) Prof. Ryan L. Harne
LSVR Research Student Team
Welcome and Introductions
• Research areas: Vibrations, acoustics, mechanics, smart materials, and manufacturing • Extensive and unique laboratory capabilities https://lsvr.osu.edu/facilities • Recent student achievements: Ben Goodpaster (MS'18) is awarded the 2019 Hirschvogel Excellence Award for the best MS thesis in Mech. Eng. at OSU in 2018. Quanqi Dai (MS'17) and Peter Vuyk (Honors UGrad'18) are both hired at Cummins. Harne.3@osu.edu
614-292-2767
lsvr.osu.edu
NEW DEVELOPMENTS AT LSVR Strategic Research Thrust: Multifunctional, soft lightweight materials combining electrical, thermal property control with excellent shock and vibration damping performance Advancing versatility of NVH materials by new functionality Example Applications: Electronics packaging with robust, integrated power delivery Load-sensing seat and engine/ component mounts, such as for active vibration control
Large strain transfer to conductive trace: Load-sensing ability
No strain transfer to conductive trace: Robust power delivery
Welcome and Introductions Sears et al. Adv. Eng. Mat., 20, 2018. Sears et al. Comp. Struct., 208, 2019 Built-in heat exchange: Transfer thermal energy through conductive networks Extremely deformable perfect conductors: power delivery in electronics packaging
HIGH POWER TRACTION DRIVES Projects NASA 10 MW Ring Motor • • • • • •
Motor #2 under final completion Type: TUNED INDUCTION Out-runner Continuous rating 1100 kW / 5000 rpm Peak rating (at takeoff) : 1800-2000 kW Weight: 103 kg/226 lbs Config: 6 phases asymmetric OE /2Y/4Y
CUMMINS NEXT GENERATION DRIVES • • • • • • • • •
Motor #1 under execution Type: Traction Induction Out-runner Max torque: +10000 Nm / 7400 ft lbs Continuous rating: 350 kW /350-4000 rpm Continuous peak rating: 650 kW/1485 rpm Peak rating (30 s): 1100 kW / 1047 rpm CPSR: > 11 Weight: 325 kg / 715 lbs Config: EPS 12p/6p, 6 phases asymmetric OE
HIGH POWER TRACTION DRIVES New Facilities
• 300 kVA variable autotransformer • 2 x 1.5 MW inverters
EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS CONTROL (EVAP) SYSTEM MODELING AND DIAGNOSIS
Giorgio Rizzoni
•
Studying the comprehensive physics behind fuel evaporation in automotive tanks and vapor adsorption/desorption in carbon canisters • With consideration of various conditions: fuel type/level, tank geometry, carbon type, canister geometry, etc. • Experimental tests at CAR for model validation
•
Designing EVAP system monitor through both physics-based and data-driven approaches to keep track of key system parameters and perform diagnosis to comply with emission standards
EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS CONTROL (EVAP) SYSTEM MODELING AND DIAGNOSIS
Small Scale Environmental Chamber Test
Canister Adsorption/Desorption Test
Production Parts on Bench Test
Vehicle Test
Endoscopic PIV Engine Experiment
Conceptďƒ Endoscopic PIV Engine Experiment at OSU-CAR Honda/OSU Endoscopic PIV Experiment Layout
Mounting Hardware Layout Base M/P Engine retrofit to optical spec + next gen DI Camera Endoscope Vision Research Phantom V1612
Design setup around the LaVision Engine Inspex system Variable Camera Mount from HRAO-FAB
Honda 3.5L GDI V6
Laser Endoscope
Rigid camera mount designed from Misumi catalog parts.. Thanks Rachel!
Phototonics Dual Cavity PIV Laser Articulating delivery arm with internal mirrors
Expected Measurement Area
Illumination along GREEN plane
Endoscope-Ready Heads
Laser Insert WJ modified in this region
Camera insert
Piston crown requires some machining for clearance and Laser insert for optical path..
Camera Insert
Detection within BLACK circle
Honda partners with OSU-CAR on Optical Engine experiment setup for PhD research activity
Current Status Endoscopic PIV Engine Experiment at OSU-CAR High Speed Optical Measurements Concept Seeded Oil droplets (1~10um)
Optical Chamber Measurement Layout
“Seeding “Seedingbox” box” Implementation of LaVision Engine Inspex system Aerosol AerosolGenerator Generator
EX valve
Camera Field of View
Spark plug
Laser Endoscope (Illumination)
60˚
(On crank axis plane)
Laser Illuminated Oil particles (In Plane)
Planar laser sheet
70˚
Camera Endoscope Example High Speed (Detection)
Honda 3.5L GDI V6
Rigid Camera Mount
Seeded Oil Particles (Out of plane)
IN valve
Laser Control Panel
Phantom Research V1612 HS Camera
Light delivery arm
Spark Plug
Spark Plug EX v a
ves val IN Illuminated Oil Particles
lves
Unburned Zone Piston Crown
Phototonix Dual Cavity High Rep Laser
The flame consumes oil particles, therefore Dark Region = Burned Zone as no light can be scattered to camera.
Example High Speed Video
Camera Endoscope Access (cylinder 4 under front cam pulley) Laser Endoscope Access (cylinder 4 between exhaust ports)
Engine Speed: P_inmani: P_fuel: Tw: Run time: Frame Rate: Laser Mode: Laser Curr:
2000RPM 300mmHg 5.2MPa 55deg C 10s 10KHz SF / DS 35A
Experiment now functional, currently evaluating best measurement practice
ves val IN
Approximate Flame Front Position
Measurement EX v a
Burned Zone
lves
Piston Crown
The approximate location of the flame front can be identified by the periphery of the dark region of the measurement plane.
FRONT LOBBY FACELIFT
Welcome and Introductions
ENGINEERING SERVICES
Engineering Services projects CY 2019:
Welcome and Introductions
• • • •
OEM engine installation and ongoing research support Commercial battery lifespan validation for new chemistry Ohio State Vehicle fleet tracking for OEM 5 HD chassis testing programs • 3 misfire detection programs • 1 emissions/fuel economy program • 1 vehicle development program
ENGINEERING SERVICES
Federal Transit LoNo Updates: •
•
Welcome and Introductions
Ohio State’s bus testing corporative agreement has been finalized • Federal funding in place for FY18 & FY19 to support Engineering Design and begin Capital Facilities Projects • Working with partners to ensure Federal funding support is continued through FY20/21 to implement bus testing program • Capital Facilities Projects will include: HD capable exhaust emissions/fuel economy/particulate collection systems, HD chassis dynamometer upgrade, facility and HVAC upgrades, durability course construction Component Assessment Program (CAP) “Testing Needs of the Transit Industry” white paper available May 2019
CAR Membership 2019 David Cooke Assistant Director Research Operations
2018 MEMBERSHIP PROGRAM REVIEW
Exploratory Research Grants
Distribution of Funds
Student Support
2017 vs. 2018
15 New Projects Awarded
80% Research Grants
39 Students Engaged In Exploratory Projects
3 Additional Projects
3 Autonomous and Connected Vehicles 2 V2X/V2V Infrastructure, Navigation, and Mapping 1 Cybersecurity 3 Powertrain Control and Optimization and Emissions 2 Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles 1 Vehicle Dynamics and Driver in-theloop Simulation 1 Energy Harvesting for Self Powered Sensors
60% Directly to Students
17 Graduate 21 Undergraduate 1 High School Intern
19 Increase In Student Involvement in Projects 8 OSU Academic Departments and Research Centers Engaged
MEMBERSHIP CONSORTIUM: 2019
Platinum
Gold
2019 PROJECTS PLATINUM DIRECTED PROJECTS AND 2ND YEAR RENEWAL GOLD LEVEL PROJECTS
2019 PROJECT LINEUP Year 2 Projects
Julia Zhang Design and Optimization of Variable Flux Machines for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Qadeer Ahmed Intelligent Vehicle Monitoring for Safety and Security (IVMSS)
2019 PROJECT LINEUP Year 2 Projects
Nicole Sintov Understanding and Improving Consumer Trust In Autonomous Vehicles
Abhishek Gupta Dynamic Routing for Autonomous Vehicles for Transportation and Deliveries
2019 PROJECT LINEUP
Platinum Directed Projects
B.J. Yurkovich Investigation of Multi-modal Shared Fleet Models for Serving the Transportation Needs of Large Urban Campuses and Communities.
Development of a Battery Life Estimation Framework for Automotive Applications Using Supervised Learning
2019 PROJECT LINEUP Platinum Directed Projects
Shawn Midlam-Mohler Physical and Virtual Test Case Development for ADAS and Automated Vehicles
A Robust MPC Framework Based Integrated Motion Planning and Control of an Autonomous Ground Vehicle
2019 PROJECT LINEUP Platinum Directed Projects
Marcello Canova and Matilde D’Arpinio Enabling Technologies for Extreme Fast Charging (XFC)
Giorgio Rizzoni and Jeff Chrstos ADAS and AV Functionality Integration Into Vehicle Dynamics Driver In The Loop Simulator (VDDiL)
2019 PROJECT LINEUP
Carryforward Projects
Jung-Hyun Kim
Cheena Srinivasan
Engineering Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces in High-Voltage SolidState Batteries
Model-Based Estimation and Control of Clutch-to-Clutch Gearshifts In Automatic Transmissions
2019 PROJECT LINEUP
Carryforward Projects
Bilin Aksun Guvenc
Charles Toth
Cooperative Collision Free Path Planning and Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Driving
A Comprehensive Accuracy Analysis of Vehicle Localization with Respect to Imaging Sensor Performance and HighDefinition 3D Geospatial Database
MAXIMIZE YOUR MEMBERSHIP
Connect and Network
External Advisory Board Meetings Membership Research Project Reviews Present Seminars at OSU/CAR
Recruiting
Info Sessions at CAR Support for Corporate Days On Campus Support with ECS Targeted Hiring of Membership Project Students
Train Your Workforce
Free (Limited) Access to Pre-recorded Short Course Library Package Discounts on other Distance and Continuing Education Courses
Other Opportunities
Discounts on Engineering Services Corporate Event/Showcase Support Co-Marketing Opportunities
Mobility Update Maryn Weimer Director of Mobility Senior Associate Director
OHIO STATE MOBILITY Ohio State Mobility: Advancing mobility through transformational technology, accessibility and human centric research
Welcome and Introductions Vision:
Mission: Mobility at The Ohio State University will be a platform to support, align and bring awareness to all mobility initiatives and will focus on the impact of mobility on humans, infrastructure and the environment.
Students: Develop students to be the next leaders and innovators in the field of Mobility. Communities: Uplift a community through mobility innovations for all. Research: Address societal challenges through interdisciplinary research. Industry: Create implementable solutions through synergetic industry relationships. University: Gain recognition as the leader in mobility through elevation of our ecosystem of expertise.
OHIO STATE MOBILITY
OHIO STATE MOBILITY
Ohio State Strength in Mobility Vision for Mobility Pillars of strength – Unique Assets • •
TRC, Airport, Centers Breadth and collaboration
Living Lab • Align with our assets and our vision • Solutions that use campus as an experimental environment where students and scientist live and work • Campus offers a unique place to prepare solutions before they are introduced into society
Human Mission Centered •
• Technology push with a human pull Aligning mobility capabilities with user interface, user trust and user experience in mind
Human Centered Technology Centered
ARC OSU Airport TRC
Ag Ag
Risk Risk Inst. City Inst. City and and Regional Regional Planning Planning CTL
SPIN
College College of of
Social Social Work Work CHPPE SIM Cyber Sus. Security IMR Inst. Arts and and CURA Arts Sciences Sciences
Env Env and and Nat Nat Resources Resources
CDME
ESL Driving Driving Sim Sim
CEMAS
TDAI
CAR
Moritz Moritz
Medicine
Optometry Nursing IBRC
Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Science
44
State of the College David B. Williams, PhD Dean College of Engineering
Overview of NHTSA Vehicle Research and Test Center Frank S. Barickman Chief Applied Crash Avoidance Research Division National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Overview of NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center (VRTC)
U.S. Department of Transportation
Office of the Secretary Office of Inspector General Federal Aviation Administration Federal Highway Administration Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Federal Railroad Administration Federal Transit Administration Maritime Administration
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation Surface Transportation Board
NHTSA Organization
Administrator Administrator NOA-001 NOA-001
Deputy Deputy Administrator Administrator NOA-001 NOA-001
Chief Chief Counsel Counsel NCC-010 NCC-010
Director, Director, External Affairs External Affairs NGA-110 NGA-110
Director, Director, Communications Communications NOA-001 NOA-001
Director, Director, Office of Office of Civil Civil Rights Rights NCR-010 NCR-010
Executive Executive Director Director NOA-003 NOA-003
Chief Chief Financial Financial Officer Officer NFO-010 NFO-010
AA AA Administration Administration NAD-010 NAD-010
Chief Information Chief Information Officer Officer NIO-010 NIO-010
AA AA Communications Communications And And Consumer Consumer Information Information NCO-010 NCO-010
AA AA Research and Research and Program Program Development Development NPD-010 NPD-010
AA AA Regional Operations Regional Operations And And Program Program Delivery Delivery NRO-010 NRO-010
AA AA Rulemaking Rulemaking NRM-010 NRM-010
AA AA Enforcement Enforcement NEF-010 NEF-010
AA AA Vehicle Safety Vehicle Safety Research Research NSR-010 NSR-010
AA AA National National Center Center for for Statistics Statistics and and Analysis Analysis NSA-010 NSA-010
NHTSA Research Organization Associate Administrator For Vehicle Safety Research NSR-010
Tim Johnson, Director, Vehicle Research and Test Center NSR-100
Kevin Moorhouse, Ph.D. Applied Biomechanics NSR-110
Donald T. Willke
Applied Crashworthiness and Defects Analysis NSR-130
Frank S. Barickman
Applied Crash Avoidance NSR-120
Director,
Office of Vehicle Crashworthiness Research NSR-200
Director
Office of Vehicle Crash Avoidance & Electronic Controls Research NSR-300
Human Injury Research NSR-220
Human Factors / Engineering Integration NSR-310
Structures & Restraints Research NSR-210
Intelligent Technologies Research NRS-320
Electronic Systems Safety Research NSR-330
VRTC – NHTSA’s In-House Laboratory • VRTC MISSION STATEMENT: – VRTC Conducts testing, research and development necessary for federal motor vehicle safety standards, recall of defective vehicles, and other safety-engineering objectives in support of NHTSA’s mission
• HISTORY: – 1970: NHTSA formed. NHTSA Research Lab located in Riverdale, MD – 1976: NHTSA’s Engineering Test Facility (ETF) opened at the Transportation Research Center (TRC) to support defect investigations – 1978: Research Lab combined with ETF to form the Vehicle Research and Test Center (VRTC), located at TRC.
VRTC – NHTSA’s In-House Laboratory
Collaborates with other offices to meet the agency’s mission Establish performance requirements for safety standards rulemaking Conduct safety defect investigations Quick response to public issues Complex and basic research programs
Research Expertise • Technical Area’s include: – – – – – – –
Vehicle Dynamics Human Factors Biomechanics and Crash Test Dummies Crashworthiness/Occupant Protection Defects and Failure Analysis Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (auto braking, V2V, etc.) Emerging Technologies and Electronics (Cybersecurity, Automated Vehicles, Electronic Controls, etc.) – Modeling, Hardware-in-the-Loop, Vehicle Simulation
53
VRTC/Contractor Staff • Federal ~ 25 – 22 engineers/professional – 3 contracting/administrative/facilities
• Contract ~ 67 – 31 engineers/professional – 33 engineering technicians – 3 administrative
On-site Contractor Support • Transportation Research Center Inc. – – – – –
Research Scientists & Engineers Engineering Technicians Machine Tool Operator Secretaries & Receptionists Potentially other expertise as needed
• Ohio State University – – – –
Professors (Engineering, Anatomy) Research Scientists & Engineers Students (Graduate and Undergraduate) Post-Mortem Human Subjects Biomechanics Research
• Computer Universal, Inc. – Data acquisition during testing and IT support
Applied Biomechanics Injury Biomechanics Research
Dummy Evaluation and Development Dummy Management
Applied Biomechanics
Applied Biomechanics
Crashworthiness
Defects Analysis
Crash Avoidance Human Factors Research Driver Distraction Research
Rear Visibility and Rear AEB
Quiet Vehicles
Side Mirror Replacement
Headlighting Research
Crash Avoidance Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies Light and Heavy Vehicle Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) Research
Light and Heavy Connected Vehicles
Pedestrian AEB
Surrogate Vehicle Development
Lane Keeping Support
Crash Avoidance Vehicle Electronics
Automotive Cyber Security
Automated Vehicles
Contact Information
Frank Barickman, Chief, NHTSA Vehicle Research and Test Center Phone: 937-666-3315 Email: frank.barickman@dot.gov Tim Johnson, Director, NHTSA Vehicle Research and Test Center Phone: 937-666-3310 Email: tim.johnson@dot.gov
TRC Smart Center Update Brett Roubinek President and CEO Transportation Research Center
SMARTCenter Facility Layout
SMARTCenter VDA 2
SMARTCenter Control Building
SMARTCenter Intersection
TRC Smart Center Update Break Josh Every, PhD Director Advanced Mobility
Safety + Security at Ohio State
Situational Inference via V2X Signals Emre Koksal, PhD Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering
KEY QUESTION
Observations: • V2I modems/RSUs finding its way into new generation networks • Propagation/reflection environment is the road itself • Sparse penetration with messages containing individual vehicles Question: • Can we make inference on the global situation, using only RF signals from a few vehicles?
APPROACH
TRAFFIC SIMULATOR “Simulation of Urban MObility”(SUMO) is used as traffic simulator. It is an open source, continuous road traffic simulation package. It specifies vehicle distribution, routes, traffic statistics, maximum speed, accelerations, etc. for a given scenario.
RAY-TRACING (RT) SIMULATOR Remcom’s Wireless InSite is the RT simulator used in the project.
Predictions of electromagnetic propagation and communication channel characteristics at different environments.
Ray-Tracing Scenario (4 Receivers and 1 Transmitter)
SPECIFIC PROBLEMS 1) Estimating the traffic density (Classification Problem) 2) Queue estimation (Regression Problem) 3) Estimating the future traffic state (Forecasting Problem)
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 3) Estimating the future traffic state (Forecasting Problem)
1) Estimating the traffic density Classifier Standard (Classification Problem) Mean Deviation AdaBoost (Ada) Extra Tree (ET) Logistic Regression (LR) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Decision Tree (CART) Naïve Bayes (NB) SVM
% 80 % 84 % 74 % 74 % 76 % 71 % 75
% 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 0.9 % 0.9 % 1.5 % 0.9
2) Queue estimation (Regression Problem) Regressor Negative MSE Standard Linear Regression (LR)
(Score)_ -485.7
Deviation 12.1
LASSO
-492.3
12.2
Elastic Net
-506.88
12.3
K Neighbors
-402.9
12.5
Decision Tree
-599.0
SVR
Actual
Predicted
87
86
26.0
94
87
-431.0
16.0
23
21
AdaBoost
-434.6
9.0
126
117
Gradient Boosting
-309.6
11.1
26
23
Random Forest
-311.5
9.0
Extra Trees
-307.4
10.7
78
81
77
91
Sample of Actual and Predicted Queue Numbers
REAL DATA COLLECTION VIA SOFTWAREDEFINED RADIOS
RSU
SDR Receiver
REAL DATA COLLECTION VIA SOFTWAREDEFINED RADIOS *** DECODING *** <encoding> 00132941 A4FD0081 0AA80000 050F9030 08043410 CE118800 3022A07D 80834801 010D0406 C4058004 08A01F59 </encoding> <MessageFrame> <messageId>19</messageId> <value> <SPAT> <timeStamp>107773</timeStamp> <intersections> <IntersectionState> <id> <id>8533</id> </id> <revision>0</revision> <status>0000000000000000</status> â&#x20AC;¦.
Received Messages
Decoded Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT) mes
CONTACT
Emre Koksal Koksal.2@osu.edu
Enhancing Security Through Control Systems Abhishek Gupta, PhD Assistant Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering
CURRENT CHALLENGE Driving conditions: speed, steering angle, break fluid, tire pressure, etc.
Tampered ECU
False Data Injection, Denial of Service, Add noise, etc.
THREE LAYERS OF DEFENSE SYSTEMS
• • • •
Prevention
Encryption Firewalls Channel separation Software Practices
• • • •
Detection
Intrusion Detection Hypothesis Test Antivirus Alerts Watermarking
• • • •
Response
Smarter Control Distributed Observers Robust Statistics Performance Optimization
Our contribution: design better response mechanisms
COMMUNICATION ELIMINATION IN CONTROL SYSTEMS •
In a tightly coupled system, very few information bits are needed for resilient control
•
Assumption: Attack has been detected, need to communicate via secure channel
•
Question: Which information to broadcast? • Leads to a high dimensional integer programming problem – computationally hard to solve • Leveraging randomized algorithms to approximately solve the problem
Car on highway: NOx emission info not important
Car is parked: Battery info not important
PROJECTING HIGH DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM INTO A LOW DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM
Random projection preserves a lot of information and structure of the original optimization problem with high probability
ADVERSARIAL REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AGAINST STRATEGIC ADVERSARY
Model free filtering of adversarial noise using deep adversarial reinforcement learning
SIMULATOR FOR REINFORCEMENT LEARNING AND CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH
THANK YOU Thank you!
Research funded by: • NSF • Ford Motor Research • ARPA-E
CONTACT
Abhishek Gupta, PhD Assistant Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering gupta.706@osu.edu 614-247-5077
TOWARDS SECURING VEHICLE CONNECTED SOFTWARE (Mobile apps, OBD-II Dongles, IVI, SDKs, and Cloud)
Zhiqianq Lin, PhD Associate Professor Computer Science and Engineering
MODERN VEHICLE IS BECOMING A PART OF IOT
ALMOST ALL VEHICLES CAN BE CONTROLLED BY IOT APPS
Diagnostic messages OBD-II Dongle
Control signals
IVI System
ARE THEY SECURE?
Malicious messages, e.g., Open the door! Information Thef
ARE THEY SECURE?
ARE THEY SECURE?
Vulnerable to remote attack
Cloud data can be leaked
Vulnerable to remote attack
OUR SECURITY STUDY ON THE VEHICLE RELATED APPS AND OBD-II DONGLES
Car Diagnostic
The Most Popular Car Diagnostic Apps Title
Review
User
Torque Lite (OBD2 & Car)
32789 5,000,000+
o 150+ car diagnostic apps covering various platforms (iOS&Android)
Torque Pro (OBD 2 & Car)
53903 1,000,000+
o 100+ OBD dongles for various functionality (Read sensors, trouble codes, etc)
TorqueScan (Torque OBD Plugin)
Car Scanner ELM OBD2
6986 1,000,000+
DashCommand (OBD ELM App)
14189 1,000,000+
EOBD Facile - OBD 2 Car Diagnostic for elm327 Wifi
11447 1,000,000+ 7011 1,000,000+
ScanMaster for ELM327 OBD-2 ScanTool
10861 1,000,000+
StarLine
19765 500,000+
Obd Arny - OBD2 | ELM327 simple car scan tool
10948 500,000+
Engie - Easy Car Repair
8973 100,000+
OUR SECURITY STUDY ON THE VEHICLE RELATED APPS AND OBD-II DONGLES
The Most Popular IVI Apps Title
User
Bluetooth Auto Connect
5,000,000+
NissanConnect
1,000,000+
FordPass - Fuel, Park Dealers
1,000,000+
myChevrolet
1,000,000+
OnStar RemoteLink
1,000,000+
Car Mode
1,000,000+
myGMC
500,000+
Volvo On Call
500,000+
Toyota Owners
100,000+
BMW Connected
100,000+
IVI (In-Vehicle-Infortainment) App Around 100 IVI apps are collected from different platforms, offering remote control functions Cover most of the car manufacturers (Audi, BMW, Acura, Toyota, Honda, etc)
OUR SECURITY STUDY ON THE VEHICLE RELATED APPS AND OBD-II DONGLES
OUR SECURITY STUDY ON THE VEHICLE RELATED APPS AND OBD-II DONGLES OBD Dongles
Our findings
86 latest OBD dongles compatible with various car models and Android/iOS mobile apps
Weak authentication: 93% of the dongles do not have any connection or application level authentication.
Support functionality such as diagnose, customization and location service, etc.
Poor message filtering: we have confirmed that CAN messages can be injected to a majority of dongles. Firmware upgrading: 4 dongles can be upgraded through mobile apps.
OUR FINDINGS: INJECTING ARBITRARY MESSAGES THROUGH AN OBD-II DONGLE Connection: ip=192.168.0.10, port=35000 >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>>
ATE0 ('Received: ', ”’OK'") ATRV ('Received: ‘, ”13.8V’”) ATH1 ('Received: ‘, ”OK'") ATE1 ('Received: ‘, ”OK’”) AT SP 6 ('Received: ‘, ”OK'")
>>> >>>
09 02 ('Received: ‘, “7E8 10 14 49 02 01 4A 54 4D 7E8 21 52 46 52 45 56 32 45 7E8 …… ”)
>>> >>>
01 0C ('Received: ‘, “7E8 04 41 0C 11 E8”)
Read VIN
Read engine speed
OUR FINDINGS: INJECTING ARBITRARY MESSAGES THROUGH AN OBD-II DONGLE Connection: ip=192.168.0.10, port=35000 >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>>
ATE0 ('Received: ', ”’OK'") ATRV ('Received: ‘, ”13.8V’”) AT SP 6 ('Received: ‘, ”OK’”) AT FC SH 7C0 ('Received: ‘, ”OK’”) AT CRA 7C8 ('Received: ‘, ”OK'")
>>> >>>
3E1 ('Received: ‘, “7C8 01 7E”)
>>> >>>
3BA280 ('Received: ‘, “7C8 02 7B A2”)
Malicious CAN message e.g., controlling windows, unlocking doors, shutting down the engine
OUR FINDINGS: INJECTING ARBITRARY MESSAGES THROUGH AN OBD-II DONGLE
Our testing environment
OUR RESEARCH THRUSTS ON VEHICLE SECURITY Defenses
Offenses (Attack Demonstration)
o o o o o
Dongles IVIs Mobile Apps The SDKs Clouds
o o o o o
Dongle Hardening IVI Intrusion Detection Mobile Apps Hardening CAN Bus Firewalls Secure Cloud Servers
Design principled algorithms, mechanisms, and techniques to secure existing legacy systems, and develop architectures and tools (e.g., SDKs) for building secure systems. This effort is partially supported by OSU faculty research startup fund.
THE OPENXC PLATFORM
â&#x20AC;&#x153;OpenXC allows consumer devices, such as smart phones, to access data from any vehicle. Using OpenXC, you can monitor many of the sensors on a vehicle, enabling new and innovative vehicle-centric applications."
Thank you! Offenses o o o o o
Dongles IVIs Mobile Apps The SDKs Clouds
Defenses o o o o o
Dongle Hardening IVI Intrusion Detection Mobile Apps Hardening CAN Bus Firewalls Secure Cloud Servers
CONTACT Thank you!
Zhiqiang Lin Associate Professor zlin@cse.ohio-state.edu 614-292-0055
Safety + Security at Ohio State Shawn Midlam-Mohler, PhD Director Simulation, Innovation and Modeling Center
Automotive Cybersecurity Evaluation Testbed Qadeer Ahmed, PhD Research Scientist Matt Appel Electrical and Computer Engineering
Pradeep Sharma Mechanical Engineering
EVALUATION OF CYBERSECURITY • • • •
Increasing number of automotive security attacks No standards on evaluation for cyber-assurance Threat and risk associated with vulnerabilities Is there a tool we could use based on cybersecurity research? • • • •
To evaluate the vehicle cybersecurity To test intrusion detection systems To challenge the cyber assured systems To understand the threats posed by third party devices
WHERE DO WE SIT IN THE OVERALL PROCESS? Add Cyber Security to the design process SECURITY EVALUATION
SIMULATION
EXPERIMENTAL
SECURITY MODELS
PEN TESTING
SOLUTION OTHER SIGNAL PROCESSING
CONTROLLER DESIGN
ARCHITECTURE
AUTHENTICATION ENCRYPTION
Current area of focus in the CyberSecurity@CAR Lab
TESTBED OVERVIEW Powertrain dynamics model • •
Sensor simulation Connectivity
Layer of Network simulation
Traffic-in-loop • Connectivity • V2X • TCU (Cellular) • OBD2 • MCP5xxx • Physical ECU
Controller logic & HIL • Physical: CAN, LIN • Simulated: MOST, FlexRay, etc.
TESTBED OVERVIEW
S32K144 (currently not being used)
Linux Machine Running Attacks
Vector
USB2CAN
Host Computer running Real Time Kernel
Extra CAN Nodes with Cell Modems (Particle Electron)
Beagle Bone (working on J1939)
S32K148 (currently running transmission controller)
COMPARISONS VIRTUAL SIMULATION V/S HIL
Basic attacks: GPS message & brake signal Actual Geofence defined area
• Sensor message frame sending malicious signal • GeoFnc signal changed to 1 every 10ms
THANK YOU
Qadeer Ahmed ahmed.358@osu.edu
6
Integrated Circuits and Hardware Security Shane Smith Research Scientist Electroscience Laboratory Eslam Tawfik Senior Research Associate Electroscience Laboratory
Waleed Khalil Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering
INTRODUCING OUR GROUP: CIRCUIT LAB FOR ADVANCED SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (CLASS) • •
65+ years of combined RF, analog, and digital IC industry and academic experience Capabilities Design, model & characterize complex mixedsignal RF IC designs Speeds from DC to 50 GHz Digital-to-Analog Analog-to-Digital Converters (DAC + ADC) Mixers, Modulators, Phase-Lock-Loops, VCOs Radiation hard circuits Read-out integrated circuits (ROICs) Hardware security and trusted microelectronics
•Currently advising 10 PhD (growing in Autumn) 3 Master’s 3 Undergraduates
Recent project examples DC-20 GHz 14-bit DAC w/built-in self calibration Best in class SFDR
performance to 20 GHz
Dual channel 12-bit 2.8 GS/s ADC 8 time-interleaved, 3-
stage, 14-bit sub-ADCs with 2-bit overlap 12 lanes of 5.6 Gb/s output data
WHAT IS AN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT? â&#x20AC;˘
A collection of transistors, other electronic components, and metal interconnections on a common substrate (commonly silicon) 741 operational amplifier die photo (top down)
100 Âľm
3D SEM View
WHY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS? â&#x20AC;˘ Integrating large number of devices in a small chip results in circuits that are orders of magnitude smaller, cheaper, and faster than those constructed of discrete electronic components
IC from previous (to scale)
Discrete implementation (to scale)
HARDWARE SECURITY AND TRUSTWORTHINESS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS? • During encryption/decryption, secret data (example: keys) must be protected In software layer, no secret data exposed in plain-text format Hardware might leak this secret data through unintended side-channels use techniques to prevent information leakage
• Similar to software, hardware can be contaminated by counterfeit devices or trojans • Trustworthiness of supply chain fundamental to detect cloned, recycled, remarked, or unauthenticated parts Include fingerprints (PUFs) Secured, means the hardware is immune against attacks (such as side channel) Trusted, means the hardware does not contain any threats such as hardware Trojans
HARDWARE SECURITY AND TRUSTWORTHINESS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS? •
Most complex ICs contain intellectual property blocks (IP) from many parties • Due to complexity of blocks, not possible to design all at a single organization
•
Use of IP is a potential vulnerability • Trojan insertion (back door, time bomb) hard to detect • OK if IPSystem is trusted on abut Chiphow to prove / verify trustworthiness? 3rd Party IP Cores (trusted?)
Image courtesy Intel
CLASS RESEARCH IN HW SECURITY AND TRUST • Ultra-low Power Secured Crypto-processors iCrypt-I, II, III • Lightweight cryptography for resource constrained devices (IoT) • True Random Number Generator (TRNGs) enhance encryption security • Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) • Cloud based IC design environment IP protection, IP collection, design tracking, and supply chain tracking
CONTACT
Dr. Shane Smith Research Scientist Electroscience Lab smith.2341@osu.edu 614-292-2638
Using a Driver-in-the-Loop Simulator to Assess Functional Safety Jeff Chrstos Research Scientist Center for Automotive Research
Giorgio Rizzoni Director Center for Automotive Research
Tianpei Li Mechanical Engineering
Jaxon Wilkerson Mechanical Engineering
VEHICLE DYNAMICS DRIVER-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATOR (VDDIL) • Compact Footprint ~8’x8’ floor space • Relatively Low Cost for Simulators $75K - $250K • CarSim based • Takes advantage of off-the-shelf hardware and software (where applicable) • ADAS – Functional Safety Driver interaction with systems: SiL and HiL Interaction between ADAS systems System development/tuning with driver
• Simulator development Supplemental cueing system assessment/development Simulator capability/requirements assessment • Supports SCANeR Studio, Unity3D, and QuadDS scene rendering engines rFactor Pro and Unreal Engine 4 also possible
RELEVANCE OF ISO 26262 TO THE SIMULATOR • Scope of ISO 26262 Simulator’s functionality: o ADAS: safe human-machine interface development o Active Safety: systems that help implement driver’s intentions o Vehicle Safety Risk: vary driving style from conservative to aggressive o Electronic Stability Control (ESC): improves vehicle stability by maintaining traction Limit unintended reactions between systems that are dependent on timing and value Balancing reliability with safety when designing
ESC
Vehicle Safety Risk
ADAS
ISO 2626 2
Active Safety
2
CHALLENGES AND PROMISING
APPROACHES FOR ADAPTING ISO 26262
• There Is No Consensus on How Safe is Safe Enough Current functional safety standard does not help to define ASIL levels for automated vehicles ISO 26262 was not designed to accommodate machine learning systems that could be used in automated vehicles • Real-world driving experience is necessary to improve the safety but poses a lot of risks Fleet learning - What if there is a bad driver in the fleet? Defining and learning all fault scenarios? Is there n th possible fault scenarios? Extensive testing and learning is required but it may not safe - how would legislation and society react to that? • Promising Focus Areas Relevant to the Simulator Operational Design Domain Fault injection for edge case testing and autonomy system validation
3
OPERATIONAL DESIGN DOMAIN • Terrains: Ambient lighting Ground conditions Cross and longitudinal slopes Roadway type Geographic areas type
Inclement Weather
• Scenarios: Number and types of traffic vehicles Urban vs rural Traffic light intervals Pedestrians and animals • Fidelity: Create roadways from: o LiDAR scans o Camera tracing Objects’ interaction with sensors
Night Driving
Wireframe Rendered
Dusk Driving
Banked Cross-Slope
Multi-Road Intersection
4
FAULT MODELING AND INJECTION • Types of Mechanical Safety Defects: Tire o Pressure, longitudinal adhesion, lateral adhesion, effective rolling radius Suspension o Damping in bump/rebound, elasticity force, elastic stiffness Brake o Torque at wheel, effective caliper pressure • Fault Injection Disable sensors Efficient edge case testing Control kept in Simulink o Models stressed independently of simulator • Redundancy Design Sensor systems in parallel Hardware-in-the-loop (Potential) 5
HARDWARE (VIRTUAL) CONFIGURATION • Sensors
Placement matches real vehicle Differentiate between moving and static objects Orientation Explore effect of different sensors’ frequency
Simulink Simulatio n
Control Logic
• Obstructions Introduce impediments that limit sensor operation Partially hidden vehicles, pedestrians, objects, etc.
Vehicle Dynamic s
S-Function
Forward Facing LiDAR
• Safely post-process sensor data in a virtual world Supplements real-world testing SENSOR
MODELING ABILITY
Radar
Number of beams, field-of-view
LiDAR
Number of horizontal and vertical beams, range
Camera
Field-of-view, distortion, resolution, and angle of attack
Ultrasonic
Range, field-of-view
GPS
Horizontal precision
Sensor Throws
Forward Facing Camera
6
THANK YOU
Jeff Chrstos chrstos.1@osu.edu Giorgio Rizzoni rizzoni.1@osu.edu
6
TRC Smart Center Lunch andUpdate
Capstone Projects Josh Every, PhD Director Advanced Mobility
Scholarship Recognition
Aptiv Scholarship Recipients
Jake Hassen Mechanical Engineering Baja Buckeyes Team Member
Blaine Miller Electrical and Computer Engineering Underwater Robotics Team Member
Ford Blue Oval Scholarship Recipients Joseph Chiu Electrical and Computer Engineering EcoCAR Team Member
Jackie Karl-DeFrain Mechanical Engineering EcoCAR Team Member
Nick Kopycinski Mechanical Engineering Formula Buckeyes Team Member
Morgan Malencia Mechanical Engineering Formula Buckeyes Team Member
Johnson Controls Scholarship Recipients Mason Hayes Materials Science and Engineering Buckeye Current
Kerri Loyd Electrical and Computer Engineering EcoCAR
Ohio State Energy Partners Smart Campus Challenge Wasted Opportunities Mike Fackler Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
TJ Kirby Mechanical Engineering
Danny Freudiger Mechanical Engineering
Michael Scherping Mechanical Engineering
PROJECT OVERVIEW Food Recovery Network • Largest student movement fighting food waste and hunger • Over 200 chapters Our Mission • Recover wasted food from campus dining locations and deliver to local food pantries
Fight waste. Feed people.
+
SMART CAMPUS CHALLENGE Smart Campus Challenge â&#x20AC;˘ A venture capitalist-style competition to support innovation for campus sustainability
$1 invested
3.5 meals
2.33 lbs
7.5 lbs
DATA ANALYTICS
FUTURE WORK Moving Forward • Demonstrate MVP of technology platform • Work with OSU to utilize vehicles for large pickups DINING SERVICES
Food Recover y Databas e
COMMUNITY PARTNERS FOOD RECOVERY NETWORK
Machine Learning
Additional Funding • Expansion of technology platform to Columbus and other campuses • Use data to support research initiatives
Using connected technology and smart mobility to fight hunger!
THANK YOU
Mike Fackler fackler.33@osu.edu TJ Kirby kirby.209@osu.edu Michael Scherping scherping.1@osu.edu Danny Freudiger freudiger.1@osu.edu
Dwight Blaser Award
Transportation Research Center Inc.
In Closingâ&#x20AC;Ś Marcello Canova, PhD Associate Director Graduate and Continuing Education
Summer School IN
Advanced Mobility
Learn the technical skills required to tackle the key engineering challenges in the field of personal mobility where electrification, connectivity, automation and multimodal transportation systems are radically transforming the automotive industry. This three-day workshop is geared towards engineers, managers and thought leaders in the automotive industry and those related to the transportation sector. May 6-8, 2019 Columbus, OH Learn more at go.osu.edu/MobilitySummerSchool Brought to you by:
The Ohio State University Simulation, Innovation and Modeling Center
The Ohio State University Mobility
Save the Dates October 4, 2019 Fall External Advisory Board Meeting October 5, 2019 CAR Annual Tailgate