METHODOLOGY
OBJECT 1
CURRENT PLANNING PRACTICE
CULTURAL DICHOTOMY
CONTINENTAL NETWORK
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9
INITIAL INTERPRETATION
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4
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5
REGIONAL NETWORK
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SITE CONDITIONS
FOOTPRINTS ANALYSIS
RURAL - URBAN INTERACTIONS
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECT “The origin of architecture is not the primitive hut, but the marking of ground, to establish a cosmic order around the surrounding chaos of nature”. - Vittorio Gregotti
TOLAS / TELLS PERSISTENT FOOTPRINTS
How can today’s archaeological findings about “Tola” formations provide guidelines to address urban design at a territorial scale?
Cultura Yumbo (Ecuador)
Tell Brak (Syria)
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECT
Valdivia, Coast (Ecuador)
Huapula, Sangay (Ecuador)
Tulipe, Quito (Ecuador)
current planning practice
DICHOTOMIZING OPPOSITIONS
WESTERN WORLD MODERN PROGRESS IS GROWTH ACCUMULATION MATERIALISTIC INDIVIDUAL OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND INDIVIDUALITY LINEAR REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTIONS PROFESSIONAL’S DECISION TRANSACTIONAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LOGICAL CODE
INDIAN WORLD NON-MODERN LIVELIHOOD SECURITY SPIRITUAL COLLECTIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LAND COMMUNITY AND COLLECTIVITY CYCLIC TURNS TO PERFORM SERVICES FOR THE COMMUNITY SEARCH FOR CONCENSUS RECIPROCAL ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY HOLISTIC AND SYMBOLIC CODE
Salman, Ton. “Andean Transversality: Identity Between Fixation and Flow.” Imaging the Andes: Shifting Margins of a Marginal World. By Anke Van Dan. Amsterdam: CEDLA, 2003. 15-39. Print.
ELEMENTS OF PERSISTENCE: CONTINENTAL SCALE
EQUATOR QUITO
QUITO
CUENCA
QUITO
CUENCA
CUZCO
CUENCA
CUZCO
LA PAZ
SANTIAGO
CUZCO
LA PAZ
SANTIAGO
LA PAZ
SANTIAGO
ELEMENTS OF PERSISTENCE: TERRITORIAL SCALE
ESMERALDAS
TONSUPA
SAN GABRIEL
IBARRA
QUININDE
CAYAMBE
LA INDEPENDENCIA
COCHASQUI TULIPE
Equator - (0)
RUMICUCHO
LOS BANCOS
LA CONCORDIA
CAYAMBE
CATEQUILLA
QUITO
SANTO DOMINGO
MACHACHI
Km 0
5
10
20
30
40
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT: TOLA NETWORK
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METROPOLITAN DISTRICT: CENTRALITIES
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NANEGAL
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TULIPE !
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NANEGALITO
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2.25
4.5
9
13.5
Km 18
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT: DEVELOPMENT AXES (NORTH)
OTAVALO
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MAQUI PUCUNA ! !! !
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NIEBLI
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NANEGALITO
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YUNGUILLA
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TULIPE
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COCHASQUI
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RUMICUCHO
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SAN ANTONIO
NONO
HISTORIC CENTER
LLOA
0
2.25
4.5
9
13.5
Km 18
WESTERN RURAL CENTRALITY
URBAN-RURAL RELATIONSHIPS
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Lat 0째
0
2.5
Large Centre
Propulsive Firms Concentration
Propulsive Firms Concentration
Gateway Model
6,000m 5,000m 4,000m 3,000m 2,000m 1,000m
Diffusion Model: Cultural Landscape
Growth Pole
Urban Land Use Model
5
10
15
Km 20
EQUATOR DYNAMICS
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Lat 0°
0
TOLAS YUMBO
6,000m 5,000m 4,000m 3,000m 2,000m 1,000m
CEREMONIAL CENTER POOLS
INCA FORTRESS “RUMICUCHO”
OBSERVATION CENTER CATEQUILLA
COCHASQUI PYRAMIDS
2.5
5
10
15
CAYAMBE TOLA
Km 20
EQUATOR DYNAMICS
Core-Periphery Linkage Model
2010 AD
John Friendmann (1966)
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Transitional Periphery
Core
Periphery
2 0
2.5
5
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15
Km 20
0
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10
15
Km 20
800 - 1660 AD
Industrial
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Post-Industrial
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YUMBO TERRITORY: EXPEDITION
YUMBO TERRITORY: CEREMONIAL CENTER
YUMBO TERRITORY: CULUNCOS
YUMBO TERRITORY: CULUNCOS
YUMBO TERRITORY: FOOTPRINTS
TOLA (ARTIFICIAL MOUNT)
CULUNCO (ANCIENT PATH)
CEREMONIAL POOLS
RIVER
CURRENT PRACTICE ON PRESERVATION
REGIONAL SCALE
LOCAL SCALE
YUMBO TERRITORY
ELEMENTS OF PERSISTENCE: LOCAL SCALE
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TULIPE
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SAN MIGUEL DE LOS BANCOS
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Equator - (0)
Km 0
1.25
2.5
5
7.5
10
ELEMENTS OF PERSISTENCE: TOWNS
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PACTO
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NANEGAL
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GUALEA
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NANEGALITO
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CURRENT CENTRALIZED SYSTEM " "
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RURAL PRODUCTIVITY
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FUTURE INVESTMENTS:
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1. Sewage System
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NANEGALITO
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4. Educational Facilities
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6. Tourism Infrastructure
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7. Protected Areas Maintenance
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2. Garbage Collection 3. Parks and recreational spaces
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8. Irrigation Infrastructure
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9. Artisanal Mining
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0
0.5
1
2
3
4
Km
SPATIAL INTERPOLATION
INITIAL INTERPRETATION FUTURE CITY INVESTMENTS: 1. Sewage System 2. Garbage Collection 3. Parks and recreational spaces 4. Educational Facilities
NATIONAL ARCHEOLOGICAL PARK
5. Cultural Facilities
1. Site Museums
6. Tourism Infrastructure
2. Gathering Spaces
7. Protected Areas Maintenance
3. Markets
8. Irrigation Infrastructure
4. Parks and recreational spaces
9. Artisanal Mining
5. Educational Facilities 6. Protected Areas Maintenance
NETWORK Roads Ancient Paths Touristic Trails Waterways/ Rivers
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION INCENTIVES 1. Irrigation Infrastructure 2. Storage Areas
OBJECTS Repetition Object as Infrastructure (Platform) Symbolic Referents to create a Local Identity Aid in navigating the space
TOWN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 1. Parcelations 2. Public Spaces 3. Schools 4. Churches 5. Playing Fields
VALUES
TOLA NETWORK CODE
1. SPREAD HOMOGENEOUSLY ACROSS THE
1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS
TERRITORY
2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL
2. CONNECTIVITY THROUGH A SYSTEM OF PATHS
3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE)
3. ORGANIZATION ALONG MOUNTAIN RIDGES
4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES
(VISUAL RELATIONSHIPS) 4. NETWORK OF CLUSTERS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES 5. DIMENSIONS DETERMINE HIERACHICAL DIFFERENCES 6. PLATFORMS ACT AS THE MOST ESSENTIAL FORM OF INFRASTRUCTURE 7. SEQUENCE OF FLAT GROUNDS 8. ELEVATED GROUND OVER THE FOG LEVEL 9. VISUAL RELATIONSHIPS ACROSS MOUNTAIN RIDGES
5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING + PARK STRUCTURE GUIDELINES PARK AREA, TOWN STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVE LAND
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: STOP FURTHER EROSION OF THE FOREST
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK STRUCTURE
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: AGRICULTURE LAND/ CLUSTERS
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: INCENTIVATE TOWN DEVELOPMENT ALONG MOUNTAIN RIDGES
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: IMPLEMENT AN ADDITIONAL PEDESTRIAN PATH SYSTEM
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ZONING: INCENTIVATE PARK ENTRANCES AS SPACES FOR COMMERCE AND CULTURE
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
PLACEMENT + DESIGN GUIDELINES PARK AREA, TOWN STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVE LAND
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
AGRICULTURE
CULUNCO
TOLAS
SCHOOL
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
CHURCH
main road
SOCCER FIELD
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
RESERVOIR
UTILITIES CAMPING AREA
POOLS REST AREA RESERVOIR
MARKET
AMPHITHEATRE
RECEPTION
RESERVOIR
MARKET RECREATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE FIELD
1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE)
SCHOOL
4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
UTILITIES
RESERVOIR
UTILITIES CAMPING AREA
POOLS REST AREA RESERVOIR
MARKET
AMPHITHEATRE
RECEPTION
RESERVOIR
MARKET RECREATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE FIELD
1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE)
SCHOOL
4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
UTILITIES
RESERVOIR
UTILITIES CAMPING AREA
POOLS REST AREA RESERVOIR
MARKET
AMPHITHEATRE
RECEPTION
RESERVOIR
MARKET RECREATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE FIELD
1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE)
SCHOOL
4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
UTILITIES
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
TOLA NETWORK CODE 1. IDENTIFY HISTORIC ELEMENTS 2. ERODED LAND AND FOREST CONTROL 3. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITY CLUSTERS (VALUE) 4. FOLLOW MOUNTAIN RIDGES 5. FORM CLUSTERS WITH PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE 6. DEFINE VISUAL/FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 7. CONNECT SPACES WITH A SYSTEM OF PATHS 8. REINTERPRET PLATFORMS AS A FORM OF GROUND ACTIVATION
ACTIVATING THE GROUND
PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE TYPOLOGIES
PLATFORM TYPOLOGIES
AMPHITHEATRE 1400 m2
MARKET 1200 m2
POOLS / WATER COLLECTION 1000 m2
CAMPING SITE 800 m2
INFORMATION CENTER 400 m2
REST AREAS 180 m2
SITE CONDITIONS
HISTORIC NETWORK
VIEW TO THE ANDES
PERSISTENT FOOTPRINTS TOLAS - ABANDONED EARTH MOUNDS
PERSISTENT STRATEGIES/ TOLA CODE THE ORGANIZATION, PLACEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION LOGICS HAVE ALLOWED THESE ELEMENTS TO PERSIST AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CLIMATE AND THE URBANIZATION PROCESS.
RURAL CENTRALITY THIS CODE DEMONSTRATES HOW DESCENTRALIZATION AND STRATEGIC DENSIFICATION IS A MUCH MORE EFFICIENT WAY TO OCCUPY THE LAND IN THE COMPLEXITY OF THE ANDEAN TERRITORY. CULTURAL DICHOTOMY THE CURRENT URBANIZATION PROCESS IS A RESULT OF A DIALECTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURES AND BOTH SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO DEFINE THE SET OF VALUES TO BE ENFORCED WITH ANY URBAN DESIGN PROPOSAL.
“THE STONES UNDERGROUND WILL REMAIN THERE REGARDLESS, SO THE VALUE IN RESTORING THEM IS NOT IN THE STONES, BUT IN HOW PEOPLE’S LIVES ARE IMPROVED AS A RESULT.” - HOLGUER JARA
THANK YOU HASHIM JOAN HOLGUER ANA GREG MANUEL HERNAN ALVARO MAPI