PEG / Vertical: Mix Use Tower Atlas
Longyearbyen
!
!
Nuuk
Reykjavik
!
Torshavn
!
Oslo
Stockholm
!
Helsinki
Tallinn
!
!
!
!
Copenhagen
Riga
!
Vilnius
!
Dublin !
!
!
!
!
Brussels
Paris
!
Vienna ! Budapest Bratislava! !
Bern !Vaduz
!
!
! !
!
Belgrade ! Sarajevo ! Podgorica Sofia
San Marino
Monaco
!
Andorra La Valla
Rome
!
Ashgabat
Valletta
Dwb
Dwa
Dwb
Dfb
P'yongyang
!
Dushanbe Dwa
Bsk
Cwa
Dwa
Tripoli
!
Seoul
Dwa
Dfb
!
Beirut ! !Damascus JerusalemAmman
Kabul
!
Baghdad
Cwb
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Dfc
Dfa
!
!
Tehran
Nicosia
!
Cwa
Tokyo
!
Cwa Cfa
Islamabad
Cfa
!
!
Bwh
Bsh
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
! !
Cfa
Cairo
Kuwait
!
Bwh
!
Bwh
Bsh
Cwa
New Delhi
!
Manama Doha
Cwb
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cfa
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Kathmandu Thimphu
!
!
Dwb
!
!
!
Dwb
!
Rabat
Hamilton
Dwa
Beijing
!
!
!
Tunis
Dwa
!
Baku
Yerevan
Ankara
!
Dwb
Dfb
Tashkent
!
!
Algiers
Dwb
Bishkek
Athens
!
Dwb
!
T'Bilisi
Tirana
Lisbon
Dwa
Bucharest
!
Gibraltar
Ulaanbaatar
!
!
!
Madrid
!
!
!
Chisinau
!
LjubljanaZagreb !
Ottawa
Washington D.C.
!
!
!
!
Astana
Kyiv
!
!
!
!
!
!
Prague
Luxembourg
Saint-Pierre
!
Warsaw
!
! !
St. Peter PortSt. Helier
Berlin
Amsterdam
London
Moscow
!
Minsk
!
Bwh
Bsh
Csa
Csa
Csa
Cwa
Csa
Bsh
Bsh
As
As
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Cwb
Cwa
Cwb
Cwb
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Cwa
Cfa
Cwa
!
Nassau
Riyadh
!
!
Abu Dhabi
!
Havana
Muscat
!
Dhaka
! Cwa
Cfb
!
!
Mexico City
George Town
!
!
Belmopan
!
Kingston
Grand Turk
Santo DomingoSan Juan ! ! !! ! Port-au-Prince !Road Town
Guatemala ! San Salvador!Tegucigalpa !
Managua
!
!
! !
Aw
Aw
Am
Bsh
Bsh
Aw
Aw
Am
!
!
Aw
Aw
Cwa
Am
Aw
Aw
!
Am
Aw
Aw
Aw
Rangoon
Am
Aw
Vientiane Af
!
Praia
!
Khartoum
Dakar
!
Banjul
Bamako
Bissau
!
!
Niamey ! Ouagadougou
Aw
Ndjamena
Djibouti
!
Aw
Bangkok
Abuja
!
!
Georgetown Paramaribo !
Bogota
!
!
Aw
Hagatna
!
Aw
Phnom Penh
Am
Aw
!
!
!
Addis Ababa
Am
Am
Am
!
!
Saipan
Manila
Cwa
Am
!
Conakry Freetown
Panama
!
!
Sanaa !
!
Port of Spain
Asmara
!
!
!
Caracas
San Jose
!
Aw
Nouakchott
!
! Plymouth ! Basseterre! ! Roseau Basse-Terre! ! Castries Kingstown! Bridgetown ! ! OranjestadWillemstad Saint George's !
!
Aw
Hanoi
Af
!
Yamoussoukro
Monrovia
!
Accra!
Cayenne
Colombo
Lome !
!
Am
!
!
Bangui
Malabo!Yaounde
Majuro
Palikir
!
!
!
Kuala Lumpur
!
Mogadishu
!
!
!
Kampala
Kigali
Tarawa
Singapore
!
Sao Tome ! Libreville
!
!
!
Bandar Seri Begawan
!
Quito
Koror
!
!
Nairobi
!
Yaren
!
Bujumbura
!
BrazzavilleKinshasa !
!
!
Victoria
Dar es Salaam
!
Jakarta Dili
Luanda
!
!
!
The Settlement
!
Mata-Utu
!
!
!
Apia !Pago Pago
!
!
West Island
!
Lilongwe
!
!
Papeete
Brasilia
La Paz
Jamestown
!
!
!
Port Vila
Harare
!
Alofi
!
Avarua
Suva
!
Antananarivo
!
!
Nuku' alofa
Funafuti
Honiara
Lusaka
!
!
!
!
Moroni Mamoutzou
Lima
Port Moresby
Port Louis Saint-Denis!
!
Noumea
!
!
Windhoek
!
Adamstown
Gaborone Pretoria ! Mbabane!Maputo
Asuncion
!
!
!
!
Cfa
Kingston
Maseru
!
!
Santiago
Cfb
!
Buenos AiresMontevideo !
Canberra
!
!
Cfb
1.25
Wellington
!
Stanley
!
SHAPE
CORRUGATION
The Mix Use Tower Altas
(1200 m2 residential floorplate)
In the dichotomy of field and figure, the tower is the consummate figure, its autonomy is a product of its stature, its expressiveness is dependent on its singularity as an object. Yet it is still embedded in a field
1.05
whose forces can be rejected or embraced. The tower, both due to its inherent figural qualities as well as the
RECTANGLE
CIRCLE area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 110 m facade ratio: 0.34
Office Scale
Residential Scale
SQUARE area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 139 m facade ratio: 0.38
TRIANGLE area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 158 m facade ratio: 0.43
RECTANGLE area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 156 m facade ratio: 0.43
economic and political regimes that have historically served as its patron, tends to reject the field conditions of its locality, opposing or ignoring the generative opportunities locality offers. The Residential Tower Atlas takes a global approach to the local, taking the worldwide field of climate, and setting parameters for introducing a figure -the tower- that responds to local conditions.
Facade Ratio = 0.9
We begin by defining the field from which the tower is derived. Global variations in climate are registered using the Koppen climate classification system, which breaks down biomes into climate zones based on temperature, humidity, and seasonal dynamics, whether a winter is cold or rainy, whether a summer is wet or
0.85
CIRCLE
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 193 m facade ratio: 0.53
SQUARE
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 205 m facade ratio: 0.56
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 215 m facade ratio: 0.59
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 215 m facade ratio: 0.59
dry, or whether there are any seasonal variations at all. Our first order of investigation was to establish whether conventional assumptions concerning the thermal performance of surface area to volume ratios hold up to scrutiny. We ran simple extruded envelopes containsurface area to volume ratio out-performed other shapes in extreme climates. Taking this into account we established a variable building footprint that can alter its shape between
Facade Ratio = 0.6
Residential - Facade Ratio Practicality Range
0.65
four geometric primitives: the circle, the triangle, the square, and the rectangle as well as take on intermediate forms. Based on our initial study of surface to volume thermal performance we then deployed variations of this footprint over the Atlas. Note that there are places where the circle prevails, and places where all four exist, and area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 257 m facade ratio: 0.71
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 265 m facade ratio: 0.73
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 268 m facade ratio: 0.74
area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 268 m facade ratio: 0.74
conditions in between. This continuum is dependent on the discrepancy in their respective performance. In the vast majority of the inhabited parts of earth, the four primitives are reasonably close to one another in thermal performance, as climates become extreme differences become more pronounced.
TRIANGLE
The second evaluation expands the continuum by introducing corrugation to the primitives, transforming their shape along vectors that maintain their radiality. We reanalyzed the primitives with increasing degrees of corrugation and established a coefficient to drive a parametric model. This coefficient was derived from the proportion of thermal transmittance, losses and gains, attributable to envelope shape, after zeroing
Office - Facade Ratio Practicality Range
FACADE RATIO
ing a given volume through environmental analysis software and concluded that, in fact, the circle with its low
0.45
out all other factors. The resulting corrugated primitives are then deployed by climate zone and latitude. STAR area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 278 m facade ratio: 0.76 Rectangle (1:10)
Star
CROSS area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 284 m facade ratio: 0.78
Y area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 285 m facade ratio: 0.78
SLAB area: 1200 m2 perimeter: 285 m facade ratio: 0.78
Cross (2/5, 1/5, 2/5) Y Tower
Cross (1/3, 1/3, 1/3)
Rectangle (1:5)
Facade Ratio = 0.3
Triangle Square
Circle
0.25 global population density
Facade Ratio = 0.2
0.0
1000.0
2000.0
3000.0
4000.0
5000.0
FOOTPRINT (m2)
6000.0
7000.0
8000.0
9000.0
10000.0
Köppen climate classification