LITUS URBIS

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Scuola di Architettura Urbanistica Ingegneria delle Costruzioni Master Degree in Architecture Academic Year 2016-2017 Thesis Advisor Prof. Paolo Bozzuto Co-Advisor Arch. Valentino Galli Student Paola Elena Maghenzani Matricola 851683 April 20th, 2018

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LITUS URBIS Urban Regeneration Strategies for the Redevelopment of San Cataldo Seaside Resort

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Abstract Italiano

S

ebbene la conquista del litorale come fonte di benessere e l’idea di paesaggio costiero ameno e abitabile siano temi rintracciabili già da metà Ottocento, i fenomeni insediativi più significativi, su gran parte delle coste del Mediterraneo, si sono succeduti solo negli ultimi 50 anni, seguendo ritmi di trasformazione estremamente veloci. L’antropizzazione del litorale del Salento si è generata sotto forma di gemmazione costiera dei paesi dell’entroterra, con la realizzazione di strade litoranee e la concentrazione di attività stagionali, in un territorio peninsulare che misura 300 km di costa. Alla fine dell’Ottocento, sull’onda della moda balneoterapica nordeuropea, Lecce istituì la marina di San Cataldo, collegata al centro della città attraverso un’innovativa linea tranviaria elettrica. La marina subì in seguito una graduale perdita di interesse: le nuove reti stradali resero facilmente raggiungibili altre località che proponevano un’offerta turistica più ampia, mentre gli ostacoli naturali della fascia costiera indebolirono il legame tra Lecce e il mare, riducendo le potenzialità che questo avrebbe offerto in termini di frequentazione dei luoghi.

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La tesi si focalizza sulla lettura dei processi di trasformazione della marina e del suo rapporto con la città di Lecce, individuando le criticità nel sistema turistico e infrastrutturale e ponendosi come obiettivo la rivitalizzazione del litorale e la sua riconnessione con il patrimonio ambientale, architettonico e culturale dell’entroterra. Attraverso strategie riguardanti la mobilità, linee guida per la tutela dei sistemi naturali e proposte di riconversione delle aree degradate, San Cataldo assumerebbe le caratteristiche di una marina ad alta sostenibilità ambientale, turistica e sociale. Il potenziamento dei servizi al turismo e alla città -dalla riattivazione del tracciato tranviario, all’ampliamento del porto turistico, dalla dotazione di spazi per lo sport e per gli eventi, alla sistemazione della piazza e del lungomaremira alla riabilitazione della marina, non più intesa come meta di villeggiatura, ma anche come punto di partenza per la fruizione dell’entroterra, conferendo nuovo valore all’antico binomio città-mare e restituendo alla marina l’identità perduta.


Abstract English

A

lthough the conquest of the littoral as a source of well-being and the idea of pleasant and habitable costal landscape are themes that can be traced back to the mid 19th century, the most significant phenomenon of settlement - on most of the Mediterranean coasts – only took place during the last 50 years, following extremely rapid pace of transformation. The anthropization of the Salento’s littoral first appeared in the form of coastal gemmation of the hinterland villages, with the achievement of coast roads and the concentration of seasonal activities, in 300km of seashore of this peninsular territory. At the end of the 19th century, in the wake of the North European balneotherapy trend, the city of Lecce established the Marina of San Cataldo, linked to the city-centre via an innovative electric tramway line. The seaside resort then underwent a progressive loss of interest: the new road networks made other places -proposing a wider tourist offer- easily attainable, while the coast’s natural obstacles weakened the link between Lecce and the sea, reducing the potential touristic frequentation it could have offered.

The thesis focuses on the study of the transformation process of the seaside resort and its relationship with the city of Lecce, by identifying the critical issues in the tourism and infrastructure system and setting the goal to revitalize the littoral and its reconnection with the environmental, architectural and cultural heritage of the hinterland. Through different mobility strategies, guidelines for the protection of the natural systems and propositions for the reconversion of the degraded areas, San Cataldo would take on the characteristics of a seaside resort of high environmental, touristic and social sustainability. The enhancement of touristic and urban services - from the reactivation of the tramway track to the expansion of the touristic harbour, from the provision of sport and events facilities to the rearrangement of the square and of the waterfront - aims at rehabilitating the marina, no longer considered only as a vacation destination, but as a departure point for the enjoyment of the hinterland, conferring a new meaning to the antique city-sea pair, and returning to the seaside resort its lost identity.

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01 8


THE LURE OF THE SEASIDE 9


The Rise of Sea Bathing The evolution of bathing culture from therapeutic purpose to pure pleasure: a two centuries long history.

T

he sea is a cultural product. As such it crosses a period of production that begins far from the meanings that make up its perception today. In the past the coastal landscape embodied the imaginary of fear and anxiety. The pictures of stormy and squally seas made up the feelings of a picturesque coastline, not appealing for habitability and amenity, as was the country life iconography instead. The risk of contracting malaria kept away the peasants from the low-lying shorelines, often areas of wetland and marshes. The discovery of the sea takes place in England at the beginning of XVIII century as a synthesis of three main evolutionary trajectories. Firstly, a small minority of intellectuals starts to promote attention to coastal landscapes, contributing to the development of seaside tourism: they will be pioneers in the conquest of the coasts and they will trigger subsequent emulation mechanisms. Secondly, bathing is the result of some developments in the aristocratic practice of thermal tourism. The exploitation of the old bath houses of the hinterland, crowded by upstarts who threaten the exclusive nature of these places, leads aristocracies to escape to other destinations, implementing foundational processes of new tourist sites. Thirdly, the establishment of sea bathing is associated with important revelations in medical science, conferring a therapeutic role on the northern seas frozen waters. As with the spas, doctors are legitimating new thalassotherapeutic treatments, promoting a widespread diffusion of this practice through extensive production of dissertations.

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Thalassotherapy: (rom the greek word: Θάλασσα, “sea”) is the medical use of seawater as a form of therapy. It is based on the systematic use of seawater, sea products, and shore climate. The properties of seawater are believed to have beneficial effects upon the pores of the skin.

1. J. M. W. Turner - The Shipwreck - 1805 2.A guide to all the watering and sea-bathing places - 1813 3. Practical Observation concerning Sea Bathing - 1804 In the previous page: New Brighton, Wallasey, Merseyside, in late 1940s. Source: mirror.co.uk


Source: artribune.com

1

2

3 Source: archive.com

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02 24


CHRONICLE OF A SEASIDE RESORT 25


Salento Coast between 19th and 20th Century Coast before and after drainage Until most of the 1930s, the two coasts of Salento were plagued by marshland. Hydraulic disorder prevailed, slowing down economic life. During the first half of the twentieth century, the State financed massive drainage works on the soils of the vast backward coast areas subject to permanent stagnation. The reclamation works accompanied the actions of territorial resurgence; the reforestation (with resinous essences) sanitized the maritime belt. The healthy air allowed the permanent settlement of rural families. The beneficiaries of the estate, thanks to the Opera Nazionale Combattenti first and then to the Ente Riforma Fondiaria, colonized the restored areas. A decisive dynamism (of people, animals and things) took the place of timeless immobility. Only at the end of the complex operations of spatial planning could it be said that the difficult journey towards the conquest of (the pleasure of ) the sea was completed. Holidays for the rich: from the countryside to the sea The sea, as a recreational invention, in the province of Lecce - as elsewhere in the last pre-unitary phase of Italy - established an anthropological stage that began during the time of the Italian unification by the Savoys. The baths in Salentine peninsula began to appear timidly, in the forties of the nineteenth century, when it was common to propose an embryonic offer, only for therapeutic purposes: in the caves of Santa Cesarea it was possible to bathe in salsobromo-iodic waters. The concept of leisure time belonged only to the aristocrats and wealthy bourgeoisie. The vacations, in Otranto region, for much of the 19th century, did not take place on the seafront, but instead they were spent in country houses, farmhouses and family estates.

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1. Villa La Meridiana - Santa Maria di Leuca - 1867 2. Villa Lecci - Santa Maria di Leuca - 1897 In the previous page: Provincia di Terra d'Otranto Rossi Giovanni Giacomo1714 Source: davidrumsey.com


1

Source: ilgallo.it

2

Source: ilgallo.it

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San Cataldo: Chronicle of a Seaside Resort History of a seaside resort in the southeastern most in the Italian peninsula.

T

he natural obstacles of the coastal area, such as the presence of short watercourses, marshes, woodlands, coastal vegetation, on dry land, and shallow seabed, subject to frequent sinking, on the sea, have prevented the emergence of a solid link between Lecce, its surroundings and the sea, maintaining at a stage of little significance the possibilities that this would offer in terms of trade and frequentation of places. The colonization of the coasts, common to most of the Mediterranean coast, in Salento has mostly taken the form of “coastal gemmations” of inland settlements, with the migration of part of the population towards the sea, the construction of coastal roads and above all the concentration of seasonal seaside activities. Lecce anticipated this phase when, at the beginning of the twentieth century, on the wave of balneotherapy fashion coming from northern Europe, he set up the marina of S. Cataldo, connected to the provincial capital by means of an innovative electric tramway that allowed to reach the sea in just 30 minutes. The coastal center of San Cataldo, the ancient Salapia, in its Latin name, is located 10 km from Lecce. For this reason San Cataldo has always been known as the sea of Lecce, being in fact the nearest marina. San Cataldo was born with Lecce, but in any case it was linked to the fortunes and misfortunes of the city. A city with the sea, eleven kilometers away from the sea.

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1-2-3. Coastal reclamation in Salento


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Source: Razionalismo a Lecce. Mantovano, A. Credits: Archivio Privato Pellegrino

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Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce

Source: Razionalismo a Lecce. Mantovano, A. Credits: Archivio Privato Pranzo Zaccaria

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Mancarella in the south and Sardella, which installed outside the lighthouse, immediately after the Turrisi cabins. They were the forties of the post-war period. The old church of San Cataldo was demolished. The road haulage service on Lecce - sea was taken over by the SouthEast Railway. In addition to the Mancarella factory, the military cabins were added: air force, army, police headquarters. There were also those of Upim department stores. The restaurants in the lighthouse area are being renovated, new bars were opened.

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Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce

1950s San Cataldo, on the threshold of the fifties was a large seaside resort. There were no equally well-equipped beaches on the Salento coast. The 1950s marked the highest peak of bathers in San Cataldo. Tourism was still a new word, but in fact it already existed: it was a local and mass tourism. The Prete resort had almost 800 cabins. The first industry that was set up in Lecce is the seaside resort of San Cataldo. It was a summer “factory”, highly productive. 2

San Cataldo Camping Around the middle of the decade, next to the fascist summer camp, one of the first campsites in the province became operational. Foreign tourists started to arrive in San Cataldo and the beach was equipped to welcome them adequately. At the end of the 1950s, the beach extended further southwards. They opened other resorts, which were no longer given the name of the company, but were given attractive, exotic names. In short, they tried to give the beach a tourist label. The old fishermen’s houses and the first cabins, raised up in a messy way near the port, were dismantled. A New Road The Lecce-San Cataldo road began to show signs of inadequacy in order to deal with motorized traffic. The increase in the use of private vehicles led administrators to build a road of regional importance. The current double carriageway with four lanes was built: a real highway, basically, again, among the first to be built in southern Italy.

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3 1. Lido Turrisi - 1952 2. Kids posing with a little lion 3. The new double-carriageway road 4. Preite Residences facing the sea 5. Lido Turrisi

Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce

Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce


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Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce

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Source: Archivio Montinari, Lecce

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03 50


DECLINE OF A SEASIDE RESORT 51


A Day in Summer

A photographic journey along San Cataldo shoreline

T

his photographic survey was carried out during a day of late August, with a strong mistral wind and the sun 'nel Sud del Sud dei Santi', which bleaches everything that meets. The current situation in San Cataldo ranges from a low or non-existent number of visitors in winter to an excessively high number in summer, almost exclusively by local inhabitants with cars. Here, the latter find obsolete services dedicated to bathing activites and no public space or recreation except beaches, which are therefore crowded throughout the day, with obvious consequences on the micro environmental system. The main focus of this survey is reporting the state of abandonment of places, particularly along the coast, documenting the current situation of degradation in which the lighthouse square, the bathing resorts dating back to the 1950s, the harbour, the waterfront promenade and the few spaces for public use nowadays appear. *

Il ricordo di un istante di sole che ancora mi aspetta ridendo guida gli occhi verso muri scoscesi, su pareti imbiancate. Dove l'ombra di una mano sicura disegnava figure con la forza di promesse inventate nel cuore di un giorno qualunque Federico Fiumani Diaframma Elena, 1984

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Feritoie Lido Turrisi

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Vegliardo Waterfront Promenade

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Bomber Waterfront Promenade

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LANDSCAPE AND CONTEXT RESEARCH 85


La Costa Obliqua. Infrastuctures in Puglia Overview on the main transportation systems in Puglia

Lack of networks The location of Puglia in the design of the Italian infrastructure network of major communications still shows its remoteness from national and international traffic flows and, within it, the marginalization of some areas. The growth of tourism, for presences and arrivals, has not gone hand in hand with the infrastructure, neither for enrichment in the equipment nor for simplicity in communication with users. Information on local transport is in fact lacking in transparency, and essential intermodal nodes with an offer linked to the exploration of the territory complete and exhaustive are missing. Road transport Regional mobility is mainly entrusted to road transport and is therefore determined by the design of the road network, easily readable by the presence of some longitudinal axes that cross the region from north-west to south-east and a number of transversal lines. The only routes connecting northern Italy are the Bari-Canosa di Puglia section of the A14 motorway, the Canosa junction with the A16 motorway to Naples and the continuation of the Bari-Massafra motorway axis. Currently the motorway network covers only the northern central part of Puglia, as far as Bari and from Bari to Taranto; the city of Lecce does not have a direct road link and railway with the city of Taranto. The lack of connectivity between different modes of transport and the concentration along a few privileged axes are factors that tend to marginalize Salento, which seems to be characterized by an autonomous local road organization, due to the extreme poverty of the fast connections and, vice versa, density the inter-municipal network.

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Podgorica

M

Chieti

Napoli

A

R

E

A

Shkodra

D

Parco Nazionale del Gargano Molise

R

I

A

A14 Campobasso

Foggia

A14

A16

Lezhë

T

I

C

O

Kamez Durrës

Kavajë

Bari

Benevento

Tiran

Caserta Peqin

Puglia Lushnjë

Avellino

SS379

Campania

A14 Fier Salerno

Brindisi

Matera

Potenza

SS613

Basilicata SS71

Taranto

Vlorë

Lecce Orikum

Calabria

Road transport network highways main roads provincial roads

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Roskovec


Interpretive map: a Territory Overview

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Features of San Cataldo

T

he coastal centre of San Cataldo, the ancient Salapia, its Latin name, is located 10 km from Lecce. For this reason San Cataldo has always been known as the sea of Lecce, being in fact the nearest marina. Its territory extends for about 120 hectares and is characterized by some precise features. One of the most recognizable elements is undoubtedly the lighthouse, located at the end of the main axis of penetration and perceptively visible at the entrance of the seasiside resort from Lecce; other issues are the basins located north of the town, overlooking the dock, the protected areas located south of the marina connect to the wet area of Cesine, the remains of the ancient port of Hadrian from Roman times. The ancient pier was built around the second century A.D. by Emperor Hadrian, at the time when the city of Lecce was a Roman colony, called "Lupiae". The harbour experienced its period of greatest activity in the sixteenth century thanks to trade between Lecce and the Republic of Venice. Of the ancient port, currently incorporated in the nineteenth-century remake of the quay and piers, few stretches are left. The port was destroyed and rebuilt several times, until the Turks, with their devastation along the coast, definitively demolished it. The lighthouse, an octagonal tower about 23 meters high was activated in 1897 and is now the seat of Capitaneria di Porto. The built environment of San Cataldo is particularly close to the lighthouse, but it also consists of complexes that follow the road to the marina and from many residences scattered inland. The presence of woods and pinewoods, located close to urban areas, gives the buildings of San Cataldo, a certain compactness. They consist basically of single-family units in rows arranged along the roads and sometimes forming macro courty blocks, while the rest of the built is rapresented by the typical single-family house with garden.

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After this first built, compact belt, proceeding inwards, the buildings enter the agricultural territory, characterized by wider meshes and a more marked dispersion of settlements. It constitutes an urban landscape that remains identical for tens of kilometres of coastline, characterised by a low degree of structuring and a serious lack of public spaces and tourist services, with the exception of the promenade and some small squares. Generally, Lecces seaside resorts are deserted places for most of the year, and excessively crowded in July and August. This phenomenon also affects San Cataldo which in winter takes on the characteristics of a residential neighborhood on the outskirts sometimes animated by some restaurants open all year round. The main tourist model is therefore essentially local, strongly seasonal, exclusively linked to the sea and not very integrated with the many resources of the internal Salento. The presence of spontaneous and artificial vegetation linked to the massive reforestation (Aleppo pine is the typical and most widespread shrub essence) that followed the reclamation of the marshy areas, give the center of San Cataldo a connotation of nature, less legible in other Lecce marinas, where the phenomenon of abuse of the second holiday homes, has compromised in a more visible way the natural characteristics of the coast. Despite the strong urbanization, in fact, the coast of San Cataldo is still partly characterized by naturalistic areas of extra-regional importance. A great asset is represented by the typical coastal system of Salento formed in sequence by beach, dunes covered with scrub or pine forest and wet area backdunes fed by the water from the surrounding countryside. This system has great ecological value because it allows the development of important but fragile elements of biodiversity and because it represents the only system that is truly effective against natural coastal erosion.


Torre Veneri SCI Site of Community Importance

Harbour

Lighthouse

Hadrian’s Harbour Ruins Ostello del Sole

San Cataldo National Nature Reserve

Main Features of San Cataldo 107


05 110


REDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 111


Goals and Strategies Lecce Seaside Town hinterland of Lecce

city centre of Lecce

San Cataldo

San Cataldo meets Lecce • bringing the Marina into the city and vice versa: San Cataldo as Marina and seashore of the city of Lecce

• shortening of distances between the city center and the sea, in order to bound together two different environments and enjoy both of them

• giving space for events/activities that do not find place in the consolidated city

• giving back the Marina the identity lost over time and recognisability within the region

Unfold the Landscape points of interest

city centre of Lecce

San Cataldo

San Cataldo meets Tourism • renovation of the marina and its facilities as a starting point for discovering the territory of Lecce and Salento

• rehabilitation of San Cataldo and the historical heritage in the sorrounding as a tourist destination

• reconnection with the environmental, architectural and cultural heritage of the hinterland

• strengthening tourism complementary activities and provide adquate spaces

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New Mobility Network other towns

hinterland of Lecce

university campus

city centre of Lecce

San Cataldo

San Cataldo meets the Territory • changeover of urban and suburban transportation system towards environmentally friendly or zero-emission mobility

• San Cataldo as a new district model with high level of environmental, tourist and social sustainability

• enhancing the discover of the architectural and cultural heritage by boosting the cycle/ pedestrian mobility

• restoration of the old tram path in order to provide a light, fast connection between the university campus, the city centre and the peri-urban territories

Re-discover the Natural Resources

university campus

city centre of Lecce

San Cataldo meets the Nature • san cataldo as an eco district of Lecce and representing a pilot proposal for other parts of Salento region

• preservation and protection of the damaged landscape and restoration of it into a park system of extra-regional significance

• revitalization of the coastline and the background forestal environment

• reconnection with the environmental heritage of the surroundings

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The Lighthouse Square

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Sketch of the Lighthouse. View from the sea 127


The Lighthouse Square/1 Existing Situation

parking lots close to the sea disused and bleak square oversized road network

not enhanced archaeological sites batch promenade

Proposal

restoration of the natural system removal of tarmac and car parks tram shelter and square

continuous promenade reduced vehicular mobility

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T

he lighthouse area is nowadays represented by a big driveway roundabout, oversized compared to the actual needs, by a big plot of parkings, a few meters away from the sea and by a barren, unequipped and little frequented square. The proposal envisions the upgrading of the promenade, the square in front of the lighthouse and the enhancement of the romans remains of the Hadrian's harbour, by the reconfiguration of the vehicular traffic, the new tram line terminal and the ending pier of the promenade, proposing the requalification of the area and its use during all the months of the year. 129


The Lighthouse Square/2 175 m

125 m

75 m

25 m

0 Festivals

re ua

tho

sq

h lig the

e us

the lighth

allery se g ou

the

r pie

flux from the tram stop flux from the promenade

Steel Carpentry clear height 6 mt

Steel Pillars O 22 cm / h 6 mt

Curtains

Toilets Curtain Drum Infopoint Ticket Office Atm Ticket Machine

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Cinema Arena

25 m


25 m

0

25 m

75 m

125 m

175 m

Festivals

Events

Street Market

Cinema Arena

Expositions

Market

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San Cataldo Lighthouse established 1897 height 23 m

The Lighthouse Square/4 The New Sea Tramway University Campus - Lecce City - Sea

The Lighthouse Gallery Steel Carpentry clear height 6 mt

Lighting Poles O 20 cm / h 5 mt Larch Wood

±0.00

Market Square Exposed Aggregate Concrete Paving

d o Pines

Stage Accoya Woo Curtain Drum Cabinet Fabric

+0.10

±0.00

Ramp Accoya Wood Decking

+0.75

+0.15

Events Space Stabilized Soil ATM / Ticket Machine

Infopoint / Ticket Office

Kiosk Ceramic Tiles

+0.25

Sidewalk Exposed Aggregate Concrete Paving

Sidewalk Stabilized Soil

+0.15 +0.15

Curb Natural Local Stone +0.15

+0.15

±0.00

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The Lighthouse Gallery Exposed Aggregate Concrete Paving


Pier Walk on the Sea

Adriatic Sea 40.3882575 lat 18.3072524 long

+0.65

Pier Accoya Wood Decking

+0.15

-0.45

-0.30 +0.15

2%

od Decking

±0.00

Hadrian’s Harbour 200 BC

+0.15 +0.15

Pillars O 22 cm / h 6 mt Steel

-0.20

-0.30

+0.15

+0.15

Graftings Cementine Gres Tiles

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Postcard from the Lighthouse Square

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Si è spento il sole 137


The Harbour

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Sketch of the harbour. View from the sea 139


The Harbour/1 Existing Situation

degraded artificial lake strong coastal erosion cementification and general decay of the area criticality of the marina lack of services supporting yachting activities inadequate road network

Proposal

space for sports and bathing activities protection of wetlands and rear dunes implementation of the harbour facilities

enlargement of the harbour access

reassessment of the roads hierarchy

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T

he reconfiguration of the harbour - nowadays small and inadequate for the needs of the yachtsmen coming from Lecce and its surroundings- and the redesign of tourist and bathing facilities should guarantee the area a deseasonalized use and turn it into a polarity designed for the city of Lecce, as well as for the marina. Essential equipments and services have been provided under a three-arm pier: commercial activities to be assigned under concession to private individuals to ensure the management and maintenance of the pertinent spaces throughout the year. 141


The Harbour/2 175 m

125 m

75 m

25 m

0

25 m

sport fishing basin 9800 sqm soccer field 25 m × 42 m tennis courts 2 X 23,77 m × 10,97 m

harbour capacity 230 boats cafeteria 65 sqm

ticket offic infopoint 35 sqm

toil 50 s

volleyball courts 2 X 18 m × 9 m tennis courts 2 X 23,77 m × 10,97 m

shipyard 600 sqm

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Macro functions

Program definition

cafeteria 65 sqm

bait & tackle shop 35 sqm

ticket office infopoint 35 sqm

toilets 60 sqm

sporting goods store 90 sqm

general store 90 sqm

toilets 50 sqm

courts 2 X m restaurant 280 sqm

m sailing school 60 sqm yacht club 95 sqm

cafeteria 135 sqm

shipyard 600 sqm

bar & newspapers 55 sqm

bike/car sharing 400 sqm

Program arrangement

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The Waterfront Promenade

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Sketch of the Waterfront. View from the sea 145


The Waterfront Promenade/1 Existing Situation

abandoned and decaying buildings damaged artificial breakwaters

oversized road parking lots close to the sea batch promenade discontinuous cyclepath

Proposal

balanced relationship between the built mass and the pine forest artificial breakwaters removal and introduction of underwater reef-balls residential regeneration renovation of the waterfront promenade

new bathhouse on stabilized soil

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I

n this seafront section, the pre-existing architecture, downgraded by the years and by abandonment, has been rethought, taking into account the fact that the 1989 PRG referred to this area (intended for residential and tourist uses) as a zoning plan variant which had never been carried out, and that nowadays the PUG is currently being reworked after the administrative rejection.

Therefore, in the regeneration of this section for tourist-residential use, a series of terraced houses is planned, in compliance with the PPTR of the Puglia Region, composed of elementary volumetric aggregations with a relatively low buildabuility index (1.5 cubic metres per square metre and a maximum height of 6 metres), deduced from the pre-existing architecture, in a permeable system that enhances the integration of the forest area behind.

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The Waterfront Promenade/2 A+B

C

A+C

A+B

A+A

A

A

A

25 m

m 40

front/back garden Example #1

Total built volume: 1500 m3 Building Coverage Ratio: 50%

A linear block 12 m X 4 m 48 sqm

Example #2

Total built volume: 1500 m3 Building Coverage Ratio: 50% B+B B

B

A+B B+C A+C A+A

A+A A+B A+C

+ second level 12 m X 4 m 78 to 96 sqm

B

25 m

m 40

Private Dw

A

minimum plot 25 mt X 40 mt (1000 sqm) makes possible the architectural control of the built mass, considering that the buildabuility index of 1.5 m3/m2 allows a total volume of 1500 m3. The building Coverage Ratio (BCR) is 50%. New types of ground-accessed two-storey houses are proposed, differing from the usual terraced houses by introducing roof gardens and patios. By repeating this type in a wide range of dwelling modes and with a controlled architectural variation, an animated street elevation should emerge. On a larger scale, a balanced relationship is foreseen between the repetition of the individual dwellings, the roofscape and the waterfront.

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Plots Typologies

front/back garden

linear block

isolated block Abacus of Modules

B

A linear block 12 m X 4 m 48 sqm

A+A A+B A+C

C linear block 7,5 m X 4 m 30 sqm

linear block 9,5 m X 4 m 38 sqm

B+B B+C

C+C + second level 9,5 m X 4 m 68 to 76 sqm

+ second level 12 m X 4 m 78 to 96 sqm

+ second level 7,5 m X 4 m 60 sqm

Dwelling Management

Private Dwelling

Hotel/Residence Configuration Solar Orientation

E/W orientation

N/S/E/W orientation

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The Waterfront Promenade/3

150


151


152


153


154


155


Rooms along the Promenade

A

different way to organize the green system along the promenade and to arrange urban furnitures and little devices, aiming to confer entertaining features to the waterfront, as well as an unusual rhythm. The rooms are conceived to provide punctual microclimates, points of relief and places of interaction. 1. The Cactus Room 2. The Green Room 3. The Relax Room 4. The Wind Room 5. The Climbing Room 6. The Basket Room 7. The Golf Room

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1


2

3

157


4

5 158


6

7 159


Postcard from the Promenade

160


Legata a un granello di sabbia 161


* 162


BIBLIOGRAPHY 163


The Lure Of The Seaside Bibliography

Academic Journals

. Bonadei, R., Bisoni, C., Flabbi L., Frediani, F. and Pivato, S. (2009). “Il Turismo”. In La Cultura Italiana. Vol. 6, Cibo, Gioco, Festa, Moda. TORINO: UTET.

. Bocchi, R., Fontanari, E., Bertagna, A. (2006). Paesaggi Di Mare E Di Costa: Dessiner Sur L’herbe 2005. I Quaderni dello IUAV #43 Padova: Il poligrafo.

. Calcagno Maniglio, A. (2009). Paesaggio Costiero, Sviluppo Turistico Sostenibile. Roma: Gangemi. Marsala, M. T. (2003). Le Città Balneari Dell’ottocento. Palermo: L’Epos.

. Maffioletti, S. (2005). Paesaggi delle infrastrutture. I Quaderni dello IUAV #38. Padova: Il poligrafo.

. Coccia, L. (2012). Architettura e turismo. Milano: F. Angeli.

. Amusing Planet. (2016). Bathing Machines of The 19th Century. [online] Available at: http://www.amusingplanet.com/2016/06/ bathing-machines-of-19th-century.html

. Coccia, L., D’Annuntiis, M. (2012). Oltre La Spiaggia: Nuovi Spazi Per Il Turismo Adriatico. Macerata: Quodlibet. . Conti, G., Perelli, C. (2004). Seaside Tourism Monoculture Versus Sustainability. The erosion of the social contract in the Rimini model. The European Journal of Planning. . Corbin, A. (1988). Le Territoire Du Vide. Paris: Flammarion. . De Gayardon Bureau (2014). Dancing Around Ghosts Biennale di Venezia 2014. . Inzerillo, L., De Fiore G. (2009). Tra Cielo E Mare. Lo Stabilimento Balneare Di Mondello. Palermo: Edizioni Caracol. . Mangone, F., Belli, G., Tampieri, M. (2015). Architettura e paesaggi della villeggiatura in Italia tra Otto e Novecento. Milano: Franco Angeli. . Orioli, V., Balducci, V. (2013). Spiagge Urbane: Territori E Architetture Del Turismo Balneare In Romagna. Milano: Mondadori. . Vespasiani, S. (2014). Città Stagionali: Rigenerazione Urbana Oltre Il Turismo. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli.

Sitography

. Artevitae. (2017). Stabilimenti balneari, il modo di fruire il mare raccontato nelle architetture. - Artevitae. [online] Available at: https://artevitae.it/stabilimenti-balneari-fotografia-ostia-riminiartevitae/ . BMIAA. (2016). "Let's go to the beach!" seaside resorts from the 18th century to present day - BMIAA. [online] Available at: http:// www.bmiaa.com/lets-go-to-the-beach-seaside-resorts-from-the18th-century-to-present-day/ . Le blog de Thierry Hay. (2016). Tous à la plage à la Cité de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine : les bains de mer du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours. [online] Available at: https://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/ le-blog-de-thierry-hay/2016/11/18/tous-a-la-plage-a-la-cite-delarchitecture-et-du-patrimoine-les-bains-de-mer-du-xviiie-sieclea-nos-jours.html . L'Eco. (n.d.). La talassoterapia. [online] Available at: http://www. ecomarchenews.com/l-oossessione-dei-bagni-la-talassoterapia/ . Messy Nessy Chic. (2014). Victorian Prudes and their Bizarre Beachside Bathing Machines. [online] Available at: http://www. messynessychic.com/2014/04/15/victorian-prudes-beachsidebathing-machines/ . Nybergh, T. (2015). Photos of Victorian-era Bathing Machines in operation. [online] WhizzPast. Available at: http://www. whizzpast.com/photos-19th-century-bathing-machines/

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Chronicle of a Seaside Resort Bibliography

Academic Journals

. Cartelli, F. (1981). San Cataldo Di Lecce: 1833-1981. Storia E Immagini Di Una Stazione Balneare. Novoli: Il villaggio.

. Marchi, S., Sammarco, M., Margiotta, S. (2012). Tra terra e mare: ricerche lungo la costa di San Cataldo (Lecce). Journal of Ancient Topography.

. D’Armento, V. A., Mainardi, M. (1992). Lecce - S. Cataldo: Una Vecchia Strada Per Il Mare. Lecce: Edizioni del Grifo. . Mainardi, M. (2015). Attratti Dal Mare. Fonti Documentarie E Cartografiche Sulle Coste Del Salento Tra Otto E Novecento. Cavallino: Grifo. . Mainardi, M. (2017). Cantieri Di Bonifica. L’opera Nazionale Per I Combattenti A San Cataldo E Porto Cesareo. Cavallino: Grifo. . Mainardi, M. (2009). Il Mare Di Tutti. Lecce: Edizioni del Grifo. . Mainardi, M. (2002). Il Piacere Del Mare. La Villeggiatura Balneare Nel Salento Tra ‘800 E ‘900. Lecce: Edizioni del Grifo. . Mainardi, M. (1988). L’acqua Marcia: Le Paludi Nel Salento Tra Ottocento E Novecento. Calimera: Ghetonia. . Mainardi, M. (2011). Le Coste Del Salento. Racconti Di Immagini: Quei Lidi Di Tanti Anni Fa. Lecce: Edizioni del Grifo. . Mantovano, A. (2014). Razionalismo A Lecce 1930-1955. Copertino: Lupo Editore. . Pasimeni, C., Ruggiero, L. (1998). Il Tram Del Mare: La Tramvia Elettrica Lecce-San Cataldo 1898-1933. Lecce: Conte. . Sabato, A. (2005). Lecce illustrata. Immagini di vita e di storia. Lecce: Ed. del Grifo.

Sitography . Facebook.com. (n.d.). Lecce di Ieri-Citta' di Oggi by Filippo Montinari. [online] Available at: https://www.facebook. c o m / p g / L e c c e D i Ie r i / p h o t o s / ? t a b = a l b u m & a l b u m _ id=1195987200412527 . Fondazione Terra D'Otranto. (2017). Lecce: il porto di S. Cataldo era così al tempo di Adriano? - Fondazione Terra D'Otranto. [online] Available at: http://www.fondazioneterradotranto. it/2017/02/05/lecce-porto-s-cataldo-cosi-al-tempo-adriano/ . Manifattureknos.org. (2012). La marina di San Cataldo. [online] Available at: http://www.manifattureknos.org/knos/media/ images/events/12schedasancataldo.pdf . Salento Review. La lunga e affascinante storia del porto Adriano a San Cataldo. [online] Available at: http://www.salentoreview. it/la-lunga-e-affascinante-storia-del-porto-adriano-a-san-cataldo/ . Scandone, G. (2015). Le paludi costiere del Salento. [online] Bistrò Charbonnier. Available at: http://bistrocharbonnier.altervista. org/le-paludi-costiere-del-salento/ . Scienzasalento.unisalento.it. Il tram del mare. [online] Available at: http://scienzasalento.unisalento.it/tramdelmare/tramway/ pasim0.htm

Archives . Montinari, F. (2018). Lecce Di Ieri - Città Di Oggi. Materiale fotografico. Lecce. Archivio Filippo Montinari. . Pellegrino, O. (1934). Stabilimento Lido San Giovanni. Prospettiva. Lecce. Archivio Privato Pellegrino. . Pranzo Zaccaria, C. (1939). Progetto Della Nuova Marina. Planimetria. Lecce. Archivio privato Pranzo Zaccaria, Lecce.

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