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Κριτικό Σημείωμα GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Ελένη Αν.Gentrification ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ: Concerns «Το ειδικό καθεστώς οικονομικών δραστηριοτήτων του
Ελληνικού Κράτους σε Χώρες των Βαλκανίων: By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Θεωρητικές προσεγγίσεις και εμπειρικοί προσανατολισμοί»
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Έκδοση Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης, Student of the School of Architecture ISBN: 978-618-83866-0-0Technical University of Crete
Αθήναι, 2018
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek Τηςphilosopher, Δόκτορος Βασιλικής ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherΕπίκουρης wise heritage he left us, he established aΠανεπιστημίου great the Καθηγήτριας του Παντείου Κ.Π.Ε. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Αναπλ.ofΚαθ. Σ.Α.Ε.Α. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Εντε. Διδ. Ε.Κ.Δ.Δ.Α. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Σε μια περίοδο δυσμενούς οικονομικής συγκυρίας για την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Ελλάδα, η of Συγγραφέας κυρία Ελένη ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ και Διδάσκουσα the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherΔιπλωματία consequencesστο has, results also rising του of land prices (and theof Οικονομική Πανεπιστήμιο Λουξεμβούργου whatever other consequences rising of για land prices (and the potential relative speculation). επιχειρεί με το έργο της, has, να results δώσει also έμπνευση μια επιτυχή potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first inφορέων, the UK inτόσο early στα 1960sΒαλκάνια and it refers to εξωστρέφεια δημόσιων isκαι ιδιωτικών υπό The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τις εξέλιξη τρέχουσες γεωπολιτικές όσο και αλλού, theσε then observed trend wealthy sometimes peopleκαταστάσεις, to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof αντλώντας χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα από την μελέτη της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldΕλληνικής residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οικονομικής με χώρες της Βαλκανικής κατά Ruth την being indirectlyσυνεργασίας “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist εικοσαετία -period, 2010. A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the1990 same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Παρά την οικονομική που βιώνει η Ελλάδα για μία cities in Western countries, by other κρίση Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars andέναν for itsδιεθνή more δεκαετία, η οικονομία της χώρας οφείλει να διατηρήσει Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various προσανατολισμό, λόγω της ανταγωνιστικής παγκοσμιοποιημένης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theοποία phenomenon of gentrification, οικονομίας, στην η χώρα εξακολουθείthe ναfollowing: διαθέτει συγκριτικά interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new groups πλεονεκτήματα, τα οποία πρέπει να εκμεταλλευθεί και of ναsocial αναπτύξει to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money περαιτέρω, προωθώντας, κυρίως μέσω Οικονομικής Διπλωματίας, την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the διείσδυση στις αγορές των residencies Βαλκανίων, όσο και centres, άλλων χωρών, 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasεντός born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town for better Berlin, where sheΕυρωπαϊκής made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: και εκτός της Ένωσης. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Την χρησιμότητα τουfrom εν λόγω βιβλίου για μελλοντική lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameτην back to London, in According 1943 sheεξωστρεφή published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ελληνική οικονομική δραστηριότητα εκ μέρους to another approach, the phenomenon is τονίζει due aκαι systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying του εκδοτικού Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, Έρευνας και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ανάπτυξης, ο Πρόεδρός του, Καθηγητής κ. Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ομότιμος καθηγητής του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, Πρόεδρος της Σχολής Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Κύπρου, Ex. Ch. L.U.L., Bruxelles, Ex. Int. I.I.A.P., Paris, Επιβλέπων Διδακτορικής Διατριβής της κυρίας Ελ. ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ που αποτέλεσε τον πυρήνα της κρινόμενης έκδοσης. Ο προλογίζων την έκδοση Καθηγητής κ. Πλούταρχος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΣΑΚΕΛΛΑΡΗΣ, Καθηγητής του Οικονομικού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Επίτιμος Αντιπρόεδρος της Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας Επενδύσεων By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κινείται επίσης προς την αναφερθείσα κατεύθυνση. Student of the School of Architecture Το έργο εξετάζει τις ελληνικές οικονομικές δραστηριότητες σε Technical University of Crete Χώρες των Βαλκανίων «ολιστικά» (holisticly), και περιλαμβάνει, τόσο approach: Defining theΕλληνικό concept Κράτος με την μορφή την1. Introductory άμεση χρηματοδότηση από το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek -philosopher, Επίσημης Αναπτυξιακής Βοήθειας ΕΑΒ - , (Official Development Aic ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ODA -) στα πλαίσια του Εθνικού Σχεδίου Ανασυγκρότησης των among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Βαλκανίων - ΕΣΟΑΒ -) καθώς καιthe την έμμεση «εμπλοκή» του Κράτους, acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term μέσω στήριξης της εξωστρέφειας του Ελληνικού ιδιωτικού τομέα, 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theόσο term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 και την χρηματοδότηση από Έλληνες Υπηκόους σε Χώρες των gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Βαλκανίων, κυρίως με την μορφή Άμεσων Ξένων Επενδύσεων ΑΞΕ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of -low-income and thethis placement there of είναι artists, (Foreign Direct Investment FDIetc.-). Η γενκή προσέγγιση the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other(teleological consequencesapproach), has, resultsκαθώς also rising land prices theof τελεολογική έναofεύλογο και (and βασικό whatever other consequences has,να results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ερώτημα επί του οποίου πρέπει δοθεί απάντηση αναφέρεται στην potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first inτης the UK in early 1960s it refers to σκοπιμότητα και την isχρησιμότητα «εμπλοκής» τουandΕλληνικού The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Κράτους σε οικονομικές δραστηριότητες τωνin Βαλκανίων, the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people toσε buyΚράτη property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof προσφέροτας μάλιστα καιthemselves Ελληνικήsometimes κρατική there συνδρομή. προσέγγιση London, upgrade them, stay and thusΗold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εντάσσεται επιπρόσθετα σε ένα γενικότερο πλαίσιο αναφοράς being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth (contextual σεwhile οικονοικό, πολιτικόinwere και επίπεδο. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included theγεωγραφικό work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theapproach), same similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Στο έργο συνδιάζονται cities in Western countries, by otherθεωρητικές Researchers.προσεγγίσεις, με εμπειρικούς cities in Western countries, byτων other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forσπουδών its more προσανατολισμούς, λόγω πολυθεματικών ακαδημαϊκών Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the της Συγγραφέως κυρίας Ελένης ΚΑΒΒΑΔΙΑ, καθώς και της επί various σειράν comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification,με the following: ετών επαγγελματικής της ενασχόλησης την Νοτιοανατολική interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense,ως theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ευρώπη, Ανώτερο isΣτέλεχος της Ευρωπαϊκής Τράπεζας to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επενδύσεων, η οποία της επιτρέπει να έχει επιτόπια γνώση και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the προσωπική εμπειρία επίSociologist τουresidencies θέματος. 1.of The term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Το όλο εγχείρημα μπορεί να αποτελέσει βάση περαιτέρω services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ακαδημαϊκής έρευνας εδράζεται σε she σχετική Διδακτορική lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva,καθότι Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the Διατριβή, ηto another οποία υποστηρίχθηκε με Inεπιτυχία Πάντειο approach, the is due aστο systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Πανεπιστήμιο Κ.Π.Ε. το 2016, αλλά και πηγή στοιχείων για περαιτέρω her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofσεpart the urban web, in 10th edit.ήWil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: έρευνα πρακτική εργασία, καθότι εστιάζεται μιαof ολοκληρωμενη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαι variety of ways, in order Abstract. to ανάλυση achieve the “assisted”, στοιχείων, “voluntary”, (actually διεξοδική στατιστική αξιόπιστων τα οποία
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
προέρχονται από επίσημες βάσεις δεδομένων Διεθνών, Ευρωπαϊκών και Εθνικών φορέων, των οποίων έχει γίνει χρονική εναρμόνιση, ώστε να καλύπτεται ολόκληρη η εικοσαετής υπό εξέταση περίοδος 1990 2010, ενώ παράληλα έχει γίνει εκτεταμένη γραφική επεξεργασία. Ακολουθώντας μια διεπιστημονική προσέγγιση, το βιβλίο μπορεί να αποτελέσει επιπρόσθετα σημείο αναφοράς για όσους By Mr. George-Sp.στρατηγική, C. ATHANASOPOULOS ασχολούνται με την επιχειρηματική καθώς Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, χρησιμοποιούνται γνωστές μέθοδοι όπως η ανάλυση SWOT και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS μοντέλα όπως PEST, SWOT, VRIO, Student Mοντέλα του M. Architect Porter of the School of Architecture «ανταγωνιστικών δυνάμεων» και «αλυσίδα αξίας». Technical University of Crete Αν και ογκώδες με περίπου 500 σελίδες, τόσο η διάρθρωσή του Introductory approach:όσο Defining concept και κατανοητός λόγος, σε 1.αυτοτελή Κεφάλαια, και οthe εύγλωττος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, καθιστούν το βιβλίο πολύ εύκολο στην συνολική ή αποσπασματική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χρήση ή διαγώνιας ανάγνωσης (diagonal reading), κατά περίπτωση, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ανάγκη ή και ενδιαφέρον. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η ροή της urban επιχειρηματολογίας γίνεται τοarea γενικότερο προς 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if από notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) (in of Planning) (or gentrification 1 το ειδικότερο, και το έργο χωρίζεται σε πέντε θεματικές ενότητες, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αρχίζοντας με τον προσδιορισμό του θέματος και της ερευνητικής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, διαδικασίας, στην συνέχεια στην ανάλυση του πλαισίου, the operation ofπερνώντας art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results alsoώστε risingνα of μην land διακόπτεται prices (and the πριν εντρυφήσει στο κυρίωςhas, θέμα, έτσι, ηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). επιχειρηματολογία, με την εκάστοτε επεξήγηση των γενικότερων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συνθηκών. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Η observed πρώτη θεματική ενότητα, περιλαμβάνει ταininτρία πρώτα the then trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κεφάλαια, τα οποία τις βάσεις για τηνthere διερεύνηση τουresidents θέματος London, upgrade them,θέτουν stay themselves sometimes and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. έτσι, ώστε να μην παρακωλύεται η ροή κάθε σχετικού Κεφαλαίου στην being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συνέχεια. Σχηματοποιείται αυτά το προς διερεύνηση θέμα major από A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileσε similar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πλευράς προσέγγισης, ερευνητικής μεθόδου, και οροθετούνται οι cities in Western countries, και by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byκαι other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for για its more μεθοδολογικές, νομικές οικονομικές βασικές έννοιες την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various διερεύνηση του θέματος, στα Κεφάλαια 1, 2 και 3 αντιστοίχως. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Η δεύτερη θεματική ενότητα, συγκροτείται από τα επόμενα interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a Κεφάλαια, sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aηtrend of a new of social groups πέντε όπου επιχειρείται ανάλυση τουcategory γεωοικονομικού και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γεωπολιτικού πλαισίου, το οποίο συνέβαλε στην διαμόρφωση των and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the περιρρεουσών συνθηκών γιαresidencies την σύσταση και λειτουργία του «ειδικού 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where sheοικονομικής made her first studies. In 1932της she published an important study entitled: καθεστώτος» «εμπλοκής» Ελλάδας στην Βαλκανική. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Η τρίτη θεματική ενότητα αποτελείται απόto επόμενα δύο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Κεφάλαια, που εστιάζουν στην Ελληνική Αναπτυξιακή Βοήθεια και την to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Ελληνική βαλκανική πολιτική. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate,θεματική etc., for theCoενότητα depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Η Wil. τέταρτη και ταWIKIPEDIA: επόμενα δύο Κεφάλαια Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαποτελούν variety of ways, in order to achieve theπρώτου “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τον κορμό τηςAbstract. μελέτης του σκέλους της διττής 252151 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture οικονομικής «εμπλοκής»Technical στην Βαλκανική, University ofυπό Crete
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φύσης της Ελληνικής την μορφή της άμεσης χρηματοδότησης από το Ελληνικό Κράτος, ως 1. Introductory approach: Defining theτο concept ΕΑΒ, και συγκεκριμένα του ΕΣΟΑΒ, οποίο αποτέλεσε το «όχημα» 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, πραγματοποίησής της, περιλαμβάνει θεωρητική ανάλυση, καθώς και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a the εμπειρική διερεύνηση, στα πλαίσια της διττήςgreat προσέγγισης του among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. θέματος. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Η πέμπτη ενότητα, is συμπεριλαμβάνει τα τελευταία τρί 1 (and θεματική Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Κεφάλαια, τα οποία αποτελούν και τον κορμό της μελέτης του gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various δεύτερου σκέλους της διττής φύσης της Ελληνικής οικονομικής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofυπό low-income and the placement of artists, «εμπλοκής» στην Βαλκανική, την της έμμεσης «εμπλοκής» the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.μορφή However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences also rising land prices (andτου theof του Ελληνικού Κράτους, has, μέσωresults στήριξης της ofεξωστρέφειας whatever other consequences has, results land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Ελληνικού ιδιωτικού τομέα, κυρίως με also την rising μορφήofεπιδοτήσεων ΑΞΕ potential relative speculation). The termυπηκόων gentrification found atτων first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ελλήνων σε isΧώρες Βαλκανίων. Η προσέγγιση είναι, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor επίσης, διττή, τόο θεωρητική, όσο και εμπειρική. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Τέλος, στον επίλογο, η Συγγραφέας, τα old προβλήματα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimesαναφέρει there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. που αντιμετωπίσθηκαν κατά isτην ερευνητική και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in the work διαδικασία, of Sociologist Ruth παρουσιάζει περιληπτικά καιsimilar σχηματικά οι οποίες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included τις inwere theυποθέσεις, work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διερευνήθηκαν σε συνδυασμό με τα αντιστοιχα αποτελέσματα, σε cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more σχετικό πίνακα. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized various Η Συγγραφέας θεωρεί τα αποτελέσματα αυτήςfrom τηςthe ελληνικής comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΒαλκάνια phenomenon the επισημαίνοντας following: «απόβασης» στα ωςofενgentrification, γένει θετικά, όμως interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups ταυτόχρονα θεσμικές και στρατηγικές αδυναμίες, οι οποίες μείωσαν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money την αποτελεσματικότητα της Ελληνικής εξωστρεφούς οικονομικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δραστηριότητας καιGLASS, οι οποίες αν Ruth ληφθούν υπόψη, 1.of The termat comes from παρελθόν, Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. GLASS for was born in sense safety the στο distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she συμβάλουν made her first studies. Inεπιτυχέστερη 1932 she published an important study entitled: μπορούν να στην έκβαση μελλοντικών services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εγχειρημάτων, τόσο του δημόσιου, όσο και του τομέα. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New Yorkιδιωτικού she came to back to London, in According 1943Συνελόντι she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became in the ειπείν πρόκειται περίIn 1950 με teacher πλήρως to another approach, the isέργου due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τεκμηριωμένες απόψεις, πρωτοφανή όγκο στοιχείων, ιδιάζουσας her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πρωτότυπης σύνθεσης, ιδιαιτέρως πολύτιμου για Φοιτητές, Ερευνητές Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαι variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually χαράζοντες συναφείς Κρατικές Πολιτικές.
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