SENSE ORGANS: We interact with the environment using some organs like sense organs, the nervous system, and with movements using the skeleton and muscles. The sense organs detect outside information for evaluation and response. This is by stimulus on a specialized organs, which transmit impulses to the brain via nerves. 1.- Eyes (sight): is the ability to see the color, shape, size, details‌ Vision is achieved when eyes and brain work together to form pictures of the world around us. Vision begins when the light enters in the eye and it is controlled by the pupil, which dilates and contracts. The cornea and lens focus the light on the retina, where receptors convert it into nerve signals that pass to the brain through the optic nerve.
2.- Ears (hearing and balance): The vibrations are transmitted from the air to the ear, they enter through the auditory canal, they are transmitted across the eardrum and the auditory ossicles to the cochlea. In the cochlea there are cells that send the nerve impulses to the brain through the auditory nerve.
The inner ear has three semicircular canals which are responsible for the sense of balance, the movement and spatial orientation.
3.- Skin (touch): The sense of touch is distributed throughout the body. Nerve endings in the skin and other parts of the body transmit sensations to the brain. There are four kinds of touch sensations that can be identified: cold, heat, contact, and pain.
4.- Tongue (Taste): The receptors for taste, called taste buds, are situated in the tongue. They are able to detect four basic tastes: salty, sweet, bitter, and sour. They send nerve impulses to the brain through the taste nerve.
5.- Nose (Smell): The nose is the organ for the sense of smell. The olfactory bulb (pituitary) is in the cavity of the nose that have smell receptors connected to the olfactory nerve. The smells consist of vapors of various substances. The smell receptors interact with the molecules of these vapors and transmit the sensations to the brain through the olfactory nerve.
SENSE ORGANS:
GLOSARY-VOCABULARY:
Outside information: información del exterior
Sense organs: órganos de los sentidos
Eye: ojo
sight: vista
pupil: pupila
Lens: cristalino
optic nerve: nervio óptico
Hearing and balance: oído y equilibrio
outer ear: oído externo
middle ear: oído medio
inner ear: oído interno
eardrum: timpani
cochlea: cóclea
auditory nerve: nervio auditivo
cells: células
balance: equilibrio
skin: piel
touch: tacto
pain: dolor
tongue: lengua
taste: gusto
taste buds: papilas gustativas
salty: salado
sweet: dulce
Nose: nariz
smell: olfato
semicircular canals: canales semicirculares
bitter: amargo
Olfactory bulb (pituitary): bulbo olfativo (pituitaria)
sour: ácido.
Taste nerve: nervio gustativo olfactory nerve: nervio olfativo
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LINKS TO LEARN MORE (BIBLIOGRAPHY and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS): http://kidsresearchexpress-5.blogspot.com/2008/09/sense-organs.html http://www.childrenscolorado.org/wellness/info/kids/20952.aspx http://www.scientificpsychic.com/workbook/chapter2.htm http://visual.merriam-webster.com/human-being/sense-organs/hearing/structure-ear.php