Project 2 Integration with Design Studio 5 (Tun H S Lee Food Market)
Building Science 2 (ARC 3413)
Final Report & Calculation Tutor: Mr Sanjay Ong Wei Hoow (0304468)
Table of Content Content
Page
1.0 Lighting 1.1 Day Lighting
3
1.2 Artificial Lighting
5
1.3 PSALI
9
2.0 Acoustic 2.1 Sound Pressure Level (Exterior Noise)
12
2.2 Reverberation Time, RT
14
2.3 Sound Reduction Index, SRI
16
References
18
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1.1 Day Lighting (Outdoor Mobile Stall Area) According to MS 1525, Daylight Factor distribution as below: Daylight Factor (%) >6 3~6 1~3 0~1
Distribution Very bright with thermal & glare problem Bright Average Dark
The selected area (Outdoor Mobile Stall Area) is located at ground floor with double volume height. Both faรงades for this area are totally exposed to sunlight. Therefore, there are no artificial lighting will be using in this area. DAY LIGHTING
DAY LIGHTING
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Daylight Factor Calculation Floor Area (m2) Area of faรงade that exposed to sunlight (m2) Area of skylight (m2) Exposed Faรงade & Skylight Area to Floor Area Ratio/ Daylight Factor, DF
135 100 22 [(100+22) รท 135] =0.904 =90.4% x 0.1 =9.04%
Natural Illumination Calculation
E external = 20 000 lx DF=
9.04 =
E external
= 9.04 x 20 000 / 100 = 1808 lux
Conclusion The Outdoor Mobile Stall Area has a daylight factor of 9.04% & natural illumination of 1808 lux. This will result in thermal and glare problem. Hence, shading device and double-glazed low e-value glass for skylight will be proposed to solve the glare problem and also to reduce the heat gain in this area.
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1.2 Artificial Lighting (Cafe)
According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a cafĂŠ is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of light bulb
LED Downlight
Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens
Aluminium RIO LDL801 50 000 44 80 3000 Warm White 3753
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Type of Fixture Type of light bulb
LED Spotlight
Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code
Aluminium OSRAM MODARIO SPOT LED 2700 lm 830 L24 GR 50 000 44 80 3000 Warm White 2700
Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens Lumen Method Calculation Location
Dimension
Cafe Length (L)
= 16m
Width (W)
= 8m
Height of the ceiling
= 3.5m
Area (A)
128m2
Luminaires Height
3.0m
Mounting Height (Hm)
2.2m
Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525
200 lux
(E) Reflectance value
Ceiling (0.7), Wall (0.5), Floor (0.2) (
)
(
)
Room Index
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Utilisation factor (UF)
0.54
Maintenance factor (MF)
0.8
Type of light
Florescent Lamps, 3300 lumen (F)
(
)
Number of light required 16 light bulbs are needed to reach the minimum requirement of MS 1525 = 200 lux
√
√ Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
Fittings required along 16 m wall; 16 ÷ 2.838 = 5.637 ≈ 6 rows Fittings Layout by approximately (m)
Therefore, approximately 6 x 3 = 18 luminaires required; Spacing along 8 m wall; 8 ÷ 3 rows = 2.667 m 7|Page
Fittings Layout
Conclusion 16 LED downlights are used to illuminate café to achieve minimum of 200 lux that stated in MS 1525. In addition, 6 LED spotlights are used to light up the corner of café that are not fully illuminated by LED downlights. With the sufficient level of illumination, the customer can enjoy the ambient inside the café very well.
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1.3 PSALI - Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting of Interiors (Outdoor Mobile Stall Area)
According to MS1525, the minimum lighting level required for a restaurant is 200 lux. Type of luminaire used as showed below: Type of Fixture Type of light bulb
Circular Fluorescent
Material of Fixture Product Brand & Code
Aluminium PHILIPS MASTER T5 CIRCULAR FLUORESCENT 120 000 40 82 3000 Warm White 3300
Nominal Life (hours) Wattage Range (W) CRI Colour Temperature, K Colour Designation Lumens
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Lumen Method Calculation Location
Dimension
Restaurant Length (L)
= 16m
Width (W)
= 8m
Height of the ceiling
= 3.5m
Area (A)
128 m2
Luminaires Height
3.0m
Mounting Height (Hm)
2.2m
Recommended average illumination levels by MS 1525
200 lux
(E) Reflectance value
Ceiling (0.7), Wall (0.5), Floor (0.2) (
)
(
)
Room Index
Utilisation factor (UF)
0.54
Maintenance factor (MF)
0.8
Type of light
Florescent Lamps, 3300 lumen (F)
(
)
Number of light required 18 light bulbs are needed to reach the minimum requirement of MS 1525 = 200 lux
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√
√ Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR)
Fittings required along 16 m wall; 16 ÷ 2.7 = 5.926 ≈ 6 rows Fittings Layout by approximately (m)
Therefore, approximately 6 x 3 = 18 luminaires required; Spacing along 8 m wall; 8 ÷ 3 rows = 2.67 m
Conclusion
Fittings Layout
Basically, the restaurant is controlled with 3 switches. 2 switches are located at the dining area, while another is located inside the kitchen. During day, SW 1 & SW 2 can be turned off due to sufficient daylight from outside during daytime. Hence, the energy can be saved. However, SW 3 which is located in the kitchen has to be opened all the time for the kitchen activity to maintain the minimum lighting requirement of MS 1525 SW 2
SW 3 SW 1
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2.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level (Outside Grocery - Wet Goods) i) Peak Hour (Jalan Tun H S Lee) Highest reading: 85 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (l/ lo), 85 I
= 10 log10 (I / 1 x 10-12) = (10^8.5) (1 x 10-12) = 3.16 x 10-4
Lowest reading: 75 dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (l/ lo), 75 I
= 10 log10 (I / 1 x 10-12) = (10^7.5) (1 x 10-12) = 3.16 x 10-5
Total Intensities, I = (3.16 x 10-4) + (3.16 x 10-5) = 3.48 x 10-4 Using the formula Combined SPL = 10 log10 (p 2 / po2), where po = 1 ร 10-12 Combined SPL = 10 log10 [(3.48 x 10-4) รท (1 x 10-12)] = 85.41 dB
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ii) Non-peak Hour (Jalan Tun H S Lee) Highest reading: 70dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (l/lo), 70 I
= 10 log10 (I / 1 x 10-12) = (10^7) (1 x 10-12) = 1 x 10-5
Lowest reading: 66dB Use the formula, L = 10 log10 (l/lo), 66 I
= 10 log10 (I / 1 x 10-12) = (10^6.6) (1 x 10-12) = 3.98 x 10-6
Total Intensities, I = (1 x 10-5) + (3.98 x 10-6) = 1.4 x 10-5 Using the formula Combined SPL = 10 log10 (p 2 / po2), where po = 1 × 10-12 Combined SPL = 10 log10 [(1.4 x 10-5) á (1 x 10-12)] = 71.46 dB As a result, at (Jalan Tun H S Lee), the average sound pressure level during Peak Hour and Non-peak Hour are 85.41 dB and 71.46 dB.
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2.2 Reverberation Time, RT (Grocery - Dry Goods)
Space volume, V
= 160 m2 x 4m = 640 m3
Material absorption coefficient in 500 Hz at peak hour Building Element Ceiling Floor Wall
Material
Plaster Board Timber Concrete with Painted Wall Glass Door Metal Furniture Metal Human Total Absorption, A
Absorption Coefficient, (500Hz) 0.15 0.06 0.06
0.10 0.15 0.15 0.46 per person
Area, S /m²
Sxa
160.00 160.00 109.6
24.00 9.60 6.58
80 12.4 11 units 25 person
8.00 1.86 1.65 11.5 63.19
a
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RT
= (0.16 x V) / A = (0.16 x 640) / 63.19 = 1.62s
The reverberation time for the grocery (dry goods) in 500Hz of absorption coefficient is 1.62s. According to the standard of reverberation time the standard comfort reverberation for grocery is between 1.5 – 2s. So, the reverberation time of the grocery on 500Hz is within the standard comfort reverberation time.
Material absorption coefficient in 2000 Hz at peak hour Building Element Ceiling Floor Wall
Material
Plaster Board Timber Concrete with Painted Wall Glass Door Metal Furniture Metal Human Total Absorption, A RT = (0.16 x V) / A = (0.16 x 640) / 46.82 = 2.19s
Absorption Coefficient, (2000Hz) 0.05 0.04 0.09
Area, S /m²
Sxa
160.00 160.00 109.6
8.00 6.4 9.86
80 12.4 11 units 25 person
5.60 2.23 1.98 12.75 46.82
a
0.07 0.18 0.18 0.51 per person
The reverberation time for the grocery (dry goods) in 2000Hz of absorption coefficient is 2.19s. According to the standard of reverberation time the standard comfort reverberation for grocery is between 1.5 – 2s. So, the reverberation time of the grocery on 2000Hz is over the standard comfort reverberation time.
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2.3 Sound Reduction (Kitchen & Dining Area)
Building Element Wall Door
Material Concrete with Painted Timber
Index,
SRI
Calculation
Sound Reduction Index , SRI 44 dB
Transmission Coefficient, T 3.98 x 10-5
Area, S /m² 56
22 dB
6.31 x 10-3
8.75
Concrete (Wall) Using SRI
= 10log10 1/T
44 1/T T
= 10log10 1/T = (10^4.4) = 1 / (10^4.4) = 3.98 x 10-5
Timber (Door) Using SRI
= 10log10 1/T
22 1/T T
= 10log10 1/T = (10^2.2) = 1 / (10^4.4) = 6.31 x 10-3
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Tav
= [(56 x 3.98 x 10-5) + (8.75 x 6.31 x 10-3 ) / 64.75] = [(0.0574) / 64.75] = 8.86 x 10-4
Overall SRI = 10log10 1/T = 10log10 1/ (8.86 x 10-4) = 30.52 dB 80dB – 30.52 = 49.48 dB The overall transmission loss from kitchen to the dining area is at 30.52 dB. Assume that the sound pressure level in the kitchen is approximately 80 dB, the sound that is transmitted through partitions into the dining area is approximately 49.48 dB. According to the Noise Criteria environment perception, 49.48 dB is at the category between soft whisper noise and normal noise. It is considering an ideal value for dining area as it is a place where people having meal and chitchatting.
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References 1. Cavanough, William J. & Wikes, Joseph A. 1998. Architectural Acoustics: Principles and Practice. New York, Wiley and Sons 2. Storey, S. (2002). Lighting Design. London: Pavilion Books. 3. Karlen, M., & Benya, J. (2004). Lighting design basics. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4. Stein, Benjamin & Reynolds, John S. 2000. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings. New York. John Wiley.
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