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Γεωπολιτική και Γεωστρατηγική By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ανατομία της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και οι Επιπτώσεις μιας Μεγάλης Γεωπολιτικής Δίνης Architect By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student of the School of Architecture σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα Technical University of Crete
Πρόλογος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where sheΠάφος continued social research. brokers Her public and 2019 her long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
Ανδρέας Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ
Γεωπολιτική και Γεωστρατηγική Ανατομία της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου και οι Επιπτώσεις μιας Μεγάλης Γεωπολιτικής Δίνης σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Ανδρέας Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ Concerns
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ Concerns Το ανα χείρας κείμενο αποδίδει εν πολλοίς τον πυρήνα Διπλωματικής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εργασίας εκπονηθείσης υπό τον University, αυτόν τίτλον υπό του Συγγραφέως στα Harvard Graduate School of Design,του, Student, πλαίσια περαιτέρω ευδοκίμων σπουδών του Μεταπτυχιακού Επιπέδου, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of Οργάνων, the School of Architecture κατόπιν επιλογής του υπό των Οικείων Κυπριακών στην Σχολή Technical University of Crete Εθνικής Αμύνης της Ελλάδος.
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1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Στέλεχος των Κυπριακών Ο κ. Ανδρέας Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ, 1. Introductory approach: the θέμα, concept Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων,theεπέλεξε το εν λόγω ως(444 θέμα Διατριβής του, ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BCτης - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left του, us, heη established a great the λόγω της ιδιάζουσας σημασίας οποία (σημασία) διευρύνεται έτι among other wise heritage leftthe us, he της established a great the acquisition of knowledge with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. περαιτέρω τώρα, από τοstarts έτοςhe 2016, λόγω κατ’ αυτάς τρέχουσας Εθνικής acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term / Κυπριακής και διεθνούς συγκυρίας εν γένει και της περί την Κύπρο 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification εξελισσομένης(and κατάστασης, εν αναφορά τόσον the προς τις εσωτερικές 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various πολιτικές, κοινωνικές και οικονομικές διεργασίες και εξελίξεις, όσoν και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, προς τιςof γειτνιάζουσες περιοχές, τινέςetc.των οποίων τελούν υπόregardless καθεστώς ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”,there of εμπολέμων καταστάσεων, ανασχεδιασμού των εξωτερικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof προσανατολισμών, νέων ουτοπικών ή μη καιprices εσωτερικών whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results alsoοραμάτων rising of land (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). κλυδωνισμών. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofiswealthy to buy in poor Το observed οίο δήποτε ενδιαφέρον περί αυτής τηςproperty δεδομένης κατάστασης the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ενέχει αφ΄εαυτής ιδιάζουσα σημασία, πέραν there των and οίων άλλων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thusδήποτε old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παραμέτρων, και εξ εμφανούς εμπλοκής Τρίτων, είτε προς δημιουργία being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συμπράξεων, είτεof προς ιδίων συμφερόντων. A description thisεξυπηρέτηση phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΈτσι, Western countries, byπλουσίων other Researchers. ο εντοπισμός κοιτασμάτων υδρογονανθράκων στην cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and forεντός its more λεκάνη της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου, πέραν εκείνων της Αιγύπτου, της Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Αποκλειστικής Οικονομικής Ζώνης (ΑΟΖ) της Κύπρου και του comprehensive approach are being summarized from theΙσραήλ, various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: έχει αναβαθμίσει ακόμη περισσότερο το γεωπολιτικό ενδιαφέρον για τον interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ευρύτερο οποίος έχει προσκτηθεί βαρύνουσα to “return”χώρο to theτης city,Μέσης leavingΑνατολής, the purlieusοfor several reasons: high costs in money σημασία, αναδειχθείς ως «ένα από τα πλέον νευραλγικά σημεία and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofτου the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in πλανήτη». sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for YouthΚαι Unemployment. The same year Germany and after continuous είναι ακριβώς αυτή η she sui left generis κατάσταση, η οποία οδηγεί τον lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, διαθέτοντα στερρώς δομημένη αρτία προσωπικότητα και βαθύ γνώστη του in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and θέματος Συντάκτη του ανά χείρας κειμένου σε πολυεδρικές προσεγγίσεις University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. του υπό διερεύνηση and selling realCOLLINS estate, αντικειμένου. etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the συνοπτικώς “assisted”, “voluntary”, Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρεται εδώ,http://www.uncanny.net/ όλως η wetzel/gentry.htm διάρθρωσή (actually του: 2521 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Εν αρχή γίνεται λόγος περί Γεωπολιτικής, Γεωστρατηγικής και Συστημικής Γεωπολιτικής Concerns Ανάλυσης και παρατίθενται σχετικά
συμπεράσματα, κατά το Αρχαιοελληνικόν «αρχή Σοφίας ονομάτων επίσκεψις» του Φιλοσόφου ΔΙΟΓΕΝΟΥΣ. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, Ακολουθεί ο γεωγραφικός προσδιορισμός της of υπό διερεύνηση By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect περιοχής της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου μετάStudent των ομόρων Κρατών και εν of the School of Architecture συνεχεία τονίζεται η Γεωπολιτική και Γεωστρατηγική σημασία της Technical University of Crete Ελλάδος, της Κύπρου και της Τουρκίας.
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ακολούθως διαμορφωθέν διεθνές 1. Καταγράφεται Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek το philosopher, (444 BC -τρέχον 370 BC, Athens), περιβάλλον εν λόγω το ενδιαφέρον «αυτοβούλως» ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherπερί wiseτην heritage heπεριοχή, left us, he established aΤρίτων great the εμπλεκομένων και δρώντων «επ΄αγαθώ» Τοπικών Δομών και ακολουθεί among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. σειρά συμπερασμάτων. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Τέλος, Γεωπολιτικόisindicated Υπόδειγμα Ισορροπιών Ισχύος, 1παρατίθεται gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various επισημαίνονται οι ενδεχόμενες επιπτώσεις του επί της Ελλάδος και της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Κύπρου, Παραρτήματα και Ενδεικτική Βιβλιογραφία. ways), ofακολουθούν social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Το έργο διακρίνεται για τον πλούτο των σχετικών στοιχείων, τηνof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πλήρη τεκμηρίωση των διατυπουμένων απόψεων, την σαφήνεια και το potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ευκρινές των gentrification σημαντικώνisστοχεύσεών του. The term found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy people to την buy διαθέσιμη property inΒιβλιογραφία poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Mutatis mutantis, τοof έργο συμπληρώνει London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επί των συγκεκριμμένων θεματικών περιοχών και, εν τίνι μέτρω, ανάγεται being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included με in the of Sociologist Ruth σε A πολύτιμο βοήθημα σε όσους ασχολούνται τηνwork καταγραφή, ανάλυση, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major αξιολόγηση, χάραξη και συγκρότηση σχετικών Στρατηγικών, Πολιτικών, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Μέσων Μέτρων. cities inκαι Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Καθηγητής Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Πρόεδρος Σχολής Νομικών και Κοινωνικών Επιστημών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackΠάφος of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born in Καθηγητής Αθηνών sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townΠανεπιστημίου centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the Καθηγητής heart of the Πανεπιστημίου city”, (possibly) Ομότιμος Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Επιστημών, New York she came back to London, Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟ, Αθηνών in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Επίwhere τιμήshe Διαλέκτης Σχολής Εθνικής Αμύνης Ελλάδος University informal College of London, continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Ex Ch.forL.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Inter. I.I.A.P., Paris her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Κάτοχος Τιμητικής Διακρίσεως «LE WIKIPEDIA: PRIX EUROPEEN DES 12 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
ETOILES», HONORIS CAUSA
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ΓΕΩΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΓΕΩΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΤΟΜΙΑ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΚΗΣ ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns Gentrification ΜΙΑΣ ΜΕΓΑΛΗΣof ΓΕΩΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΔΙΝΗΣ ΣΕ ΚΥΠΡΟ ΚΑΙ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Γενικά Student of the School of Architecture α. Η Μεσόγειος είναι μια κατ' εξοχήν Technical κλειστή University θάλασσα,of που Crete
1. ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ
βρίσκεται ανάμεσα σε τρεις ηπείρους: την Ευρώπη, την Ασία και την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Αφρική. Επικοινωνεί στα δυτικά μεthe τονconcept Ατλαντικό Ωκεανό μέσω των 1. Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), στενών του Γιβραλτάρ, ενώ στα ανατολικά επικοινωνεί με την Ερυθρά ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Θάλασσα διαμέσου της διώρυγας του Σουέζ. Τμήμα της, μπορεί να among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the θεωρηθεί ο ofΕύξεινος Πόντος (βορειοανατολικά), με τονapproach, οποίο ενώνεται acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, the term μέσω των Δαρδανελίων, της Προποντίδας και του Βοσπόρου. Η διαίρεσή 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 γίνει της μπορεί σε “refining” δύοgentrification) μέρη,ofτην Δυτική καιremoval την Μεσόγειο. gentrification (and urban isarea, indicated (inΑνατολική thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as να well), as the a city the (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Η διαίρεση γίνεται βάζοντας μία νοητή γραμμή από την Κέρκυρα έως την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Κυρηναϊκή (Λιβύη). Έτσι, η Δυτική Μεσόγειος ξεκινά από τα στενά του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has,Αδριατική results alsoΘάλασσα, rising of land (and theof Γιβραλτάρother και consequences φτάνει έως την ενώprices η Ανατολική whatever other consequences resultsκαι alsoφτάνει rising έως of land (andτου the potential relative speculation). Μεσόγειος ξεκινά από το Ιόνιοhas, Πέλαγος τηνprices διώρυγα potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Σουέζ.
The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy(ΠΑΡ. property poor areas β. upgrade Ηobserved λεκάνη της Μεσογείου Α old /inΧάρτης 1,2) London, them, stayΑνατολικής themselves and thus residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus oldσήμερα residentsτο are αποτελεί κατά“squeezed”. κοινή παραδοχή, απόsometimes την αρχαιότητα μέχρι being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. A description κομβικό of this phenomenon included in the workστην of Sociologist Ruth σημαντικότερο σημείο τηςis υδρογείου, καθώς περιοχή αυτή A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofοικονομίες Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major αναπτύχθηκαν οιofσημαντικότεροι πολιτισμοί, θρησκείες, και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κουλτούρες. Πρόκειται για μια περιοχή, η οποία γεωγραφικά ενώνει τρεις cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, issue has scholars and for και its more ηπείρους, την the Ευρώπη, τηνpreoccupied Ασία και several Αφρική, όπως επίσης δύο Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from θάλασσες, την Μαύρη Θάλασσα και Ερυθρά Θάλασσα. Έτσι λόγω της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: γεωγραφικής της θέσης αποτελεί διαχρονικά το σημείο ενδιαφέροντος, τόσο interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups των κρατών που την περιβάλλουν, όσο και των εκάστοτε to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs μεγάλων in money δυνάμεων οιtoοποίες επιδιώκουν συνεχώς ανάμειξη and time to (Διεθνών travel fromΔρώντων), the purlieus downtown, where work placeτην is, lack of the τους1.στα διάφορα καιRuth γεωστρατηγικά τηςcentres, δρώμενα. termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety theγεωπολιτικά distributed residencies outside town Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofΑπό health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youthγ. Unemployment. Theαιώνα, same year left Germany and after continuous το education, 19ο η she Μεγάλη Βρετανία είχε κυριαρχήσει στηνfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, περιοχή αυτή, ελέγχοντας τη διώρυγα του Σουέζ, τα στενά του Γιβραλτάρ, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and τις νήσους Κύπρο, Μάλτα και τα Επτάνησα, με σκοπό να αποκόψει την University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. έξοδο τηςarereal Ρωσίας προς τα θερμά νερά της See Μεσογείου. ΟιENGLISH ΗΠΑ, μετά το Β΄ and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο επιδίωξαν να έχουν ικανή στρατιωτική και ναυτική G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification δ. Σήμερα, η περιοχή Concerns αυτή αποτελεί ζώνη αντιπαραθέσεων
δύναμη στην περιοχή, για να είναι εύκολη τόσο η πρόσβαση, όσο και ο έλεγχος της νευραλγικής, για τα αμερικανικά συμφέροντα περιοχής, αλλά και στην ευρύτερη Μέση Ανατολή. και πολιτικής αστάθειας. Υπάρχουν πολεμικές αντιπαραθέσεις που είτε είναι σε ύφεση όπως τα Ελληνοτουρκικά, το πρόβλημα της Κύπρου, η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αραβοϊσραηλινή διένεξη και ο πόλεμος στο Λίβανο, είτε βρίσκονται σε Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, εξέλιξη όπως στην Συρία, ο παρατεταμένος εμφύλιος μεταξύ Σουνιτισμού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect η τρομοκρατική δράση των και Σιιτισμού,1 (ΠΑΡ. Α / Χάρτης 3),Student of the School of Architecture 2 Technical of Crete μεUniversity τη δημιουργία τζιχαντιστών και η ανακήρυξη του λεγόμενου χαλιφάτου Ισλαμικού κράτους (ΠΑΡ. Α / Χάρτης 4) και οι Κούρδοι που μάχονται για 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept την 1.δημιουργία Κουρδικού Κράτους. Τα γεγονότα αυτά, IntroductoryΑνεξάρτητου approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, theστην ancient Greekκαι philosopher, (444ότι BCθα - 370 BC, Athens), προκαλούν αστάθεια περιοχή αναμένεται μεταβάλουν το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γεωπολιτικό της Μέσα από αυτές τις aαντιπαραθέσεις, έχει among other wiseχαρακτήρα. heritage leftthe us,definition he established greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αναδυθεί και ο στρατηγικός στόχος της Τουρκίας, για τη δημιουργία ενός acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 συστήματος ηγεμονικού ελέγχου «νέο-οθωμανισμός» στην περιοχή, Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification παρόμοιου αυτού της“refining” «πάλαι ποτέ Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας». Sociology asμε well), as the of a city area, the removal from this, (in various
Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ε. Οsocial εντοπισμός πλούσιων κοιτασμάτων υδρογονανθράκων στην ways), of groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of λεκάνη της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου, πέραν των υφισταμένων της Αιγύπτου, the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof εντός τηςrelative Αποκλειστικής Οικονομικής Ζώνης Κύπρου whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also(ΑΟΖ) rising ofτης land prices και (andτου the potential Ισραήλ (ΠΑΡ.Α/ Χάρτης 5), έχουν αναβαθμίσει ακόμη περισσότερο το potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UKτης in early 1960s and itareas refers γεωπολιτικό ενδιαφέρον για τον ευρύτερο χώρο Μέσης και the then observed trend of to buy property inΑνατολής poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy σημασία, people toαναδεικνύοντας buy property in τον poor συνάμα έχει αποκτήσει βαρύνουσα ωςareas «ένα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, them, σημεία stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being “squeezed”. από ταindirectly πιοupgrade νευραλγικά του πλανήτη». being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in2.Western countries, by other Researchers. ΣΚΟΠΟΣ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has scholars and for various its more Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι several η επισκόπηση της γεωπολιτικής comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various και γεωστρατηγικής ανατομίας της προκειμένου να interpretations of the phenomenon of Ανατολικής gentrification,Μεσογείου, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: διαπιστωθεί τοof υφιστάμενο περιβάλλον, όπως αυτόgroups έχει In a sense, the phenomenon is γεωπολιτικό dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social to “return” to the city, leaving the for several -reasons: high costsδυναμικές in money διαμορφωθεί καταλήγοντας σεpurlieus συμπεράσματα γεωπολιτικές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.of 1 safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Παρίσης, Η Καθ΄ημάς Θάλασσα, Γεωστρατηγική Ανάλυση της Μεσογείου, Αθήνα, Berlin, Ιωάννης where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after 2013, σελ. 87, Τα δύο κύρια δόγματα του Ισλάμ είναι ο Σουνιτισμός πουcontinuous θεωρεί ότι οmovements χαλίφης δενfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from access markets, etc.where studies and in Geneva, London and car Neweasier Yorkθεωρεί she came back to London, χρειάζεται να research είναι απόγονος του Prague, Μωάμεθ καιprivate ο Σιιτισμός που ότι to ο χαλίφης πρέπει να in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and είναι απόγονος του Μωάμεθ. University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 2 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Napoleoni Loretta, Ο Ισλαμιστικός Φοίνικας, Αθήνα, 2015, σελ.182, Χαλιφάτο είναι η her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επικράτεια ασκεί τηνetc., εξουσία του, οLtd. χαλίφης, δηλαδή οWIKIPEDIA: πολιτικός θρησκευτικός ηγέτης and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially of partκαι of the urban web, in 10th edit.όπου Wil. SONS AND Co London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: των μουσουλμάνων, ο οποίος θεωρείται διάδοχος του Μωάμεθ και προστάτης της ακεραιότητας G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της πίστης και του κράτους.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
(Γεωπολιτική Ανάλυση) και διατυπώνοντας προτάσεις, που θα προκύψουν από την μελέτη των αποτελεσμάτων της γεωπολιτικής ανάλυσης (Γεωστρατηγική Σύνθεση), ο προσδιορισμός και η ανάλυση των παραγόντων, που επηρεάζουν την ασφάλεια και τη σταθερότητα στον χώρο αυτό, καθώς και οι κυριότερες επιπτώσεις σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα στα πλαίσια μιας γεωστρατηγικής δίνης. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 3. ΠΑΡΑΔΟΧΕΣ Student of the School of Architecture Για την ολοκλήρωση της παρούσας μελέτης, Technical τίθενται προϋποθέσεις – University of Crete
παράγοντες, οι οποίοι κρίνεται ότι δεν θα μεταβληθούν ή εάν μεταβληθούν, approach: Defining the concept δεν1. Introductory θα επηρεάσουν την γεωπολιτική - γεωστρατηγική κατάσταση της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Ανατολικής Μεσογείου κατά την εκπόνηση της παρούσας μελέτης : ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the α. Οι σχέσεις Ελλάδας – Τουρκίας, Τουρκίας – Κύπρου και Ισραήλ – among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Τουρκίας δεofθαknowledge διαφοροποιηθούν. acquisition starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, on this “principle” Ελλάδας inindicated a first, if-(in not final, approach, the term β. Ηtherefore, ενεργειακή συνεργασία Κύπρου –of Planning) Ισραήλ και (and urban gentrification) is the area (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Αιγύπτου θα συνεχιστεί - θα βελτιωθεί και σε άλλους τομείς. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of Η social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement γ. πρόσφατες εξελίξεις στη Μέση Ανατολή, δεν θα επηρεάσουν τη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of υφιστάμενη κατάσταση, δημιουργία Ισλαμικού κράτους ή ανεξάρτητου the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Κουρδιστάν και speculation). επίλυση Παλαιστινιακού. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). Η gentrification Ελλάδα, Κύπρος θαearly εξακολουθήσουν Theδ.term is found atκαι first Τουρκία in the UK in 1960s and it refersνα to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor συμμετέχουν στουςtrend διεθνείς οργανισμούς. the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, them, stay themselves and thusτης old residents areof ε. upgrade Το περιβάλλον ασφάλειας στην ευαίσθητη περιοχή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldΑνατολικής residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Μεσογείου θα παραμένει ρευστό και διαρκώς μεταβαλλόμενο. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A στ. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth και τοsimilar ενδιαφέρον τωνinwere ΗΠΑ και της Ρωσίας στην GLASS atΤα theσυμφέροντα same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major περιοχή παραμένουν αμετάβλητα. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several andπολιτική for its more ζ. Η then, Ελλάδα και Κύπρος θα συνεχίσουν τηνscholars εξωτερική τους Since the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from για διατήρηση της σταθερότητας και ασφάλειας στην ασταθή περιοχή της comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Ανατολικής Μεσογείου - Μέσης Ανατολής, επιδιώκοντας καλές σχέσεις με interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups χώρες του Αραβικού κόσμου και το Ισραήλ. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money η. toΗtravel Τουρκία συνεχίσει την επεκτατική της στρατηγική, and time from theθαpurlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termνα from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town search for προκειμένου εδραιωθεί ωςresidencies ηγεμονική δύναμη, μεcentres, ότιRuth αυτό συνεπάγεται Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) στις σχέσεις της με τα Youth Unemployment. Theάλλα same κράτη year sheτης leftπεριοχής. Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back London, θ. Το Ισραήλ,studies θα παραμείνει οplanning. βασικός εταίρος των toΗΠΑ στην in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and περιοχή, οι δε σχέσεις του με την Τουρκία, θα παραμείνουν στο σημερινό University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επίπεδο. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia:
G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΕΠΙΛΟΓΟΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ofτηςintervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΤοDefinition, γεωστρατηγικό περιβάλλον Ανατολικής Μεσογείου διαμορφώνεται κατ' αρχήν από τις πολιτικές, τα συμφέροντα, τις δράσεις Concerns και τις συνεργασίες ή τις αντιπαραθέσεις των κρατών που την περιβάλλουν.
Επιπλέον, το περιβάλλον αυτό επηρεάζεται από τις πολιτικές, τα αντικρουόμενα συμφέροντα και τους ανταγωνισμούς των μεγάλων By Mr. George-Sp. C.ισχύος ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate School Design, Student, δυνάμεων, οι οποίες, μεHarvard τον έναν ή τον άλλο τρόπο, είναιofπαρούσες ή παBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ρεμβαίνουν ή ασκούν επιρροή στη μεσογειακή περιοχή. Student of the School of Architecture Ευρισκόμενη στο κέντρο ενός σχετικά ασταθούς περιφερειακού Technical University of Crete πλαισίου, η Ανατ. Μεσόγειος διαδραματίζει κεντρικό ρόλο στη μορφή του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept γεωστρατηγικού περιβάλλοντος ολόκληρης της Ευρώπης, της Βόρειας 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Αφρικής, της Μέσης Ανατολής αλλά και ευρύτερα. Στη διάρκεια των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heη left us, he established(444 a great the προηγούμενων δεκαετιών, Ανατ. Μεσόγειος αποτέλεσε κύριο χώρο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ενδιαφέροντος των διεθνών συνασπισμών και the των μεγάλων διεθνών acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term δρώντων. Παραλλήλως αναπτύχθηκαν σημαντικές πρωτοβουλίες 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the συterm gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 νεργασίας, με στόχο τη σταθερότητα και την επίλυση θεμάτων gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various τρομοκρατίας, λαθρομετανάστευσης, ενεργειακών πόρων, ρύπανσης κ.ά. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of Κατά ταart τελευταία έτη, νέεςetc.διεθνείς απειλές και there προκλήσεις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has, resultsπεριοχή, also rising of land prices (andστον theof ανέκυψανother στηνconsequences ευρύτερη μεσογειακή ενώ οι εξεγέρσεις whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αραβικό κόσμο δημιούργησαν ένα εντελώς νέο γεωπολιτικό σκηνικό. Η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atκύριο first in αντικείμενο the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ενεργειακή ασφάλεια αποτελεί ενδιαφέροντος στην The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ευρύτερη μεσογειακή περιοχή, δεδομένου αυτήν, υπάρχουν τεράστια the then observed trend wealthy peopleότι toσ' buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof αποθέματα ενεργειακών πόρων, καθώς επίσης και δίκτυα αγωγών που London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεταφέρουν την ενέργεια στις ακτές της Μεσογείου. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A Στο description ofperiod, this phenomenon is μία included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth πόνημα αυτό, επιχειρείται γεωπολιτική καιofγεωστρατηγική GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by(ανατομία) other Researchers. ανάλυση και αξιολόγηση του περιβάλλοντος της Ανατολικής cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andκατανόηση for its more Μεσογείου, με σκοπό την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων για την ή Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ακόμη και την εκτίμηση του τρόπου που σε κάθε περίπτωση ενήργησαν ή comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of ενεργήσουν the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: αναμένεται να οι διάφοροι γεωστρατηγικοί δρώντες. Ένας interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αριθμός έγχρωμων χαρτών, διαγραμμάτων και πινάκων που ακολουθούν το to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κείμενο πληρέστερη κατανόηση των place στοιχείων and time toβοηθούν travel fromστην the purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack ofπου the παρατίθενται. Είναι ευνόητο ότι, ελήφθησαν υπ'town όψινcentres, όλα ταsearch νέα στοιχεία, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: πληροφορίες, γεγονότα, μεταβολές ισχύος, γεωπολιτικές απειλές services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofανατροπές, the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for και προκλήσεις που έχουν ανακύψει καιand έχουν δημιουργήσει νέες συνθήκες lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the στο γεωστρατηγικό περιβάλλον τηςthe Μεσογείου. to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, (actually Ανδρέας “voluntary”, Π.wetzel/gentry.htm ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ
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