School of Environment & Natural Resources | EEDS Capstone Spring 2017
Case Study/Benchmarking Analysis: Smart Street Lighting in Linden Lydia Bednarski, Brittany Dodson, Gabriel Domecus, Addair Levine & Margaret Odiorne
ABSTRACT
METHODS
Detroit, Michigan
As part of the Smart Cities grant, the City of Columbus is exploring the prospect of implementing a smart street lighting pilot project in the Linden neighborhood. At minimum, the smart street lights would be outfitted with LED bulbs, but would also have the capacity to install other technologies. In order for the City to plan and complete this project with maximum efficiency, we have compiled numerous case studies and studied Linden’s demographics and amenities. Based on our results of our research, we were able to create strategic recommendations for the Smart Columbus team.
We gathered case studies from four qualified cities (outlined below) in order to distinguish their best practices for planning, implementation, community stakeholder interactions, and partnerships for smart street lighting initiatives. We compiled online research and coupled it with conference calls with contacts from each of our top four cities, which is laid out below.
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Research Objectives: • Identify and analyze several smart street lighting case studies (domestic and international) - Identify industry leaders in smart street lighting technology - Research capabilities of smart street lighting systems other than LED lights • Understand the needs of the Linden community Map of Linden Neighborhood Borders
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Case Study Estimated Benefit Transfer Los Angeles Estimated cost of project $57,000,000 (140,000 fixtures) 3 Annual energy savings ($) $9,320,159 (173,634 fixtures) 2 Annual carbon emissions reductions 62,000 metric tons (173,634 fixtures) 2 Detroit Estimated cost of project $183,000,000 (65,000 fixtures) 1 Annual energy savings ($) $2,500,000 (65,000 fixtures) 1 Annual carbon emissions reductions 36,287.39 metric tons (65,000 fixtures)6 San Diego Estimated cost of project $30,000,000 (14,000 fixtures) 4 Annual energy savings ($) $2,400,000 (14,000 fixtures) 4 3261.7 tons (14,000 fixtures) 4,13 Annual carbon emissions reductions
Summary Table
INTRODUCTION City LED Conversion Public Wifi provided through street lights Has remote monitoring system or equivalent Gunshot detection EV charging stations Public input collected before implementation Negative feedback from residents was not a major problem Experienced cost savings through LED conversion Experienced GHG emissions reductions through LED conversion Crime/safety has noticeably improved
x
x x
San Francisco, California x x*
x
Pilot project began in 20131, first lights installed in Feb. 2014 Total of 65,000 LEDs installed city wide1,6 Safety concerns relieved, more people are out and spending money after dark1,6 $3M under initial budget of $185M1
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RESULTS Los Detroit, San Diego, Angeles, Michigan California California x x x
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x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x
x**
Began 3-year piloting of LED and adaptive controls in 2013, testing several manufacturers and involving strong efforts to gather community input4 Adaptive controls were deployed with dimming to eventually achieve a metered utility rate4 Partnering with GE and AT&T, the city will deploy 14,000 more LED lights with sensors to enhance public safety, track air quality, and optimize parking and traffic4 Sensor data shared with software developers, with parking optimization as the focus4
Los Angeles, California • • • Map of North and South Linden Neighborhood9
Street light sensor information graphic, courtesy of AT&T8
Columbus (per unit) $407.14 $53.68 .35707 metric tons Columbus (per unit) $2,815.38 $38.46 .55827 metric tons Columbus (per unit) $2,142.86 $171.43 .23298 tons
v San Francisco, California • • •
San Diego, California •
Universal Intelligence Nodes (Sensors)
light5
Had good response from residents about white • Close to 50 complaints5 Did not partner with any business5 • New and rapidly changing technology5 • Reevaluate every few months5 Not currently exploring implementing Wi-Fi through street lights5 • Shift toward cell phone technology5
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Implemented five month pilot project in 2013-2014 (Dec-Apr)10 Analyzed three different advanced control systems10 Key Takeaways: • Dimming schedule to increase energy savings10 • Observe vendor, products, and their past experiences10 • Utilize Central Management System10 Didn’t move forward with technology from pilot10
San Francisco Dimming Energy Savings
Photo courtesy of Shannon Casey, Cleantech San Diego12
FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS • • • • • •
5G Exploration for Linden Pilot Project • AT&T is interested in implementing 5G technology in Linden as an alternative to public Wi-Fi11 • 5G is an upgraded, gigabyte-speed version of 4G LTE cell phone data technology11 • Providing cell-phone based data may be more pertinent to community than providing Wi-Fi access11
Work with a reliable vendor for the lights and their adaptive control system Get the community directly involved with the project Inclusion of a Central Management System (CMS) Make sure all lights are “smart-ready” regardless of primary technological additions Explore partnerships with GE and AT&T to implement 5G technology and Smart City sensors Keep in mind that technology add-ons for lights may be best chosen through cooperation with Linden residents and the City of Columbus
BIBLIOGRAPHY 1-Berg, B. (2017, March 17). Phone Interview. 2-City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works Bureau of Street Lighting. (2017, January 10). LED Energy Efficiency Program-Total Savings by Council District [PDF]. Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://bsl.lacity.org/downloads/led/LED_Energy_Savings_011017.pdf 3-Clinton Climate Initiative. (2009, March). LED Street Lighting Case Study | City of Los Angeles. Retrieved February 26, 2017, from http://www.dvrpc.org/energyclimate/eetrafficstreetlighting/pdf/CCI_Los_Angeles_LED_Streetlighting_Retrofit_Program_Report.pdf 4-Cosio Azar, L. (2017, March 2). Phone Interview. 5-Ebrahimian, E. (2017, March 7). Phone Interview. 6-Kimmelman, Michael. "The Lights Are On in Detroit." The New York Times. The New York Times, 10 Jan. 2017. Web. 24 Mar. 2017. 7-Momenee, Mara. (January 2016). St. Stephens’ Community House Canvass Report - 2015 [PDF]. Retrieved February 28, 2017 through personal communication with Mara Momenee and and The Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. 8-Sullivan, J. (2017, April 11). “OSU Slides.” Retrieved April 12, 2017 from personal contact with Jamie Sullivan (AT&T, Columbus). 9-For multiple map references, please see Appendix A in the corresponding research report. 10-Young, Daniel, Eng Seng Ng, Alex Valenti, Terrance Pang, and Energy Solutions. (2014). Evaluation Report Wireless Control and Communication of LED Streetlights and Other Devices [PDF]. Retrieved March 26, 2017 from https://sfwater.org/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=5972. 11-Sullivan, J. (2017, April 11). In-person Interview. 12-Casey, Shannon. “Street Light Working Group Update.” Cleantech San Diego. Cleantech San Diego, 1, Oct. 2016. Web. 11 Apr. 2017. 13-United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2017, January 13). eGrid 2014 Summary Tables [Data file]. Retrieved March 23, 2017 from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/egrid2012_summarytables_0.pdf
Lydia Bednarski, Sustainability & Business Brittany Dodson, Sustainability & Business Gabriel Domecus, Sustainability & Business Addair Levine, Community Development Margaret Odiorne, Community Development Lydia Bednarski, Team (2a) Leader bednarski.15@osu.edu (440) 781-9435