Questions & Answers

The intent of this column is to provide general answers or advice (not formal, official opinions) about the questions asked . The answers are based on the most recent edition of Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised, unless otherwise indicated, and do not take into account such governing authorities as statutes, bylaws, adopted special rules of order, other parliamentary authorities, or earlier editions, except as specifically mentioned .

Questions should be emailed to npquestions@nap2.org.

In responses to questions, the following abbreviations are used:

RONR Henry M . Robert et al ., Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised (12th ed . 2020)

PL Henry M . Robert, Parliamentary Law (1923)

PP Henry M . Robert, Parliamentary Practice (1921)

Q&AII NAP Questions & Answers II (1970)

Q&AIII NAP Questions & Answers III (1997)

Q&AIV NAP Questions & Answers IV (2010)

AIPSC American Institute of Parliamentarians Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure (2012)

Demeter George Demeter, Demeter’s Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure (Blue Book ed . 1969)

Keesey Ray E . Keesey, Modern Parliamentary Procedure (2nd ed . 2018)

Mason Paul Mason, Mason’s Manual of Legislative Procedure (2010 ed .)

Riddick Floyd M . Riddick & Miriam M . Butcher, Riddick’s Rules of Procedure (1985)

POI AIP Parliamentary Opinions (1982)

POII AIP Parliamentary Opinions II (1992)

POIII AIP Parliamentary Opinions III (2008) (electronic only)

Citations to earlier versions of Henry M . Robert’s rules of order are abbreviated as follows:

RO Editions 1-3, Robert’s Rules of Order

ROR Editions 4-6, Robert’s Rules of Order Revised