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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ημέρα Φιλελληνισμού Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes ofκαι Gentrification Διεθνούς Αλληλεγγύης Concerns Της κυρίας Δημ. ΝΟΥΣΗ By Mr.Δημοτ. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Διευθ. Περιουσ. Δήμου Αθηναίων, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Νομικού, Συγγραφέως
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Κυρίες και Κύριοι Το να βρεθεί κάποιος στη θέση μου σήμερα σημαίνει κάτι 1. Introductory approach:ΗDefining theαυτό concept τιμητικό και επικίνδυνο: τιμή είναι που αντιλαμβανόμαστε όλοι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient philosopher, μαςANTISTHENIS, αυτήν τη στιγμή, καθώς Greek η ομιλήτρια καταφεύγει στις λέξεις για να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherναwise heritage he he established a great the εκφράσει, μεταδώσει καιleft ναus, μοιραστεί με εσάς την ομορφιά, την among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the υπεροχή και δόξα που γνώρισε φιλελληνισμός. Το επικίνδυνο είναι acquisition of τη knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term να νομίσει κάποιος ότι μελετώντας, δουλεύοντας μπορεί να 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”γράφοντας, inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 σταθεί στο ύψος τόσο μεγάλης ιδέας που έγινε πράξη και έφερε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asμιας the “refining” of a cityis area, the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various καρπούς. Διότι καταρχάς, αυτό ακριβώς είναι ο φιλελληνισμός: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andέφερε thethis placement there of μόνο artists, μια μεγάλη ιδέα, η οποία έγινε πράξη και καρπούς. Και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, resultsείναι also rising of land prices theof για αυτόνother το λόγο ο κάθε ομιλητής καταδικασμένος να(and μιλάει whatever other consequences has, θέματος results also land prices (and the potential relative speculation). νιώθοντας πάντα κατώτερος του στοrising οποίοofαναφέρεται. potential relative speculation). TheΕπειδή, term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to λοιπόν, οι is ερμηνείες είναι αδύναμες μπροστά σε αυτό που The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor συνέβη στην Ευρώπη του Φιλελληνισμού, αςbuy ταξιδέψουμεinγια λίγο στοof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thereproperty and thus oldpoor residents are παρελθόν, κι ας θυμηθούμε μερικές στιγμές του. Κατά τη βικτωριανή London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εποχή Άγγλοι “squeezed”. κλήθηκαν να απαντήσουν ήτανRuth οι being indirectly A description ofμαθητές this phenomenon is included in the work ofποιες Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σπουδαιότερες μάχες της πανίσχυρης βρετανικής αυτοκρατορίας. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major GLASS atστις the same period, situations were recorded και in other major Ανάμεσα απαντήσεις των similar μαθητών περιλαμβάνονται οι νίκες cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. 1 Since then, the issueτων has Περσών. preoccupied severalδεκαετίες scholars and for οitsμέγας more Μερικές πριν των Ελλήνων κατά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ποιητής, αλλά και σφοδρός επικριτής του βρετανικού κατεστημένου, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Σέλλεϋ είχε πει: «Όλοι είμαστε of Έλληνες. Οι νόμοι μας, η φιλολογία μας, interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups η θρησκεία μας, οι τέχνες μας, έχουν τις ρίζες τους στην Ελλάδα. Γιατί, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χωρίς την Ελλάδα η Ρώμη, η οδηγήτρα, η καταχτήτρα, δεν θα μπορούσε and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the να σκορπίσει κανένα φως κιresidencies εμείς θαGLASS, είμαστε ειδωλολάτρες καιfor άγριοι. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety the distributed outside town centres, better Berlin, where sheτο made her firstτου studies. In 1932 she published την an important study entitled: Η μορφή και πνεύμα ανθρώπου έφτασαν τελειότητά τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. 2. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στην Ελλάδα…» lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: η Ομιλία γενομένη την 23 Απριλίου 2017 επ΄ευκαιρία της Ημέρας Φιλελληνισμού G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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και Διεθνούς Αλληλεγγύης. Μητρόπολη Αθηνών, Οργανωτής: Περιφέρεια Αττικής.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Αντίστοιχη ήταν και η αντίδραση του Σατωμπριάν όταν το 1826 πληροφορήθηκε την πτώση του Μεσολογγίου. Απευθυνόμενος στο φίλο του Ντυμάν, είπε: «Όσο για μένα, είμαι, θα μείνω πάντα και θα πεθάνω Έλληνας»3. Κι επειδή αναφέροντας και μόνο το Μεσολόγγι δεν είναι δυνατό να μην σκεφτούμε τον Μπάιρον και τo θρύλο που επέβαλε στην By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ιστορία της Ελλάδας, ας ταξιδέψουμε και πάλι στο τότε και ας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ακούσουμε αυτό που Βίκτωρ Ουγκώ είπε μόλις πληροφορήθηκε το By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θάνατό του:"Έδειξε ο Μπάιρον στην Student Ευρώπη ότι οι ποιητές της of the School of Architecture καινούργιας σχολής, μ' όλο που δεν λατρεύουν Technical τα είδωλα της αρχαίας University of Crete Ελλάδας, θαυμάζουν πάντοτε τους ήρωες της, κι' ότι κι αν 1. Introductoryτον approach: Defining concept εγκατέλειψαν Όλυμπο, δεν the έχασαν ούτε για μια στιγμή τις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 4. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Θερμοπύλες" ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Ο Μπάιρον της Ακρόπολης, της Αθηνάς, της 370 Τερέζας της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αλβιόνας, της Ευρώπης, τηςwith ποίησης, της σκέψης, της χίμαιρας, της acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θυσίας, είναι το σύμβολο και η πληρέστερη του φιλελληνικού 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,έκφραση if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κινήματος, διότι απλά είναι ο Μπάιρον της μιας αξεπέραστης καιvarious πολύ gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in επικίνδυνης στάσης ζωής: είναι ο Μπάιρον της επανάστασης. Σήμερα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofόλων social groups, usually ofτιμούμε, low-income and thethis placement of artists, μεταξύ αυτών που γιορτάζουμε την there πιο γνήσια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also of land prices (and theof επαναστατική σκέψη και πράξη, τη ζωή καιrising το θάνατο του Μπάιρον. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices– (and the potential relative Είναι πολλοί οιspeculation). παιδευμένοι, οι ταλαντούχοι, οι διανοούμενοι φάροι potential relative speculation). term gentrification is foundοιatστρατηγοί, first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τουThe πολιτισμού, οι πολιτικοί, αλλά είναι ελάχιστοι αυτοί The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor που τα έχουν όλα trend αυτά ταυτόχρονα και τελικώς νικούν in στην ιστορία, the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof ακόμη και τη στιγμή που ταυτίζονται με τους από London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereχαμένους. and thus oldΈνας residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αυτούς τους λίγους είναι ο Μπάιρον ο οποίος απέδειξε πόσο ρεαλιστής being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υπήρξε, οι άλλοι το έβλεπαν, και πόσο καλά γνώριζε το νόημα A description ofperiod, this δεν phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atόταν the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της in ιστορικής νίκης, by όταν άλλοι έβλεπαν τη συντριβή της cities Western countries, other οι Researchers. cities in Western bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and όλα for its more επανάστασης. Οcountries, Μπάιρον, με την επιλογή του τα χάσει του τα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various χρήματα και να βρεθεί από την ασφάλεια της πανίσχυρης Αγγλίας στα comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: άγρια βράχιαofτου τόπου μας μαζί με τους Σουλιώτες, απέδειξε ότι η interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new socialΚαι groups χίμαιρα δε βρίσκεται μακριά μας και ότι μόνο άπιαστη δενofείναι. να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money που σήμερα τιμούμε και αποτιμούμε τα πεπραγμένα των παράτολμων, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οι οποίοι με atόπλο τα όνειρα και τηνGLASS, παιδεία τους επιβλήθηκαν στην 1.of The term comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. αν In 1932 sheδεν published an important study entitled: ιστορία ως νικητές. Μα αλήθεια, αυτό είναι επανάσταση, τότε τι services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for είναι; lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Μαsheοpublished Φιλελληνισμός δε σταματά στη δημιουργία ελληνικού to another approach, the is due aτου systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying κράτους, στην ονοματοδοσία, δρόμων και πλατειών ή σε μερικές her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially ofοpart of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: παραγράφους σταetc., σχολικά βιβλία. Το2009. 1959 πρώτος υπουργός Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπολιτισμού variety of ways, in orderΑντρέ to achieve the μια “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της Γαλλίας Μαλρώ, προσωπικότητα ταυτισμένη 107 2521 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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με την πνευματική αναζήτηση και την αντίσταση, επισκέφτηκε την Ακρόποληκαι είπε:Ο λαός «που αγαπάει τη ζωή ακόμα κι όταν γίνεται οδύνη», είναι ταυτόχρονα εκείνος που έψαλλε στην Αγιά Σοφιά κι εκείνος που άκουγε με δέος την κραυγή του Οιδίποδα στους πρόποδες αυτού του λόφου, κραυγή που επρόκειτο να διασχίσει τους αιώνες. Λαός της ελευθερίας, είναι εκείνος για τον οποίο η αντίσταση είναι Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS παράδοση αιώνων, εκείνος του By οποίου η νεότερη ιστορία είναι ένας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ανεξάντλητος αγώνας για την Ανεξαρτησία — ο μόνος λαός που By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect γιορτάζει την επέτειο του ΟΧΙ. Αυτό το Student χθεσινόofΟΧΙ ήταν το ΟΧΙ του the School of Architecture Μεσολογγίου, το ΟΧΙ του Σολωμού. Σε μας είναιTechnical το ΟΧΙ του στρατηγού University of Crete Ντε Γκωλ, και το δικό μας. Ο κόσμος δεν ξέχασε, ούτε ξεχνά ότι το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρώτο ΟΧΙ ήταν αυτό της Αντιγόνης και του Προμηθέα.Ο Κόσμος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theότι ancient πάντα θα θυμάται ότανGreek και philosopher, το τελευταίο θύμα της ελληνικής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a the Αντίστασης έγειρε στο χώμα για να περάσει τηνgreat πρώτη του νύχτα, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. κοιμήθηκε στη γη που starts γέννησε υψηλή, την πανάρχαια άρνηση, acquisition of knowledge withτν theπιο the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term αυτήν πουtherefore, πρόβαλε ο this ελεύθερος άνθρωπος, κάτω ακριβώς από the αυτόν 1 (and urban Based, on “principle” inindicated a first, if notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 5. 1 τον έναστρο ουρανό που ξαγρύπνησε τους νεκρούς της Σαλαμίνας» gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Την ίδια περίοδο, ένα παρόμοιο γεγονός, μέσα από ένα εντελώς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement ofΕλένη artists, διαφορετικό αναφέρεται σεetc. ένα διάλογο ανάμεσα στην the operation ofπρίσμα, art galleries, restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also πασίγνωστο rising of land prices (and theof ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ και τον Αντρέ Μπρετόν, υπερρεαλιστή whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising ofτον landρώτησε prices (and the potential relative και συγγραφέα. Όταν, λοιπόν,has, η ελληνίδα ιστορικός «γιατί potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first the UK in early and it εκείνος refers to δε The συνοδεύσατε τη γυναίκα σας στοinταξίδι σας στην1960s Ελλάδα» The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τη «Εσείς,trend πήγατεwealthy στη Γερμανία περίοδο τηςinΚατοχής; Το theρώτησε: then observed people την to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ευρωπαϊκό πνεύμα βρίσκεται υπό sometimes την ελληνική εδώresidents και δυο London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereκατοχή and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. χιλιάδες πεντακόσια χρόνια. Είναι πια καιρός να ελευθερωθούμε». Και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth η Ελένη σημειώνει: «η διακαής αυτή επιθυμία του A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Μπρετόν να ελευθερωθεί απόResearchers. την Ελλάδα και το πνεύματης, τον cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more εμπόδισε να the καταλάβει ότι ζητώντας αυτό το αδύνατο, ενεργούσε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 6 comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τις ακόμη μια φορά σαν Έλληνας» . Κι εγώ, διαβάζοντας ξανά και ξανά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations theάλλη phenomenon of gentrification, theτην following: σελίδες έφεραofγια μια φορά στη μνήμη μου άλλη μορφή αυτής interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of περιέγραψε a new social groups τηνIn«πολιτισμικής ελληνικής κατοχής» που οof Γκαίτε: «Ό,τι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money είναι ο νους και η καρδιά για τον άνθρωπο, είναι και η Ελλάδα για την and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οικουμένη». 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Κυρίες where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: και κύριοι, εάν ζούσαμε σε έναν πολιτισμό όπου το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μεγαλείο λαού θα ήταν ηLondon παιδεία και η she παραγωγή η lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and ενός research in Geneva, Prague, and car New York came to back toσκέψης, London, in According 1943 sheμέρα published studies city planning. 1950 sheto became teacher μας in the σημερινή θα ήταν ηregarding εθνικήthe μας γιορτή.InΟι του κόσμου to another approach, phenomenon isαξίες due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying θέλουν ως δύναμη που τροφοδοτεί το λαϊκό φρόνιμα τις νίκες σε her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πολέμους, και τα κατορθώματα στα πεδία των μαχών, για μια ελεύθερη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aπατρίδα. variety of ways, in order to achieve theαίμα, “assisted”, (actually Όλοι οι λαοί έχουν καταθέσει έχουν“voluntary”, κερδίσει πολέμους
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ofθυμίζει Gentrification και έχουν μιαConcerns εθνική γιορτήTypes να τέτοιους αγώνες. Επίσης, όλα τα επαναστατικά κινήματα και κατατρεγμένοι λαοί κατά καιρούς Concerns συγκινούν τη διεθνή κοινή γνώμη και μέσα από αυτήν τη συγκίνηση
προκαλείται ρεύμα διεθνούς αλληλεγγύης. Ωστόσο, το μεγαλείο Mr., George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS φιλελληνικού κινήματος του είναιByότι γεννήθηκε C. από την πίστη και το Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, σεβασμό σε έναν ολόκληρο πολιτισμό, σε μια προηγμένη σκέψη που By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect γεννήθηκε μέσα στα βάθη των αιώνων. Δεν ήταν μόνο ένας Student of the School of Architecture Κολοκοτρώνης που τράβηξε τους φιλέλληνες στον University αγώνα, ofήταν Technical Crete πρώτος από όλους ο Αισχύλος. Δεν ήταν μόνο ο Σουλτάνος και η 1. Introductory Defining the concept εξουσία του πουapproach: ώθησε τους φιλέλληνες να πολεμήσουν ενάντιά του, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, αλλά ήταν πάνω από όλα η Greek ανάγκη να δοθεί μάχη υπέρ του Περικλή, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseτου heritage he left he established a great the του ANTISTHENIS, Αριστοτέλη, Πλάτωνα. Οιus,φιλέλληνες δεν(444 πείστηκαν από το λαό among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. που ζούσεofτότε σκλαβωμένος σεdefinition αυτήν τηthe γωνιά της Ευρώπης, acquisition knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if of not final, approach, the term πείστηκαν την ίδια την παιδεία τους. Και αν όλοι οιtheλαοί 1 από Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 κερδίζουν συμπάθειες για τα δίκια τους, ελάχιστοι είναι που gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of αυτοί Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κατέχουν μέγιστη εκτίμηση για τον πολιτισμό που φτιάχτηκε από τη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of τους. artists, γλώσσα, τηofσκέψη, την τέχνη καιetc.τηHowever δράση των προγόνων the operation art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherσε consequences results rising of land (and theof Πραγματικά, έναν άλλο has, κόσμο μια also τέτοια μέρα θα prices ήταν μέγιστη whatever otherspeculation). consequences also of land (and the potential relative γιορτή επικράτησης ενός λαούhas, πουresults σέβεται τοrising ιστορικό τουprices φορτίο. potential relative speculation). TheΌμως term gentrification is found at first in theάλλο UK inκόσμο. early 1960s and it refersότι to η ιστορική στιγμή μας έταξε Γνωρίζοντας The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πορευτήκαμε στους αιώνες με μιαpeople γλώσσα αθάνατη, δηλαδή με μιαof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are σκέψη αθάνατη, βρισκόμαστε στο sometimes σήμερα, έχοντας μας την London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andμπροστά thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. έκφραση της ευρωπαϊκής πολιτικής ρητορικής που διακρίνει τους being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth λαούς σε αρεστούς απορριπτέους καλούς κακούς. Ξαφνικά A description ofperiod, thisκαι phenomenon is situations included inwere theκαι work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major υπάρχουν χρήσιμοι και by άχρηστοι ευρωπαίοι, χρήσιμοι και απορριπτέοι cities in Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issueκαι has preoccupied several scholars andΕυρώπη for its more πρόσφυγες, χρήσιμοι απορριπτέοι εργαζόμενοι, σε μια που Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ενώθηκε, αλλά που καθόλου δε μοιάζει με τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες more της comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: Ευρώπης πουofοραματίστηκε οofΒίκτωρ Ουγκώ το 1849, όταν, όπως interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, είπε, theof phenomenon is due a trend of a new of social groups 7. προφητικά «οι σφαίρες θα toαντικατασταθούν από τις ψήφους» to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Κι αν μπορούσε ο μεγάλος φιλέλληνας Ουγκώ να βρεθεί ανάμεσά μας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the θα έβλεπε ότιatcomes πράγματι οι σφαίρες από τις for ψήφους 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthαντικαταστάθηκαν GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin,και where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anσφαίρες important εκτέλεσης study entitled: αλλά ότι υπάρχουν ψήφοι που ισοδυναμούν με services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λαών μέσα καιof, έξω από την Ευρώπη.Κι κι αν ήθελε οmarkets, Μπρετόν να lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andόσο Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became the απαλλαγεί από την κυριαρχία της Ελλάδας, είναι καιteacher πάλιin η to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying φιλελληνική σκέψη που καλείται να αναζωογονηθεί και δώσει το νέο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ιδεώδες του πολιτισμού, του ανθρωπισμού καιof της Διεθνούς Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑλληλεγγύης. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 109 2521 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Τελικά, ο φιλελληνισμός είτεGentrification ως κυρίαρχο σύστημα αξιών, είτε ως πρόσχημα των εξουσιών, αντέχει, ανανεώνεται, διαμορφώνει Concerns συμπεριφορές και συνειδήσεις. Το έκανε για πρώτη φορά πριν από
αιώνες ο Γρηγόριος ο Ναζιανζηνός όταναπευθυνόμενος στους By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χριστιανούς είπε ότι το ελληνίζειν, αποτελεί χαρακτηριστικό όχι της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, θρησκείας, αλλά της ελληνικής παιδείας, που, βεβαίως και Student, σε ένα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 8. Έτσι, η μεγάλος τμήμα αυτής υιοθετήθηκε απόStudent τους ofχριστιανούς the School of Architecture γλώσσα επέζησε, και μέσα από αυτήν την επιβίωση και την εξέλιξη της Technical University of Crete έκφρασης έρχεται αναπόφευκτα μια πολιτισμική ωριμότητα, αυτή της 1. Introductory approach: Defining theθαύμαζε concept ο Γκαίτε όταν είπε: «… τριβής και της εμπειρίας που τόσο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, μπορεί να περάσουν ακόμη Greek κάνα δυο αιώνες μέχρι οι συμπατριώτες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 9. BC, Athens), μας να λατρέψουν το κάλλος σαν τους αρχαίους (444 Έλληνες» among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αλλά of κιknowledge ο ίδιος οstarts Μπάιρον δεν ανέχτηκεtheτην καταστροφή του acquisition with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ναού του Παρθενώνα και ενοχοποιείisinγια αυτήν και την ίδια τη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notακόμη final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 χώρα του: gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various
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Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Η ρήγισσα του πέλαγου, η ελεύθερη η Αγγλία, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences resultsνα also rising of land prices (and theof από τη ματωμένη τουςhas, πατρίδα ξεσπά whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,που results also rising of land prices (and the potential τ'relative απομεινάρια τα στερνά ανθίζαν στα μνημεία. potential relative speculation). The term is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ναι, gentrification διαφεντεύτρα ευγενική που ο κόσμος αγαπά, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor με observed χέρι στρίγγλας ρήμαξες πουproperty και χρόνια the then trend wealthyσυντρίμμια, people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof και τύραννοι σεβάστηκαν, μ' sometimes αγάπη ή ζηλοφθόνια. London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth είναι από πέτρα όποιος για σε δε νιώθει, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the ωραία work ofΕλλάδα, Sociologist Ruth GLASSΩ! at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ό,τι εραστής όπου μπρος του νεκρή ερωμένη, cities in Western countries, byθεωρεί other Researchers. cities inκιWestern countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more αναίσθητη έχει την καρδιά πουseveral αβούρκωτη απομένει, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from μετόπες, τείχη και βωμούς βλέποντας σκόνη, αράδα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, the following: να σουofταthe γδύνουν Βρετανοί, που θα 'πρεπε ταμένοι interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 10. να στέκουν φυλακάτορες στα λείψανα τεμένη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Με αυτήν τηνdistributed πολύτιμη διάσταση της 1912-1940. έννοιας του πολιτισμού μας,in The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.of safety the residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her firstμυαλό studies. In 1932 she published an importantλαούς study entitled: και έχοντας πάντα στο μας τους δοκιμαζόμενους του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for σήμερα, που χρειάζονται να νιώσουν των άλλων lower living costτόσο of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Newτην Yorkαλληλεγγύη she came to back to London, in According 1943εύχομαι she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the λαών, σε όλους χρόνια πολλά, πάνταInλεύτεροι και ποτέ ξανά to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αιχμάλωτοι της ιστορίας… her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Σαςofευχαριστώ πολύ.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
ΠΑΡΑΠΟΜΠΕΣ
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,Εκδ. Athens), 1. Introductory Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός και Ελληνισμός», ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left96 us, he established(444 a great the Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα 2007,he σελ. among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. 2. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός και Ελληνισμός», Εκδ. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on2007, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα σελ. 189 και 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification https://kleonikikleio.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/%CE%B5%CE%B9 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various %CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement %CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B9ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless %CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83/ whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also και rising of land prices (and the 3. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, «Πολιτισμός Ελληνισμός», Εκδ. potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Καστανιώτη, Αθήνα 2007, σελ. 189 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to property inτου poor 4. Λουκία, Δρούλια, «Βίκτωρ Ουγκώ, Οιbuy φιλελληνικές the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof εκδηλώσεις», heliosLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. eie.ekt.gr/EIE/bitstream/10442/774/1/M01.021.04.pdf, σελ.46 being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 5. description Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π.is σελ 97 inwere A ofperiod, this phenomenon included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major 6. ΕλένηΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π. σελ. 199 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. 7. inVivianeReding,Speech Γιατί χρειαζόμαστε τώρα τις Ηνωμένες Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more Πολιτείες της Ευρώπης, comprehensive approachhttp://europa.eu/rapid/pressare being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interpretations of the phenomenon ofΚέντρο gentrification, the following: release_SPEECH-12-796_el.htm, Ευρωπαϊκού Δικαίου του various interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a 2012, trend ofσελ.4 a new of social groups πανεπιστημίου του Passau /isPassau, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several 8. Ελένη ΓλύκατζηΑρβελέρ, ο.π. σελ. 81 reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 9. JohannPeterEccermann, «Συνομιλίες με τον Γκαίτε», Τόμος termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Β΄Εκδ. Printa, Αθήνα 2014, σελ. 269 Berlin, where sheΜεταφ. made herΔημήτρης first studies.Δημοκίδης, In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The Γκόρντον same year she left Germany and after continuous 10. Λόρδος Τζορτζ Μπάιρον, «Το προσκύνημα του lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ΤσάιλντΧάρολντ», in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and http://ebooks.edu.gr/modules/ebook/show.php/DSGYMlong-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partΣτέφανος of the urban web, in C113/351/2363,8981/index03_05.html, Μετάφραση 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΜύρτας variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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