Make it right project
Keywords: Sustainability evaluation , Hazard vulnerable , New orleans , Social resiliency, Social vulnerability,Sustainibility
Social resiliency in sustainable development
In striving to provide sustainability in the contexts alternated and threatened by natural and technological hazards, many researchers have recently incorporated new paradigms into their studies; paradigms that focus the attention on community sustainability and social resilience to disasters. This is while; many of recently designed and implemented projects the prevalent green environmental strategies disregarding the critical needs of the social infrastructure in these specific contexts. On the other hand, prevalent sustainability assessment methods are often too rigid, limited or not flexible enough to trace the social resiliency patterns in any project .Can these methods adapt themselves to the recent paradigm and how is the main question that this paper tries to challenge. It kicks of by developing a common vocabulary for Social resiliency paradigm and further employs it as a lens to see through a project in New orleans context employing two diffrent evaluation methods.
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010 Page
Sustainability in Hazard volunarable contexts Increasing population growth in areas susceptible to experiencing natural hazard (e.g., earthquake, tsunami) consequences and growing vulnerability from climate-related (e.g., storm, wildfire) hazards has increased the risk faced by many contemporary communities. Recognition that these hazards are a natural part of the environment whose occurrence cannot be stopped means that one dimension of a sustainable society is the capacity of it and its citizens to co-exist with hazards. In new Orleans context with its highly segregated and classified social structure, an important aspect of this sustainability involves developing the potential of people to be resilient and able to adapt to hazard consequences. In order to build up the frame work for this argument we launch with rendering the key principles of social resiliency through cross referencing to the scholars. Rhteorics of Soical resiliency
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Hazard investigators have not ignored the long-term human role. inquiry into the human adjustments to floods and Haas et al. (1977) examination of recovery draw on historical records of human responses to hazard events. The socialconstruction of disaster perspective considers long-term processes and acknowledges that human changes to the landscape contribute to calamities (Mileti 1999). Consequences of hazards events are not experienced equally by all and a variety of social factors contribute to both vulnerability and resiliency (Cutter et al. 2000; Wisner et al. 2004; Pelling 2003;Enfield 2004a, b). Humans and their organizations and networks play a prominent role in the outcome of hazard events and community resiliency. The most conspicuous difference between nonhuman and coupled human–environment systems is the ability of humans to learn from extreme events and institute individual and institutional adjustments (Colten2005). Learning and adapting deliberate strategies occur through social organizations and processes and unfold over a period of time.Memory in social resilience discourse argues that more substantive and deliberate accounting of both past events and the human dimension in them must be factored into effective hazards research for greater community resilience(colten2008). Later on ,This paper will propose a project as a case study inorder to evaluate sustainibility in social resiliency perspective ,Needless to say ,other aspects of the project needs to be assessed to aquire a final evaluation for sustainability.
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Memory and social resiliency
Make it right project
Social Resiliency in general Refers to the ability of a nation-state to preserve the cohesion of its society when it is confronted by external and internal stresses . But if we narrow down our scope to environmental change issue the key concept in resilience would be the ability of human societies to learn from hazard events and use their accumulated social memory to better contend with future catastrophes. (Craig E. Colten Æ Amy R. Sumpter ,2008) Needless to say ,the issue of Social resiliency directly addresses the social infrastructure and considers the unity and cohesion of that as a key principle for resiliency. Colten defines Social cohesion as solidarity or ability to mobilize social assets for the benefit of all.(Colten2005).Since human activities dominate social-ecological system, The cohesion and eventually the resilience of these systems is mainly a function of ‘Social infrastructure’ which has divided into two dimensions. 1. The actions (intentional or unintentional) of individuals and groups affect the system 2. Their collective capacity to manage resilience, intentionally, affects whether they prevent the system crossing into an undesirable system regime, or succeed in moving into a desirable one.On the opposite side of resiliency On the opposite side of resiliency lays the notion of vulnerability .In resilience community (Resilience Alliance) vulnerability arises from the loss of resilience. Determining levels of resilience is less a specific methodology, although cyclical behaviour of a system and the positive and negative feedbacks are common elements. While resilience emphasizes the system, vulnerability often looks at individual actors and vulnerable populations.Social resilience has economic, spatial and social dimensions and hence its observation and appraisal require interdisciplinary understanding and analysis at various scales. Reasons for vulnerability can be “rooted” in society and the history and may not be apparent in everyday life (wisner,et al..,2004). Resilience embraces two elements central to the pursuit of sustainable development, namely Mitigation or anticipation and adaptation.
Social resiliency in sustainable development
INTRODUCTION
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FIg 1 . A segment of a social network [Source : Wikpedia .Com]
Anticipation Collective Social Resiliency
Top-Down Policies
Structural Corruption
Memory
Discrimination
Structural Violence
Social Cohesion
Make it right project
Technical trust Social Vulnerability
Marginalization
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Individual Social Infrastructure
Social Awareness
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Page
pans
Allow surfaces expansion & flexibility Pollute inside air
CouldTHE not beCONTEXT recycled _9th ward
ze regenerator paradigm
Built with recycled materials Could be recycled symbolize regenerator paradigm
Location
Contribute urban structuring ot favor urban 9th structuring Ward is a distinctive region of New Orleans, Louisiana that is to located in the easternmost downriver portion of
the city.spaces It is geographically the largest of the 17 Wards of New Orleans. or quality of public Good quality public spaces
On the south the Ninth Ward is bounded by the Mississippi River. On the western or “up river” side, the Ninth Ward is bounded by (going from the Mississippi River north to Lake Pontchartrain) Franklin Avenue, then Almonaster Avenue, then People’s Avenue. From the north end of People’s Avenue the boundary continues on a straight line north to Lake Pontchartrain; this line is the boundary between the Ninth and the city’s Eighth Ward. Lake Pontchartrain forms thestockholders north and north-eastern end of the ward. Saint Bernard Parish is the boundary to the southeast, Lake Borgne grate all the Integrate all the stockholders further southeast and east, and the end of Orleans Parish to the east at The Rigolets. consider global long-term vision
grate 3 dimensions of SD
integrate 3 dimensions of SD
The nith Ward and Katrina
Background and Demograpics
FIg 1 . Locating the ninth ward [Sources :Author]
The following charts and notes try to briefly illustrate the historic background and current demographic conditions ,in order to accentuate the criticallity of social studies on this specefic context.On the other hand it will assisst us further to anaylize the project form this perspective.
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Marginalization Since the beginning of the city’s history, poor and working class black New Orleanians have been forced to live in ecologically and economically marginal land. In these areas, property values remained low, schools were segregated and then abandoned by the majority of white citizens, and job opportunities remained limited. In the last decades of the 20th century, Louisiana had the highest per capita incarceration rate in the nation and was continually listed among the states with the highest rankings in measurements of poverty, unemployment, crime, and diabetes. It also ranks among the lowest in literacy, insurance coverage, and public funding of the arts and education. The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina can be viewed as part of a much larger pattern of structural violence affecting lower income residents of the majority black city, a disaster of longue duree. [Fig2]
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Racial & ethnic diversity LowerNinth Ward Orleans Parish Louisiana United States Black or African American 98.3% 66.6% 32.3% 12.1% White 0.5% 26.6% 62.6% 69.2% Asian 0.0% 2.3% 12% 3.6% American Indian 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% 0.7% Other 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 2 race categories 0.6% 1.0% 0.9% 1.6% Hispanic (any race) 0.5% 3.1% 2.4% 12.5%
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
9th he Lower Ninth Ward flooded most catastrophically, with storm surge coming through two large breaches in the Industrial Canal flood protection system, creating violent currents that not only flooded buildings, but smashed them and displaced them from their foundations. Floodwaters propelled the barge ING 4727 into the neighborhood on the -75 from -100 the -50 Industrial 0 125 500 405 900 minimum -4000 maximum 4000 other side of the -0levee Canal.[Fig1] The Lower 9th Ward, not yet dry from Katrina, was re-flooded 1900 by Hurricane Rita a month later. The 9th Ward neighborhood was thrust into the nation’s spotlight during Hurricane Katrina. There were multiple severe levee breaks along both the MRGO and the Industrial Canal. In fact ,much of the 9th Ward on both sides of the Industrial Canal experienced catastrophic flooding in Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The majority of the damage was caused by storm surge.
Make it right project
g global long-term vision
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Built with new materials
Clean up inside air
LowerNinth Ward
Orleans Parish
The evaluated population 13,939 People living in poverty 36.4% People living at or above poverty 63.6%
Louisiana
United States
468,453 27.9% 72.1%
4,334,094 273,882,232 19.6% 12.4% 80.4% 87.6%
Income distribution (2000) Total households
4,824
188,365
1,657,107 105,539,122
Less than $10,000 $10,000-14,999 $15,000-19,999 $20,000-24,999 $25,000-29,999 $30,000-34,999 $35,000-39,999 $40,000-44,999 $45,000-49,999 $50,000-59,999 $60,000-74,999 $75,000-99,999 $100,000-124,999 $125,000-149,999 $150,000-199,999 $200,000 or more
25.0% 14.5% 10.9% 9.5% 9.4% 5.3% 5.7% 4.2% 3.0% 6.0% 3.2% 1.7% 0.9% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4%
21.0% 9.6% 8.3% 7.5% 7.2% 6.3% 5.4% 4.6% 4.0% 6.1% 6.5% 5.7% 2.8% 1.4% 1.4% 2.2%
15.7% 8.6% 7.6% 7.4% 7.0% 6.5% 5.9% 5.3% 4.5% 7.9% 8.6% 7.6% 3.4% 1.4% 1.2% 1.4%
Make it right project
9.5% 6.3% 6.3% 6.6% 6.4% 6.4% 5.9% 5.7% 5.0% 9.0% 10.4% 10.2% 5.2% 2.5% 2.2% 2.4%
Housing affordability by income level (2000) Total number
1,763
62,710
350,885
25,014,017
Making less than $10,000 Making $10,000-19,999 Making $20,000-34,999 Making $35,000-49,999 Making $50,000-74,999 Making over $75,000
49.2% 33.3% 14.1% 2.6% 0.8% 0.0%
40.5% 33.0% 18.2% 5.0% 2.2% 1.1%
40.2% 32.1% 18.4% 5.5% 2.8% 1.0%
24.1% 27.9% 24.9% 11.3% 8.0% 3.8%
LowerNinth Ward
Orleans Parish
Louisiana
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
U.S.A top down Construction policies The contemporary city arguably bears the markings of prototypical U.S. urban policy as well (Eckstein 2006). Urban renewal and slum clearance, discriminatory homeownership programs and segregated public housing, suburbanization and gentrification, along with the rise of gated communities,have all fractured, bulldozed, or reconfigured elements of the 19th-century city that had more in common with the Caribbean archipelago than the U.S. South (Eckstein and Throgmorton; Gottdiener 1985). After the storm, these histories of restructuring remain strangely absent in the rebuilding discussions hosted by city and state planning commissions. Nonetheless, they are an important part of the collective memory and discourse of displaced residents, who recall how these top-down policies disproportionately impact black and low-income communities. Public skepticism over current debates about reducing the urban footprint, reintroducing wetlands into the city in the form of new urban parks, or building mixedincome housing in low-income neighborhoods is informed by a mindfulness of long histories of urban renewal and interstate highway and park construction, which caused their own form of devastation in mostly black residential neighborhoods.
United States
5,601
215,091
1,847,18 1 115,904,641
Occupied housing units Vacant housing units
86.1% 13.9%
87.5% 12.5%
89.7% 10.3%
91.0% 9.0%
Renters and owners (2000) Total occupied housing units
4,820
188,251
1,656,053
105,480,101
Owner occupied Renter occupied
59.0% 41.0%
46.5% 53.5%
67.9% 32.1%
66.2% 33.8%
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Occupancy status (2000) Total housing units
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Poverty
Page
Make it right project
Ninth Ward Ninth Ward
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Ninth Ward
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
It will probably be asked, Why not retain and incorporate the blacks into the state...? Deep rooted prejudices entertained by the whites; ten thousand recollections, by the blacks, of the injuries they have sustained; new provocations...will divide us into parties, and produce convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of the one or the other race. - Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Ninth Ward
Fig 2. Demographics topography . Source[Author]
Page
Critical CriticalReview Reviewof ofSustainable SustainableDevelopment DevelopmentPolicies Policiesand andPlanning Planning
Shaming of America Source :Economist 2005)
SSocial ocialresiliency resiliencyin insustainable sustainabledevelopment development Make Makeititright rightproject project
Faith Figueroa, a one-year-old black Faith Figueroa, a one-year-old black child from the child from the Lower NinthWard ,News Lower NinthWard ,News Week (2005). Week 2005
Payam PayamTabrizian Tabrizian Spring Spring2010 2010
Page Page
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Pink Project 2008
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Make it right project .
Make it right project
In 2007, frustrated by the slow pace of rebuilding in the Lower Ninth, Brad Pitt set up a foundation called Make It Right; The organization plans to build 150 homes, all for returning Lower Ninth residents. The visuals of the final project must attract the still and moving images of the media. The project is a series of boxes and roofs scattered over the demolished residential landscape. The scattered symbolize the anarchy and destruction after the flood. Each time a $150,000 donation is received, a roof is placed on a box that is squared to the street. At the end, a second media opportunity should emerge of an orderly future neighborhood illustrated in pink. As on December 20, 2007, funds have been donated for 42 houses. So far, just 15 of them are occupied, but those 15 make a big impression. The houses themselves has been designed by 13 different architects from all over the world The architects were each asked to design a 1,200-square-foot house for about $150,000, with Make It Right to help with the financing. The houses had to be built five to eight feet off the ground, with a front porch and three bedrooms.. Each plot had a different design and colour . The contrasting colors Idea has been used in many ways by different architects but this time the scatterd arrangement of the houses and the contrast with the colours is used to provide a sense of social awareness and stimulating the emotion. In November, with a grant from the Kellogg Corporate Citizenship Fund and equipment donated by Kompan, Make It Right unveiled a solar powered, eco-friendly digital playground designed to encourage the positive physical, mental and social development of neighborhood children. And in December, Make It Right conducted its first Green Seminar designed to educate Make It Right homeowners about the operation and maintenance of solar panels and the energy and water conservation features of their homes.Rather than strategic employment ‘place making ,The project is a collection of ‘Green ‘ and ‘envrionmental friendly ‘ interventions to back up its sustainability .
Social resiliency in sustainable development
PROJECT_MAKE IT RIGHT
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The exterior Features
•Tankless Waterheaters – heat water instantaneously while at the same time being 83 to 93 percent more energy efficient. These types of
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010 Page
water heaters can reduce annual water heating cost by 50 percent. •Energy Star Rated Appliances & Light Fixtures – All appliances and light fixtures in the Make It Right homes use 30 percent less energy than conventional appliances and fixtures. •Spray Foam Insulation – All Make It Right homes are insulated using close cell spray foam. The insulation is used on the underside of the roof, walls and floor to assure that the house envelope is properly sealed. •Low E Windows & Doors provide proper Solar Heat Gain Coefficient helping to keep the home cool during the summer months as well as Low U-Factor that help keep the home warm during the winter. •Low Flow Plumbing fixtures – The faucets and showerheads in Make It Right homes reduces water flow while maintaining the water pressure and “feel” of a typical shower. Low-flow aerator showerheads and faucets can reduce water consumption and energy cost of heating water by up to 50%. •Dual Flush Toilets – The dual-flush design gives users the option to use less water to flush liquid waste than solid waste and can reduce water usage up to 67 percent. •Mold Resistant Drywall - Gold Bond® BRAND XP® Gypsum Board with Sporgard™* was developed as an improved moisture resistant board offering the same advantages of a traditional moisture resistant board, with added mold resistance in the core and paper. •Benjamin Moore ZERO-VOC Paint – Benjamin Moore Natura and Aura paints have zero VOCs and helps create better air quality by limiting this off-gassing and providing better air quality. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) produce a gas that is harmful to human health. VOCs are found in many traditional paints and finishes. Such paints “off-gas” vapors that mix with the air you breathe. •Sustainable Cabinets with No Added Formaldehyde – Our cabinets are made from wood that is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. FSC certified wood is harvested in a sustainable way which encourages responsible management of our world’s forests. •Shaw Green Edge Carpet is a Cradle to Cradle Certified products that uses safer materials and dyes. This carpet contains recycled content and can also be recycled into new carpet when it is removed from the home. •Uponor Fire Safety System features Uponor AquaPEX® crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing, a flexible, durable, potable plumbing pipe that has been used in residential and commercial construction for more than 20 years. Fire sprinklers activate in the presence of extreme heat and only the sprinkler nearest the fire will activate. Another benefit is the fact that our homeowners will save more on their homeowners insurance because of the fire sprinkler system installation. Key benefits of PEX Plumbing are: • Corrosion resistant • Free of metal contaminants • Resists pitting and scale buildup • Dampens rushing water noise • Eliminates water hammer and singing pipes • Retains heat in hot-water lines • Resists condensation on cold-water lines
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Interior Features
Make it right project
•Metal Roofs – Make It Right uses 26 gauge metal roofs that absorb less heat and reduce the need to cool a home by 20 to 70 percent. Metal roofs are durable, long lasting and require minimal maintenance. Metal is also an excellent surface from which to capture rainwater. •Solar Power – Photovoltaic panels on the roof use light from the sun’s rays to generate electricity. Using photovoltaic as a source of electricity saves money and decreases dependence on conventional fossil fuels. Each Make It Right house is equipped with a system that generates 2.7 to 3.0 KW of energy. The systems over produces energy which is then introduced to the Entergy grid allowing our homeowners to gain credits that reduce their monthly energy bill. •Roof Hatches – All homes have a safe way to access a secure area of the roof. •Elevation – Make It Right elevates house up to 5 or 8 feet depending on the homeowner. This is done to assure the homes will be out of the sustained flood levels. This exceeds FEMA requirements while creating a parking area underneath the home at the 8 foot elevation. •Storm Fabric - Hurricane Fabric, made from Kevlar that is also used in bullet-proof vests, is fitted to all Make It Right windows and eliminates the lengthy and cumbersome process of boarding up windows with plywood. •Advanced framing techniques and specially engineered wall sections are used to increase the durability of homes, allowing them to withstand winds of at least 130mph. •Green Guard Rain Drop Building Wrap – RainDrops’ innovative drainage channels keeps water out of the wall system. The channels will not crimp, collapse or flatten, ensuring water will drain no matter how tightly cladding is nailed to the wall. Because it is not perforated, RainDrop resists air and water infiltration plus it breathes to allow moisture vapor to escape and present rotting and mold growth. RainDrop is an ideal secondary weather barrier for fiber cement, vinyl, foam-backed vinyl and wood siding. •Fiber Cement Board Siding – Make It Right uses James Hardie Fiber Cement Board siding. This siding is design to last 50 years against cracking, rotting, hail damage, termites and many other possible problems. The reason we use fiber cement board siding is to help reduces maintenance worries of our homeowners. •Bluwood technology :Bluwood is a line of structural framing components treated with a two-part system designed to safeguard homes against the elements. BluWood is environmentally friendly and a smart building choice in the Gulf South region. Bluwood is a revolutionary •TimberSil – All exterior porches and stairs are built from TimberSil treated wood. TimberSil is a non-toxic glasswood fusion which helps prevent, rot, mold and termites. TimberSil wood also has a class A fire rating and is 50% stronger than non TimberSil treated wood. Landscaping – Make It Right’s Landscape Architects design strategies that reduces the need for irrigation, requires minimal maintenance and handles droughts or temporary inundation. They do this by introducing native plants, rain gardens and green roofs. •Rainwater Harvesting – Each Make It Right House comes equipped with two cisterns that collects 600 gallons of water from the roof. Homeowners can later use this water to wash their cars and water their plants. Capturing and reusing rainwater from the roof is an economically efficient practice. One of its benefits is that it reduces stormwater runoff which can erode topsoil, spread contaminants and overwhelm the city’s storm water management system during heavy rains. Pervious concrete sidewalks and driveways allow the stormwater to drain freely through the pavement and to be stored in the substructure. This approach to stormwater helps combat localizes flooding.
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Inorder to evaluate the project the human and environment green technologis are listed below:
Regenerator building Purify water
METHODOLOGY 1_ SBSE - US (Society of Building Science Indicators) Pollute thewater air Waste rain water Do notPollute produce food Waste rain water Site
Do not produce food Destroy natural ecosystem favor mineral covers
Site
Destroy natural ecosystem Favor streaming favor mineral covers Require energy Limit the streaming accessibility Favor Require motorized Requiretransport energy
Purify the airwater Stock rain Purify Foodwater producer Stock rain its water Recycle own waste Food producer Favor natural ecosystem Recycle its own waste & favor greenery Favor natural ecosystem Produce energy
& favor greenery
Favor accessibility Produce energy
Limit theleaccessibility exacerbate microclimate
Favor accessibility Improve micro-climate Use passive heater/cooler Well insulated Improve micro-climate Self-maintenance Use passivecomfort heater/cooler Produce
Not insulated exacerbate le microclimate Require maintenance Use mechanic /cooler Lead toheater lack of comfort
2.3 Community participation
Well insulated Favor pedestrian walking Self-maintenance Concern for users’safety
Not insulated
Require maintenance Neglect users’safety Lead to lack of comfort
Project
Limit social mixing
Produce comfort Favor pedestrian walking Concern Includefor theusers’safety illegal Favor social mixing
Neglect informal sector Exclude the illegal
Consider informal sector Include the illegal
Project
Limit possibility of expans Limit social mixing Neglect informal sectorair Pollute inside
Favor social mixing Allow surfaces expansion & flexibility Consider informal sector Clean up inside air
Process
Built with new materials Limit possibility of expans Could not be recycled Pollute inside air symbolize regenerator paradigm
Built with recycled materials Allow surfaces expansion & flexibility Could be recycled Clean up inside air symbolize regenerator paradigm
Built with new materials
Built with recycled materials
Could not be recycled
Could be recycled
Process
symbolize Do notregenerator favor urbanparadigm structuring
symbolize regenerator paradigm Contribute to urban structuring
Poor quality of public spaces
Good quality public spaces Contribute to urban structuring
Do not favor urban structuring Poor quality of public spaces
Good quality public spaces
Do not integrate all the stockholders
Integrate all the stockholders
Not considering global long-term vision
consider global long-term vision
Do not integrate all the stockholders Do not integrate 3 dimensions of SD
Integrate all the stockholders integrate 3 dimensions of SD consider global long-term vision
minimum -4000 Do not integrate 3 dimensions of SD
-0
-75
-100
-50
0
125
500
405 900
maximum 4000 integrate 3 dimensions of SD
1900
The outcome : 1900
-0
-75
-100
-50
0
125
1900
500
405 900
maximum 4000
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Not considering global long-term vision
minimum -4000
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
2.3 Community participation
Neglect users’safety Exclude the illegal
Make it right project
Require motorized transport Use mechanic heater /cooler
Social resiliency in sustainable development
2.3 Community participation 2.3 Community partici
Purify the air
100
Pollute water
75
50
25
0
-25
-50
-75
-100
Pollute the air
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•Embracing all the invironmental aspect od sustainabel development •The safety,Living condition and social integration aspects are well ellaborated and detailed •Considering process in the stocks
Weaknessess •The technical safety agaisnt the hazards are not concidered •The social aspects are limited , No traces of education and Identitiy can be found •The mitigation and adaptation which are the main subject of our study is totally transparent in this method. •No traces of economic assets in the evaluation •The future outcomes of a project has not been considered •The flexibility of the project against the future alternations and uncertainiites is not concidered
METHODOLOGY 2 _TELOS Although it is really difficult to evaluate sustainability in climate change and hazard vulnerable contexts with minor adjustments. ,the Telos method seems to be capable of addressing the social dimension which is the main premise of this project .
Application of the method • The stocks (supplies) According to the Telos group each capital is made up of a number of stocks which most of them are considered to be applicable for this project as well. • Requirements These are subsequently imposed on these stocks, which they must meet in the long term. In other words, these are the long-term goals expressed in qualitative terms.
The degree to which the requirements are being met is measured using indicators. A total score is determined for each stock by adding together the weighed scores from al the indicators. Weighing takes Place because the requirements and the indicators are not all considered to be of equal importance. The weights for each requirement are determined based on the number of requirements per stock. •Weighing the indicators The next step in the Telos method of assessment is to draw up a measuring scale for each indicator. This measuring scale consists of set standards that have a zero value and a target value with limit values between the two.
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
• Indicators
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Although the (SBSE-US) is based a housing pilot Method but is seems to be incapable of addressing the complex requirements of hazard management particularly in the social aspect of it.On the other hand, the most genius economic intervention of this project both in fund raising and post -implementation cannot be evaluated in regard to this method. Therefore poth positive and negative aspects of the project remained encapsuated in Telos Method.
Make it right project
Conclusion
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Positive outcomes of the Methodology
Page 11
Make It Right assembled some of the world’s most talented and innovative architects to design thirteen single family homes during two phases. Rarely has so much great design and construction talent been focused on making homes energy efficient, solar powered, storm resistant and affordable for working families. The drive to build more affordable, greener homes led to Make It Right innovations – creating new applications for familiar materials, revamping Planet traditional construction processes, implementing new technologies and introducing new products to the market. Nature Nature 5,00
•Materials are as non-toxic, non-harmful, healthy, efficient, waste free and as close to Cradle to CradleSM as possible. •Mold Resistance: Use of BluWood, TimberSil, paperless drywall and proper ventilation and airflow to maintain optimum moisture levels
4,00 Landscape
3,00
2,00
Surface Water
Air
1,00
0,00
Identity and di M inerals
Air
Groundwater
Surface Water
Make it right project
•Rainwater harvesting to cisterns for use watering plants and washing cars •Large-scale rainwater harvesting using a cistern to provide water for toilet flushing (pending code approval) •Green roofs •Pervious concrete •Raingardesn •Tree planting and protection •Porous street scape
Soil
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Environmental capital Evaluation
•solar powered,redusce air polution
•Rainwater harvesting to cisterns for use watering plants •Native plants •Rain gardens •Xeric plantings •Edible gardens
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
Landscape
Living co
Safety •Cutting-edge storm resistant features to increase durability and safety •Structure certified to a minimum of 130 MPH winds •Flood elevation requirements meet and exceed FEMA flood maps •All structures meet and exceed existing code compliance regulations •Use of hurricane fabric to protect windows •Rooftop access
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Social capital Evaluation
Page 12
Planet
Nature 5,00
Solidarity
5,00
4,00
Landscape
Living conditions
Raw/auxiliary ma
2,00
1,00
1,00
•Affordable housing
0,00
Identity and diversity
Solidarity
Citizenship
3,00
2,00
Citizenship
4,00
Soil
3,00
M inerals
Health
0,00
Air
•Contribution in construction process and decisions
•Place making Groundwater People •Art and Cultural •participating the owners to select the design
Safety Profit
Surface Water
Labour 5,00
Solidarity 5,00
Education
Art and cultural heritage
4,00
4,00
Citizenship
l
Capital (goods)
People
2,00
2,00
1,00 Solidarity 1,00 and mitigation be assessed with Telos evaluation method in hazard vulnerable contexts? How can Social resiliency 5,00
Air
0,00
Health
0,00
4,00
Iden ty and diversity zenship As argued before the social resiliency in community is the ability to collectively adapt to the given conditionCi and 3,00 anticipate the future condition .Therefore ,a project should address a community collectively and provide a required 2,00 level of awareness and adaptation which translatesEconomic into structure preserving the historic memory while smoothly adapting the Knowledge social structure into the new condition. By taking a closer look at the Telos social diagram we can easily categorize 1,00 Safety Education Citizenship and solidarity as two factor determining the level of the Living social cohesion by addressing two levels of social condi ons Memory 0,00 infrastructure. Memory and education are obviously the key factors revealing the levelSpatial anticipation location conditionsand mitigation provided by a cultural heritage project .Interestingly Art byandaddressing the collective social infrastructure memory can be categorized in both anticipation and cohesion. Safety
Educa on
People Health
48%
Solidarity 5,00
Iden ty and diversity
Sustainable development
4,00 Ci zenship 3,00
Memory
0,00
38%
Solidarity
Identity and diversity Health
Social Infrastructure
Citizenship
Educa on
Social Infrastructure
Social Cohesion
Anticipation Education Memory 61%
Adaptation Safety House and Living condition
Health
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
1,00
Safety
38%
Social Resiliency
2,00
Living condi ons
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
3,00
Raw/auxiliary materials
3,00
Identity and diversity
Make it right project
Economic struc
Identity & Diversity
Living conditions
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Solidarity Spatial conditions Security Economic Structure Housing & Living Conditions Housing & Living Cond. Knowledge •Termite resistance: termite shields installed in all homes Health •Mold Resistance: Use of BluWood, TimberSil, paperless drywall and proper ventilation and airflow to maintain optimum moisture levels Raw materials Use of plumbing fixtures (dual flush toilets, low flow showerheads, high-efficiency clothes washer and dishwasher) which use 30% less water than conventional models People Education •Better insulation in walls/ceilings/floors/windows •Higher efficiency mechanical equipment Identity & Diversity Health and Cultural •Materials Art are as non-toxic, non-harmful, healthy, efficient, waste free and as close to Cradle to CradleSM as possible. heritage
Page 13
MIR 2008
Revenues, gains and other support:
Unrestricted
13
Temporarily Restricted
Permanently Restricted
Total
$150,000
$0
$877,095
$0
$0
Investment income
104,171
0
0
93,869
0
0
93,869
13,335,949
150,000
0
13,485,949
Fundraising expense
649,307
0
0
649,307
Management and general
170,980
0
0
170,980
7,621,700
0
0
7,621,700
Total expenses
8,441,987
0
0
8,441,987
Change in net assets
4,893,962
150,000
0
5,043,962
12,435,679
0
0
12,435,679
$17,329,641
$150,000
$0
$17,479,641
Merchandise income Total revenues, gains and other support
$12,410,814 104,171
Expenses:
Make It Right: Financials
MIR 2008 Annual Report
Program expense
Net assests, beginning of period
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Net assets, end of period December 31, 2008
12
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position DEC 2008 Assets
2008
$8,722,588
Cash and cash equivalents
7,735,000
Pledge contributions and grants
60,202
Accounts receivable
451,169
Homeowner receivables
288,995 46,512
Prepaid expenses
467,168
Construction work in process
42,426
Other assets
437,662
Property, furniture and equipment, net
$19,781,522 Liabilities and NewAssets Liabilities:
895,192
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
31,800
Deferred rent
1,374,889
Deferred revenue
2,301,881
Total liabilities
MIR 2008 Annual Report
Net assets:
14
Make It Right: Financials
17,329,641
Unrestricted
150,000
Temporarily restricted
0
Permanently restricted
17,479,641
Total net assets Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For the year ended December 31, 2008
Consolidated Statement of Cash flows
$19,781,522 2008
Cash flows from operating activities: Change in net assets
$5,043,962
Adjustments to reconcile change in net assets to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Contribution of property, furniture and equipment
24,544 (347,049)
Account receivable Homeowner receivables Mortgage receivables Inventories, net Prepaid expenses Construction work in progress
2,007,741 (1,701) (451,169) (1,529,800) (288,995) (15,382) (467,168)
Other assets
(42,426)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
274,636
Deferred revenue Deferred rent Net cash provided by operating activities Cash flows from investing activities - Capital expenditures Net increase in cash and cash equivelents Cash and cash equivelents, beginning of period Cash and cash equivelents, end of period
31,800 5,613,882 (111,908) 5,501,974 3,220,614 $8,722,588 347,049
Page 14
Noncash investing activities - Furniture acquired through donations
1,374,889
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Increase (decrease) in cash due to changes in: Pledged contributions and grants receivable
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
1,529,800
Mortage receivables Inventories, net
Make it right project
$12,260,814
Sale to homeowners
Contributions and gifts
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Consolidated Statement of Activities DEC 2008
Socio-cultural
Economic capital
People
Capital Goods capital Spatial conditions Out come : Citizenship Nature Structure Solidarity absolutely Non-profitable Soil •The projects is Economic •The Economic Structure of theSecurity project is weak ing Cond. Knowledge Groundwater •Spatial condition is weak (Flood area) use of raw materials Housing & Living Cond. Surface•Good Water Raw materials •Good labour structure Living conditions
4,00
Citizenship
Soil
2,00 1,00
Health Education Identity & Diversity Art and profits Cultural •Inability to adress the post-implentation in the economic capital heritage
ater
Air
4,00 3,00
Health
0,00
Capital (goods)
2,00
1,00
0,00
different weight
Economic structure
Knowledge
Ecological Socio-cultural Safety Education capital capital Nature Citizenship Nature • Better insulation in walls/ceilings/floors/windows Soil Solidarity Spatial location conditions Soil •Use of lower-energy lighting and ceiling fans Art and cultural heritage Groundwater Security •Energy Star rated appliances using 30% less energy than conventional models Groundwater •Net-metered roof-mounted photovoltaic systems to generate electricity on-site Housing &Water Living Cond. Surface Surface Water •Use of plumbing fixtures (dual flush toilets, low flow showerheads, high-efficiency clothes washer and dishwasher) which use 30% less water Health Air Air than conventional models Education People •Large-scale rainwater harvesting using a cistern to provide water for toilet flushing (pending code approval) Landscape Profit Landscape Planet •Dedicated construction site area for storing, sortingPeople and recouping building materials for reuse and recycling Identity & Diversity Minerals Minerals 48% Solidarity Profit
Nature 5,00
Ecological capital
Art and Cultural
Labour 5,00
Solidarity
•Although Telos could fulfill the5,00incentives of this paper to evaluate social resiliency but due it heritage is inherent ,Predefined rigid and rational structure make isLabour incapabale to address the tepmporal and transient condition of the post -modern 4,00 Iden ty and diversity 5,00 Ci zenship societis ,especialy in hazard vulnerable context .Therefore in using the analytical methods to evaluate sustainability 3,00 some questaions remain open for4,00disscusion. 4,00
Living conditions
5,00
4,00
2,00
Raw/auxiliary materials
0,00
2,00
1,00
1,00
3,00
Identity and diversity
Capital (goods)
Health
0,00
0,00
Planet
1,00 2,00
Air
Capital (goods)
2,00
People Planet
Nature 5,00
Solidarity
How Living cancondia ons Rational ,pre-defined structured methodMemory can be used to assess the 0,00and 1,00 temporal and transient conditions of the climate change ?
5,00 Nature 5,00
4,00
Landscape
Economic structure3,00
Living conditions Soil
4,00
4,00
Knowledge
Citizenship
3,00
Landscape
Each capital composed of stocks evaluated by indicators with To what extent the term sustainibility can be beneficial or dangerous in dealing with different weight 0,00
Health
3,00
2,00
Safety
Education
Living co Raw/auxiliary materials
Soil
2,00
2,00
1,00
Surface Water
1,00
1,00
0,00
Identity and diversity
changing contexts as long as it is epystomologically and naturalySocio-cultural neutral and balanced ? Ecological Economic structure Knowledge capital 38% Safety Educa on capital How can perception of being sustainable by individuals in New orleans have strong Citizenship Education Nature People implications in in decreasing their anticipation against the next hurricane? Solidarity Art and cultural heritage
Groundwater
Soil Spatial location conditions Groundwater Surface Water Air Landscape Minerals Health
Solidarity 5,00
4,00
Iden ty and diversity
Ci zenship
3,00
2,00 1,00
Living condi ons
48%
Memory
0,00
Economic capital 0,00
Air Spatial location conditions
M inerals
Surface Water
48% Security Housing & Living Cond. Health Education Identity & Diversity Art and Cultural heritage
Health
0,00
Identity and diversity
M inerals
Air
Labour 61% Capital Goods Spatial conditions Economic Structure KnowledgePeople Raw materials Safety
Economic structure
Education
Groundwater
Surface Water
Art and cultural heritage
Solidarity 5,00
4,00
Iden ty and diversity
Ci zenship
3,00
S
Iden ty and div
2,00 1,00 Living condi ons
Critical Review of Sustainable Development Policies and Planning
3,00
Raw/auxiliary materials
1,00
Citizenship
E Id A h
Citizenship
3,00
2,00
Labo C Cap S Spat S Econ H Know H Raw
4,00
Soil
3,00
S c
Eco
Make it right project
roundwater
Identity and diversity
Labour 5,00
Raw/auxiliary materials
3,00
Air Landscape ersityThe Telos Weakness Minerals
al
Labour Capital Goods Spatial conditions Economic Structure Knowledge Raw materials Each capital composed o Each capital composed of stocks evaluated by in different weight
Solidarity
5,00
Social resiliency in sustainable development
Ecological capital
Memory
0,00
Living condi ons
Ci zenship
Safety
38%
Educa on
Health Planet
Memory Landscape
3,00
Labour 5,00
Solidarity 5,00
4,00
Living conditions
4,00
Soil
4,00 Citizenship
Raw/auxiliary materials
3,00
2,00
1,00
M inerals
Capital (goods)
1,00
1,00 0,00
Educa on
3,00 2,00
2,00
Identity and diversity
Health
Profit
People
Nature 5,00
Educa on
61%
0,00
Health
0,00
Air
38%
61% Economic structure Safety Groundwater
Knowledge
38%
Payam Tabrizian Spring 2010
Safety
Education
Surface Water
Spatial location conditions Art and cultural heritage
Solidarity 5,00
Iden ty and diversity
4,00
48%
Page 15
People
S