Master design work

DESIGN PROJECTS 2009-2011 , KU Leuven Belgium

MASTER THESIS PROJECT PARSONS NEW SCHOOL FOR DESIGN and K.U LEUVEN “Urbanism of Inclusion” Advisors : Bruno De Meulder, Brian McGratch Jury : Kelly Shannon, Paola Vigano, Bernardo Secci,Hilde Heynen K.U Leuven Sep 2011

5

1.Heysel - shopp (60.000 m ), conf centre (>50.000 hall (15.000 seats stadium meeting stantards

Paving(A)Way Envisioning 21st Century Public Markets Location Theme

Molenbeek /Brussels Urbanism Of Inclusion

2.Tour & Taxis - h offices (40%), fac park 20 ha, open swimming pool

‘Urban revitalization’ …’economic ‘development’… ’Internationalization.’

The billions of Euros in public and private investment justified by these catchwords – and by the jobs that presumably go with them – have produced pitifully little in Brussels. The financial rewards of the “Flagship projects” – whether it is Big shopping mall in Place du Flagey, an office complex in European Quartiers, or a huge stadium replacing the historic Schaerbeek station have tended to intensify unemployment, the exclusion of job market and produce menial jobs rather than meaningful ones.

This thesis is an effort to recognize that new definitions of “urban revitalization” and “economic development” are needed today. More specifically, it investigates how public markets enhance the potential for social integration in public spaces – attracting diverse income levels, ages, and ethnicities – and thereby create a sustainable vehicle for upward mobility and individual empowerment for low-income communities. The research kicks of by understanding the efficiency of public markets as an instrument for inclusion and empowerment, their internal dynamics and their synthesis with the rhythms of everyday life and urban flows. In the second part it explores the dynamics, potentials and delimitation of the existing public markets in Brussels. The results of the first two chapters will serve the research with appropriate methods and design tools for develop an integrated landscape development concept for the West-station area in Sint Jans-Molenbeek .

1 10

3.West Station station, new hou offices and comm

4.South Station n new housing, offi businesses, hote 'convivial and sa 2

9

3

8 5

5.Monts des Arts Brussels Informa Meeting Centre ( shops

6.Delta - new ho offices, urban ind

7

4

6

7.European distr with offices ,shop and convivial ne , housing(MP)

8.State Administ offices (35%),sho facilities (5%) (M

9.Josaphat - eco with offices, hou community facili Ten strategic sites Highlighted in the International Development Plan.

10.Schaerbeek F logistics activitie football stadium standards (?) (MP

Socio-spatial duality of the city %

Unemployment of the young in Brussles Project Site Sint-Jans -Molenbeek municipality Brussels Regional Boundries

7

Gent

LANDSCAPE CAPACITY ANALYSIS

INCLUSION Dirt

Parking accessessibility scheme

Contaminated surface Metal / derelict Rail lines Metal / Operating rail lines

Primary streets / National roads Secondry streets Downgraded street Local access only Parking zones In-door storage places Metro

Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun.

Train/RER

Dirt

Metal / Fences and Gates

2

Contaminated surface

Train electric poles

Metal / derelict Rail lines Metal / Operating rail lines Metal / Fences and Gates

Dirt , Contaminated surface and metals

Train electric poles

Parking accessessibility scheme

One-day Market Two-days Market Three-days Market Everyday Market

Primary streets / National roads Secondry streets

Downgraded street Local access only Parking zones

In-door storage places

Metro

Train/RER

Molenbeek Municipality

6

Existing tress Dirt , Contaminated surface and metals 3

Proposed tress

4

Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun.

Market flows Market hall

Metro /Train flows Metro Stops

Park Flows

Public markets

Parking

cellar) , Event Ethnic shopping venue 2. Tou r and streets

Bicycle

1. Abattoir( the

Taxis , Events

,Music festiva 3. Belle Vue l 4. Place Sainte Catherine ,W inter festival 5. Boulevard du Midi (South fair ) 6. Canal Zone

Municipality division

Handicrafts

ReR connection to the western periphery

West station

Low income agglomoration

RER statations

Cloths & Textile Second-hand

West station as the hub for low income agglomoration of Brussels suburbs

Transformed Buildings

Restaurant & Fastfood

Vacant / Possible future development

Bread & Cheese and Pastry

Appropriated Parking spaces

Fish & Chicken & Meat

Extended or covered surfaces

X

Game and Toy Food court

Platforms Fields

Bridges

Galleries

West station and the Brussels ethnic markets and European headquqrters

Alder market

Influencial edge

Downgraded Streets

Market

Market

In-site Buildings

Hard surface analysis

Removed station building

Fruit & Vegetable Flower

Hard surface analysis

Sugar Maple

5 Red maple , Sugar maple Market flows

Little leaf linden

Park Flows

Metro Stops Public markets RER Ethnic shopping streets Metro

Bicycle Metro

Public markets

Municipality division Brussels main headquarters

Molenb

honey locus Proposed tress

Alder Maple and whirte Poplars

European Hornbeam

Donald Wyman Red maple , Sugar maple

Little leaf linden

Parking

Ethnic shopping streets

Alder

Tulip poplar

Donald Wyman

Public Markets

RER

Metro

Metro

Ethnic shopping streets West station and the Brussels ethnic and European metro loop West station

RER Incomelevel higher than Brussels average income

Cafe & Bar

European Hornbeam Existing tress

Market hall Tulip poplar Metro /Train flows

RER statations Income level lower than Brussels average income

Catwalk

BIO Products

RER

1

Maple and whirte Poplars

On Tw Th Ev

Public Markets

Public markets RER stations West station RER connection to the western (dender)valley Brussels main headquarters Source : SPF Finances .RN Ministère de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale - IBSA

Proposed flows RER stations Income level lower than Brussels average income West station RER connection to the western Main streams Source : SPF Finances .RN Ministère de la Région de BruxellesIncomelevel higher than Brussels average income Vegetation analysis Market system components Secondry streams Tertiary streams

Hard surface analysis In-site Buildings

Crosspassing/Emmergency In-door flows

Influencial edge Bridges Hard surface analysis Platforms Fields Galleries

Metro Train/RER Parkings Hubs/Distribution nodes

Proposed flowsand meadows Grass Main streams Shrubs and perenials Secondry streams Trees by hights (on- site 2 estimation) Tertiary streams 4 8

10

14

16

Crosspassing/Emmergency In-door flows Bridges Metro Train/RER Parkings Hubs/Distribution nodes

Open market Vegetation analysis II Market shed 1

Market syste

Grass and Market hall meadows

Ope

Shrubs and perenials Gallery 2 4 A 8

Loading/unloading space Trees by hights (onsite estimation) Parking space

II

Mark

1

Mark

Galle

10

Load

14

16

A

Park

t ark e

e de

Gan

d

2

6 6

4

bant Duschess du Bra

3

Cu

re

em

4

3

5

at

to ir

4

3

gh

1

5

ut

h

St

at

ion

1

So

Event venue nts ,Music festival

2

2

6

ninoove

ECOLOGICAL Continuity

DIVERSITY

Mo len bee kM

usse

Eta nge noi r

Cha

Ab

ussee de

EMPOWERMENT

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Abattoir( the cellar) , Event venue Tour and Taxis , Events ,Music festival Belle Vue Place Sainte Catherine ,Winter festival Boulevard du Midi (South fair ) Canal Zone

ine ,Winter festival South fair )

Ethnic public matkets and Shopping streets

5 1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Abattoir( the cellar) , Event venue Tour and Taxis , Events ,Music festival Belle Vue Place Sainte Catherine ,Winter festival Boulevard du Midi (South fair ) Canal Zone

Situating the site withing the green patches of the Northern Beussels

Brussels main Event spaces

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

1

Abattoir( the cellar) , Event venue Tour and Taxis , Events ,Music festival Belle Vue Place Sainte Catherine ,Winter festival Boulevard du Midi (South fair ) Canal Zone

9

MARKET-PATK 1

Making links with the existing commercial fabric and giving coherence to what should be added there, the developments necessary for empowerment of the neighborhood, namely, a ‘Public market ‘

2

Provide necessary infrastructure, which is able to efficiently interpret, anticipate and convey programmatic flows of every kind (Market, every day, events and etc.)

3

Situate the site in its surrounding biotic environment provide the continuity of the park system

SITE ANALYSIS

BUILDINGS

HARD SURFACES

VEGETATION

The integrative method of landscape urbanism was primarily used to inspire a creative and experimental working methodology. In viewing the site as a layered system, all the existing surfaces (paved, natural or cultivated, those left in neglect or already built) isolated and analyzed for their productive and experiential potential .The process of layering allowed for the discovery of underlying characteristics and exciting associative possibilities of the site. An application of these surfaces in addition to set of minimal interventions defined the structure of the market system and created the necessary links providing the ground structure (network of flows).

Paved Surface

2 4 8 10 14 16 Meadows Perenials or mix meadows

11

n

RER connection to the western (dender)valley

nces .RN Ministère de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale - IBSA

ation analysis

MARKET SYSTEM

NETWORK OF FLOWS

Market system components

Grass and meadows

A

Open market

Shrubs and perenials Trees by hights (on- site estimation)

PLATFORMS

II

Market shed

1

Market hall Gallery

Parking space

A

M

1

Loading/unloading space B

2

B

I

B M

3

II

D

4

C

E

M

Main streams

B

T R ER

In -site proposed Pedestrian flows

Secondry streams Tertiary streams Scape Routes

Mobile Truck 1.5 X 2.5 m

In-door flows

Food courts Large 4 x 10 m Bridges Metro Train/RER Hubs /Distribution nodes

Food court 2 x 5 m

Basic stall with table 2X5 m

Demonstrator 2 x 3 m

TREES

AUTONOMUS WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1

2

6m

1

3

4

5

6

7

3.5 m 2

3

4

5

6

7

A-A 6m

1.Percipitation 2.Collecting , retaining the rain water A-A 3.Cleaning ,serving the market 1.Percipitation 4.Infiltration 2.Collecting , retaining the rain water 5.Purification 3.Cleaning ,serving the market 4.Infiltration 6.Passing through the park 5.Purification 7.Evacuated to the city sewage system

3.5 m

A A

6.Passing through the park 7.Evacuated to the city sewage system

Clean water Rain and market run-off

A

Planted water basins Marshland Permeable Surfaces

A

Clean water Rain and market run-off Planted water basins Marshland Permeable Surfaces

Orientation of the proposed trees inspired by the existing geometry of the adjacent parks, stresses on the continuity and coherence as a whole while conducting the proposed flows on the site scale. The veil of the trees emphasize on the privacy and while the single rows stress on the linear movement of the market.

When a market system is integrated with a park ,the question of water supply and evacuation of the dirty run-off becomes an issue, specially when the surface is partly contaminated. The project sought to tackle the issue trough proposing an autonomous low impact water management system. The specific topographic condition of the site infrastructure became an asset for directing the water in two different directions and using a wetland system as a sponge for purification of the polluted run-off.

Planted sidewalk detail

At the highest point of the site a 1600 cubic meters rettion pool collects and stores the rainwater and serving the requirements of the market and the park.

A parallel system of ditches are providing the clean water and collecting the contaminated surface water simultaneously. Using the natural topography of the site, the water passes through permeable surfaces partly infiltrates, purified in the wetland and directed to the site. Time by time the clean water forms the linear water basins creating aesthetic qualities while providing the water for landscaping.

The other system takes form of planted ditch that collects rain water of the roof, market and side walk runoffs. The water is stored until it is removed by infiltration absorbed by plant roots, evaporates or for excess amounts flows into the

13

A

Handicrafts

B

Cloths & Textile

ReR connection to the western periphery Low income agglomoration

Second-hand

C D

Catwalk

E

Cafe & Bar

Transformed Buildings

F

Restaurant & Fastfood

Vacant / Possible future development

G

Bread & Cheese and Pastry

Appropriated Parking spaces

H

Fish & Chicken & Meat

Extended or covered surfaces

I

BIO

BIO Products

A

J

Fruit & Vegetable

K

Flower

L

Game and Toy

M

Food court

X

Removed station building Downgraded Streets Bridges

Market Alder Sugar Maple

Indoor market Open Market Event

B

Terrace Parking

Poplar

Selling with truck

Marshland Hedges

Mixed Vegetable and fruit

Meadows and shrubs perrenials

Textile and cloth

Water features Only-morning accessibility All trucks

Loading-Unloading zones

In-door storage places Truck Parking areas Metro

Marshland Market stream flow

Cross passing and emmergency zone Benches

Maket stall

Park Secondary connections

Primary streets / National roads Secondry streets Downgraded street Local access only

Parking zones

In-door storage places Metro Train/RER

Platforms Fields Bridges and Galleries

D

Train/RER

European Hornbeam

C

Max 6 meters trucks

Tulip poplar

A

Handicrafts

B

Cloths & Textile

ReR connection to the western periphery Low income agglomoration

Second-hand

C D

Catwalk

E

Cafe & Bar

Transformed Buildings

F

Restaurant & Fastfood

Vacant / Possible future development

G

Bread & Cheese and Pastry

Appropriated Parking spaces

H

Fish & Chicken & Meat

Extended or covered surfaces

I J

BIO

BIO Products

X

Fruit & Vegetable Section A-A

K

Flower

L

Game and Toy

M

Food court

Removed station building Downgraded Streets Bridges

Market Alder Sugar Maple

Indoor market Open Market Event

Tulip poplar

Terrace Parking

Poplar

Selling with truck

35

7

7

12

6

6

3

3

Marshland Hedges

Mixed Vegetable and fruit

Meadows and shrubs perrenials

Textile and cloth

Water features

Only-morning accessibility Section C-C All trucks

Max 6 meters trucks

Loading-Unloading zones

In-door storage places Truck Parking areas Metro

Train/RER

5

0

20

60

80

100 m

0

100

300

400

500 m

0

1

3

4

0

10

30

40

5 km

50 m

European Hornbeam

Marshland Market stream flow

Cross passing and emmergency zone

Park Secondary co

Benches

Primary streets / National roads Secondry streets Downgraded street Local access only

Parking zones

In-door storage places Metro Train/RER

Platforms Fields Bridges and Galleries

5

4

15

ANCHORING THE ETHNIC MARKETS The project envisioned a possible agenda for working days of the market and the zones which can operate in each day. The dynamics of the existing markets were instrumental in this projection. The aim was to be complementary, not to compete by any means. Taking benefits of the existing flows while reinforcing the current shopping stream. This means providing the products and services, which is lacking in each of the other ethnic markets . The involved commercial fabric taking benefit of this synergy is projected as well.

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

The complementary products and range of different events and activities offered by the market park stresses on provides the magnet effect necessary for inclusion.

Weekends, station peak hours, and availability of the parking spaces and diversity of the commuters in each day were the other factors determining the operating days of the markets.

Possible Scenarios Thursday

If the aim of this proposal is to prepare a ground structure to generate economic impulses,and if it is about increasing the capacity of the surface to accommodate certain and uncertain activities associated to the 21st century public market, then concluding with a concrete programmatic prescription for the landscape appears to be naive.

What seems to be necessary is to evaluate the capacity of the surface through building scenarios for different programmatic conditions. For this thesis it was achieved through exploration of associative possibilities and interesting programmatic juxtapositions that can occur in different spatial scales ;from the entire envisioned network to the a single experiential space.

Public market

Spin-off effect

71

POSSIBLE PROGRAMMATIC EMBODYMENT OF THE SURFACES

Normal day

Market day

Possible programmatic embodyment of the surfaces

Festival

Public Events

Exhibition

Market

Sports field and play ground

Sunday

F ull market day

17

What would be the spatial manifestation of the 21 century market in the West station site? How landscape design can respond to the place shifting and unpredictable requirements of the 21st century public market?

Monday

For the research,these questions initiated a discussion into the shifting purpose of approach both to the landscape and the market. The public market is not anymore a mono-functional economic engine neither the landscape was not used to denote a park or place of natural growth, They both contribute in definition of the market and continuity of the landscape. Flexibility and adaptability became fore fronted as design objectives. landscape as a “functioning matrix of connective tissue that organizes not only objects and spaces but also the dynamic processes and events that move through them.”(Wall ,1999)

Wednesday , Full market day

“The urban Surface is dynamic and responsive, like a catalytic emulsion, the surface literally unfolds events in time. “

( Wall 1999:233) Music Festival

Turnhout Studio

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Bruno De Meulder - Christian Nolf-Oana Bogdan K.U Leuven Fall 2010 Advisors : Bruno De Meulder, Brian McGratch Jury : Kelly Shannon, Paola Vigano, Bernardo Secci,Hilde Heynen K.U Leuven Sep 2011

19

1770

1878

1970

2000

1970

2000

.historical evolution

Foundational Grid

Forest , Urban and river morphology

Turnhout /Belgium 320 Hectares Water Urbanism

roads The project ‘foundational Grid ‘ focused on the southern industrial zone using the water and industrial sprawl issues as a medium approach the context and develop the design strategy. The project.historical proposedevolution a multi–layered grid structure based on rationalized existing geometry of the context. The forest hybrid-grid embraces ecological and infrastractural demands of the project.

Forest

Location Area Theme

roads

Water + Forest + Highway

1770

1878

Urban

The first layer is an autonomous storm water management system ,Slowing down the drainage system of the highway and the industry while giving the room to the river to provide flooding extensions.

The second layer defines spatial structure of industrial zone by introducing new typologies of tree plantation and afforestation techniques.` forest The third layer is envisioned as a matrix of primary roads and secondary infrastructures fusing the highway to the surrounding landscape giving an urwater ban boulevard character to it .

river

Payam Tabrizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - general context

water

1770

1870

1970

2000

Payam Tabrizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - general context

forest

water Payam Tabrizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - general context

AA river water basin

Southern Turnhout floodable zones

Existing green patches

22

Proposed rationale for run-off management

Runoff management techniques

21

Envisioned water structure

5

Foundational Grid Water+Forest +Highway [water.]

.summerfloods / winterfloods summer peak showers + dry soils

winter constant showers + saturated soils

design strategy: rainfall interception deciduous forest

design strategy: space for the river + drainage + retention pools

Q (m3/s)

21

‘blue fingers’ as expansions river valley

normal rainwater-runoff effect of afforestation

0,33 0,32 0,31 0,30 0,29 0,28 0,27 0,26

slowed down drainage system

0,25 0,24 0,23

‘restored’ river valley

0,22 16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

time (h)

rainfall

20

interception evaporation transpiration

interception

19

throughfall stem flow

infiltration run off

leaf litter as sponge

deep seepage

base flow root uptake

(Fig 6) The conceptual grid integrated with the restored vally .Drawing:Conor O’Brien,2010

Payam Trabizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - design strategies

rated by highway and industry’s runoff is main chalinated water demands treatment and storage before underlying industrial grid comprised by Draining chans systematically regulates water treatment and evacu-

18

ng roofs, paved surfaces and highway water run-offs s in respect to the topography . ategically placed in the network efficiently slowdown of the contaminated water.

nage channel and retention ponds. Middle : Sculptured and scratched er run-off. Right :the site Water management system ,Weilacher,2008:62,64

Proposed insustrial development ed in ‘Platue de Kirchberg’ project inplot Luxemburg

by Latz efficient storm water management system for the highd to the landscape through open ditches and retention e of rainwater channels reduce the speed at which the ebris is caught on the way to the retention pond. Rain

21 Tree typology

Envisioned forest

[roads.] [forest.] [water.] .highway boulevard

interchange profile

Proposed industrial service loop

op

st

E3

4

Bus

Parking access

Car access

Payam Trabizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - design strategies

Motorway

Shuttle stop

Proposed interchange

Proposed car loop and parkings

[roads.] [forest.] [water.]

0

0,5

1 km

23

Payam Trabizian, Conor O’Brien & Esther Jacobs - FOUNDATIONAL GRID - design strategies

Erie Canal Studio Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Amaechi Okigbo-Ward Verbakel K.U Leuven Spring 2010

25

MEDIATED PACE I Adapting to the rhythm of upstate NY INTRODUCTION

Mediated Pace Adapting to the Rhythm of Upstate NY

Looking at the Erie Canal fast developing industrial c lar piece of infrastructure m barrier of the Appalachian the West. Thereby facilitati dominantly on the eastern York City to the trade ce to the Louisiana Purchase, and 10 years later the na

1850

NY state Regional Urbanism

1810-40 1810-40

Looking at the Erie Canal today, the remnant infrastructures of a fast developing industrial corridor are still 1800 1790 apparent. This particular piece of infrastructure made it possible to comfortably cross the barrier of the 1790 Appalachians and continue the colonizing march to the1700 West. The rhythm of travelling over the canal greatly 1700 1700 influenced the urbanisation patterns in the upstate region of NY; cities sprouted where ships hadNewtoyorkwait New Amsterdam New st.louis Amsterdam st.louis inside locks, paradoxically locating settlements on rugged topography. Over timesanta technological innovations fe have led to the development of competing infrastructures, which facilitated industrialisation and propelled new orleans orleans economic growth in the region. Natural to thisnewprocess is the creation of dross: abandoned buildings, MEDIATED PACE and I Adapting to the rhythm of upstate NY infrastructures open spaces.

Erie MEDIATED PACE I Adapting to the rhythm ofThe upstate NYCanal, in a way, acts as a datum that structures the distribution of INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION these industrial remnants and wasted spaces in Upstate New York, creating what is now known as part of the “Rust Belt”, a region formerly focused on manufacturing industries and now characterized by shrinking cities.

miles

1790 erie canal

2600miles

st.louis

ile s

New york

12

sect

fe tran

se tran

1700

len st ra ns e

santa

uis st.Lo

s mile

00

m ile s

12

ne w

orl

santa fe ne w

ne w

s

00mile

ect 25

o trans

sandiag

sandiago

iles

m 1750

0

ct 90

00

ns

uis tra

st.Lo

erie canal

m

iles

0m

90 ect

en s tr an se ct

0 miles

ct 175

transe

ect 2500

orl

en s tr an se ct

12

00

fe santa

1800

foet calst op trans

ct

iles

0m

t 90

m ile s

uis

st.Lo

ec trans

fort calstop

or

Location Theme

new orleans

Accelerated development of the west facilitated by implementation of th canal 1800

1850

1800

1900

1950 1850

2000

1900

accelarted advancement to the west facilitated by the introduction of the canal.

slow geological process

1850 1810-40

1810-40

1850

Albany

1810-40 1800

1800

fort calstop

1790 erie canal

fort calstop

-8.2%

Buffalo

les

m

ile

s

New york

mi

00 t 12 ec ns

00

t 12

ec

ns

or

w

ne

New York

14

1,2

.4

km

2

Syracuse

28% 15.8% 64.9%

14

1,2

54.4%

.4

63.8%

km

Barge Canal development pop. 26, 331

river trade post pop. < 100

Erie Canal development pop. < 5,000

Canal rochester Erie development

river settlement pop. 15

canal relics shrinking city? pop. 34,950 8.5 % vacant

Barge Canal development pop. 295, 750

pop. 2,500

Barge Canal development pop. 26, 331

canal relics shrinking city? pop. 219,773 6.97% vacant

river settlement pop. 15

28%

buffalo

Erie Canal development pop. 2,500

Barge Canal development pop. 295, 750

15.8% 57.8% 64.9% 54.4% 63.8%

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$200,000

$150,000

$450,000

$500,000

$400,000

$350,000

Erie Canal development pop. < 5,000

2

$250,000

river trade post pop. < 100

2

2

2

Population growth in rust belt cites after implmentiation of Erie canal

rome

km

2

1910 423,715 20.2% 1920 506,775 19.6% 1890 1930 573,076 13.1% 49.8% 64.8% 4.6% 1880 1940 575,901 0.5% the ‘rust-belt’ a region formerly known industries now characterized population91.7% numbers 43.2% 31.8% for its manufacturing 20.3% by shrinking 30.7% 1830 24,209 1950 580,132 0.7% 1870 1840 33,721 39.3% 29.4% 45.1% 53.1% 1960 532,759 −8.2% 11.3% 1860 1850 50,763 50.5% 32.4% 1970 462,768 −13.1% 26.3% 22.9% 92% 1850 1860 62,367 22.9% 1980 357,870 80.3% The rhythm of travelling−22.7% over the 132% canal greatly influenced80.3% the urbaniThis flourishing economy made it11.3% possible to fully 50.5% recover the ini1840 1870 69,422 1990 328,123 −8.3% 67.3% 39.3% 110% 55.3% 1880 90,758 dollars 30.7% sation patterns in the upstate tial investment of 7 million for the construction of the ca1830 2000 292,648 −10.8%region _of NY; cities sprouted where ships + 1890 94,923 had to2008* wait 270,919 inside locks,−7.4% slowing down the flow of goods and people, nal within merely 8 years. When4.6% this flow of transaction carried 1900 94,151 −0.8% and therefore providing an ideal location for economical transactions. by the Erie Canal slowed down, 6.5% so did the development of these 1910 100,253 1920 of113,344 13.1% life took on a slower pace. cities and in many these locations 1930 127,412 12.4% $300,000

rome

Historical populations Year Pop. %± 1698 4,937 — 1712 5,840 18.3% 1723 7,248 24.1% 1737 10,664 47.1% 1746 11,717 9.9% 1756 13,046 11.3% 1771 21,863 67.6% 1790 33,131 51.5% 1800 60,515 82.7% 4.4% 1810 96,373 59.3% 9.4% 1820 123,706 28.4% 3.5% 1830 202,589 63.8% -10.4% 1840 312,710 54.4% 1.5% 1850 515,547 64.9% -1.4% 1860 813,669 57.8% 1870 942,292 15.8%rochester 1880 1,206,299 28.0% 1890 1,515,301 25.6% 1900 3,437,202 126.8% 1910 4,766,883 38.7% 1920 5,620,048 17.9% 1930 6,930,446 23.3% 1940 7,454,995 7.6% 1950 7,891,957 5.9% 1960 7,781,984 −1.4% 1970 7,894,862 1.5% 1980 7,071,639 −10.4% 1990 7,322,564 3.5% 2000 8,008,288 9.4% 2008* 8,363,710 4.4% New York

57.8%

.6

km

51.2% 103.5% 4.6% 17.4% 30.7% 91.7% 39.3% 11.3% 50.5% 22.9% Historical populations 22.9% 50.5% 11.3% Year Pop. %± 39.3% 30.7% 1790 3,498 4.6% — −0.8% 1800 5,289 51.2% 6.5% 13.1% 1810 10,762 103.5% 12.4% 1820 12,630 17.4%

56

.4

66

5,289 10,762 12,630 24,209 33,721 50,763 62,367 69,422 90,758 94,923 94,151 100,253 113,344 127,412 70.2%

Albany

80.3% 55.3%

2

53.1%

km

20.3% 26.3%

— 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930

Syracuse

80.3%

km

$0

New york

mile

.6

2

32.4%

.8

$50,000

900

uis tran

st.Lo

Albany

km

Rochester

29.4%

92

$450,000

st.louis

56

.4

km

$100,000

miles

Syracuse

Syracuse

.8

$500,000

-8.7% -2.1%

66

92

$400,000

-3.7%

70.2%

67.3%

km

$350,000

-6.3% -10.1% -13.7%

Rochester

Buffalo

$250,000

fe trans

new orleans

49.8% 43.2%

6.0

$300,000

santa

santa fe

1950 332,488 2.3% -7.0% 1960 318,611 −4.2% -4.2% 1970 296,233 −7.0% 1980 241,741 −18.4% 1990 231,636 −4.2% 2000 219,773 −5.1% ``2008* 206,886 −5.9%

-8.2%

13

$200,000

s tra

t 120

Rochester

-13.1%

2

$150,000

erie canal

sect

ect 1750

iles

go transe

sandia

1700

s

erie canal

new orleans ct 2500m

_ +

km

1830

2600miles

sandiago

New york

Historical populations Year Pop. %± 1790 3,498 Historical populations — Historical populations 1800 5,289 51.2% Year Pop. Year%±Pop. %± 1810 10,762 103.5% 1790 3,498 1698 4,937 — 1820 12,630 17.4% 1712 5,840 18.3% — 1830 24,209 91.7% 1723 7,248 24.1% 1800 5,289 51.2% 1840 33,721 39.3% 1737 10,664 47.1% 103.5% 1850 50,763 50.5% 1810 10,762 1746 11,717 9.9% 1860 62,367 22.9% 1820 12,630 17.4% 1756 13,046 11.3% 1870 69,422 11.3% 1830 24,209 1771 21,863 67.6% 91.7% 1880 90,758 30.7% 1790 33,131 51.5% 1840 33,721 39.3% 1890 94,923 4.6% 1800 60,515 82.7% -1.6% 4.4% 50.5% 1900 94,151 −0.8% 1850 50,763 1810 96,373 59.3% 9.4% -5.4% 62,367 22.9% 1910 100,253 6.5% 1860 1820 123,706 28.4% 3.5% -0.6% 1920 113,344 13.1% 1870 69,422 11.3% 1830 202,589 63.8% -10.4% 1930 127,412 12.4% -12.1% 1840 312,710 54.4% 1880 90,758 30.7% 1940 130,577 2.5% -10.7% 1850 515,547 64.9% 94,923 1.5% 4.6% 1950 134,995 3.4% 1890 -6.3% -3.9% -1.4% -1.6%57.8% 1860 813,669 −0.8% 1960 129,726 −3.9% 1900 94,151 1870 942,292 -5.4%15.8% -10.1% 1970 115,781 −10.7%1910 100,253 6.5% 1880 1,206,299 28.0% -13.7% 1980 101,727 −12.1%1920 113,344 1890 1,515,301-0.6%25.6% 13.1% 1990 101,082 −0.6% 3,437,202 -3.7% -12.1%126.8% 1930 127,412 190012.4% 2000 95,658 −5.4% 1910 4,766,883 38.7% 2.5% -8.7% -10.7%17.9% 2007* 94,172 −1.6% 1940 130,577 1920 5,620,048 1950 134,995 19303.4% -2.1% 6,930,446-3.9%23.3% 1960 129,726 1940−3.9% 7,454,995 7.6% 7,891,957 5.9% 1970 115,781 1950−10.7% 7,781,984 −1.4% 1980 101,727 1960−12.1% 1970 7,894,862 1.5% 1990 101,082 1980−0.6% 7,071,639 −10.4% 2000 95,658 −5.4% 1990 7,322,564 3.5% Historical populations 2000 8,008,288 9.4% 2007* 94,172 −1.6% Year Pop. %± 2008* 8,363,710 4.4% 1790 3,498 1790

2

Historical populations Year Pop. %± 1830 8,668 — 1840 18,213 110.1% 1850 42,261 132.0% 1860 81,129 92.0% 1870 117,714 45.1% 1880 155,134 31.8% Historical populations 1890 255,664 64.8% Year Pop. %± 1900 352,387 37.8% 1830 423,715 8,668 1910 20.2% — 506,775 1920 19.6% 1930 1840 573,076 18,213 13.1%110.1% 64.8% 1940 1850 575,901 42,261 0.5% 132.0% 31.8% 1950 580,132 0.7% 1860 81,129 −8.2%92.0%45.1% 1960 532,759 1870 462,768 117,714 −13.1% 45.1% 92% 1970 1880 357,870 155,134 −22.7% 31.8%132% 1980 1990 1890 328,123 255,664 −8.3%64.8%110% 2000 292,648 1900 352,387 −10.8% 37.8% _ + 2008* 270,919 −7.4%

1800

iles

ns

-13.1%

_ +

6.0 13

1840

t 2500m

miles

Buffalo

1860

st.Lo

es

is transe

st.Lou

Buffalo

1850

New york

mile

foet calstopect 900 uis trans transec

orle

1970

2008 1960

2

Albany

1700

s

erie canal

new

-8.3% -22.7%

2000 1950

1870

st.louis

0 mil

ct 900

miles

st.louis

orle

-7.4% -10.8%

1980

1890

miles

sec

1750

tran

t 120 sec

fe transect

new

2008

1880

fe transe

Historical populations Year Pop. %± 1840 20,191 — Historical populations 1850 36,403 80.3% Year Pop. %± 1860 48,204 32.4% 1870 62,386 29.4% 1840 20,191 1880 89,366 43.2% — 1890 133,896 49.8% 1850 36,403 80.3% 1900 162,608 21.4% 1860 -5.9% 48,204 32.4% 1910 218,149 34.2% 1870 -5.1% 62,386 29.4% 1920 295,750 35.6% 1930 328,132 10.9% 1880 -4.2% 89,366 43.2% 1940 324,975 −1.0% -18.4% 1890 133,896 49.8% 1950 332,488 2.3% -7.0% 1900 162,608 21.4% 1960 318,611 −4.2% -7.4% -5.9% 1910 -4.2% 218,149 34.2% 1970 296,233 −7.0% -10.8% -5.1% 1980 241,741 −18.4% 1920 295,750 35.6% 1990 231,636 −4.2% -8.3% 1930 328,132 10.9% -4.2% 2000 219,773 −5.1% 1940 324,975 −1.0% -22.7% -18.4% ``2008* 206,886 −5.9% new orleans

1990

1950

sandiago

santa

len

1700

t 2500m

santa fe

or

new

Rochester santa

ns

tran

santa fe

2000

1970

ct 1750

iles

sandiag

New york

New Amsterdam

new orleans

1960

1810-40

es

ns

miles

0 mil

is transe

st.Lou

es

ct 900

st.louis

1980

2500mil

o transec

1790

new orleans

new orleans

New Amsterdam

1990

transect

miles

w

t 900

orle

ns orle new

1700

1700

ne

transec st.Louis

s

miles

st.louis

0 mile

1750

120

fe transect

sect

santa

tran

120 sect

santa fe

2600miles

1800

New york

New Amsterdam

miles

s

t 900

0 mile

transec st.Louis

tran

st.louis

foet calstop

1790 1700

1790

New Amsterdam

tra

1700 1700

lens

1790

lake/river trade post pop. <1,000

Erie Canal development pop. 2,400

Barge Canal development pop. 506,775

the ‘rust-belt’ a region formerly known for its manufacturing industries now characterized by shrinking population numbers

the ‘rust-belt’ a region formerly known for its manufacturing industries now characterized by shrinking population numbers 4

Urban growth in buffalo rust belt cites after implmentiation of Erie canal

canal relic shrinking city? pop. 292,648 8.22% vacant

Design Studio Spring 2010 I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU 2009-2010 I KULeuven Belgium

The rhythm of travelling over the canal greatly influenced the urbanisation patterns in the upstate region of NY; cities sprouted where ships had to wait inside locks, slowing down the flow of goods and people, and therefore providing an ideal location for economical transactions.

This flourishing economy made it possible to fully recover the initial investment of 7 million dollars for the construction of the canal within merely 8 years. When this flow of transaction carried by the Erie Canal slowed down, so did the development of these

lake/river trade post pop. <1,000

Erie Canal development pop. 2,400

5

Barge Canal development pop. 506,775

tion of its fast uld extend gical rhythm.

pace of development, we argue that the plan for the Great Lakes Mega-region and the HST should extend over the national borders to Canada, as it is equally part of the Great Lakes economic and ecological rhythm.

In the current trend of globalization, the creation of strong transnational regions and providing fluid connectivity is crucial to drawing and facilitating flows of transaction. This idea of megaregions changes our perspective on upstate New York completely. The east with New York City as its main node is part of the East Coast Mega-region; in the west Buffalo is envisioned as the new gateway to the Great Lakes Mega-region, whereas the rest of the hinterland is turned into an “in-between” space. On the other hand one of the major cyclical processes affecting both megaregions and the hinterlands are the seasonal changes with cycles of freezing winters and warm comfortable summers. Adapting to these natural processes has been one of the assets of the region and continuing to do so will be crucial in its sustained development. The current regional dynamics areofoften seen as ‘problematic’ ‘useless’ at best. area But has ourextended researchacross position argues that The fast process suburbanisation in the Greater or Buffalo metropolitan the Canadian border these “terrains vagues” can a critical rolethe in cities mediating between fast processes of the development towards the metropolitan area ofplay Toronto.

Together, of Toronto and Buffalo could become new commerand cycles of Mega-region. change. To advance this investigation, we have selected two cial andslower culturalprocesses gateway to and the Great Lakes Slightly adjusting the proposed high-speed rail connection for the region would facilitate this global vision and partnership. sites: one situated in Buffalo, an important node in a global network of competing mega-regions, and one in the Mohawk Valley, the hinterland “in-between”.

towards the metro cial and cultural ga for the region wou

Buffalo used to be one of the main commercial nodes and distribution ports for goods going to and coming Proposed HST connectivity network from New York City via the Erie Canal.

Its industrial activities were mainly located around the Buffalo River, which acted as an extension of the Canal. Therefore it is currently also the location of many waste-spaces, disconnecting the suburbs (to the south of the river) from the shrinking city centre. Locating the new HST station just south of the Buffalo River, close to the waterfront, will not only connect the city of Buffalo to the global network, but the proposed development could also generate a new impulse in this part of the city. 4. These waste-spaces are the result of the rhythm of industrialisation and deindustrialisation. But some of these industrial relics, caught in a pace of decay, still hold esthetical value and great potential for reuse.

27 But since the site is located in and around wetlands any future development should also take the critical slower processes of seasonal flooding and freezing into account, giving them room to happen and using them as assets if possible.. To be able to reintroduce a new urban pace in this location we not only need to connect it to the global network, but also reconnect it to the city centre. . Extending the existing mobility network and strategically placing new transportation nodes will help facilitating this.

ng to and coming he Buffalo River, y waste-spaces, dishe new HST station ffalo to the global the city. 4. These ome of these induse.

Buffalo used to be one of the main commercial nodes and distribution ports for goods going to and coming from New York City via the Erie Canal. Its industrial activities were mainly located around the Buffalo River, which acted as an extension of the Canal. Therefore it is also the location of many dross spaces, disconnecting the suburbs (to the south of the river) from the shrinking city centre. The process of suburbanisation in the Greater Buffalo metropolitan area has extended across the Canadian border towards the metropolitan area of Toronto. Together, the cities of Toronto and Buffalo could become the new commercial and cultural gateway to the Great Lakes Mega-region. Slightly adjusting the proposed high-speed rail connection for the region would facilitate this global vision and partnership. Locating the new HST station just south of the Buffalo River, close to the waterfront, will not only connect the city to the global network, but the proposed development could also generate a new impulse in this part of the city. But since the sites are located in and around wetlands any future development should also take the slower processes of seasonal flooding and freezing into account, giving them room to happen and using them as assets as possible. For example by providing alternative modes of transportation in different seasons, both fast and slow, adapting urban programs to the seasonal cycles and recycling old industrial infrastructures to facilitate this.

South Buffalo development proposal Ferry Stations Water Taxi Station Water Taxi Path Bicycle and pedesterian path Grain elevators Grain elevators

0

200

600

800

1000 m

ke the critical slower using them as ased to connect it ility network and

Proposed HST station

Wetland development

Water front development

Heritage

Commercial

Housing

Leisure

Retail

Winter Activities

Heritage

Winter Activities

Commercial

Retail

Leisure

Housing

Mixed-use Commercial Entertainment Retail Leisure Regional Transportation

Local Transportation Eco Tourism Mixed-use Housing

Social Housing

Educational Heritage Eco Tourism

Retail Winter Sports Entertainment Mixed-use Commercial Educational Global Transportation

Winter Sports

Low Density Housing

Tourist Accomodation Leisure Local Transportation

Eco Tourism

Winter Activities

Retail Leisure Housing

Commercial Heritage

Leisure Entertainment

Activating the site through adjusting the flow hubs

29

10.

The next collages show we can mediate between these different paces. By for example reinforcing them through shown here in the HST station.

10.

The nextconfrontation collages showaswe can mediate between these different paces. By for example reinforcing 11. through Or by recycling the industrial to facilitate a new urban cultural program along a pedestrian ecothem confrontation as shownheritage here in the HST station. trail consisting of reused rail tracks.

11.

Or by recycling the industrial heritage to facilitate a new urban cultural program along a pedestrian eco12. consisting The waterfront trail of reuseddevelopment rail tracks. is organised around the skyway (highway), which we downgraded and turned intowaterfront a linear park and providing a safe connection to the city (highway), centre for pedestrians and cyclists.and 12.

The development is organised around the skyway which we downgraded 13.

This last image shows the seasonal transformation and how this can influence the pace in the station turned into a linear park and providing a safe connection to the city centre for pedestrians and cyclists. development by shows drawing the water system in and using rhythm of change as the an asset.

13.

This lastarea image the seasonal transformation andits how this can influence pace in the station development area by drawing the water system in and using its rhythm of change as an asset.

The station

Buffalo Sky-way

Reprogramming the derelict raiway and silos

9 8

ave. annual snow fall stockpiles tall fescue

summer seeded brassicas

7 6

warm season grasses summer seeded brassicas

AVAILABILITY

The future development of the mega-regions is intertwined with the Mohawk Valley as a continuum of the same regional network and ecological corridor. Though bundles of infrastructure are packed together in this valley, this in-between condition is a sharp contrast from the character associated with mega city-regions. But the Mohawk Valley is emblematic of the nuanced patched development characterized by cultural landscape, dense vegetative masses and dramatic rolling hills that buffer the interior region of New York State from the accelerated urban conditions found in the port cities as New York City and Buffalo. The strategy for this area would be one of reorganizing the little development there is on the south-facing slope of the valley, outside the flood zone, together with the crop-yielding fields, while the pasture lands could be located on the north-facing slope. This process would be guided by adapting the existing water system. By widening the main river’s flood zone using the Erie Canal and existing infrastructures, and creating wetlands to slow down the fast runoff the seasonal flood problems downstream would be greatly decreased. On the slopes of the valley the landscape is organized by the creeks and the strips of woodland surrounding them.

Reinforcing this system by strategically adding forest patches, but on other places revealing the organizing water system by moving the forest further way.

3

kentucky blue grass improved

tall grasses 150 lb

legume

2

feb

mar

apr

may

1

ave. annual precipitation

kentucky blue grass unimproved

jan

5 4

0 in jun

aug

jul

sep

oct

nov

dec

MOHAWK VALLEY adapting a slower pace MOHAWKto VALLEY adapting to a slower pace Frost generally stays longer in the Mohawk Valley, lasting on average from mid November until beginning Aprilrendering part of This shift in pace brings us to theof Mohawk valley,this which in the esregion dormant during thiswe period . sence literally is emblematic of what identified as being a slowThe rate of characterized the water flow by also subtly affects the speed oflandscape the frost-ander pace, changing texthaw-cycle, as vegetative the fast flowing water rugged terrain tures, dense masses andin dramatic rollingfreezes hills later that and thaws faster. region of New York State from the accelerated urbuffer the interior

A direct consequence of this is the seasonally recurring problems of ice and continual swelling of thefrom Mohawk River posinginherited a seasonal Thejams Native American tribe of Mohawk which the Valley its threat to the settlements downstream. name were also known as the “Keepers of the Eastern Door”, as they pro-

tected their nation from invasions from that direction. We believe that To this reoccurring weagain propose toindirect enhance the existthisaddress area- secluded as it may problem be- is once under pressure ining wetlands the floodplain of the valleymega-regions segment between Littleside, duced by the in future development of these on either

ban conditions found in the port cities as New York City and Buffalo.

SPRING THAW SPRING THAW 2009 2009

ming ver, es, disstation obal These e indus-

April 20-30 April 20-30

April 10-20 April 10-20

Falls and St Johnsville, as a sample of the area. This intervention could be implemented in parallel rearrangement of settlement patsince it is a continuum of with the the same regional network and ecologiterns in the valley, as isbundles shown inofthe sequence of valley sections below, cal corridor.

Though infrastructure are packed together by properly programming it and moving crop-yielding in this valley, this area acts mainly as asettlements corridor of and flows (both literfields further uphill on and the south facing aside of the valley ally and figuratively) thus offers condition which is in sharp

and dedicating the north facing one mainly to a less demanding productive Mohawklandscape. valley is also characterised by its long and harsh win-

ters, which in combination with its rugged terrain and inaccessibility gives the area its slow paced dynamics, highly regulated by cyclical natural processes to which it is continually exposed.

contrast from the character associated with mega city-regions April 20-30 April 30-May 10 April 20-30 April 30-May 10

May 10-20 May 10-20

black river black river

after May 30 after May 30

May 10-20 May 10-20

May 20-30 May 20-30 upper hudson river upper hudson river

ROCHESTER ROCHESTER

April 10-20 April 10-20

lake champlain lake champlain

ROME ROME

lake ontario tributaries lake ontario tributaries

UTHICA UTHICA

SYRACUSE SYRACUSE

BUFFALO BUFFALO

April 20-30 April 20-30

Mohawk river Mohawk river

niagra falls/lake erie niagra falls/lake erie

SCHENECTADY SCHENECTADY

oswego river/finger lakes oswego river/finger lakes

TROY TROY ALBANY ALBANY

genesse river genesse river susquehanna river susquehanna river chemung river chemung river

lower hudson river lower hudson river 0

5

15

0

5

15

31

an area subject to cyclical micro climatic conditions 18

16

secluded despite abundance of infrastructure

Design Studio Spring 2010 I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU 2009-2010 I KULeuven Belgium

19

Design Studio Spring 2010 I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU 2009-2010 I KULeuven Belgium

17

of how we propose to slow down er fluctuation, by letting the river of howland we propose to slow down ulture temporarily increasing er fluctuation, by letting the xisting infrastructures in this river valulture land temporarily increasing e of this widened floodplain.

This xisting infrastructures in this valthe water flow and thereby reduce of this widened This ownstream of the floodplain.

Mohawk River. the water flow and thereby reducownstream theadd Mohawk River. ater strategy-ofwe a second ab-

120 feet 108 96 84 72 60 48 36 24

A

12 0

120 feet 108 96 84 72 60 48 36 24 12

B

p slopes and along the creeks feedater strategywe addcould a second abin strategic locations contribpntslopes and along the creeks feedof existing ecological corridors. in strategic locations could contribe of this particular area, containing nt of existing corridors. tions, changingecological at their own pace, eom of creeks this particular to forestarea, andcontaining wetlands, tions, changing at their own pace, nly linked to agricultural activities. om creeks to forest and wetlands, nly linked to agricultural activities.

0

120 feet 108 96 84 72 60 48 36 24

C

12 0

1

Valley cross section study 120 feet 108 84 72 60

Valley cross section study

D

Mohawk Valley

1

96

48

Little Falls - Saint Johnsville

36 24 12 0

Mohawk Valley

Little Falls - Saint Johnsville

96

A

84 72 60 48 36

Small urban node

2

120 feet 108

24 12

E

0

2

A

3

1

3

1

located in anarrow steep corridor, developed near lock, subject to seasonal flooding Small urban node located in anarrow steep corridor, developed near lock, Wetlands subject to seasonal flood flooding located in Mohawk zone, ecological value, slows down river run-off Wetlands located in Mohawk flood zone, Little Falls - Saint Johnsville ecological value,land Agricultural slows river run-off mostlydown pasture land, farmland developed on milder slopes, Little Falls - Saint Johnsville greatly affecting run-off Agricultural land creek land, mostly pasture Small urban node developed on milder slopes, Forest located in anarrow steep corridor, greatly locatedaffecting on steep run-off slopes, developed near lock, mostly along creeks, Small urban node subject to seasonal slows down run-off flooding Forest located in anarrow steep corridor, located on steep slopes, developed lock, mostly alongnear creeks, Wetlands subject to seasonal flooding slows down run-off flood located in Mohawk zone,

2

Mohawk Valley

MOHAWK VALLEY adapting to a slower pace

2

farmland

Agriculture has been one of the most important activities in the Mohawk Valley ever since people started inhabiting the area.

Even today it is the main occupations of its inhabitants, but the locally slower pace of agriculture is under pressure of accelerated conditions in the mega-regions as mentioned before The pace of the local agricultural facilities follows the cyclical processes of the seasons. This graph represents how these processes affect the growth and distribution of various kinds of pasture grasses. Since the economy of the valley is highly dependent on pasture based animal rearing practices and dairy-farming consideration of these processes is of paramount importance.

west Canada lake

Our intervention on this scale consists of the implementation of the earlier proposed densification of the existing forest patches along the creeks, and also use it to mediate between this ecological intervention and the little development there. Small wooden cabins could exist within these forests, but they will focus on the experience instead of ownership. On the other hand we try to adapt the local agriculture to the current pace of development to be able to sustain their pace of living. By promoting and facilitating agro-tourism for people that want to take it slower, by constructing terraces and smaller parcels to facilitate this and suggest a more sustainable use of soils and water.

woodland 0

100

woodland

200

woodland

farmland

west Canada lake

woodland

B

creek

west Canada lake

west Canada lake

woodland

woodland

woodland

woodland

woodland

wetland area

woodland

wetland area

creek

e

e

ee

ee

e

e e ee ee ee

e

jun

jul

aug

AVAILABILITY

1 4

4

farmland

100

200

creek

500 m

creek

ee

ee

resized and terraced agricultural plots

ee

ee ee

ee

resized and terraced agricultural plots

farmland

west Canada lake

sep

farmland

crops

crops

west Canada lake

woodland

AVAILABILITY

4

kentucky blue grass improved

tall grasses 150 lb

0.00

infiltration

0.00

higher surface run off

infiltration

jan

feb

mar

apr

may

e ee

crops

crops

crops

1.60

crops

wood land

irrigation channel

0 0

1 1

aug

2 2

sep

0.00

infiltration

0.00

1

3

2

1

1

3

4 km

ee

3 3

nov

4 km 4 km

dec

2

1

ee

ee

e

3

raised foot path

wet dry

4 km

wet dry

run off

wet dry

wet dry

ee

ee

ee ee

ee

foot path crops foot path

crops

run off

irrigation channel 0.00

crops crops

1.60

irrigation channel

1.60

0.00

infiltration

infiltration

infiltration

foot path

infiltration

23

infiltration

crops foot path

raised foot path

run off

wet dry

ee

resized and terraced agricultural plots

resized and terraced agricultural plots

4 km

infiltration

wet dry

raised foot path

ee 3

e

creek

creek

higher surface run off

Pature land

Pature land

raised foot path

wet dry

2

e

e e ee 0

2

oct

farmland

farmland

ee ee

e

wooded wetland

wooded wetland

e

infiltration

irrigation channel

Design Studio Spring 2010 0 in I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU 2009-2010 I KULeuven Belgium jul

e

wood land

1.60

infiltration infiltration

ave. annual precipitation

jun

farmhouse

farmhouse

higher surface run off

increased percolation

foot path

5 4

0

pasture land

pasture land

increased percolation

creek

infiltration

foot path

summer seeded brassicas

0

wetland area

wetland area

creek

infiltration

6

kentucky blue grass unimproved

woodland

woodland

higher surface run off

irrigation channel

1.60

irrigation channel

infiltration

4

woodland

woodland

1.60

wet dry

mostly along creeks, Forest slows down run-off located on steep slopes, mostly along creeks, legume slows down run-off

woodland

foot path

crops

crops

infiltration

farmland

farmland

higher surface run off

0

infiltration

brassicas

seasonal land surface texture change patterns

run off

run off

wet dry

wet dry

kentucky blue grass unimproved

wet dry

22

wet dry

wet dry

may

farmhouse Small urban node

foot path

raised foot path

legume

farmhouse

farmhouse

higher surface run off

Pature land

Pature land

raised foot path

apr

pasture land

ee ee

e

wooded wetland

wooded wetland

e

warm season grasses

pasture land

increased percolation

increased percolation

wood land

mar

wetland area

pasture land

creek

e ee

feb

3

Mohawk Valley

1 4 located in anarrow steep C corridor, creek 4 developedhigher near lock, higher ecological value, surface run off MOHAWK VALLEY surface run off Mohawk Valley 1 Small urban node 2 creek increased percolation Wetlands subject to seasonal flooding slows down river run-off adapting to a slower pace Little Falls - Saint Johnsville located in anarrow steep C corridor, located in Mohawk flood zone, developed near lock, 4 km 3 area 2 value, 1ecological farmland west Canada lake woodland woodland woodland 0 wetland pasture land Mohawk Valley Wetlands 1 Small urban node 2 Agricultural land subject to seasonal flooding Little - Saint Johnsville Agriculture has been one of the most important activities in the Our intervention onFalls this scale consists of the implementation of the slows down river run-off located in Mohawk flood zone, located in anarrow steep corridor, mostly pasture land, Mohawk Valley ever since people started inhabiting the area. earlier proposed densification of the existing forest patches along the wood land wooded wetland Pature land resized and terraced agricultural plots ecological value, 4 km developed near lock, 3 slopes, 2 on milder 1developed 0 2 higher Valley Wetlands Even today it is the main occupations of its inhabitants, but Mohawk creeks, and also use it to mediate between this ecological interven-Small urban node higher 1 slows down river run-off 3 Agricultural land surface run off subject to seasonal flooding greatly affecting run-off surfaceflood run off zone, Little Falls - Saint Johnsville creek the locally slower pace of agriculture is under pressure of action and the little development there.

Small wooden cabins could exist located in Mohawk increased percolation located in anarrow steep corridor, mostly pasture land, celerated conditions in the mega-regions as mentioned before within these forests, but they will focus on the experience instead of ecological value, developed near lock, developed on milder slopes, 2 Agricultural land Small urban The pace of the local agricultural facilities follows the cyclical ownership.

On the other node hand we try to adapt the local Forest 1 agricultureWetlands slows down river run-off 3 subject towetland seasonal flooding greatly affecting run-off wood land wooded Pature land resized and terraced agricultural mostly pasture land,plots in anarrow steep corridor, processes of the seasons. This graph 9represents how these procto the located current pace of development to be able to sustain their pacelocated in Mohawk flood zone, located on steep slopes, farmland west Canada lake woodland developedwoodland woodland wetland area pasture land farmhouse on milder slopes, developed nearand lock, e ee ecological value, esses affect the growth and distribution of various kinds of pasof living.

By promoting facilitating agro-tourism for people that e e mostly along creeks, e 8 2 1 3 ave. annual snow fall Agricultural land Small urban node 4 e e Wetlands e greatly affecting run-off e e subject to seasonal flooding Forest ture grasses. Since the economy of the valley is highly dependwant to take it slower, by constructing river run-off e terraces and smaller parcels toslows down slows down run-off e e 7 mostly pasture land, located anarrow steep corridor,use of soils higher e ent on pasture based animal rearing practices and dairy-farming facilitate this andinsuggest a more sustainable and water.located in Mohawk flood zone, located on steep slopes, higher surface run off 6 developed on milder slopes, developed near lock, surface run off ecological value, creek mostly alongincreased consideration of these processes is of paramount importance. percolation creeks, Wetlands Forest 2 summer seeded 1 3 Agricultural land 4 greatly affecting run-off subject seasonal flooding 5 slows down river run-off brassicas proposed located forestto extention slows down run-off incover Mohawk flood zone,schemes located on steep slopes, mostly pasture land, 4 ecological value, mostly along creeks, developed on milder slopes, 2 4 3 Wetlands Forest 3 Agricultural down river run-off slows down run-off greatly affectingland run-off proposed slows forest extention located incover Mohawk flood zone,schemes located on steep slopes, 2 mostly pasture land, wood land wooded wetland Pature land resized and terraced agricul ecological value, mostly along creeks, developed on milder slopes, 1 2 4 Spring 2010 I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU0 2009-2010 Agricultural land ave. annual precipitation Design Studio I 2KULeuven 21 Forest 4 km 3 Belgium 1 3 slowsraised down slows down run-off footriver path run-off greatly affecting run-off mostly pasture land, located on steep slopes, 0 in foot path developed on milderraised slopes, mostly along creeks, oct nov dec 3 Agricultural 4 Design Studio Spring 2010 I MaHS-MaUSP-EMU I 2KULeuven 21resized and terraced agricultural plots Forest 3 Belgium 0 2009-2010 greatly affectingland run-off wood land wooded1wetland Pature land 4 km run off slows down run-off mostly pasture land, 9off located on steep slopes, run e ee ee wet developed on milder slopes, e 8 mostly along creeks, ave. annual snow fall wet dry 2 e ee 3 1 e 4 km 0 ee Forest dry 3 4 greatly affecting run-off e stockpiles tall fescue slows down run-off 7 warm season grasses on steep slopes, located infiltration summer seeded e e wood land

jan

3

Little Falls - Saint Johnsville

woodland

higher surface run off

tall grasses 150 lb

increased percolation

B

Mohawk Valley

woodland

higher surface run off

kentucky blue grass improved

Mohawk Valley

farmhouse

higher Little Falls - Saint Johnsville surface run off

Little Falls - Saint Johnsville

farmland

stockpiles tall fescue

pasture land

Mohawk Valley higher surface run off

farmland

summer seeded brassicas

wetland area

500 m

crops

crops

1.60

crops

run off

1.60

irrigation channel infiltration

irrigation channel 0.00

0.00

wet dry

infiltration infiltration

infiltration

Kortrijk Studio

Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Bruno De Meulder - Bieke Cattoor - Catherine Vilquin K.U Leuven Fall 2009

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Re-Calibrating the Multi -scaled City : Collectors and connectors as frames for re-scaling Location Kortrijk Belgium Theme Re imaganing the center

The euro region and the ladder system

North-South connections

Within the economic space of Euroregion, in which subregions and cities are positioning themselves, the re-organization of school and hospital sites in Kortrijk is taken as an opportunity to reconsider levels of agregration and specialization within the newly organizing school and health campuses. This ladderstructure of the region is exploited to induce the large scale and relate it to the local scale. Different spatial systems of built-open spaces (collectors (east-west orientation) and connectors (northsouth orientation) are identified and further articulated as frames for future urban development: envelops of landscape rooms with specific atmospheres, open space structures (galettes) with specific programs, step-stones of urban environments that link the new Kortrijk to its origins. . Crossing scales of the city allowed for an up-scaled vocabulary and hybrid tactics: municipal roofs/ canopies, the ribbon becomes a tissue, the street alters to a public space, the valley as the urban garden, the former railway yard as an event space, staircases and urban terraces as meeting points, â&#x20AC;Ś

The proposed open space structure

East-West connections

Proposed System of collectors

Proposed System of connectorsural

System of soft transportation connecting diffrent schools

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