El Reno Sunset Drive: Digital Supplement

EL RENO SUNSET DRIVE

DIGITAL SUPPLEMENT Additional data and context on the El Reno Sunset Drive research & engagement findings.

City of El Reno Association of Central Oklahoma Governments OU Institute for Quality Communities höffnerdesignstudio El Reno Sunset Drive Research Report | 71

Community Engagement Additional detail on community engagement is provided here.

Meeting with Community Leaders This team has been very fortunate to work on this project with a variety of community leaders, including those on the steering committee as well as those who have set aside time to meet with us individually. The Sunset Drive Steering Committee consists of nine community members who represent different functions of El Reno, including local businesses, City Council, the Canadian County Historical Society, the Chamber of Commerce, El Reno Main Street, and the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes. This group of people have been incredibly helpful in educating the team on El Reno, guiding this project’s focus, and raising awareness of the project through their networks.

In meetings with the steering committee, the team has been presenting information and progress of the project visually, followed by guided group discussion, which takes up most of the meeting time. Our discussion questions have mostly varied between meetings, but we have consistently been asking the steering committee what they hope to see along Sunset Drive in the short term as well as the long term to maintain a balance of quick, actionable ideas and longterm community vision. Afterwards, we’ve been following up with the steering committee with detailed notes about what occurred at the meeting as well as a general summary to ensure that we interpreted what they said correctly.

Additionally, we share the presentation slides with them so that they reference it while reflecting on the meeting.

During our meetings, the steering committee has consistently shown particular interest in improving the streetscape of Sunset Drive so that it is more accessible, enjoyable, and safe for pedestrians and cyclists. Specifically, they have emphasized a need for lighting, sidewalks, crosswalks, bike lanes, and artistic signage. The committee has also often discussed how improvements to Sunset Drive could be helpful to local businesses and small entrepreneurs as well as what kinds of economic development could be beneficial to the city’s internal and external revenue flows. Likewise, in our most recent meeting, the steering committee helped brainstorm strategies to enact the ideas brought up during the general community meeting, such as bond or state funding, overlay districts, and infrastructure for interim development.

Although the steering committee’s insight has been invaluable, the team also wanted to hear more from other major stakeholders in El Reno, such as the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, the local schools, the El Reno Tribune, and other organizations. Fortunately, members of the steering committee also represent many other organizations in El Reno, such as the El Reno Planning Commission and City Council, El Reno Chamber of Commerce, El Reno Main Street, the Canadian County Historical Society, and local businesses, so we have been able to prioritize meeting with other stakeholders not represented on the steering committee.

El Reno Public Schools Superintendent at the Community Meeting 72 |

Steering Committee members at the Community Meeting

Thus far, we have met with the superintendent of El Reno Public Schools, Craig McVay. Our meeting with him was particularly helpful because he communicated needs of El Reno’s youth that we had not yet considered, such as places where teenagers can have dates and do affordable activities together. He also heavily emphasized the current lack of pedestrian safety on Sunset Drive because many of El Reno High School’s students walk from their downtown school location to the sports complex along Sunset Drive every day.

This is currently very unsafe due to the low-quality sidewalks, the high speed limit, as well as the lack of lighting, seating, and bicycle infrastructure.

We also met with the superintendent of the Canadian Valley Technology Center (CVTech), Dr. Gayla Lutts. As Dr. Lutts explained to us, CVTech is an extremely important asset to El Reno, as it not only provides education to the local adults and high schoolers but also to El Reno’s vulnerable populations, such as inmates at FCI El Reno and those with disabilities.

Overall, CVTech is an important source of opportunity for education, employment, and economic development in El Reno. Dr. Lutts noted that they would like to see an expansion of El Reno’s airport, so that CVTech could, in turn, expand their aviation program. Likewise, she observed that El Reno’s recent designation as a film community could also provide more opportunities for courses at CVTech and economic development generally. Notably, Dr. Lutts said that although many of CVTech graduates get jobs in the Canadian Valley area, they often move to places like Yukon once their incomes increase.

This is an important consideration as the development of Sunset Drive and El Reno as a whole is planned: What efforts and improvements can be made so that people want to stay in El Reno?

City Planner Dustin Downey and Steering Committee Member Rosalia Pecina leading discussions at the Community Meeting El Reno Sunset Drive Research Report | 73

Summary of the December Community Engagement Meeting In between meetings with community leaders, the Höffner Design Studio coordinated with El Reno City Planner Dustin Downey and the Sunset Drive Steering Committee to host a general community meeting in early December. In an effort to have the meeting in as welcoming a space as possible, we decided to hold it at the Canadian County Historical Society Museum rather than at City Hall, where people may be too intimidated to speak up. Due to the size and resources of our team, we could only be sure of being able to hold one community meeting, so, after consulting with the steering committee, we decided to structure it as a 4-hour long come-and-go meeting on a Sunday afternoon. This would allow flexibility and improve accessibility for people with different schedules and availability. To further accessibility, we included children’s activities so that parents could participate as well.

For the meeting materials, team leader Michael Höffner designed a participatory planning community table that included a large map of the study area as well as printed informationals about six topics – project overview and goals, history of Sunset Drive and Route 66, resident demographics, traveler research, existing assets and urban form, and best practices and precedent takeaways – as placemats on the community table. These informationals summarized all the research we had done so far into manageable bites so that those without knowledge of the project could learn about the progress already done. Coupled with these six information-packed placemats, we distributed journals with guiding questions at each placemat, so people could write their reactions, ideas, memories, and opinions at each placemat. Likewise, we provided markers and tracing paper so that attendees could write and draw their ideas on the map, which provided us with spatial data of potential areas of improvement.

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The “Community Table” before the Community Meeting

The “Community Table” near the end of the Community Meeting

Discussions at the Community Meeting

Steering Committee Member Vicki Proctor explaining the project to an attendee at the Community Meeting

For a community meeting of this type, the turnout was good, but, more importantly, the conversation was positive and lively. There was lots of discussion and bouncing ideas off each other about the past, present, and future of Sunset Drive in El Reno. In particular, the discourse emphasized pedestrian safety, tourism, as well as types of development that could be supported by improvements to Sunset Drive.

Based on our notes from the community meeting, the team noticed two major themes for what could potentially be done as part of this corridor plan: walkability and tourism. First, there was consistent and strong support for improving pedestrian safety and walkability in the Sunset Drive study area. The city of El Reno has already secured funding from the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) for sidewalks in the area, but meeting attendees also expressed a desire for crosswalks, lighting, landscaping, bike lanes, pet stations, and trash cans. Attendees also discussed potential strategies to help attract tourism to Sunset Drive, including better enforcement of city ordinances, public art, advertising and marketing, community programming, and bigger, long-term attractions.

There was also a particular emphasis on historic tourism, as Sunset Drive is part of Route 66.

Discussions at the Community Meeting

Coincidingly, those at the meeting also spent a lot of time discussing possible private development that could result from and be bolstered by improvements along Sunset Drive. Specifically, they talked about what kinds of businesses they would like to see along the corridor, such as sit-down restaurants, a drive-in movie theater, and museums. Attendees also emphasized a desire to encourage development that honors El Reno’s history, such as history-centered businesses and tourist destinations. Although the influence that the corridor plan will be able to have on specific types of private development is very limited, the other improvements toward walkability and tourism that attendees discussed are potentially actionable through the corridor plan.

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Community Meeting attendees marking suggestions on the map of the study area

Community Engagement Themes The three overarching themes we heard at the community engagement meeting included...

1. Pedestrian safety and walkability (artistic crosswalks and lighting, bike lanes, accessible sidewalks, street furniture and landscaping, dog stations and trash cans, etc.)

2. Code enforcement (ordinance updates and enforcement, zoning overlays, design review commissions, connecting residents to programs that help pay for house repairs and weatherization, etc.)

3. Facilitation of development for Route 66 tourism and local fun (programming, infrastructure, and quality of life improvements that will incentivize businesses to locate in the area) These three themes aligned well with what the Sunset Drive Steering Committee and the El Reno City Planning department had already discussed with us. Overall, the community has expressed a want for improved quality of life that will help bring economic development to the area.

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Community Outreach The December community meeting at the museum is only part of the ongoing community engagement process of the creation of this corridor plan as the steering committee particularly wants to see more community members involved and excited about the project.

At this point, outreach has heavily relied on the network of the steering committee as well as encouraging the other stakeholders we have met with to spread the word about the project. However, we have tried to facilitate this process by creating a project website that explains the project and our current progress; the website also includes upcoming events, the most recent version of the report, photos of the area, information about the team and steering committee, as well as a way to contact us with questions or ideas. The project website was particularly helpful for the community meeting: Instead of a typical takeaway brochure, we printed out slips of paper with a QR code to the website, which allowed attendees to access and share information about the project more easily.

Additionally, we have received considerable aid from Ray Dyer of the El Reno Tribune, who interviewed us and wrote multiple front cover pieces about the Sunset Drive project and the community engagement meeting. Those articles, in addition to an advertisement for the community meeting in the newspaper, were extremely helpful to spreading the word about the meeting and, therefore, critical to the community engagement meeting’s success!

As stated earlier, the steering committee loved the community engagement meeting set up and wish to see more people involved and excited about the project; therefore, we are currently investigating more ways we can engage the community. This may include inviting the public to attend a steering committee, presenting at the El Reno Now meeting, and/or holding another community engagement meeting for high school students specifically.

Project website El Reno Sunset Drive Research Report | 77

Urban Form Analysis The urban form of Sunset Drive consists largely of single-family homes on small lots and commercial properties with small parking lots in front of or to the side of buildings.

This area is currently designed for cars and is not walkable. Sidewalk installation funding has been secured, but additional improvements will need to be made for the area to be walkable.

Information about El Reno’s urban form was collected from aerial maps, zoning and land use maps, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) maps, tribal jurisdiction maps, the El Reno comprehensive plan, the Canadian County Assessor public records, and field work conducted during August and September. The first field trip to El Reno consisted of a comprehensive walking tour guided by El Reno City Planner Dustin Downey, who provided information about the history, development, and movement patterns in El Reno.

El Reno Urban Form El Reno’s urban form is typical for an Oklahoma town: The original townsite is the densest portion of town with abutting buildings one- to three- stories tall, placed on consistent and small blocks. As the city spreads outwards, blocks and lots become larger and more inconsistent in size and shape, and parking lots become much more prevalent. El Reno has several major corridors crossing city limits, including Route 66, Highway 81, Interstate 40, and a railroad track. Most of El Reno’s development is centered around the intersection of Route 66 and Highway 81, but there is a south-reaching branch of the city that connects the main portion of El Reno with I-40.

Central development area of El Reno 78 |

Study Area Urban Form & Streetscape Largely constructed in the mid-20th century, the urban form of Sunset Drive is less dense than the original townsite but not as spread out as recent development. Houses are single-family built on small lots of about 6,000 sq. ft.. Commercial areas are on medium-sized lots with small parking lots in front of or to the side of buildings. Sunset Drive consists of a 4-lane street with two lanes in each direction. The street has disconnected, low-quality sidewalks, no crosswalks, no resting places, and few trees. Sunset Drive is one of El Reno’s highest traffic corridors, and with the speed limit at 35 MPH, it can feel dangerous and uncomfortable for pedestrians (City 11). El Reno recently received a grant to install ADAcompliant sidewalks along Sunset Drive, which should increase walkability and accessibility, according to the wishes of the El Reno Planning Department and the Sunset Drive Steering Committee.

North Candian River & Floodplains The natural landscape is defined by the North Canadian River, which runs across the city, north of the central development. The North Canadian River feeds a series of creeks, Lake El Reno, and other small bodies of water in the area that support a riparian ecosystem. Although this provides ecological, recreational, and economic benefits to the city, this also means that portions of El Reno have developed in floodplains and will experience worsening flood conditions as impervious surfaces and climate change effects continue to grow (FEMA’s).

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Study Area Land Use Present land uses directly along Sunset Strip include 23 businesses, 63 single-family houses, 1 duplex, 2 churches, Petree Plaza, Adams Park, and over twenty undeveloped or underdeveloped sites, such as vacant land, empty buildings, or personal shop buildings (“2021”). The Rock Island Railroad bisects Sunset Drive but does not deter traffic as it is laid on an overpass above the street. Within a very short walk from Sunset Drive – one to two blocks – is the Centre Theatre, the Canadian County Historical Museum, and the Intrada Apartment Community. Slightly farther out assets include Legion Park, Lake El Reno, Crimson Creek Golf Course, Woodson Park Apartments, and the SSM Healthplex (“2021” 2-5).

Study Area Zoning

Zoning categories found in the study area include: • • • • •

•

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CBD (Central Business District) – a commercial district designed for a wide variety of general services, retail, and mixed business uses; normally reserved for old portions of the city (“Article IX”) CR (Restricted Commercial District) – a commercial district meant for major retail and services separate from the CBD; design requires adequate parking, open space, and access to major thoroughfares (“Article IX”) I-1 (Light Industrial)– a district reserved for industries that create few nuisances; intensity should be less than moderate and heavy industrial districts (“Article XI”) R-2 (Combined Residential District)– a residential district reserved for quiet housing that is protected from all commercial and industrial activity but permits a slightly higher population density than R-1 (“Article VII”) CAR (Automotive and Commercial Recreation District) – a commercial district primarily meant for businesses that provide services, supplies, and/or accommodations for motorists, as well as specialized commercial uses that are too extensive for more restrictive zones (“Article IX”) A-1 (Rural Agriculture District) – a district that reserves land from premature urban development for agricultural uses, resource extraction, or essential municipal services; these areas are rural and low-density (“Article VI”)

Future Land Use: El Reno Comprehensive Plan Future land use maps from the El Reno comprehensive plan indicate an evolution of land uses in the study area. The map calls for “Downtown Mixed-Use” in the CBD zone, “Old Town Residential” in the R-2 zone, and “Traditional Commercial Intersect” in the current CAR and CR zones. The Downtown Mixed-Use and Old Town Residential uses match their areas’ current zoning well; however, as stated earlier, the Traditional Commercial Intersect use may conflict with the current CAR zone. Rather, the Traditional Commercial intersect aligns more with CR zoning, so as the western end of Sunset Strip develops, changes in zoning will be necessary (City 32).

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El Reno Demographics Demographic Summary of El Reno Residents Economic and demographic data about El Reno residents were collected from the US Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey; the same data was also gathered for the state of Oklahoma as well as the United States in order to provide comparison and context. The collected statistics included age and sex, household makeup, educational attainment, disability status, immigrant status, race and ethnicity, income, poverty and unemployment, as well as housing market and industry characteristics.

Income by Percentage in El Reno (“Explore”)

Income The household median income in El Reno as of 2019 was $48,060, which is respectable, but still lower than the 2019 median income of Oklahoma – $52,919 – and the 2019 median income of the United States – $62,843. Notably, the mean income in El Reno is much higher than the median income at $62,903, meaning that there is a very small percentage of people making very high incomes in El Reno, which is skewing the data.

As the city plans for the future, they need to focus on the median income rather than the mean income because the median income provides a more accurate picture of income in El Reno. El Reno has a higher percentage of people living below poverty – 17.8% – compared to Oklahoma – 15.7% – and the United States – 13.4% (“Explore”).

Population Gr owth in E l R eno, OK, fr om 2010- 2019 Total population 25,000

20,000

Total Population in E l R eno, OK

El Reno’s population has steadily grown in the last decade to 19,095, which is a positive indicator for economic development.

However, other important social and economic characteristics should be considered as the city develops to ensure improvements are made for current residents, including income, employment, educational attainment and opportunities, immigration, race and ethnicity, and vulnerable populations.

16,739

16,955

17,219

2011

2012

2013

17,515

2014

18,170

18,378

18,714

19,095

17,852

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

15,542 15,000

10,000

5,000

0 2010

Year

El Reno Population Growth (“Explore”) 82 |

Industry & Employment

As El Reno’s population continues to grow, the city will need to actively direct where and what types of commercial and industrial development occur alongside that growth, for this determines the quality and quantity of jobs, environmental sustainability of the area, urban form, and future economic opportunities. Some notable differences between El Reno, Oklahoma, and the US employment makeup as of 2019 are as follows:

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Al Barnes Garage, 1419 Sunset Drive (Canadian)

•

•

•

• AFR Insurance, 1518 Sunset Drive (Canadian)

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Phillips Motel, 1221 Sunset Drive (Canadian)

El Reno has a higher percentage of wholesale (4.9%) and retail trade (13%) employees in their full-time workforce, compared to Oklahoma (2.9% and 10%, respectively) and the US (3.1% and 9.4%, respectively) El Reno has a higher percentage of employees in the utilities sector (2.6%) in their full-time workforce than Oklahoma (1.4%) and the US (1.1%) El Reno has a much lower percentage of employees in professional, scientific, administrative and management jobs (4.5%), compared to Oklahoma (8.5%) and the US (12.1%) Although the educational services, health care, and social assistance sector provides the highest percentage of full-time jobs in El Reno (16.1%), this percentage is still lower than Oklahoma (21.9%) and the US (21.7%) El Reno also has a higher percentage of full-time employees in accommodations and food services (6.3%), compared to Oklahoma (4.6%) and the US (5.0%) El Reno has a much higher percentage of fulltime employees in public administration (12.2%), compared to Oklahoma (7.7%) and the US (5.8%) (“Explore”)

Most importantly, as of 2019, 6.3% of El Reno’s fulltime workforce had positions in mining, quarrying, oil, and gas extraction. Compared to El Reno’s entire industry makeup, this is not extraordinarily large; however, this is a very high percentage compared to Oklahoma and the United States, who employ 3.7% and 0.6%, respectively, of their employees in mining, quarrying, oil, and gas extraction (“Explore”).

Fossil fuels are running out quickly and are not a sustainable industry for El Reno, regarding both environmental and economic well-being. As El Reno grows, economic development should transition to more sustainable industries, such as wind energy, electric vehicles, solar energy, and sustainable agriculture.

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Educational Attainment

Understanding educational attainment ensures that the city attracts quality jobs that current residents are eligible for, and makes education more accessible to residents.

Educational Attainment in El Reno (“Explore”)

Canadian Valley Technology Center, El Reno (Landsberger)

El Reno has low educational attainment for their 25+ population compared to Oklahoma and the US. El Reno has higher rates of individuals with less than a 9th grade education (5.4%), a 9th to 12th grade education without a diploma (11.8%), and a high school diploma or equivalent (41.1%), compared to Oklahoma and the US. El Reno has a lower percentage of people with some college but no degree (22.2%) than Oklahoma (23.3%), but this is higher than that of the entire country (20.4%). El Reno also has lower percentages of their population with associate degrees (7.6%), bachelor’s degrees (8.4%), and graduate or professional degrees (3.4%). Overall, 82.8% of El Reno’s population, age 25 and over, has a high school degree or higher while Oklahoma and the United States each have 88%, and 11.8% of El Reno’s 25+ population has a bachelor’s degree or higher while Oklahoma has 25.5% and the US has 32.1% (“Explore”).

The US Census does not measure vocational degrees, so those in El Reno who graduate from the Canadian Valley Technology Center would instead be represented by the highest level of education they received in the collegiate system. Because the Canadian Valley Technology Center is extremely affordable for residents in the area, there is likely a sizable population in El Reno whose true level of educational attainment is not being accurately represented.

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Foreign-Born Populations

El Reno has a foreign-born population of 892, which makes up 4.7% of the total city population. Of that foreign-born population, El Reno has a very high population of residents that are not US citizens (82.8%), compared to Oklahoma (63.7%) and the US (50.4%). Furthermore, 90.5% of foreign-born residents in El Reno are Hispanic/Latino; by contrast, only 58% of Oklahoma and 50.6% of US foreign-born residents are Hispanic/Latino. Likewise, 14.8% of the total El Reno population is Hispanic or Latino; specifically, 13.9% are Mexican (“Explore”).

90.7% of El Reno’s population over the age five speak only English at home. 9.3% speak a language other than English at home, but only 3.8% of the 5+ population speak English less than “very well.”

Specifically, 8.1% speak Spanish at home, and 3.6% of the 5+ population speak English less than “very well.” In short, most of El Reno’s foreign-born population can speak English very well, but about 3.8% of El Reno’s total population does not. Most of that 3.8% speak Spanish (“Explore”). As El Reno seeks public participation in capital and programmatic improvements, the city should provide Spanish translations in public notices as well as in meetings, if possible.

Race & Ethnicity

El Reno is a more racially and ethnically diverse city.

El Reno has an unusually high Native American population, which makes up 10.5% of the city’s total population; for comparison, Oklahoma’s population is only 7.6% Native American while the US population is 0.8% Native American (“Explore”). Considering that 1 in 10 residents of El Reno are Native American as well as the fact that the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes have jurisdiction over half of El Reno, the city must collaborate with the Cheyenne-Arapaho government to ensure that all El Reno residents are being served appropriately (Native-Land.ca). Moreover, working with the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes will not only directly help Indigenous residents feel at home but also benefit the city’s economic base and social prosperity as tribes tend to bring in considerable fiscal flows and community investment.

Race & Ethnicity in El Reno (“Explore”)

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Cheyenne & Arapaho Chiefs, 1890s (Canadian)

Group of women in El Reno (Canadian)

Vulnerable Populations Large portions of El Reno’s total population are vulnerable in different ways, especially in how they are able to move around El Reno. First, El Reno has a slightly younger median age at 35.5, compared to Oklahoma and the US, which have median ages of 36.6 and 38.1, respectively. This is partly due to the fact that about one-quarter of El Reno’s population are children. Even so, nearly one-third of El Reno households (27.5%) have one or more members that are 65 years or older. Notably, 633 of grandparents in El Reno reside with their minor grandchildren; 60% of those 633 are responsible Disability Status in El Reno (“Explore”) for their grandchildren, which is a much higher percentage than Oklahoma (50.2%) and the US (34.1%). In a similar vein, El Reno has a high percentage of non-institutionalized people with a disability at 17%; this is somewhat higher than Oklahoma, which has 16.1%, but much higher than the US, which has 12.6% (“Explore”). Right now, these populations are vulnerable in El Reno because of the lack of accessible sidewalks, crosswalks, resting places, and transit; they are not being given the reasonable accommodations that they are legally entitled to by the Americans with Disabilities Act in order to move around El Reno safely. Therefore, as El Reno develops further, the city needs to design capital improvements and public programs to be accessible to these Intrada El Reno, multi-generational and ADA accessible apartments (“Intrada”) populations.

Additionally, the US Census counts institutionalized persons as residents of the city where they reside in prison at the time of the census. El Reno has a federal correctional institution – FCI El Reno – in the western side of the city, meaning that any prisoners present during the most recent census count as El Reno residents and contribute to how much federal funding the city receives. This prison houses 994 male inmates in a medium- and minimum-security complex (“FCI”). The location of this prison in El Reno means that the city needs to be able to accommodate the needs of inmates’ visitors as well as released people, which could include affordable and comfortable lodging, accessible grocery stores, social services, and similar resources.

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Discussions at the Community Meeting

Group photo at the end of the Community Meeting

News articles about the Sunset Drive project on the El Reno Tribune’s website El Reno Sunset Drive Research Report | 87

Detailed Data

Age and Sex US Census Data (“Explore”)

Household Makeup US Census data (“Explore”)

Disability Status US Census data (“Explore”) 88 |

Housing Market US Census data (“Explore”)

Full-Time Employment by Industry US Census data (“Explore”)

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Educational Attainment US Census data (“Explore”)

Race and Ethnicity US Census data (“Explore”)

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Foreign Born Populations US Census data (“Explore”)

Income US Census data (“Explore”)

US Census data (“Explore”)

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US Census data (“Explore”)

Income by Percentage in El Reno (“Explore”) 92 |

Sunset Drive Study Area

Central development area of El Reno El Reno Sunset Drive Research Report | 93

Future Land Use Map of the Sunset Strip (“2021” 4)

Zoning Map of the Sunset Strip (“City of El Reno”)

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FEMA Floodplain Map on Sunset Drive (FEMA’s)

Cheyenne & Arapaho Tribal Land

Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribal Bounadaries on Sunset Drive (“Tribal Boundaries”)

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Billings, Nate. The Oklahoman. GateHouse Media, LLC., 2 May 2015, https://www.oklahoman.com/article/5661261/coronavirus-in-oklahoma-el-reno-fried-onion-burger-day-festival-canceled-but-people-can-still-buy-burgers-andsupport-el-reno-main-street-this-weekend. Accessed 1 Sept. 2021. Photograph.

Canadian County Historical Society Museum. Accessed Sept. 2021. Photograph.

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Downey, Dustin. Route to the Future. El Reno, https://www.cityofelreno.com/sites/elreno2/uploads/documents/Route_ to_the_Future_2040.pdf.

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Accessed 30 Sept. 2021.

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Accessed 30 Aug. 2021.

“FCI El Reno.” Federal Bureau of Prisons, UNICOR, https://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/ere/. Accessed 22 Sept.

2021.

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Accessed 30 Sept. 2021.

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