9/23/2012
Scientific & Technological Innovation Partnerships for Clean Energy Development Suresh V. Garimella Goodson Distinguished Professor Associate Vice President for Engagement Purdue University Innovation, Science and Technology for Energy Efficient Development of Central America ECPA/Organization of American States Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica 10 September, 2012
Contacto: ECPA Clearinghouse Email: ecpa_clearinghouse@oas.org
1
9/23/2012
Costa Rica’s Bright Energy Picture
Per Capita Consumption
Source: USAID/Nexant report, Aug 27, 2010
Costa Rica’s Bright Energy Picture
Line Losses (%), 2008
Electrification Rate (% of Total Population), 2006
Source: USAID/Nexant report, Aug 27, 2010
2
9/23/2012
Costa Rica’s Energy Mix
Global Emissions
WP Conclusion: While populations of China and India dwarf that of the U.S., the carbon emitted by an American far outweighs the emissions generated by the average Chinese or Indian. Washington Post 12/10/10
3
9/23/2012
per capita Numbers
o WP graphic (December 2010) uses 2007 numbers o 2009 numbers for U.S. fell to 4.82 and China rose to 1.59
– the ratio decreased from 3.84 to 3 in two years!
4
9/23/2012
% of households with electricity
per capita Emissions Track Energy Access 100 80 60 Circle size proportional to CO2 emissions
40 20 0 0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
GDP per capita in 2005 US$ at PPP
Saturation in electrification reached early in GDP growth, but emissions keep rising past this point
L Monari, World Bank
Energy Shortages
energyshortage.org
Africa and South Asia (13% and 33% downtime) have the highest frequency and duration of outages
5
9/23/2012
Sub‐national Water Availability: 2003 Water Availability: 2025 Water Availability: 2000 Water Availability: 1975
Coca Cola
m3/person/year
Extreme Scarcity Scarcity Stress Adequate Abundant Surplus <500 500‐1,000 1,000‐1,700 1,700‐4,000 4,000‐10,000 >10,000
No Data Ocean/ Inland Water
Climate Change a Multiplier for Instability Source: UK Government, 2007
Water Scarcity
Demography
Crop Decline
Hunger
Coastal Risks
Recent Conflicts
6
9/23/2012
History of Energy Use Renewables Nuclear
100%
Percentage of U.S. Energy Consumption
90%
Natural Gas
80% 70%
50%
Coal 40%
Wood
?
75%
Oil
60%
75%
75%
30%
Hydro
20% 10% 0% 1850
1870
1890
50 years
1910
1930
1950
1970
50 years
1990
2010
50 years
Sources: EIA, Annual Energy Review: 2008 and EIA, Annual Energy Outlook: 2009 with Recovery Act Update 13 | U.S. Department of Energy
energy.gov
Example of Denmark: Energy System of the Future
www.klimakommissionen.dk
• Fossil‐free by 2050 – energy security from renewables • Reducing GHG emissions by 80% from 1990 levels, even as energy demand doubles
7
9/23/2012
The Greening of Denmark o Electricity’s share in energy supply o o o o o o
20% → 40‐70% Offshore wind 3150 → 10,000 MW (more transnational cables) Mostly EVs using 1/3 of today’s energy Large vehicles on biofuels Wave power; biomass; solar PV Home heating (storage) with DH 50% energy‐use reductions in heating, appliances, transport, industry and ag
The Greening of Denmark o Links with neighbors and smart o o o o
grids to address intermittency Biomass‐fired CHP plants for backup NO nuclear energy Tax policy, legislation and research Cost of conversion by 2050 negligible (as energy needs double)
8
9/23/2012
Proposed Change in Energy Mix
Complex whole‐ of‐government approach
Heavy reliance on export‐ import balance
9
9/23/2012
Overall Fuel Conversion Efficiency
National Academies Report, 2010
Evolution of Lighting Technologies
Luminous Efficiency (lm/W)
200 LED
High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
150
High-Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide
100
Fluorescent Induction Lighting
Plasma
Mercury Vapor
50 Incandescent
Shaped Reflectors Tungsten-Halogen
0 1920
Conventional Incandescent
1940
1960
Year
1980
2000
2020
EPRI, 2011
10
9/23/2012
Need for Energy Efficiency in Electronics 1.0
1.6 bn internet users
0.8 0.6
635 W for 58 inch TV 100 W for old displays
CO2 emissions as percent of world total
0.2 Data centers
Airlines
Shipyards Steel plants 340
142
146
178
80
80
A Chicago data center for Microsoft is 17 football fields in size
Megatons of CO2 emissions per year
2007 McKinsey Report, 2009
2020
Data Centers
Available Options
11
9/23/2012
Challenges with Renewables o Energy density (except for nuclear) o Intermittency and variability (storage) o Grid integration and distribution o Scalability o Siting and land‐use o Ecological effects o Complexity o Cost
PURDUE’S DISCOVERY PARK IS:
Purdue’s hub for interdisciplinary and translational research, conceived as a place where scholars from all disciplines could work together to define whole new areas of research and solve grand challenges.
12
9/23/2012
Bindley Bioscience Center Birck Nanotechnology Center Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurship
Discovery Learning Research Center Global Sustainability at Purdue Center for the Environment Energy Center Purdue Climate Change Research Center Center for Global Food Security Water Community
ACCESS: Advanced Computational
Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurship
Birck Nanotechnology Center
Bindley Bioscience Center
Center for Engineering and Sciences Cyber Center Rosen Center for Advanced Computing (ITaP)
Oncological Sciences Center Regenstrief Center for Healthcare
Gerald D. and Edna E. Mann Hall
Hall for Discovery and Learning Research
Engineering
SEEDING AND NURTURING STARTUP COMPANIES 9 8
# of Companies
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
26
13
9/23/2012
Large Energy Programs Energy Efficient Buildings Hub
Network for Photovoltaic Technology
Hoosier Heavy Hybrid Center of Excellence
Center for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels
Cutting‐Edge Energy Projects Solar thin film cells from nanocrystals ink using earth abundant materials
Cellulose + Carrier Gas (H2)
H2+O2 igniter
Nano-glass fiber thermoelectric that can be folded and to generate electricity from waste heat
Robust distributed wind power engineering to improve reliability To vent
~ 65 cm To condensers Rocket Reactor for converting efficiently biomass into useful bioproducts
14
9/23/2012
George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation
I‐10 Los Angeles, 1994 Northridge CA
Miyako City, 2011 Iwate Prefecture
Accelerate improvements in seismic design and performance of the infrastructure by supporting efforts of NEES users to: (a) improve performance‐based design procedures, evaluation methods & strengthening techniques (b) develop the next generation of researchers, educators, and engineers
31
Oregon State University
University of Illinois- Urbana
University of Minnesota
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
University of Buffalo
University of California Davis Lehigh University
University of California Santa Barbara
University of California Berkeley University of California Los Angeles Cornell University University of Texas Austin
University of Nevada Reno
University of California San Diego
32
15
9/23/2012
nanoHUB – a Collaboration Platform $33M NSF‐funded Center Headquartered at Purdue Network of other Universities: • UC Berkeley • Northwestern Univ • Univ Illinois Urbana‐Champaign • Norfolk State Univ • Univ Texas El Paso
Mission: Support the National Nanotechnology Initiative by creating, deploying, and operating http://nanoHUB.org, a cyber‐resource for theory, modeling and simulation. Worldwide audience of 230,000 users from 172 countries
Goals of Colombia Engagement To work with the Colombian universities, government and industries for a partnership in focus areas at a scale that leads to significant impact with a financially sustainable model o To have a significant impact on S &T capacity in Colombia • Training critical mass of pre‐doc, doc, postdocs in focus areas • Improve collaboration between Purdue and Colombian faculty in focus areas by pre‐doc, doc, postdoc, nanohub training
o To have significant Economic & Social impact in Colombia
• Strong focus on tech commercialization, industry partnerships • Service learning, engineering education, EPICS partnerships o To have impact in Indiana and Purdue • Connect Colombian companies to Indiana business and policy makers
• Bolster our research enterprise http://engineering.purdue.edu/cpiasr
16
9/23/2012
Colombia‐Purdue Institute for Advanced Scientific Research
Focus areas …
Nanotechnology • Forest products nanotechnology • Nanomaterials for energy applications • Bionanotechnology • Advanced materials and electronics
Paths…
Biotechnology • Biofuels/cellulosic biofuel technology • Biocatalysis and biopharmaceuticals • Sustainable, value added bioproducts • Sensors for environmental and biodiversity monitoring
Engagement with the Colombian scientific community o NSF‐Colciencias annual scientific workshops
on focus areas o Develop collaborative projects of technical
and economic interest to Colombia o Provide nanoHUB and HUBzero technology
training to exploit cyber‐infrastructure to enhance scientific collaboration and improve visibility and impact of Colombian scientists. o Develop engagement opportunities with Colombian entrepreneurs, academia, and community organizations for Colombian students trained at Purdue University
Impact…
Sustainability & engineering against the threat of natural disasters • Clean coal technology • Water resources engineering • Earthquake engineering
Educational frontiers research o Tailored Doctoral Programs will train • Service learning ~100 Colombian PhD students in key • International (EPICS) strategic focus areas in the next 4 combining University years. faculty and students to o Research internship for Colombian work with community junior investigators (Post Bachelor) organizations in less o Entrepreneurial training to enhance developed regions on economic impact through science and technology commercialization. o Post‐doctoral training projects
Training a new generation of researchers
o Community projects o Business seminar series
• Rapidly form Colombian entrepreneurs and researchers in focus areas • Discover high value sustainable products while maintaining biodiversity in Colombia • Enhance technology commercialization as economic growth engine
Thanks for your attention…
sureshg@purdue.edu
17