Cruz House Redevelopment Project, Baseco, Manila by otto1126

Arch 5731Topical Studies in Urbanism CRUZ HOUSE REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT BASECO , MANILA 1155134236 Otto Chung 1155138951 Leslie Tsang 1155136979 Michael Hui

INDEX 1.0 Site Analysis 1.1 Informality and Regenerative Design 1.2 Materiality 1.3 Construction Method 1.4 Research Conclusion 2.0 Design Solution 2.1 Further Site Analysis 2.2 Schematic Diagram and Sketches 2.3 Plan 2.4 Section 2.5 Public/ Private/ Safety 2.6 Storage for family 3.0 Construction Detail 3.1 Construction Sequence 3.2 Construction Detail 1 - Bamboo and Block Wall 3.3 Construction Detail 2 - G/F Facade 3.5 Construction Detail 3 - Bamboo Roof 3.2 Cost Estima 4.0 Future 5.0 Case Study (appendix)

1.0 Site Analysis

1.1 Informality and Regenerative design Any regenerative design requires an in depth understanding of the existing context. This context is not restricted only in its physical aspects, but also the climatic, physiological and communal aspects of the site. Baseco is at the peninsula of Manila. in 2000, it was recorded that the area had housed 47,017 citizens. The area is primarily served as residential area and mostly in forms of informal structures (Skwater house). The living condition is poor and incomes of household varies but generally people in Baseco lives in poverty. This chapter will explore 3 main aspects of the site: 1. Regeneration and spatial planning 2. Materiality 3. Climate Through the exploration, it is expected that the findings can further consolidate the possible problems of Baseco and assists the team to establish a narrative for the design.

Temporarity and Mix-used zoning Through studying previous regenerative scheme in Baseco, GK district, we can observe the use of universal grid planning only becomes a frame work for the locals to adapt and re-interoperate. Therefore, it is important to design residential projects with flexibility and allocate enough open spaces as communal areas for locals. Studies also show that Baseco is zoned and assigned with programs in a ‘Top-down’ manner. All public facilities are located in the central area of Baseco, whereas the rest of the area are mainly informal housings. Therefore, with little supporting facilities for the community on-site, the new housing projects have very little effect on escalating their social class, economic potential. In any future planning, housing project should be designed with multi- programmatic purposes.

Public and Private From previous studies we have found that the buildings in Baseco commonly has installed security bars at the front to prevent theft and other criminal acts. The concern of safety in the area clearly is an important matter and requires design attention. At the same time, private and public life (Street and household) has a very close connection and a lot of household events and commercial events actually happen on street. This contradictory condition encourages us as designers to think how can we retain this interactive nature between public and private life but also create a more eco-friendly and welcoming neighbourhood.

1.2 Materiality We have taken a virtual tour via google earth to grab a sense of the texture in Baseco. Meanwhile with captures of the most commonly seen materials from their buildings as a steppingstone to our selection. Building material found on site are considered to be primitive and dependence on availability. The most commonly seen materials can be summarized in the following: Concrete blocks, scraped timber sticks, informal wooden panels , metal sheets, bamboo and unfinished cement. The material used on houses can reflect the social and economic status of the household. The material selection is mostly recycled but still unsustainable. As architect, we need to suggest building material that are more sustainable to environment and also withstand the climatic constraints in Baseco.-

A: Foundation B: Wooden Facade C: Multi-purpose Platform D: Wooden Raft E: Main Frame F: Secondary Roof Support G: Primary Roof Support H: Metal Sheet Cover

1.3 Construction Method There is no regulation or restriction on the building form in Baseco. While some regenerative projects has regulate the basic construction of houses, as shown in previous chapter, the locals are more than happy to reiterate and build temporary extention. However, most construction methods can be categorised as ‘Cladding and frame structure’. With minimal income from each household, construction in Baseco involves a contractor and sometimes the family. The advantage of cladding structure allows easy repair and customisation of different material. However, these unregulated structure also poses dangers during typhoon and monsoon seasons. As architects, we should provide a more systematic al and formalised structure for the locals to adapt and make use of their skill set for construction (Self-built).

1.4 Research Conclusion 1. Facade Treatment: Houses to ensure the safety of household, but also retain social connection with the street for communal events or commercial events. 2. Temporarity: Lightweight structure/ cladding structure that allows the flexibility for users to easily change the purpose of space. 3. Material usage: Sustainable, durable and represents the identity of household. 4. Space as journey: Apart from living condition, the need of light, we propose the need of space for assembly and gathering in the household.

2.0 Design Solution

2.1 Further Site Analysis The project aims to identify the balance between private household and public space. The living condition of Baseco is unsustainable and dangerous, there is a similar pattern on the facade of every household, where anti-theft feature (security bar) is installed. However, we also observe that the local community utilises most of their time outside their house on the street, where communal activities occurs. Family Profile Religion: Catholic Family members: 7 Monthly Income: PHP$ 32,600 Occupation: Grandfather (60 years old) | Retired Grandmother (56 years old) | Store keeper Mother (42 years old) | Housewife Father (42 years old) | Accountant 1st Son (10 years old) | Primary school 2nd Son (8 years old) | Primary school 3rd young child, girl (2 years old) | none Project Data District: New Site Existing house: One storey | steel roof | concrete/wood partitions Plot dimensions: Approx 56m2 (9x8m) Project Requirements: New house with two floors + Rooftop Garden + Sari Sari store

Our project needs to accommodate living space for 3 generations, a family of 7, with a convenient store and garden. How can we use vegetation to retain the social connection between the street and the household but also secure their property? How can we improve the living spaces by designing atrium and light well to better create thresholds and journey of experience?

2.2 Schematic Diagram and Sketches

1. Shop House Unit for commercial purpose and interaction with public

TECTONIC TECTONIC

LOAD LOAD BEARING BEARING 3. Concrete block wall and Bamboo structure

PLANTING PLANTING

STORE STORE

SERVICING SERVICING

AREA AREA

SARI SARI SARI SARI

LILIVVININGG

PRIVATE PRIVATE

2. Greening as a permeable barrier for security and privacy

Waste water collection and air vent for toilet

Atrium as light well and gathering space

KIDS MAST E R KIDS MAST E R MAIN MAIN

ELDER DINING ELDER DINING

4. Programming living quarters Circulation of the house: ladder and stairs

Intervention for cross ventilation

2.3 Plans

3 4

8 15 7 12 6

10 11

G/F Plan

1/F Plan

Seating Area

Toilet 1

Back Atrium

Platform for Hanging clothes

G/F Garden

Toilet 2

Internal Atrium/ Stair

R/F Garden

Bath Tank

Dinning Area

Back Atrium

Children’s Room

Central Atrium/ Kitchen

Grandparent’s Room

Master Bedroom

Kitchen at the central atrium to keep the gates in check and also oversee the younger generation while working.

2.4 Sections

Bamboo Sub-frame to hide conduits and electric wires. ‘Tower space’ for meditation with the view of Baseco.

As a platform that can be utilised in future or just as a shelter or green barrier against the street.

Fish net and ladder as an internal playground for the 3 children in this house.

Central Atrium/ Kitchen

Dining Room

Internal Atrium/ Stairs

Children Bedroom

R/F Meditation Space

all

2 1

Atrium are for natural light also as gardens so to have a more pleasant view at room.

Side wall is designed for mounting greening within household.

Stack effect and achieve ventilation by louvred windows at atrium.

Roof top garden as a barrier against the street but still encourage air flow for better ventilation .

Most family gathering space are located at this semi- open space at central atrium based on their habits.

5 2

4 1

G/F Garden at entrance

R/F Garden/ or other programmes

Atrium Bath Tank

Grandparent’s Room

Children Room

This area can be served for future extension of the house.

2 1 3 1

G/F Sari-Sari Store

Toilet

Backyard Atrium for ventilation

Master Bedroom

Platform for hanging clothes/ Other programmes

2.5 Public/ Private/ Safety The interaction between the household and public should be encouraged but also with the awareness of security in the area. Therefore, we have designed the facade with certain permeability so that it can be opened and closed in different time of period. We would like the family to take the ownership of their building and also the design base on our guild lines. (See Construction Detail 2) In this drawing, you can see the facade is closed, only with Sari-Sari Store operating. The atrium then becomes a private space for the family.

While in this drawing, you can see that all the windows are opened and allow outside to walk into the atrium. The kitchen will then becomes the center piece of the area. We suggest that family can run catering business with this scenario or any events during festivals.

2.6 Storage for family The facade of 1/F Bedrooms has adapted the similar design concept as the G/F facade. Both be assembled with bamboo panels made by users. In order to create a comfortable living environment we have designed a slightly more complicated double wall structure so that the room can be seal off from rain and typhoon during monsoon season. As the G/F facade, some of these panels can be opened with louvres to increase the rate of air flow. The voids behind fixed panels are utilised as storage area for the household. These shelves should be as flexible as possible for future iterations.

3.0 Construction Detail

3.1 Construction Sequences - Mixed As research shown that traditionally, each household will hire a contractor to build the framework of their house with concrete block and timber provided. Male members in the house hold will also be involved in construction in order to reduce the cost of the project. We proposed to adapt a mixed construction sequence, with contractor to construct the masonry shear walls and structural components, which members of the household can start preparing claddings and dry walls that are made from bamboo. This allows the household to utilise their skill set and also reduce the cost of construction. Moreover, it also helps the residents to better understand their living space and take ownership in design and construction.

1. Demolish existing house and level the ground with concrete. Contractor to form concrete shear walls.

2. Contractor to install all bamboo beams.

3. Contractor to install raised floor and external floor finishes.

4. Family Member can start helping to produce bamboo dry walls and installed by contractor.

Involvement: Contractor

Involvement: Contractor / Household members

5. Family Member to customise and craft the bamboo panels to be installed on the steel frame from contractor. Involvement: Contractor / Household members

6. Contractor to install bamboo roof. Involvement: Contractor

7. The bamboo facade can be built as just a scaffolding and to be populated with programme in later stage. Involvement: Contractor / Household members

300mm Concrete block wall with emulsion paint 150mm Concrete block wall with emulsion paint Woven bamboo floor 50mm x battens

50mm

timber

4x Bamboo beams

3.2 Construction Detail 1 - Bamboo and Block wall Timber floor board 300mm raised floor

The use of concrete block wall as the primary structure is due to the followings: 1. Availability of material 2. Easy to construct and requires little workmanship 3. Rapid construction 4. Durability and also weather resistance While bamboo is primarily used for secondary structure with reasons as followings:

100mm Bamboo dry wall on raised floor

150mm concrete curb Trench Drain

Cast-in concrete water tank

1. Availability of material 2. Household member can work with bamboo with their skill-set 3. Sustainable material

3.3 Construction Detail 2: G/F Facade The facade is designed to be a barrier to protect the household but also to allow activities to happen between street and house, like commercial activities or daily matters. The contractor should wield a metal frame according to the width of house and allow the household members to decide the panels size. This facade is designed in modules so and meant to be easy to craft, assemble and repair.

20mm x 50mm Timber batten Bamboo (split into half) Steel frame by contractor

3.3 Construction Detail 3: Bamboo Roof The design of the roof is a synthesis of several ideas. It resulted in number of layers without exploiting the structure of the whole project. The raised and permeable bamboo curtain is to encourage cross ventilation, reducing the feeling of heat in summer. The polycarbonate act as a rain screen to block off waters but allowing natural lights into different spaces of the project and the outer layer is a bamboo covering that aim to block off the heat.

Halved Bamboo Covering Secondary Bamboo Beam (Double Fixed) Polycarbonate Sheet

Halved Bamboo Covering

Bamboo Purlin

Primary Bamboo Beam (Double Fixed)

Polycarbonate Sheet

Bamboo Truss Foldable Ratten Curtain

Bamboo Purlin Bamboo Column Polycarbonate Sheet Foldable Ratten Curtain Bamboo Slices

Halved Bamboo Covering Polycarbonate Sheet Bamboo Purlin

Bamboo Beam

Steel rod Nut Cupwasher Bamboo Beam Bamboo Column

Concrete Block Wall 0 Scale

Construction Sequence of the Roof Step 1.

Step 2.

Step 1. Concrete block wall and extended Bamboo structural system as the foundation of the roof. Step 2. Fixing bamboo truss on top of concrete wall and thin bamboo flooring serving as viewing platform. Step 3. Added secondary bamboo beams and adjustable bamboo curtain for ventilation and support. Step 4. Bein to layout structural support for viewing platform on top of 1/F

Step 3.

Step 4.

Step 5.

Step 6.

Step 5. Added bamboo frame as a support the main polycarbonate sheets. Step 6. Stitching the polycarbonate sheets onto the bamboo frames as a rain screen and allowing natural lights in atrium area. Step 7. Added secondary bamboo mullions on top of the polycarbonate as a support to the final layer Step 8. Finishing off with a bamboo layer to act as a heat barrier

Step 7.

Step 8.

The Making of Bamboo Structure (Case Study) The following bamboo construction studies are referenced to the Carlos Leduc Montano Workshop of the UNAM Faculty of Architecture , in Mexico, with the aim of questioning the traditional teaching methodologies in the country’s architecture schools. In this case, different bamboo construction strategies were tested , based on the vertical integration of students from all semesters. Each team had 20 pieces of 6 meters long, with which 22 rest pavilions were articulated inside the university campus.

Reference:

https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/767330/mexico-df-taller-de-construccion-con-bambu-levanta-22-pabellones-experimentales-en-la-unam

Current plan and spatial arrangement

4.0 Future

4.1 Future Configuration and Housing Typology In order to accomdate requirements changing through time, we have planned the buidling will open floor plan, expect for the shear walls at both sides, all dry walls can be removed to reconfiguarte the spatial condition. Most essential programme such as kitchen and toliet are located in ground floor and the upper floor has been allowed with space for future expansion. Our approach is to create a general framework for user to adapt and re-design. That is why the open space is very important in this building.

5.0 Case Study Appendix

Why Such Cases

Context of GK Baseco

General Principals

Structures

Cases

1. Terraced architecture 2. Organic plot 3. Local skill set 4. Material availability

1. Adaptability 2. Self-built 3. Up-cycling materiality 4. Fit into Urban context

1. Structure/ Construction Method 2. Facade/ Movable Partition 3. Roof/ Ceiling/ Shelter

1. House V, Arkosis 2. Pemulung House, IBUKU 3. Chacras Project, Natura Futura Arquitectura, Colectivo Cronopios

The project aims to identify the balance between private household and public space. The living condition of Baseco is unsustainable and dangerous, there is a similar pattern on the facade of every household, where anti-theft feature (security bar) is installed. However, we also observe that the local community utilises most of their time outside their house on the street, where communal activities occurs. Our project needs to accommodate living space for 3 generations, a family of 7, with a convenient store and garden. How can we use vegetation to retain the social connection between the street and the household but also secure their property? How can we improve the living spaces by designing atrium and light well to better create thresholds and journey of experience?

1.4.1 Case 01 The roof determines the area of the house, not walls. Steel Truss Structure to support roof, minimal obstruction to ground to keep open plan. Steel members can be produced off site in parts, easy to transport and assemble on site. All walls can be customised according to user’s needs. Double roof with polycarbonate sheets to minimise solar gain Levelled to facilitated uneven ground. *Although the house has been designed to suit a particular client, it is possible that we can adopt the approach of a standard steel truss structure roof and allows locals in GK Baseco to customised their living space.

House V Year : 2016 Architect: Arkosis

Dimension of House V

840mm 840mm

1 varas 1 vara =

an old Spanish unit of measure

Scale

Structure of House V

Dimension of House V

Roof

Void

Ceiling

Partition/ Wall 2

Steel Truss Structure

Block wall/ Concrete Plinth

Double Skinned roof with ceiling void for essential services and avoid solar gain.

Open space can change program and purpose of space and ventilation.

Black walls or partition to be customised according to the 0.84m grid.

Easy extension mezzanine level.

Scale

Possibility

Roof as a module of regeneration or as an extension for the existing community of GK Baseco. The roof will contain the essential building surfaces and as shelter where the walls are up to the resident to assemble base on their needs and programmatic needs.

Back Front

House V. Roberto D´Ambrosio. https://www.arkosis.com/casa-v

Open space

Living Unit

1.4.2 Case 02 Located in Denpasar, the project is a set of 14 housing units of 18 m2, which also includes bathrooms, storage, kitchen and common areas, to allow the meeting and work of its inhabitants. The houses are created as modules with main living spaces on the first floor and a mezzanine sleeping area above. Room for safe storage of recycled materials was also integrated into the design. Its floors and walls are made of bamboo, and it is designed so that the wind can penetrate the entire building, decreasing its interior temperature. Recycled materials are also incorporated, such as bottles and tetra pack packaging for the roofing and insulation.

Pemulung House Year : 2011 Architect: IBUKU

Elevation of Pemlung House

2000

2500

Structure of Pemlung House

Construction Detail

1. foundation 2. primary structure 3. secondary structure 4. floor matt 5. wall panel 6. roof 7. facade 8. feature window

1. foundation 2. primary structure 7 3. secondary structure 4. floor matt 5. wall panel 6. roof 7. facade 8. feature window

4 2

7 3

Ownership

1.4.2 Case 03 The project was built in May 2016 during a period of 10 days. Natura Futura Arquitectura along with Cronopios-El Oro (a cultural management collective) carried out the different processes. After proposing an emerging design, we made calls through press, digital media networking and word of mouth. Donated materials and tools are collected, and volunteers gather for the construction; they are trained to perform the various daily tasks that will achieve the construction of the project. It focused on the material adaptability and the play of façade with the potential of Upcycling. The Mobility of partition allows the potential to change and adapt for specific use in the future.

Chacras Project Year : 2016 Architect: Natura Futura Arquitectura + Colectivo Cronopios Location : Reserva Ecologica Militar Arenillas, E50, Ecuador

Facade Development

Structure of Chacras Project

10010 7735 2190

1020

2300

2145

570

2380

3510

3390

Elevation A

8290

Elevation B

3585

1120

A: Bedroom 01 B: Living Room C: Kitchen D: Bedroom 02 E: Multi-purpose Platform

0 1:100

Elevation of Chacras Project

Section of Chacras Project

Elevation A

Elevation B 0

Scale

Construction Method These pictures showcase how the components are being assembled.

Interactive Facade The design allowed parts of the façade to be open up, making it as an interactive device, which we can consider in our design.

Exploded Axonometric Diagram

Possibilities The recycled wooden boards can be replaced with different materials, such as bamboo, plastic bottles and other up-cycled materials.

A: Foundation B: Wooden Facade C: Multi-purpose Platform D: Wooden Raft E: Main Frame F: Secondary Roof Support G: Primary Roof Support H: Metal Sheet Cover

Conclusion

4 1. foundation 2. primary structure 3. secondary structure 4. floor matt 5. wall panel 6. roof 7. facade 8. feature window

2 7 5 3

Case 01 : A Functional Roof

Case 02 : The Ease of Construction Method

Case 03 : Interactive Facade

We wanted to enhance programming into the roof so it serves different purposes rather than just to provide shading and shelter.

We wanted to extract the ideas with bamboo construction as it is a highly sustainable material which construction method provides opportunities for different designs.

We will incorporate the idea of an interactive façade so that the occupants can “play” with their home.