E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / /R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. //R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 62
252159 11
E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. // R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. // R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
60
63 2521 11
E¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.// R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.// R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. E¶. A¶. AN. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Prodromos MAVRIDIS: Prodromos MAVRIDIS: By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Les Turcs dans l’Union Les Turcs l’Union Harvard University, Graduate Schooldans of Design, Student, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS européenne. Réflexions sur la By Mr. George-Sp. européenne. Réflexions Architect sur la Student of the School of Architecture préémininence du droit. préémininence du droit.of Crete Technical University 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept La de l’éventuelle adhésion The question of Turkey’s possible 1. question Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), de laANTISTHENIS, Turquie à l’ Union alimente une accession to the Union fuelling a the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 is BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the controverse passionnelle qui, trop heated controversy, which is too often, a among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the content concepts. souvent, se nourrit d’a priori dictés par definition priori,of dictated by ideology and indeed acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term l’idéologie, voire par les fantasmes et le both fantasy and fanaticism. In his 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification fanatisme. Professeur de droit àParis X to this book, Antoine Lyon1 (and urban gentrification) ispreface gentrification indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Nanterre et directeur d’études à l’École Caen, a lecturer in law at Paris X Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and theand placement of artists, de hautes étudesgroups, en sciences sociales, Nanterre Director there of Studies at the ways), ofLyon-Caen social groups, usually ofdès low-income andde the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.École However this “change”, regardless of Antoine le confirme hautes études en sciences the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this whatever has,à results also rising of “change”, land (and theof l’entame deother la préface qu’il a donnée sociales, confirms thisprices fromregardless the outset whatever other consequences alsoherising of land prices benefits (and the potential relative speculation). cet ouvrage, lorsqu ’il relève quehas, la results when explains that Turkey potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundde at first infrom the UK early 1960s and it refers to Turquie bénéficie du «triste privilège» the in «sad privilege» of creating «the The«la term found first in the UK in earlyof 1960s and itareas refers the then observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto susciter plusgentrification richetrend floraison de lieuxatpeople richest flourishing commonplaces and the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyideas property in poor areas communs, ces idées sommaires, sans sometimes summary lacking in analytical London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thusfor oldthis residents are fondement analytique qui, pour cette foundations, which reason, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. raison, circulent sans retenue». Ά circulate, in an illogical fashion». Some A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description this phenomenon included the recorded work Ruth entendre uns, laof Turquie admise en is situations punditsin would haveof usSociologist believe GLASS atlesthe same period, while similar were in otherTurkish major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Europe ne serait rien d’autre qu’un accession to Europe would be no less cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. «cheval de Troie islamiste»; d’autres leur than bringing in an «Islamic Trojan Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more rétorquent, surthe le issue même mode horse»; other commentators respond in Since then, has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various abominablement simpliste, que s’ouvrir an otherwise but equally and comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: aux reviendrait à ouvrir lesof abominably way by claiming interpretations of the phenomenon thesimplistic following: InEuropéens a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups portes de la Turquie aux «croisés des that opening up to the Europeans would to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money temps modernes». Ce n’est pas sur le mean opening Turkey’s doors to «the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the terrain de ces anathèmes croisés, aussiRuth GLASS, crusades of the modern age». Itwas is not on termat comes from Sociologist 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better stériles que dangereux, qu’entend se this terrain of torn and equally sterile Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) YouthProdromos Unemployment. The same year she left Germany after continuous situer MAVRIDIS, même and and dangerous anathema thatfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. to studies and research in du Geneva, Prague, New York she came back to London, s’il reconnaît être parti principe, pourLondon and Prodromos MAVRIDIS intendswhere in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and rédiger cet ouvrage, qu’une adhésion de tread, even though heHer does acknowledge University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying laher Turquie à l’Union «pourrait servir de his editing of this work are characterized by a passion for justice.that See the also:principle COLLINS for ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: trait d’union pour une meilleure book is WIKIPEDIA: based on the idea that Turkey’s Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm acompréhension variety of ways, in order to achieve the accession “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually des différentes to the Union «could act as a 64
252161 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN.//R.DEC. /R.DEC. R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.//R. /R. R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
cultures». En l’occurrence, ce qui est bridge for greater understanding of intéressant n’est pas tant le fruit de sa different cultures». In this case, what is réflexion personelle que le chemin interesting is not so much the fruit of his intellectuel qu’il emprunte pour l’étayer. personal reflection so much as the Arrivé à la Commission européenne intellectual path he has trodden in order comme stagiaire dans le cabinet du to back up his thesis. Delors, l’auteur en est aujourd ’hui l’un The author originally started as a des hauts fonctionnaires, spécialisteBy Mr. George-Sp. trainee at President Delors’ cabinet at C. ATHANASOPOULOS reconnu de la libre circulation et de la the European Commission is now Harvard University, Graduate School of Design,and Student, sécurité sociale à la DG Emploi, AffairesBy Mr. George-Sp. one of the senior officials and recognised C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect sociales et Égalité des chances. C’est sur experts in the freedom of movement and Student of the School of Architecture la base de son expertise que ce juriste social security at DG Employment, Technical University of Crete qui, non content de fréquenter Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. 1. Introductory Defining the concept assidûment la Cour approach: de justice, enseigne It is on the basis of his expertise that this 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept aussi dans trois Universités françaises - a philosopher, legal expert, who notBC, content to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek (444 BC - 370 Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 time BC, Athens), bâti ANTISTHENIS, sa plaidoirie, enheritage partant duheconstat exlusively(444 his at the the among other wise left us, he established aspend great among other wiseduheritage he left us,definition he European established a great the que la prééminence droitstarts constitue le Court of Justice and teaching acquisition of knowledge with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. «fondement de l’ordre public at three French yniversities - has Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, thechosen term 1lequel européen», implique des launch appeal, basedthe on term the Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated atofirst, if (in nothis final, approach, (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification «limitations la1souveraineté nationale» observation that pre-eminence of law gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thethe area of Planning) (or Sociology asàwell), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various dans le processus d’intégration qui constitutes the «basis of European public Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, valent tant pour États membres order», which implies «limitations to ways), of social groups, usually ofque low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of les art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of pour les pays candidats. Ά l’aune de ce national sovereignty in the process of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof constat, il relative explore la question applying member states whatever otherbrièvement consequences has, resultsintegration also rising of landtoprices (and the potential speculation). de savoir ce qu’est réellement un «État and and canditate countries alike. In the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to européen» etgentrification ce que veut dire laatpeople of this observation, briefly The term found first inlight the UK in early 1960s andhe itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto «capacité d’intégration», mais il observe explores the question of what really is of a the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are surtout que l’Union, «fondée sur la «European state» and «integration London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. prééminence du“squeezed”. droit, est tenue de capacity». Above all, he points out that being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth respecter ses engagements vis-à-vis de la the Union «based pre-eminence» A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the workonofthe Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major Turquie», tous ses engagements depuis of law and «is bidden to respect its GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. l’Accord d’association d’Ankara qui, en commitments to Turkey», including all of cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has severalmade scholars and for itsAnkara more 1963,Since avait prévu la réalisation graduelle those since the then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from de la libre circulation travailleurs, ainsi Association Agreement, which, in 1963, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: que l’élimination des restrictions à la planned for the gradual accomplishment interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of amovement new of social groups liberté d’établissement et à laislibre of free of labour, as well as the to “return”des to the city, leaving purlieus forscrapping several reasons: high costs infreedom money prestation services, ouvrant the même la of restrictions on the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where workand place is,provision lack of the possibilité d’envisager, à terme, une of establishment free of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better adhésion de la Turquie. Ces intentions services. It even included the was possibility Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atenvisaging, the heart of thelong-term, city”,movements (possibly) ont étéUnemployment. ensuite concrétisées le left Germany of the Turkish Youth The same dans year she and afterin continuous for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies andadditionnel research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, Protocole entré enPrague, vigueur accession. These intentions were then in According 1943 regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became in the to another approach, is due ainsystematic and en 1973she - published qui a étéstudies ponctué parthe furtherInmade official theteacher Additional University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying l’achèvementy de l’Union douanière le Protocol, which entered into force in her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 31 décembre 1995 -etc., et for dans trois and characterised by the conclusion 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London1973 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm adécisions variety ofduways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, Conseil d’association of the Customs Union of 31 (actually December
62
21 11 25 65
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG.// R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
relatives aux droits sociaux des 1995. Three decisions by the Association travailleurs turcs. Curieusement, deux de Council on Turkish social and labour law ces décisions n’ont jamais été publiées au were also added to these achievements. Journal officiel, et la troisième ne l’a été Curiously, two of these decisions have qu’au titre de «communication», pas de never been published in the Official «législation», ce qui laissait aux États Journal and the third was only published membres les mains libres pour agir à leur as a «communication» and not guise. C’était compter sans l’interventionBy Mr. George-Sp. «legislation» ,C. which left it up to member ATHANASOPOULOS de la Cour européenne de Harvard justice qui, states to interpret asStudent, they so University, Graduate School of them Design, alors que ces différents textes neBy Mr. George-Sp. wished. ThisC.failed to count on the ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect semblaient pas contraignants, a intervention of the European Court of Student of the School of Architecture commencé, à partir de 1987, à les Justice (given that these different texts Technical University of Crete interpréter de manière extensive, en did not appear binding), which, as from 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept veillant à ce que le droit communautaire 1987, began to subject them to extensive 1. Introductory approach: the interpretation concept (444 BCand devienne, pour les travailleurs turcs, «un philosopher, ensure that ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370for BC, rempart contre les lois du marché, qui Community(444 law became, allAthens), Turkish among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he workers, established a greatagainst font du migrant un homme jetable après «a rampart the laws the of acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. emploi». En clair,onauthis fil“principle” d’une acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. market, which turns immigrants into Based, therefore, a the first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and cinquantaine d’arrêts qui“principle” sont tothe throw away afterthe work is Based, therefore, on this inindicated asomething first, if (in not final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1l’auteur commentés au même titre done». around fifty rulings, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology aspar well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theFollowing removal this, (in various que tousofles accords deasbase, la Courofa low-income faitof a city commented on by the author, as artists, he also Sociology as well), the “refining” area, from this, of (in various ways), social groups, usually andthe theremoval placement there en sorte que l’Accord d’association does with all the other basic agreements, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of devienne partie intégrante droit the European Justice, decided the operation ofconsequences art galleries,du restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis ofCourt landofprices (and theof communautaire et a ainsi permis que les that the Association Agreement should whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). travailleurs turcs puissent s’éloigner «de become an integral part of Community potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to allow Turkish l’extranéité pour pénétrer, partiellement, The term gentrification found atpeople first inlaw the UKsubsequently in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy toand buy property in poor workers to come in from the cold «and dans le cercle des citoyens de l’Union». the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof partially, penetrate the circle of citizens D’où ce commentaire du Pr. Lyon-Caen: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. of the Union». This explains why «L’on mesure mieux, grâce à cet ouvrage, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Professor asserts that, ce qu’apporte un processus de A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theLyon-Caen work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major «thanks to this book, we are bettermajor able juridification, tel que celui dont les Turcs GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. to measure how this judicial process has ont pu tirer profit». cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,de the issue has several scholars and citizens». for its more been of benefit to Turkish Toutefois, par ces Accord, Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized Nonetheless, via from these agreements, in Protocole et décisionsapproach tels qu»interprétes comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of thelaphenomenon of gentrification, the following: addition to the protocol and decisions par la Cour de justice, question se pose interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In de a sense, dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of socialCourt groups interpreted by the European of aussi savoirthe si phenomenon la Turquie, enisoutre to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Justice, there is also the question of nantie désormais de son statut de pays and time to témoigne travel from de the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackfrom of the whether Turkey, now benefiting its candidat, la même 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, status as candidate country, is subject to considération que l’Union pour «l’ordre Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at same the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) the the Union public baséeducation, sur la same prééminence Youtheuropéen Unemployment. The year she left Germany and consideration after continuousas for lower living cost question, of, in “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies andCette research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to public London, where with regard to, «European order du droit». Prodromos in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the tol’élude another approach, is due a systematic and based on the pre-eminence of law». MAVRIDIS ne pas, bien authe University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Prodromos MAVRIDIS does not contraire, instruit ce dossier avec la her work lui arequi characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban in attempt evade the of question and,web, on the même méticulosité juridique. Examen 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aréussi? variety ofcarences ways, inrestent order Abstract. to achieve the contrary, “assisted”, “voluntary”, tackles it with (actually the same Des patentes 66
252163 11
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. E¶. A¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN. / R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV.
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification meticulous judicial approach asterm he 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various tackles the rest of the book. Does he pull Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city off? area, the fromthere this, of (inTurkish various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement artists, There are obviously glaring ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, which is why the author the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.shortcomings, However this “change”, regardless of dans le chef d’Ankara. D’où la bonne the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless part ofof hisland conclusion, idea the putof whatever other de consequences has, alsoasrising pricesan (and idée de l’auteur citer, en guise de resultscites, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices the forward by Jacques Delors(and at the conclusion, un propos tenu par Jacques potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). of Palma «for Delors Collège européen de Theau term gentrification isParme founden at first inEuropean the UK inCollege early 1960s andinit2005, refers to The term gentrification found first in the UK in 1960s and itareas refers Turkey, it is aearly question whether the 2005: «Pour la Turquie, la question est deatpeople the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in of poor ofto European in the face ofareas rising the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyUnion, property in poor savoir si l’Union européenne, devant la sometimes London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof fundamentalism, otherness London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andrejection thus oldof residents are montée des intégrismes, du rejet de being indirectly “squeezed”. and violent attacks, has to say no, l’autre et la violence des attentats, doit being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth definitively. If it did, would be dire non, définitivement non.phenomenon En agissant A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inweother major reinforcing the feeling thatinthe Christian ainsi, nous renforcerions le sentiment que GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. world rejects the Muslim world. Should lecities monde chrétien rejette lebymonde in Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more weseveral not be scholars sending and out for a different musulman. Est-ce qu’il nehas fautpreoccupied pas Since then, the issue its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various message that below, demonstrates our openness donner le signe contraire, montrant notre comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thepassion following: of spirit, our through respect for ouverture d’esprit, notre passion par le interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aand new of social groups others their convictions, in favour of respect des autres et de leurs convictions, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus forthe several high costs money pathreasons: of dialogue andinmutual pour le chemin du dialogue et de la and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where This workisplace is, lack of the recognition? what the European reconnaissance mutuelle? C’est ce qu’a 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, has done by saying yes to fait le Conseil européen disant oui à la In 1932Council Berlin, where she made her first studies. she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”, (possibly) negotiations. Noof more than movements that. It is upfor négociation. Pas plus. Άsame chacun Youth Unemployment. The year de she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where to car all of us to demonstrate that we can studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, démontrer que l’onof, peut vivre ensemble, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and live together, in a spirit of diversity, dans un esprit de différences et sous University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying subject to bona fide rules acceptable to l’emprise du jeu acceptées par her workdes are règles characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realreste estate, etc., for depreciation initially part of the urban in all. The WIKIPEDIA: testofwill still need to beweb, taken, tous. Le à faire, authe cours 10th edit.test Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm through negotiations». a Gentrification: variety ofdes ways, in order Abstract. to achieve theprecisely “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually précisément négociations».
64
Michel Theys
Michel Theys 2521 11 67