[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 1
The Silk Road Trip
3-11 April 2015
Name: _________________________________ Class: _________ Group: _________
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[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015]
Table of Contents Itinerary ....................................................................................................................... 3 Getting started ............................................................................................................ 5 The geographical settings .................................................................................................. 5 Topography ........................................................................................................................ 6 Climate ............................................................................................................................... 6 Tian Shan Tian Chi .......................................................................................................... 10 Turpan.............................................................................................................................. 12 Grape Valley in Turpan .................................................................................................... 13 Turpan water system ....................................................................................................... 14 Echoing-Sand Mountain................................................................................................... 15 Crescent Lake in Dunguang ............................................................................................ 17 中史學習資料 ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
團友需知 ................................................................................................................... 52 參加者須知 ............................................................................................................... 53 蒙古包分房名單 (六至八人一房) ........................................................................... 53 酒店分房名單 (二人一房) ....................................................................................... 54 分組名單 ................................................................................................................... 55 Publication of magazine .............................................................................................. 56 Travel Diary ................................................................................................................ 57
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Itinerary 第 一 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 3 日 上午 è è è 住宿
學校集合(安排旅遊巴送往關 口) 乘坐 MTR 直通車前往廣州 乘搭飛機前往烏魯木齊
晚上 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 20:50抵達一烏魯木 齊 è 國際大巴紮(1小時參 觀) è 返回酒店
烏魯木齊當地 4 星百花村大酒店 (二人一房) 電話：0991-2223555
第 二 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 4 日 上午 早餐 酒店 è 天山天池 (包遊船) è (約 2.5 小時參觀)
住宿
下午 午餐 航機上 è 乘搭中國南方航空CZ6888 前往烏魯木齊 è 15:50起飛一廣州
下午 午餐 當地餐廳 è 前往天山神秘大峽谷南山牧 場 (車程約 2.5 小時) è 南山牧場
晚上 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 入住南山牧場蒙古 包
南山牧場蒙古包(6-8 人一房)
第 三 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 5 日 上午 早餐 牧場早餐 è 吐魯番
住宿
下午 晚上 午餐 當地餐廳 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 火焰山(約 1 小時參觀) è 返回酒店 è 高昌故坊(約 1.5 小時參觀) è 維族家訪(約 40 分鐘參觀) 吐魯番當地 3 星標準酒店坎兒井賓館 (二人一房) 電話：0995-7685927
第 四 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 6 日 上午 早餐 酒店 è 吐魯番 è 葡萄溝(要季節許可)
住宿
晚上 晚餐 火車上自理 è 火車上
火車上硬卧
第 五 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 7 日 上午 早餐 火車上自理 è 火車上 è 07:10 抵達一柳園 è 戈壁灘外觀
住宿
下午 午餐 當地餐廳 è 坎兒井(40 分鐘參觀) è 前往烏魯木齊火車站 è 乘坐火車 K1338 次前往柳園 è 18:58 出發一烏魯木齊
下午 晚上 午餐 當地餐廳 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 雅丹魔鬼城 è 返回酒店 è 玉門關 è 陽關(入場) è 鳴沙山 è 月牙泉(2 小時參觀) 敦煌當地 3 星標準酒店廣元大酒店 (二人一房) 電話：0937-8851488
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第 六 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 8 日 上午 下午 晚上 早餐 酒店 午餐 當地餐廳 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 敦煌 è 前往嘉峪關(車程 5 小時) è 返回酒店 è 莫高窟(3 小時參觀) 住宿 嘉峪關當地 3 星標準酒店王朝酒店 (二人一房) 電話：0937-6929588 第 七 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 9 日 上午 早餐 酒店 è 嘉峪關城樓參觀(1.5 小時參 觀) è 長城博物館參觀(2 小時參觀) 住宿
下午 午餐 當地餐廳 è 前往嘉峪關火車站 è 乘坐火車K592次前往西安 è 14:07出發一嘉峪關
晚上 晚餐 火車上自理 è 火車上
火車上硬卧
第 八 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 10 日 上午 早餐 火車上自理 è 火車上 è 09:22 到達西安
住宿
下午 晚上 午餐 當地餐廳 晚餐 當地餐廳 è 西安秦始皇兵馬俑博物館 è 返回酒店 (2.5 小時參觀) è 大雁塔(1 小時參觀) è 漫步鐘樓及民族一條街 西安當地 3 星標準酒店之茂酒店 (二人一房) 電話：029-87368888
第 九 天 ： 2015 年 4 月 11 日 上午 早餐 酒店 或 當地餐廳 è 漢陽陵(1 小時參觀)
下午 午餐 當地餐廳 è 前往西安咸陽機場 è 乘搭中國南方航空 CZ3212 返 回廣州 è 15:55 起飛一西安 è 17:25 抵達一廣州
晚上 è 乘搭旅遊巴返回學 校 è 學校解散
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Getting started The trip to the Silk Road might be the longest excursion in Cheung Chuk Shan College’s history. Record the flight distance and time below: Flight no. CZ6888 CZ3214
Flight time and date 3 Apr 1550 – 2110 11 Apr 1625 – 1910
Destinations
Distance (km)
Flight duration (hr)
Guangzhou to Urumqi Xian to Shenzhen
The geographical settings Overview Located on the eastern frontier of Central Asia, Ürümqi is the capital of China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Ürümqi, which means “beautiful pasture” in Mongolian, is also the most remote city from any sea in the world. Despite this face, the city thrived as a trading hub along the Silk Road during the Tang and Ming dynasties. Ürümqi has earned a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the most remote city from any sea in the world. It is about 2,500 km from the nearest coastline The city has an administrative area of 10,989 km2 and has an average elevation of 800 metres. Xi’an is the capital of Shaanxi province, located in the northwest of China. It is the one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China and the starting point of the Silk Road. Xi’an lies on the Guanzhong Plain in the south-central part of Shaanxi province, on a flood plain created by the eight surrounding rivers and streams. The city has an average elevation of 400 metres above sea level. The city borders the northern foot of the Qin Mountain (Qinling) to the south and the banks of the Wei River to the north. Not far to the north is the Loess Plateau. Compare the latitudes and longitudes of the two places you travelled with Hong Kong. Hong Kong Ürümqi Xian Latitudes Longitudes
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Topography
The topography in Urumqi mainly is hilly area and the basins surrounded by mountains. The southwestern and northeastern parts are higher than the middle part and the northwestern part.
Climate
Jot down the weather conditions of the destinations throughout your journey. 3 Apr 4 Apr 5 Apr 6 Apr 7 Apr 8 Apr 9 Apr 10 Apr Temp Weather conditions Location
11 Apr
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 7 Refer to the information below and your experience during the trip, compare the climatic characteristics of Urumqi and Hong Kong.
Urumqi Temperature characteristics
Rainfall characteristics
Hong Kong
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Factors shaping the climate of China 1
Latitude and insolation
• •
•
•
2
Distance from the sea
•
• •
Insolation ( increases / decreases ) with increasing latitudes China has a large latitudinal extent, therefore, the difference between the insolation received in the north and the south is ( large / small ) The north-south variation in temperature is smaller in summer than in winter because: - although the angle of the sun in the north is low, the duration of daylight is ( shorter / longer ) in summer. This compensates for the differences Hong Kong has a much higher mean temperature than Ürümqi and Qingdao. This is because Hong Kong is located at the ( higher / lower ) latitudes Coastal areas usually have a ( more extreme / milder ) climate than the inland because of the different properties of land and sea Land tends to absorb and lose heat more ___________________ than seas and oceans Therefore, ____________________________________ has(ve) hotter summers and colder winters than ________________
• •
•
3
Monsoon system
•
This causes ( large / small ) annual ranges of temperature in inland areas China has a large longitudinal extent. Therefore, the temperature differences between the east and the west are ( great / small ) Hong Kong and Qingdao have ( smaller / larger ) annual ranges of temperatures than Ürümqi, because they are coastal cities, which are regulated by maritime influence Winter monsoons are _________________________; summer monsoons are ____________________
• • •
The ( western / central / eastern ) parts of China are more influenced by the summer monsoons Ürümqi, being deep in the interior of the continent, is out of reach of the wet, onshore summer monsoon Qingdao and Hong Kong are benefited by the wet summer monsoon. This results in high summer rainfall of the two places
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Relief
•
Relief has two major effects on climate: it affects ________________ and ________________ of a place
•
The Qing Zang Gaoyuan in western China has an average height of over ____________ metres. It affects the local climate in two ways:
1a
air temperature ( increases / decreases ) with increasing altitude
1b
1c
therefore, the Qing Zang Gaoyuan region has a ( higher / lower ) air temperature as compared with the Tarim Pendi in the north (average height reaching 1,000 metres) it is said to have ‘four seasons with height’ in the Qing Zang Gaoyuan region, meaning ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________
2
the highland blocks the _________________________ from reaching the interior of China
•
The _____________, on the other hand, is tall enough to become the dividing line between temperate and subtropical zones
•
•
Qingdao and Hong Kong are found in the coastal areas which is relatively more low-lying than Ürümqi (about 800 metres above sea level), therefore, they are less affected by altitude Ürümqi is at the north of the ___________________, which is over 4,000 metres high. The high mountain traps some of the ___________ monsoons and results in very cold winters in Ürümqi. It also acts as rain shadow and discourages the formation of ____________
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Tian Shan Tian Chi
The Tian Shan is a mountain range in central Asia that extends through western China, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. The Tian Shan is 2,800 kilometres long, and up to 7,400 metres high. Throughout the Tian Shan there are several intermontane basins separated by high ranges. Plate tectonic theory makes the assumption that deformation is concentrated along plate boundaries. However, active deformation is observed in the Tian Shan, far from plate boundaries. This contradiction of plate tectonic theory makes the Tian Shan a key place to study the dynamics of intracontinental deformation. The continental-continental collision of the plates uplifted the present-day Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan. Active deformation in the Tian Shan is the result of compressional stresses generated at the Indo-Asia collisional zone, where the Himalayas formed and continue to grow. Active deformation is observed in the Tian Shan, which is within Asia’s continental interior, because Asia is not as internally rigid as the continental crust is expected to be.
Tianchi (Heavenly lake) is located on the halfway up the Peak Bogeda of Mount Tianshan in Fukang city, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture in China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A renowned scenic spot, Tianchi, also called Jasper Lake in the ancient times, was the place where Emperor Zhoumu and the Queen Mother of the West held court feasts, according to "Life story of Emperor Zhou". The highest point of the folded Bogeda Peak, one of the youngest peaks in the world, is 5,445 meters above sea level. It is one of the 10 perilous peaks China has opened up to foreigners. There are 54 modern glaciers on the peak, whose water capacity 1.64 billion cubic meters. They are the main water sources for the Tianchi. With water storage capacity of 160 million cubic meters, the 4.9-spuate-meter Tianchi, 90
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 11 meters deep, extends about 3.3 kilometres from south to north, and one kilometre or so from east to west. The surface of the lake is 1980 meters in average above sea level. The Tianchi is a moraine lake formed more than 2 million years ago when the Quartenary Period glaciers were active. The thawed snow from the mountains gathered in the lake and the green water shimmers in the soft breeze and warm sunshine and now is very clean. Tianchi is embraced by snowy mountains which are covered by towering dragon spruces. Falling from a northeast cliff, Tianchi water forms a waterfall, which through erosion, has created a pool below-called East Little Tianchi. The East Little Tianchi was once very large, but now shrank due to the blocking of the alluvial soil. Tianchi water flows to Sangong River.
Can you draw a series of annotated diagrams to show the formation of Tian Shan Tianchi (Heavenly Lake)?
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Turpan Turpan Depression is located about 150 km southeast of Urumqi. The entire depression is about 50,000 km2. Some geographers name the entire depression Turpan-Hami Basin, and divide it into Turpan Depression to the west, which is about 28,600 km2, and Hami Depression to the east. The Turpan Depression is an interior drainage basin formed in a shear zone during the Late Permian by movement between the East European and the Angaran craton, which is located in the heart of Siberia. It was then deformed by the collision of Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate duringthe Cenozoic. Most of the depression is covered by subangular to subrounded dark quartzite gravels. It is surrounded by the Tian Shan in the west and the Bogda Shan in the northwest. A rainshadow desert is formed in the depression due to the mountain topography. With a lowest elevation of an approximately 154 m below sea level, where the Aydingkol Lake sits, Turpan Depression is considered to be the lowest point in China, and the third lowest land surface on the Earth’s surface, after the Dead Sea Depression, which is about 413 m below sea level, and Lake Assal in the Afar Depression, which is about 155 m below sea level. It has an extremely arid and hot climate in which the evaporation of the area exceeds the annual precipitation. The highest record of the temperature in the depression is ~49 °C (NASA, 2009) Suggest some reasons to explain the high temperature in Flaming Mountain.
Wind flows to the northeast and northwest of the depression. The wind is strong enough to overturn trucks and trains. A strong wind storm with speeds more than 36 m/s carried a large amount of sands that buried the houses in the area about 50 years ago, and another storm destroyed the whole wheat crop in 1961. To avoid such disasters, shield belts have been built to reduce the wind speed over the farm lands (NASA, 2009; Watts, 2008). The Dabancheng Wind Farm, the biggest Wind Farm in Asia with a total capacity of 500 MW from more than 300 turbines, was built between the provincial capital Urumqi and the Turpan Depression because of the good wind condition (Wu, 2010). Some vegetation including reeds, shrubs and weeds exist around the Aydingkol Lake, and the vegetation is absent at the areas away from the sources of water. Water is supplied by Karez Irrigation System, which collects water from the base of the mountains and channels the water to desired destination by wells, dams and underground canals. There are about 1000 Karez Systems in the depression (Zhao, 2006). Spring-fed oases and small lakes exist in the center of the depression.
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Grape Valley in Turpan Grape Valley is at the Northeast of Turpan city of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, some 10 kilometers away from Turpan. It is a gully to the west of the Flaming Mountain. The valley runs 8 kilometers long, spans 0.6-2 kilometers wide. While the west side of the valley sheer cliffs is hanging, a forest of intertwined grape vines is to be found inside the valley. Around the grape gardens towers vibrant poplar trees interspersed with a few flowers. Cottages and adobe houses are elaborately arranged on the slopes. Turpan is nationally known for its grapes and dried raisins. The area began to plant grape as early as the Han Dynasty. Grape Valley is very famous for growing all kinds of fruits like grapes, melons, peach, apricot, pear, etc. And all these fruits are exceptionally a lot sweeter than those produced in other places. The Grape Valley is filled with trellised walkways, that in the peak season of July to August, are covered with bunches of grapes. The valley produces the famous seedless white grape, the manaizi or mares nipple grape, and red and black grapes in the fall. By your observation, what are the favourable physical factors for grape farming in Turpan? Physical inputs Explanations Climate
Soil
Drainage / Water
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Turpan water system It is a vertical tunnel system adapted by the Turpan people. The word “karez” means “well” in the local Uyghur language. In order to get enough water in the area of Turpan for themselves and the caravan traders and others passing through and for agriculture and their cattle, long ago people dug long underground tunnels that brought the flowing water from the mountains to the north. These tunnels have vertical access tunnels that were spaced at intervals that allowed people to bring up water in buckets or to go down into the tunnel for repairs. These access tunnels had mounds around them, and the long lines of mounds stretching into the horizon looked like rows of gigantic ant hills. The system helped to make the Turpan area an oasis stopping place on a Silk Road route. The Turpan Karez Museum is also called the Turpan Water Museum. The museum has pictures and models instructing on the history of the karez system, and there are underground tunnels people can walk around in and see a karez. Turpan lies in the second or third deepest inland depression in the world, and along the northern rim of the depression there is a range with high mountains and snow capped peaks called the Bogda Mountains. There is a lot of water in the mountains, but to bring it down to the basin without the water evaporating and being lost by ground seepage as in surface canals, the locals had to make underground tunnels. The locals took advantage of the big difference of elevation to make sloping underground tunnels to bring water. The diagram below shows how the well systems operate.
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Echoing-‐Sand Mountain There is a legend that says that, in ancient times, a general with many soldiers came here to fight in a war with their enemies. While they were engaged in a fierce battle, a great gust of wind buried all the warriors in the sand and the sand mountain was formed. As the battle was at its height, the soldiers continued to fight beneath the sand. Thus, the sound head is said to be the roar of the soldiers. However, the real cause is the friction and static created as the wind shifts the sand or you slip down the mountainside. Echoing-Sand Mountain, which means "singing sand mountain," though it is not really a mountain, but a giant sand dune. The sand of the mountain has many colors ranging from red to yellow, green, black and white. When a strong wind blows, the fast shifting sand roars. When a light breeze comes, the sand creates gentle, beautiful sounds akin to music. It is the same when tourists are sliding down the mountainside. At first, the sand just whispers; but the sound gradually become louder until it reaches a crescendo like thunder or a drum beat. Some say that the sand is singing, while to others it is like an echo and this is how the mountain gets its name. 5 km from the southern suburb of Dunhuang City, Echoing-Sand Mountain (Mingsha Mountain) begins at the cliff top of Mogao Caves in the east and ends at the Danghe Reservoir in the west, stretching for 40 km. It is 20 km wide from north to south with a height of tens of meters. Actually, the sounds are not made by the sand itself. Scientists have three explanations for the sounds. One is that the sand particles, which contain quartz crystals, rub together when flowing downwards under the force of the wind or human footsteps. This friction produces a static charge, which discharges, creating the sound. The second theory is that the dry sand particles can easily produce a sharp, snapping sound when they rub together, especially in hot weather. These individual snapping sounds together create the thundering echo. The last is that the valleys between the sand mountains are natural echo chambers. The grating and static sound made by the falling sand is amplified creating a huge reverberant sound.
16 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] By your observation during the trip, answer the following questions. 1.
What kind of human activities can you see in Echoing-Sand Mountain?
2.
Do you think the activities in Echoing-Sand Mountain are a sustainable way of using the natural resources at the margin of this desert? Explain your answer.
3.
What environmental hazards will be caused by desertification at the margin of the desert?
4.
Suggest how afforestation might help to reduce the environmental problems.
5.
Are there any measures you can observe at the site to help minimize desertification at the margin of this desert?
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Crescent Lake in Dunguang The lake is crescent-shape located in an oasis, 6 km south of the city of Dunhuang in Gansu Province, China. It was named Yueyaquan in the Qing Dynasty. Mildred Cable & Francesca French visited the lake during their travels in the region and recorded their impressions in their book The Gobi Desert, "All around us we saw tier on tier of lofty sand-hills, giving the lie to our quest, yet when, with a final desperate effort, we hoisted ourselves over the last ridge and looked down on what lay beyond, we saw the lake below, and its beauty was entrancing." According to measurements made in 1960, the average depth of the lake was 4 to 5 meters, with a maximum depth of 7.5 metres (25 ft). In the following 40 years, the depth of the lake continually declined. In the early 1990s, its area had shrunk to only 1.37 acres (5,500 m2) with an average depth of 0.9 meter (maximum 1.3 meter). In 2006, the local government with help of the central government started to fill the lake and restore its depth; its depth and size have been growing yearly since then. The lake and the surrounding deserts are very popular with tourists, who are offered camel and 4x4 rides. Refer to the diagram below, explain how an oasis is formed.
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中史學習資料
一、絲綢之路篇 「絲綢之路」？ 西域與中國的通道以「絲綢之路」最為聞名，亦成為漢以後中國與西域的主要通 道。「絲路」是「絲綢之路」的簡稱。絲綢為中國所獨有，由於絲綢產品極之美麗， 遂成為外國人爭相購買的物品。當時，商人為了生意，不惜冒險橫越歐亞大陸東來販 運絲綢，他們所走的路便稱為「絲綢之路」。「絲綢之路」全長 13,000 公里。 至於絲綢由中國輸出的時間，一般公認是在公元前五世紀，即春秋戰國時。當時 中國的絲綢已越過今日的帕米爾高原，運往今日的印度及伊朗等地，再經敘利亞 人之手，輸入歐洲。
一 ‧ 西方對絲路的看法 （A）西方人眼中的絲路
資料甲 一個古老的故事 有一次，羅馬凱撒大帝穿了一身華麗的長袍到劇場看戲，光耀奪目 的長袍吸引了全場觀眾的目光。戲劇完畢後，達官貴人紛紛四處打聽大 帝那身長袍到底在何處出產。原來那身長袍是用「絲國」的綢緞裁製的 ，於是眾人人紛紛仿傚，這使「絲國」的絲綢價格大大上升，最高價格 是一磅絲值一磅金子，而中國更被羅馬帝國（大秦）稱為「絲國」。 一位古羅馬作家曾寫道：「絲國人製造寶貴的花綢，它的色彩像野 花一樣美麗，它的質料像蛛絲一樣纖細。」
資料丙 波斯與絲綢
資料乙 根據《漢書．大宛傳》 的記載，大宛以西到安 息國，那裏的人都不生 產絲、漆，也不懂得鑄 造鐵器，後來漢的使官 和逃兵教他們鑄造兵器 。
古代中世紀，波斯成為陸路 交通的樞紐和經濟文化交流的中 心，而中國的絲綢、蠶和織絲技 術傳入波斯，再由波斯傳入其他 國家。古代波斯詩人費多西曾在 他詩中盛讚中國的織錦美麗。
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（B）中國與西方 資料丁 張騫出使西域 自商以來，中原地區不斷受北方的遊牧民族侵擾，其中以 匈奴的勢力最盛，邊疆一帶人民常受到匈奴的威脅。 漢武帝時，聽說大月氏與匈奴有宿仇，於是派人出使大月 氏，希望能聯絡大月氏來夾擊匈奴。公元前一三八年，張騫帶 領一百餘人出發聯絡大月氏，可惜在中途被匈奴拘禁了十年， 並在西域娶妻生子，後來乘亂逃脫。但是，當他到達大月氏時 ，大月氏已在阿姆河流域定居，不願與漢室聯合夾擊匈奴。張 騫在大月氏居住了一年多回中原，途中又被匈奴拘禁了一年多 ，後又乘亂逃脫，於公元前一二六年返到長安（今西安）。 這是張騫第一次出使西域，歷時共十三年。雖然此次出使 西域未能完成使命，但卻獲得了西域各地的歷史、政治、經濟 等第一手資料，增加了我們對西域各國【安息（波斯）、條支 （阿拉伯）和黎軒（東羅馬）】的認識。 公元前一一九年，張騫帶領三百人第二次出使西域，目的 是希望能聯絡烏孫來夾擊匈奴，但由於西域各國對漢朝認識不 深，故未能和西域諸國結盟。自此，漢朝和西域各國間開始建 立外交，漢朝聲威遠播，而中國和西方的陸路交通亦由此而展 開。
資料戊 班超通西域 東漢明帝時，派竇固北伐匈奴，趕走了匈奴在車師一帶的勢力 。公元七十三年，竇固派班超出使西域，班超率領三十六人，先後 降服鄯善、于闐和疏勒等國，重振了西漢當年在西域的聲威，西域 諸國紛紛遣使入朝。 班超及其兒子班勇經營了西域三十年，西域五十多國歸附中國 。
20 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 自張騫、班超通西域後，中國絲綢大量向西方推銷。當時最遠 能到達大秦，因此西域便成為絲綢品輸入大秦的主要通道。
資料己 佛教的傳入 有言佛教的傳入是因為漢明帝做了一個夢。 約在公元一世紀左右，漢明帝在睡夢中看見有一個滿身金光的神 在他的房間飛來飛去。醒來後，他便找來大臣為他解夢。 大臣們答道：「聽說印度有個被稱為『佛陀』的人，他會在天空 中飛來飛去……」 於是，漢明帝便派使節往印度尋找這個被稱為「佛陀」的人，最 後，使節帶回許多關於佛教的書籍、塑像和僧人，這便是佛教傳入中 國的傳說。
同學試根據資料甲至己，分析「絲綢之路」出現的政治、經濟及文化原因，並填寫 下表。
政治原因
經濟原因
文化原因
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二 ．「絲綢之路」路線
同學請細閱以下地圖，並完成所附問題。
(1) 「絲綢之路」的起點是在哪裡？ (2) 你認為在交通史上，絲綢之路重要嗎？為什麼？
「絲綢之路」的路線 商人從長安出發，經河西走廊（河西即指黃河以西），經敦煌、 樓蘭、且末、于闐、莎車、再越帕米爾高原（平均都在海拔 4 千公尺 ），到今日的伊朗、敘利亞而從水路到歐洲，稱為南路。 北路則同是從長安出發，經河西走廊（河西即指黃河以西），經 敦煌、樓蘭、焉耆、龜茲、姑墨、溫宿、疏勒、再越帕米爾高原，到今 日的伊朗、敘利亞，再從水路到歐洲。
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「絲綢之路」的中西文化交流概況 絲路開闢以後，中外物產大量交流。中國 輸出了絲綢、鐵器、漆器、鑿井技術等。西方 傳入了汗血馬、駱駝、葡萄、苜蓿、石榴、胡 桃、胡瓜、胡麻、胡樂、胡舞、佛教和藝術 等。
二、唐代佛僧西行篇 一‧引入：誰是唐三藏？ 《西遊記》是家傳戶曉的小說，相信你對這故事一定有認識。 試觀看下圖，然後解答各問題。(參考書目：吳承恩原著，吳慶先編寫，趣味西遊記，山邊出版社有限公司， 1999 年。)
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[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 23 1. 圖中所見的四位人物是誰？ 2. 這個故事描述圖中的四位主角想往哪裏去？他們想幹什麼呢？ 3. 在你的印象中《西遊記》描述的唐三藏有哪些性格特點？
二‧唐三藏的事蹟
唐朝的玄奘法師（又被尊稱為唐三藏） ，是公元七世紀大唐高僧，在公元 629 年（唐貞觀三年）到 645 年（貞觀十九 年）間，為了探求佛教真義，步行 5 萬 多公里，歷盡艱險，遠赴天竺（印度） ；他走遍 138 個國家，把佛教經典帶回 中國譯成中文，促進了佛教在中國的發 展，亦為中外文化交流作出了很大的貢 獻。
現在讓我們一起探索唐三藏西行取經事蹟和他的貢獻。
三‧佛僧西行的動機
閱讀以下資料，然後解答問題。
唐三藏原名陳禕，公元 602 年出生於河南洛陽官宦之家；公元 615 年被隋煬帝挑選入洛陽淨土寺受訓為僧，法號玄奘；公元 618 年（唐高祖武德元年），離開洛陽到四川、湖北、河北遍訪 佛學大師，習各宗經典。公元 627 年（唐太宗貞觀二年）返長安 在大覺寺繼續鑽研佛經，並隨西域來華高僧學曉梵文（印度通行 語言）及西域語言，由於他學識廣博，被譽為「釋門千里之駒」 。
玄奘深入鑽研佛教大乘、小乘教義，發現前人意譯的佛經有很 多混淆不清的疑點，希望效法的法顯和尚，親自到佛教發源地 尋求佛學真諦，從而「廣求異本以參驗之」。
在長安期間，玄奘從印度來華僧人得知印度那爛陀寺有一位戒賢 法師，精通大乘教的瑜伽宗學 ，著有一本《瑜伽師地論》。玄 奘乃「誓遊西方，以問所惑，以釋眾疑」。
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佛陀釋迦牟尼死後，佛教分為小乘和大乘兩派。小乘佛教認為 要學佛陀出家為僧苦修才能成佛。大乘佛教認為佛陀慈悲濟 世，信徒無分僧俗皆可成佛，兩派在教義上有很多爭論。
1. 玄奘為何希望親訪印度？ 2. 玄奘心目中最渴望得到的是什麼經書？它有何重要性？
四‧艱險的旅程
各位同學你們好﹗我是【歷史與文化月刊】的實習記者。 總編輯要求我做一個以〈唐三藏取經〉為主題的專輯。專 輯的內容必須探討指定的題目，並完成一個唐三藏取經路 線圖。為了取得更多的資料，我坐時光機回到唐代訪問了 玄奘大師。 引 言 ： 公 元 629 年 （ 貞 觀三年）8 月，玄奘不顧 朝廷禁令，由長安出發 ，沿著絲綢之路往西天 印 度 取 經 。 公 元 633 年 ，玄奘抵達印度北部。
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記者所繪的玄奘求法取經路線圖 吐魯番
阿克蘇
吉爾斯
哈密 烏 茲
共和國
別
共
和
阿富汗北面
甘肅
克
阿富汗首都
喀什米爾
西藏高原
國
曲女城
佛祖誕生地
大 唐
首 都
長安
旁 遮 普 邦
馬拉圖
那爛陀
天 竺 (印度 )
孟加拉灣
唐玄奘取西經路線現代版
往印度路線
返國路線
唐玄奘西行訪問一 記者：大師，請問你是從哪裏出發到天竺（編者按：即現在的印度）取經的呢？ 玄奘：我是從長安出發的。我由長安步行到邊境瓜州 (編者按：即現在甘肅安西) ，當時應該是貞觀三年（編者按：即公元 629 年 8 月）。那裡的官員告訴我前路 非常危險，他們嘗試說服我不要向前走，希望我會打消西行這個念頭。
往印度
26 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 記者：當時你怎麼辦呢？ 玄 奘 ： 我當然不會輕易放棄。我找到一匹「識途老馬」協助我繼續向前行。我們 穿越了沙漠到達伊吾國（編者按：即現在的新疆哈密），卻不幸遇到風沙迷 途，四夜五日沒有水喝，幾乎連性命也保不住。 記者：路途這麼驚險你還能繼續向前嗎？ 玄 奘 ： 如此困境也能渡過，我更有信心完成整個旅程。第二年，我又遇到了另一 個考驗。我沿著天山山脈火焰山向西行，幾經辛苦，終於到達高昌國（編者 按：即現在的新疆吐魯番）。我受到當地國王的邀請，在那裡講經近一個月 。雖然他待我十分好，且多次把我挽留，但我始終忘不了取經的大業。國王 最後只好送我馬匹、隨從及通行書讓我繼續西行的旅程。 記者：之後你還有沒有遇到更大的險境呢？ 玄奘：離開了高昌國，我們經過屈支國（編者按：即現在新疆吐克蘇），準備用 七日時間攀越二萬呎山峰前往天山北 部。可惜中途遇到雪崩，失去三分之 一的隨從。幸好到最後都能平安到達 素 葉 城 （編者按：即現在吉 爾 斯 共 和 國 ），遇上西 突 厥 的國王葉 護 可 汗。他也想我留下，但最後都尊重我 的決定，為我準備足夠的物資繼續行 程。 記 者 ： 遇到雪崩也能脫險，得到上天的庇 佑，我相信你以後的行程一定非常順 利吧！ 玄 奘 ： 你估錯了！我的難險旅程還未結束 呢！這一年，我還穿過了沼澤地帶到 達塔 什 干 （編者按：即現在烏 茲 別 克 共 和 國 首 都 ）及白骨遍野的沙漠 到達 撒 馬 爾 罕 （編者按：即現在阿富汗北面），途經巴 米 揚 大 佛 （已在
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 27 2001 年被塔利班炸毀）。在前往 迦畢茲（阿富汗首都）的途中不幸遇到土 匪打劫…… 記者：嘩！遇到土匪呀！天災人禍你也遇上了！對了，今次你又如何脫險呢？ 玄 奘 ： 我眼見他們誤入歧途，當然是向他們好言相勸，不要多行不善，要行善積 福。幸而終能勸服他們信佛，否則真是不知怎麼辦了﹗ 記者：大師你真行！土匪也能被你感化，還有甚麼能阻礙你向前行呢？ 玄奘：成功當然不是輕易得到的啦！過了這麼驚險的一年後，在公元 631 年，我 還要攀越三萬呎的興都庫什山脈（Kindu Kush）才能到達 迦濕彌羅 （今喀 什米爾，位於巴基斯坦與印度邊境）。 記者：大師，你往那裡幹什麼呢？ 玄 奘 ： 我在那裡跟隨當地高僧修讀梵文佛經最重要的律 藏 （規條）、論 藏 （哲學 ）及經藏（佛祖講道），得三藏大師榮譽 ( 註：三藏是指「經、律、論」，只有精通五十部經 、律、論，才可獲得「三藏法師」這個最高級的稱號。那爛陀寺有幾千個學生，獲得這個稱號的只有九人。)，並
學習因明學（邏輯）。我足足用了兩年的時間來學習呢！ 記 者 ： 那我應尊稱大師為三藏大師了！能得到這個榮譽實在非常難得，大師可說 為我們中國人增光呢！太高興了，差點忘了問你是如何到達印度的呢？是否 一切順利呢？ 玄奘：在抵達印度前，估不到我再次遇到不能預計的險阻。那年是公元 633 年， 當時我正前往奢羯羅（印度北部旁遮普邦）中途再遇上了謀財害命的盜匪， 幸好今次仍能逢凶化吉，最終平安抵達天竺完成使命。 記者：大師多次遇上天災人禍有什麼感想呢？ 玄奘：哈！哈！「性命既存，餘何所憂」？
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唐玄奘西行的訪問二 記 者 ： 上次由於時間關係未能深入了解玄奘大師的整個行程，今次希望能知多些 玄奘大師到達天竺（編者按：即現在的印度）後的經歷。玄奘大師，請問你 是在什麼時候到達天竺的呢？ 玄奘：我是在公元 634 年的夏天到達天竺，我第一時間到了當地的文化中心株羅 （編 者按：即現在的馬圖拉）。當時是天竺 戒日王（606-647）統治的盛世。我 在那裡用了一年半時間研究大乘佛法及小乘佛法等各派的教義。 記者：除此以外，你還到過天竺什麼地方呢？ 玄 奘 ： 到了天竺的第三年，我乘船沿恆河前往瑜珈宗的聖地憍賞彌。怎料途中遇 到印度教的船匪，被他們挾持作活祭品。 記者：大師，你又再遇到賊匪了！今次你又如何脫險呢？ 玄 奘 ： 這次我不理會他們作的惡事，只誠心誦唸佛。沒多久竟然風雨大作，匪徒 非常驚慌，立即把我釋放了。同年，我再先後遊歷了佛祖出生、修道及涅槃 （圓寂成佛）的地方，考察佛祖生平事蹟。其後，更到達佛教的最高學府那 爛陀寺，並得到 90 歲高齡的戒賢法師收為入室弟子，親自教授瑜伽師地論。 記 者 ： 你豈不是第一個遊印度的中國人？我知道你用了八年的時間研讀各類經文 ，用梵文寫成《會宗論》，詳述大乘佛教要旨；期間還到過印度南北岸，用 印度語講道，聲名可說是傳遍各地。 玄奘：有八年這麼久嗎？從 636 年至 642 年…..是了，想不到轉眼間已過了八年， 時間過得真快呢！ 記者：我想知道大師在天竺時，有沒有什麼難忘的經歷呢？ 玄 奘 ： 我最難忘的是在曲女城出席戒日王親自主持的無遮大會（經義、辯論大會 ）擔任論主。那年應該是 642 年的 12 月。大會連續 18 日，出席的有各派高 僧 6000 人。我所發表的《制惡見論》，駁倒場 所有反對大乘佛教的各種 異見。獲戒日王頒贈最高榮譽。當日我乘坐披錦的大象巡行，受到當地的群 眾歡呼喝采。 記者：真是為我們大唐爭光，我身為中國人也感到很榮幸呢！ 玄 奘 ： 最令我高興的是當日我有幸得到戒日王接見，使我能向天竺介紹大唐文化 ，使他們可以對中國有更深入的了解。我還邀請了戒日王派遣使者訪問我國 的首都長安，希望能彼此交流及學習，建立兩國的友誼。 記者：大師，你可說是大唐的親善大使！
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唐玄奘西行的訪問三 記者： 大師，既然你在印度贏得印度佛教界最高的美譽，為什麼你不留在印度， 而要選擇回國呢？難道你不喜歡那裡嗎？ 玄奘：你是說天竺嗎？ 記者：對！天竺現在已稱為印度了！ 玄 奘 ： 原來如此。我也把天竺稱為印度吧！印度是佛祖出生的地方，我怎會不喜 歡呢？ 不過我到印度的目的是把佛經翻譯，讓大唐子民能更清楚認識佛義。中國離 印度很遠，佛法必要經過很久才能傳到我國。由於地域的阻隔，中國要學到 真正的佛經亦很困難。我此行的目的是為了求取真經，如今心願已成，理應 回去弘揚佛法。 記者：大師，你帶了什麼東西回國呢？ 玄奘：我在公元 643 年帶了 7 尊佛像，657 部梵文佛經及印度的花種返回中國。 沿天山南路，途經敦煌返回長安。我帶回國的佛像成為了中國佛像雕刻的藍本。 記者：你是在什麼時候回到長安的呢？回國後你有沒有完成你的理想？ 玄奘：我用了兩年時間回國。我返抵長安時已是貞觀 19 年了。當時唐太宗派了房 玄齡率領文武百官及長安城各寺院僧人，百姓數萬人沿途焚香肅立迎接。唐 太宗在洛陽接見了我兩次，聽我講述西遊見聞。回國後一年，我撰寫了《大 唐西域記》12 卷，詳述西遊所經地方的風土民情。希望人民能對中國以外 的地方有所認識。 記 者 ： 大師，在二十世紀初，美國及印度的考古學家根據你著作的記載，掘出在 12 世 紀被回教徒破壞消失的那爛陀寺和其他古蹟呢！除此以外，你還做了 什麼呢？ 玄奘：在公元 647 年，我把老子《道德經》譯成梵文，交由大唐使者送往印度戒 日王。由那年起到 664 年，我在長安慈恩寺大觀樓主持譯經，譯出 75 部佛 經共 1300 萬言，深入介紹了佛教經義。 記 者 ： 到了我們的時代，《般若波羅密多心經》仍是廣泛流傳呢！真想不到原來 這篇經文也是由大師所翻譯的。 玄奘：是嗎？經文能流傳這麼久，我也很高 興呢！不知道我所創立的唯識宗，在 後記：公元 664 年，唐玄奘病逝。唐高宗 你們的 時代還存在嗎？我的學生已把 罷朝慨嘆說：「朕失國寶矣。」出殯當日 ，京城五百里內有百多萬人送殯。長安（ 佛學傳至日本及朝鮮了。 今西安）有一座大雁石塔，是公元 652 年 記者：大師，我會為你查探一下！謝謝你接 唐高宗為玄奘修築佛經佛像而建的，至今 受我的訪問。今次能與大師見面， 仍然屹立。 我真是獲益良多呢！
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45 米，高約 5 米的台基上，塔高 7 層，由地 面至塔門頂高 64 米。塔身用磚砌成，十分堅固。塔内有樓梯，可以盤旋而上。 大雁塔在慈恩寺内，而慈恩寺是唐高宗李治當太子時，為紀念他母親 － 文德皇 后而建造的。皇太子以此追念生母的功德，故取名曰「慈恩」。 大雁塔平面呈方形，建在一座方約
五‧對唐三藏的評價
五‧對唐三藏的評價 以下是後人對唐玄奘所作貢獻的評價，根據在本專題所學，並參考以下網址加以印 證。 評價
印証
1. 中印文化交流大使
（例）：把《道德經》及唐代文化介紹
給印度
2. 超級探險家
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 31 3. 語言及翻譯大師
4. 偉大外交家
5. 佛學宗師 6. 品德楷模
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三、敦煌壁畫篇 第 130 窟 都督夫人禮佛圖 侍婢
第 254 窟 掌秤人
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第 159 窟 吐蕃贊普禮佛圖
第 231 窟 吐蕃贊普禮佛圖 侍衛
34 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 第 329 窟 女供養人
第 445 窟 彌勒經變中的宮女
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第 156 窟 抱奩婢女
第 130 窟 侍女
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第 9 窟 天女
吐峪溝出土絹畫 侍女
第 98 窟 手戴戒指的于闐國王
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 37 第 217 窟 法華經變 齋僧拜塔
第 360 窟 維摩詰經變 方便品
第 159 窟 龕內齋僧食品
38 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 第 296 窟 善事太子入海品 宰牛
第 85 窟 楞伽經變 肉肆圖
第 159 窟 維摩詰經變 擠奶圖
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第 61 窟 五台山圖 踏碓
第 217 窟 西域城堡
40 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 第 323 窟 漢長安城
第 85 窟 宅院
第 445 窟 心形院落
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 41 第 55 窟 茅舍
第 33 窟 婚禮圖
第 23 窟 法華經變 屏風
42 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 第 61 窟 五台山圖 草庵
第 61 窟 五台山圖 草庵
第 296 窟 福田經變 絲路商旅
[THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015] 43 第 419 窟 須達拿本生
第 290 窟 蹲厠
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第 302 窟 福田經變 浴池
第 302 窟 福田經變 建房、伐木
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榆林窟第 25 窟 彌勒經變 老人入墓
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第 454 窟 佛傳 建房
第 454 窟 羅摩詰經變 弈棋
第 95 窟 羅漢
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第 296 窟
第 45 窟 觀音普門品 胡商遇盜
第 45 窟 觀音普門品 胡商遇盜（放大）
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第 61 窟 五台山圖 虹橋
第 257 窟 馬車
第 296 窟 駱駝車
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第 62 窟 牛車 第 156 窟 嬰兒車
第 296 窟 小舟
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第 323 窟 帆船
第 323 窟 縴夫拉船
第 108 窟 虎頭雙尾樓帆船
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52 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015]
團友需知 (一) 參加者攜帶物品 1. 背囊或旅行袋:應儘量輕便,在出發時寫上姓名,以便識別。手提行李不可過大,亦不能藏有小 刀之類的利器。 2. 衣物:烏魯木齊及西安屬溫帶地區,平均溫度約20-30∘C,除更替衣物外,更需要帶雨具。 3. 筆、記事簿、硬皮file, 照相機、記憶卡、小型電筒、輕便背包、水壺。 4. 核對Check-list攜帶物品。 (二) 檢查自己的證件是否仍然有效。請帶備有效之身份證及回鄕証正本副本各一,並緊記檢查清楚所 有證件有否過期。 (三) 於出發前,學生需自行購買旅遊保險。 (四)根據自己的健康狀況,帶上所需要的常備藥品,如消炎、止痛、暈浪、清熱解毒、止痾藥等藥物。 (五) 告訴家人有關活動的安排及緊急聯絡電話。 (六) 帶備足夠的人民幣 。 (七) 請勿攜帶打稅物品,行李以合理數量及不阻礙全團過關進度爲原則。 (八) 帶備團刊及有關資料。 (九) 手提行李中不可攜有超過100mL的液體。 (十) 建議物品列表,已帶請 tick。 ☐ 手提電話 ☐ 充電器+充電池 ☐ 電話卡 ☐ 風褸 ☐ 文具(原子筆+Sign pen) ☐ 輕便衣服(如:T恤) ☐ 紙張/筆記簿 ☐ 內衣褲 ☐ booklet ☐ 長褲(鬆身褲) ☐ 身份証 ☐ 拖鞋 ☐ 銀包/証件袋 ☐ 輕便波鞋或行山鞋 ☐ 手錶+鬧鐘 ☐ 襪子 ☐ 個人藥物(傷風感冒藥) ☐ 口罩 ☐ 夏桑菊/以羅果子鹽/川貝枇杷露(可 ☐ 消毒藥水 清熱氣) ☐ 消毒濕紙巾 ☐ 喉糖 ☐ 紙手巾 ☐ 現金+零錢 ☐ 牙刷 ☐ 有用電話號碼 ☐ 牙膏 ☐ 手提包(for hand carry) ☐ 牙線 ☐ 旅行針線包(只可寄倉) ☐ 漱口水 ☐ 指甲鉗(只可寄倉) ☐ 梳 ☐ 少量洗衣粉 ☐ 洗頭水+護髮素 ☐ 剪刀/cutter (只可寄倉) ☐ 沐浴露 ☐ 眼鏡布(可抹眼鏡/相機) ☐ 浴巾 ☐ 即食麵/餅乾/小食/乾糧 ☐ 手帕 ☐ 手電筒 ☐ 洗面膏 ☐ 水樽 ☐ 個人護膚用品 ☐ 乾淨膠袋(用作盛載用過衣物) ☐ 多用途藥膏(凡士林/俄羅納英) ☐ 望遠鏡 ☐ 防蚊用品 ☐ 雨傘/raincoat ☐ 鬚刨+剃鬚膏 (男生) ☐ 潤膚膏 ☐ 相機 ☐ 八達通 ☐ Memory sticks ／SD card ☐ 有效回鄉証 ☐ AA/AAA電池 ☐ 計算機
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參加者須知 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12.
參加者是代表所屬學校,故各人必須做好學生本份,注意言行及態度。 參加者應聽從領隊老師的指導,不可有任何違規行爲。 同學參加本團,要尊重集體,尊重別人,不可擅自單獨行動,宜學習與人相處之道。 遊學團活動內容豐富,行程安排緊密,同學要遵守紀律,不論是集體活動或自由活動,都須 準時集合。大家要有團體精神,保持合作。 遊學團行程內之活動,參加者須積極參與,不能藉辭缺席,更不可擅自離團或外出。 確保人身安全,入住培訓樓或酒店時應瞭解緊急疏散途徑,遇有意外時,要保持鎮定。個 人財物要妥善保管,貴重物品要隨身攜帶。 外出活動時,無論在旅遊地點、車上或路上,同學必須自重檢點,注意言行, 切勿騷擾別人 。 遊學團活動期間,同學不可飲用含有酒精成份的飲品。 遊學團活動期間,如遇上問題,須主動向領隊老師諮詢,切勿坐視致使問題惡化;如遇意外, 應即時向領隊老師或團長報告。 學生在乘坐旅遊車時,應遵守下列各點: 1. 在乘車途中必須注意安全,不得隨意走動或玩 耍; 2. 沿途不得大聲呼叫;3. 任何時候不可將身體的任何部分伸出窗外;4. 上落汽車時, 應等待車輛完全停定。 本遊學團是以學習爲主,並非一般旅行團,應儘量把握機會學習。 請尊重領隊/導遊,在講者講解行程/觀光點時,請留心聽講,抱良好的學習態度。
蒙古包分房名單 (六至八人一房) CHEUNG HO CHING CHEUNG TSZ KIT CHUNG HANG KO TIN LONG LAM YIN SING TSANG KA HEI
LAM HAU WONG CHEUNG TAI HONG CHIANG CHEUK HANG IP TSZ HO MAN KA CHUN YIP CHUN WAI
TONG YAT HIN CHU YUI MING HUI HON LAM MR. P. LUI SO TSZ KIN YEUNG HOI HO
MR. D. LEE SHEK KING YAT HO KWONG WAI LIANG XIAO HAO KWOK TSZ WAI DEREK LEE LOK TIN HUNG KAI YIN PO YAN TO CHENG YUK PUI LAU TSZ TING LEE KAR CHUNG LO CHEUK YING LAM WAI YAN LAM CHUNG WING TSE TIN OI CHIO NGA TING
CHAN SZE KEI CHUNG HOI WAH LI SIN TUNG ZHENG QIAN LIN CHIU SIN YI TSO KA YEE CHUNG UEN YUI MS. KWOK
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酒店分房名單 (二人一房) 姓名
姓別
班別
房間號碼 烏魯⽊木齊 百花村⼤大酒店 3/4
⾼高天朗 曾嘉熙 張皓程 張梓杰 李樂天 洪啟賢 林彥成 鍾恒 傅恩濤 蔣卓衡 林孝泓 張泰匡 鍾凱華 鍾宛叡 劉芷婷 鄭鈺珮 ⽂文家俊 葉⼦子豪 葉俊煒 Mr. P. Lui 朱睿明 許漢霖 楊鎧浩 唐逸顯 盧卓瑩 謝天愛 林聰穎 林慧欣 李家頌 趙雅婷 ⽯石景逸 Mr. D. Lee 何光偉 蘇⼦子健 曹嘉儀 章倩琳 梁曉皓 郭旨維 趙善儀 李倩童 陳思杞 Ms. Kwok
M M
4A 4C
M M
4A 4B
M M
4C 4E
M M
4C 4C
M M
4D 4E
M M
4D 4E
F F
4E 5D
F F
4E 4E
M M
4E 4E
M M
4E
M M
5A 5C
M M
5A 5D
F F
5A 5C
F F
5B 5B
F F
5C 5C
M M
5C
M M
5D 5D
F F
5D 5D
M M
5C 5C
F F
5D 5D
F F
4E
吐魯番 坎兒井賓館 5/4
敦煌 廣元⼤大酒店 7/4
嘉峪關 王朝酒店 8/4
西安 之茂酒店 10/4
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分組名單
Supervisor: Mr. P. Lui 組長: 5D 唐逸顯 組員: 4A 張皓程, 4A ⾼高天朗(救傷), 4B 張梓杰, 4C 曾嘉熙(攝影), 4E 葉⼦子豪(翻譯), 4E ⽂文家俊(翻譯), 4E 葉俊煒, 5A 楊鎧浩 (總編輯-地理), 5A 朱睿明 (總務), 5D 鍾宛叡, 5D 李倩童(編輯), 5D 趙善儀(採訪).
Supervisor: Mr. D. Lee 組長: 5C ⽯石景逸 (救傷) 組員: 4D 陳思杞, 4D 傅恩濤 (攝影), 4D 林孝泓(翻譯), 4E 蔣卓衡(翻譯), 4E 張泰匡, 5C 謝天愛(採訪), 5C 郭旨維, 5C 梁曉皓(團長/編輯), 5D 曹嘉儀(總編輯-中史), 5D 蘇⼦子健(攝影), 5D 何光偉, 5D 章倩琳(翻譯).
Supervisor: Ms Kwok 組長: 4E 鄭鈺珮 組員: 4C 李樂天, 4C 鍾恒(攝影), 4C 林彥成, 4E 鍾凱華, 4E 洪啟賢(編輯), 4E 劉芷婷(美術) 5B 林聰穎(翻譯), 5B 林慧欣(採訪), 5A 盧卓瑩(翻譯), 5C 李家頌 (團長), 5C 許漢霖(總務), 5C 趙雅婷(攝錄).
56 [THE SILK ROAD TRIP 2015]
Publication of magazine Guidelines 1.
Each group should be responsible for an enquiry study on one of the following topics: Issues Related subjects Key enquiry questions Desertification Geography - evidence of desertification in northwest China - role of human activities in causing desertification in northwest China - remedial measures to alleviate the ngative impacts of desertification and their effectiveness Grape farming Geography - types of farming activities found in northwest China and their characteristics - descriptions of physical and human inputs - importance of karez drainage system to farming activities - farming constraints and measures to alleviate the constraints Physical features Geography - identify some geographical / topographic features found during the trip, e.g. oasis, old fold mountain, sand dunes, - describe their characteristics and explain their formation - discuss the importance of these features to development of tourism 中外交通 中史 - 絲綢之路為漢唐以來中西交通要道的原 因。 - 張騫出使西域之經過及其在中西交通史上 之地位。 - 玄奘印度取經之經過及此行對中西文化交 流之影響 社會文化 中史 - 莫高窟壁畫中的古代社會民生。 - 秦兵馬俑出土文物反映的秦代武器裝備。 - 漢陽陵出土文物反映的漢代百姓生活情 況。 2.
The enquiry study should contain primary source of data such as observation during the field trip, information collected from interviews, visits or group discussion. The enquiry report should contain at least 500 words, written in English for geography topics and in Chinese for Chinese History topics.
3.
Other than the enquiry report, you should also submit an individual reflective statement with at least 200 words (either Chinese or English) on the last day of the trip, i.e. 11 April 2015.
4.
Submit your thematic report before summer vacation, i.e. 10 July 2015. Send your work to your supervisor.
5.
You are highly encouraged to use graphs, sketch maps and diagrams to present your information.
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