Portfolio 2016 2017 by otto1126

THE CHIPPY PORTFOLIO 140007590 Otto Ho Yin Chung 2016-2017

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project would not be possible without the support of tutors, Amy and James. I am also thankful to all the colleagues in our group, whom inspired and encouraged me throughout our discussions.

MATERIAL POETICS Primer exhibition

Our studio embraces the idea of 'Thinking Through Making'. By looking, touching, or even smelling materials, it is possible to inform a process, even a design. Rather than configuration of concept through researches and working on other 3D programs, the building will be coevered later by material that works against the design. 2

A celebration of all objects that were made during primer. A sense of mess, but also united by the craftiness of these works.

PRIMER The stage of Primer focuses on experimenting the possibilities of a range of Bioplastics. The outcome was not clear and is not aimed to achieve certain conclusion. Another focus of this stage is the linkage between Bioplastic and the site, Scarborough. The material is rather new to the context, why should it presented to the public and the typography of this seaside town? At the end of Primer, a pavilion was designed, called 'Scarborough Beach Hut' situated along the coast, so the people of Scarborough can dwell within and enjoy their fish and chips during summer. These huts are cladded with pieces of 'Potato plastic' (Starchtic), which will decade seasonally, reflecting the seasonal tourism economy of the town. The Primer established a clear aim for the final project at the later stages. The most important contribution was the researches of the properties of Starchtic which hugely impacts on the technology of the building. The connection of Starchtic and the site was also strengthened, which then would lead to the exploration how the potato can graduate becomes Starchtic that is integrated as a building facade.

STARCHTIC EXPLORATION Starchtic Definition

St-ar-ch-tic. A combination of 'Starch' and 'Plastic', it is a biodegradable plastic that is made from starch, vinegar, glycine and water.

Potato plastic was chosen to be the final material to work on. However, different ranges of plastics are also tested during the Primer stage, such as: Milk plastic (casein plastic), Tapioca plastic, Corn starch plastic... Different approaches were used but most of these methods were rather low tech, and these ingredients would be found in kitchen cupboards or any of the supermarkets. All of these experiments aim to be as simple as possible, so that the consumer can also produce it at home at any age, encouraging public engagement to this project.

Display of all samples in Primer A wider range of plastic can be made possible by starch, and also with varies of textures.

CASEIN PLASTIC Milk is first used to produce plastic, even before the discovery of petroleum. The product is a slimy and sticky material that smell exactly like cheese. By adding vinegar, the 'Casein' within milk is separated from the water contain, forms the plastic we need. Recipe: 1. 500ml Full fat milk 2. 4 teaspoon of vinegar 3. A pot 4. Tea spoon 5. Sift 6. Kitchen towel/ paper

Cooking Casein Plastic The vinegar reacts with the casein and separates with the water content within the mixture. It smells like cheese, soft cheese, but warm.

Moulded product Moulds started growing on the bottom of the mould and possibly weaken the structure of the brick.

A Casein Brick

(process of curing)

The mass of the material requires 2 days to dry the brick and forms a rather brittle structure, like old cheese.

TAPIOCA PLASTIC This recipe is similar to frying chips, the product is a strong, yet less dense than other Starchtic. When baking the mixture, air bubbles will be created and naturally become a good insulator. Recipe: Ratio: 2: 2: 0,5 1. 2 tablespoon of tapioca starch 2. 2 tablespoon of water 3. 1 teaspoon of oil 4. A baking tray 5. Oven 6. Mould

Deep-fried The bubbles that formed during the baking process is ideal to become a light material, not for construction, but probably insulation of spaces.

Straw and Tapioca Baked piece are full of bubbles and filled with airs which makes the structure weak. Moreover, the rapid loss of water causes the crispy skin cracks easily. Straw is added to maintain the tensile strength.

POTATO PLASTIC Potato Starchtic is among all experiments, the most versatile material, different form and properties can be achieved. This material results in a strong smell because of the use of vinegar. Potato starch can be found easily from Fish and Chips, mashes at home, starch can be extracted by soaking potato in water and further collect starch powder after dehydration. Potato plastic is also the main focus of this project. Recipe: Ratio: 1: 0.5: 0.5: 4 1. 1 tablespoon of potato starch 2. 1 teaspoon of vinegar 3. 1 teaspoon of Glycine 4. 4 tablespoon of water 5. A pot 6. A stove 7. Sift 8. Clean film 9. Pastry roller 10. Pastry bags

Straw and Tapioca Baked piece are full of bubbles and filled with airs which makes the structure weak. Moreover, the rapid loss of water causes the crispy skin cracks easily. Staw is added to maintain the tensile strength.

Starchtic with Paprika and Vanilla

The Madaline Project

This piece creates a very sweet smell and looks like jerky!

Rather than Casein, this Madaline is made from potato plastic.

ROLLING THE POTATO PLASTIC Among all the plastics, potato starchtic is most suitable to be moulded. It is rather easy to work with compares to tapioca plastic and much harder than milk plastics. The texture of an uncured potato plastic is similar to a raw dough. By rolling it out like a French Pastry, this plastic can incorporate with other materials or mix with other colours to create a certain pattern.

Ingredients... Different materials that were added during the experiments. Like: Paprika, Pine extracts, colour addictive.

How to roll a plastic? A non-stick surface is recommended, so that the plastic can be peeled off easily after the rolling.

Primer exibition Interaction between the material of the users is the most interesting outcome of the exibition. Jellish? Rough? Smelly? Or Beautiful?

Non-stick is essential! The stickiness of the material is one of the best and worst properties. It sticks to whatever surfaces it is lay on, but at the same time, it is difficult to work on. It is preferred to use smooth surface or use extra starch powder on hands.

Cooking potato starch plastic

The procedures are similar to pastry making, roll it out and add the material you want. Then fold it back to size and again roll it out.

It is important to mix all substances before cooking. Lumps will be produced during heating and you need to stir the mixture consistently to prevent it from burning. The final product should be a slimy and 'jelly' material that can be shaped and squeezed.

Clean film is used to prevent the material from sticking to the roller.

Claddings for the Dome These experiments are finally used on the dome of the beach hut of Scarborough. Variation in colour is achieved by adding colour addictive As seen, patterns can be made by positioning different colour before rolling it out.

Adding Fibre These fibre can be obtained by tearing a flex rope apart. The finer and spread they are, the stronger the plastic will become. It has also prevented the plastic from cracking and created holes during the experiments. Naturally, these can also be hairs from human, horse or pigs, or from dry plants.

Fibre + Starchic = Perfect When Starchtic dries, as 50 percent of the mass consists of water, the product cracks and break easily, especially in thin pieces. Ideally, fibre should be added to hold the material together. This fibre is far better than the ones shown before.

SCARBOROUGH

The economy of the town Scarborough is a seaside town in Yorkshire. It was a very popular vacation spot since the Victorian times. As the tourism economy flourishes, the fishing industry by the sea was overtaken by the amusements and spas, forming a tourism facade along the coast of Scarborough. However, the over dependence of tourism industry has caused the lack of community infrastructure for the people of Scarborough. The economy is also restricted by the seasons and weather, which impacts on the population of the tourist around the UK.

Painting of the zoned economy The economy of Scarborough is separated by the levels, facing the coast, tourism economy will domain the site, other places become residential or local faculties.

Seasonal Economy Research on the number of closed restaurants

The side effect of the vibrant tourism industry is the restriction by the weather. Once tourists population reduces, the economy will together collapse. This is greatly reflected on the typography of Scarborough, with most of the restaurant closing throughout the winter or even closed permanently due to difficult times as the younger generation hardly goes to the beach for holiday. 32

There are a great number of restaurant that are not running in business. The collage shows the high concentration of closed restaurants in Scarborough.

SCARBOROUGH HUTS Beach huts are eco-friendly shelter that allow people stay and enjoy their stay on the beach. Constructed by timber frames in dome shapes, it is aimed these structures needs to be cladded with Starchtic pieces every summer before use. As the degradable properties of the material, it will start falling off during the winter and the Starchtic will be wash away by the sea, returning to the nature. In addition, as a temporary structure, it shows a more interesting typography that reflects the seasonal economy of the town, rather than remained closed. As the Starchtic claddings are easy to make, the project is ran as a community event, encouraging the public to get involved in the creation. Through this process, the public can understand more about food and this new technology, also to join as a member in developing this new technology.

Fish and chips hut Initial ideas of the linkage of potato and Starchtic. From potato to fish and chips and then strange Starchic, clad on the roof. It is interesting to see the relationship between these material.

BRIEF

S C A R B O R O U G H 2016-2017 The Chippy

The brief is hugely inspired by 'Hungry City', written by Carolyn Steel. She mentioned the disembodiment of nowadays catering industry and our eating habit. This situation can also be seen in Scarborough, where local food source is forced to close down in order to make way for the major tourism industry. Steel argued that food brings people together and forms society. In Scarborough, markets are being replaced by Tesco, Waitrose in the sub-urban area. These issue results in the disembodiment of food and human body, also creating fragments within the society. In order to achieve 'Sitopia' (Utopia of food), which Carolyn has mentioned in her book, this project aims to design a building that reunited human bodies with food. Yet, it is not only a project that hopes to bring back the old times, it is also a building which promotes and experiments on the future. Previously, the Scarborough Huts reflects the seasonal economy of Scarborough and represented it on the facade, which impacts the typography. This time, 'The Chippy' is going to bring a brand new economy to the town, 'Science'. Scarborough is famous its fish and chips and this creates an important linkage with the potato plastic (Starchtic) that was being experimented. From potato to chips and Starchtic. This building aims to create not only a place for eating and trading for food, it is a place that explore the possibility to create a new material out of the traditional fish and chips shop.

EXPORT TO IMPORT Further investigation found that the seasonal tourism industry has also destroyed many industries in the region, such as: farming, production, and fishing. Before Victorian times, Scarborough was mainly depending on fishing industries, which the fishermen will catch cods in the North seas. These cods will then be exported to inland Yorkshire or London. Surrounding the town, is the dale, where farming industry was active. With rich natural resources, Scarborough was a town where food resource was not a main concern. After the growth of tourism industry, it mostly eliminated all other industry in town and the population rapidly grew and Scarborough then expanded and created residential zones that surrounded the town. The town becomes in need of importing raw material and branches of supermarkets start to appear in each residential areas, causing isolation within the community, as they probably never need to go the town to grab food. Farmland

Market

Fishing spot

High street

Transport Tourism of fish Facade

High street

Sub-Urban housing with supermarket

Archive Labolatary

Bar

Kitchen and workshop

Shop

Labolatary

Bio Plastic Making Kitchen Raw Food Kitchen

Argiculture storage

Hydropinic plantation

Normal Kitchen

Sushi/Tapas Bar

Dining Area Sea Food storage

Labolatary and Archive Kitchen and workshop

Fish Market

Bar

Shop Hydropinic plantation

Kitchen Argiculture storage

Power Plants

Labolatary and Archive Cycle of the Starctic

Kitchen and workshop

Sea Food storage

Bar

Shop

Bio Plastic Kitchen Hydropinic

From Potato to Fish and Chips and then finally Starchtic, it informs a possible programme for the project. Also in material wise, it is recycling the waste that we created.

Kitchen

plantation

Argiculture storage

Power Plants

PROGRAMMES

Fish Market

Sushi Bar Kitchen for Raw

Sea Food storage

Fish Market

Labolatary and Archive

In order to create the 'Sitopia' and cure the fragmented society of Scarborough. The deign aims to re-think the food chain, mainly about potato. By establishing a connection between potato, fish and chips and Starchtic, a basic programme list started to form. Rather than just bringing back local farms and fishing industry, the production of Bioplastic adds a new side to the catering industry. As 30 percent of starch within potato dissolves into the water while soaking. We can use these starch to create Starchtic product, which is Eco-friendly.

Bar

Shop

Bio Plastic

Hydropinic plantation Kitchen

Kitchen

Sushi Bar Kitchen for Raw

Argiculture storage Dining area

Power Plants

Fish Market

SITE SELECTION This site situated along the coastline of Scarborough, but it is also connected to the High street and other major infrastructures in town. The centre location is suitable for a building which provides varies activities and serves the community as a trading and chilling space, it might also attracts tourists into the building, The transportation of materials are also fairly easy as it is near to the fish market and the general market locates on a higher ground. This location also allows us to provide a chance to soften the strong tourism facade by the shore. Connected with the high street, which more locals circulate.

A strip of the site Conceptually, the site becomes a strip that connects the town, by organising the production of materials and also the connections of the fragments of community.

Sectional model

Painting2

54 55 The building will construct a network of trade from the dale to the coast. Linking people and food together throughout Scarborough.

Conceptual painting the strip

BUILDING CONCEPT An Abstract of the Messy Grid This essay is mainly a discussion of order, it questions point to the basic building form and concept. Grid was finally chosen for its flexibility for freedom and creativity, rather than represents this creativity in a physical form. The grid becomes a basic regulation for spaces and management, while the messiness of the activities will domain the space, define the space itself. Organic or Grid? The Grid, is visually less attractive and probably conveys a more neutral gesture on its appearance. Yet, the united volumes of spaces within the grid provide a chance for the users to freely arrange spaces to achieve complexity. The emptiness of space with the grid is a mean of unknown, as Kenya Hara stated in his book, White, 'Emptiness provides a space within which our imaginations can run free'.Once the grid spaces are occupied, the visual focus will be shifted to the richness of the activities that accommodate between those lines. The grid is also functionally more satisfied, where the programs can freely re-arrange throughout the year and create variation in the spatial arrangement. The Messiness of the society Carolyn Steel is the author of the 'Hungry City'. This book is one of the inspiring text that I came across at the primer stage and hugely influenced the concept of the Chippy. She argued that the true disorder is in fact the orderly planning of urban spaces. For example: The availability of technology allows suburban area settles further away from the food source, which then results in supermarkets culture, finally causes the public to slowly loses understanding about food. Therefore, the Chippy is designed rather neutral as a space. It is not totally out of control and enable the messiness to overwhelmed the space, but the grid establishes a minimum rule on the size and volume of the space, allowing the inhabitants to adapt and brings their order of the production chain into the building. Within the grid, farm, market, restaurant and workshop are related to one another not restricted by an orderly space, creating the 'Sitopia'.

Conceptual drawing of the messy grid How the grid has become not a restriction, but a guideline for further freedom, a messiness.

DEVELOPMENT OF SKETCHES By sketches, spaces can be created in no time. The exploration of form can also be tested in no time. Yet, I think it is more important to create a space that organised rationally according to its functions and needs during the changes of seasons.

Development drawings

Massing of an organic Chippy

By using sketches of views to create a journey of the building, trying to inform the possible relationship of spaces.

The woven and superimposed spaces creates a complicated representation for the design. Yet, the space within will be difficult to plan.

CONGESTION OF KITCHEN PEAS HARVEST

PEAS SEEDING

CONGESTION OF SPACES Inspired by OMA's Diagrams created for the Yokohama Master-plan. This graph presents the main programmes and its congestion rate during the year. I think this is the most abstracted method to understand how the spaces can be linked and finally organised. For example, the congestion rate of the kitchen, dinning space increases rapidly during the summer, while the remaining days are rather free. Therefore, the data suggests the design of these spaces can be flexible to accommodate the need of different seasons.

POTATO HARVEST

POTATO SEEDING

CONGESTION OF DINING AREA CONGESTION OF FARMING PATCH

CATCHING RATE OF CODS

PRODUCTION OF STARCH

CONGESTION OF GALLERY CONGESTION OF WORKSHOP

PRODUCTION OF WASTE

Congestion of programs Rather than shapes and massing, the graph uses the most abstracted expression, in numbers to investigate the connection between programmes. Throughout the year, it shows the congestion of kitchen dinning spaces and farming patch.

GRID

CORE

MASSING Grid + Core By sketches, spaces can be created in no time. The exploration of form can also be tested in no time. Yet, I think it is more important to create a space that organised rationally according to its functions and needs during the changes of seasons.

Sense of the hub Fun palace and Pompidou centre are the most known grid architecture and convey the most flexible space organisation. However, the materiality of steel works rather different with the Bio-plastic. The use of timber is more appropriate with Starchtic.

DESIGN PRECEDENT Pompidou centre, Renzo Piano

Kengo Kuma, Community Food Hub. (http://68.media.tumblr.com/b74c23528ea07ce1cddffa93a6ff697f/tumblr_nlstsd3wNZ1qahrc8o2_1280.jpg)

Fun Palace, Cedric price Community Food Hub, Kengo Kuma Walmer Yard, Osaka Folly, Peter Salter

Renzo Piano, Pompidou centre. (https://rsapfall2013.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/pompidou_06s.jpg)

Fun Palace and Pomidou centre are classic examples of the use of grid and creating open plan spaces. The services of Pompidou Centre particular inspired me on how the Chippy's services can circulate around the building. The community food hub by Kengo Kuma is one another example that I have looked at, on the use of material and its organisation of space and how to construct spaces out of grids. On the other hand, I have been looking at Peter Salter's drawings as a reference on my renders. It is less posh and clean, but rather showing the life and the messiness of the activities within it. 64

Representation Most of the renders produced for architecture is about the spatial organisation and material. Yet, it is also about the activities and users that accommodates within

Cedric Price, Fun Palace. (http://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=Z9iDZc2v&id=01CD6E639D0CACF531971C4CF32FC07276DE6831&thid=OIP. Z9iDZc2vjBkGIo_YNw2ZUQEsCq&q=fun+palace&simid=608015307286512777&selectedIndex=4&ajaxhist=0)

Peter Salter's drawing, Uknown Project. (http://68.media.tumblr.com/6ba9cf372d0539ec72c9dd46b225af82/tumblr_ o67zhrMdu71rpjg5ho4_1280.jpg)

PROGRAMMES

There is a schedule for the programmes, which is linked by the production of the material. From the bottom floor, raw materials enters the building and transporting to upper levels, where food is made and then the starch are further transfered to the top floor for experiment. This is then cladded on the facade.

1:1000

Ground Floor:

Fish Market

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First Floor:

Restaurant

1:200

First and Second Floor:

Sushi Bar Drying Deck

1:200

Third Floor:

Workshop Gallery

1:200

All Floor:

Experimental Deck

Hydroponic Farms Providing exotic herbs

UBRAN CONTEXT The Chippy is no longer just a building that allows trading, catering. Its identity is to connect the society by route, connecting the food chain of Scarborough. Returning to the Primer, the project has always concerned on Urban representation, the typography of Scarborough. As an extension of an original Chippy, it is necessary to incorporate this building with the Chippy. The facade of the building will be preserved, while steel bars will be used to support the walls and create a single volume within the building. The programme of the building will remain the same.

Congestion of programs

Rather than shapes and massing, the graph uses the most abstracted expression, in numbers to investigate the connection between programmes. Throughout the year, it shows the congestion of kitchenm dinning spaces and farming patch.

Facing the high street, the Chippy is emerged with the original Chippy and the Bioplastic facade expands to the urban.

People on the coast can get access from the front and circulate through the building to the higher level of the town.

1:100

Starchtic

Potato

Fish and Chips

MATERIAL TRANSPORTATION This section shows how material is being transported and the relationships of spaces by material. The central atrium of the building act as a space of transporting fish, cooked food and potato starch vertically. From the higher ground, raw material of the Dales are received, and transported down to the kitchen and become meals. At last, wastes are produced and being transported to the ground level and transported.

1:100

Fish Waste

92 1:20

93 Showing the materiality and construction of the facade and parts of the steel structure.

Detail section

Prototype of the Facade

Techical detial of the facade

The initial idea is to use copper claddings to cover parts of the facade..

The bioplastic rests on a metal wire and is attached on a timber frame. This frame is then screwed intothe grid structure. Therefore, when summer ends, the staffs can unscrew the frame and replace bioplastic easily.

STARCHTIC FACADE IN WINTER The Facade will be fully clad and become an insulating layer against the weather of winter.

1:100

STARCHTIC FACADE IN SUMMER After 5 months of decade the facade will become thinner than before. So that air can flow through the building easier to achieve ventilation. The Starchtic windows will also be opened and creates shading for the sun.

1:100

FACADE DURING WINTER

FACADE DURING SUMMER

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VIEWING FROM THE WATERFRONT IN WINTER

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SUSHI BAR ON THE FIRST FLOOR

VIEWING FROM THE BEACH 108

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TOWARDS FLEXIBILITY The old and new version of the technology applied to the project are mainly about its structure and the scheme of programming. Steel and concrete were chosen in the first place, but soon was replaced by timber and steel to create a more flexible structure, creating open spaces. The schedule of programs was once planned to establish on a certain rule which will be changed seasonally. It was then changed to a more flexible approach.

TECHNOLOGY 2016-2017 The Chippy

Juntions of the columns

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ORIGINAL STRUCTURE The structure is inflexible and robust. The Structural frame is constructed by steel, as Vierendeel truss. The core of the building, like the restaurants and other major spaces are constructed by concrete.

Copper Cladding

Timber floor finishing Insulation

Concrete panels with heat pipe

Reinforced concrete floor

Concrete Column

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1:20 Section

TOWARDS FLEXIBILITY Technology Report Part 2

The major alternation of this stage of the project is the re-justification of material and structure. The use of timber,rather than steel, creates a lighter shelter and reduces the structure needs. It is now mainly consisting of steel and timber columns with a specially designed joint. The use of Starchtic is becoming more experimental, as the skill of treating Starchtic is getting more mature. There are two types of method developed. The further understanding of the material also provide a chance for the material to further integrated into the environmental design.

Junctions of the columns

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FINAL STRUCTURE Using steel and timber structure, the building is lighter and possible to create more flexible spaces.

Bolts for hanging starchtic

Timber panels

Insulation

Insulation Concrete floor panels

Timber panels Steel Column

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STUDIO TECHNOLOGY

The 2 methods of making Starchtic facade The two method of treating the material is rather similar, but will create different forms. The first method is cladding, which the plastic is put on a mesh and let it dry and contract. This results in a flat, thin layer of material that is suitable for replacing glass. It is also easier to be controlled by labour. The second method is the hanging method, which a square frame is needed, (in the case of the Chippy, it will be the building structure that will hold the plastic). The mesh will be created with a certain spot, by gravity the plastic will combine with the mesh and copy the shape.

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STUDIO TECHNOLOGY Starchtic in everyday life

This is a hat made from Starchtic on a mesh. The technology is not the most refined way to produce object of everyday life. However, it is believed that the technology will become more advanced and become possible material to construct.

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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN The effects of Starchtic

During summer, the Starchtic facade will be arranged to reduce solar gain at day time. On the top of the facade, the Starchtic panels will be more opal to avoid sunlight penetration. In order to maximise the natural ventilation, these claddings will be opened to allow the wind penetrate the spaces. In addiction, most of the insulated panels will be taken, so the building will become one single space and all spaces can be used for events. During winter, the facade will act the other way round. On the top, these Bioplastic are less opal and more transparent, in order to maximise the solar gain. Other parts of the facade will be thickened to avoid the cold wind from penetrating the spaces within. During the winter, insulated panels will be installed in the restaurant, so that it can be used during the day and also at night.

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REFLECTION The use of steel was initially decided because of the stability of the structure. However, the sense of steel has worked against other material used within the building. The whole concept of the structural grid is to provide a flexible space for people to experiment Starchtic. The material is natural, but when clad on to a steel frame, the two material does not come well together. The use of timber connects with the site context, reminds people of the old timber pier in Scarborough. Starchtic is an interesting material to physically work with, but it is at the same time, very hard to create a complete object. The method is primitive and low tech, similar to the building of mud houses and tents that are made from hides. Yet, there is also a sense of craftiness and element of fun because of its unsuitability.

PRECEDENTS Pompidou centre, Renzo Piano Tamedia Office Building, Shigeru Ban Sainsbury Centre for art, Norman Foster IRUS Factory, Nicholas Grimshaw

Although the method of curing the plastic is not yet mature, but after a year of research and refinement of the material, the plastic is now more capable to make a range of different object. It is possible that in the future that this strange facade can become a more user friendly facade. This project is highly defined by the grid. Since the start of the design, the design has progressively embraced the grid and its structure. I think the reason is because the grid is conceptually and technologically more reasonable than the previous thoughts of mine. This is because the programmes, layout, cladding and facade is linked with the Starchtic technology closely. As Starchtic is not a developed material, this building cannot be certain on its function or form now. Therefore, a grid form with exile structure is the most suitable system. The spaces are not designed by architect, it is a space that convey creativity and freedom on developing its possibility. If we look at all the precedents, Sainsbury Centre, Pompidou Centre or Fun Palace, these spaces are formed with a grid, a structural grid and a huge space for any kind of events or future development. The choice of material has also been clearly considered. The initial use of material is concrete and steel, steel structural grid as a shelter and concrete frame building within. However, these material does not reflect on the aspect of experiments of Starchtic. The hybrid steel and timber construction allows us to think of the building almost like a scafolding, which can add or remove space freely.

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