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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Μεταρρύθμιση της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας Μία Κοινωνική αναγκαιότητα Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns
Του κ. Μάριου ΛΟΪΖΙΔΗ Φοιτητού Τμημ. Παν/μίου Νεάπολις, Πάφος ByΝομικής, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Εισαγωγή Μία από τις βασικότερες αρχές της Οργανωσιακής θεωρίας, είναι ότι οι Οργανισμοί θα πρέπει να βρίσκονται σε μία διαρκή 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept διαδικασία μελέτης, της ατομικής και ομαδικής συμπεριφοράς στο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), πλαίσιοother τηςwiseοργάνωσης στο χώρο εργασίας. ρόλος της among heritage he left us, he established a greatΟ“principle”: the among other wise heritage left us,definition he παρατηρεί, established aναgreat the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. Οργανωσιακής συμπεριφοράς είναι να ελέγχει, να εξηγεί acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term και προπάντων να προβλέπει τη συμπεριφορά. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) indicated area ofκαι Planning) (or gentrification Σκοπός της είναι να“principle” βοηθά ταisinδιοικητικά στελέχη, όχιthe μόνο, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various στην οργάνωση, διαχείριση και έλεγχο της εργασίας. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Παράλληλα δημιουργεί συνθήκες προσαρμογής σε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of μεταβαλλόμενες και καθώς και the operation ofconsequences artσυνθήκες galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has,προκλήσεις, results rising of “change”, landανακατανομής prices (and theof των πόρων τωνspeculation). οργανισμών, έτσι που ναalso εξασφαλίζεται η επιβίωση whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (andκαι the potential relative potential relative speculation). ανάπτυξή The termτης. gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to TheΗterm gentrification found first in the UK in earlyφιλελευθερισμού, 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor παγκοσμιοποίηση καιatηpeople επικράτηση του the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents έχουν επηρεάσει το πολιτικοοικονομικό περιβάλλον και are μεof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποκορύφωμα την παγκόσμια οικονομική ύφεση και κρίση, έχουν being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in και the work of Sociologist Ruth θέσει τα κράτη ενώπιον νέων, isσύνθετων ιδιαίτερα δύσκολων A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major προκλήσεων. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. παράμετρος τηςResearchers. λειτουργίας ενός and Κράτους είναι cities inΒασική Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more αναπόφευκτα η κρατική μηχανή, η οποία δεν κινεί μόνο τις κρατικές comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various υπηρεσίες, αλλά βασικά είναι ηof σπονδυλική στήλη και ο εγκέφαλος της interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations the gentrification, thecategory following: ανάπτυξης καιof τουphenomenon ιδιωτικού τομέα. τομέας είναι η In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof to a trendΟof aιδιωτικός new of social groups to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money βιομηχανία, τοcity, εμπόριο, ο τουρισμός, οι επενδύσεις (εγχώριες και and time to travel the ηpurlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εξωτερικού) καιfrom γενικά οικονομία. termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the ανάπτυξη distributed residencies outside town centres, Η υγιής προϋποθέτει ακριβώς την παράλληλη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year sheιδιωτικού left Germany και and after continuous ανάπτυξη και συνύπαρξη, του κρατικού μηχανισμού,for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, χωρίς ανταγωνιστικών στοιχείων. in According 1943την sheύπαρξη published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Αναγκαία μεταρρύθμιση GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Στην Κύπρο, διαχρονικά ο ιδιωτικός τομέας έχει καταφέρει να Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification αναπτυχθεί σε ένα ιδιαίτερα υψηλό επίπεδο, χρησιμοποιώντας νέες εργασιακές μεθόδους και την τεχνολογία, σε αντίθεση με τη Δημόσια Concerns Υπηρεσία. Αυτό το αξιοποίησαν ξένοι επενδυτές.
Έτσι, η Κύπρος επέτυχε να ανταγωνίζεται επί ίσοις όροις χώρες By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οικονομικά και τεχνολογικά αναπτυγμένες. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Αντίθετα η Δημόσια Υπηρεσία παρέμεινε καθηλωμένη σε μία By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οργανωτική διάρθρωση, η οποία χρονολογείται από την ίδρυση της Student of the School of Architecture Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας το 1960. Technical University of Crete Σήμερα η Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία χρειάζεται όσο ποτέ άλλοτε μία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δυνατή και εκσυγχρονισμένη Δημόσια Υπηρεσία, που να υπηρετεί και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient να ANTISTHENIS, εξυπηρετεί τον ΠολίτηGreek και philosopher, κατ΄επέκταση το δημόσιο κοινό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συμφέρον. Μία Δημόσια Υπηρεσία ευέλικτη στην υπηρεσία του απλού among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Πολίτη αλλά του Επιχειρηματία. acquisition ofκαι knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts.
Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban Οι τρέχουσες προκλήσεις gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ου αιώνα, δημιούργησε Η τρέχουσα συγκυρία στις αρχές του 21 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of την low-income and placement there of artists, για τηνofΚύπρο την ανάγκη, για έναρξη μίαςthe ριζικής αναμόρφωσης ή the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof καλύτεραother αναδιάρθρωσης της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας. whatever other consequences has, results also of landΑποκλειστική prices (and the potentialΗrelative speculation). ανακάλυψη υδρογονανθράκων στηνrising Κυπριακή potential relative speculation). The term gentrification at first in the UK λεκάνη in early 1960s it refers to Οικονομική Ζώνη, καιis found σε ολόκληρη την της and Ανατολικής The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μεσογείου, προσδίδει ένα ιδιαίτερο και στρατηγικό κομβικό ρόλοareas στηνof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. Το ρόλο sometimes αυτό ηthere Κ.Δ.andκαλείται να τον London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διαδραματίσει και ως εκπρόσωπος της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, αφού being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth είναιA το Κράτος περιοχή, που είναι μέλος της. πρέπει να description ofperiod, this στην phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Θα Sociologist Ruth GLASS atμόνο the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ληφθεί σοβαρά υπόψηbyκαι παράγοντας, ότι η Κύπρος είναι το cities in Western countries, otherοResearchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherβρίσκεται Researchers. Since then, the issue several and for its more μοναδικό Κράτος, το has οποίο εκτόςscholars της φλεγόμενης και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έκρυθμης ζώνης της Μέσης Ανατολής, σε αντίθεση με το Ισραήλ, comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Λίβανο και Αίγυπτο. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend new of social groups Οι ενεργειακοί σχεδιασμοί έχουνof aυπερβεί πλέον τα στενά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σύνορά μας και από σενάρια επιστημονικής φαντασίας, όπως ήταν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πριν1.of δύο δεκαετίες, έχουν καταστεί πλέον ευρωπαϊκοί Οιin The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthσχεδιασμοί. GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she ιδιωτικοί made her firstφορείς studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: εμπλεκόμενοι πρόκειται να διαθέσουν επενδυτικά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κεφάλαια, πολλαπλάσια Κυπριακού lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva,του Prague, London andΔΕΠ. Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943Η she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the οικονομική κρίση, ανέδειξε τις παθογένειες του συστήματος to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
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1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, Θεωρείται ως απαράδεκτο γεγονός πλέον και από τα ίδια τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Στελέχη της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας, ότι οι μεταρρυθμίσεις είναι αναγκαίο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. συστατικό στοιχείο, γιαstarts την αποτελμάτωση και the ανάπτυξή της. acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Γιαtherefore, να πετύχει ηgentrification) πλήρης έξοδος το(in Μνημόνιο θα πρέπει ο 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a από first, if not final, approach, the term urban is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μηχανισμός λειτουργίας της Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας να λειτουργήσει gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various υποστηρικτικά και παράλληλα, να ασκήσει τον εποπτικό και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofτον low-income and thethis placement of γίνει artists, υποστηρικτικό της ρόλο προς ιδιωτικό τομέα, ευέλικτα, για να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequencesτων has, επενδύσεων, results also rising land αναγκαίες prices (and για theof κατορθωτή η προσέλκυση πουofείναι whatever other consequences has, results Διαφορετικά also rising of land pricesθα (and the potential relative την τόνωση τηςspeculation). οικονομίας της αγοράς. η έξοδος είναι potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επισφαλής. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofiswealthy to buy property inθα poor Ηobserved πιθανότητα λύσης του Κυπριακού πρέπει να the then observed trend wealthy people to προβλήματος buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof βρει τη Δημόσια Υπηρεσία με τέτοιες δομές και βάσεις, που μπορεί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old να residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. να ανταποκριθεί στις νέες απαιτήσεις τόσο σε πολιτικό επίπεδο, όσο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth και A στο κοινωνικό και πεδίο. description ofperiod, this οικονομικό phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Η μεταρρύθμιση της Researchers. Δημόσιας Υπηρεσίας υπήρξε και cities in Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτα Researchers. Since then, the issue has several χρόνια. scholars Μετά and forαπό its more Κυβερνητική προτεραιότητα τελευταία μία Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σοβαρή και επιστημονική μελέτη, ελήφθησαν οι πολιτικές αποφάσεις comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: για την ολοκλήρωσή της. interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η ολοκλήρωση όμως προϋποθέτει τηcategory συγκατάθεση των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Συνδικαλιστικών Οργάνων των Δημοσίων Υπαλλήλων, των and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Κοινωνικών Εταίρων και residencies φυσικά των Πολιτικών Κομμάτων, πουin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: απαρτίζουν τη νομοθετική εξουσία. Λαμβάνοντας υπ΄όψιν τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παράγοντες αυτούς, θα πρέπει όλοι οι car εμπλεκόμενοι ναmarkets, αρθούν στο lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 sheπεριστάσεων published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the ύψος των και ακολουθώντας ταInκελεύσματα των καιρών, to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying να αφήσουν πίσω τις μικροπολιτικές σκοπιμότητες, τα προσωπικά her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of το partδάσος of the urban web,τα in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κίνητρα και με πνεύμα σύμπνοιας να «σώσουν και όχι Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδέντρο». variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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