UNIT 2 INSIDE YOUR BODY (II) 1.- What are you going to study? 2.-Find the words. You can use your dictionary or a computer. MAIN LANGUAGE A set of
reproductive organs
female
male
composed of
Interact with
react to
receptors
controllers
effectors
Ovaries
uterus
vagina
penis
prostate
Breasts
chest
womb
2.1 INTERACTION FUNCTION 2.2 SENSE ORGANS 2.3 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 2.4 THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM 2.5 REPRODUCTION FUNCTION
UNIT 2 INSIDE YOUR BODY (II) 2.1– INTERACTION FUNCTION The interaction function in human beings is very developed. We all have parts of our bodies which help us detect and react to changes. Human beings react to and interact with their surroundings. Like most living things the process uses three types of apparatus: - Receptors (sense organs) - Controllers (the nervous system) - Effectors (locomotor system: muscles and bones).
ACTIVITY 1: Look at this picture and say which parts of their body they are using to interact with their surroundings
Humans can feel what is happening inside and outside their body and react . They use the senses, the brain and nerves and the muscles and bones.
INTERACTION FUCTION
SENSE
NERVOUS
LOCOMOTOR
ORGANS
SYSTEM
SYSTEM
2.2 SENSE ORGANS The sense organs receive information from inside and outside our bodies. People have five senses. The five senses are Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste and Touch. The five senses capture what is happening outside or inside our bodies and send the information to the nervous system.
ACTIVITY 1: Wacth and listen this video and answer the teacher’s questions.
ACTIVITY 2: Look at this picture and tell your partner what you can taste, hear, smell, see and feel. Eg: I use my taste sense to taste grapes.
SIGHT: We see with our eyes. They take in tons of information about the world around you — shapes, colors, movements, and more. Then they send the information to your brain for processing so the brain knows what's going on outside of your body. The main parts are: Iris (the color
part), sclera (the
White parte), pupils (the black part), cornea (the
transparent
membrane),
retina
(it
receives information) and optic nerve. (it sends the information to the brain)
SMELL: We smell with our nose. Nerves inside the nose take messages to the brain about the smells that come into the nose in the air. The brain tells what we smell.
TASTE: We taste with our tongue. You need your tongue to chew, swallow, and sing. And don't forget talking and tasting! The tongue is a muscle. It is really made up of many groups of muscles. These muscles run in different directions to carry out all the tongue's jobs. The top of your tongue is covered with a layer of bumps called Taste buds. Taste buds can detect sweet, sour, bitter, and salty flavours.
HEARING: We hear with our ears. Sounds go into my ears. Inside my ear, sounds hit an eardrum. Nerves tell my brain about the sound. My brain tells me what I am hearing. There are three parts to the ear: the ner.
outer, the middle and the in-
TOUCH: We touch and feel with our skin. Nerve endings in the skin send messages to the brain that tell us about what we are touching, such as whether it is warm, hot, cold, painful, soft, prickly, rough, sticky .
PROYECT 1: Students will separate into small groups: Group 1: Sight -- observe different objects and describe what they look like them with their words Group 2: Sound -- Listen to different animal noises from a cd and make predictions on what it will be. Group 3: Taste -- Without looking, tasting cut up, skinned apples and pears and trying to figure out which one is which. Another option would be to have sugar and salt and try to guess by taste which one is which. Group 4: Touch -- Use descriptive words to explain the sensations of touching :sand, cotton balls, rice, etc. Try to incorporate all sensations: rough, soft, smooth, sticky, etc. Group 5: Smell -- Without looking, smell the various samples: cut lemon, popcorn, fresh baked cookies, etc. Then make a prediction on a piece of paper what each object is. * Using this worksheet, draw pictures or write words in the appropriate boxes with their observations. This list of adjectives will help you.
2.3 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system controls everything you do: thinking, breathing, moving… The organs of the nervous system are the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves.
1. - The brain: it is inside the skull. It is the centre of the nervous system and it contains billions of cells. It receives information from the receptors, interprets the information and produces a response. The main parts are: cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem.
2. - The spinal cord: It is inside the spinal column. It controls the organs of the body and produces quick and simple orders and responses.
3. - The nerves connect the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord.
2.4 THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM The locomotor system (muscles and bones) are the organs which carry out the orders from the controllers. For example, the muscles of the locomotor system move the body when they receive orders from the brain and spinal cord.
2.5 REPRODUCTION FUNCTION All living things can reproduce. Reproduction is the process through which living things produce other living things with similar characteristics. The Reproductive System is a set of organs which allow us to reproduce. Men and women have different reproductive organs. The female reproductive system is composed of: ovaries, uterus, and vagina. The male reproductive system is composed of: penis, testes, and prostate.
Differences between men and women WOMEN · Women also have breasts, a softer voice, less hair, and wider hips than men. MEN · Men have a stronger voice, more hair, and a wider chest than women. ACTIVITIES 1.-Label, write and colour: