Bulletin

AP Plastic Times Vol VII

Nov-Dec 2012

No.3

EDITORIAL BOARD

Chairman VIMLESH GUPTA

Editorial Plastics are somehow connected with two most important issues of today – waste management and power shortage. While the industry is facing hardships due to these two issues, recent developments and current thinking in the world combines both these issues to find a solution.

Co-Chairman N. BHASKAR REDDY

I am prompted to quote below, what an expert like Steve Russell, vice president – plastics division of American Chemistry Council has recently written:

Members ANIL NAGDA MANOJ GOEL R.S. LOYA

“Most of us have heard the phrase “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,” and today more and more voices are adding a fourth “R” to the mix to help ensure our nation’s energy future - Recover. As in recovering energy from waste.”

HON. EDITOR ARUN LAHOTI

Here, at our home things have been made complicated with the authority and private companies at loggerheads on the issue of recovering energy from municipal waste.

A well intended initiative is being lost.

Published by

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 304, Raghava Ratna Towers, Chirag Ali Lane, Abids, HYDERABAD 500 001 Phone: 23203191 Fax: 040-23201247 Email: info@appma.org.in Web: www.appma.org.in

Sharing this fact will be an interesting reading - Today, more than 80 traditional energy recovery facilities are operating in the U.S., turning municipal solid waste into domestically produced energy. And thanks to technology innovations, there are an increasing number of opportunities to extract even more energy. In fact, some recent innovations can convert used plastics into a form of crude oil or other types of fuels.

In an article, Jeff Wooster, Dow’s global sustainability leader for plastics, explains that energy recovery can help maximize the value of difficult-to-recycle materials:

OFFICE BEARERS:

“While it makes economic sense to recycle (many) materials, there are a lot of packages that can’t be easily recycled. The best thing to do in that case is recover the energy.”

President V. ANIL REDDY Sr. Vice President J. VENUGOPAL

There is an urgent need to think on these lines, because plastics are, truly, too valuable to waste.

Vice President B.L. BHANDARI

The best way to predict the future is to create it. - Peter F. Drucker

Hon. Secretary DAYAKAR Treasurer NARENDER BALDAVA

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All payments should be made by cheque/draft drawn favouring the A.P. Plastic Manufacturers Association, payable at Hyderabad. Service Tax will be charged extra as applicable. Cash will not be accepted.

DISCLAIMER All the information published in this issue has been collected/gathered from various sources. APPMA does not hold responsibility for any error or omission and is not liable for any legal consequences.

Contents

ARUN LAHOTI Hon. Editor editor@appma.org.in/plasticvikas@gmail.com Page 3 :

Editorial

Page 5 :

President’s Speak

Page 7 :

Article What is Gel and how can we Eliminate it.

Page 11 : News Updates Page 24 : Article-High Density Polyethylene Pipe as Fractional Distillation Page 28 : Article-Polyurethane Polymer Foam Slows Blood Loss in Victims of Internal Hemorrhaging Page 29 : Article-The importance of Materials Characterization in the Lighweighting of Passenger Vehicles Page 30 : New Members List Page 33 : Report on Plast Meet

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

President Writes...

Dear Members, The New R&C Measures are in force. These circulars have been circulated to all members as and when we have received them. Hope you might be reading them. The distribution of Expensive Power has been started from 1st of February. Hope some members might have utilized this scheme. We have done a Plastmeet on this subject, to educate and disseminate this information to all our members. The response to this Plastmeet was overwhelming. Though the cost of this expensive power is expensive but when compared to using generators, this is cost effective, especially when the cost of diesel is continuously increasing.

In the coming months in summer and the Rabi season there will be acute shortage of power. The members need to plan ahead to face this shortage.

Budget will be harsh and will not be soft with reference to levying of taxes. There is every possibility that the GST will be implemented.

This is not the best time for industry and entrepreneurs are not in a good state of affairs. They should figure out how best they can handle this situation and come out of it with flying colors.

Wish you All the best V Anil Reddy President

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

What Is Gel And How Can We Eliminate It ?

R S LOYA TRIMURTI PACKAGING WHAT IS GEL ? " A gel is any visible imperfection in a polyethylene film."

Why are gels such an important issue? This is definitely a rhetorical question, but as most converters have found it leads to scrapping of product as a result of unacceptable aesthetic properties and problems with the printing and lamination processes.

WHAT'S CAUSING YOUR GELS? Gels are a common quality problem in extrusion of clear film and tubing less than 500 gauge. Gels are primarily visual defects caused by small bits of higher-molecular-weight material or contamination that reflect and transmit light differently from the rest of the material. They aren't problems in opaque or thickwalled products (over 0.5 mm ), where they aren't visible.

GELS CAN COME FROM SEVERAL SOURCES : ♦ Crosslinked material caused by overheating. ♦ Additives with poor thermal stability. ♦ Fines from regrind. ♦ Catalyst residue such as silica. ♦ Other organic or inorganic contamination.

As a result of shear forces in extruders, gels usually end up as elongated ellipses. Those caused by contamination typically have a dot or "fisheye" in the center Gels caused by contamination, however, can produce a weak point in a tube or even start a hole in film.

If you have gels in an extruded product, it's important to know whether they originated in the incoming raw material or were created during extrusion. Gels formed during polymerization are called P-gels.

They form in stagnating regions of the reactor where resin overheats.

Gels can also form during extrusion. These are called E-gels and tend to form as a result of high temperatures or long residence times. E-gels can be created by dead spots in the extruder-e.g., stagnating regions in the screw. Maddock mixing sections, for example, can create dead spots.

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

PREVENTING 'P-GELS' The best defense against P-gels is to test incoming material and communicate clearly to resin suppliers that you do so. When resin suppliers realize they're dealing with a sophisticated user whose product requires low gel counts, they will try to send good material.

Incoming quality control for gels is especially important when running multi-layer film because you have more materials and extruders to check for gels.

PREVENTING 'E-GELS' To avoid making gels during extrusion, be sure the screw and die have a streamlined design. Also the screw, barrel, and die surfaces should be free of grooves, scratches, or gouges that might collect melt and cause degradation.

SUMMARY OF STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH GEL FORMATION ♦ Replace worn screws. ♦ Use a screw design optimized for the polymer being extruded. ♦ Reduce the temperature profile and melt temperature where possible. ♦ Simplify the production cycle so that polymer of similar viscosity is being extruded head to head. ♦ Perform preventative strip and clean operations every 6 months. ♦ Use processing aids where the cost can be recovered. ♦ Use antioxidant masterbatch, provided these do not affect downstream operations.

PATTERNS OF OCCURRENCE OF GEL If gels are randomly dispersed, they usually come from the raw material or the extruder. Raw-material problems that produce gels include contamination, too much recycled or reclaimed material, and insufficient antioxidant. Always check for contamination first because it's easy to detect and simple to fix.

If gels form in lanes in the machine direction, alternating with lanes free of gels, the problem is usually downstream from the extruder in the die or dies block.

When large quantities of gels repeatedly appear and disappear, the phenomenon is called gel showers.

They may be caused by improper processing conditions and are common when materials with very different melting rates are blended together. Pigment masterbatches, for example, are designed to melt quickly to maximize mixing time in the extruder. But if the feed zone is too hot, pigment granules melt too quickly and become encrusted on the screw. Encrusted granules then break off occasionally, resulting in a sudden cascade of gels the same color as the pigment masterbatch. They aren't burnt gels, just heavily pigmented unmelts. Extruder motor amps will rise because the sudden increase in pigment concentration adds more friction to the transition zone. The preferred solution is to lower the temperature slightly in both the feed and transition zones to delay melting of the masterbatch.

9

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

NEWS UPDATES CHINA BECOMING LATEST TARGET FOR PET SINGLE-SERVE WINE GLASS

and Singapore in late 2011, before distributing in Australia.

"Japanese consumers were more open to new packaging innovations and happy to give the concept a go." Beattie is now in talks with the Singapore Grand Prix organizers.

By Kate Tilley | Lupé Wines is packaged in injection molded, shatterproof PET. (Single Serve Packaging Pty. Ltd. photo)

Beattie said the patented single-serve glasses will launch in the U.S. and South America soon under a different brand. Nash has sold the patented technology to other buyers.

MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA (Dec. 28, 11:35 a.m. ET) -- Melbournebased Single Serve Packaging Pty. Ltd. has already sold 350,000 Lupé Wines-branded PET single-use wine glasses to Australian, Japanese and Singaporean customers since January 2012.

Phase one of Single Serve's strategy was introducing the singleserve concept to the Australian and Asian markets. Beattie said phase two involves packaging well-established wine brands in the PET glasses. "We are currently doing a packaging run for Rosemount Wines. In July, we filled for Wingara's Deakin Estate, which was mostly sold in Singapore."

But 26-year-old entrepreneur Georgia Beattie, who launched the company in November 2011, has her sights set on China. She plans to create a relationship with a Chinese winemaker and start producing the glasses there in the next 12-24 months. "China is our No. 1 [priority], but we need to warm up first," she said.

LIGHT-CAR DESIGNERS COMPETE WITH HEAVYWEIGHT AUTOMAKERS

Beattie had the idea of a single-serve plastic wine glass while attending a 2009 music festival. She witnessed the limitations of wine packaging when a bar manager could not serve wine because "it was too hard at outdoor events."

LIVONIA, MICH. (Dec. 27, 10:55 a.m. ET) -- Big automakers are acting way too cautious to meet the 2025 deadline to average 54.5 mpg, according to pioneering light-car designers.

If that's the average, it means car fleets are going to need some models that get many more miles per gallon. And it isn't easy, said Oliver Kuttner, founder and CEO of Edison2, which developed a gasoline-engine car that can top 100 mpg and won $5 million in Progressive Insurance's Automotive X Prize in 2010.

Shortly after her epiphany, Beattie saw a BBC television show in which British entrepreneur James Nash pitched the same idea.

She flew to London a week later to meet Nash, who is now director of Surrey-based Wine Innovations Ltd. He had already developed single-serve PET glasses in the United Kingdom under the brands Italian Job and Le Froglet.

Since then, Edison2 has developed an electric car rated at 245 mpg.

Beattie bought the rights to manufacture, package and distribute the glasses in Australia, New Zealand and the Asia-Pacific region.

"It allowed me to tap into what [Nash] had spent seven years developing. He already had the molds and the technology," she said.

"I do believe that the lowest-hanging fruit is to start to open your eyes to the possibility of changing systems," Kuttner said.

He said mainstream automakers are in for a rude awakening. It takes at least five years - and a whole new approach to design - to accomplish the really big strides, he said.

"We purchased a machine from Wine Innovations. They shipped it and installed it in our premises in Melbourne."

"I would say the industry underestimates how hard it is to improve the gas mileage," Kuttner said during the Plastics in Lightweight Vehicles conference. "As you get beyond 50 miles per gallon, it gets really hard. From 50 to 60 is hard. Sixty to 70 is much harder, and 70 to 80 is almost impossible."

Beattie used the industry connections of her wine-retailer father, Brendon Beattie, to source the wine.

"We have chosen our favorites and the most appropriate wines to put in single-serves. We wanted to introduce the packaging with outstanding wines to prove the concept is not just a gimmick."

Kuttner joined Tata Technologies Ltd. designers Peter Davis and Raymond Peters, and Gregg Peterson from Lotus Engineering, to talk about super weight savings, during the conference, organized Nov. 6-7 by Plastics News in Livonia.

Lupé Wines' varieties are sauvignon blanc, rosé, chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon. Lupé Wines are sold at retail stores, hotel minibars, "high-end" fast-food outlets, catering companies, cinemas, festivals and outdoor events. "Our main customers are outdoor events and festivals across Australia, where they can't serve wine in glass due to liquor licensing regulations," Beattie said.

Kuttner calls the X Prize winner the Very Light Car. He thinks that within five years, Edison2 will produce about 10,000 cars a year in the United States. Since the car can be assembled in a warehousetype structure, with a simple modular structure, he said the VLC could become a world car.

The glasses are manufactured and filled at Single Serve's purposebuilt factory. "Our factory is split in the middle, with injection molding on one side, and the filling line and warehouse on the other. This means we produce as required and watch quality control closely.

We can also tailor glasses' colors or sizes as required."

Peters, senior program manager at Tata Technologies, agreed with Kuttner about starting with a clean sheet. "The approach that has to be taken is not to start from what we know and change it. You have to start from zero and build it from there. It's a completely different way of approaching the problem," he said.

Beattie said Single Serve started exporting Lupé Wines to Japan 11

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION At the lightweighting conference, Tata displayed an eMo concept car (for electric mobility), sporting thermoplastic body panels with molded-in color.

comes to radical changes needed to meet the corporate average fuel economy - or CAFE - standards.

There are no welded parts; everything uses mechanical assembly.

The most obvious innovations are a panoramic windshield and roof, with no roof pillar, and an integrated rear window/rear light assembly, all made of polycarbonate. There is no trunk, but the rear seats flip down for storage space, Peters said.

"You have to be allowed to be free. And there are a lot of great engineers out there," he said. "I think this shift will destroy some companies, and it will be also a great opportunity for the industry, a great opportunity of careers. It's the great opportunity for plastics."

Kuttner acknowledged his team's roots in racing, where bigger and faster is better.

Peters and Davis work at Tata Technologies' facility in Novi, Mich.

Engineering teams from North America, Europe and India collaborated on the eMo. Tata Technologies is part of Tata Group, which also includes the Indian carmaker, but they work independently, with any automaker.

"But we're also humans. I actually believe that a consumer is perfectly happy to accept something slightly less than a Class A finish, if the price is right, and the service is right, and everything else works. And at that point, plastics are really special, and the tipping point is there."

The eMo could get the equivalent of 150 mpg and carry four adults.

In production it would cost about $20,000.

PLANT WILL MAKE PROPANE TANKS

By Bill Bregar

"To achieve what we attempt to do, you could not start with an existing vehicle," Peters said.

Kautex Maschinenbau GmbH has formed a team based in Germany to set up factories to make plastic cylinders for propane and natural gas - fully automated plants that use blow molding, injection molding and filament winding.

A Lotus Engineering Ltd. study showed a combination of materials - aluminum, magnesium, plastic and steel - will be a key to reducing weight, said Gregg Peterson, senior technology specialist. He gave examples of sandwich structures to give high strength, crash resistance and weight savings. Coated plastic parts can be used under the hood.

Kautex technicians are installing a complete factory in Mumbai, India, at Supreme Industries Ltd., a major Indian processor.

"We're in charge of everything except the building," said Chuck Flammer, vice president of sales in North America at Kautex Machines Inc. in North Branch, N.J. Speaking Oct. 10 at the SPE Blow Molding Conference, Flammer said the turnkey equipment was going to India in 30-40 containers on ships.

Peterson is a member of a Lotus team that developed a vehicle body structure 37 percent lighter than one with a steel body. Lotus Engineering is part of Lotus Cars of Norfolk, England.

"One of our goals was to have each part have two or three functions - multiple functions for every part," he said.

Sean Stephan, regional sales manager at Kautex Machines, described the process during the Pittsburgh conference. The first such factory is run by Ragasco AS in Raufoss, Norway. The plant in India will be the second.

Ultralight aerogels foams give thermal insulation and acoustic dampening, Peterson said.

Stephan said Kautex entered the factory-design business to tap the emerging market of compressed natural gas fuel tanks for cars, buses and trucks. Kautex, based in Bonn, Germany, is the dominant maker of machines for blow molded automotive gas tanks.

Kuttner said the engineers of the Lynchburg, Va.-based Edison2 focused on taking out weight and mass. "We reinvented what a car is," he said.

One key development was creating a suspension system that fits entirely inside the wheels, instead of under the car, significantly cutting weight and taking up much less space, and allowing a flat floor by getting rid of the strut tower. "This suspension, we believe, will find its way into a number of production cars in the near future," Kuttner said.

There are other applications. In developing countries, people living in areas with no utilities can easily carry the lightweight cylinders home from the store, he said.

Kautex supplies the blow molding machine to make the polyethylene liner. Although the liner is a simple shape, it must have perfect walls. Six-axis robots load the lines into a robotic filament winding station. The resin-soaked filaments can be either glass or carbon fibers.

Kuttner also thinks plastics has a good future, not just from lightweighting, but because of social changes like car-sharing services in big cities.

The composite tanks go into an oven for curing. Finished tanks are 100 percent tested.

"Plastic cars are going to become more popular, because people are going to give up the detail of the great personal palace of a car, to something that's easy and quick and convenient that you can use for a few hours and hand back," Kuttner said. "Then somebody has to clean it, so plastics are definitely going to start to take over there because they can be designed to be more friendly for things like that."

Meanwhile, an injection molding machine molds the outer case and some fittings.

Stephan said these are not propane tanks for your backyard grill.

That market will remain in lower-cost metal, he said.

Kuttner, a real estate developer and race car enthusiast, said big car corporations keep their engineers in a straightjacket when it

"These are not trying to replace steel cylinders," he said.

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

EXPERTS CHASE OPTIONS FOR CHASING ARROWS

For companies that want to boost their sustainability image, recyclability has been the easiest and lowest-cost claim to make, said Mylinda Jacobsen, purchasing manager at recycler Envision Plastics Industries LLC.

By Jessica Holbrook A panel of experts gave insights on sustainability at the SPE Blow Molding Conference, and while everyone agreed on the importance of going green, they all had different ideas on how to get there.

The most divisive issue was the resin identification code.

Companies have taken advantage of consumers not knowing the difference between "recyclable" and "recycled content," she added.

However, the consumer is changing. "The reality is, we can no longer rely on consumer acceptance of recyclability claims," Jacobsen said.

The RIC - a number, one through seven, inside a chasing-arrow symbol - appears on the bottom of plastic packaging. The Society of the Plastics Industry Inc. developed the code in 1988 as a way to help recyclers identify and sort plastics, but it inadvertently became an ineffective public education tool. In 2008, SPI charged standards-setting organization ASTM International with fixing it.

Consumers aren't concerned with chasing arrows; they want printed instructions on how and what to recycle and are more interested in seeing recyclability information on a package than calories, fat or sugar content, she said, citing a study by an undisclosed market research firm.

The public wants a simple system - ideally, something that tells them what items go in the bin and what items don't - but that can be more difficult than it sounds, Percorini said, adding that recycling isn't regulated nationally, so accepted items vary by municipality.

During the discussion portion of the panel, the audience threw out its own solutions for identifying materials, ranging from adding quick-response codes to labels to requiring resin makers to put markers in the material that would allow sorters to see the exact makeup of a material.

"What we have is a system that was well-intentioned but doesn't work the way it was intended," said Thomas Pecorini, a research fellow at Kingsport, Tenn.-based Eastman Chemical Co. who serves as the technical contact and chairman of ASTM's D20.95.01, the subcommittee in charge of the RIC. The current RIC has many problems, Pecorini said. Sorting lines at recycling facilities move too quickly for sorters to make use of the codes. The resin categories are too broad and don't take into account additives or variations that would inhibit recycling.

Jacobsen agreed markers are a good idea, but because contamination is such a big problem at municipal recycling facilities, there also needs to be more work on an ID system.

The public misunderstands the symbols' meaning and use: the RIC was never intended for the general public, but municipal recycling facilities thought the code was neat and decided to use it for recycling education. Consequently, people assume that the presence of a code means an item will be recycled, he said.

The ASTM committee has made progress on the RIC and has passed ballots on some issues, he said. The committee is also looking for more representation from converters, he added.

Another speaker on the panel was Surendra Agarawl, the leading plastics adviser at Creative Group of Industries, a custom injection and blow molder based in Mumbai, India. His presentation focused on packaging redesign as a key way to reduce material and improve sustainability.

Sometimes, people use the code to spread misinformation about plastics; for example, the idea that "all sevens are evil" often pops up in the "blogosphere" and mainstream media, Pecorini added. A No. 7 designates "other" plastics that don't fit into Nos. 1-6 - PET, high density polyethylene, PVC, low density PE, polypropylene and polystyrene, respectively.

Thomas Gallagher, Pittsburgh-based technical and innovation manager with Braskem SA of S達o Paulo, discussed the firm's success with its sugarcane-based "Green PE."

"In short, the resin ID codes are a mess," he joked.

But just changing the RIC isn't that simple.

The Society of Plastics Engineer's annual blow molding conference was held Oct. 9-10 in Pittsburgh.

"It would be a lot easier to do this starting fresh rather than changing something that's 25 years old," Pecorini said.

CAPS, CLOSURES STILL TOPS IN PACKAGING

Currently, 39 states have legally adopted the RIC, so eliminating or adding new numbers or descriptors could be in violation of state laws. While those states are considering changing their laws to reflect changes in the code, it would literally take 30-plus legislative acts to do so, he said.

By Jessica Holbrook Caps and closures has become one of the most desirable segments of an attractive, and busy, packaging industry, say mergers and acquisitions experts.

ASTM is working on changes within the system. One suggestion is to change the chasing arrows to a solid triangle, which would hopefully prevent the public from assuming an item could be recycled, he said.

Elliot Farkas, managing director at Chicago-based investment banking firm William Blair & Co., credits accelerated growth, coupled with a stable market and strong growth drivers.

Adding new numbers might be out of the question, but an identifier could be added to note incompatible variants and No. 7 packages could include the material designation, he said.

Farkas joined Rick Weil, managing director of investment banking at Chicago-based Mesirow Financial Inc., for a discussion on M&A trends in the packaging industry at Plastics News' Plastic Caps & Closures 2012, held Sept. 18-19 in Lincolnshire.

There's also the issue of recycling education.

13

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Caps and closures are growing faster than the broader packaging and plastics markets - the segment has seen 61/2 percent annual growth over the last 15 years, and growth is even higher in emerging markets, Farkas said.

A combination of available credit, private equity cash and funds pent-up on strategic buyers' balance sheets has made for a good M&A environment, Farkas said.

In 2012, caps and closures activity has been weighted toward strategic buyers - about 80 percent of deals were strategically motivated, he said.

He cited several reasons for the caps and closures boom: * Packaging that was traditionally made of glass or metal, like condiment bottles and baby-food jars, is now increasingly made of plastic; 80 percent of caps and closures are plastic, up from about 50 percent in 1990.

The 20 percent of financially motivated deals, those completed by a financial buyer without a previous platform company, was higher than the percentage of deals in the overall packaging market (14 percent) and the middle market (10 percent), showing that the caps and closures segment is attractive and lends itself to financial buyers, he said.

* Packaging industry trends have been favorable to the closures market. Packagers have focused on higher-value-added, moreexpensive closures that boost consumer safety, user convenience and shelf appeal. The popularity of single-serve packaging in both the food and personal-care markets has also driven growth: Switching from a 12-ounce container to a 3-ounce one drives volume.

Strategic activity is being motivated by a desire for accelerated growth. The industry is also seeing less "consolidation for consolidation's sake" and the majority of transactions have targeted emerging markets or focused on acquiring new technologies and products, he said.

* Macroeconomic trends, such as a growing population, and the emerging middle class and subsequent adoption of Western-style consumption habits in emerging markets like China and India, have also driven growth.

The strategic-buyer landscape is "generally a handful of folks that have been serial acquirers, have been industry consolidators," he said.

* Value drivers of the caps and closures segment are consistent with those in the overall packaging market. They include product differentiation; a focus on technology, research and development; the ability to pass through raw material costs easily; being able to offer secondary services; and focusing on attractive end markets that tend to be stable and non-cyclical.

Deals from buyers outside of the caps and containers world are more rare, he added.

He cited AptarGroup Inc.'s July purchase of Stelmi Group as an example of a successful strategic deal. The acquisition gave Aptar access to new injectable drug technology and entry into that portion of the pharmaceutical industry.

As the industry has grown over the last couple years, private equity has taken on an important role, Weil said.

Crystal Lake, Ill.-based Aptar has been one of the most prolific acquirers, making 10 purchases related to caps and closures since 1997, according to Farkas' presentation.

"2009 was a terrible year for the M&A market. Everyone was in panic mode for most of the year. Banks were recapitalizing; no one knew where the next shoe was doing to drop," he said. "There are fits and starts for everything, but since 2010 the M&A market has been strong."

Since 2011, about one-third of M&A targets have been in emerging markets, compared with only 11 percent since 1997. Farkas attributes the rise to the strong potential for growth in those markets, compared with relatively anemic growth in North America and Europe, he said.

In 2009, the height of the economic storm, a deal had to be pristine to get any kind of financing, he said. Since then, access to debt has improved dramatically, as banks improved, recapitalized and came under pressure to put capital to work, he said.

He added that two conclusions could be drawn from the banks' actions: Either they have faith in where the economy is going or they're making the same mistakes they did in 2006 and 2007. Only time will tell.

While making deals in those emerging markets is still difficult, it is becoming easier as sellers become more financially sophisticated and investment bankers expand their coverage in those geographies, he added.

Farkas cited two successful emerging-market deals completed by Guala Closures Group of Alessandria, Italy - its June acquisition of MCG Industries' aluminum caps division in Cape Town, South Africa, and its February purchase of Anthony Smith Australasia Pty. Ltd. of Regency Park, which gave Guala access to both southern Australia and New Zealand.

Private equity funds are also looking for a home - about $425 billion in private equity capital is waiting to be deployed, Weil said.

That really equates to over a trillion dollars in buying power for private equity firms, he said.

Private equity inventory is also up - as of June, there were more than 6,000 private equity-backed companies, compared with about 2,200 in 2004.

On average, caps and closures multiples are historically higher than the broader packaging industry, Farkas said, at 7.9 times earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, compared with 6.8 times EBITDA for packaging as a whole, he said.

About 4,000 of those companies have been held by private equity firms for more than three years, so divestitures could increase in the next few months as firms start to exit, he said.

He cautioned that multiples can be "tricky."

"A lot of these firms are trying to return cash, are trying to raise new funds," he said. "Between now and the end of the year, that's going to be a pretty important trend and a lot of activity."

"I can tell you that multiples are very specific to a specific business and there are a host of different factors that can drive multiples," 14

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION he said. "We've seen great companies trade for low multiples and crummy companies trade for good multiples."

Luxembourg, Spain, United Kingdom, Poland, Singapore, Italy, Germany and China.

Even so, there are several factors that drive multiples in a transaction, including: a company's historical and projected growth, cash flow and earnings sustainability; the size and scale of a business; the business's geographic scope and reach; end-market exposure; product differentiation; and the quality of the management team, Farkas said. Also, a tight selling process will return a higher multiple than a "loose and sloppy" one, he said.

ExxonMobil makes clear, metalized and white OPP films sold to converters in the packaging and labeling markets. The global BOPP films business employs about 1,500.

Plastics News recently estimated the company's North American film sales at $530 million.

Jindal Poly is part of the diversified BC Jindal Group, which has interests in flexible packaging, photography products, thermal power generation and steel. Jindal Poly claims to have the world's largest single site for production of BOPP and biaxially oriented PET films in Nasik, India.

"Driving competition is what we, as investment bankers, like to do and I've found that's the biggest driver of value ultimately," Farkas said. Running a process that feels organized, with tight deadlines and an on-point management team, gives the appearance of competition, whether competition exists or not, he explained.

Deals in 2011 and 2012 have shown higher multiples and display the strength of the market, Weil said.

Jindal's current combined capacity for BOPP and PET films is 741 million pounds per year. The business had sales of $452 million for the fiscal year ended in March, the company said.

He cited, anecdotally, specialty packaging deals that garnered a lot of interest from both strategic and financial buyers.

MANIPULATABLE SURFACES PRODUCED USING POLYMER BLENDS

In April, a health-care packaging company sold to a private equity firm at 10 times adjusted EBITDA, a rare example of an abovemarket multiple, he said. That example reflects the healthy private equity environment.

Using new combinations of well-known polymers is one way of producing new materials. For this work, the use of polymers that respond to external stimuli are of particular interest, and is the line followed by the chemist Leire RuizRubio in the research for her PhD thesis. She has studied the blending of certain polymers that can be controlled when the conditions of their medium (the pH or temperature, for example) have been altered.

EXXONMOBIL SELLING BOPP FILM UNITS TO INDIA'S JINDAL

By Michael Lauzon An Indian company has agreed to buy ExxonMobil Chemical Co.'s global biaxially oriented polypropylene films operations, which comprise one of the world's largest BOPP film manufacturers.

Author of the project, Leire Ruiz, Upvehu/University of the Basque Country, is at the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Science and Technology. Credit: Photo: Marisol RamĂ­rez/ Argazki Press.

New Delhi-based Jindal Poly Films Ltd. said it signed the deal Oct. 26, but it did not release terms. The company announced the acquisition to the Bombay Stock Exchange.

Once the behaviour of these polymers is known, it is possible to design new materials to use in many different applications.

"We do basic chemistry; in other words, we study the behaviour of these polymers in more and more advanced conditions, and then the applications that can be developed thanks to these materials will be sought." Ruiz has in fact studied the polymer blends first of all in solution and then when they are on a solid surface.

ExxonMobil has a leading position in BOPP films in both North America and Europe. Plants included in the deal are in Shawnee, Okla.; LaGrange, Ga.; Virton, Belgium; Brindisi, Italy; and Kerkrade, Netherlands. A BOPP plant in Belleville, Ontario, is not included in the agreement and will be closed in the first half of 2013, ExxonMobil spokeswoman Margaret Ross said in a telephone interview from ExxonMobil's head office in Houston.

Belleville is ExxonMobil's highest-cost BOPP producer, Ross explained.

The aim was to find out the conditions in which polymer chains disperse and when they end up joined together.

Having examined that, Ruiz went on to study how the conditions can be manipulated, so that the material formed by the polymer blend can be altered from a dense layer to one with holes.

The BOPP films sale "is part of a long-standing practice to review assets and their potential value to others," Ross said.

The deal is contingent on regulatory approvals. Neither ExxonMobil nor Jindal posited a likely timeline of its completion.

"We are excited to buy this business due to its excellent portfolio of premium products along with industry-leading technology and R&D," said Jindal CEO Hemant Sharma in a news release. "We are equally excited to be acquiring an experienced and capable workforce."

The blends in this research were produced by adding one of eachof the two polymer groups. In one group there were polyacids, in other words, proton donors (acrylic polyacid and methacrylicpolyacid and phenolic polyvinyl). In the second group there are several poly(N-vinylamides), in other words, polymers that can create hydrogen bridges with the protons of the ones before them.

The agreement includes a technical center and sales office in Macedon, N.Y., and regional business and sales offices in 15

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION "We have studied the relationship between polymers. In other words, to see whether polymers of one blend move away from each other, or whether, by contrast they become adhered to each other. "And they studied that relationship first in solution, because the solvent can greatly influence that. Polymer chains will move away from each other if they have a greater tendency to attach themselves to the molecules of the solvent (dispersive tendency). By contrast, if the hydrogen bridges between the polymers are more stable than the relationship towards the solvent, the polymer chains will tend to stay together (associative behaviour).

same place under the supervision of the lecturer Maria Teresa Garay-Perez. Today, she works as a researcher in the Department of Physical Chemistry. She also lectures in chemistry at the Faculty of Science and Technology.

NCL EMPLOYS LINKAM TENSILE TESTING TEMPERATURE STAGE TO STUDY POLYPROPYLENE FILM Market leaders in temperature controlled microscopy, Linkam Scientific Instruments have been chosen as suppliers of a TST350 stage for the Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, India to study the mechanical properties of dimethyl dibenzylidene sorbitol (DMDBS)

The balance is a tricky one, because there are all kinds of interactions. "That's the problem," says Ruiz. "Polyacids, for example, not only interact with the solvent and other polymers, they also interact with themselves, but some polyamides, for example, prefer to join with other polymers.

The same thing happens depending on the quality of the solvent.If the solvent is very good, the polymers tend to join with it."

Close-up view of a sample in the jaws of the TST350 stage as used at NCL, India.

Polypropylene (PP) is a common, commercial engineering plastic that is tough, flexible and can be manufactured via extrusion film casting (EFC). It is highly versatile and can be tailored to specific applications during manufacture.

Despite this, how synthesis and processing affect the physical properties of the material is unclear. As a result, scientists are continuing to study this popular material. Most commercial PP is isotactic with all methyl groups orientated on the same side of the backbone of the polymer chain.

This orientation of the methyl groups within the polymer relative to each other directly influences the ability of the polymer to form crystals.

Most of the solvents used in this work are alcohols, (methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc.) and the effect of their molecule size has been studied. In fact, the size has a lot to do with whether the solvent is good or bad: small alcohols are better solvents that large ones.

Ruiz and her colleagues repeated their solution-based research in the conditions of a surface. They wanted to know what kind of behaviour was displayed by these polymer blends on a surface. They used silicon surfaces covered with a co-polymer layer and added a number of functional groups to that layer. "They end up as if they were strands of hair," says Ruiz. The polymer blends were placed on top and they formed a second layer. These kinds of systems can be manipulated, for example by changing the pH or the temperature, and the chemical and physical properties of the surface change.And in the end, the polymer blend will behave in one way or another according to that.

DMDBS (dimethyl dibenzylidene sorbitol) is a butterfly shaped molecule that is used as a nucleating agent in the manufacture of PP via EFC. It forms crystalline nanofibres (approx 5nm diameter) when it precipitates out of a hot melt of isotactic PP (iPP). These nanofibres form a mesh. At cooler temperatures, iPP (?-form) crystals nucleate on the surface of these fibres.

"We do basic chemistry, but you always have applications in mind. For example, drugs can be inserted between these layers and attached to the hairs of the surface. With the drugas the filling, it would end up like a kind of sandwich. "In that case, by manipulating the pH or temperature, the polymer blend can be dismantled and the drug released at the desired moment. So, one potential application is a capsule that opens at the desired moment. "But that's still a long way off. We have studied what happens in the solution, and then in a more complex medium, on a surface. When you have studied that, you'll be able to go one step further.

"But the capsule application is still a long way away. The aim of this thesis was to study the behaviour of certain polymers.

Guruswamy Kumaraswamy and a group of scientists from the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) of India have used a Linkam TST350 tensile testing temperature stage to look at the influence of this semi-crystalline morphology on the mechanical characteristics of the film. NCL, India is a research, development and consulting organisation with a focus on chemical sciences. The scientists have investigated the effect of concentration on the yield stress and tensile modulus of the PP film. They have tested films created at different processing conditions and with different concentrations of DMDBS. Homopolymer iPP pellets were coated with DMDBS using a DMDBS solution in acetone. These pellets, with 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% (by weight) DMDBS were extruded through a ThermoHaake PolyLab single screw extruder. This created a film of a constant thickness of 0.45mm as the film was taken up on chill rolls (10째C). To achieve six different draw

Leire Ruiz-Rubio (Bilbao, 1979) graduated in Chemistry at the Faculty of Science and Technology of the UPV/EHUUniversity of the Basque Country. She did her PhD in the 16

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION ratios, the speed of the chill rolls was varied. These films were tested using the Linkam TST350 stage. The stage is built to maintain perfect uniform vertical and horizontal alignment during testing. Temperature control and accuracy is second to none, with a range from -196 to 350째C with 0.1째C control and up to 60째C/min heating rate.

Brian Conway , Bioplast's Managing Director, stated: "We are extremely proud to obtain our ISO 9001:2008 certification. It's a wonderful achievement, but more importantly, what Bioplast gained in the ISO process is a level of excellence upon which our customers can depend.

Throughout this process, Bioplast was able to focus and improve all of its organizational processes. Our commitment to quality and continual improvement of our QMS is reflected in Bioplast obtaining this ISO 9001:2008 certification."

It was observed that at TDIE=200째C voids form within the 0.8% DMDBS film during extrusion. This, the scientists hypothesized, was the reason why the 0.8% film exhibiting a decrease in yield stress and modulus values compared to neat iPP film and the 0.2% & 0.4% films. The 0.2% and 0.4% DMDBS PP films exhibit a ?50% increase in modulus and yield strength compared to neat PP. This is observed to be higher in the transverse direction. More information on their research can be found in the paper "the influence of DMDBS on the morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene cast films" by K. Sreenivas, Harshawardham V.Pol, and Guruswamy Kumaraswamy.

Bioplast Manufacturing is a member of the Genesis Biotechnology Group located in Hamilton, New Jersey in "Einstein's Alley," the research and technology corridor of New Jersey. Bioplast is in close proximity to major metropolitan centers in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY CONFERENCE TO TAKE PLACE 19-21, MARCH 2013 IN GERMANY

PLASTIC COMPONENT MANUFACTURER EARNS ISO 9001:2008 CERTIFICATION

The idea of making monomers and polymers from sustainable sources is rapidly becoming reality with many companies targeting R&D funds and investment in this field.

The drivers are to save the planet, reduce carbon footprint and to develop a long-term viable business.

Bioplast Manufacturing, LLC, a manufacturer of plastic components such as laboratory plastic centrifuge vials, and liquid handling pipette tips used primarily for the medical research, clinical diagnostic and biotech environments, announced today it has become ISO 9001:2008 certified.

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards. ISO 9001:2008 is recognized and respected by organizations worldwide as a Quality Management Standard.

This certification is an important benchmark in Bioplast Manufacturing's continuing commitment to superior manufacturing products under the highest quality standards for their clients. The policies and procedures put in place also confirm Bioplast's compliance and commitment to achieving, and surpassing, industry-respected practices.

The market for greener materials will be affected by the discovery and exploitation of shale gas, which supplies a cheap source of ethylene precursors, however higher carbons are not found in this resource and there is a shortage arising, which is a further factor pushing the search for new sources of monomers. AMI provides an international forum to debate the latest market developments and technology trends at Green Polymer Chemistry 2013, which takes place from 19th to 21st March 2013 at the Maritim Hotel, Cologne, Germany.

Polymers are vital to the global economy from cable insulation, water pipes and medical devices to packaging and there has to be a long-term solution to sourcing that won't run out with fossil fuels. The additional benefits will come from finding feedstocks that are waste by-products from another arena that need disposal, like waste to syngas projects.

To become ISO 9001:2008 certified, Bioplast underwent a 16-month evaluation process that included the development of a formal quality management system (QMS), management systems review, employee training, process documentation, establishment of process metrics and several pre-audit assessments to ensure an optimum QMS with accompanying procedures and controls. The process began with a two-day pre-assessment audit and culminated with a two-day formal assessment audit by the BSI Group. The BSI Group, an accredited registrar that performs assessments of management systems against the requirements of national and international standards for quality and customer satisfaction, has a corporate headquarters based in the United Kingdom. The BSI Group maintains 58 international offices serving over 65,000 clients in 150 countries. Bioplast's Quality Management SystemISO 9001:2008 Certification No. FM 589876 is ANAB, BSI and IAF accredited.

Work is continuing on enzyme and conventional catalysis of bio-based feedstocks to produce conventional plastics. The industry is used to working with petrochemical sources, so it will need to adapt to working with agriculture where there are different issues in the supply chain. Cargill is one of the three top agricultural companies in the world (the ABC of ADM, Bunge and Cargill) and has decades of expertise and specialist consultants to advise industry on building a suitable supply chain. Poyry Management Consultants has conducted a market study into the future prospects for biobased materials. Linde Engineering Dresden has built several industrial bio-refineries to supply the polymer 17

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION industry. Thailand is rich in plant material, for example it has excess sugar cane, and PTT Global Chemical is expanding from its conventional petrochemical feedstock to looking at the potential for renewable chemistry.

sources. In Iceland Carbon Recycling International is producing potential feedstock for plastics in this way. Solvay is also active in this market, generating hydrocarbons and thus "storing energy". Siemens is leading the field in utilising sustainable plastics from CO2 waste.

Wood can be a very sustainable source of materials and SCA Hygiene products, which manufactures disposables such as diapers, is involved in research to make its polymer materials using this resource. In the Netherlands TNO is leading the BioConSept project to use second generation biomass in plastics, including a pilot scale plant at Fraunhofer IGB for lignocelluloses conversion to useful chemicals.

Biomethodes in France is also working in this area.

The AMI conference on Green Polymer Chemistry 2013 is a forum for environmental debate on the future technology and economics of the polymer industry.

HOUSTON BBVA COMPASS STADIUM UTILIZES POLYCARBONATE SHEETS When Houston's new BBVA Compass Stadium opened this year, Houston Dynamo fans were welcomed with a brilliant display of the soccer team's distinctive orange brand featured on enclosed entrances with a vibrant shade. This new, stateof-the-art, open-air stadium is the first U.S. stadium to utilize polycarbonate (PC)

There are now well-established supplies of polymers such as polyamides and polyethylene from renewable sources.

One of the leading agricultural universities in this field is Wageningen UR in the Netherlands, where current research projects include the discovery of new sources of polyamide monomers. Evonik is one of the key suppliers of bio-based polyamide. The current cost of bio-sourced materials is higher than from petrochemical feedstock, so companies like Taghleef Industries which are manufacturing films from biobased polyethylene have looked at the market and the value to brand owners of the sustainability of materials.

Another option for the specialty film market is a new biobased tie-layer from Yparex.

Houston's New BBVA Compass Stadium's Enclosed Entrances THERMOCLICKsheet made a major contribution to the unique style of the new urban stadium, which reflects the industrial heritage of its East Downtown location and the Dynamo brand. The material'snine-wall configuration delivers a high level of thermal insulation for energy savings, and the 1,000-mmwide panels -twice the width of traditional panels - reduced installation time and labor to support tight construction budgets. The stadium is a new milestone in SABIC's three decades of success delivering state-of-theart materials to help architects and designers achieve everhigher levels of safety, durability and design excellence.

"We are very pleased to announce the latest expansion in the use of LEXAN sheet products, which have been chosen to create large and dramatic architectural glazing, roofing and faรงadesin stadiums and arenas around the world," said SandeepDhawan, general manager Americas, Specialty Film & Sheet, Innovative Plastics. "With the global spotlight on sustainability, our lightweight and versatile sheets perform beautifully in a wide range of climates and conditions, helping improve energy conservation in large structures like stadiums."

In Japan Toray has made a big breakthrough in manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from renewable sources. The DSM company is already using biosources for several of its polymers and one of the latest developments is in unsaturated polyester resin for composites. Acrylics have been later in appearing in this arena, but Arkema Altuglas has just announced a breakthrough in this field. There is an EU project on making thermoplastic elastomers with SKZ as one of the project leaders.

There are several polymers where green feedstocks are regularly used and one of those is polyurethane where the polyol can be sourced from a variety of plants. This has been reviewed by Angela Austin editor of the PU Magazine.

The isocyanate component of PU is much harder to synthesize from nature. Bayer Material Science has established methods to produce polyurethane using CO2 as the base material.

A WINNING MATERIAL SOLUTION For the 22,000-seat BBVA Compass stadium, which opened on May 12, 2012, the architectural firm Populus designed an exterior surface composed of geometrically expanded metal mesh and orange sheet cladding.AmeriLux International LLC,SABIC's authorized distributor in United States and the country's exclusive distributor of 50mm sheet, provided the 1,000mm wide panels used in the faรงade system which was designed and engineered by Duo-Gard Industries, Inc., of Canton, Mich.

One big area of interest is the use of CO2 from power stations as a feedstock and this has been achieved by several major chemical companies looking at both general hydrocarbons and polymers. The latest development is commercial ventures which are using excess renewable energy to convert the CO2 to usable hydrocarbons and by doing so providing a form of energy storage. CO2 is of great interest as a feedstock for the polymer industry as using it gives a negative carbon footprint and removes a key factor from the global warming equation, plus there are abundant

"We're excited about the opportunity to share this exceptional SABIC product with the U.S. architectural community," said, Kurt Voss, chief executive officer, AmeriLux International LLC. sheet has already sparked the interest of architects 18

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION and designers all over the world and as demonstrated in the Houston stadium, it has great potential to be further utilized in the vast U.S. building and construction market.Sheet system in 50-mm thickness provides the signature high impact resistance of LEXAN resin for safety, ultraviolet (UV) protection on the outer surface for weatherability, and good light transmission for a pleasant ambiance.This solution offers a superb U-value of 0.176 Btu/ h t2 Fahrenheit (1.0W/m2 K) for thermal insulation, leading to energy savings by reducing power consumption up to 17 percent vs. traditional high-return, double-pane glass glazing.

With a specially designed V-joint connection profile, including a groove and smart snap design on both sides, interconnecting configuration eliminates the need for vertical profiles, thereby reducing costs and enhancing aesthetics.

Also, this new tongue-and-groove connection design provides high stiffness and low horizontal purling at larger spans.

Computerized weather-proofing The plastic Ultramid lends itself optimally for use in outdoor applications since it has a very low tendency to creep, even at high temperatures (up to 80°C [176°F]), and since it exhibits extraordinary toughness and stiffness all the way down to temperatures of 30°C [ 22°F]. Moreover, this highly fiberglass-reinforced polyamide is UV-resistant and weather-resistant. It is one of the engineering plastics that has successfully passed the battery of tests involving outdoor exposure and for which a life service of 20 years has been substantiated in accordance with ISO 4892-2 Cycle No. 1. BASF's own computersimulation tool Ultrasim® made it possible to optimize the components to meet photovoltaic-specific requirements such as exposure to snow and wind loads, and to achieve a low intrinsic weight.

Simple mounting system for cost-effective installations The substructure consists of very few individual parts: two identical pedestals made of plastic are joined together by a metal rail. A plastic bracket is mounted vertically on the rear pedestal by means of a snap-on connection and simple screw elements. In this manner, the front pedestal and the plastic bracket form the contact surface for the PV module, providing an ideal angle for incident sunlight. The dual function of the pedestal not only simplifies the installation but also reduces logistical effort and thus fixed costs.

BASF ENGINEERING PLASTIC USED IN FLAT-ROOF MOUNT SOLAR INSTALLATION The plastics processor Ensinger located in Nufringen, Germany and BASF have entered into a joint undertaking with the Goldbeck Solar company to develop a modular mounting system for flat-roof solar installations in which the load-bearing elements are made of a BASF engineering plastic for the first time.

The development of this substructure is yet another way in which Goldbeck Solar can continue to offer cost-effective solar installations to its customers. Particularly the consumption of self-generated solar power will acquire evergreater significance for industrial customers.

Novel photovoltaic installation system for a flat-roof mount made of BASF engineering plastic Thanks to the new system, solar panels can be installed on flat roofs more easily and more quickly. The lightweight material employed here is Ultramid®, a member of the chemical company's polyamide product line. The entire substructure comprising support elements made of plastic and stamped metal parts was recently launched onto the market by Goldbeck Solar under the brand name SUNOLUTION. The first customer project was a 300 kW system that went into operation in the Aschaffenburg area in October of 2012.

RESEARCHERS PEER INTO STRUCTURE OF BLENDED POLYMERS Using an enhanced form of "chemical microscopy" developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, researchers there have shown that they can peer into the structure of blended polymers, resolving details of the molecular arrangement at sub-micrometer levels.

Easy to install - light in weight - gentle on the roof - highly integrated The advantages of the new support elements made of this application-optimized thermoplastic include especially the fact that the roof membrane is not punctured or damaged during the installation work. The roof remains water-proof without the need for any additional sealing measures. Moreover, Ensinger was able to benefit from injection molding of thermoplastics, integrating numerous functions into the plastic structure. In a single manufacturing process, Ensinger has incorporated snap-on connections, ribs and cutouts for draining the water and laying the cables.

All of this resulted in parts that are very lightweight and easy to mount. Up to now, substructure systems for photovoltaic installations on flat roofs had been made primarily of steel and aluminum.

Typical BCARS composite image of a polyethylene blend taken at NIST showing circular polarization response. LLD polyethylene shows red in this mode, while the HD polyethylene with deuterium substituted for hydrogen is green. Credit: NIST The capability has important implications for the design of industrially important polymers like the polyethylene blends used to repair aging waterlines.

Polyethylene is one of the most widely produced and used polymers in the world. It's used in many familiar applicationsmilk bottles, for instance-but the NIST research is motivated by a more critical application: water pipes. Aging water infrastructure is a significant national issue. The Environmental Protection Agency has reported that in the 19

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION United States there are over 240,000 water main breaks per year, leaks wasting 1.7 trillion gallons of water per year, and costs to taxpayers of $2.6 billion per year.

that's particularly useful for studying microstructures of polymeric materials," says Lee. The group currently is using BCARS to find the correlation between microscopic structures with characteristics of deformation and thermal fusion on polyethylene pipes.

Polyethylene pipes are one potential solution. They're relatively inexpensive to make and install, and they have negligible corrosion issues and a predicted service life of up to a century under ideal conditions. Unfortunately, current test standards do not address service life under field conditions, especially for fusion joints in the pipes. This uncertainty has slowed the use of large diameter polyethylene pipe.

GMI SELECTS BAYER POLYURETHANE MATERIALS FOR COMPOSITE MANHOLE COVERS As traditional, heavy, cast-iron manhole covers corrode away, municipalities, utilities and industrial plant sites are replacing them with new, durable composite covers.

The industry standard for polyethylene pipes is a blend of two different forms of the polymer, a medium-weight, highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) and a high molecular weight "linear low-density polyethylene" (LLDPE). Combining the two, says NIST materials scientist Young Jong Lee, dramatically improves the toughness, strength and resistance to fracture of the polymer.

Lightweight, yet durable, composite manhole covers from GMI Composites, Inc. feature Bayer MaterialScience LLC's polyurethane resin.

These composite covers, produced by GMI Composites, Inc. and utilizing polyurethane materials from Bayer MaterialScience LLC, weigh significantly less than cast iron.

In fact, the composite covers, used by municipalities and plant sites, are significantly lighter with a 24-inch cover weighing only 25 pounds compared with a cast-iron equivalent weighing more than 150 pounds. Yet, they meet rigorous standards for cyclical fatigue, proof-load and durability that the market requires. Additionally, they are corrosion and slip resistant and non-conductive, providing added safety to pedestrians and utility workers who may come in contact with them.

The problem for quantitative service-life prediction is understanding exactly why that is. Developing the necessary predictive models has been hindered by knowing just how the HDPE and LLDPE molecules blend together. They are so close chemically that X-ray or electron imaging-the usual go-to techniques for molecular structure-can't readily distinguish them.

The NIST team is using a variation of Raman spectroscopy, which can distinguish different chemical species-and measure how much of each-by analyzing the frequencies associated with the different vibrational modes of each molecule. The exact mix of these frequencies is an extremely discriminating "fingerprint" for any particular molecule without help of fluorescence labeling. Raman spectroscopy using focused laser beams has been used as a chemical microscope, able to detail the structure of complex objects by mapping the chemical composition at each point in a three-dimensional space.

A customized formulation of Baydur速 RTM 902 polyurethane, developed collaboratively by Bayer and GMI, is used to mold the composite manhole covers through GMI's proprietary liquid resin injection process.

"We were on-site, providing hands-on support to the GMI team running tests to decide the best production process for the composite covers," said Harry George, manager, New Applications, Polyurethanes, Bayer MaterialScience LLC. "It is always rewarding to work from start-to-finish on a product like the GMI manhole covers and see a concept turn into reality."

The NIST instrument, called "BCARS" (broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering) microscopy, uses a pair of lasers to gather Raman data at least 10 times faster than other Raman imaging methods, a critical feature because of the vast amount of data that must be gathered to understand such highly structured blend systems.** The extra trick is to substitute deuterium ("heavy hydrogen") for hydrogen atoms in the HDPE component. The deuterium strongly shifts the Raman spectrum, making it easy to distinguish the two components. By controlling the polarization of the light, the technique provides additional details on the local crystal orientation of molecules in the polymer. The images show, for example, the formation of microscopic spherical regions of partial crystallization with the LLDPE more concentrated towards the center.

GMI selected the Baydur polyurethane system for its strength, durability and ability to facilitate the creation of unique designs, according to Bob Brady, president, GMI Composites, Inc. "After testing many different materials, we chose Bayer's polyurethane system to produce the manhole covers because of its high strength and durability," Brady said. "The material suited our cover well, but we also elected to work with Bayer MaterialScience because of its overall reputation.

Bayer offered tremendous technical assistance to achieve the material requirements necessary to meet the highest standards for manhole covers."

"This is a fast, three-dimensional chemical imaging technique 20

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION GMI composite manhole covers and frames have an average proof load in excess of 100,000 pounds - more than five times the H-20 loading standard per AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.

Rolf Halden, a researcher at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute has been following the chemical trail of plastics, quantifying their impact on human health and the environment. In a new overview appearing in the journal Reviews on Environmental Health, Halden and his co-author, ASU student Emily North, detail the risks and societal rewards of plastics and describe strategies to mitigate their negative impacts, through reconsideration of plastic composition, use and disposal.

GMI maintains world-class testing equipment on premises, allowing for production to be randomly sampled and tested during the manufacturing process. Independent certification and test witnessing is available for the following internationally accepted test standards: ♦

United States Standard: AASHTO M 306 Standard Specification for Drainage, Sewer, Utility, and Related Castings, with a 40,000-pound proof load concentrated on a 9-inch-by-9-inch square area and held for one minute.

♦

H-25 & HS-25: A 50,000-pound proof load concentrated on a 9-inch-by-2- inch square area and held for one minute. The 50,000-pound proof load represents a safety factor of 2.5 for H-25 & HS-25 loading.

♦

"We are in need of a second plastic revolution. The first one brought us the age of plastics, changing human society and enabling the birth and explosive growth of many industries.

But the materials used to make plastics weren't chosen judiciously and we see the adverse consequences in widespread environmental pollution and unnecessary human exposure to harmful substances. Smart plastics of the future will be equally versatile but also non-toxic, biodegradable and made from renewable energy sources," says Halden.

Plastics are made up of a network of molecular monomers linked to form macromolecules. These versatile chemical structures come in enormous varieties and today over 20 major forms of plastics exist. Plastics are typically lightweight and biocompatible. Along with their myriad uses in everyday life, plastics fulfill many needs in the public health arena, where they are found in items including absorbable sutures, prosthetics and engineered tissues.

European Standard: EN-124 for Gully Tops and Manhole Tops for Vehicular and Pedestrian Areas.

The composite covers are customizable and are available in a variety of shapes - round, square and rectangular - in sizes from 12 inches to 50 inches in diameter. GMI works with its customers to determine what attributes are needed for each application, and offers the ability to include a logo or lettering on each cover.

Further, plastics may be manufactured at low cost using little energy and their adaptable composition allows them to be synthesized in soft, transparent or flexible forms suitable for a broad range of medical applications. Because they can be readily disposed of, items like latex gloves, dialysis tubes, intravenous bags and plastic syringes eliminate the need for repeated sterilization, which is often costly and inefficient.

Such single-use items have had a marked effect on reducing blood-borne infections, including hepatitis B and HIV.

Additionally, the composite covers complement the bourgeoning smart grid market, allowing automation signals and wireless communications to pass freely through them.

This also makes them ideal for electrical switching, water metering, and sanitary waste water and storm sewer monitoring applications.

Many varieties of polymers are produced to meet the expanding needs of modern medicine. Polymer chemistry is used to produce sophisticated drug delivery systems for the pharmaceutical industry; material to cement bone for hip replacements is made with polymer polymethylmethacrylate and polymer scaffolds are revolutionizing the practice of tissue engineering.

Unlike cast-iron covers, GMI's manhole covers have zero scrap value and are therefore unattractive to thieves, helping municipalities avoid the cost and labor associated with cover replacement. GMI covers are compatible with a variety of retention and locking solutions for increased infrastructure security.

NEW STUDY EMPHASIZES NEED OF REDESIGNING PLASTICS TO MITIGATE NEGATIVE IMPACTS

Researchers like Halden have shown, however, that the benefits of global plastics use can come at a steep price in terms of both human and environmental health. Continuous contact with plastic products, from the beginning to the end of life has caused chemical ingredients-some with potentially harmful effects-to form steady-state concentrations in the human body.

Plastics have transformed modern society, providing attractive benefits but also befouling waterways and aquifers, depleting petroleum supplies and disrupting human health.

Rolf Halden directs the Center for Environmental Security at Ariziona State University -- a new effort to protect human health and critical ecosystems (Credit: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University)

In recent years, two plastic-associated compounds have been singled out for particular scrutiny, due to their endocrine-disrupting properties: Bisphenol A (BPA) and di21

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Studies of bioaccumulation have shown that detectable levels of BPA in urine have been identified in 95 percent of the adult population in the U.S. and both BPA and DEHP have been associated, through epidemiological and animal studies, with adverse effects on health and reproduction. These include early sexual maturation, decreased male fertility, aggressive behavior and other effects. Concern over BPA exposure, particularly for highly vulnerable members of the population, has recently led the Food and Drug Administration to place a ban on BPA use in infant bottles, spill proof cups and other products intended for infants and toddlers.

environmental health. Better biodegradeable plastics are now being developed using carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide compounds and applying metal complexes as catalysts.

The technique provides a double benefit, binding unwanted greenhouse gases, while avoiding the competition with the human food supply. (Conventional bioplastics are made with plant sources like corn and molasses.) One application would be to replace BPA-containing epoxy resins lining metal food cans, thereby dramatically reducing BPA exposure while also sequestering 180 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (greenhouse) emissions.

Similar issues exist with DEHP, a plasticizer found in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Because this additive is not tightly bound to the plastics in which it is used, the potential exists for DEHP to leach out and enter the body, causing unwanted exposure and affecting health. Both animal and human studies suggest DEHP may produce harmful effects, including insulin resistance, increased waist circumference and changes to male and female reproductive systems.

The use of disposable items is also undergoing a reevaluation, in light of the potential environmental toll. In some cases, reusable plastic products are gaining ground, and estimates suggest the potential for a 50 percent reduction in medical equipment costs. Almost a quarter of all U.S. hospitals are now using reprocessing to decrease disposable waste.

A variety of other plastic-related chemicals are currently under evaluation by Halden's group for their adverse effects on health and the environment. These include polyhalogenated flame retardants, polyfluorinated compounds and antimicrobials containing plastic additives such as triclosan and triclocarban.

Nevertheless, the largest source of plastics-related environmental damage stems from the overuse of items whose long-term harm outweighs their short-term benefit.

Typically, these are consumer convenience items, often quickly discarded after a short use-life, including plastic water bottles, grocery bags, packaging, Styrofoam cups, Tefloncoated dental floss and other products. Halden recommends a thorough life-cycle assessment of plastics-based products, to identify safer, more sustainable replacement materials that reduce adverse effects to the environment and human health from plastic consumption.

While researchers are still at the early stages of assessing the risks to human health posed by plastics use, negative impacts on the environment have been a growing concern for many years. Over 300 million metric tons of plastics are produced worldwide each year. Roughly 50 percent of this volume is made up of products disposed of within one year of purchase.

"Many current types and consumption patterns of plastics are unsusustainable, as indicated by harmful plastic components circulating in our blood streams and multiple giant garbage patches of plastic debris swirling in the world's oceans. Continued use of plastics into the future will require us to redesign these indispensible materials of daily life to make them compatible with human health and the ecosystems we rely on," says Halden.

Plastics today represent 15-25 percent of all hospital waste in the U.S. Some newer plastics are biodegradeable, but the rest must be incinerated, disposed of in landfills, or recycled. All of these methods have drawbacks and carry environmental risk, as the new study explains.

Biodegradeable plastics may break down in the environment into smaller polymer constituents, which may still pose a risk to the environment. Incineration liberates greenhouse gases associated with climate change. Landfilling of plastics, particularly in the enormous volumes now produced, may be an impractical use of land resources and a danger exists of plastics constituents entering the ground water. Finally, recycling of plastics requires careful sorting of plastic material, which is difficult. Recycled plastics tend to be of lower quality and may not be practical for health care and other applications.

Rolf Halden has been appointed to lead a new effort to protect human health and critical ecosystems, called the Center for Environmental Security (CES) at Ariziona State University. The goal of the Center is to protect human populations and the planet by detecting, minimizing and ultimately eliminating harmful chemical and biological agents through engineering interventions.

As Halden explains, the problems posed by plastics need to be addressed on several fronts, and current research offers significant hope for improvements to human and

This bio-tile not only comes with an excellent ecological balance, it even unlocks new design options. Credit: Fraunhofer IWM

RENEWABLE, BIODEGRADABLE RAW MATERIALS FOR INTERIOR DESIGN AND PACKAGING

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION working closely with a German factory builder that intends to incorporate the new process into its business operations soon.

They consist of a mixture of linseed oil epoxy, various natural fibers and diatomaceous earth, a material that is procured from fossilized diatoms. New bio-based tile systems, like the ones designed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM in Halle, are more environmentally friendly, lighter-weight and - depending on their manufacturing and material properties - more resource- and energy-efficient than conventional ceramic materials. "The composite is not hard as glass and brittle like conventional epoxy, but flexible and more pliable instead. This makes it easier to work with the tiles," as Andreas Krombholz, scientist in the natural composites division at IWM, describes another advantage.

They also put a completely new spin on architectural perspectives. In the molding process, they can be shaped on an entirely customized basis, and shaped into squares, triangles or circles, for example. Even patterns and colors can be tailor-made.

ROTATIONAL MOULDING INDUSTRY IN EUROPE EXPERIENCES CAUTIOUS RECOVERY, GROWING WELL IN INDIA The rotational moulding industry in Europe is experiencing a cautious recovery, with the market expected to show some growth in 2012 following three years of declining problems, according to a recently published guide from plastics industry consultant Applied Market Information. A 3% drop in the number of rotational moulders listing in AMI’s guide to the rotational moulding industry in Europe, highlights the effects of the global economic crisis on the European plastics industry. The remaining 336 listed production sites across Europe are estimated to have been responsible for the consumption of 211,000 tons of polymer in 2011, down from the pre-recession highs of 250,000 tons in 2006. Although the industry has a long way to go to regain those lost volumes, the market is expected to show some growth for 2012 after three years of declining volumes. The weakness in the rotomoulding sector was largely a consequence of the continued economic uncertainty in Europe which resulted in the reduction of infrastructure projects and impacted on the demand for rotationally moulded water and fuel tanks, which make up the largest end use application for this process. Other sectors however performed better and the economic downturn resulted in some applications which may have traditionally used blow moulding switching to rotational moulding because of the smaller volumes of articles required and the economic advantages of using rotational moulding for small runs. The materials handling market has been relatively unaffected by the recession and the market for IBC is still growing. This market is maintained by the requirement for most containers to be replaced a minimum of every 3 years. The offshore industry and fishing remains a solid and growing market especially in the Nordic Countries where over 50% of rotational moulders supply the marine and fishing markets.

Another design advantage: By adding fluorescent pigments to the blend, they are transformed into light tiles. This means they can be used both outdoors and indoors, serving as illuminated guideposts on floors and walls. The same biotiles can also be installed in kitchens and bathrooms and can serve as indoor floor coverings. There are cost benefits to both producer and customer here: this is because the tiles can handle the impact noise abatement directly, so an entire work step can be dropped from the production process.

Heat-resistant plastic from corn starch The packaging industry is increasingly using biopolymers made from polylactides (PLAs) as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastic. They are obtained from corn starch and completely biodegradable. Previously, however, PLA began to soften at about 60 ºC, so it was not suitable for heat-intensive processes. But now, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP in Potsdam have found a way to make this bioplastic even more heat-resistant. An interesting application comes from the food industry: The filling of yogurt in plastic cups, because this process takes place at higher temperatures.

Cups made of PLA stereo complexes retain their shape and remain stable even at temperatures of up to 120 ºC. Dr. Johannes Ganster, division director at IAP, explains the principle behind this: "To make PLA plastics more form-stable at higher temperatures, we introduced stereo complexes with special components of L-lactides and D-lactides. These rightand-left rotating molecules complement each other and make the bond even more stable."

ROTO MOLDING POLYMER DEMAND EUROPE The rotomoulding solution is ideal for large hollow products that combine very well with India’s scarce potable water storage. But the over US$500 mln Indian rotomoulding industry is growing beyond, as per SARD / StAR. The growth in transportation along with huge expansion programs in highways development has created enormous scope for rotomoulding in areas like automotives, road furniture and manholes. The phenomenal growth of the Indian infrastructure sector has generated massive requirements for rotomoulded products in rainwater harvesting, solid waste management, underground septic tank and sanitation systems. An index of the growth in the infrastructure sector has been the outlay of US$0.5 trillion for the sector in a 5 year period which is currently on. The boom in the retail sector and growing demand for rotomoulded solutions in areas like school furniture, playground equipment and marine products have all contributed in making India a prime market for rotomoulded products. New products and applications have considerably expanded the product range of the Indian rotomoulding industry.

Corporations have already expressed tremendous interest, because the potential is massive. Production of biopolymers made of PLA is independent of the growing scarcity of petroleum. In addition, they can be readily composted, and they are ideal for recycling by decomposition in lactic acid.

The greatest advantage is that they have since become just as durable and sturdy as any petroleum-based plastic, and can even be used for other products, such as protective films, computer housing and shopping bags. IAP is already 23

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

"High Density Polyethylene Pipe As Fractional Distillation Column (Outer Diameter 315 mm)" - Ms Poorvi C. Desai, Service To Plastic Industry Plastics to a new are few, plastics to a few are new. The beginning of new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could begin a new beginning for high density polyethylene pipes which could make plastics per capita consumption increase from a single to a triple digit in the country which could bring in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry". High density polyethylene pipes could form a pipeline of new enduse innovations of innovative people which could bring in scientific results out of this material of science. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes such as high density polyethylene fractional distillation column could add an additional feather to the cap of existing business of existing manufacturers of high density polyethylene pipes. Stepping in of high density polyethylene pipes in chemical industry could bring in a link of plastic industry and chemical industry.

NEW PRODUCT AND NEW ENDUSE INNOVATIONS FOR ENTREPRENEURS IN PLASTICS INDUSTRY New product as well as new enduse innovations in "Plastic Industry-Dawn Of Indian Industry" would bring in expansions related to each manufacturing process of plastics. To share colours of knowledge in the form of new product as well as new enduse innovations amongst manufacturers of plastic products would lead to money in plastic industry with each manufacturer attain a safety net for his business. Plastics have grown from a mole to a mountain bringing in "PolymerA Growing Plant Towards Fruition of Plastic Products". New product as well as enduse innovations would help manufacturers achieve a safety net for their business for a period of above 15-20 years. These manufacturers would have the flexibility of jumping from one enduse to another enduse which would lead to a multiplication of endusers in his business. These new product and new enduse innovations would help in increasing the selling price of the final product which would lead to an increase of average selling price of the final product bringing in a higher net profitability and lower payback periods in comparison to existing business.

High density polyethylene pipes, production with which produces entrepreneurs each day as new born entrepreneurs could further increase with new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes. Chemical resistant by nature, high density polyethylene pipes could bring in new enduse innovations related to chemical industry.

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could create a new history in this high density polyethylene pipe industry. An industry which began with pipes as drinking water pipes could bring in new enduse innovations such as HDPE Pipes As Fractional Distillation Column which could form an industry with entrepreneurs who could implant these innovations with their business acumen, dynamism and dexterity. Entrepreneurs who seek high density polyethylene pipe project could look at small diameter pipes with lower investments and could plough profits and expand their business to large diameter pipes with higher investments.

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could help these pipes achieve a higher market penetration.

Creativity is due to the creative minds of creative people, creators of the plastic units are entrepreneurs full of dynamism, business acumen and dexterity who could bring in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry".

An extremely high market potential of plastic products would bring in additional feather to the cap of existing business of manufacturers in Indian Industry. Plastics, coming out of its infant stage yesterday have moved towards a growing phase leading to a growing phenomenon today would continue to be "Plastic Industry-Dawn of Indian Industry". Plastics to a new are few, plastics to a few are new. Plastics, to a common man is the most common amongst common man. Enduse innovations in plastics would help manufacturers manufacture products for new enduses without an investment on plant and machinery and also without much investment in marketing of the products. New product innovations would help manufacturers to increase the product mix with an investment only in moulds and dies without any investment on plant and machinery and could manufacture products on the same plant and machinery.

New product and new enduse innovations would make plastic rank as one of the top ranking material in agribusiness, building & construction, infrastructure and automotive enduse sectors helping plastic increase the per capita consumption from a single digit to triple digit in the country with new enduse innovation such as high density polyethylene pipes as homes for rural population

An inflow of new enduse innovations could bring in an inflow of new creative ideas in the plastics world of imagination by the imagination of unimaginative people. To innovate is the job of innovators, innovations are due to the versatile characteristics of plastics. Plastics to a new are few, plastics to a few are new. Yesterday high density polyethylene pipes were perceived as pipes for drinking water tomorrow a growing phenomenon could grow from a mole to a mountain bringing in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products".

PLASTICS FOR ENTREPRENEURS New enduse innovations on high density pipes could bring about an imagination of unimaginative people bringing about unimaginative results making these pipes most common amongst common man. To innovate is the job of innovators, innovations are due to the versatile characteristics of plastics.

A humble beginning with which high density polyethylene 24

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION pipes began its beginning yesterday, tomorrow could bring in new enduse innovations such as high density polyethylene pipes as fractional distillation column could bring in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products".

with new enduse innovations such as fractional distillation column. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could bring about a new horizon in high density polyethylene pipe industry which could bring about an inflow of entrepreneurs in this pipe industry due to an inflow of chemicals in Indian Industry. Innovations of innovative people could bring about an inflow of a creative world due to the creativity of creative people.

New Enduse Innovations on high density polyethylene pipes such as fractional distillation column could bring about many new enduse innovations related to plastic industry. High density polyethylene pipes, a major axis on which plastic industry would lie could bring about a high market potential in each country with new enduse innovations which could bring in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry". Rare, unfound, uncommon new enduse innovations could bring about uncommon results out of this material of science. High density polyethylene pipes could be the most sought product due to its longeivity.

High density polyethylene pipes could bring about unbound boundaries of enduse innovations which could fructify into more number of projects to fruition. Innovations are created by "New Creative Ideas" of creative minds creating a world of imagination could create new plastic units in the country.

Indian Industry comprises of plastic industry as well as chemical industry, tomorrow could form a link between plastic industry and chemical industry with new enduse innovations such as HDPE Pipes As Fractional Distillation Column. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could help the plastic industry to grow from a mole to a mountain, a growing phenomenon bringing in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". Unbound boundaries of innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could unlock doors of money bringing in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products".

The life of large diameter high density polyethylene pipes is between 50 to 100 years with 100% virgin material, high density polyethylene. High density polyethylene pipes could step up the future of the plastic industry by stepping in this plastic industry. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could bring in a chain of new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes which could bring in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". Sowing seeds of plastics could reap fruits of money for entrepreneurs in plastic industry. The more you sow the more you reap. Sowing seeds of new product as well as new enduse innovations could germinate into plastic products with an extremely high market potential bringing in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". High density polyethylene pipes could bring about a neverending story with new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes which could bring in more projects to fruition. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes such as fractional distillation column a conduit of chemicals could bring about a conduit of money for entrepreneurs in plastic industry.

Forming new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could form an industry which could have an extremely high market potential in the country which could increase the per capita consumption of plastics from a single digit to a triple digit e.g. HDPE Pipes As Homes For Rural Population. Forming new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could form new plastic units forming a new growth of high density polyethylene pipes in each country. New enduse development on high density polyethylene pipes could be created by innovations of innovative people bringing about more number of new enduse innovations into its fold unfolding new endusers. New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could initiate in a small manner could propagate to a chain of enduse innovations bringing in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products" by the initiation of marketing initiatives of entrepreneurs in this high density polyethylene pipe industry. Polymers gives birth to plastics, monomers gives birth to polymers. History of plastics begins with polymers, story of plastics begins with entrepreneurs.

High density polyethylene pipes, an industry which brings about higher volumes of business for plastic industry and polymer industry could further bring about higher volumes of business with new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes. The production of high density polyethylene pipes which produces entrepreneurs, production of which generates plastic industry could increase with new enduse innovations of innovative people. High density polyethylene pipes, a versatile product due to its versatile characteristics of longeivity made out of versatile polymer, high density polyethylene could bring about an industry which is versatile.

High density polyethylene pipes, a product in plastic industry which could increase the market potential of plastics in each country with its versatile characteristic of longeivity could make this product the most sought product among endusers which could lead to monetary gains to endusers bringing in "Polymer- A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". High density polyethylene pipes was perceived as drinking water pipes yesterday, tomorrow could bring in new enduse innovations such as high density polyethylene pipes such as fractional distillation column. The future of plastics is bright with the past which initiated as pipes for drinking water. Initiation of new enduse innovations on high

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes which was perceived as inflow of water yesterday, tomorrow could bring about an inflow of chemicals with new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes as fractional distillation column. The future of high density polyethylene pipes is bright with the past which initiated with pipes for water supply. Plastic Industry could tie Chemical Industry 25

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION density polyethylene pipes could propagate to a chain of new enduse innovations amongst entrepreneurs due to the propagation of "New Creative Ideas" in the plastic industry.

A row of entrepreneurs in series and parallel could be generated by the generation of "New Creative Ideas" of creative minds of creative people. Formation of "New Creative Ideas" could form an industry which could be full of innovations which could be implemented by entrepreneurs who are full of business acumen, dynamism and dexterity bringing in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry".

Existing enduses for plastic products could bring in a high competition which could make it difficult for entrepreneurs to fetch a good net profitability.

high density polyethylene pipes then these pipes could become omnipresent in the chemical industry. Unfound, uncommon new enduse innovations could bring in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products".

A chain of new enduse innovations could be propagated with the innovations of innovative people who could begin new enduse innovations with a humble beginning. Beginning innovations with a humble beginning could tomorrow grow from a mole to a mountain, a growing phenomenon. To form a pipeline of new enduse innovations could be the job of innovators, to implant these innovations could be the job of entrepreneurs who are full of business acumen, dynamism and dexterity which could bring in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry". Unbound boundaries of new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could unlock doors of money for entrepreneurs in Indian Industry. Rare, unfound new enduse innovations could bring about scientific results with this material of science making plastics most common amongst common man. Never ending story of new enduse innovations could not end the fairy tale of plastic industry in the form of a fairy, new product as well as new enduse innovations. History of plastics begins with polymers, story of plastics begins with entrepreneurs.

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could involve extremely market potential of high density polyethylene pipes which could help in increasing the per capita consumption of plastic products from a single digit to a triple digit. Eg HDPE Pipes As Homes For Rural Population.

A new business which an entrepreneur could seek, tomorrow could consist of new enduse innovations of innovative people which could involve no fear of competition and extremely high market potential. New Enduse Development which is a need of any business could fructify with new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes bringing in new enduses into its fold unfolding new endusers each day as new born endusers. Yesterday, the benefits of high density polyethylene pipes to endusers were Greek and Latin tomorrow could be well understood by endusers in a language which could bring in monetary gains and longeivity to these endusers. The market potential of high density polyethylene pipes which could increase due to the enduse innovations of innovative people could bring in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". A broadened horizon of plastics with new product as well as new enduse innovations could bring about funnelling from a low base to a broad base of products could bring in "Polymer - A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products".

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could form a new story in high density polyethylene pipe industry. A chain of new enduse innovations could propagate a chain of entrepreneurs due to a propagation of a chain of endusers. A row of entrepreneurs in series and parallel in the form of diversifications and expansions could look at new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes.

New enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes, a conduit of water yesterday, a conduit of money for entrepreneurs could form a conduit of chemicals for chemical industry. Sowing seeds of plastics would reap fruits of money for entrepreneurs in this industry. Sowing seeds of new product as well as new enduse innovations could germinate into plastic products with extremely high market potential in the country. The more you sow the more you reap.

High Density Polyethylene pipes are chemical resistant, corrosion resistant, waterproof and could involve longeivity which could be used for many new enduse innovations with these properties of polymer, high density polyethylene. The life of large diameter high density polyethylene pipes is between 50 to 100 years with 100% virgin material, high density polyethylene. Chemical properties of high density polyethylene could make plastics and chemical an integral industry with the use of plastics in chemical industry. High density polyethylene pipes are versatile due to its properties such as chemical resistance which makes these pipes a versatile product. High density polyethylene pipes of a larger outer diameter could bring about new enduse innovations which could bring about a varied variety of functions of high density polyethylene pipes. High density polyethylene pipes with smaller outer diameters could be used mainly for agribusiness, whereas that of larger outer diameter could be used in enduse sectors such as agribusiness, building & construction, infrastructure and automotive. If the processing temperature of chemicals is within the melt temperature of

A tale of new product as well as new enduse innovations could be fascinating with the creativity of creative people creating a fairy tale in the form of a fairy, new product as well as new enduse innovations. New enduse innovations could create a new history in high density polyethylene pipe industry. History of plastics begins with polymers, story of plastics begins with entrepreneurs. To form a new beginning on large diameter high density polyethylene pipe in the form of new enduse innovations could create an unbound boundary for entrepreneurs in plastic industry. New enduse innovations could bring in a world of imagination bringing about unimaginative results by the imagination of unimaginative people which could extrude a "New High Density Polyethylene Pipe Industry" out of this extrusion process of plastics. Unbound boundaries of new enduse innovations on high density polyethylene pipes could unlock doors of money for entrepreneurs in this plastic industry.

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Beginning of high density polyethylene pipes began with a humble beginning yesterday, tomorrow could grow from a mole to a mountain, a growing phenomenon into many new enduse innovations such as high density polyethylene pipes as fractional distillation column. Large size high density polyethylene pipes could form new openings in plastic industry in the form of new enduse innovations which could open up new openings for entrepreneurs in plastic industry which could bring in "Polymer-A Growing Plant Towards Fruition Of Plastic Products". New plastic units, a generation out of the generation of new creative ideas of creative people could bring in "Plastic Industry - Dawn Of Indian Industry".

1.The Indian chemicals industry is the twelfth largest industry in the world and the third largest in Asia in terms of volume.

The Indian Chemicals industry is currently valued at around US $ 35 billion

Eventually, the gas makes it out of the fractionating column, is cooled to liquid, and empties into a receiving vessel.

In a laboratory setting, the two methods use much of the same equipment. The flasks, vessels, thermometers, condensers, clamps, adapters and even heating methods are interchangeable between the two. In fractional distillation, however, a fractionating column is set up between where the mixture is boiled (in a distilling flask) and the condenser, taking the place of the three-way adapter usually used.

HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPES - PE100

2.The USD 28 billion Indian chemical industry is a marginal player in the international market accounting for 1.9 per cent of the global chemicals market, while Indian trade(exports plus imports) accounts for first 1.3 per cent of the world chemical trade of USD 545 billion

1.

Longer Service Life Time - High density polyethylene pipes involve longeivity and the life of these pipes is more than 50 years. These pipes have leakproof joints.

2.

Corrosion & Chemical Resistance - For harsh chemical environments, high density polyethylene are ideal.

MELT TEMPERATURE = 190 TO 220 0 C High Density Polyethylene Pipe As Fractional Distillation Column (Validation & Inputs from a Large Diameter High Density Polyethylene Pipe Manufacturer)

HINSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPE AS FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION COLUMN DISTILLATION Distillation is a general term that describes a group of specific methods that use heat to separate mixtures. The two main types are simple and fractional. What can make this confusing is that some people incorrectly call simple distillation just "distillation." The two types use much of the same equipment and principles to separate mixtures, but the fractional method also uses a fractionating column.

Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, while the simple method is generally used when the boiling points are significantly different.

Outer Diameter of High Density Polyethylene Pipe = 315 mm, Wall thickness = 28.63 mm, Weight/metre = 27.45 kg/ mt, Pressure = 16 kg/cm2 If higher pressure is required, wall thickness could be increased This innovation could work depending upon the type of chemicals. If it absorbs heat, this innovation can work. If it releases heat then this innovation cannot work

In simple distillation, a mixture containing chemicals with different boiling points is heated to a gentle boil. The chemical, now in gaseous form, travels upward and then over into a cooled tube called a condenser, where it becomes a liquid again. The condenser is angled slightly downward, and a purer version of the desired chemical empties into a receiving vessel at the bottom.

DISCLAIMER 1.

Kindly note this is an innovation means a new creative idea and not yet implemented.

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of chemicals in a mixture are close to each-other, usually within 77째F (25째C). In this method, heat is added to the mixture until it begins to boil. The gas, usually purer than the mixture but still containing all of the chemicals, then travels up into a fractionating column. The fractionating column blocks the gas from directly rising by putting a large amount of surface area in its way, either by using a series of trays or plates, or by filling the entire column with packing material. The rising gas then condenses on the trays or other materials and becomes a liquid. The rising gases from below, however, heat this liquid again, causing it to distill again, and an even purer gas travels up to the next level of the column.

2.

However this new creative idea has been validated either by machinery supplier, or manufacturer of the product in the respective field or consultant of plastics in India.

3.

Each entrepreneur who intends setting up a new project has to initiate the implementation of this innovation, a new creative idea while setting up a new project.

CONCLUSION New Enduse Innovations as well as New Product Enduse Innovations in plastics would help increase the per capita consumption of plastics making plastic rank as one of the top ranking material in agribusiness, building & construction, infrastructure and automotive enduse sectors bringing in "Plastic Industry-Dawn Of Indian Industry".

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Polyurethane Polymer Foam Slows Blood Loss in Victims of Internal Hemorrhaging The Department of Defense’s medical system aspires to a standard known as the “Golden Hour” that dictates that troops wounded on the battlefield are moved to advancedlevel treatment facilities within the first 60 minutes of being wounded. The foam-based product developed by Arsenal Medical for DARPA can be injected into a wounded servicemember on the battlefield to slow blood loss until the patient can be transported to an appropriate medical facility.

Hix, Director of Concept Development for the Army Capability Integration Center at Training and Doctrine Command. “A capability like this is important in any operation, but would prove vital during operations in austere areas where military resources and infrastructure are at a premium,” he said.

“Wound Stasis has been an exciting program because we were able to move unexpectedly from fundamental research to a pre-clinical proof-of-concept based on the strength of our findings,” said Brian Holloway, DARPA program manager.

“According to the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, internal hemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable deaths on the battlefield, so the Wound Stasis effort should ultimately translate into an increased rate of survival among warfighters. If testing bears out, the foam technology could affect up to 50 percent of potentially survivable battlefield wounds. We look forward to working with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on future regulatory submission of this device, and with our partners, the Army Institute of Surgical Research and Special Operations Command, on getting this technology to where it’s desperately needed on the front lines.”

In advance of transport, initial battlefield medical care administered by first responders is often critical to injured servicemembers’ survival. In the case of internal abdominal injuries and resulting internal hemorrhaging, however, there is currently little that can be done to stanch bleeding before the patients reach necessary treatment facilities; internal wounds cannot be compressed the same way external wounds can, and tourniquets or hemostatic dressingsare unsuitable because of the need to visualize the injury. The resulting blood loss often leads to death from what would otherwise be potentially survivable wounds.

DARPA launched its Wound Stasis System program in 2010 in the hopes of finding a technological solution that could mitigate damage from internal hemorrhaging. The program sought to identify a biological mechanism that could discriminate between wounded and healthy tissue, and bind to the wounded tissue. As the program evolved, an even better solution emerged: Wound Stasis performer Arsenal Medical, Inc. developed a foam-based product that can control hemorrhaging in a patient’s intact abdominal cavity for at least one hour, based on swine injury model data. The foam is designed to be administered on the battlefield by a combat medic, and is easily removable by doctors during surgical intervention at an appropriate facility, as demonstrated in testing. Wound Stasis performers presented pre-clinical data on the foam treatment at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma in Kauai, Hawaii. These data demonstrated the ability of the foam to treat severe hemorrhage for up to three hours in a model of lethal liver injury. During testing, minimally invasive application of the product reduced blood loss sixfold and increased the rate of survival at three hours postinjury to 72 percent from the eight percent observed in controls.

The foam is actually a polyurethane polymer that forms inside a patient’s body upon injection of two liquid phases, a polyol phase and an isocyanate phase, into the abdominal cavity.

As the liquids mix, two reactions are triggered.

First, the mixed liquid expands to approximately 30 times its original volume while conforming to the surfaces of injured tissue. Second, the liquid transforms into solid foam capable of providing resistance to intra-abdominal blood loss. The foam can expand through pooled and clotted blood and despite the significant hydrostatic force of an active hemorrhage.

In tests, removal of the foam took less than one minute following incision by a surgeon. The foam was removed by hand in a single block, with only minimal amounts remaining in the abdominal cavity, and with no significant adherence of tissue to the foam. Features appearing in relief on the extracted foam showed conformal contact with abdominal tissues and partial encapsulation of the small and large bowels, spleen, and liver. Blood absorption was limited to near the surface of the foam; the inside of the foam block remained almost uniformly free of blood. DARPA recently awarded a $15.5 million Phase II contract to Arsenal Medical to continue development of the treatment system and support regulatory submission. DARPA anticipates continuing the Wound Stasis program through at least FDA approval of a prototype device.

“Potentially, Wound Stasis provides an important addition to our ability to save life and limb. Getting after these heretofore difficult-to-stabilize, if not untreatable wounds, expands our options and effectively extends the ‘Golden Polyurethane Polymer Foam Slows Blood Loss in Victims of Internal Hemorrhaging Saved from URL: http://www.azom.com/ news.aspx?newsID=35101 P/2 1 Hour,’” said Maj. Gen. Bill

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ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

The Importance of Materials Characterization in the Lightweighting of Passenger Vehicles

By AZoM

INTRODUCTION Besides record levels of global passenger vehicles production, the automotive industry is also witnessing higher levels of investment in support of research and development activities. The challenge in meeting global demand and addressing compliance with changing regulations drives many automotive manufacturers towards strategic partnerships. Most of these collaborations focus on streamlined approaches to tackle issues like materials specification for lightweighting initiatives.

variable parts, this toolkit provides more options in length, width and height to develop more models, which include regional variations.

The strategy not promotes the trends of sizeable reductions in fuel consumption, weight, and emissions, but also minimizes engineering hours per vehicle and unit cost. According to Koprivc, the partnership between Volkswagen Group and Zwick is to develop materials test and quality assurance solutions that promote the MQB strategy. Volkswagen Group is currently using Zwick test equipment in large volume in its 100 manufacturing facilities across the world. Materials’ testing is an important element of the The Importance of Materials Characterization in the Lightweighting of Passenger Vehicles Saved from URL: http:// www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8126P/3 1

One example is the joint development deal between General Motors and Teijin to develop technologies for mass production of carbon fiber-based components. A key objective of the partnership is to reduce cost of production of components using these novel materials while reducing weight of vehicles by up to 20% by integrating the materials into the design of vehicle platforms. Another example is the collaboration between Volkswagen Group and Zwick/Roell AG of Ulm, a provider of materials and component testing solutions.

MQB concept, which involves the selection of materials with unique mechanical properties for specific applications. New types of aluminum and steel alloys and alloys in combination with fiber composites or polymers are used to achieve objectives such as lower unit cost and weight reduction.

MAJOR INITIATIVES IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AleksanderKoprivc, Automotive Industry Manager at Zwick, informed that Zwick solutions are commonly utilized for validating new materials and technologies.

Several key initiatives have been started in the automotive industry for the characterization of materials ranging from magnesium to composites for power train, chassis and body applications. The launch of hybrid electric vehicles and other powertrain technologies has promoted testing practices to validate the functionality of novel sensors and safety of batteries. Volkswagen Group is actively involved in component design to work with up-andcoming powertrain technologies in addition to assemblies equipped with novel material systems to improve fuel efficiency. The continuous expansion of major initiatives like ‘lightweighting’ drives manufacturers to shift their focus towards component validation and testing.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MATERIAL TESTING Charlie Lin, Quality Laboratory Manager at Volkswagen’s production facility at Chattanooga, Tennessee, informed that the company has rigorous materials and component specifications relating to vehicle components. It is necessary to understand why there is a difference in test results produced at one plant when compared to products manufactured at other plants worldwide. Moreover, as new components are manufactured using new materials and technologies, OEMs employ testing practices to determine why there is a variation in values from those provided by suppliers.

Test throughput levels are emphasized to facilitate timely responses to production and design teams alike.

It is necessary to reduce changeover time between tests because test labs look for new approaches to improve test throughput.

KEY STRATEGY OF VOLKSWAGEN GROUP Volkswagen Group, which includes the Skoda, Porsche, and Audi brands, is creating sizeable economies of scale through a novel production strategy called MQB or modular transversal toolkit. Using unique and

ZWICK Z010 ALLROUND-LINE SYSTEM The Zwick Z010 Allround-Line system can measure steering wheel adjustment mechanisms for three different test profiles on three different testing axes, a solution to fulfill the requirement for platform flexibility.

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The same platform can also be setup to test clutch operating forces by using pneumatic specimen grips and adjusting for different clutch dimensions.

The Importance of Materials Characterization in the Lightweighting of Passenger Vehicles Saved from URL: http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8126 P / 32 Zwick USA

Koprivc informed that considerable time can be saved if the equipment can be easily and rapidly reconfigured for multiple tests. This capability is vital on the production floor. Volkswagen’s Lin informed that producing qualitative results from tests on compression forces, impact strength, and tensile strength on actual vehicle components and having the capability to reproduce those same tests with a high degree of repeatability is vital.

RELATED PROFILES • Zwick GmbH & Co. KG • Zwick Testing Machines (UK) 2125 Barrett Park Drive, Suite 107 KENNESAW GA, 30144, United States, PH: +1 (770) 420 6555 Fax: +1 (770) 420 6333, Email: info@zwickusa.com Visit Zwick USA Website

CONCLUSION Zwick joins forces with standardization organizations to monitor and take part in standards development. The company also works with material and component suppliers, and customers for the development of specific standards. Koprivc told that the company helps suppliers to meet the requirements of Volkswagen testing standards. There are nearly 50 different Volkswagen testing standards where Zwick machines may be applied.

PRIMARY ACTIVITY Suppliers of materials and component testing systems.

Company Background For over 150 years the name of Zwick Roell has stood for outstanding technical expertise, innovation, quality and reliability in materials and component testing. Our customers’ confidence in us is reflected in our position as world-leaders in static testing and the significant growth we are experiencing in fatigue strength testing systems.

ABOUT ZWICK Zwick is one of the top-ranking manufacturers of static and dynamic materials testing systems worldwide. With our extensive portfolio of testing machines, systems, and software we supply customized solutions for almost all test tasks required in the area of modern mechanical materials testing.

The figures tell the same story: in the 2011 the company achieved incoming orders of •185m. With innovative product development, a comprehensive range and worldwide service, this family concern supplies tailormade solutions for the most demanding research and development and quality assurance requirements in over 20 industries. With over 1100 employees, a production facility in Ulm, Germany, additional facilities in America and Asia plus agencies in 56 countries worldwide, the Zwick brand name guarantees the highest product and service quality.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Zwick. For more information on this source, please visit Zwick. Date Added: Feb 2, 2013 | Updated: Feb 4, 2013

New Members List 1

SABIC INDIA PVT LTD AJ Block, 4th street, No-55(New No-27), Lakshmi Nivas, 1st Floor, Annanagar, Chennai-600040

V N Srinivasan Manager

9840021573

Manufacturer of LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC, PS, PET & Melamine in Saudi Arabia

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Veeraaya Techno Plast Private Limited Kolamuru, Rajahmundry East Godavari District-533102

Ravi Kiran Mullapudi Director Subba Rao Chundru Director

9848760650

Manufacture of HDPE Pipes and Fittings

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9948822699

ANDHRA PRADESH PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

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REPORT ON APPMA's PLAST MEET ON Expensive Power Supply Scheme Schemes, addressed the burning issue of power situation and categorically explained the Expensive Power Supply Scheme which is the need of the hour to make use for running the industries without interruption.

It was explained with facts and figures on industry prospective through power point presentation.

Sri.Sridhar Reddy from APERC spoke on the Scheme from the Regulatory Prospective and explained the procedures to avail the power supply even though it is costlier.

This Plast Meet is proposed to address the Government's initiatives to implement the Expensive Power Supply Scheme for the power consumers at a higher cost to keep the industry running uninterrupted due to the shortage of power available in the State. It has become more appropriate to bring awareness on the scheme to over come the present power problems by inviting prominent and learned speakers on the subject.

Dr.K.Narayana Reddy, Chairman of the Seminar Committee, in his capacity as Programme Chairman has invited the dignitaries Sri.A.Dayakar, Secretary, Sri.J.Venugopal, Sr. Vice President, Sri.V.Anil Reddy, President, Sri.Sridhar Reddy from APERC, Sri.M.V.Rajeshwar Rao from FAPCCI and the Chief Guest Sri.Sadhu Sundar, Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Leather Industries Corporation who were profusely received with bouquets by our President and his team.

The Chief Guest, Sri.Sadhu Sundar delivering his address advised the gathering to make use of the scheme as it is the only alternative in the present critical stage of power supply in the State.

There was open house session and the speakers very patiently answered suitably to all the questions and points.

After his address, the Chief Guest Sri.Sadhu Sundar released the newly brought out Members Directory / Diary 2013 and presented them to the dignitaries and all the Past Presidents of APPMA. A few main advertisers of the Members Directory / Diary 2013 like Vijayneha Polymers, Sri Venkateswara Flexopack Pvt. Ltd., Sudhakar Group and Uflex were profusely felicitated with momentos.

To listen to the Speakers on the Expensive Power Supply Scheme, more than 200 members from APPMA have participated and it was overwhelming gathering.

President Sri.V.Anil Reddy welcomed the Chief Guest, Speakers and all the participants and requested the members to make use of the scheme to overcome the power problem.

The Plast Meet ended with vote of thanks by Sr. Vice President Sri.J.Venugopal. He profusely thanked The Chairman of the Members Directory / Diary Committee

Sri.M.V.Rajeshwar Rao, Secretary General, FAPCCI, who is an authority in explaining various Government

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Mr.Nikhil Tibrewala, The Co-Chairman Mr.Narendra Baldwa for taking the initiative and bringing out the Directory. He also thanked the Co-Chairman, Plastmeet & Seminar Committee, Mr.A Sudhakar for the services and for the arrangements made with respect to the Plastmeet.

This was followed by National Anthem.

At the end, the Chairman of the program Dr.K.Narayana Reddy requested all the participants to have dinner and enjoy in the evening.

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Launch Programme of Members Diary cum Directory

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CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS ARE WELCOMED ONLY FROM MEMBERS. --- EDITOR

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