E¶I£EøPH™H ΕΠΙΘΕΩΡΗΣΗ A¶OKENTPø™H™ ΑΠΟΚΕΝΤΡΩΣΗΣ Κείμενα / Articles GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, TO¶IKH™ ΤΟΠΙΚΗΣ Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification AYTO¢IOIKH™H™ ΑΥΤΟΔΙΟΙΚΗΣΗΣ Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ K›ÌÂÓ·/Articles Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ Concerns KAI ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΦΕΡEΙΑΚΗΣ Β. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ Στ. ΚΥΒΕΛΛΟΥ ∫ˆÓÛÙ. °∂. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√™ ANA¶TY•H™ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΞΗΣ Αντ. ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗΣ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC.GOV. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶.
Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Αν. ΜΕΛΙΤΖΑΝΗ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect £. ∫∞§§π∞¡√™ Λ. ΜΟΥΣΤΑΚΑΣ Student of the School of Architecture Σ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Technical University of Crete §.-™. ƒ∞∫π∆∑∏™ Δ. ΠΑΓΩΝΑ 1. Introductory approach: Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, ΠάφοςDefining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ¢. ∆™∞∫∞§∞∫∏™ Χρ. ΠΑΝΑΓΗ ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Ιωσήφamong ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: Γλ. ΡΕΠΠΑ acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Αγγ. ΤΣΑΚΛΑΓΚΑΝΟΣ acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Ελ. ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1ANA¶T. Ιωαν. Sociology ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ KENTPO EP.as¶EP. IÂÚ. ¢. ¶INTO™ gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Î·È AÓ. IÂÚ. ¶INTOY Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΕΡ. of ΠΕΡ. ΑΝΑΠΤ. Ιερ. Δ. ΠΙΝΤΟΣ ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of και Αν. Ιερ. ΠΙΝΤΟΥ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Georg. whatever - Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ελευθ. ΒΟΜΒΟΛΑΚΗΣ potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to M. CHRISTAKI The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Μ. - Σπ. the ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΣ then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Aθ. ΔΟΥΣΗΣ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Δημ. ΚΟΛΛΙΑΣ being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth °.™. ∫. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√™ Χρ. ΚΩΤΣΙΑΣ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Ειρ. ΛΑΦΤΣΗΣ G.- Sp. K. ATHANASOPOULOS GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Μ. MANTI °. ¢∞™∫∞§∞∫∏™ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Αικ. ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ ¢È‡ı. MÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡: Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ∂.ª. ∫. ∞£∞¡∞™√¶√À§√ Μαρ. Θ. ΤΡΟΥΠΗ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙ. YËÚÂۛ˜: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Αθ. ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: E. InA£ANA™O¶OY§O™ a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ανδρ. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ A. KYPA°°E§OY to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ορ. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑΣ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Εικοστό έκτο έτος συνεχούς έκδοσης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Διεύθ. Μεταφραστικού: Epitheorisi-athanasopoulos.webnode.gr Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: fiÁ‰ÔÔÓ ¤ÙÔ˜ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ¤Î‰ÔÛ˘ servicesUnemployment. of health, education, ¢¤Î·ÙÔÓ entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) she left Germany Υπεύθυνος and after continuous movements for Ε. - Μ. Κ.Youth ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥThe same year Επιστημονικός Έκδοσης lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. http : // library.panteion.gr/pandemos ñ EÏÏËÓÈο ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Διοικητ.studies Υπηρεσίες: in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and email:c.d.const.ge.athan@gmail.com in hephaestus.nup.ac.cy/Athanasopoulos Constantinos GE Ε. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by// a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS -ENGLISH DICTIONARY. http: library.panteion.gr/pandemos Ελληνικά περιοδικά Α. ΚΥΡΑΓΓΕΛΟΥ T‡¯Ô˜/N. 68 A£HNAI/ATHENES/ATHENS and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 2012 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Facebook.com/Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ε-mail: c.athanasopoulos@nup.ac.cy Googlescolar.com 2521 111 Τηλ.:0030/6944.626140, 0030/210.8647120, Fax:0030/210.8658868
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REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION D' ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL ✸
REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Τεύχος / Ν. 98 ΑΘΗΝΑΙ / ATHENES / ATHENS 2019
E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶. AYT. ¶EP. AN./¶EP. / R.DEC. LOC. DEV. REG. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶.AYT. A¶. TO¶. AYT. AN.ADM. /ADM. R.DEC. ADM. LOC. DEV. REG. /LOC. R. DEC. LOC. GOV. REG. DEV. E¶. ¶EP. AN. R.DEC. LOC. DEV. REG. / R. GOV. REG. DEV. KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ °E. A£ANA™O¶OY§O™
K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂ. KÔÈÓ. Î·È ¶ÔÏ. EÈÛÙËÌ., competence of state affairs in their Region, based on Article 101 of current ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ AıËÓÒÓ (EÈÛÎ.), Constitution.3 Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Abolition of the 13 Regions of the Government Decree of 6/3/1987. 13 new ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 98/2019/ ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ/SOMMAIRE/CONTENTS Regions come in their place (Organizations of second grade local government) along with the municipalities (Organizations of first grade) as an expression of popular sovereignty, they consist a fundamental institution of the Greek public life, Σελ./P. 4 and the as guaranteed by the provisions of Article 102 of the current Constitution E¶IKOINøNIA -Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Const. GE. C. ATHANASOPOULOS: Τοις By Mr./ George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS 5 European Charter Local Self-Government. Εντευξομένοις, Ήof KOINH Περί αναπτυξιακών Τοπικών Harvard University, Graduate Schoolδράσεων of Design, Student, °NøMH Abolition from 1/1/2011 of Local Government of second grade, Bythe Mr.Prefecture, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Αυτοδιοικούμενων Δομών: Κράτη Μέλη Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Architect συγκριτική EI¢H ¢HMO™IOTHTA™ the Schoolwas of Architecture as it was provided by Law 1622/1986Student (whichofultimately not implemented 3 επισκόπηση…………………………………………………………………………………………… AN£Pø¶INE™ ™XE™EI™ Technical University Crete -Μ.-Σπ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΣ: ¢IAºHMI™H Επιχειρηματικότητα και Ανάπτυξη: ofΘέματα επιτυχούς Επιστημονικής Ημερίδας………………………………………………………... 13 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept MARKETING -Ι. ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ: Το “brain drain” και οι προσπάθειες ανάσχεσής του…. 15 1. Introductory approach: Defining the1975/1986/2001/2008: concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 3. Article 101 current Constitution ANTISTHENIS, theofancient Greek philosopher, ¶PO¶A°AN¢A ñ State’s administration is Matters” organized according toτουριστική the decentralized system. και την -Ι. ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ: “Culture για την ανάπτυξη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,country he established a the great the social and TO «¶PO´ON» TøN ME™øN ñ Administrative division of the is formed on basis of geo-economic, αξιοποίηση του πολιτιστικού αποθέματος………………………………………………. 20 among transport other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: conditions. MAZIKH™ E¶IKOINøNIA™ acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the -Βράβευση του Καθηγητού ΜΠΑΜΠΙΝΙΩΤΗ από τον on Πρόεδρο ñof Regional Institutions of theΓεώργιου State have decisive competence issues of their acquisition knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based,province. therefore, on this “principle” in agenerally first, if not final, approach, the term ENNOIA KAI £EøPHTIKH £EME§Iø™H CentralΔημοκρατίας Government, apart from ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑΔΗ……………………………….. special cases, has the general direction, coordination της Κυπριακής κ. Νίκο 26 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” ininstitutions a ™XE™EøN first, if (in not final, approach, the term TøN ¢HMO™IøN (andofurban gentrification) is indicated the area Planning) (or gentrification and control legitimacy of the Regional as provided byof law. 1 -Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ: Προς μια Ευρώπη των εθνικών συμφερόντων;………... gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (inact thenormative, areathis, of Planning) (or to take27 Common legislator and Administration, when they they are obliged Sociology asñwell), as the “refining” of a¢HMO™IøN cityisarea, the removal from (in various OI(and «APXE™» TøN ™XE™EøN -Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ: Επιχειρηματικότητα και μισθωτή εργασία: Αντιθέσεις και thethe special conditions island andthe mountainous areas, ensuring their growth. Sociology asaccount well), as “refining” of aofcity area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of into social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement there of H OP°ANø™H TøN Y¶HPE™IøN Article 101A συμφωνίες……………………………………………………………………………………………... 29 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”, regardless of TøN ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN Where Constitution provides for theHowever establishment and operation of an Independent -Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ: Ταξιδεύουμε σε θάλασσες επικίνδυνες. Ο Γιώργος the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whateverAuthority, otherTA consequences results of prices (andbythe itsME™A Members TøN are has, appointed for aalso fixedrising tenure andland they are governed personal and ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN ΘΕΟΤΟΚΑΣ και η Κύπρος………………………………………………………………………... 39 functional independence, as specified by law.also rising of land prices (and the whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results potential relative TY¶O™, TH§EOPA™H 4. Article 102 of thePA¢IOºøNIA, Constitution 1975/1986/2001/2008: -ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ……………………………………………………………………………… potential relative speculation). The termñgentrification islocal found at first in the UKGovernment in early 1960s and it refers toand second40 Administration of affairs belongs to Local Organizations of first INTERNET Παρουσία του Προέδρου Δημοκρατίας Επίδοση Τιμητικού Τόμου στον The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersof to the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor grade. TO ¢E§TIO TY¶OY the then observed trend wealthy people to buyisproperty in poor areas Καθηγητή, Πρ. Υπουργό Αντ. ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ……………................................................. To Local Government Organizations there presumption of competence London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof for the41 administration of localthemselves affaires. Law defines the extend and types local affairs London, upgrade them, stay sometimes there and thus old of residents are and the56 H ¢EONTO§O°IA TøN ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN -Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος………………………………………………………….. being indirectly “squeezed”. distribution between each grade. Law may delegate to Local Government organizations the being indirectly “squeezed”. -Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Υπόγεια - Ημιυπόγεια και work Παράσιτα……………………….. 58 NOMIKE™ PY£MI™EI™ A description this phenomenon is included of Sociologist Ruth exercise ofof powers that consist state’s mission. in the A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth -Διάλεξη Καθηγ. Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ στο Δήμο Πάφου, Κύπρος…... 61 ñ Local Government Organizations have administrative and financial autonomy. Their GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major H TEXNIKH TH™ similar ¶PO™ø¶IKH™ ¶POBO§H™ authorities are elected by universal and secret voting, as provided by law. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ: Πικάσσο / Εργα σε πηλό. Πικάσσο και Αρχαιότητα cities in-Ελ. Western countries, bythe other Researchers. EI¢IKA £EMATA ¢HMO™IøN ™XE™EøN ñ Law may provide establishment of compulsory or voluntary associations of Local cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. / Government Γραμμή και πηλός. Παράλληλες εκθέσεις………………………………………………. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for associations its more may be62 Organizations for works or provision of services. These H ¶EPI¶Tø™H TH™ E§§HNIKH™ A™TYNOMIA™ Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for itsΔιά more administrated by elected bodies -Δημ. ΠΑΓΩΝΑ, Γλυκ. Π.preoccupied ΡΕΠΠΑ, Λ. ΜΟΥΣΤΑΚΑΣ: Οfrom ρόλος τηςvarious Βίου comprehensive approach are being summarized Νέα έκδοση ñ State exercises supervision over Local Governmentbelow, Organizations, which concerns solely to comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various συμβουλευτικής και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού στην Άρση interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 2010 legitimacy control and it isAı‹Ó·È, not allowed to block their initiative and freedom of action. Legitimacy 2018 interpretations theΣυμμετοχή phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theisof phenomenon isΑθήναι, due toby a law. trend of a new oftosocial groups Εμποδίων για Ενηλίκων σεDisciplinary Πρόγραμμα Κατάρτισης………………. 65 control exercised as provided sanctions elected bodies of local administration, apart from cases involving automatic deduction or idleness, are being applied to “return” the city, leaving the purlieus several high costs in money in -Μ. to CHRISTAKI: Everyone has theforright to areasons: nationality “Statelessness only with the consent of a Council, consisted at majority of regular judges, as provided by law. and timeGreece”…………………………………………………………………………………………………. to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 75 ñ The State takesEπείγ�υσα all the legislative, regulatory and fiscal measures needed to ensure economic ανακ�ίνωση term from Sociologist Ruth την GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born in and the sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, independence and provides theκατά necessary resources for the accomplishment of better the tasks -Χρ. ΠΑΝΑΓΗ: Σφάλματα Αξιολόγηση Ανθρωπίνου Δυναμικού Berlin, where she of made her first studies. 1932 published an important study entitled: exercise competences ofεπιθυµείτε LocalIn Government Organizations with simultaneous ensuring of Παρακαλείσθε θερµώς �σ�ι ναshe λαµ�άνετε τακτικώς στ� µέλλ�ν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) και Τρόποι Αποφυγής…………………………………………………………………………….. 84 Youth Unemployment. same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for the and transparency The in the management of these resources. Law defines the relative with την EΠIΘEΩPHΣH AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. -research Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS: Design and Construction: The role of new studies-G. and in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where distribution, among Local Government Organizations of taxes or fees, determined in their favour, and in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became in the to Local88 According to by another approach, the is27 due a systematic and Φεβρουαρίου 2020µ.X. μ.Χ. KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ, �πως µέ�ρι 20 �κτω�ρί�υ 2012 collected State. Each transferral of phenomenon competences from state’s central orteacher regional bodies technologies ………………………….………………………………………………………………. University College of London, where she her social research. Her public andregarding Government impliesby transfer of continued corresponding resources. Law brokers provides the relative long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying την συνδρ�µή σας επ’ �ν�µατι κυρίας -Αικ. Π.απ�στείλετε ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ, Ορ. Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑΣ: Κατάργηση δυνατότητας her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. definition and collecting of local revenues directly from COLLINS Local Government organizations. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially ofέμμεση part of the urban web,have in become92 A. Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, Aθήναι 5. COLLINS Because ofεκτελεστικής their importance, issues2009. of 11257 Local Government Organizations 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αναστολής τηςKYPAΓΓEΛOY, διαδικασίας στην εκτέλεση…………… of ain series of Abstract. Conferences, International Conferences as well as regulations at G.επικ�ινωνήσετε ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietysubject ofή να ways, order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually σ�ετικώς µε την Γραµµατεία Έκδ�σης,
GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns ¢HMO™IE™ ™XE™EI™
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Τοις Eντευξομένοις GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Ή Definition, of ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Περίintervention, αναπτυξιακών δράσεων Τοπικών Αυτοδιοικούμενων Δομών: Concerns Κράτη Μέλη Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, συγκριτική επισκόπηση
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Student of the School of Architecture Καθηγητού Νομικής Σχολής Technical University of Crete
και Μεταπτ. Προγραμμάτων Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Καθηγητού Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών, 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC, Athens), Ομοτ. Καθηγητού ΠΑΝΤΕΙΟΥ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,Π.Κ.Π.Ε., Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Ex Ch. L. U. L., Bruxelles, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ex Int. Paris, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of I.I.A.P., concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Δικηγόρου, 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification παρ΄ Α.Π., Σ.τ.Ε., Ελ. Ε.Ε. Σ. τ. Ευρ., 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification indicated (inΣ., theΔικ. area ofκαι Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various Κατόχου Τιμητ. Διακρ. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income theEUROPEEN placementDES there artists, LEand PRIX 12of ETOILES ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Οι relative εξελίξεις και οι εμφανισθείσες νέες rising συνθήκες ζωής κατά whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also of land prices (andτις the potential τελευταίες δεκαετίες, εξελίξεις και συνθήκες, πολιτικές, κοινωνικές, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to οικονομικές, δημογραφικές, περιβαλλοντολογικές, πολιτιστικές, The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor δημιούργησαν πολλές, sui togeneris ανάγκες, τις areas οποίες the then observed trend of wealthyκαι people buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stayιδιότυπες themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stayεν themselves sometimes there and old residents are σπεύδουν να καλύψουν, τω μέτρω του εφικτού, τα thus σύγχρονα Κράτη being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Δυτικού Τύπου, (δηλαδή Κράτη Δικαίου και Πρόνοιας), είτε διότι οι A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth Πολίτες να phenomenon τιςwhile καλύψουν, είτε διότι αυτά ταofίδια, πρέπει να GLASS atαδυνατούν the same similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western byτους otherως Researchers. δικαιώσουν τηνcountries, αποστολή Κρατών Δικαίου και Πρόνοιας. cities countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars andμοιραίως for its more Ηin Western προσέγγιση όμως αυτών των several αναγκών οδηγεί σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from «μετάλλαξη», «αναμόρφωση», «μεταποίηση» των δομών τους, εν σχέσει με comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theσυνθήκες following: τα κατά το παρελθόν, και υπό διάφορες βεβαίως ισχύοντα και interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups «εναποθέτει» επ΄αυτών νέες αρμοδιότητες, νέα νομικά μορφώματα, νέες to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δραστηριότητες, νέες μορφές θετικών παρεμβάσεων, αλλά και «μειώνει», and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ενίοτε, το εύρος των παραδοσιακών αρμοδιοτήτων τους,wasαφού termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better καταδεικνύει την ανάγκη τους άσκηση σε τρίτους την Berlin, where she made her firstεκχώρησής studies. In 1932 sheπρος published an important study ή entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous for άσκησή τους εν συνεργασία με τρίτους, ανεξαρτήτως της νομικής lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, υπόστασης των τρίτων. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of where she continued her social research.περιλαμβάνονται Her public and Μεταξύ τωνLondon, «αναπόφευκτων» δομικών αλλαγών long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. οιher νέες, αρμοδιοτήτων διοικητικές δομές Περιφερειών, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partτων of the urban web, in 10th edit.διευρυμένων Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm τη διοικητική τηνAbstract. προσέγγιση όρου), των Νομών a(υπό variety of ways, inκαι order toοικονομική achieve the “assisted”,του “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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ή Νομαρχιακών Αυτοδιοικήσεων και των Δήμων, οι οποίες χωρίς να αφίστανται της παραδοσιακής αποστολής τους, καλούνται να διαδραματίσουν νέο, σύνθετο, πολύπλοκο, ουσιώδη ρόλο, για την εξυπηρέτηση των πολιτών, τόσο επί «παραδοσιακών» πεδίων, όσο και επί νέων τομέων, π.χ. χρηματοδότηση ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων. Προς τις «μεταλλαγμένες» αυτές δομές, προσβλέπουν μετά μεγίστων προσδοκιών, τόσο το σύγχρονο Κράτος και C. Προνοίας, όσο και δύο By Mr.Δικαίου George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS άλλες κατηγορίες εμπλεκομένων: οι Τοπικοί Αιρετοί και ofοιDesign, Πολίτες Μέλη Harvard University, Graduate School Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS των Τοπικών Κοινωνιών: το ByΚράτος επιχειρώντας να καταστεί Architect Student of the School of Architecture «λειτουργικότερο», με την αποκοπή δραστηριοτήτων ποικίλλων, αλλά Technical University of Crete τοπικής εμβέλειας, οι Τοπικοί Αιρετοί υπό το κράτος φιλόδοξων επιλογών και1.οιIntroductory τρίτοι, οι Πολίτες, αναμένοντες την μέσω συλλογικών παρεμβάσεων approach: Defining the concept διευθέτηση ζωτικού χαρακτήρος υποθέσεών και αναγκών τους, 1. Introductory approach: the conceptτους ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), όπως π.χ. η υποβοήθηση της ανάπτυξης. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage heτοπικής left us, he established(444 a great the Η Τοπική Αυτοδιοίκηση, ιδίως του Γ΄ βαθμού (επίπεδο Περιφέρειας), among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the προσφέρεται δίνειonτην εικόνα, ότιthe προσφέρεται, περισσότερο απόthe ό,τι το acquisition of ήknowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, term 1 Based,Κράτος, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Κεντρικό το ίδιο το νομικό πρόσωπο της Πολιτείας, λόγω (and δηλαδή urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification του μεγέθους των Πολιτικών καιa city Διοικητικών Μονάδων της,(inγια την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of area, the removal from this, various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement artists, ανάληψη νέων πρωτοβουλιών, δράσεων και καθηκόντων και of για την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationεισαγωγής of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ανάληψη συμμετοχικών οικονομικών διαδικασιών και the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and και theof συμπράξεων, επί σκοπώrestaurants, παραγωγής ποιοτικώς καλλιτέρου whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative θεματολογικώς διευρυμένου έργου τοπικής εμβέλειας, επ΄ωφελεία των potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to υπ΄αυτής διοικουμένων. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then trend ofτης to buy property in poor Τα observed πλεονεκτήματα Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης Γ΄ βαθμού, (επίπεδο the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Περιφέρειας), συμποσούνται εν προκειμένω, καιthere εν τίνι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes andμέτρω thus oldοφείλονται, residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στο μέγεθος διοικητικών μονάδων της, πλην εξαιρέσεων, στην being indirectlyτων “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εγγύτητα τηςsame δομής τους, σε σχέση το Κράτος, τους Πολίτες, στον A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isμε included inwere theμε work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar situations recorded in other major νέο της ρόλο ως μοχλού ενδογενούς ανάπτυξης, στην δυνατότητα άμεσης GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. αναθεώρησης αστόχων αποφάσεων, κ.ά. scholars and for its more Since then, τυχόν the issue has several Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for various its more Μεταξύ των νέων are αρμοδιοτήτων, τις οποίες οιandΠεριφέρειες comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the καλούνται ναof the ασκήσουν, είναι και εκείνεςtheεπενδυτικού εν various γένει interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aπρος trend τους of a new of social groups χαρακτήρος, επί σκοπώ παροχής Πολίτες υπηρεσιών και to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus reasons: high costs in money αγαθών τέτοιας υφής, που the αυτοί, είτε for δενseveral μπορούν να παραγάγουν, λόγω and to travel the purlieus downtown, place is, of the της time φύσης των from πραγμάτων γιαtoτον εαυτό where τους, work είτε γιατί τοlack σχετικό 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, κόστος είναι γι΄αυτούς αποτρεπτικό, είτε γιατί το μέγεθος born τηςin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Περιφέρειας λειτουργεί αποτρεπτικώς. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc. studies research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameχαρακτήρος back to London, where Ηand ανάληψη τέτοιων δραστηριοτήτων επενδυτικού από in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and τις Περιφέρειες καθίσταται συνεχώς περισσότερον επιτακτική, λόγω των University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. νέων συνθηκών, παγκοσμιοποίησης, ισοπέδωσης και «ομογενοποίησης» and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αρχών και αξιών κ.ά., δεδομένου, ότι τελικώς οι Περιφέρειες G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually «εμπεριέχουν» μεγέθη, (γεωγραφικά, δημογραφικά, οικιστικά, πρώτων
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
υλών, αναγκών κατανάλωσης κ.ά.), τα οποία, είτε επιτρέπουν, είτε επιβάλλουν την «εμπλοκή» τους σε επενδυτικές δραστηριότητες αυτών των ιδίων, των Περιφερειών δηλαδή, τρίτων ή συμπραττόντων από κοινού πολυμερών σχημάτων, (Κράτος, Περιφέρειες, Νομοί, Δήμοι, Ιδιώτες, Αλλοδαπά νομικά μορφώματα). Οι επί μέρους αυτές λειτουργίες, δραστηριότητες και θετικές δράσεις, ουσιαστικώς συνθέτουν μεθοδολογικώς την έννοια της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οικονομικής πολιτικής,Harvard ανεξαρτήτως αυτήSchool ασκείται εν Student, πλήρει University,εάν Graduate of Design, By Mr.προγράμματος, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS συνειδήσει, βάσει γενικου ή ειδικού αποσπασματικώς, Architect of the School of Architecture περιστασιακώς ή επί τακτικής βάσεως, Student υπό καθεστώς μονοπωλίου, ή Technical University of Crete πλήρους ανταγωνισμού, με πόρους προερχομένους εκ της Κεντρικής Διοικήσεως ή «παραγομένους» (μέσω φόρων, εισφορών, τελών, κ.ά.) 1. Introductory approach: Defining theπ.χ. concept επίANTISTHENIS, τόπου, εντός των διοικητικών ορίων(444της Περιφέρειας, ή 1. Introductory approach: the concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), προερχομένους της Ένωσης, ή, τέλος, προερχομένους εκ ANTISTHENIS, the Ευρωπαϊκής ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseεκheritage he left us, he established a great the δανείων. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Σχετικώς παρατίθενται εδώ the στοιχεία αναπτυξιακών δράσεων acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first,περί if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the της term Τοπικών Αυτοδιοικουμένων δομώνis διαφόρων Κρατών (and urban gentrification) area of Μελών Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης προς αξιοποίηση εις the τα removal καθ΄ημάς τηςthis, μακράς και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from (in various Sociology as well), asεμπειρίας. the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement επιτυχούς διεθνούς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ΒΕΛΓΙΟ whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Πρώτο Σύνταγμα έτους 1831 μ.Χ. potential relative speculation). TheΟργάνωση term gentrification is found at first in the UK inέτος early1980. 1960s and it refers to Περιφερειακών Τοπικών Δομών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property poor Η οικονομική πολιτική του Βελγίου καθορίζεται από in ένα συνδυασμό the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Κεντρικής και Περιφερειακής Πολιτικής. Αυτό είναι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereαπολύτως and thus oldκατανοητό, residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. δεδομένου του ομοσπονδιακού χαρακτήρος της Χώρας. Όμως το θεσμικό being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth πλαίσιο πολιτικής καθορίζεται σε κεντρικό επίπεδο, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτης theδημοσιονομικής same while similar in other major προκειμένου να υπάρξει ενότητα και να αποφευχθεί η δυσλειτουργία της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. οικονομίας απόthe άτακτες και περιφερειακές δράσεις. Since then, issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Παραλλήλως, οι Περιφέρειες είναι αποκλειστικώς υπεύθυνες για την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various παροχή επενδυτικών κινήτρων. Αναλυτικότερα, οι επιχορηγήσεις interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the Περιφέρειες phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, από theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups παρέχονται τις στις επιχειρήσεις, που εγκαθίστανται ή to “return” toστην the city, leaving the purlieus reasons: high costs in money επενδύουν οικεία Περιφέρεια και for δενseveral είναι ανανεώσιμες. Αυτές έχουν and to travel the purlieus downtown, where work place lack of the την time μορφή, είτεfrom μειώσεως τωνtoεπιτοκίων δανεισμού, είτε is,χορήγησης 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, μετρητών (κεφαλαίων), είτε αποτελούν συνδυασμό καιRuth τωνsearch δύο μεθόδων, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of από the city”, (possibly) αναλόγως με τοeducation, αν η επένδυση δάνεια, απόfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she leftχρηματοδοτείται Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, αυτοχρηματοδότηση ή απόPrague, κάποιο συνδυασμό τους. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Τα συστήματα και where το μέγεθος της χρηματοδότησης, διαφέρουν από University College of London, she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Περιφέρεια σε Περιφέρεια και for εξαρτώνται απόCOLLINS ποικίλους παράγοντες, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: όπως τον αριθμό των νέων θέσεων εργασίας, που δημιουργούνται, την G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ελκυστικότητα, που παρέχει η κάθε Περιφέρεια για την επένδυση αυτή,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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την χρήση καινοτόμων τεχνολογιών κ.ά. Γενικώς η ανώτατη χρηματοδότηση που μπορεί να δοθεί είναι 21% επί της επιλεγόμενης επένδυσης. Όσον αφορά στα επενδυτικά κίνητρα που παρέχονται αυτά είναι τα ακόλουθα: α. Περιφέρεια Βρυξελλών Παρέχονται: By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS - Επιχορηγήσεις εξοπλισμού, κτιριακών εγκαταστάσεων έρευνας και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS τεχνολογίας. Architect Student ofπου the School of Architecture - Επιχορηγήσεις συγκεκριμένων επενδύσεων, σχετίζονται με την Technical University προστασία του περιβάλλοντος, τον καθαρισμό των υδάτων,of Crete την ορθολογικότερη αξιοποίηση των ενεργειακών πόρων κ.τ.λ. Για να τύχουν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept επιχορήγησης οι approach: συγκεκριμένες επενδύσεις πρέπει να συνδέονται με 1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), παραγωγικές διαδικασίες της Περιφέρειας. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Μέχρι και 50% επιδοτήσεις για διεξαγωγή βιομηχανικής έρευνας. the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. - Επιχορηγήσεις acquisition of knowledge starts with προσωπικού. theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on κατάρτισης this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aμια first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term - Φορολογικές ελαφρύνσεις: πριν επιχείρηση εκκινήσει, μπορεί (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification να υποβάλλει αίτηση σε μίαofσυγκεκριμένη Υπηρεσία, που(inθα την Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, various Sociology as well), as δεκαπέντε the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ενημερώσει εντός ημερών για το συνολικό ποσοστό της ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation στο of artοποίο galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of φορολογίας θα υπόκειται. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc. However regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Τέλος, λειτουργεί η restaurants, Υπηρεσία Επιχειρήσεων Βρυξελλών (ΒΕΑ). whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Πρόκειται για consequences κρατική Υπηρεσία μίας στάσης, η οποία παρέχει potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συμβουλευτικές υπηρεσίες σε επιχειρήσεις, που δραστηριοποιούνται ή The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor επιθυμούν να δραστηριοποιηθούν στις Βρυξέλλες. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. β.indirectly Περιφέρεια Φλαμανδίας being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Περιφέρεια της Φλαμανδίας παρέχονται τα εξής AΣτην description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inεπενδυτικά other major κίνητρα: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. -Οικονομικές Ενισχύσεις. Προκειμένου η Κυβέρνηση Since then, the issue has several scholars της and Φλαμανδίας for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more να ενισχύσει επιχειρήσεις, ένα σύνολο οικονομικών ενισχύσεων σε comprehensive approach παρέχει are being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ήδη υπάρχουσες επιχειρήσεις, όμως δεν interpretations of the phenomenonοιofοποίες gentrification, the μπορούν following: να υπερβούν interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups τα 8.000.000 εκατομμύρια ευρώ. to “return” to the city, κίνητρα, leaving theμεpurlieus for ρυθμίσεις several reasons: high costs in money - Φορολογικά ευνοϊκές για τις Μικρο-Μεσαίες and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Επιχειρήσεις. termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, -The Κίνητρα απασχόλησης και Ruth κατάρτισης προσωπικού. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,έρευνας education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Κίνητρα καιentertainment τεχνολογίας. Youth-Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and γ. Περιφέρεια Βαλλονίας University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterizedτης by a Βαλλονίας passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ΣτηareΠεριφέρεια παρέχονται τα ακόλουθα επενδυτικά and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κίνητρα: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually - Οικονομικές ενισχύσεις που αγγίζουν το ποσοστό του 21% επί του
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
συνολικού ποσοστού της επένδυσης. -Επιχορηγήσεις για κτιριακές εγκαταστάσεις, νέο εξοπλισμό και οχήματα πέραν των 4 τόννων. -Επιδοτήσεις σε βασικά ερευνητικά προγράμματα, οι οποίες αγγίζουν το 70% του κόστους.
- Ενισχύσεις σε νέες επιχειρήσεις. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS -Ενισχύσεις σε Harvard επιχειρήσεις, που επιθυμούν ναDesign, αναπτύξουν University, Graduate School of Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS εξαγωγικές δραστηριότητες. Architect Student of the School of Architecture - Ενισχύσεις του εργατικού δυναμικού (επιδόματα, προγράμματα Technical University of Crete κατάρτισης κ.ά.). Παραλλήλως, λειτουργούν διάφοροι 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Φορείς προσέλκυσης επενδύσεων, όπως: 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Γενική Διεύθυνση για την Οικονομία και την(444 Εργασία (DGEE). ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Γενική Διεύθυνση για τις Τεχνολογίες, την Έρευνα και την Εργασία among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. (DGTRE). acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, onΕπενδυτών this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term - Γραφείο Ξένων (ΟFI). urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification - Υπηρεσία Εξαγωγών της Περιφέρειας τηςremoval Βαλλονίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from(AWEX). this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there -ofΈνωση Επενδύσεων της Περιφέρειας της Βαλλονίας (SRIW). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ΓΑΛΛΙΑ whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Δήμοι και consequences Κοινότητες, προϋπήρχαν της Γαλλικής Επανάστασης. potential relative speculation). TheΕισαγωγή term gentrification is foundσεatΝομούς. first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 1789: της διαίρεσης The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Περιφέρειες: Ολοκληρώνεται δομή τους κατά την δεκαετία 1980. the then observed trend wealthyηsometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Σήμερα: 22 them, Μητροπολιτικές Περιφέρειες, Υπερποντίων London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes4there and thus oldΕδαφών. residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το σύστημα ευνοεί την αποκέντρωση και την ενίσχυση του θεσμού being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της A Περιφέρειας και τωνphenomenon Δήμων. Οι Περιφέρειες συμμετέχουν όχι μόνοmajor στη description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other σχεδίαση και στις δαπάνες των αναπτυξιακών προγραμμάτων, αλλά και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. στον τομέα των ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, οι Περιφέρειες Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then,στην the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more συμμετέχουν προσέλκυση ξένων επενδύσεων προβαίνοντας σε comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δραστηριότητες, οιphenomenon οποίες διαφέρουν από Περιφέρεια σε Περιφέρεια interpretations of the of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aκαι trend a new of social groups αναλόγως μεthe τις εκάστοτε ανάγκες τιςofκοινωνικές, γεωγραφικές και to “return” to συνθήκες. the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οικονομικές and time to travel from the purlieusκίνητρα: to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Παρέχονται τα ακόλουθα The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, - Επιχορηγήσεις για την Δημιουργία νέων Εταιρειών. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofεργασίας. the city”,movements (possibly)for Επιχορηγήσεις την δημιουργία νέων θέσεων Youth-Unemployment. Theγια same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.την studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York sheμε came to London, where -Προώθηση δραστηριοτήτων, πουand σχετίζονται τηνback έρευνα και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and τεχνολογία. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also:Χρηματοδότησης COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Λειτουργεί Περιφερειακό Ταμείο νέων and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επιχειρηματικών δραστηριοτήτων, όπως: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually -Επιχειρήσεις μεταφοράς τεχνολογίας.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
8
-Επιδότηση συγκεκριμένων δραστηριοτήτων ανά Περιφέρεια. Τα προγράμματα αυτά ποικίλλουν από Περιφέρεια σε Περιφέρεια με σκοπό την αξιοποίηση των Τοπικών παραγωγικών δυνατοτήτων (γεωργία, ξυλεία, τουρισμός) και την διάδοση της τεχνολογίας και της καινοτομίας. Παραλλήλως σε κάθε Περιφέρεια λειτουργεί Ειδική Υπηρεσία Προσέλκυσης Ξένων Επενδύσεων. Τέλος, στη δράση των Περιφερειών συνδράμει το Υπουργείο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης, παρέχοντας σε School συνεργασία τα Harvard University, Graduate of Design, με Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Περιφερειακά Όργανα πρόσθετες ενισχύσεις. Architect of themutatis School of Architecture Επισημαίνεται, ότι, τηρουμένων των Student αναλογιών, mutandis, η Technical University of Crete Γαλλία, θεωρείται ως η Χώρα εκείνη, η οποία πρωτοπορούσα εισήγαγε μηχανισμούς αυτονόμων δράσεων σε επίπεδο Περιφέρειας 1. Introductory approach:επενδυτικών Defining the concept αμέσως μετά τον Β΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the ΙΡΛΑΝΔΙΑ among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Α΄ Σύνταγμα: 1937. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term Πρώτες ρυθμίσεις περί Περιφερειών το έτος 1994. (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Το έτος 1999 μ.Χ.“refining” συγκροτήθηκαν 2 Περιφέρειες χωρικής Sociology as well), as the of a city area, the removalευρύτερης from this, (in various Sociology asμε well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement διάστασης, σκοπό την αξιοποίηση Κοινοτικών Πόρων. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, of Εισαγωγικώς αναφέρεται, ότιetc.οι Περιφέρειες της regardless Ιρλανδίας, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results των also rising of land prices (and theof «εμπλέκονται» και στον σχεδιασμό Προγραμμάτων Δημοσίων whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Επενδύσεων, υπόconsequences διάφορες εκφάνσεις. potential relative speculation). TheΠροβλέπονται: term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor -Επισήμανση των αναγκών κάθε Περιφέρειας. the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof -Προετοιμασία Προγράμματος Σχεδιασμού και London, upgrade them,του stayΠεριφερειακού themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ανάπτυξης. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τωνphenomenon Προγραμμάτων Ανάπτυξης των of Τοπικών A-Επιθεώρηση description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in otherΑρχών major κάθε Περιφέρειας. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. -Κατάρτιση της has περιφερειακής οικονομικής σε Since then, the issue several scholarsστρατηγικής and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more συνεργασία με κρατικούς comprehensive approachφορείς. are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized the various -Προετοιμασία προσχεδίων προϋπολογισμού των from δαπανών των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Περιφερειών κ.ά. to “return” to the city,του leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η εισαγωγή θεσμού των Περιφερειών στην Ιρλανδία έγινε με and time σκοπό to travelτην fromαποτελεσματική the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the βασικό διαχείριση των Κοινοτικών πόρων. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense the distributed residencies outside town centres, Έτσι, οιsafety αρμοδιότητες των Περιφερειών όσον αφορά στην προσέλκυση Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofδημιουργίας the city”,movements (possibly) ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων σε επίπεδο τωνfor Youth Unemployment. The sameασκούνται year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, απαραίτητων τοπικών υποδομών. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Οι Περιφέρειες και where οι μεγάλοι Δήμοιher δραστηριοποιούνται κυρίως σε University College of London, she continued social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion forδημιουργίας justice. See also: υποδομών, COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τομείς αειφόρου ανάπτυξης, μεταφορών, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τηλεπικοινωνιών, κατάρτισης του ανθρωπίνου δυναμικού και ανάπτυξης G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της κοινωνίας της πληροφορίας. Όσον αφορά στα άλλα κίνητρα, αυτά
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
παρέχονται από την Κεντρική Κυβέρνηση. Ακόμη, δραστηριοποιούνται διάφοροι Οργανισμοί, όπως: α. Γραφείο Ιρλανδικών Περιφερειών: Έχει συσταθεί με σκοπό την ανάπτυξη των Περιφερειών. Σκοποί του είναι: -Συμμετοχή σε δίκτυα και άλλους Οργανισμούς προς προαγωγή του ενδιαφέροντος για τις ιρλανδικές Περιφέρειες. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS -Ανάπτυξη ισχυρών δεσμών με Graduate Οργανισμούς Ευρωπαϊκής Harvard University, Schoolτης of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ένωσης. Architect Student of the School Architecture -Παροχή πληροφοριών στις Ιρλανδικές Περιφέρειες γιαofΚοινοτικά Technical University of Crete Προγράμματα, τρόπου εφαρμογής τους και ευκαιρίες χρηματοδότησης. -Επίβλεψη της εφαρμογής τωνthe Ευρωπαϊκών 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept Προγραμμάτων. β. Αναπτυξιακά Συμβούλια: 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Λειτουργούν σε επίπεδο Κομητείας ή Δήμου. τους η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, είναι Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a Σκοπός great the κατάρτιση ενός μακροπρόθεσμου σχεδίου ανάπτυξης του συγκεκριμένου among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Οργανισμού acquisition ofΑυτοδιοίκησης. knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ΙΤΑΛΙΑ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this,ρύθμισης, (inartists, various ways), social groups, usually of low-income andthe theσυνταγματικής placement of Οofθεσμός τηςasΠεριφέρειας εισήχθη, βάσει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of (άρθρο 114),ofτοartέτος 1948,restaurants, η οποία προβλέπει και this τις αρμοδιότητές τους. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherΠεριφερειών: consequences20 has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Αριθμός whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Πέραν των άλλων, διαθέτουν αιρετές Διοικήσεις, οικονομική potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αυτοτέλεια, επιβάλλουν φόρους κ.ά. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Ο θεσμός είναι εξόχως λειτουργικός και βασίζεται σε areas ίδιουςof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are μηχανισμούς λειτουργίας Περιφέρειας. London, upgrade them, stayκάθε themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σε ωρισμένες Περιφέρειες, όπως π.χ. στην Περιφέρεια BASILICATA, η being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χρηματοδότηση ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων προσεγγίζει 50% κόστους. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the το work of του Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. ΛΕΤΤΟΝΙΑ Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has severalβάσει scholars andthe for itsέτους more Προβλέπεται Περιφερειακή Αυτοδιοίκηση Νόμου τουvarious comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 1994. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In aΥπάρχουν sense, theof phenomenon isυπό dueof to a trend έκτασης, of a new of socialκαι groups 5theμεγάλες, άποψη Περιφέρειες 26 to “return” toΠεριφέρειες. the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Διοικητικές and time from the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the Οι to5travel Περιφέρειες βασίζονται και λειτουργούν με is, συμφωνίες 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αμοιβαίας συνεργασίας των εμπλεκομένων Μερών, στοχεύουσες στην Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, και education, entertainment “at the heart of theπεριφερειακών city”,movements (possibly)for προετοιμασία προώθηση Youth Unemployment. The same year she leftμακροπρόθεσμων Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, αναπτυξιακών σχεδίων καιPrague, στρατηγικών, στην υλοποίηση αναπτυξιακών in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and προγραμμάτων και στηνwhere ίδρυση σε University informal College of London, she Περιφερειακών continued her socialΓραφείων research. brokers HerΑνάπτυξης public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. κάθε Περιφέρεια σχεδιασμού. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ο προϋπολογισμός των Περιφερειακών Γραφείων Ανάπτυξης G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually καλύπτεται:
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
10
- Από ετήσιες χρηματοδοτήσεις του κρατικού προϋπολογισμού. - Από ετήσιες συνεισφορές των τοπικών και περιφερειακών Αρχών. - Από διάφορες άλλες πηγές, όπως η παροχή συμβουλευτικών υπηρεσιών σε επιχειρήσεις, η υλοποίηση εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων και η χρηματοδότηση διαφόρων άλλων προγραμμάτων. Τα Περιφερειακά Γραφεία Ανάπτυξης δεν χρεώνουν τις Τοπικές Αρχές, τις μη κυβερνητικές οργανώσεις, τους Οργανισμούς υγείας και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κοινωνικής μέριμνας Harvard για τιςUniversity, υπηρεσίες πουSchool προσφέρουν καθώς Graduate of Design, Student, Mr. Περιφερειών. George-Sp. C. Σε ATHANASSOPOULOS συνεισφέρουν έτσι στην ανάπτυξηByτων αυτά μπορούν να Architect StudentηofΛεττονική the School of Architecture απευθυνθούν και οι ιδιώτες επενδυτές, αφού Κυβέρνηση Technical University of Crete αναγνωρίζει την συνεισφορά των ξένων επενδύσεων στη λεττονική οικονομία και μεapproach: αυτόν τον τρόποthe προσπαθεί 1. Introductory Defining concept να επιτύχει την εισροή ξένων κεφαλαίων στη χώρα. Η εθνική νομοθεσία απονέμει τα ίδια 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), δικαιώματα στους ξένους επενδυτές, και Athens), στους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCόπως -“principle”: 370 BC, among other και wiseυποχρεώσεις heritage he left us, he established a great the ιθαγενείς. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Η χώρα επενδύσει στις μεταφορών καθώς και the υψηλής acquisition of έχει knowledge starts withυποδομές theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inστοιχείο a first, if του notthe final, approach, the term τεχνολογίας. Οι Λεττονοί προάγουν τοis υψηλού (and urban gentrification) indicated (in area ofμορφωτικού Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επιπέδου, υψηλού επιπέδου και προσαρμοστικότητας Sociology asτου well), as the “refining” of aεξειδίκευσης city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement του εργατικού δυναμικού τηςofχώρας. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artεισοδήματος galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, of Ο φόρος για τιςetc.επιχειρήσεις ανέρχεταιregardless σε 15%, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherαποτελεί consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof γεγονός που ελκυστικό παράγοντα για την ίδρυσή τους στην whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Λεττονία. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ΠΟΡΤΟΓΑΛΙΑ the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Υπάρχουν 5 Διοικητικές Περιφέρειες λειτουργούσες και ως London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Περιφέρειες Προγραμματισμού, καθώς και 2 Αυτόνομες Περιφέρειες, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μαδέρα βάσει του Συντάγματος του έτους 1976. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atκαι theΑζορών, same while similar in other major Για τις ιδιωτικές επενδύσεις, υπάρχει το ΑΡΙ (Portuguese Investment GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Agency), το οποίο είναι για τηνseveral προώθηση των επενδύσεων στη Since then, the issue υπεύθυνο has scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more χώρα. Το ΑΡΙ είναι το μοναδικό σημείο επαφής γιαbelow, στρατηγικά comprehensive approach are being summarized from επενδυτικά the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various σχέδια και παρέχει υπηρεσίες τη διάρκεια της επενδυτικής interpretations of the phenomenon ofκαθ΄όλη gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon isκυρίως dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups διαδικασίας. Ασχολείται με of τους μεγάλους επενδυτές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several high costs in money (προϋπολογισμός επιχείρησης > 40 εκ.for Ευρώ το reasons: χρόνο τζίρος επιχείρησης and to travel theκαι purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack of the > 75time εκ. Ευρώ τοfrom χρόνο) τα επενδυτικά σχέδια που δενplace εμπίπτουν στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, αρμοδιότητά του τα προωθεί σε άλλες αρχές (ΙΑΕΡΜΕΙ/ΙΤΡ). Το ΑΡΙ είναι Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofκαι health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the αιτήματα city”,movements (possibly) οYouth μόνος αποκλειστικός αντιπρόσωπος τωνfor Unemployment. The same year she left Germanyνα andλαμβάνει after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New she came backαπαιτούμενη to London, επενδυτών με σκοπό να Prague, τα προωθήσει, ναYork παρέχει την in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and πληροφόρηση να συντονίσει τις ενέργειες και ότι εκπροσωπεί, δεν University informal Collegeκαι of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. Seeαρμόδιες also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. αντικαθιστά τις δημόσιες αρχές for που είναι να ENGLISH αξιολογήσουν τα and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: project και να εφαρμόσουν τη σχετική νομοθεσία. Έτσι, το API μειώνει τα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κόστη των επενδυτών, αναλαμβάνει συγκεκριμένη δράση με τις δημόσιες
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αρχές ώστε η διαδικασία να γίνεται αποτελεσματικότερα και να αποφεύγονται οι γραφειοκρατικοί δαίδαλοι. Σε όλες τις αναφερθείσες χώρες, (για πολλές από τις οποίες τα σχετικά στοιχεία είναι προϊόν επιτόπιας έρευνας κατά καιρούς, λειτουργούν Ελεγκτικοί Μηχανισμοί, είτε μερίμνη του Κράτους, είτε μερίμνη των ιδίων των Περιφερειών και των Δήμων. Βάσει των στατιστικών δεδομένων, δεν είναι συχνή η αναφορά περί By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μη συννόμων δράσεων των Περιφερειακών και Δημοτικών κατά Harvard University, Graduate School of Οργάνων, Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS την έγκριση ή την χρηματοδότησηBy ιδιωτικών επενδύσεων. Architect Student of the School of Architecture Πέραν αυτών: Technical University of Crete Η Ελλάδα, εφαρμόζουσα μέχρι πρό τινος επαμφοτερίζουσες πρακτικές, έχει approach: τώρα τηνDefining ευχέρεια επωφεληθεί από την διεθνή 1. Introductory the να concept εμπειρία περί αναπτυξιακών δραστηριοτήτων επίπεδο Περιφερειών 1. Introductory approach: the concept σε ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), και Δήμων. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Εν προκειμένω διατυπώνονται ωρισμένες σκέψεις ενδεχομένως among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αιρετικές. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Οι παράγοντες οι this οποίοι υπό έποψη οικονομικής θεωρίας συνιστούν gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification condicio sine quaasγια παραγωγή ανάπτυξης, (οικονομικής, κοινωνικής, Sociology as well), theτην “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityτοπικό area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement of πολιτιστικής, σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό, επίπεδο) είναι γνωστοί και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, of παρέλκει αναλυτική αναφορά τους. etc. However this “change”, regardless the operation ofconsequences artτο galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Εν πρώτοις περιεχόμενο προγραμμάτων ανάπτυξης: πλειστάκις whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative προγράμματα εκπονούνται με την οπτική εξυπηρέτησης πολιτικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKεπιλογών. in early 1960s and it refers to σκοπιμοτήτων, αγνουμένων άλλων αναγκαίων The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Εξ άλλης πλευράς τα Προγράμματα Δημοσίων Επενδύσεων συνεχώς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof συρρικνώνονται, του Κράτους προσδοκούντος η London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes την thereιδιωτική and thus παρέμβαση, old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οποία όμως δεν λειτουργεί συνήθως με προέχουσα οπτική την κάλυψη being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κοινωνικών το προσδοκώμενο κέρδος. A description ofperiod, thisαλλά phenomenon is situations included νόμιμο inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theαναγκών, same while similar in other major Πέραν αυτών, η γραφειοκρατία παρεμβαίνει ανασταλτικώς. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Άλλη παράμετρος είναι οι σχέσεις Δικαιοσύνης και επιχειρηματικώς Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its περί more δρώντων, είτε πρόκειται και Νομικών Προσώπων, είτε comprehensive approachπερί are Κράτους being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ιδιωτών. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΚατά sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new groups την άποψη εξέχοντος Αντιπροέδρου τουof social Συμβουλίου to “return” to the leaving the purlieus for severalτης reasons: high costs in money Επικρατείας η city, καθυστέρηση στην απονομή Δικαιοσύνης συνιστά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where workχωρίς place is, lack of the παράγοντα αναστολής της παραγωγής ανάπτυξης, βεβαίως η 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, καθυστέρηση να πρέπει να εξοβελισθεί πάντοτε με δίκες εξπρές. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,αναφέρεται education, entertainment “at the heart of the Προέδρου city”,movements (possibly) εδώ άλλοτε τουfor YouthΣχετικώς Unemployment. The same year she η leftάποψη Germany του and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, and NewΠροέδρου York she came back Συμβουλίου Επικρατείας και London πρώτου της to London, Ελληνικής in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Δημοκρατίας τηνwhere Μεταπολίτευση του research. έτους Her 1974 Μιχαήλ University informal Collegeμετά of London, she continued her social public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also:διετύπωσε COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ΣΤΑΣΙΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, άποψη την οποία εν πολλοίς εκ παραλλήλου and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και ο άλλοτε Αντιπρόεδρος του ιδίου Δικαστηρίου Καθηγητής Γεώργιος Μ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ΠΑΠΑΧΑΤΖΗΣ: 252111 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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«Η επίδρασις του παράγοντος του ταχέος και γοργού ρυθμού εν τη εκδικάσει των υποθέσεων είναι πολύ μεγαλυτέρα από ό,τι είναι δυνατόν εκ πρώτης όψεως να νομίση τις. Ότι η απόφασις η οποία εκδίδεται επικαίρως παράγει δραστικώτερα ένεκα της επικαιρότητός της αποτελέσματα είναι βεβαίως αμέσως εμφανές. Εκείνο όμως το οποίον δεν είναι αμέσως φανερόν, είναι η βαθεία εσωτερική επίδρασις, το στοιχείον της ταχύτητος και της επικαιρότητος επ΄αυτής της σκέψεως του By Mr.ασκεί George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δικαστού και επί της ουσιαστικής διαμορφώσεως της αποφάσεώς του. Ο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS δικαστής, ο οποίος καλείται να κρίνη την νομιμότητα… πράξεως, Architect Student of the School of Architecture εκδοθείσης και εφαρμοσθείσης προ πολλών ετών, είναι απρόθυμος να Technical University of Crete υιοθετήσει δραστικάς λύσεις, κατανοών τον εν πολλοίς πλατωνικόν χαρακτήρα της approach: αποφάσεως, ήν the θαconcept εκδώση. Τουναντίον, ευχερώς 1. Introductory Defining ασπάζεται μίαν ζωντανήν λύσιν ο δικάζων υπόθεσιν νωπήν και γνωρίζων 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ότι ηANTISTHENIS, απόφασίς του θα επικαίρως, πριν ή ο(444 χρόνος τας theεπέλθη ancient Greek philosopher, BC -απολιθώση 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the …καταστάσεις. Δια της ταχείας εκδικάσεως κινείται ευχερέστερον among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. ου μόνον η δικονομική αλλά και αυτή του δικαστού τη acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, onμηχανή, this “principle” indefinition a first,ηifσκέψις not final, approach, theεν term 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the και term ουσία της. therefore, Διότι η urban δικαζομένη παρ΄αυτού σχέσεις είναι εισέτι καθαρά gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification λεία και δεν υποφέρει από την σκωρίαν, ήτιςthe διάremoval της παρόδου του Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, (inχρόνου various Sociology asεπί well), the “refining” of a οψίμως city area, the from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andεκδικαζομένης theremoval placement there επικάθηται τηςasπαρακαίρως και υποθέσεως. Η ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of σκωρία αυτήofεπιδρά και επί της σκέψεως του δικαστού και ελαττώνει την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has,αι results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof διάθεσίν του ναconsequences επιβάλη λύσεις, οποίαι δυσκόλως θα τελεσφορήσουν, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). επειδή relative πρόκειται να προσκρούσουν εις την εκ του χρόνου potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at firstγενομένην… in the UK inκατάστασιν». early 1960s and it refers to δημιουργουμένην και ήδηis«σκληράν» The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Πρόβλημα εντός των κόλπων δικαιοδοτικών Οργάνων συνιστά, the then observed trend wealthy των people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ανεξαρτήτως τωνthem, διαστάσεών του, ηsometimes πολυνομία καιand η thus γραφειοκρατία, η London, upgrade stay themselves there old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οποία ενίοτε οδηγεί σε μακροχρόνιες διαδικασίες, ψυχοφθόρες, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δαπανηρές αναιρετικές της εμπιστοσύνης των Πολιτών προς major τους A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theκαι same while similar in other Θεσμούς. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byτο other Researchers. Είναι αναγκαίον της scholars αποφυγής εξωγενών Since then,αυτονόητο the issue has preoccupied several and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more παρεμβάσεων προς την Δικαστική εν γένει, comprehensive approach are beingΛειτουργία summarized below,προς fromεξυπηρέτηση the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various κομματικών συμφερόντων ή συμφερόντων Ομάδων Πίεσης, (π.χ. Μέσων interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, Οικονομικών Παραγόντων κ.ά.). to “return” to the city,σεleaving the purlieus high costs money Ως αντίδοτο ενέργειες αυτού for τουseveral τύπουreasons: αντιτάσσεται τοinήθος, η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work εις place is,επιτέλεση lack of the ακεραιότητα χαρακτήρος, η επιστημοσύνη, η αφοσίωση την 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theτων distributed residencies outside town centres, του καθήκοντος Δικαστικών και Εισαγγελικών Λειτουργών. Τυχόν Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) παρεκκλίσεις κρίνονται ως αμελητέες. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies researchκαι in Geneva, and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Τοandκράτος τα εξPrague, αυτούLondon δημιουργούμενα Νομικά Πρόσωπα και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and δευτερογενώς επιχειρηματικώς δρώντες ΙδιώτεςHer public πρέπει να University informal College ofοι London, where she continued her social research. and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passionκαι for justice. See also: COLLINS μικροκομματικών ENGLISH DICTIONARY. λειτουργήσουν με σύνεση τόλμη, μακράν and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σκοπιμοτήτων. Και το πράγμα επείγει. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Οι καιροί, καιροί χαλεποί λίαν, δυστυχώς δεν περιμένουν….
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesΕπιχειρηματικότητα of Intervention, και Ανάπτυξη: Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Θέματα επιτυχούς Concerns Επιστημονικής Ημερίδας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Με ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία Harvard University, Graduate School ολοκληρώθηκαν of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τον παρελθόντα Ιανουάριο στην Αθήνα οι Student of the School of Architecture εργασίες Επιστημονικής Ημερίδας, εντός του Technical University of Crete
πλαισίου εκδηλώσεων του MONEY SHOW (ενthe συνεργασία σε επί μέρους θέματα 1. Introductory approach: 2020, Defining concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept με το Ελληνοκινεζικό Επιμελητήριο). ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC έχουν -“principle”: 370 BC, Εισηγητές και θέματα ωςAthens), εξής, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition heομιλίας): established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the (κατά σειρά acquisition of knowledge starts withΚαθηγητής theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,Ιω. if of not final, approach, the term ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ, Γενικός 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Γραμματέας Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού: «Brain 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various drain of brain gain?». Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Καθηγητής Ν.this ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ, τ. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Εθνικό the operation ofconsequences art galleries,Αντιπρύτανης, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results risingthis ofκαι landΚαποδιστριακό prices (and theof Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών: «Σχέσεις whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). Πανεπιστημίου The term gentrification is found at first in theκαι UKπαραγωγής». in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification foundΚαθηγητής atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Σπ. in ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ, Κοσμήτωρ, the then observed trend wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Σχολή Οικονομικών και Διοίκησης, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ Πάφου, Ομότιμος being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Καθηγητής Εθνικού A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκαι workΚαποδιστριακού of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών: GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. και Μισθωτή cities in Western countries, by«Επιχειρηματικότητα other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forΕργασία: its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Αντιθέσεις και Συμφωνίες». comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια various Στ. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon the following: ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ, Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κ.Π.Ε. In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving Αθηνών: the purlieus for reasons: highχρήσεις costs in money «Οιseveral πολλαπλές του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereκαι work place is, lack of the θαλάσσιου χώρου οι προοπτικές termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, στην Berlin, where she made her first θαλάσσιου studies. In 1932χωροταξικού she published an σχεδιασμού important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The sameΕλλάδα». year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Αθ. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and ΒΕΡΟΥΣΗΣ, University brokers of of Essex: long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. «Enterpreneurship andofbehavioural finance». and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Καθηγητής GENTRIFICATION Ι. Types ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ, Αναπλ. Definition, of Intervention, Πρύτανις, Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο: «Culture matters Types intervention, Concerns of για τηνDefinition, τουριστική ανάπτυξη καιGentrification την of αξιοποίηση του πολιτιστικού αποθέματος». Concerns Καθηγητής Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ,
Καθηγητής Σχολής Νομικών και Κοινωνικών By Mr. George-Sp. Επιστημών Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος,C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ομότιμος Καθηγητής Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κ.Π.Ε. Αθηνών, Επισκ. Καθηγητής Student Ε.Κ.Π.Α.: of the School of Architecture «Αναπτυξιακές Δράσεις Τοπικών Technical University of Crete Αυτοδιοικούμενων Δομών. Συγκριτική αναφορά». 1. Introductory approach: Defining theακολούθησαν concept Μετά τις εισηγήσεις 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, σημαντικές παρεμβάσεις (κατά σειρά) του κ. Θεοδ. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ, τ. heritage Ανωτάτου Στελέχους της Ε.Ε., among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Επισκέπτου Καθηγητού του theΠανεπιστημίου acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term Βόννης, του Ν. ΚΟΝΣΟΛΑ, Ομοτίμου 1κ. Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aΚαθηγητού first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου των Αθηνών, τ. thefrom gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Προέδρου του Ινστιτούτου Περιφερειακής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, Ανάπτυξης, του κ. Δημ. ΛΑΓΟΥ, Καθηγητού του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences rising of land prices (and theof Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου, has, του results ΔροςalsoΜιχάλη whatever other consequences has, του resultsΔήμου also rising potential relative speculation). ΧΡΗΣΤΑΚΗ, Γεν. Γραμματέα Ν. of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). The term Προέδρου gentrificationτης is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Σμύρνης, Πανελλήνιας Ένωσης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Γενικών Γραμματέων Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης, the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyτου property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof κ.London, Νικήτα ΧΙΩΤΙΝΗ, Καθηγητού τουand thus old residents are upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there being indirectly “squeezed”. Πανεπιστημίου Αττικής, του κ. Απ. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of Δυτικής this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ΓΚΟΤΣΙΑ, Καθηγητού του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κ.ά. in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities cities inΕπιστημονική Western countries, bypreoccupied other της Researchers. Since then, the issueΥπεύθυνη has several είχε scholars and for its more Ημερίδας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from ορισθεί υπό των οικείων Οργάνων η Μόνιμη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofΚαθηγήτρια the phenomenon ofτου gentrification, the following: Επίκουρη Παντείου interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toκαι a trend of a new of social groups Πανεπιστημίου Κοινωνικών Πολιτικών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επιστημών Δρ. Βασιλική ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, ενώ οι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συμμετασχόντες υπερέβησαν τουςcentres, 1.of The termat comes fromεκδήλωση Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theστην distributed residencies outside town Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 220. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ακολουθούν οι Εισηγήσεις, τιςNeweasier οποίες lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car York she came to back to London, μπορείτε ναto another αναζητήσετε στην ηλεκτρονική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying Epitheorisi-athanasopoulos-webnode.gr διεύθυνση: her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 14
and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. toΜάριος achieve the “assisted”, (actually - Σπ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΣ“voluntary”,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
To “brain drain” και οι προσπάθειες ανάσχεσής του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του κ. Ιωάννη ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗ Student of the School of Architecture Ομοτίμου Καθηγητού, Technical University of Crete
Γενικού Γραμματέα Αποδήμου Ελληνισμού
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept του Υπουργείου Εξωτερικών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252115 11
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Definition, Types of Intervention, Η Γενική GENTRIFICATION Γραµµατεία Απόδηµου Ελληνισµού / Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Concerns
Συνεργαζόµαστε µε άλλους φορείς ώστε By Mr.να: George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate School of Design, Student, • ΕνισχύσουµεHarvard την πολιτιστική ταυτότητα των By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ελλήνων του εξωτερικού Student of the School of Architecture • ∆ιαδώσουµε τον πολιτισµό µας στιςTechnical χώρες University of Crete υποδοχής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory Defining the concept • Στηρίξουµε, σταθεροποιήσουµε και(444 επεκτείνουµε ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the πολιτιστικές, επιχειρηµατικές, επιστηµονικές δράσεις
among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 3gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. “Brain – drain”: being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αντιµετωπίζοντας πραγµατικότητα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isτην included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from 85% όσων διαθέτουν υψηλή εξειδίκευση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παγκοσµίως – isπρος χώρες του ΟΟΣΑ/ τοgroups interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, aτις trend of a new category of social to “return”ίδιο to theισχύει city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γιαthe την Ελλάδα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in safety Γερµανία + Sociologist Ην.residencies Βασίλειο: οι1912-1940. κύριοι sense1.ofThe the distributed outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of«παραλήπτες» health, education, entertainment “at the heart of theπιο city”,movements (possibly)for και πολύ και λίγο Youth Unemployment. The same year sheτων left Germany and afterτων continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εξειδικευµένων in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. are 1/3 όσων έφυγαν διαθέτουν υψηλή and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εξειδίκευση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types έρευνα of Intervention, Η πιο πρόσφατη – ICAP People Solutions Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Πάνω από 490.000 άνθρωποι έφυγαν από το 2008 Πεδία απασχόλησης: επιχειρήσεις, επιστήµη, C. R&D, εκπαίδευση By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS 38% απόφοιτοι από ∆ιοίκηση Επιχειρήσεων/ Οικονοµικά και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Marketing By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 16% απόφοιτοι IT Student of the School of Architecture 15% απόφοιτοι Μηχανικοί και Μηχανολόγοι Technical University of Crete 73% κάτοχοι MSc + PhD – 46% αποφοίτησαν από ελληνικά ΑΕΙ <50% = 30-40 ετών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 42% δεν επιθυµούν να επιστρέψουν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theνα ancient Greek philosopher, 45% πιθανόν επιστρέψουν εντός των επόµενων 3 ετών ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongother heritage he left us, he established a great the 41% wise έχουν ήδη συµπληρώσει 5-9 έτη στο εξωτερικό
among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 5gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Γιατί έφυγαν? being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ICAP Solutions A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at thePeople same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from 50% comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Κοινωνικές interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, category of+social groups 40% the phenomenon is due to a trend of a newδιοικητικές to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αδυναµίες and time30% to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κινήτρων termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside townΈλλειψη centres, στη νεανική Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 20% services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επιχειρηµατικότητα lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Λιγότερες ευκαιρίες in According 1943 10% she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and για επαγγελµατική University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying άνοδοENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS 0% and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2019 (1ο εξάµηνο) G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Το Concerns σχέδιο πολιτικής της κυβέρνησης Definition, Types of intervention, of Gentrification Concerns
Περιεκτικό + µακρόπνοο σχέδιο πολιτικής για ανάπτυξη και προοπτικές για όλους By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard στην: University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Εστίαση κυρίως By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect - προσέλκυση στρατηγικών επενδύσεων Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete - απλούστευση κανονισµών και 1. Introductory approach:που Defining the concept διαδικασιών αφορούν στις οικονοµικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), δραστηριότητες
ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 7gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Θα είναι: comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Υποστήριξη των start-up και των καινοτόµων interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups επιχειρήσεων δίδοντας φορολογικά κίνητρα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time travel from the purlieusθέσεων to downtown, where work placeκαι is, lack of the - to ∆ηµιουργία ειδικών σε Πανεπιστήµια termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Ερευνητικά για νέους έλληνες Berlin, where she made herΚέντρα first studies. Inδιακεκριµένους 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for επιστήµονες που έφυγαν στο εξωτερικό lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and - ∆ηµιουργία καλύτερων δικτύων (µεταξύ της Ελλάδας in University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are by a passionεντάσεως for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. καιcharacterized περιβαλλόντων γνώσης) and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Με λέξη Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofµια Gentrification Concerns
Αναλαµβάνουµε συντονισµένες ενέργειες και δράσεις ώστε να : By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1.
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Προλάβουµε περαιτέρω “κατασπατάληση και Technical University of Crete
απώλεια εγκεφάλων” και
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept 2. ∆ηµιουργήσουµε ευνοϊκές συνθήκες γιαBC, ναAthens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he us, he established a great πατρίδα “principle”: the επιστρέψουν ταleft λαµπρά µυαλά στην among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or 9gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where workΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ place is, lack of the Οµότ. Καθ. Ιωάννης termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASSΕλληνισµού wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Γενικός Γραµµατέας Απόδηµου Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Υπουργείο services of health, education, entertainment “at the Εξωτερικών heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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"Culture GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesMatters" of Intervention, για την τουριστική ανάπτυξη Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of και την αξιοποίηση τουGentrification πολιτιστικού αποθέματος Concerns Tου Καθηγητού Ιωσήφ ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΥ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Αναπλ. Πρύταν. Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αξιότιμες κυρίες, αξιότιμοι κύριοι, Student of the School of Architecture University of Crete Πρωτίστως θα ήθελα να ευχαριστήσω τηνTechnical Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια
20
κ. Δεληθέου και τον Ομότιμο Καθηγητή κ. Αθανασόπουλο για την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρόσκληση και την ευκαιρία να εκφράσω εδώ μερικές σκέψεις μου. 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), “Culture Matters” … Ο πολιτισμός «μετράει»: Μετράει την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,για Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the κοινωνική οικονομική ανάπτυξη και τη of βιωσιμότητα, τον διάλογο among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofκαι knowledge startshe with the content concepts. και την therefore, κατανόηση των πολιτιστικών που μπορούν να acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, ifαξιών not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term μετουσιωθούν ωςurban σημαντικές δυναμικές τηςifανάπτυξης. Ο Planning) πολιτισμός gentrification) is (in area of (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various είναι το πρίσμα μέσα από το οποίο κατανοούμε τον κόσμο και το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement there «εργαλείο» με το οποίο διαμορφώνουμε βιώσιμες κοινωνίες και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of οικονομίες, όπως ανέφερε ο κάτοχος του βραβείου Νόμπελ φιλόσοφος the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the και οικονομολόγος Amartya has, Sen.results Είναι also η διαδρομή κατά την (and οποία whatever other consequences rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). «συνδιαλεγόμαστε» με άλλους ανθρώπους, βιώνοντας ένα μεγάλο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εύρος εννοιών και εμπειριών. κάτι πολύ περισσότερο τα The term gentrification found Είναι atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itαπό refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor areas ofto μνημεία, τις τέχνες και βιβλία. πολιτισμός αυτόold είμαστε. the then observed trend of wealthyOsometimes people to there buyείναι property inπου poor areas London, upgrade them, stayτα themselves and thus residents areof London, them, stayπηγή themselves sometimes there and old residents are Είναι μιαupgrade ανεξάντλητη δημιουργικότητας καιthus φαντασίας, μια being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this included inκαι the work Sociologist πηγή που ανήκει σεphenomenon μια εποχήis αλλαγών μια of δύναμη για Ruth την A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is των included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theστην same whileεποχή similar situations in other καινοτομία σύγχρονη έντονων μεταβολών καιmajor της GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. εξέλιξης. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issueδεν has several scholars and for its more Καμία κοινωνία μπορεί να ανθίσει χωρίς τον πολιτισμό. Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from Η τουριστική ανάπτυξη δεν summarized μπορεί να είναι ουσιαστική και comprehensive approach are being below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: βιώσιμη χωρίς αυτόν. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Ο πολιτισμός κάνει τη διαφορά μεταξύ της ύπαρξης και της to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διαβίωσης. Διαμορφώνει την αίσθηση του εαυτού μας αλλά και του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in χώρου όπου διαβιώνουμε. Προσδίδει σε μια1912-1940. κοινότητα -μια οικογένεια, sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartτης of the city”,movements (possibly) ένα χωριό, μια πόλη ένα έθνοςαίσθηση συνοχής και τηςfor Youth Unemployment. The ή same year she left την Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back London, ταυτότητας, της inυπερηφάνειας και της αξιοπρέπειας, μιαtoσυλλογική in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and αντίληψη και κοινή εμπειρία που αποτελεί το θεμέλιοHer της ιδιότητας University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice.την See also: COLLINSκαι ENGLISH DICTIONARY. του πολίτη. Μέσα από τη γλώσσα, παιδεία τις τέχνες, ο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: πολιτισμός παρέχει το πλαίσιο λειτουργίας του ατόμου-πολίτη. Και G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
είναι εκπληκτικά ανθεκτικός και «επιδραστικός». Ο πολιτισμός είναι μοχλός και παράγοντας κοινωνικής και οικονομικής ανάπτυξης. Είναι επίσης ένα κανάλι για τη δημιουργία ευκαιριών ανάπτυξης τουριστικών προορισμών και νέων μορφών τουριστικού προϊόντος, επί παραδείγματι του «πολιτιστικού τουρισμού». Οι τέχνες και ο πολιτισμός διαμορφώνουν τις δημιουργικές By Mr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS βιομηχανίες. Αυτές υποστηρίζουν τηνGeorge-Sp. οικονομική ανάπτυξη με την Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, παροχή νέων θέσεων εργασίας, φέρνοντας τη ζωή στους δρόμους μας, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τις επιχειρήσεις στις πόλεις μας και την οικονομική ευρωστία στις Student of the School of Architecture χώρες μας. Οι δημιουργικές βιομηχανίες ενισχύουν το εμπόριο τις Technical Universityκαι of Crete επιχειρήσεις, την πολιτική και τη διπλωματία, παρέχοντας επίσης μια 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δίοδο για την αντιμετώπιση δύσκολων ζητημάτων με την οικοδόμηση 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, εμπιστοσύνης και the διαμορφώνοντας μια ευρύτερη μορφή ανθρώπινων ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage heΟι left us, he established a great the σχέσεων καιwise κατανόησης. δημιουργικές βιομηχανίες συμμετέχουν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. έντονα στο τουριστικό προϊόν και τελικά διαμορφώνουν τον acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term «δημιουργικό τουρισμό». Ο“principle” δημιουργικός τουρισμός είναι ένα νέοthe είδος 1 (and Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τουρισμού, όπου εμπλέκονται οι ίδιοι οι τουρίστες αλλά και οι ντόπιοι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various στη δημιουργία του τουριστικού προϊόντος (συν-δημιουργία). Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Προσφέρει της usually ουσίας στους επισκέπτες την ευκαιρία να the operation ofεπί art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherτη consequences has,τους resultsδυναμική also rising μέσω of land της pricesενεργούς (and theof αναπτύξουν δημιουργική whatever other consequences has, results also εμπειρίες, rising of land the potential relative συμμετοχής σεspeculation). μαθήματα και βιωματικές οι prices οποίες(and είναι potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK inδιακοπών. early 1960s and it refers οι to χαρακτηριστικές του εκάστοτε προορισμού Συνεπώς, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τέχνες καιobserved ο πολιτισμός μπορούν να διαμορφώσουν έναinισχυρό μέσοof the then trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are προσέλκυσης επισκεπτών, αξιοποιώντας δημιουργικότητα και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimesτη there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. προβάλλοντας την παράδοση μέσω δημιουργικών δραστηριοτήτων και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εμπειριών γιαsame τους επισκέπτες. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πολιτικές για τον πολιτισμό οφείλουν να συνδεθούν με τις cities inΟιWestern countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Η Researchers. Since then, issue has severalαυτή scholars for its more πολιτικές γιαthe τον τουρισμό. σύνδεση έχειand επιστημονικό Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the ενδιαφέρον αλλά και σημασία σε επίπεδο επενδύσεων και συζητήσεων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the gentrification, following: τομείς για τη δυναμική τηςphenomenon ανάπτυξηςof και στους δύο the οικονομικούς δηλ. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups και στον πολιτισμό και στον τουρισμό. Υπό αυτή την έννοια, οι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σημαντικές επενδύσεις στην τέχνη και τον πολιτισμό επιδρούν στην and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the οικονομική σε τοπικό, περιφερειακό ή ευρύτερο 1.of The termανάπτυξη from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS επίπεδο, wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made herποιοτικές first studies. θέσεις In 1932 she published καλλιεργώντας an important study entitled: δημιουργώντας νέες εργασίας, νέες services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δεξιότητες καιof,ικανότητες που αυξάνουν την she εμπιστοσύνη καιetc.την lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York came to back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning.την In 1950 sheto became teacher του in the αυτοεκτίμηση, ενισχύοντας ταυτόχρονα ζωής to another approach, the is ποιότητα due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ατόμου. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Οι Wil. τέχνες καιetc., ο for πολιτισμός κατέχουν εδώ καιof κάποια χρόνια Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aκαίριο variety of ways, in order Abstract. to στην achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ρόλο συμβάλλοντας αντιμετώπιση δύσκολων προκλήσεων 252121 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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σε τοπικό επίπεδο με την ενίσχυση του δημιουργικού δυναμικού και την τόνωση της ανάπτυξης. Ειδικότερα, τα τελευταία 30 χρόνια, έχει σημειωθεί σημαντική επιτυχία σε επενδύσεις στον πολιτισμό ως μέσο στήριξης της βιώσιμης οικονομικής ανάπτυξης και αναγέννησης. Στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο για παράδειγμα, το πολιτιστικό φεστιβάλ της Γλασκώβης που συνοδεύει τους Αγώνες της Κοινοπολιτείας από το Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 2014, καθώς και η επένδυσηBy στο Λόντονντερι ως Πολιτιστική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πρωτεύουσα του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου του 2013, επιτρέπουν στις By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πόλεις αυτές να χτίσουν ισχυρότερες καιStudent ευημερούσες κοινότητες. Στο of the School of Architecture Λίβερπουλ επίσης, μετά το πέρας της Πολιτιστικής Πρωτεύουσας της Technical University of Crete Ευρώπης το 2008, το 85% των κατοίκων της πόλης συμφωνεί ότι είναι 1. Introductory approach: theκανείς. concept πλέον ένα καλύτερο μέροςDefining για να ζει Αντιστοίχως η Βαρκελώνη, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, η οποία αντιμετώπιζε σοβαράGreek προβλήματα αστικής αποσύνθεσης τόσο the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseόσο heritage he left us, he established a great the στιςANTISTHENIS, κεντρικές και στις περιφερειακές περιοχές, χρησιμοποίησε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. τους Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες του 1992 ως μέσο of ολιστικής μεταρρύθμισης. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ως αποτέλεσμα, πόλη πλέον αποτελεί έναν κορυφαίο πολιτιστικό 1 (and η Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τουριστικό προορισμό, αλλά, το σημαντικότερο, ο τουρισμός είναι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various πλέον ένα σημαντικό υποπροϊόν της πολιτιστικής ανάπτυξης της. Στο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, ίδιο πλαίσιο, Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ του το οποίο ιδρύθηκε the operation ofτο art galleries, restaurants, etc.Εδιμβούργου, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever results also of land prices (and theof το 1947, other άνοιξεconsequences το δρόμο γιαhas, μερικά από τα rising πιο επιτυχημένα φεστιβάλ whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also rising of land prices (andκαι the potential relative στον κόσμο και έφερε has, τεράστια οικονομικά, κοινωνικά potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in theπολιτιστικού UK in early 1960s and it refers to καλλιτεχνικά οφέλη στην πόλη at μέσω του τουρισμού. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Στο observed σημείο trend αυτό ofθαwealthy αναφερθώ έναproperty σημαντικό ελληνικό the then people σε to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof παράδειγμα. Σύμφωνα μεthemselves πολύ πρόσφατα η Εθνική Λυρική London, upgrade them, stay sometimesστοιχεία, there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σκηνή μετά την μετεγκατάστασή της στο Κέντρο Πολιτισμού Ίδρυμα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Στ. A ΝΙΑΡΧΟΣ είχε τα δύο τελευταία έτη περισσότερους από τριάντα description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major χιλιάδες επισκέπτες το Researchers. εξωτερικό, που παρακολούθησαν τις cities in Western countries,από by other cities in Western countries, byθεάτρου other Researchers. Since then, του the issue has preoccupied severalεκδηλώσεις. scholars andΑριθμός for its more παραστάσεις λυρικού και άλλες που Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ξεπερνά κατά πολύ τις παλαιότερες ευχές και προβλέψεις. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Ο πολιτιστικός τουρισμόςofαποτελεί μία από τις ταχύτερα και πιο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups δυναμικά αναπτυσσόμενες αγορές σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, ενώ το to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διεθνές περιβάλλον μέσα στο οποίο συντελείται η ανάπτυξη αυτή είναι and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ιδιαίτερα ανταγωνιστικό. Σχετική έρευνα του Οργανισμού 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthπρόσφατη GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Οικονομικής Συνεργασίας και Ανάπτυξης ο ΟΟΣΑ αναφέρει ότι, σε services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for αρκετές μεγάλες ηfrom αξία τηνand οποία παράγουν οιmarkets, πολιτιστικές lower living cost of, οικονομίες, “withdrawal” private car access etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the βιομηχανίες ισοδυναμεί μεregarding ένα ποσοστό της τάξης του 3% έως 6% του to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Ακαθάριστου Εθνικού Προϊόντος τους. Με δεδομένο μάλιστα ότι η her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free συγκεκριμένη έρευνα αναφέρεται σε χώρες όπως οι of ΗΠΑ, ηEncyclopedia: Μεγάλη Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΒρετανία variety ofκαι ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually η Γαλλία, γίνεται προφανές ότι ο πολιτιστικός τουρισμός
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πρόκειται για μια βιομηχανία στην οποία διακυβεύονται τεράστια συμφέροντα και διακινούνται υπέρογκα χρηματικά ποσά. Επίσης, σύμφωνα με στοιχεία του Παγκόσμιου Οργανισμού Τουρισμού εκτιμάται η αξία του πολιτιστικού τουρισμού στο 40% του συνόλου του τουριστικού προϊόντος. Μία ακόμα έρευνα καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι περισσότερο By Mr. George-Sp.στην C. ATHANASOPOULOS από το 50% της τουριστικής δραστηριότητας Ευρώπη έχει ως Harvard University, Graduate School Student, κινητήρια δύναμη την πολιτιστική κληρονομιά και ότιofοDesign, πολιτιστικός By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τουρισμός είναι η συνιστώσα εκείνη του τουρισμού η οποία αναμένεται Student of the School of Architecture να έχει τη μεγαλύτερη ανάπτυξη. Ειδικότερα, η βιομηχανία Technical University of του Crete πολιτισμού και της δημιουργικότητας στην Ευρώπη αναδεικνύεται 1. Introductory approach: Definingτο the70% concept παγκόσμιος ηγέτης, κατέχοντας της παγκόσμιας αγοράς. Ο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, τομέας αυτός συνεισφέρει τοGreek 3% του ΑΕΠ της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης -μη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συμπεριλαμβανόμενου του χρηματοπιστωτικού τομέα- και απασχολεί among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. περισσότερους από 7 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπους. Επιπλέον, βάση τα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofμε concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τελευταία του Παγκόσμιου Συμβουλίου Ταξιδίων 1στοιχεία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the και term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Τουρισμού, ο παγκόσμιος κλάδος ταξιδίων και τουρισμού συνεισέφερε gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various με 319 εκατ. θέσεις το 2018 παγκοσμίως, έχοντας δημιουργήσει 1 στις Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, of social groups, usually of low-income andενώ thethis placement there of artists, 5ways), νέες θέσεις ταrestaurants, τελευταία χρόνια, οι“change”, προβλέψεις για τον the operation ofσυνολικά art galleries, etc. However regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising land prices (and theof ορίζοντα other της επόμενης δεκαετίας κάνουν λόγο γιαofεπιπλέον 100 εκατ. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). νέες θέσεις εργασίας. potential relative speculation). TheΓια term gentrification is found at firstότι in the UKστην in early 1960s and it refers to την Ελλάδα, προβλέπεται μέσα επόμενη δεκαετία ο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor κλάδος του τουρισμού αναμένεται να δημιουργήσει περισσότερες από the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 300.000 άμεσεςthem, και stay έμμεσες θέσεις εργασίας. Συνεπώς, αποτελεί London, upgrade themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πολιτική και επιστημονική πρόκληση για τη χώρα μας η περαιτέρω being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αξιοποίηση σημαντικής δυναμικής του πολιτισμού αποθέματος ως A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theτης same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μέσοinτουριστικής ανάπτυξης με την ενίσχυση της ομορφιάς των cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more παραδόσεων, της προβολής της Researchers. ιστορίας, της καλλιτεχνικής έκφρασης Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various και της δημιουργικότητας. Αυτά που μας χαρακτηρίζουν ως Έλληνες. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Σε αυτήofτην κατεύθυνση,ofτο Ιόνιο Πανεπιστήμιο την τελευταία interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new of social groups διετία προχώρησε στην ίδρυση και λειτουργία Τμήματος Τουρισμού to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money στη Σχολή Οικονομικών Επιστημών με έδρα την Κέρκυρα. Το Τμήμα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Τουρισμού, έχει ως την παροχή τηνin 1.of The termat comes from αποστολή Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS και wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside townεκπαίδευσης centres, for Berlin, where she made her first στην studies.επιστήμη In 1932 she published an importantεντός study entitled: κατάρτιση επιστημόνων του Τουρισμού, ενός services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for διεπιστημονικού πλαισίου, συνδυάζοντας τις Κοινωνικές και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ανθρωπιστικές Επιστήμες όπως the ενδεικτικά τηInΔιοίκηση, Οικονομία, to another approach, is due aτην systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying την Ιστορία, τον Πολιτισμό και την Πληροφορική. Σύμφωνα με τις her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανάγκες και τις ιδιαιτερότητες της εγχώριας τουριστικής αγοράς στο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΤμήμα variety of ways, inτου order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Τουρισμού Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου: 252123 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
1. Παρέχονται θεμελιώδεις γνώσεις στρατηγικής, διοίκησης, οικονομίας, και μάρκετινγκ, 2. Πραγματοποιείται η χρήση σύγχρονων εργαλείων πληροφορικής, όπως είναι οι εικονικοί κόσμοι, οι ψηφιακές πλατφόρμες, τα πληροφοριακά συστήματα και η ανάλυση μεγάλου όγκου δεδομένων, και By Mr.οGeorge-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS 3. Μελετάται και προβάλλεται πολιτισμόςC.ως βασικός μοχλός Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τουριστικής ανάπτυξης. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Το όραμα του Τμήματος Τουρισμού του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου Student of the School of Architecture είναι να γίνει κέντρο αναφοράς που εξελίσσει, συνθέτειof Crete και Technical University ολοκληρώνει τις επιστήμες που εξετάζουν την τουριστική ανάπτυξη με 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στόχο την αποτελεσματική διοίκηση των σύγχρονων τουριστικών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek Η philosopher, επιχειρήσεων καιtheοργανισμών. εκπλήρωση του οράματος θα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he αριστείας left us, he established a great the πραγματοποιηθεί μέσω της στην εκπαίδευση και την έρευνα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. στους τομείς των επιστημονικών του προγράμματος acquisition of knowledge starts with theενδιαφερόντων the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term σπουδών, μεταξύ των οποίων περιλαμβάνεται και τομέαςtheτου 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Πολιτισμού, σε τοπικό, περιφερειακό, εθνικό και διεθνές επίπεδο. gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Η φιλοσοφία του προγράμματος σπουδών εξετάζει τη φύση και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, τα χαρακτηριστικά της βιομηχανίας τουρισμού και του πολιτισμού και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has,να results also risingνα of land prices (and εξερευνά,other πώςconsequences αυτή μπορεί προωθηθεί, διοικηθεί και the ναof whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also σύγχρονων rising of land prices (and the potential relative μετασχηματιστεί με την has, υποστήριξη διοικητικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to εργαλείων αλλά καιis found τωνat first Τεχνολογιών Πληροφορικής και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Το trend πρόγραμμα σπουδών Τμήματος Τουρισμού Επικοινωνιών. the then observed wealthy people toτου buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ακολουθεί τα διεθνή πρότυπα και έχει αναπτύξει συνεργασίες London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsμε are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιχειρήσεις που δραστηριοποιούνται στον τουριστικό κλάδο καθώς being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth και A στον του πολιτισμού. Τοisμεγαλύτερο μέρος description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the workτων of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at κλάδο the same while similar situations recorded inμαθημάτων other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major είναιinσχεδιασμένο, έτσιbyώστε οι φοιτητές να μελετούν πραγματικές cities Western countries, other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byνα other Researchers. Since then, the issueκαι has preoccupied several andπροβλήματα for its more μελέτες περίπτωσης δίνουν λύσεις σεscholars υπαρκτά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the τουριστικών επιχειρήσεων και οργανισμών. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Η τουριστική και η πολιτιστική βιομηχανία δεν αποτελούν έναν interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof to a trend of a new of social groups ενιαίο παραγωγικό κλάδο isαλλά μία μεγάλη γκάμα επιχειρήσεων και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οργανισμών που παρέχουν ποικιλία υπηρεσιών. Η τουριστική and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the βιομηχανία περιλαμβάνει την ανάπτυξη και1912-1940. την προϊόντων 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townπαραγωγή centres, for Berlin, where she made her firstκαταναλωτές studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: και υπηρεσιών για τους τόσο τους ιδιωτικούς όσο και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for τους δημόσιους οικονομίας. Από την άλλη, ηmarkets, πολιτιστική lower living cost of, φορείς “withdrawal” from private easier access etc.where studies and research in Geneva,της Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the βιομηχανία μπορεί να approach, περιλαμβάνει αμιγώς Inπολιτιστικά αγαθά, αλλά to another the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying και αγαθά τα οποία είναι προϊόντα μιας ευρύτερης δημιουργικής her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. Free Encyclopedia: διαδικασίας. Τα αγαθά αυτά σύμφωνα με τηWIKIPEDIA: χρήση ήThe τον σκοπό G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification παραγωγής τους ενσωματώνουν ή διαβιβάζουν πολιτιστικές Concerns εκφράσεις, ανεξάρτητα από την εμπορική αξία που μπορεί να έχουν.
Υπό αυτό το πρίσμα, οι μελλοντικοί απόφοιτοι του Τμήματος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Τουρισμού του Ιονίου Πανεπιστημίου, πέραν των υπολοίπων Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ειδικεύσεων, είναι δυνατό να απασχοληθούν στον τομέα του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πολιτιστικού και δημιουργικού τουρισμού, και ειδικότερα, ως στελέχη Student of the School of Architecture κέντρων πληροφόρησης τουριστών, κέντρωνTechnical μεθερμήνευσης της University of Crete πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς, μουσείων, πινακοθηκών, εγκαταστάσεων 1. Introductory Defining the concept πολιτισμού καιapproach: αναψυχής, στους τομείς της ανάπτυξης, του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, σχεδιασμού, και the τηςancient προώθησης τουριστικών προϊόντων και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great υπηρεσιών. Επιπροσθέτως, οι απόφοιτοι του Τμήματος θα έχουν the τη among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. δυνατότητα να δραστηριοποιηθούν είτε οι ίδιοι επιχειρηματικά είτε ως acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term στελέχη σε φορείς τεχνολογίας, δημιουργώντας ενισχυμένα 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 τεχνολογικά τουριστικά και πολιτιστικά προϊόντα και υπηρεσίες, τα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various οποία εντάσσονται στον κλάδο της δημιουργικής οικονομίας. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Ηofπεραιτέρω ανάδειξη του etc. πολιτισμού και ειδικότερα του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences also rising of land prices (and the πολιτιστικού αποθέματος has, είναιresults δυνατό να πραγματοποιηθεί σεof whatever other consequences has, results rising of landφορείς prices και (andτις the potential relative συνεργασία τουspeculation). Τμήματος Τουρισμού μεalso τους τοπικούς potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επιχειρήσεις, ενδεικτικά,isμέσω: The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 1. Της διαμόρφωσης πολιτιστικών στηριζόμενα στηνof the then observed trend wealthy people προϊόντων to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are ανάδειξη της ταυτότητας του τόπου ως there ένα and είδος πολιτιστικής London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κληρονομιάς για being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofτον thisτουρισμό. phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διαμόρφωσης τουριστικών A2. description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedπολιτιστικών inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΤης the same whileεναλλακτικών similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διαδρομών γιαcountries, τους ντόπιους τους επισκέπτες οι οποίες μπορεί να cities in Western by otherκαι Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, κομβικό the issue σημείο has several scholars andτουριστικών for its more αποτελέσουν στην συγκρότηση των νέων Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the προϊόντων στο πλαίσιο του πολιτιστικού τουρισμού. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theκαι following: 3. Της ανάδειξης της χειροτεχνικής αλλά της καλλιτεχνικής interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to of a new of social groups μουσικής παράδοσης του τόπου ωςa trend πολιτιστικό τουριστικό προϊόν με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money έμφαση στους εναλλακτικούς τρόπους τουριστικής εμπειρίας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 4. Της ανάδειξης τηςresidencies τοπικής ταυτότητας με δημιουργία The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthτη GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anεργαστηρίων important study με entitled: επισκέψιμων χώρων για τη δημιουργία βιωματικών τη services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συμμετοχή τωνof,επισκεπτών. lower living cost “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the Κλείνοντας ήθελα ναregarding επαναλάβω τον τίτλο σημερινής ομιλίας: to another approach, the isτης due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying "Culture Matters", Ο πολιτισμός μετράει για την τουριστική her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd.πολιτιστικού London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανάπτυξη και την αξιοποίηση του αποθέματος. G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in to achieve the “voluntary”, (actually Ευχαριστώ γιαorder την πρόσκληση και“assisted”, την προσοχή σας! 252125 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Προς μια Ευρώπη των εθνικών συμφερόντων; GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κ. Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑ Καθηγητού του Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού Concerns Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, πρώην Υπουργού
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τα τελευταία χρόνια υπάρχουνStudent σοβαρές ενδείξεις ότι η of the School of Architecture Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση διολισθαίνει προς μια διακυβερνητική διαμόρφωση Technical University of Crete
σχεδόν όλων των πολιτικών της που δεν συνδέονται με την οικονομική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ολοκλήρωση, εγκαταλείποντας σταδιακά τα υπερεθνικά της στοιχεία. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), Μετά από πολλές περιπέτειες και όσο (444 η οικονομία πίεζε προς ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the μεγαλύτερη οικονομική ολοκλήρωση, η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the δημιούργησε την on Τελωνειακή την Ενιαία Αγορά και την acquisition of knowledge starts with Ένωση, theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Νομισματική Ένωση, για την εύρυθμη λειτουργία των οποίων ανέπτυξε Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification πραγματικά κοινές πολιτικές υπερεθνικό ευρωπαϊκό Sociology as well), as the “refining”που of aασκούνται city area, theσε removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various επίπεδο (εμπορική πολιτική, ανταγωνισμού καιthere νομισματική ways), of social groups, usually of πολιτική low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationΟι of υπόλοιπες art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of πολιτική). πολιτικές που δημιούργησε, εξελίσσονται σε the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoενεργό rising ofπαρέμβαση land prices (and κοινοτικές, δηλαδή ασκούνται με την και the τηof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative συγχρηματοδότηση των κρατών-μελών, ακολουθώντας μια τάση potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επανεθνικοποίησης. Τέλος, οι atκρίσιμες για την εθνική υπόσταση The term gentrification found first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor πολιτικές (εξωτερική, αμυντική και δημοσιονομική) τα τελευταία the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof χρόνια ασκούνται σχεδόν αποκλειστικά απόthere τα κράτη-μέλη της Ε.Ε., London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. συχνά χωρίς προηγούμενη συνεννόηση. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A Όσον description ofperiod, thisστην phenomenon is situations included inwere the ενδεικτικές work of Sociologist Ruth εξωτερική πολιτική, είναι οι GLASS at the αφορά same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernτης countries, by other Researchers. περιπτώσεις διεύρυνσης της Ε.Ε. προς την Αλβανία και τη Βόρεια cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,καθώς the issue several scholars and its more Μακεδονία καιhas της πρόσφατης Διάσκεψης του for Βερολίνου Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from σχετικά με τον εμφύλιο στη Λιβύη, όπου και τις δύο φορές, ηthe Γερμανία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon ofηgentrification, the following: υποστήριξε τη μία πλευρά και Γαλλία την άλλη. Παρομοίως, στην interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αμυντική πολιτική, η στάση της Γερμανίας και της Γαλλίας σχετικά με to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τη συμπεριφορά τηςthe Τουρκίας, στο πλαίσιο where της Ατλαντικής Συμμαχίας, and time to travel from purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the δείχνει πόσο διαφορετικά συμφέροντα έχουν αυτές οι δύο χώρες1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: πυλώνες ευρωπαϊκής services ofτης health, education,ολοκλήρωσης. entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where Τέλος, όσον αφορά στη δημοσιονομική πολιτική, διαπιστωθεί studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she cameέχει back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and ότι ισχύει μόνο ο κανόνας του δημοσιονομικού ελλείμματος, με βάσηin το University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Σύμφωνο που υπεγράφη τοalso: 2012 εν μέσω οικονομικής her work areΣταθερότητας characterized by a passion for justice. See COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κρίσης, για λόγους ευστάθειας του κοινού νομίσματος.urban Έτσι, δεν G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually φαίνεται να υπάρχει περιθώριο για μια Δημοσιονομική Ένωση, ούτε 252127 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification και για περιορισμένες μεταβιβάσεις πόρων σε περιόδους κρίσης στο Concerns πλαίσιο της Ευρωζώνης, όπως προτείνει η Γαλλία. Ακόμη, η περίφημη
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Τραπεζική Ένωση, καρκινοβατεί όσον αφορά πιθανές μεταφορές By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κοινοτικών πόρων, σε περίπτωση πτώχευσης ευρωπαϊκής τράπεζας. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Επιπλέον, οι συζητήσεις μεταξύ των εθνικών κρατών-μελών για By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αύξηση των πόρων του Κοινοτικού Student Προϋπολογισμού, όπως έχει of the School of Architecture προτείνει η Επιτροπή, βρίσκονται σε στασιμότητα Technicalμπροστά University ofστην Crete άρνηση των βορειότερων κρατών-μελών να συνεισφέρουν, ιδιαίτερα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept μετά την αποχώρηση της Βρετανίας. 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, Κάτω από the το ancient βάροςGreek της οικονομικής στασιμότητας, των ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μεταναστευτικών ροών και των κοινωνικών ανισοτήτων, που όλα μαζί among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. τροφοδοτούν τα ακροδεξιά κόμματα σε ολόκληρη των Ευρώπη, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term φαίνεται μην urban υπάρχει χώρος για πραγματικά κοινές υπερεθνικές 1 (and Based, να therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 πολιτικές (π.χ. Κοινή Μεταναστευτική Πολιτική) σε κανένα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in τομέα, various παρά μόνο όσων εξυπηρετούν την εύρυθμη λειτουργία της Ενιαίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofκαι social groups, usually ofτου low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Αγοράς τηart σταθερότητα κοινού νομίσματος, όπως έχει ήδη the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof αναφερθεί. Μοιάζει, σαν να έχει ολοκληρωθεί η οικονομική ενοποίηση whatever other consequences has, results alsoενώ rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). με τελικό στάδιο την Νομισματική Ένωση, η of πολιτική ενοποίηση potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to να The αδυνατεί να ακολουθήσει. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property Η observed χώρα μας έχει αντιληφθεί αυτήν τηνininpoor ευρωπαϊκή the then trend wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof πραγματικότητα, περισσότερο ίσως από άλλες χώρες-μέλη, τόσο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εξαιτίας της ανυπαρξίας Δημοσιονομικής Ένωσης κατά την περίοδο της being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κρίσης καιofperiod, της σημερινής επιμονής της A description this phenomenon is situations included in theΕ.Ε. workγια of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atόσο the same while similar were recorded inυπερβολικά other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major δημοσιονομικά πρωτογενή πλεονάσματα. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ακόμη περισσότερο, βιώνει cities in Western countries, byτων otherζητημάτων Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more τις συνέπειες της, λόγω εξωτερικής και for αμυντικής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πολιτικής, στη δύσκολη συγκυρία της τουρκικής απειλής. Η σημερινή comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κυβέρνηση προσπαθεί να αντιμετωπίσει με ρεαλιστικό τρόπο αυτήν τη interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: social groups a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new νέαIn κατάσταση που διαμορφώνεται απόof την πρόταξη of των εθνικών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συμφερόντων των ευρωπαϊκών κρατών έναντι μιας κοινής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the ευρωπαϊκής 1.of The termπροοπτικής. from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Όπως where she made herηfirst studies. In 1932 she published anστόχο important study entitled: φαίνεται, Ε.Ε. απομακρύνεται από τον για «όλο και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στενότερη Ένωση» και διολισθαίνει προς μια she Ευρώπη των εθνικών lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the συμφερόντων άγνωστο τον τελικό της προορισμό. Ίσως, η εξέλιξη to με another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying αυτή να αποτελεί μόνο μια ακόμη ιστορική φάση της περιπέτειας της her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web,με in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London The Free Encyclopedia: ευρωπαϊκής ολοκλήρωσης, που μπορεί2009. ναWIKIPEDIA: αλλάξει στο μέλλον Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aδιαφορετικούς variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, (actually συσχετισμούς πολιτικών δυνάμεων.“voluntary”,
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ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ: GENTRIFICATION Definition, TypesΚΑΙ ofΜΙΣΘΩΤΗ Intervention, ΑΝΤΙΘΕΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΜΦΩΝΙΕΣ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του Καθηγητού Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΥ Concerns Κοσμήτωρος, Σχολής Οικονομικών Επιστημών και Διοίκησης Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος,
By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Ομοτίμου Καθηγ.C. Πολιτικής Οικονομίας Harvard University, Graduate SchoolΠαν/μίου of Design,Αθηνών Student, Εθνικού και Καποδιστριακού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Εισαγωγή Η οικονομική θεωρία ορίζει ότι για να παραχθούν τα τελικά αγαθά που θα αγορασθούν στηνDefining αγορά, the τα concept οποία καλούνται εκροές, πρέπει 1. Introductory approach: 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προηγουμένως να υπάρξουν οι εισροές στην παραγωγική διαδικασία οι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), οποίες other καλούνται συντελεστές Παραδοσιακά, η κρατούσα among wise heritage he leftπαραγωγής. us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition established aπαραγωγής greatof“principle”: the οικονομική παραδέχεται ότι οιhe συντελεστές είναι το acquisition ofθεωρία knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. acquisition of knowledge with theοι the content of concepts. Based,ηtherefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, πολλές if of not final, approach, the term έδαφος, εργασία και τοstarts κεφάλαιο, οποίοι φορές αποκαλούνται 1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,αποθέματα. if (in notthe final, approach, theύλες term gentrification) is area ofπρώτες Planning) (or gentrification και Based, πρωτογενείς παράγοντες και αποτελούν (Οι 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various και η ενέργεια ονομάζονται δευτερογενείς συντελεστές επειδή Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement λαμβάνονται από τους πρωτογενείς). Αυτή η παραγωγική διαδικασία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofσυνάρτηση art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,συντελεστές regardless of ονομάζεται παραγωγής. Οι πρωτογενείς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof συμμετέχουν στην παραγωγήhas, αλλά ποτέ στο whatever other consequences results also δεν risingενσωματώνονται of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). παραγόμενο προϊόν, όπως γίνεται, για παράδειγμα, με τις πρώτες ύλες, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ούτεthen μετασχηματίζονται άλλα προϊόντα, όπως για1960s παράδειγμα τα The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early and itareas refers the observed trend ofisσε wealthy to buy property in poor ofto Σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις διακρίνουν τοof καύσιμα που κινούν τις μηχανές. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο απόθεμα της γνώσηςthere στοand εργατικό δυναμικό) London, upgrade them, (το stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. από την εργασία (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 2004). Σχετικά πρόσφατα οι A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workσυντελεστή: of Sociologist Ruth οικονομολόγοι πρόσθεσαν έναν τέταρτο παραγωγικό την GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επιχειρηματικότητα, την by οποία θεωρούν ως μέρος του ανθρώπινου cities in Western countries, otherπολλοί Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more κεφαλαίου. Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Η επιχειρηματικότητα, σύμφωνα several με την οικονομική θεωρία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: συνδυάζει όλους τους υπόλοιπους συντελεστές στην παραγωγική interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, για theof phenomenon is dueαγαθών togentrification, a trendκαι of a υπηρεσιών new of social groups διαδικασία την παραγωγή με στόχο την to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δημιουργία κερδών (Sullivan and Sheffrin 2003). Ο επιχειρηματίας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συγκεκριμένα, συντονίζει την Ruth χρήση των δικώνRuth του κεφαλαίων termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search (χρηματοοικονομικό κεφάλαιο) με τα κεφάλαια που μπορεί να δανεισθεί Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The χρηματιστήριο, same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for από άλλους (τράπεζες, κ.α.). lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Επομένως εργασία είναι ηthe ανθρώπινη και πνευματική in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In φυσική 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and προσπάθεια η οποία συμμετέχει σε groups, μια παραγωγική διαδικασία και έχει long-term effort by organized manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ως αμοιβή μισθό ή ημερομίσθιο. Επιχειρηματικότητα είναι ένας παράγων and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
30
ο οποίος λαμβάνει όλη την απαραίτητη φροντίδα για την παραγωγή δεδομένου προϊόντος ή υπηρεσίας, και έχει ως αμοιβή το κέρδος. Συχνά στα υποδείγματα επιχειρηματικότητας, οι επιχειρηματίες αντιμετωπίζονται ως καινοτόμα στοιχεία στην αγορά οι οποίοι αναπτύσσουν νέες μεθόδους παραγωγής ή/και παράγουν νέα προϊόντα. Ενώ λοιπόν στον χώρο της οικονομίας η επιχειρηματικότητα ταυτίζεται με την ανάληψη κινδύνου κατά την διαδικασία δημιουργίας μιας νέας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επιχείρησης και της ανάπτυξης συγκριτικών πλεονεκτημάτων έναντι των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By σε Mr.άλλα, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ανταγωνιστών με στόχο το κέρδος, μη οικονομικά υποδείγματα, Architect Student of the αναφορά School of Architecture κυρίως κοινωνιολογικά (C. Wright Mills, 1956), γίνεται σε ‘νέους Technical University of Crete επιχειρηματίες’ οι οποίοι εργάζονται για την κυβέρνηση ή μεγάλους οργανισμούς και approach: αντιμετωπίζουν, για την γραφειοκρατία με 1. Introductory Defining theπαράδειγμα, concept νέους και πολύ αποτελεσματικούς τρόπους. Άλλοι πάλι 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370αναφέρονται BC, Athens), στους ‘πολιτικούς επιχειρηματίες’, δηλαδή τους επιχειρηματίες που ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αναζητούν το κέρδος στις επιδοτήσεις ή στον προστατευτισμό, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. σε συμβόλαια μεknowledge την on κυβέρνηση ή σε άλλες χαριστικές πράξεις μέσα από acquisition of starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and και Based,σχέσεις therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term πολιτικές συνεργασίες (γνωστοί ωςifπροσοδοθήρες). urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Η as εκβιομηχάνιση των οικονομιών καιremoval η εμφάνιση μεγάλων Sociology well), as the “refining” of a city area, the from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπρος a city area, the this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income theremoval placement of αιώνα, είχε επιχειρηματικών μονάδων ιδίως τοandτέλος του from 19ουthere ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation επιπτώσεις of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, of σημαντικές στην φύση και την δομήthisτης αγοράςregardless εργασίας. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and the Μεγάλο ποσοστό αυτοαπασχολουμένων εργαζομένων μετατράπηκε σεof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μισθωτούς και οι σημαντικές αποφάσεις λαμβάνονταν πλέον από τα potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first inτα theοποία UK inείχαν early και 1960s and it refers to διευθυντικά στελέχη τωνisεπιχειρήσεων, την ευθύνη της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor χάραξης πολιτικής της επιχείρησης και πολλές αυτά δεν ήταν οι the then observed trend wealthyαν people to there buy φορές property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ιδιοκτήτες-επιχειρηματίες. Την εποχή εκείνη there υιοθετήθηκαν London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus oldσημαντικές residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καινοτομίες στην παραγωγική διαδικασία που επέφεραν μείωση του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κόστους κυρίως από οικονομίες A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκλίμακας work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atπαραγωγής the same whileμέσα similar recorded in(παραγωγές other major μεγάλης κλίμακας, π.χ. Φορντισμός). Το γεγονός αυτό οδήγησε σε αύξηση GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other της παραγωγής και επέκταση τωνResearchers. επιχειρηματικών μονάδων. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Η επιχειρηματολογία γιαbeing την ωφελιμότητα επιχειρηματικότητας comprehensive approach are summarizedτης below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various έχει προκαλέσει πολλές συζητήσεις, οι οποίες the κυρίως επικεντρώνονται interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In σχέσεις a sense, the phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new of social groups στις επιχειρηματικότητας και μισθωτής εργασίας, που και οι δύο to “return” to the city, leavingτης theσυνολικής purlieus forπροσφοράς several reasons: high costs in money είναι βασικές συνιστώσες εργασίας. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Επιχειρηματικότητα και εργασία Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofσύγχρονη health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ανάλυση λοιπόν, διακρίνει φυσικά ή μηfor YouthΗ Unemployment. The same year she left Germany andτα afterυλικά, continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London New York she came back to London, where ανθρώπινα κεφαλαιουχικά αγαθά απόandάλλες μορφές κεφαλαίου, όπως in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and είναι τα ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο. Τοcontinued ανθρώπινο κεφάλαιο περιλαμβάνει την University College of London, where she her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion forαπό justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ανθρώπινη ύπαρξη καιbyαποκτάται τηνSee and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1. εκπαίδευση μέσω της εκπαιδευτικής διαδικασίας και την G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 2. εμπειρία μέσα από την ενασχόληση στην εργασία.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Η οικονομική ιστορία δείχνει την εξέλιξη της ποιότητας και του είδους της προσφοράς εργασίας, καθώς και τον τρόπο που προέκυψε η επιχειρηματικότητα (αυτο-απασχόληση) από την μισθωτή (εξηρτημένη) εργασία. Πράγματι, πριν τα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα, το μεγαλύτερο μέρος του εργατικού δυναμικού διατηρούσε τον ουσιαστικό έλεγχο του χώρου εργασίας του. Με μια παραγωγή κλίμακας και σχετικά απλή By μικρής Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τεχνολογία, τουλάχιστον μισοί Graduate από τους ήταν HarvardοιUniversity, School ofενήλικες Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS αυτοαπασχολούμενοι είτε στη γεωργία είτε στα C. εργαστήρια είτε στις Architect of the School of Architecture μικρές βιοτεχνίες τους όπου είχαν τον Student ρόλο του εργοδότη. Κατά τις Technical of Crete τελευταίες όμως δεκαετίες του αιώνα αυτού και στην αρχήUniversity του επόμενου ου αιώνα επήλθε η εκβιομηχάνιση των δυτικών οικονομιών και η 20 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ανάπτυξη τους με υψηλούς ρυθμούς, που διακόπτονταν όμως από 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), περιόδους Αποτέλεσμα των εξελίξεων η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCαυτών -“principle”: 370 BC,ήταν Athens), among other υφέσεων. wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συγκέντρωση της παραγωγής σε μεγάλες μονάδες με ‘επιστημονική’ among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the οργάνωση της εργασιακής διαδικασίας.. εργασία μετατρέπεται σε acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a Έτσι, first, ifηof not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based,απασχόληση’ therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aμέρος first, ifτου notthe final, approach, the term ‘τακτική και ένα μεγάλο εργατικού δυναμικού gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αποτελείται απόas the μισθωτούς εργαζόμενους προσδεδεμένους ένα Sociology as well), “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inσε various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, συγκεκριμένο επάγγελμα, κλάδο ή επιχείρηση. Οι εξελίξεις αυτές ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of επηρεάζουν τηart σύνθεση του εργατικού δυναμικού και προσδίδουν στην the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, However this regardless whatever other has, results also risingτην of “change”, land prices (and the έννοια της προσφοράς εργασίας μιαetc. ευρύτητα οποία εκφράζει ηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). επιθυμίαrelative πολλών για αυτοαπασχόληση, δηλαδή παροχή επιχειρηματικών potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the UK in earlyμισθωτής 1960s and εργασίας. it refers to δραστηριοτήτων και άλλων για at παροχή εξηρτημένης The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Επομένως αρχίζουν να παρατηρούνται στηνof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people toδιαφορετικές buy property inτάσεις poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are συμμετοχή του εργατικού δυναμικούsometimes στην αγορά όταν πολλοί London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereεργασίας, and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αντιλαμβάνονται ότι είναι κάτοχοι ειδικών δεξιοτήτων οι οποίες θα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μπορούσαν τους βοηθήσουν ναsituations δημιουργήσουν A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work μια of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the να same period, while similar inανεξάρτητη other major παραγωγική δραστηριότητα και δράση διαχειριζόμενοι ένα νέο στοιχείο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. στην εργασιακή ζωή το στοιχείο του κινδύνου, μεmore την Since then, the issueτους: has several scholarsσύμφυτο and for its Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΧαρακτηριστικά sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups της is Επιχειρηματικότητας to “return” to the city,βιβλιογραφία leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inκαι money Η σύγχρονη για τα επιχειρηματικά κίνητρα τα and time to travel from the purlieus toπαραδέχεται downtown, where placeγραμμές is, lack of ότι the επιχειρηματικά χαρακτηριστικά σε work γενικές 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, επιχειρηματικές δράσεις λαμβάνουν χώρα όταν οι ευκαιρίες και τα άτομα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at heart of the city”, (possibly) συναντώνται (Βλιάμος Τζερεμές 2001). Ενthe τούτοις άτομα διαφέρουν Youth Unemployment. The & same year she, left Germany and after τα continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies research in Geneva, Prague, που London and New York she came backκατέχουν to London, ως προςand τον βαθμό ετοιμότητας διαθέτουν, γνώσης που και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and της ανάγκης γιαofεπίτευξη τουshe στόχου τους. Επομένως όπως αναφέρθηκε University College London, where continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work areτο characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. ανωτέρω, θέμα που ανακύπτει συνδέεται όχι μόνο ENGLISH μεthe την συνολική and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προσφορά εργασίας αλλά και με την σύνθεση του εργατικού δυναμικού G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually καθώς και με την ποιότητα αυτού. Για παράδειγμα, αν θεωρήσουμε την 252131 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
32
επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα, διάφορες μελέτες προτείνουν διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά της επιχειρηματικής ποιότητας τα οποία όμως όλα φέρουν ένα κοινό χαρακτηριστικό: υψηλού επιπέδου γνώση και δεξιότητες. Σε συνθήκες επίμονης υψηλής ανεργίας είναι πολύ σημαντικό να δημιουργούνται νέες θέσεις εργασίας, δηλαδή να αυξάνεται η ζήτηση εργασίας. Ένας τρόπος γι αυτό είναι ενθάρρυνση την δημιουργία By Mr.η George-Sp. C. για ATHANASOPOULOS νέων επιχειρήσεων πουHarvard θα προσλάβουν καινούριους εργαζόμενους. Έχει University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS παρατηρηθεί (Kaldor, 1934 καιByCoase 1934) ότι ο σημαντικότερος Architect Student the School of Architecture παραγωγικός συντελεστής για τον καθορισμό του of μεγέθους μιας (ώριμης) Technical University of Crete επιχείρησης είναι η συντονιστική ικανότητα του επιχειρηματία που διοικεί την1. Introductory επιχείρηση approach: αυτή. Η Defining ποσότητα the όλων conceptτων άλλων παραγωγικών συντελεστών που χρησιμοποιούνται προσδιορίζεται από τηνBC, ικανότητα 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 Athens), αυτού, η οποία είναι δεδομένη και σταθερά στην προσφορά της.BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Επομένως ταλαντούχα άτομα πρέπει να να γίνουν among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of ενθαρρύνονται the content concepts. επιχειρηματίες, επειδή αυτοί είναι εκείνοι πουifμπορούν να δημιουργήσουν acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and onεργασίας. this “principle” inδημιουργία a first, if (in notνέων final, approach, the term την Based, ζήτησηtherefore, για θέσεις Αυτή η θέσεων εργασίας urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification (ζήτηση εργασίας) καθιστά τηνarea,επιλογή της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal προώθησης from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aθέμα city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement επιχειρηματικότητας ένα σημαντικό δημόσιας πολιτικής. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art που galleries, restaurants, etc. Howeverθα this “change”, regardless of Τα άτομα γίνονται επιχειρηματίες ξεκινήσουν μια artists, νέα the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising of (andτου theof επιχείρηση ή θαconsequences αγοράσουν μια που ήδη λειτουργεί. Τοland εάνprices ένα μέλος whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εργατικού δυναμικού γίνει επιχειρηματίας ή υπάλληλος (δηλαδή να potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKαπό in early 1960s and it refers to παρέχει εξηρτημένη εργασία) αυτό εξαρτάται ορισμένες ικανότητες. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Οιthe ικανότητες αυτέςtrend προέρχονται από τις δεξιότητες που το in άτομο κατέχει then observed wealthy people to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof ήLondon, που μπορεί να them, αποκτήσει καθώς και από τηνthere στάση στον upgrade stay themselves sometimes andτου thusαπέναντι old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κίνδυνο, εφ’ όσον η επιχειρηματικότητα είναι μια δραστηριότητα που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ενέχει κινδύνους. Ηthisδιάθεση του inκινδύνου το A description ofperiod, phenomenon is situations included the recorded work απομακρύνει of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while αποφυγής similar were in other major άτομο από την επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα και το ωθεί προς την GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherΤο Researchers. προσφορά μισθωτής εργασίας. επιχειρηματικό ταλέντο το Since then, the issue has several scholars andκαθορίζει for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more μέγεθος της approach επιχείρησης. Αυτόsummarized το ταλέντο είναι συνάρτηση comprehensive are being below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized the various χαρακτηριστικών που μπορούν εντοπισθούν, όπως from θα αναφερθεί interpretations of the phenomenon ofνα gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups παρακάτω. to “return” to the city, leaving theέχει purlieus for several κατά reasons: high costs in money Η επιχειρηματικότητα απασχολήσει προτεραιότητα την and time to travel fromΚατά the purlieus to downtown, where work place (1755), is, lack ofSay the οικονομική σκέψη. καιρούς ονόματα όπως Cantillon 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, (1803), Marshall (1890), Schumpeter (1911), Knight (1921), Kirchner Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,τα education, entertainment “at theτων heart of the city”,μοντέλων (possibly)for (1973), έθεσαν θεμέλια για she τηνleftανάπτυξη σύγχρονων Youth Unemployment. The same year Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Η and New York she back to London, where που μελετούν την in επιχειρηματικότητα. άποψη ότι οcame επιχειρηματίας είναι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and οUniversity ανεξάρτητος αυτός που her λαμβάνει τις αποφάσεις, που College ofιδιοκτήτης, London, where she continued social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion forπόρους justice. Seeκαι also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. συνδυάζει τους παραγωγικούς διοικεί την επιχείρηση, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: υιοθετήθηκε από τους Say, Marshall και Knight. Με εξαίρεση τον G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Schumpeter ο οποίος διατύπωσε την άποψη ότι η ανάληψη του κινδύνου
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
δεν περιλαμβάνεται στα καθήκοντα του επιχειρηματία και επομένως η στάση αυτού απέναντι στον κίνδυνο δεν παίζει κανένα ρόλο στην ανάληψη επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας, όλοι οι άλλοι συγγραφείς, επιμένουν ότι οι επιχειρηματίες αναλαμβάνουν ολόκληρη την αβεβαιότητα ή τον κίνδυνο, σε αντίθεση με τους μισθωτούς, επομένως η επιχειρηματική ικανότητα πρέπει να συνοδεύεται και από καλή τύχη. Συγκεκριμένα, ο Cantillon θεωρείBy ότιMr.ο George-Sp. επιτυχημένος επιχειρηματίας θα C. ATHANASOPOULOS πρέπει να είναι πρόθυμος να αναλαμβάνει κινδύνους. Ο Say πρόσθεσε ότι Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Byπρέπει Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS ο επιτυχημένος επιχειρηματίας δεν να έχει C. μόνο το κίνητρο αλλά Architect Student School of Architecture και την ικανότητα να αναλαμβάνει κινδύνους. Καιofοthe Marshall υποστήριζε Technical University of Crete ότι οι νεαροί ‘εραστές’ του κινδύνου είναι περισσότερο πιθανόν να ξεκινήσουν επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα από άλλους. Ακόμα υποστήριζε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ότιANTISTHENIS, επιτυχημένη απαιτεί ευφυΐα και Athens), γενική 1.ηIntroductory approach: the concept the επιχειρηματικότητα ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, ικανότητα, δε heritage γενική ικανότητα εξαρτάται από οικογενειακό ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCτο-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other ηwise he left us, he established(444 a great the υπόβαθρο, το επίπεδο της παιδείας και από άλλες έμφυτες ικανότητες. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Όλες αυτές οιknowledge θεωρίες υποθέτουν ότιindefinition τα δυνητικά κέρδη, σεofσύγκριση με acquisition of starts with the the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term τουςBased, μισθούς, αποτελούν το μεγαλύτερο κίνητρο για ναof γίνει κανείς urban gentrification) is area Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification επιχειρηματίας (van Praag and Cramer Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city2001). area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways),Γενικά of social τα groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement υποδείγματα επιχειρηματικότητας περιγράφουν την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of κατανομή των ατόμων που αποτελούν ένα εργατικό δυναμικό (δηλαδή the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other rising of “change”, land prices (andτους theof την προσφορά εργασίας) σεhas, δύοresults τάξεις: τους επιχειρηματίες και whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μισθωτούς, ή τους εργοδότες και τους υπαλλήλους. Αυτή η κατανομή potential relative speculation). The termαπό gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it ατόμων refers to εξαρτάται την κατανομή των χαρακτηριστικών μεταξύ των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor που προσδιορίζουν τη διάθεση καιpeople την ικανότητα ενασχόλησης με τηνof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα ή sometimes την προσφορά μισθωτής και London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εξηρτημένης εργασίας. Ορισμένα υποδείγματα επισημαίνουν ότι η being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επιχειρηματική προωθείται και A description ofικανότητα this phenomenon is situations includedμε inwere theτην work προσφορά of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major διαθεσιμότητα κεφαλαίων. Άλλα πάλι τονίζουν ότι η αντιμετώπιση του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byκορυφαίο other Researchers. κινδύνου αποτελεί στοιχείο που προσδιορίζει την Since then, the issueτοhas preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επιχειρηματική approach ικανότητα, οποία, όμως, είναι άγνωστη μέχρι να comprehensive areηbeing summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various αποδειχθεί. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επιχειρηματικότητα και ‘Νέα Οικονομία’ and time travel from the purlieus downtown, whereχρησιμοποιείται work place is, lackγια of the Ταto τελευταία χρόνια ο όροςto‘Νέα Οικονομία’ να 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, δείξει την ανάπτυξη της πληροφορικής τεχνολογίας, του παγκόσμιου Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of theτην city”, (possibly) ανταγωνισμού και της επιχειρηματικής στρατηγικής για μείωση τουfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York came back to London, where κόστους και την αύξηση της παραγωγικότητας. Τοsheπλεονέκτημα τηςetc. νέας in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and οικονομίας – και η πραγματική της κοινωνική καινοτομία – είναι η University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. παραγωγή ενός νέου εργατικού δυναμικού το οποίο είναι περισσότερο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ‘επιχειρηματικό’ από αυτό των προηγουμένων γενεών. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Αυτό το νέο εργατικό δυναμικό 252133 11
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αναλαμβάνει τώρα κινδύνους αντί να τους αποφεύγει και είναι πρόθυμο να δεχθεί περισσότερη ελαστικότητα στις συνθήκες και όρους της εργασίας του ακόμα και στην καριέρα του, από ότι ήταν προηγουμένως. Αντίθετα με τον σημαντικό ρόλο που έπαιζε το εργατικό δυναμικό στην βιομηχανία και τους άλλους κλάδους παραγωγής σε παλαιότερες εποχές, οι ‘επιχειρηματικοί εργάτες’ σήμερα απασχολούνται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, κυρίως στην φανταχτερή σφαίρα της ‘συμβολικής οικονομίας’, δηλαδή By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS στην υψηλής ποιότητας βιομηχανία παροχής C. υπηρεσιών ηArchitect οποία Student of the School of Architecture περιλαμβάνει τα ΜΜΕ, την ψυχαγωγία, τη μόδα και τον πολιτισμό (Lash Technical University of Crete and Urry 1994; Zukin 1995). Από την δεκαετία τουDefining 1970 ηthe επιχειρηματική εργασία εμφανίζεται 1. Introductory approach: concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept στον τομέα των υπηρεσιών, όπου η αμοιβή των εργαζομένων παρέχεται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), με την μορφή των ιδιοκτησιακών δικαιωμάτων ή της αμοιβής κατ’ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a great αποκοπή επί πλέον του μισθού. Τούτο όμως έχει διττόof“principle”: αποτέλεσμα: acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. πολλές φορές η δημιουργική δουλειά του εργαζόμενου ως παραγωγού να Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification παρεμποδίζεται ή καταστρέφεται απόis οικονομικά εμπόδια που προκαλεί η 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αγορά ή αντίθετα να αναγνωρίζεται και επαινείται από αυτήν με συνέπεια Sociology as well), the “refining” of aτην city αποτελεσματικότητα area, fromthere this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, να περιορίζεται η as αβεβαιότητα για τηςof δράσης ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, etc. However this “change”, of του.operation Οι επιτυχίες οδηγούνrestaurants, σε πολλαπλάσιες επιτυχίες, οι δεregardless αποτυχίες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the οδηγούν στην καταστροφή της καριέρας των ατόμων αυτών. Δηλαδή οι whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αποτυχίες των speculation). επιχειρηματικών εργατών μετακινεί τον κίνδυνο της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to αποτυχίας της αγοράς στους τους εργαζόμενους. Όμως αυτοίto The term gentrification foundίδιους atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor of αποδέχονται αυτόν τον κίνδυνο, αφ’ ενός διότι έχουν αποκτήσει την the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof εμπειρία της ‘επιχειρηματικής κουλτούρας’ καιthere αφ’ and ετέρου επειδή έχουν London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παρασυρθεί από την δυνατότητα να μοιρασθούν τα κέρδη από τον being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth κίνδυνο, φάνηκε πριν 2000 από τους εργαζόμενους στιςmajor νέες GLASS atόπως the same whileτοsimilar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major επιχειρήσεις που ‘παρήγαγαν’ το νέο προϊόν τότε που ονομάσθηκε cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. διαδίκτυο (Keat and Abercrombie 1991). several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has Since then, the issue has several scholars and for μόνιμοι its more comprehensive approachεργάτες arepreoccupied being summarized from the various Οι επιχειρηματικοί μπορεί να είναιbelow, ή να μην είναι comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theαπασχολούμενοι following: εργαζόμενοι, να είναι ή να μην είναι απ’ ευθείας σε μια interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trendσεof aμια new of social groups επιχείρηση ή of να είναι isενταγμένη ιεραρχική οργανική to “return” to the city, purlieus for several reasons: high Συνήθως costs in money επιχειρηματική δομήleaving μέσα the από την οποία να προάγονται. δεν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the έχουν επιδόματα υγείας και κοινωνικής ασφάλισης καθώς και 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, συνταξιοδοτικά επιδόματα. Εν τούτοις , όπως οι περισσότεροι ανεξάρτητα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartan of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. same με year υψηλής she left Germany and after continuous movements εργαζόμενοι, είναι The άτομα ποιότητας δεξιότητες, κερδίζουνfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, υψηλότερους μισθούς και απολαμβάνουν υψηλότερου κύρους σεteacher σχέσηin με in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became the to another approach, the is due a systematic and τα υπόλοιπα μέλη του συνήθους εργατικού δυναμικού. Όμως οι υψηλές University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISHΕπειδή DICTIONARY. αμοιβές και το κοινωνικό status δεν είναι διασφαλισμένα. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web,οι in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: οικονομικές τους απολαβές δεν εξαρτώνται από τα παραδοσιακά κριτήρια G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
του χρόνου εργασίας και της εμπειρίας, αλλά μάλλον από την επιτυχία τους στην αγορά και την προσέλκυση πελατών καθώς και από το επίπεδο των επενδυτικών κεφαλαίων που μπορούν να προσελκύσουν για την δραστηριότητα τους, αυτές κυμαίνονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό. Το κοινό χαρακτηριστικό των επιχειρηματικών εργαζομένων, ανεξάρτητα από τις ειδικότερες δραστηριότητες τους και τις συνδέουσες με αυτές αμοιβές, είναι ότι μοιράζονται έναν περισσότερο εμφανή, εξατομικευμένο κίνδυνο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αναζήτησης κέρδους, Harvard έναν κίνδυνο οποίοςSchool τουςof Design, ευθυγραμμίζει University, οGraduate Student, By Mr.ιδρυτές George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS οικονομικά και κοινωνικά με τους και C.εργοδότες τους της Architect Student of the School of Architecture επιχείρησης για την οποία εργάζονται. Technical University of Crete
Υποδείγματα Επιχειρηματικότητας 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Στα υποδείγματα ισορροπίας πλήρη απασχόληση μιαςBC, δεδομένης 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greekμε philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), ποσότητας εργατικού δυναμικού, ορισμένα (444 δημιουργούν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aάτομα great the επιχειρήσεις οι οποίες απασχολούν άτομα, προκαλούν among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition heάλλα established a δηλαδή greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ζήτηση εργασίας. Επειδή το επιχειρηματικό ταλέντο ποικίλει ανάμεσα στα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1εργατικού on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term μέληBased, του therefore, δυναμικού, τοindicated υπάρχον εργατικό δυναμικό (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification κατανέμεται μεταξύ των επιχειρηματιών καιthe των παρεχόντων εξηρτημένη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the of a city area, removal fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement εργασία (μισθωτών). Η“refining” πραγματική διάκριση μεταξύ επιχειρηματιών και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationαντιστοιχεί of art galleries, restaurants, etc.των However this “change”, regardless of μισθωτών στην κατανομή ατομικών χαρακτηριστικών the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and ανάμεσα στον πληθυσμό. Συστατικά μέρη τηςthis επιχείρησης είναιthe οof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). επιχειρηματίας μαζί με τους παραγωγικούς συντελεστές που αυτός potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to ελέγχει. Σύμφωνα με την οικονομική θεωρία αυτοί οι παραγωγικοί The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor συντελεστές αποτελούνται από people την ποσότητα της εργασίας πουof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are απασχολείται καιthem, από το διαθέσιμο κεφάλαιο. London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Πολλά υποδείγματα (van Praag C.M. and Cramer J.S. 2001), being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth υποθέτουν τα άτομα διατηρούν γιαmajor το A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedμία inwere theαβεβαιότητα work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the ότι same while similar recorded in other επιχειρηματικό τους ταλέντο: επιλέγουν την απασχόληση που τους GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. αποδίδει την μέγιστη αναμενόμενη χρησιμότητα και αυτή and ποικίλει μεταξύ Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more των ατόμων. Επομένως θέμα επιλογής απασχόλησης κάτω από comprehensive approachτίθεται are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αβεβαιότητα και κίνδυνο, μεταξύofδύο απασχολήσεων: (α) των μισθωτών ή interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations of the thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trendτην of a εργατική new of social groups υπαλλήλων, όταν ταphenomenon άτομα isπροσφέρουν τους δύναμη και to “return” to theτον city, μισθό leaving the purlieus for κανένα several reasons: highκαι costs(β) in money εισπράττουν τους χωρίς κίνδυνο των and time to travel from theτα purlieus to downtown, place is, lack of the επιχειρηματιών, όταν άτομα με βάσηwhere την work επιχειρηματική τους 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ικανότητα συνδυάζουν την ποσότητα εργασίας με άλλους παραγωγικούς Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainmentενέχει “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) συντελεστές. Η education, επιχειρηματικότητα κινδύνους εφ’ movements όσον οιfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, and New York εκ sheτων cameπροτέρων. back to London, συμμετέχοντες δενinγνωρίζουν τηνLondon ικανότητα τους in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΆλλαCollege πάλιofυποδείγματα (Kihlstrom andsocial Laffont, 1979) δέχονται ότι University London, where she continued her research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying herάτομα work are αντιμετωπίζουν characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τα με τον ίδιο τρόπο την επιλογή μεταξύ της and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ‘επικινδυνότητας’ της επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας και της ‘σιγουριάς’ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της εξηρτημένης εργασίας ή διαφορετικά, μεταξύ του κινδύνου του
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κέρδους και της απαλλαγμένης από κίνδυνο λήψης μισθού. Με άλλα λόγια τα υποδείγματα αυτά δέχονται ότι ‘…υπάρχουν βεβαίως πολλοί παράγοντες που μπορεί να επηρεάσουν την απόφαση των ατόμων. Οι πλέον σημαντικοί μπορεί να περιλαμβάνουν την επιχειρηματική ικανότητα, τις δεξιότητες στην εργασία, την αντιμετώπιση του κινδύνου καθώς και την δυνατότητα πρόσβασης στο αρχικό κεφάλαιο για την δημιουργία της επιχείρησης. Κυρίως όμως η συμπεριφορά απέναντι στον By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κίνδυνο καθορίζει ποιος θα εργασθεί επιχειρηματίας και ποιος ως Harvard University,ως Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS υπάλληλος.’ Architect Student School of Architecture Στα αποτελέσματα των περισσοτέρων από of ταthe υποδείγματα αυτά η Technical University of Crete επιχειρηματικότητα παρουσιάζεται κατά κάποιον τρόπο ως ‘κληρονομική’ η οποία περνά στις επερχόμενες μέσα στην οικογένεια. Έτσι, το 1. Introductory approach: Definingγενιές the concept επιχειρηματικό ταλέντο φαίνεται να είναι μεγαλύτερο άτομα που 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - στα 370 BC, Athens), προέρχονται από heritage επιχειρηματικό περιβάλλον. υιός του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370ΟBC, Athens), among other wise he left us,οικογενειακό he established a great the επιχειρηματία συχνά δέχεται καθημερινά (απ’ ευθείας ή μέσα από among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. τις συζητήσεις) προκλήσεις και τιςthe δυσκολίες ‘επιχειρείν’ αυτό του acquisition ofτις knowledge starts with the content ofκαι concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, του if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term προσφέρει την μεγάλη ευκαιρία να μάθει την if‘τέχνη’ αυτή. πλέον το urban gentrification) is (in area ofΕπί Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification γεγονός ότι μέλη της αυτό Sociology as well), as theοικογένειας “refining” ofτου a cityείναι area,ιδιοκτήτες the removalεπιχειρήσεων, from this, (in various Sociology asπέραν well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there και μόνον, της ‘δωρεάν’ παροχής συμβουλών, του προσφέρει και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of artπρόσβασης galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of τηνoperation δυνατότητα στο επενδυτικό κεφάλαιο. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results ofαν land (and της theof Όμως συζητήσεις έχει προκαλέσει τοrising θέμα τοprices επίπεδο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εκπαίδευσης επηρεάζει σε μεγάλο βαθμό την επιχειρηματική ικανότητα. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK inόσο early 1960s and itείναι refersτο to Πολλά υποδείγματα ισχυρίζονται ότι συνήθως υψηλότερο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor επίπεδο αυτό τόσοtrend περισσότερες οι to πιθανότητες επιχειρηματικής the then observed wealthyείναι people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof επιτυχίας. Άλλα them, όμωςstay υποστηρίζουν ότι το there υψηλό παιδείας London, upgrade themselves sometimes and επίπεδο thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αφαιρεί από τα άτομα την διάθεση της επιχειρηματικότητας. Το θέμα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αλλάζει για επαγγελματική Τότε η θετική A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedκατάρτιση. inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atαν the πρόκειται same while similar in other major επίδραση πάνω στην επιχειρηματικότητα είναι μεγάλη και σημαντική. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Επομένως δεν the είναι μόνο τοpreoccupied επίπεδο τηςseveral εκπαίδευσης το Since then, issue has scholarsπου andεπηρεάζει for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more επιχειρηματικό approach ταλέντο. Αυτό που έχει σημασίαbelow, είναι και είδος της comprehensive are being summarized fromτοthe various comprehensive approach are being from theαπό various εκπαίδευσης. Αναλυτικές ικανότητες οιsummarized οποίες αποκτήθηκαν μέσα την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, σε theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of aτο new category of social groups εκπαίδευση θετικές επιστήμες, μεγεθύνουν επιχειρηματικό ταλέντο, to “return” to the leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ίσως επειδή τα city, άτομα πουthe εκπαιδεύονται σε κοινωνικές επιστήμες ή τις and timeπαρουσιάζουν to travel from the purlieus downtown, where για workτις place is, lack of the τέχνες πολύ μικρόtoμόνο ενδιαφέρον επιχειρήσεις. Η 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, σημαντική επίδραση της εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης πρέπει να Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at heart ofεκπαίδευσης the city”,movements (possibly) προσεχθεί ιδιαίτερα. Για τους τοthe επίπεδο συχνάfor Youth Unemployment. The same yearμισθωτούς she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and York she came back to London, where αποτελεί μία παράμετρο επιλογής απόNewτους εργοδότες. Για etc. τους in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and επιχειρηματίες συμβαίνει το Έναςherεπιχειρηματίας δεν επιλέγεται University informal College δεν of London, where she ίδιο. continued social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISHτου DICTIONARY. από κάποιον εργοδότη, αλλάfor το επίπεδο εκπαίδευσης είναι and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σημαντικός παράγων για την επιχειρηματική επιτυχία (δηλαδή επιλέγεται G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually από την αγορά).
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Ο παράγων όμως που διαχωρίζει τον επιχειρηματία από τον μισθωτό, παρότι και οι δυο αποτελούν μέρος της προσφοράς εργασίας στην αγορά είναι ο παράγων του κινδύνου. Και αυτός είναι πολύ σημαντικός. Όσο περισσότερο αποφεύγουν τον κίνδυνο τα άτομα, τόσο περισσότερο ζητάνε εξηρτημένη μισθωτή εργασία και τόσο λιγότερες πιθανότητες έχουν να γίνουν επιχειρηματίες. Δηλαδή η διάθεση αποφυγής του κινδύνου απομακρύνει τους ανθρώπους από τηνC.επιχειρηματικότητα. By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Διαφοροποίηση στην επιχειρηματολογία αποτελεί των Harvard University, Graduate Schoolηofπερίπτωση Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS γυναικών. Οι γυναίκες, παρότι αυτό συμβαίνει σεC.μικρότερο βαθμό τις Architect Student ofνα theμπουν Schoolστην of Architecture τελευταίες δεκαετίες, έχουν σοβαρές δυσκολίες αγορά University of Crete εργασίας. Το ίδιο και περισσότερο συμβαίνει Technical όταν αποφασίζουν να συμμετάσχουν σε επιχειρηματική δραστηριότητα. Εκτός από την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept νοοτροπία της διάκρισης των φύλων που επικρατεί πολλές φορές στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), αγορά, οι wise προαναφερόμενες προέρχονται καιAthens), από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other heritage he left us,δυσκολίες he established a great the αντικειμενικούς παράγοντες (ανατροφή παιδιών, επιμέλεια των εργασιών among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the του σπιτιού, οι οποίοι περιορίζουν τηνifδιαθεσιμότητα χρόνου και acquisition of κλπ) knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based,των therefore, on this inτους a first, if (in not final, approach, the Επί term διάθεσης γυναικών για“principle” συμμετοχήis στην προσφορά urban gentrification) indicated the area ofεργασίας. Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification πλέον η μακρά απουσία των γυναικών απόthe τηνremoval αγοράfrom εργασίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, this, (inμειώνει various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement την αξιοπιστία τους προςofτους χρηματοδοτικούς μηχανισμούς και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. στις However thisκεφαλαίων. “change”, regardless of επομένως περιορίζει την πρόσβαση τους αγορές the operation ofconsequences artηgalleries, etc.also However this regardless whatever other has, results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof Επομένως μελέτηrestaurants, των γνωστών υποδειγμάτων που έχουν whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative παρουσιασθεί στην διεθνή βιβλιογραφία αναδεικνύει την ομοιότητα των potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s itμισθωτή refers to παραγόντων που επηρεάζουν την επιχειρηματική δράση και and την The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εργασία: φύλο, κοινωνικό υπόβαθρο, εκπαίδευση και ευφυΐα. Η areas στάση the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof απέναντι στον κίνδυνο ότι είναι έναςthus επί London, upgrade them, stayδιαπιστώνεται themselves sometimes there and oldπρόσθετος residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παράγων. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Μισθωτή απασχόληση αντί επιχειρηματικότητας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Μελέτες έχουν δείξει ότι ηResearchers. μισθωτή απασχόληση προσφέρει μία Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more βεβαιότητα γιαapproach το μέλλον η οποία εκφράζεται απόvarious τρεις comprehensive are being summarized below,μέσα from the comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various καταστάσεις: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In asense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η οικονομική βεβαιότητα to “return” the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ηtoβεβαιότητα τωνthe διαδικασιών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Η βεβαιότητα της διαχείρισης του χρόνου The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town τρεις καταστάσεις στην centres, περίπτωση της Berlin,Αυτές where she οι made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she μια left Germany and after στην continuous επιχειρηματικότητας προσφέρουν νέα διάσταση επαγγελματικήfor lower livingresearch cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ζωή τουandατόμου. Η Geneva, βεβαιότητα αντικαθίσταται από την αβεβαιότητα ως in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and προς τις οικονομικές αποδόσεις των εργαζομένων και ως προς τον University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion Το for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. σχεδιασμό των διαδικασιών. ‘δεδομένο’ γίνεται ‘μεταβαλλόμενο’ and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανάλογα με τις εξελίξεις. Τούτο εμφαίνεται εντονότερα στην διαχείριση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, του χρόνου, επειδή η απασχόληση παίρνει μια ‘ελαστική’ μορφή. Έτσι Concerns of Gentrification παρουσιάζεται το παράδοξο της ‘ελεύθερης/ανεξάρτητης’ εργασίας και Concerns της μεγαλύτερης προσφοράς εργατοωρών.
38
Η πολιτική της ΕΕ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Σε ένα μεταβαλλόμενο η Graduate ΕΕ οραματίζεται να γίνει μία Harvard κόσμο, University, School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS οικονομία με σταθερά και βιώσιμηByανάπτυξη. ΠροςC. τον σκοπό αυτό η ΕΕ Architect StudentΈνας of the από School of Architecture έχει θέσει την επίτευξη πέντε φιλόδοξων στόχων. αυτούς είναι η Technical University of του Crete διατήρηση των ποσοστών απασχόλησης σε υψηλά επίπεδα όχι μόνο πρωτογενούς αλλά και Defining του δευτερογενούς 1. Introductory approach: the concept (νοικοκυρές, φοιτητές, συνταξιούχοι, κλπ) εργατικού Έτσι του 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek δυναμικού. philosopher, BC -ο370στόχος BC, Athens), προγράμματος μεheritage την ‘Ευρώπη 2020’ (444 όπως καθορίστηκε από ANTISTHENIS, theονομασία ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή αναφέρει ποσοστό απασχόλησης 75% των among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ατόμων στα όρια ηλικίας 20 if– of 64the ετών. Γιαofτην επίτευξη acquisition ofβρίσκονται knowledge starts with the content concepts. Based,που therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1στόχου Based, on “principle” καθόρισε inindicated a first, if πολιτικές notthe final, approach, theπου term αυτού τουtherefore, τοthis Πρόγραμμα και μέσα (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αποβλέπουν στην τόνωση της καιfrom τουthis, Κοινοτικού Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aενιαίας city area,αγοράς the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Προϋπολογισμού. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Είναι ευνόητο ότι η δημιουργία θέσεων εργασίας εξαρτάται απόartists, την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising of landτους, pricesόπου (and the ύπαρξη other υγειών αγορών που συνδέονται μεταξύ οof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relativeλειτουργεί speculation).και το άτομο έχει ευχέρεια πρόσβασης στην ανταγωνισμός potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to αγορά εργασίας είτε ωςisisμισθωτός είτε ωςUK δημιουργός επιχειρηματικής The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor δράσης μέσα από τηνwealthy εκμετάλλευση νέων καινοτομιών καιof the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are πρωτοβουλιών. Το τελευταίο μπορείsometimes να προωθηθεί με την μέτρων London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus λήψη old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. που θα ενισχύουν την επιχειρηματικότητα, όπως απλοποίηση της being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σχετικής νομοθεσίας, στήριξη των δυνατοτήτων επανέναρξης της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major επιχειρηματικής δραστηριότητας μετά από προηγούμενη ή προηγούμενες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. αποτυχημένες προσπάθειες. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to theS.J., city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Vliamos Tzeremes, N.,‘Factors influencing Entrepreneurial and time toand travelBusiness from the purlieus to downtown, place is, lack of the Behavior Formation: Evidencewhere fromwork Central Greece’ (in 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, cooperation with N. Tzeremes), International Journal of the Knowledge Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of 2011. health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Economy, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came back to London, Nicholas Kaldor; ThePrague, Equilibrium of the Firm, The Economic Journal, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Volume 44, of Issue 173,she continued 1 March Pages 60–76, University informal College London, where her social1934, research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. doi.org/10.2307/2224727. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Coase R. H. The Nature of the Firm Economica, New Series, Vol. 4, No. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 16. (Nov., 1937), pp. 386-405.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252139 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Professor Const. GE. Κωνστ. ΓΕ. Definition, Types ofΚαθηγητής intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ATHANASOPOULOS ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Νομικ. Σχ. Postgrad. Progr. Law Sch. Concerns Πανεπ. «Νεάπολις», Πάφος of “Neapolis” Univ., Pafos Postgrad. Progr. Panteion University
Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών Μετ. Προγρ. Σπ. Παντείου Πανεπ. C. Επιστημών ATHANASOPOULOS Κοιν. και Πολ. Postgrad. Progr. Univ. of Athens,By Mr. George-Sp. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δικηγόρος, Lawyer, ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ex Ch.L.U.L.,C. Bruxelles, Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles,By Mr. George-Sp. Student of the School of Architecture Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris
Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequencesNew has, results also rising of land prices (and the Νέαrising of land prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results also potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in theέκδοση UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Αθήναι, 2014 Athens, 2014the in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
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ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ
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Παρουσία του Προέδρου Δημοκρατίας GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types ofστον intervention, Επίδοση Τιμητικού Καθηγητή, Concerns of Τόμου Gentrification Πρ. Υπουργό Αντ. ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ Concerns Παρόντος του Προέδρου της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας Καθηγητού κ. By Mr.Πρωθυπουργού George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Προκόπη ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, του πρώην και Προέδρου επί Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, τιμή του Συμβουλίου της Επικράτειας Παναγιώτη ΠΙΚΡΑΜΕΝΟΥ, του By Mr. κ. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πρώην Αντιπροέδρου Κυβέρνησης Καθηγητού κ. Ευάγγελου ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΥ, Student of the School of Architecture του πρώην Προέδρου του Δικαστηρίου της Technical Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, University of Crete Καθηγητού κ. Βασίλη ΣΚΟΥΡΗ, του Προέδρου της Ανώτατης Αρχής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Προστασίας Προσωπικών Δεδομένων, Προέδρου επί τιμή του 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Συμβουλίου Επικράτειας κ. Κωνσταντίνου ΜΕΝΟΥΔΑΚΟΥ, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370Πρυτάνεων, BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Αντιπρυτάνεων, Καθηγητών Πανεπιστημίου, άλλων Εκπροσώπων του among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Πνευματικού Κόσμου της Χώρας, ειδική εκδήλωση acquisition of knowledge starts with theεπεδόθει of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, ifσε not final, approach, theστην term 1 αίθουσα του Καποδιστριακού Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών Based,Τελετών therefore, on Εθνικού this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification προ ημερών ο as εκδοθείς Τιμητικός τον from πρώην Υπουργό, Sociology as well), the “refining” of a cityΤόμος area, theγια removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofΝομικής a city area, the this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofτης low-income and theremoval placement there Κοσμήτορα και Καθηγητή Σχολής τουfrom Πανεπιστημίου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artΚοσμήτορα galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,Σχολής regardless of Θεσσαλονίκης, και Καθηγητή τηςthis Νομικής του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ της Πάφου κ. Αντώνη ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ, υπό τον whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). τίτλο «Τοrelative Σύνταγμα εν εξελίξει». potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Την έκδοση του found τόμουatpeople επιμελήθηκαν η κυρία The term gentrification first in the UK in early 1960s andΙφιγένεια itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ΚΑΜΤΣΙΔΟΥ, Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια Νομικής Σχολής του the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there residents are Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης καιandο thus κ. old Χαράλαμπος being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ΑΝΘΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Καθηγητής του Ελληνικού Ανοικτού Πανεπιστημίου, ενώ A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same period, while similarφρόντισαν situations were recorded inΣΑΚΚΟΥΛΑ, other major για τηνatκαλαισθησία του τόμου οι Εκδόσεις GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. (Αθήνα/Θεσσαλονίκη). cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Ο τόμος περιλαμβάνει σε 7 Ενότητες υπό τους τίτλους «Δίκαιο και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Κοινωνία», «Οικονομία και Σύνταγμα», «Δικαιώματα», «Δικαστήρια και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Έλεγχος Συνταγματικότητας», «Εθνικό Δίκαιο the και Ενωσιακό Δίκαιο», interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups «Θρησκεία και Σύνταγμα», 29 κείμενα, βιογραφικό σημείωμα και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money εργογραφία του from κ. Αντώνη ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ. and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth άρθρων GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in Εκ των Συγγραφέων των αναφέρονται εδώ όλως sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”,οι (possibly) ενδεικτικούς κατά σειρά entertainment θέσης του κειμένου στον τόμο, κύριοι Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where Προκόπης ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Π. ΠΑΡΑΡΑΣ , ΑΘ. Ν.back ΑΛΙΒΙΖΑΤΟΣ, Π. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New ΡΑΝΤΟΣ, York she came to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΠΙΚΡΑΜΕΝΟΣ, Ευ. ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΣ, Γ. ΓΕΡΑΠΕΤΡΙΤΗΣ, κυρία Κατερίνα University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ΣΑΚΕΛΛΑΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, Χρ. ΓΕΡΑΡΗΣ, Ιω. ΣΑΡΜΑΣ, ΣΚΟΥΡΗΣ, Χρ. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINSΒ. ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.Κ. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ΡΑΜΟΣ, ΜΕΝΟΥΔΑΚΟΣ., Γιαν. ΔΡΟΣΟΣ. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Στην Τιμητική Επιτροπή σύνταξης του τόμου μετείχαν: Ο Πρόεδρος της Δημοκρατίας κ. Προκόπης ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. Ο Πρόεδρος του Δικαστηρίου της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Ομότιμος Καθηγητής κ. Βασίλειος ΣΚΟΥΡΗΣ. Ο πρ. Πρωθυπουργός και Πρόεδρος επί τιμή του Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας, Αντιπρόεδρος της Κυβέρνησης κ. Παναγιώτης By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΠΙΚΡΑΜΕΝΟΣ. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ο Πρόεδρος επί τιμή του Συμβουλίου της Επικράτειας και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πρόεδρος της ΑΠΔΠΧ κ. Κωνσταντίνος ΜΕΝΟΥΔΑΚΟΣ Student of the. School of Architecture Ο πρ. Αντιπρόεδρος Κυβέρνησης, Καθηγητής κ. Ευάγγελος Technical University of Crete ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΣ. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ο Ομότιμοςapproach: Καθηγητής κ. Νικόλαος ΑΛΙΒΙΖΑΤΟΣ. 1. Introductory the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Ο Ομότιμος Καθηγητής κ. Γιάννης ΔΡΟΣΟΣ. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Ο Καθηγητής κ. Φίλιππος ΣΠΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Εκ των μέχριon τούδε προαναφερθέντων στοιχείων καταδεικνύεται Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term αφ' Based, ενός ηtherefore, ιδιάζουσα πολλαπλή σημασία των κειμένων του τιμητικού gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αυτού τόμου και ως εκ τούτου παρέλκει οία δήποτε σχετική αναφορά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement του υπογράφοντος.
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ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Καθηγητής Κωνστ. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also risingΓΕ. of ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to heptaestus.nup.ac.cy/Athanasopoulos GE.of*to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyConstantinos 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas Email:to c.athanasopoulos@nup.ac.cy* London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Facebook.com/Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ* being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Googlescholar.com*http://pandemos.panteion.gr/?lang_en* A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Researchgate.com GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the has several scholars and for its more Ακολουθεί ηissue άκρως ενδιαφέρουσα Αντιφώνηση του κ. Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forΑντώνη its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Εξοχότατε, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Αξιότιμε Αντιπρόεδρε της Κυβέρνησης, κυρίες και and time to travelκύριε from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackκύριοι of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Υπουργοί Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) κυρία τουleftΣυμβουλίου Επικράτειας, Αξιότιμεfor YouthΕρίτιμη Unemployment. TheΠρόεδρε same year she Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studiesΠρύτανη and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, κύριε in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Τι να πρωτοπώ και ποιόν να πρωτο-ευχαριστήσω γι'public αυτήν την University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISHλόγια DICTIONARY. εξαιρετική για μένα τιμή, μετάforαπό ταSee τόσο κολακευτικά που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: καιways, μετάin από τόσες σημαντικές μελέτες από εκλεκτούς Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aάκουσα variety of orderτις to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Συναδέλφους και Ανώτατους Δικαστικούς, που κοσμούν τον τόμο «Το Σύνταγμα εν εξελίξει». Η συγκίνησή μου συγκροτείται από την πίστη μου ότι οι υπερβολές που ακούστηκαν, παρακινήθηκαν από αισθήματα κυρίως προσωπικής συμπάθειας και φιλίας. Ευχαριστώ θερμά και εγκάρδια όλους τους Συγγραφείς που με τίμησαν και λυπάμαι που δεν μπορώ αυτή την στιγμή να τους ευχαριστήσω όλους ονομαστικά. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Οφείλω, προκαταβολικά, να ευχαριστήσω τον οικοδεσπότη. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Δεχθείτε, κύριε Πρύτανη, τις θερμές ευχαριστίες μου, γιατί είχατε την Student of the School of Architecture καλοσύνη να μας φιλοξενήσετε στην λαμπρή αυτή University αίθουσα, να Technical of Crete προσφωνήσετε και να μας τιμήσετε με την παρουσία σας. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Κατά προτεραιότητα, οφείλω, τώρα να απευθυνθώ στον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greekσυνάδελφο philosopher, Ανώτατο Άρχοντα,the στον αγαπητό εν Πανεπιστημίοις, στον ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aευχαριστήσω great the ομότεχνό μου Προκόπη Παυλόπουλο, και να τον(444 για την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. πολλαπλά εκδηλωθείσα γενναιοδωρία του απέναντι μου: πρώτον, διότι acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term με τιμά μεtherefore, την παρουσία του, δεύτερον, διότι δέχθηκε να είναιthe μέλος 1 (and Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 της τιμητικής επιτροπής και να μου αφιερώσει μια ωραία μελέτη του, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various τρίτον, διότι μου εμπιστεύθηκε τη θέση του υπηρεσιακού Υπουργού Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, των Εσωτερικών στις εκλογές του και τέταρτον διότι μου the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.2015, However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences resultsτου alsoΤαξιάρχη rising of land (and της theof απένειμε other πριν δύο χρόνια τοhas, διάσημο του prices Τάγματος whatever other consequences has, results alsoΗrising of land prices the potential relative speculation). Τιμής. Του είμαι, πράγματι, υποχρεωμένος. εκτίμηση που έχει(and δείξει potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the in early 1960s and itτιμή refers to στοThe πρόσωπό μου, όλα αυτά ταatχρόνια, μουUK περιποιεί ιδιαίτερη και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor με Θέλω να σας διαβεβαιώσω Πρόεδρε ότι και τα theχαροποιεί. then observed trend wealthy people to κύριε buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof προσωπικά αισθήματα και φιλίαςthere προς σας London, upgrade them, stayεκτίμησης themselves sometimes andτο thusπρόσωπό old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. είναι αμοιβαία. Μας ενώνει η ίδια πατριωτική αγάπη για την ιστορία being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth και A την αυτού τουsimilar τόπου και η κοινή το μέλλον description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the έγνοια work ofγια Sociologist Ruth GLASS atπαράδοση the same while recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major του. in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several for its more Ευχαριστώ θερμά για τη μελέτη του καιscholars για τη and συμμετοχή του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various στην τιμητική επιτροπή τον Αντιπρόεδρο της Κυβέρνησης, τον πρώην comprehensivethe approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, following: Πρωθυπουργόof και Πρόεδρο επί τιμή του ΣτΕthe Παναγιώτη Πικραμένο. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social Δεν θα λησμονήσω την περίοδο, που είχα την τιμή και την χαράgroups μετά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money από δική του πρόταση και υπό την Πρωθυπουργία του να ασκήσω and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the καθήκοντα Υπουργού υπηρεσιακή κυβέρνηση του 1.of The term fromστην Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth2012. GLASSΥπήρξε wasbetter bornηin sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her firstμου studies. In τα 1932τρία she published an important study entitled: πιο ευτυχής συμμετοχή από υπουργικά συμβούλια, που services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for είχα την ναin συμμετάσχω, μαζί με Πρόεδρο επί τιμή τουetc. ΣτΕ lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, studies andτύχη research Geneva, Prague, London andτον Neweasier York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the κύριο Γεραρή. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Και έρχομαι τώρα σε πιο οικεία για μένα πρόσωπα. Στον her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realΒασίλη estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of του part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: συνάδελφο Σκουρή, τον πρώην Πρόεδρο Δικαστηρίου της Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΕΕ. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252143 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Του είμαι ευγνώμων, διότι όχι μόνον δέχτηκε να συμμετέχει στην τιμητική επιτροπή και να μου αφιερώσει μελέτη, αλλά και να με προσφωνήσει με λόγια συγκινητικά. Η αξία της συμμετοχής και της προσφώνησής του είναι για μένα πολύ μεγάλη, διότι προέρχονται από μια καταξιωμένη επιστημονικά και δικαιοδοτικά φυσιογνωμία σε Ευρώπη και Ελλάδα, που τίμησε όσο λίγοι την Ελλάδα και η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σταδιοδρομία του χαρακτηρίστηκε από μετριοπάθεια, συνετή Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συμπεριφορά, βαθιά γνώση του αντικειμένου, αμεροληψία και κυρίως By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect από καίριο λόγο. Student of the School of Architecture Τον πρώην Αντιπρόεδρο της Κυβέρνησης, τον Καθηγητή και Technical University of Crete συνάδελφο Βαγγέλη Βενιζέλο, μέλος της τιμητικής επιτροπής, τον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ευχαριστώ θερμά για την ωραία, την απαράμιλλη σε ρητορική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, δεινότητα, προσφώνησή του.Greek Δεν μπορούσα να φανταστώ ότι τριάντα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the περίπου χρόνια μετά, θα μου ανταπέδιδε με αυτόν τον370 επίσημο και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. θερμό τρόπο τις θετικές εισηγητικές εκθέσεις the πουcontent είχα ετοιμάσει για acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term τον Based, ίδιο ώστε ναurban εξελιχθεί και στιςisinτρεις του Καθηγητή. Η 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” a first,βαθμίδες if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 μετέπειτα πορεία του στην πολιτική δικαίωσε την κρίση μου εκείνη, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αφού όχι μόνον αξιοποίησε κατά τον καλύτερο και πρακτικότερο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofμεsocial groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, τρόπο, την ευφυΐα και την ευρυμάθεια που τον διακρίνουν, τις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices Δικαίου, (and theof θεωρητικές γνώσεις του ωςhas, Καθηγητής του Συνταγματικού whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results of land prices (andμε the potential relative αλλά συνέχισε να θεραπεύει αυτή also τηνrising φορά, βιωματικά, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundκαι at firstενημέρωση in the UK in early and it refers to εντυπωσιακή πληρότητα την 1960s επιστήμη του The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συντάγματος. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Τονupgrade Νίκο, them, τον ευγενή, τον αδελφικό συνάδελφό μουresidents για την London, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. συγκινητική προσφώνησή του, την γεμάτη αγάπη. Πορευόμαστε μαζί, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αγκαλιαστά θα of έλεγα, πάνω από is40χρόνια, βγαλμένοι από τηνmajor ίδια A description this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πνευματική καιcountries, ιδεολογική μήτρα, παρακινούμενοι από την ίδια αγάπη cities in Western by other Researchers. cities Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue preoccupied several scholars and for δημόσια its more για τοin Σύνταγμα και has τηbyΔημοκρατία, παρεμβαίνοντας στα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πράγματα, συμπληρώνοντας ο ένας τον άλλο. Νίκο σε ευχαριστώ για comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: την σταθερή απέναντι μου αγάπη σου. interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: social groups In aΕυχαριστώ sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new ακόμη θερμά τον Πρόεδρο επί τιμή of του ΣτΕ και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πρόεδρο της Ανώτατης Αρχής Προστασίας Προσωπικών δεδομένων, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κύριο Κωνσταντίνο Μενουδάκο για GLASS, την συμμετοχή του στην 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASSτιμητική wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where sheτην made her firstτου. studies. In ανταποδίδει 1932 she published an importantαισθήματα study entitled: επιτροπή και μελέτη Μου τα ειλικρινή services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for προσωπικής φιλίας και εκτίμησης πουand έτρεφα και τρέφω, χρονιά τώρα, lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the προς τοshe πρόσωπό του. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Ευχαριστώ εγκάρδια και τα δύο άλλα μέλη της τιμητικής her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCoμου depreciation initially ofΓιάννη part of the urban web,Φ. in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. συναδέλφους, London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: επιτροπής τους αγαπητούς Δρόσο και Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΣπυρόπουλο. variety of ways, to achieve the “assisted”,με“voluntary”, (actually Μεin order τον Abstract. πρώτο συνδεόμαστε φιλία στενή και
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αδιάλειπτη και με διαρκή επιστημονική επικοινωνία από τα χρόνια που έγραφε την διατριβή του, στο διπλανό γραφείο από το δικό μου στη Νομική του ΑΠΘ. Με τον Φίλιππο μας συνδέει η κοινή αγάπη μας για τη θεωρία και ερμηνεία του Συντάγματος, και βέβαια η συναδελφική οικειότητα. Και έρχομαι τώρα στους συντελεστές του τόμου, αυτούς που By Mr.έγνοια George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κοπίασαν, που φρόντισαν με περισσή και αγάπη, συντονίζοντας, Harvard University, Graduate School of συμβουλεύοντας, διορθώνοντας, αγωνιώντας πολλούςDesign, μήνες Student, τώρα. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τους είμαι ευγνώμων. Student of the School of Architecture Την Ιφιγένεια Καμτσίδου την μαθήτρια που University ξεχώρισα,of Crete ως Technical Επιμελητής, την πρώτη χρονιά που ξεκίνησα την ακαδημαϊκή μου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept καριέρα. Συνεπιβλέπων της διδακτορικής διατριβής της που 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, υποστήριξε σε πανεπιστήμιο του Παρισιού. Η πιο στενή, η πιο πιστή και the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wiseάξια heritage he left us,μου he established a great the πιο ANTISTHENIS, αγαπημένη, συνεργάτιδά στη διδασκαλία και370 στην έρευνα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μέχρι την συνταξιοδότησή μου. να την διαβεβαιώσω η αγάπη acquisition of knowledge starts withΘέλω theindefinition the content ofότι concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term του Based, δασκάλου τηςurban στο πρόσωπό της isin μένει αναλλοίωτη. 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Τον Μπάμπη τον Ανθόπουλο τον πρώτο διδάκτορα που είχα την gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various επίβλεψη διατριβής. Γνωρίσαμε μαζί την κρυφή γοητεία της ιταλικής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, επιστήμης του Συνταγματικού Δικαίου. Καμαρώνω τώρα που τον the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingΠανεπιστημίου of land prices (and βλέπω στην Αθήνα να διακρίνεται ως καθηγητής και the ωςof whatever other consequences has,Εφημερίδας results also rising of land pricesΔικαίου, (and the potential relative διευθυντής καιspeculation). υπεύθυνος της του Διοικητικού potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in theστα UKκοινά. in early 1960s and it refers to πολυγραφότατος με συχνές παρεμβάσεις The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Τέλος, την Λίνα Παπαδοπούλου τηνto συντονίστρια της σημερινής the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof εκδήλωσης, που them, σήκωσε αγωνίαsometimes και πολύthere επιμέλεια τοold μεγαλύτερο London, upgrade stay με themselves and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βάρος της προετοιμασίας, του συντονισμού και έκδοσης του τόμου. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in theτης work of Sociologist Ruth Είναι ηatίδια πουofperiod, πρωτοστάτησε στην βράβευσή μουofμεSociologist βραβείο A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS the same while similar inτο other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εξαίρετης πανεπιστημιακής διδασκαλίας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers.το 2007. Χαίρομαι που την cities inνα Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue τώρα has several στην scholars and for more βλέπω διακρίνεται και Researchers. να διαπρέπει Ευρώπη ωςitsειδική Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various του Ευρωπαϊκού Συνταγματικού Δικαίου. Της είμαι ευγνώμων για more την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: έγνοια, την αγάπη και συμπαράσταση που μουthe δείχνει και έδειξε, ιδίως interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups τα In νεφελώδη χρόνια της κρίσης. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Μένουν οι ευχαριστίες προς τον εκδότη μου, τον Παναγιώτη τον and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Σάκκουλα. Πρέπει να πω ότιRuth δενGLASS, έπαψε τώρα και σαράντα χρόνια 1.of The term fromσας Sociologist 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her firstτην studies. In 1932 sheεκδίδουν published an important study entitled: αυτός με τη μητέρα του Νίνα να με και να με εκθέτουν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στις βιτρίνες των καταστημάτων τους, επιδεικνύοντας ταLondon, νεανικά lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ακαδημαϊκά μου κατορθώματα. Χαίρομαι που συνεχίζει με εκδίδει, to another approach, the is due aνα systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying διότι βλέπω έναν συμπολίτη μου, εκ Θεσσαλονίκης ορμώμενο, να her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προκόβει καιCOLLINS να καθιερώνεται στην Αθήνα, ως σοβαρός και υπεύθυνος Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aεκδότης. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252145 11
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Αγαπητοί/τές συνάδελφοι, αγαπητοί μου μαθητές κυρίες και κύριοι, αγαπητοί μου φίλοι. Ήρθε η στιγμή να ευχαριστήσω και σας όλους για την παρουσία σας. Γι' αυτό, για να σας ανταμείψω για τον κόπο και την υπομονή σας, θα σας εκμυστηρευθώ τρία ομολογημένα πάθη μου. Τον πάθος μου για τη θάλασσα, τη δημοκρατία και τη διδασκαλία. By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Το πρώτο, το πλέον ζωτικής σημασίας γιαC.μένα, είναι η αγάπη Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, μου για τη θάλασσα και το κολύμπι στο Αιγαίο, στους Design, πρόποδες του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Βουνού των Κενταύρων. Σαγηνεύομαι όταν αγναντεύω από ψηλά και Student of the School of Architecture βλέπω τον ουρανό να γίνεται ένα με τη θάλασσα. ΝαUniversity χάνομαιof στο Technical Crete πέλαγος και να βυθίζομαι στα απύθμενα νερά της θάλασσας, όπως 1. Introductory the concept βυθίζομαι κάθεapproach: μέρα Defining στη απροσδιοριστία των εννοιών, στο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek απροσμέτρητο βάθος των ιδεών καιphilosopher, στα ατελείωτα γραπτά μου. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,όσο he established aφαίνεται great Το δεύτερο πάθος μου είναι, και αν σας περίεργο,the η among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αγάπη μου για τη Δημοκρατία. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1. Την της την ερωτεύτηκα στα φοιτητικά 1ιδέα Based, therefore, onΔημοκρατία this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theμου term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 χρόνια, στη δεκαετία του 60 ως διεκδίκηση, και αγωνιστική επιδίωξη gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ενός ιδεώδους πολιτεύματος, συμμετέχοντας στις φοιτητικές Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, συγκεντρώσεις στηνusually Πλατεία του Χημείου, στο Αριστοτέλειο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoδιαδηλώσεις rising of land κραυγάζοντας prices (and theof Πανεπιστήμιο της Θεσσαλονίκης και στις whatever other consequences has,του results also rising of land άρθρου prices (and the potential relative ρυθμικά 1-1-4.speculation). Τον αριθμό ακρο-τελευταίου του potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found in the«Η UK in early 1960s it refers to Συντάγματος του 1952, πουat first έλεγε: τήρησις τουandπαρόντος The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συντάγματος, αφιερούται εις τονpeople πατριωτισμόν των Ελλήνων». Το the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof σύνθημα εκείνο them, μου stay εντυπώθηκε, καρφώθηκε μουoldκαι δεν με London, upgrade themselves sometimes thereμέσα and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. άφησε ποτέ ήσυχο στην έρευνά μου και στον στοχασμό μου. Λίγα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χρόνια το phenomenon σύνθημα αυτό απόκτησε μιαof απροσδόκητη A description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS atαργότερα the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major πολιτική επικαιρότητα καιother μια Researchers. καυτή σημασία, πρώτα με τα Ιουλιανά cities in Western countries, by cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, issue several scholars and for itsκαι more του 1965 και the μετά με has την δικτατορία το 1967. Η διδασκαλία τα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various γραπτά του Μάνεση σε όλη την διάρκεια της φοίτησής μου, η comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thebelow, following: στεντόρεια και σθεναρή φωνήofτου για τη δημοκρατική αρχή και τη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social λαϊκή κυριαρχία, μας έκανε όλους να ριγούμε από συγκίνηση καιgroups μένα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money να παθιάζομαι για τη Δημοκρατία. Η στρατιωτική δικτατορία της 21ns and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Απριλίου εμπέδωσαν μέσαresidencies μου επιθυμία μου αφιερωθώ 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruthτην GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthνα GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she στην made her first studies. του In 1932 she published anτης important study entitled: επιστημονικά αναζήτηση νοήματος και σημασίας του services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Συντάγματος της Δημοκρατίας. lower living costκαι of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Η sheΔημοκρατία είχε τότε έναν αντιμοναρχικό κατά βάση to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χαρακτήρα, ταυτιζόταν με την κραταίωση της λαϊκής κυριαρχίας και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: βέβαια μεWil. την άρνηση κάθε μορφής δικτατορία. G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, inποιος orderκυβερνά to achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Το ερώτημα καιthe πως κυβερνιέται αυτός ο τόπος με
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
βασάνιζε από τότε και τώρα ακόμη περισσότερο με την παγκοσμιοποίηση. Μόνο που τώρα το ερώτημα άλλαξε, έγινε ποιος κυβερνά και πως κυβερνιέται αυτός ο κόσμος ή ορθότερα πως κυβερνιέται ένας τόπος, ως μικρό χωριό μιας κοσμοπολίτικης παγκόσμιας Συμπολιτείας. Έφυγα από την Ελλάδα, μετά την απόλυση του Μάνεση, για να By Mr.μου George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνεχίσω τις μεταπτυχιακές σπουδές με υποτροφία στο Ελεύθερο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πανεπιστήμιου των Βρυξελλών, όπου αναγκάστηκα να προσγειωθώ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στα άγνωστα και κρύα, αλλά γόνιμα, όπως αποδείχθηκε αργότερα, Student of the School of Architecture νερά της βέλγικης νομικής επιστήμης, διαλέγοντας έναUniversity θέμα καθαρά Technical of Crete νομικό σχετικά με την ελευθερία του εμπορίου και της βιομηχανίας στη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept νομολογία του Βελγίου και της Γαλλίας. Το θέμα μου με βοήθησε να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek καταλάβω τους μηχανισμούς μιας philosopher, ελεύθερης οικονομίας της αγοράς, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us, και he established a great the όπως λειτουργεί υπό τηνheσκέπη προστασία ενός φιλελεύθερου, among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. εθνικού κράτους. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Τότε,therefore, ανθούσαν Παρίσι μετά θρυλικό Μάη του 68 και τις 1 (and urban Based, on στο this “principle” inindicated aτον first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 επαναστάσεις στην Λατινική Αμερική, ο μαρξισμός και γενικά οι gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various σοσιαλιστικές ιδέες, η ιδέα της σοσιαλιστικής επανάστασης και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement μάλιστα τηςof art παγκόσμιας, με την etc. οποία ερωτοτροπούσα, ή of επίartists, το the operation galleries, restaurants, However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever has, results also rising Έπεσα of land prices theof ηπιότερονother του consequences σοσιαλιστικού μετασχηματισμού. με τα (and μούτρα whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,και results rising ofΜάρξ, land prices (and the potential relative στη μαρξιστική ιδίως φιλολογία σταalso βιβλία του του νεαρού potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first the UK από in early 1960s and it refers to κυρίως Μάρξ, αλλά και τα πρώτα του in ώριμου, το πρωτότυπο. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Το πρωί νομικός, πούρος, και property μόνον νομολογία τωνof the then observed trend wealthyνομολογία people to there buy in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Συμβουλίων τηςthem, Επικράτειας Γαλλίας και there Βελγίου και βράδυ London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes and thus oldτο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αιθεροβάμων, ερασιτέχνης πολιτειολόγος. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τιςphenomenon βραδινές ώρες, ότανinwere είχαν κοιμηθεί τα παιδιά A Προσπαθούσα description ofperiod, this is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μου, in ναWestern συνταιριάσω με τον Σοσιαλισμό και να βρώ cities countries,τη by Δημοκρατία other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,ιστορικά the issue τεκμηριωμένες has several scholars and for its απαντήσεις και λογικά συνεκτικές γιαmore τις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σχέσεις τους: Σοσιαλισμό με Δημοκρατία ή Δημοκρατία με Σοσιαλισμό; comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theμε following: Η ιδέα της συνάντησης της Δημοκρατίας τον Σοσιαλισμό με interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof toόταν a trendεπέτρεψα of a new social groups παίδεψε χρόνια αρκετά isκαι στην of Ελλάδα. Η to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προσπάθεια μου απέβη στο τέλος μάταιη, γιατί μετά από κόπο και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the σκέψη πολλή, με πόνο ψυχής, δεν κρύβω, κατάλαβα πριν από τηνin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthτο GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her firstκρατικού studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: άδοξη κατάρρευση του κομμουνισμού ότι Δημοκρατία και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for σοσιαλισμός είναι ούτε λογικά ούτε ιστορικά συμβατά. Εξάλλου lower living costδεν of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 sheτο published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the ιστορικά, δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα εμφανίστηκε και αναπτύχθηκε σε to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χώρες που υπήρχε οικονομία της αγοράς ή έστω μια στοιχειώδης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ανταλλακτική οικονομία, όπως συνέβη στην αρχαία Αθήνα. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order toένα achieve the “assisted”, (actually Η δημοκρατία είναιAbstract. σύστημα πολιτικής“voluntary”, διακυβέρνησης, ένα 252147 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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πολίτευμα που στηρίζεται στην συνταγματική κατοχύρωση της λαϊκής κυριαρχίας και στη δυνατότητα αυτό προσδιορισμού του Λαού δια των πολιτικών αντιπροσώπων του. Ο σοσιαλισμός είναι ένα κοινωνικό σύστημα, που βασίζεται και επιδιώκει την κοινωνική ισότητα, δια μέσου της κοινωνικοποίησης των μέσων παραγωγής και της κρατικά κατευθυνόμενης οικονομίας. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Αντιπαραβάλλεται προς τον καπιταλισμό και όχι προς την Δημοκρατία, Harvard University, Graduate School Design, Student, ενώ αντιπαρατίθεται στον φιλελευθερισμό. Σκοπός τουofδιακηρυγμένος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS είναι να ανατρέψει τον καπιταλισμό ή να τον αντικαταστήσει Architect ή έστω Student of the School of Architecture να υποτάξει την οικονομία της αγοράς στους δικούς του κοινωνικούς Technical University of Crete σκοπούς. 1. Introductory approach: the concept γιατί πολύ τον ηγάπησα, Απογοητευμένος καιDefining στενοχωρημένος, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, αποφάσισα να εγκαταλείψω την εφηβική μου αγάπη. Αρκετά πριν την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ξεχάσουν και, τελικά, την διαγράψουν από το πολιτικό τους λεξιλόγιο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ορισμένοι πολιτικοί και starts θεωρητικοί της πάλαι ποτέ ένδοξηςofΑριστεράς. acquisition of knowledge with thein definition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2. Μεtherefore, πτώση της δικτατορίας καιif (in τηνthe αποκατάσταση 1την Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, not final, approach, the της term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Δημοκρατίας επιστρέφω στην Ελλάδα και διορίζομαι επιμελητής στην gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various έδρα του Γενικού Δημοσίου Δικαίου, που κατείχε τότε ο αείμνηστος Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income andγια thethis placement there of artists, Δημήτρης Τσάτσος. Η usually συνεργασία μας μένα γόνιμη διδακτικά the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. ήταν However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofπου landαγαπούσαμε. prices (and the και επιστημονικά, ιδίως σε θέματα Πολιτειολογίας, Ηof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relativeσυνομιλία speculation). επιστημονική μαζί του ήταν γοητευτική. potential relative speculation). TheΣτρώθηκα term gentrification is first in the UK early 1960s it refers to αμέσωςfound στηat δουλειά σε in αυτό που and ήθελα, στο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Συνταγματικό Δίκαιο, με σκοπό ναpeople γράψω Σύντομα κατάλαβα the then observed trend wealthy to βιβλίο. buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof μελετώντας και διδάσκοντας, ότι η Δημοκρατία όχιand μόνον προϋποθέτει London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σύνταγμα, αλλά“squeezed”. και λειτουργεί being indirectly A description ofδημιουργείται, this phenomenonστήνεται, is includedοργανώνεται in the work of Sociologist Ruth με Aπάγιους σταθερούς κανόνες, που την περιορίζουν και major την description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major οριοθετούν. Δεν υπάρχει κυριαρχία χωρίς Σύνταγμα, ούτε πριν cities in Western countries, by λαϊκή other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byαυτό. other Researchers. Since then, issueαπό has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ούτε μετά ούτεthe πάνω Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Παράλληλα αναζήτησα μια λειτουργική ερμηνευτική επικοινωνία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: του αυστηρού τυπικού Συντάγματος, που the είναι περίκλειστο στον interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups εαυτού του,the γεμάτο από ανελαστικά καιofφορμαλιστικά νοήματα και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αδιάφορο για την ζωντανή και ρέουσα συνταγματική πραγματικότητα. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Έψαχνα να atcomes βρω σημεία διαρκούς ερμηνευτικής επικοινωνίας τηςin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made herτην first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: νομικής μορφής με πολιτική ουσία της, δηλαδή την πολιτική services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πραγματικότητα. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 sheτα published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher που in the Και βρήκα στην έννοιαthe του πραγματικού Συντάγματος, to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying εμπνεύστηκα από την ιταλική επιστήμη του Συνταγματικού Δικαίου, her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.οποία Wil. SONS AND Ltd. ερμηνευτική London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και την χρησιμοποίησα ως παράμετρο του τυπικού Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΣυντάγματος. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Και αφού έλυσα μέσα μου τις σχέσεις Συντάγματος και Δημοκρατίας άρχισα να διερευνώ τις σχέσεις Κράτους και Δημοκρατίας. Διέκρινα ότι το πρώτο, ως πρωτογενής και αυτοδύναμη οργάνωση εξουσίας και έννομου καταναγκασμού, είναι μια μορφή απρόσωπης εξουσίασης, ενώ η Δημοκρατία ένα καθαρά μια μορφή διακυβέρνησης, ένα πολίτευμα. Η Δημοκρατία προϋποθέτει το κράτος, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS στηρίζεται και στεγάζεται σε αυτό, αλλά δεν C. ταυτίζεται μαζί του. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Πρόκειται για δύο είδωλα του νομικού μας πολιτισμού, που στέκονται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect το ένα απέναντι από το άλλο, αντικρυστάStudent και χώρια. Δεν είναι άλλωστε of the School of Architecture τυχαίο ότι ο όρος πολίτευμα είναι αμετάφραστος στις ξένες γλώσσες Technical University of Crete και άλλοτε αποδίδεται με τον όρο Regime, άλλοτε με τον όρο Republic Introductory approach: Defining the concept ταυτίζεται με το κράτος, και1.άλλοτε με τον όρο Πολιτέ-ι-α ή απλώς 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient GreekΑριστοτέλη, philosopher, όπως στην Γερμανία. Ενώ στον Πολιτεία και πολίτευμα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the είναι δύο διακριτά πολιτικά μεγέθη. Γι'αυτό και (444 δεν πρέπει, αν θέλουμε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. να κυριολεκτούμε, νομικά και να ταthe συγχέουμε. Έτσι είναι acquisition of knowledge starts withπολιτικά, theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιφατικό, την γνώμη μου, να μιλάμε δημοκρατικό κράτος 1 κατά Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifγια notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 και όχι για δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα. Η χώρα μας π.χ. είναι ένα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inκράτος various φιλελεύθερο με δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα. Το κράτος μπορεί να Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, χαρακτηριστεί φιλελεύθερο, αυταρχικό ολοκληρωτικό ή κοινωνικό. Η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, resultsνα also rising of land (and theof Δημοκρατία δεν μπορεί επιστημονικά αποκληθεί ούτεprices φιλελεύθερη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). ούτε μηrelative φιλελεύθερη, ούτε σοσιαλιστική ή αστική ούτε κοινωνική. potential relative speculation). The απλά term gentrification first in επιθετικό the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Είναι Δημοκρατίαis found ή αν at θέλετε προσδιορισμό απλώς The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πολιτική Δημοκρατία. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Προσδιορίζεται εξάλλου η ίδια από την πολιτική ισότητα, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsως are being indirectly “squeezed”. αριθμητική ισότητα κατά τον Αριστοτέλη, δηλαδή ως τυπικά ίση για being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth όλους δυνατότητα ατομικού συλλογικού αυτό-προσδιορισμού. Ως A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while και similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τέτοια συνεπάγεται καιbyτην ίσηResearchers. ελευθερία για όλους. Η ελευθερία, ως cities in Western countries, other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,ελευθερία the issue has several scholars and forεκάστου, its more προσωπική ή ως ελεύθερη, κατά την αξίαν Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ανάπτυξη της προσωπικότητάς του, είναι μεν όρος ή αναγκαία comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, συνθήκη τηςofΔημοκρατίας, δεν είναι όμως the το following: προσδιοριστικό της interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups στοιχείο. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Και ενώ όλα αυτά τα θεμελιώδη του Συνταγματικού Δικαίου είχαν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αρχίσει να κατασταλάζουν μέσα μουGLASS, και είχα πιστέψει τα for ελέγχω: 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruthότι GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 της she published an important study entitled: απαρνήθηκα τον σοσιαλισμό για χάρη Δημοκρατίας, διαχώρισα το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for κράτος από την χωρίς να μετακινήσω από το βάθρο lower living cost of, Δημοκρατία, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andτην Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the της, καιshe ενθυλάκωσα, πανευτυχής, την ελευθερία Δημοκρατία... to another approach, the phenomenon isστη due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 3. Ξαφνικά, ενέσκηψε το φαινόμενο της παγκοσμιοποίησης και her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate,όλες etc., for the depreciation initially ofαυτά part of the urban web, in 10th edit. συθέμελα Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London μου, 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κλόνισε τις βεβαιότητές όλα που πίστευα ότι Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aείχα variety of ways, in order Abstract. to the “assisted”, (actually κατακτήσει. Έπρεπε ναachieve αρχίσω από την αρχή.“voluntary”, Να ξανα-επισκεφθώ 252149 11
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και να ανα-νοηματοδοτήσω όλες τις θεμελιώδεις κατηγορίες του Συνταγματικού Δικαίου. Η δημιουργία μιας παγκόσμιας οικονομίας της αγοράς αναστάτωσε όχι μόνον τις αγορές, τα κράτη και τους λαούς όλου του κόσμου, αλλά ταρακούνησε τις βάσεις του Συντάγματος. Και πρώτα απ'όλα την κρατική (εξωτερική και εσωτερική) κυριαρχία, και βέβαια By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS την λαϊκή κυριαρχία, τη Δημοκρατία, την διάκριση των εξουσιών και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, του κράτος δικαίου. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Διερωτώμαι, συνεχώς, αν η παγκοσμιοποίηση διαβρώνει, Student of the School of Architecture υποσκάπτει ή απλώς μεταλλάσσει το αρχικό νόημά τους. University Αν σταθώ Technical of στο Crete παράδειγμα της κρατικής κυριαρχίας ή του κράτους, τότε η απάντηση 1. Introductory the concept χωρίς αμφιβολίαapproach: είναι ότι Defining το μεταλλάσσει, το μεταμορφώνει, αλλά δεν 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Greek απλώς philosopher, το ANTISTHENIS, εξαφανίζει, δενtheτοancient καταργεί, το χρησιμοποιεί. Τα κράτη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wiseνα heritage he left us, he established aπρωταγωνιστές great the εξακολουθούν υπάρχουν και να είναι οι(444 της among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. διεθνούς κοινωνίας καιstarts τωνwith γεωπολιτικών ανακατατάξεων. Αλλάζει acquisition of knowledge theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term όμως ριζικά ρόλοςonτους και η συμπεριφορά ανάλογα φυσικά με 1ο Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated a first, ifτους, notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 την δύναμη του καθενός. Δεν φτάσαμε πάντως στο τέλος του κράτους gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ούτε της κυριαρχίας. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, ofακόμη low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Θα σταθώ γιαusually λίγο στο παράδειγμα της κρατικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other results also rising of land prices theof κυριαρχίας, γιαconsequences να δείξω τις has, μεταλλάξεις της. Η τελευταία από (and δύναμη whatever otherκαι consequences has, πολεμοχαρής results also rising land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ακαταγώνιστη ακαταμάχητη, και of κλειστοφοβική, που potential relative speculation). term gentrification found at first inκράτους, the UK inτείνει early 1960s and itσήμερα, refers to τηνThe ξέραμε στο πλαίσιοis του εθνικού να γίνει, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δύναμη εξουσίασης πανίσχυρη αλλά διαμοιρασμένη, divided, the then observed trend wealthyμεν, people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof συνεργατική, συλλογική, όπως λειτουργεί στο της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and παράδειγμα thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ακόμη, εμφανίζεται ναsimilar είναιisδια δικτυωμένη καιof ναSociologist διαχέεται σε AΉ description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the same while situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ολόκληρο τονcountries, κόσμο,by other να Researchers. γίνεται συνεχώς διαπραγματεύσιμη, cities in Western cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issueμεhas several scholarsδύναμης and for its more μεταβλητή, ανάλογα τους εκάστοτε συσχετισμούς μεταξύ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various των κρατών και τις γεωπολιτικές στο παράδειγμα της Τουρκίας comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon following: ανακατατάξεις. Έτσι βλέπουμε of ναgentrification, διαγράφεταιthe σήμερα η φυσιογνωμία interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups της. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Τέλος, ακόμη και η «εδαφική» ή «χωρική» επικράτεια and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εξαϋλώνεται καιdistributed πολλαπλασιάζεται, γίνεται «ιντερνετική» 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter bornήin sense safety the residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she madeτελικά her first studies. In 1932 she published anΈχουμε important study entitled: «ψηφιακή», και ηλεκτρονικά πορώδης. έτσι την services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πληροφορική ψηφιακές επικράτειες που από τις lower living cost ήof,τις “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New Yorkδημιουργούνται she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher the άπειρες ψηφιακές πλατφόρμες. Ζούμε ακόμη καθημερινά με in τις to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying ψηφιακές επικράτειες της τηλεοπτικής, της τηλεφωνικής ή μέσω her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,Οι in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: «face-book» και άλλων μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, επικοινωνίας. Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aψηφιακές variety of επικράτειες ways, in orderδεν to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually γνωρίζουν κρατικά σύνορα. Η κυριαρχία
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πολλαπλασιάζεται με αυτόν τον τρόπο σε πολλές λειτουργικές επικράτειες, που υπερβαίνουν μεν και υπέρκεινται των «χωρικών» συνόρων με σταθερό σημείο, ωστόσο, αναφοράς, πάντα, μια χωρική επικράτεια. 4. Η παγκοσμιοποίηση δεν δείχνει, πάντως, να ανατρέπει -και ευτυχώς- τα θεμέλια του Συνταγματικού κράτους. Εξακολουθούμε να By Mr.υλικά George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS δουλεύουμε με τα ίδια διανοητικά που C. μας κληροδότησε η Harvard University, Graduate School of Student, δημοκρατική επανάσταση και ο Διαφωτισμός με τον ΟρθόDesign, Λόγο του. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Δεν παύει ωστόσο να προκαλεί Student φόβο, of αναστατώσεις και να the School of Architecture αντιμάχεται ένα θεμελιώδες συστατικό γνώρισμα κάθε University φιλελεύθερου Technical of Crete κράτους: την θεσμική και λογική διάκριση κράτους και οικονομίας, την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept διάκριση του πολιτικού από το οικονομικό. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, Βρισκόμαστεthe μπροστά σε έναν μυθικό, παγκοσμίων διαστάσεων, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the οικονομικό Λαβύρινθο, για να χρησιμοποιήσω μια370μυθολογική among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μεταφορά, παρμένη απόstarts μια σχετικά πρόσφατη στοχαστική μελέτη του acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Προέδρου Δημοκρατίας, πουisinindicated τιτλοφορείται οapproach, «Οικονομικός 1της Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Λαβύρινθος, ο νέο-φιλελεύθερος Μινώταυρος και ο θεσμικός Θησέας». gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Βλέπουμε σήμερα το οικονομικό, σε εθνικό και παγκόσμιο επίπεδο, να Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, κυριαρχεί, όλο και περισσότερο, επίetc. του πολιτικού. Με άλλες λέξεις, η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever results alsoαλώσει rising ofκαι landδυναστεύει prices (and the οικονομίαother της consequences παγκόσμιας has, αγοράς έχει τοof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). πολιτικό,relative τις πολιτικές εξουσίες σε όλα τα κράτη. Οι απρόσωποι νόμοι potential relative speculation). term gentrification isως foundάλλος at first inΜινώταυρος, the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τηςTheκαταβροχθίζουν, ανεξέλεγκτα και The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αδίστακτα τον ενεργειακό πλούτο people του πλανήτη, την ικμάδα των areas λαών,of the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are υπαγορεύοντας και στην ανάγκη επιβάλλοντας κράτη, μεγάλα και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereσε and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μικρά, τις δημόσιες οικονομικές πολιτικές, που υπηρετούν τα τεράστια, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ιδιωτικά, αφανή συμφέροντα των αγορών, για το κοινό A description of this phenomenon is situations includedαδιαφορώντας inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major καλόinτων λαών, της ανθρωπότητας, καθώς και για το μέλλον του cities Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, issue has several scholarsανισότητες and for its more πλανήτη. Και the κυρίως για τις τεράστιες κοινωνικές που Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various παράγονται και αναπαράγονται εξαιτίας της μεταξύ των λαών, μεταξύ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: πλουσίων καιofπτωχών χωρών, of που γίνονται ακόμη πτωχότερα, καθώς interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups και μεταξύ πολιτών του ίδιου λαού. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Το πιο ανησυχητικό για μένα είναι, ότι δεν διακρίνω, προς το and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the παρόν, έναν διεθνή οργανισμό ή ένα πλέγμα οργανισμών, 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside townδιεθνών centres, for Berlin, where she made her firstτης studies. In 1932 she διακυβέρνησης, published an important study entitled: κάποιον θεσμικό Θησέα παγκόσμιας που να έχει services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for την δύναμη ναof, επιβάλει κάποια τάξη στον ακυβέρνητο απρόβλεπτο lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameκαι back to London, in According 1943 μας. she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 she teacher in the κόσμο Που ναstudies μπορεί να συντονίσει ταInκράτη και τιθασεύσει to another approach, the is due tobecame aνα systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying τον αχαλίνωτο ανταγωνισμό τους, όπως συνέβη με την συνθήκη της her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βεστφαλίας. G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually Η προηγούμενη ανησυχητική διαπίστωση με“voluntary”, οδηγεί σε έναν βαθύ 252151 11
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σκεπτικισμό. Τι είναι τελικά η παγκοσμιοποίηση; μια θανάσιμη απειλή, ένας ολέθριος κίνδυνος για την ατομική και κρατική μας υπόσταση ή απλώς μια οδυνηρή, με απρόβλεπτες συνέπειες, μετάβαση από την μια εποχή στην άλλη, ή μήπως μια παγκόσμια ευκαιρία δημιουργικής καταστροφής; Πιστεύω ότι συμβαίνει το δεύτερο, διότι αρνούμαι να δεχτώ ότι ο πλανήτης ή η ανθρωπότητα οδηγούνται μοιραία στην By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS αυτοκαταστροφή. Πρόκειται κατά τηνGeorge-Sp. γνώμη μουC.για μια μεταβατική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, περίοδο ιστορικής κυοφορίας μιας νέας εποχής, με μεγάλης διάρκειας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οδύνες τοκετού. Student of the School of Architecture 5. Αναζητώντας απεγνωσμένα να βρώ κάτιTechnical που να απαντά Universityθετικά of Crete στις προηγούμενες διερωτήσεις μου, στάθηκα συνεσταλμένα και 1. Introductoryστο approach: Definingτης the χώρας conceptμου. Μήπως σκαλίζοντας συγκρατημένα παράδειγμα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, εκεί βρώ κάποια αμυδρά ακτίδα φωτός, ας είναι και αχνή. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), amongΖήσαμε other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the επί οχτώ ολόκληρα χρόνια τα (444 δεινά της370παγκόσμιας among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. οικονομικής καιstarts τις αιματηρές συνέπειεςthe της κρίσης των acquisition ofύφεσης knowledge with theindefinition content of χρέους concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κρατών. χώρα πειραματόζωο, ως ιστορικό 1 (and μας Based,Ηtherefore, onχρησιμοποιήθηκε this “principle” is inindicated aως first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 παράδειγμα μιας παγκόσμιας και ευρωπαϊκής οικονομικής gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (inκρίσης, various υπήρξε το πρώτο θύμα ενός πρωτόγνωρου, παγκόσμιου οικονομικού Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income andσταυρώθηκε, thethis placement of artists, πολέμου. Πέρασε ένανusually απίστευτο Γολγοθά, κόντεψε να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherνα consequences has, results also landπέρασε, prices (and theof χρεοκοπήσει, χαθεί. Και όμως παρόλα ταrising δεινάofπου άντεξε, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices που (andθα the potential relative speculation). επιβίωσε, με τραύματα και σοβαρές, χρόνιες ίσως, λαβωματιές, potential relative speculation). The term χρόνια gentrification is found at first in the UKΜε in early 1960s and itωστόσο, refers to χρειαστεί πολλά να επουλωθούν. ακλόνητους, The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παρόλα αυτά, τους trend συνταγματικούς θεσμούς της.property in poor areasofof the then observed wealthy sometimes people to there buy London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are Χωρίς, ωστόσο, να αποβάλει, διαχρονικές, θεσμικές και London, upgrade them,δυστυχώς, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πολιτικές, ανεπάρκειες και κακές πρακτικές. Χωρίς να απαρνηθεί being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth σταθερά γνωρίσματα του διχαστικού και A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere theκαι workαλαζονικού, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileκακού, similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κυρίως, φαυλοκρατικού και πελατειακού εαυτού της. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issueαυτά has several scholars and for its more Στα δίσεκτα χρόνια, το δημοκρατικό πολίτευμα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various λειτούργησε, ωστόσο, ομαλά, δεν είχαμε κυβερνητική κρίση, το comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon σταθερότητα, of gentrification,και the following: αντίθετο είχαμε κυβερνητική ομαλή διαδοχή στην interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend of aπλειοψηφιών new of social groups διακυβέρνηση τεσσάρων isκυβερνητικών με ριζικά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αντίθετες και αντιμαχόμενες πολιτικές ιδεολογίες, που συνόρευαν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the άλλοτε μεterm εκείνες της δεξιάς άλλοτε πήγαιναν μέχριfor ταbetter όριαin 1.of The fromάκρας Sociologist Ruth και GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, whereΑριστεράς. she made her Τα firstγευτήκαμε studies. In 1932 sheμε published an important study entitled: της άκρας όλα εντυπωσιακή υπομονή και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανοχή. lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning. 1950 she teacher in the Ο she ελληνικός λαός έδειξε ταthe χρόνια της In κρίσης μια to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame aαξιοθαύμαστη systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying καρτερικότητα και στο τέλος και μια πολιτική ωριμότητα, που her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of partΔημοκρατίες of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: υπόσχεται πολλά καιfor θα την ζήλευαν πολλές της Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm aΕυρώπης. variety ofΗways, order to achieve the “assisted”, (actually χώραinμας ακόμη μιαhttp://www.uncanny.net/ φορά παραδόξως“voluntary”, πρωτοπορεί, για να
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
θυμηθώ τον τίτλο ενός πρόσφατου βιβλίου του Γιάννη Βούλγαρη. Εκείνο ιδίως που έδειξε μια εντυπωσιακή κανονιστική ανθεκτικότητα απέναντι στις έντονες κοινωνικές και πολιτικές πιέσεις είναι το Σύνταγμα: η δημοκρατική συνταγματική νομιμότητα και το κράτος δικαίου. Είναι πράγματι αξιοθαύμαστη η κανονιστική ανθεκτικότητα και η ερμηνευτική πλαστικότητα του Συντάγματος του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 1975/2001. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Στη θετική αυτή συνταγματική εξέλιξη συνέβαλαν είναι αλήθεια By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τόσο η πολιτική εξουσία, που εφάρμοσε πρωτογενώς το Σύνταγμα Student of the School of Architecture τηρώντας σε γενικές γραμμές τις επιταγές του,Technical όσο καιUniversity η νομολογία, of Crete κυρίως εκείνη του Συμβουλίου της Επικράτειας, που έλεγξε την 1. Introductory approach: the conceptμέτρων δημοσιονομικής συνταγματικότητα των Defining νομοθετικών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, προσαρμογής. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: BC, Athens), amongΟιother wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εκάστοτε κοινοβουλευτικές πλειοψηφίες της 370 κρίσης, όλες among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χωρίς εξαίρεση, σήκωσαν ένα the δυσβάστακτο πολιτικό βάρος και acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term ανέλαβαν, τελικά, τις πολιτικές ευθύνες πουif (in τις the αναλογούσαν. Αλλες 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 εκούσια και άλλες ακούσια, άλλες από την αρχή, έστω και με το ζόρι και gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various άλλες παρά την θέλησή τους. Συμμορφώθηκαν, τελικά, πλήρως στους Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement there of artists, στόχους καιof τις επιταγές των σκληρών καιthethis βίαιων προγραμμάτων the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results alsoψηφίζοντας, rising of landτάχιστα, prices (and δημοσιονομικής προσαρμογής της χώρας, με the τιςof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising ofχιλιάδες land pricesσελίδες (and the potential relative επιβαλλόμενες συνταγματικές διαδικασίες potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atνόμους, first in the UK inνα early 1960s and it refersτις to εκτελεστικούς των Μνημονίων χωρίς διακινδυνεύσουν The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εννοήσεις του κράτους δικαίου και τιςto buy ελευθερίες των πολιτών. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves thereproperty and thus old residents areof Μπορούν, τώρα,them, όλεςstay οι themselves κυβερνητικές κοινοβουλευτικές δυνάμεις London, upgrade sometimes there and thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. επαίρονται, δίκαια, ότι συνέβαλαν, η κάθε μία με τον τρόπο της, στην being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth έξοδο από την πρωτοφανή δημοσιονομική κρίση. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major την άλλη, η νομολογία της κρίσης κατάφερε, με πρωτοπόρο cities inΑπό Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,απόφαση, the issue has scholars and for its more την σκληρή hard case, τουseveral ΣτΕ 668/2012, ερμηνεύοντας Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the δυναμικά και πραγματιστικά τον υπέρτατο Νόμο του Κράτους, να comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theμε phenomenon gentrification, following: σταθμίσει δίκαια γνώμονα ofτην αρχή της the αναλογικότητας, τα επί interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend ofτάξεων a new groups μέρους συμφέροντα των is κοινωνικών με τοof social γενικότερο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οικονομικό και κοινωνικό συμφέρον της χώρας, χωρίς να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the αμφισβητήσει τηνdistributed συνταγματικότητα των1912-1940. διεθνών δεσμεύσεων τηςin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: χώρας μας. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 6. Υπάρχει ένα άλλο χαρακτηριστικό γνώρισμα του lower living cost of,και “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to ελληνικού London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Συντάγματος, δενapproach, μπορώ να παραλείψω. Ο αιωνόβιος ελληνικός to που another the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying συνταγματισμός, δεν απέδειξε μόνον, συμπληρώνοντας αισίως ζωή δύο her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αιώνων, ότι διαθέτει κανονιστική ανθεκτικότητα, έδειξε ταυτόχρονα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aότι variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, διαθέτει και θεσμική ευελιξία, που “voluntary”, του χαρίζει(actually εσαεί 252153 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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προσαρμοστικότητα στις μεταβαλλόμενες παγκόσμιες γεωπολιτικές συνθήκες. Με οδηγό το προφητικό άρθρο 28 παρ.2 και 3Σ (που είναι επινόηση και του αείμνηστου Δημήτρη Ευρυγένη, και το υπερασπίστηκε από την αρχή με θέρμη ένας αφοσιωμένος στην ιδέα της ευρωπαϊκής ενοποίησης ακαδημαϊκός δάσκαλος, ο αλησμόνητος συνάδελφος και παιδικός φίλος Γ. Παπαδημητρίου. Ένας ακόμη By Mr. George-Sp. Θεσσαλονικιός Καθηγητής της Νομικής, που μαζίC.μεATHANASOPOULOS τον αείμνηστο Κ. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Κεραμέα, τίμησαν την χώρας μας, οι μέν δύο πρώτοι, κυρίως στην By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ευρώπη, ενώ ο τρίτος στον κόσμο). Student of the School of Architecture Χάρις στο άρθρο 28Σ η χώρα μας άνοιξε διάπλατα τις φιλόξενες Technical University of Crete πύλες της στη διεθνή κοινωνία και στους μετασχηματισμούς της. 1. Introductory Defining concept ότι είναι συνταγματικά Έδειξε έμπρακταapproach: στα χρόνια του the Μνημονίου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS,να theσυμμετέχει ancient Greek philosopher, προετοιμασμένη ισότιμα χωρίς περιττές συνταγματικές ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αναθεωρήσεις στο ευρωπαϊκό πολιτικό και οικονομικό γίγνεσθαι, στην among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. σταδιακή οικοδόμηση ενός ευρωπαϊκού συνταγματισμού. Άντεξε, γιατί acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term προσαρμόστηκε συμβιβάστηκε πολιτικά 1 (andκαι Based, therefore, onπροσαρμόστηκε this “principle” is inγιατί a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the και term urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 θεσμικά στις απαιτήσεις των καιρών. Ο συμβιβασμός, όταν gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various συνοδεύεται από συνεχή, κοπιαστική και έξυπνη διαπραγμάτευση, δεν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofαρετή, low-income and thethis there of artists, είναι προδοσία είναι πολιτική είναι η ίδια ηplacement τέχνη της Πολιτικής, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof του Κυβερνάν. whatever otherspeculation). consequences results rising of landεμπειρία, prices (and the potential Μεrelative βάση την πλούσια, has, έστω και also οδυνηρή, αυτή που potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at ότι first μπορούμε in the UK inτώρα early 1960s and it refersμε to αποκτήσαμε ως χώρα, is πιστεύω να ατενίζουμε The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor σχετική αισιοδοξία την ιστορική πουproperty τελεί ενinεξελίξει: τηνof the then observed trend wealthyδιαδικασία people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are πρόκληση μιας them, αβέβαιης, δύστοκης, μακρόπνοης καιold επώδυνης London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συναρμολόγησης τουphenomenon εθνικού συνταγματισμού με of τιςSociologist υπερεθνικές being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this is included in the work Ruth νομιμότητες, πουofperiod, πληθύνονται καιisσυμπλέκονται όλο και πιο πολύ με A description this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τις in εθνικές. Η χώρας μας Researchers. δείχνει, πάντως, ότι είναι έτοιμη cities Western countries, by other cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars andχρειαστεί for its more συνταγματικά να προσαρμοστεί στη νέα εποχή, χωρίς να να Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various θυσιάσει την πολιτική δημοκρατική της ταυτότητα, την κυριαρχία της, comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of gentrification, thebelow, following: την ελευθερίαofτης ήphenomenon το κράτος δικαίου. interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a7.sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of social groups Ναtheγιατί περατώνοντας την ofακαδημαϊκή μου καριέρα, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αισθάνομαι περήφανος που υπηρέτησα με πάθος, πίστη και αφοσίωση and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τον 1.ofThe ελληνικό συνταγματισμό. Αισθάνομαι termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasδιπλά born in sense safety theδημοκρατικό distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made herμε first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ικανοποιημένος διότι την ίδια πίστη και το ίδιο πάθος συνέχισα και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συνεχίζω να of, διδάσκω, σήμερα, μελετώντας γράφοντας. lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, μέχρι Prague, London and car New York she cameκαι back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the Διδάσκω για ναanother μαθαίνω και μαθαίνω για να διδάσκω. to approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Είμαι αιωνίως δέσμιος της πνευματικής αυτής ερωτικής σχέσης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd.το London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δασκάλου μαθητή. Αυτό είναι τρίτο πάθος μου, αυτή είναι η Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aάσβεστη variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually αγάπη μου, που είναι αδιαχώριστη με τις άλλες δύο.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Αποκαμωμένος, ύστερα By από τόσα χρόνια έρευνας και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ακαδημαϊκής πορείας, ονειρεύομαι, τώρα, να πάω να ξαποστάσω στο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Βουνό των Κενταύρων, στο ΠήλιοStudent και ofνα αγναντεύω την the School of Architecture απεραντοσύνη του Αιγαίου, προσμένοντας να δώ τον θεσμικό Technical UniversityΘησέα of Crete μιας παγκόσμιας διακυβέρνησης, να γυρίζει με άσπρα πανιά από την 1. Introductory approach: the concept γενέτειρα του πατέρα μου,Defining την Κρήτη, κομίζοντάς με την ελπίδα για ένα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek καλύτερο Κόσμο μεthe Δημοκρατία καιphilosopher, Δικαιοσύνη. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he τελειώνει left us, he established a great the Εδώ κυρίες και κύριοι η εκμυστήρευσή μου. Επιτρέψτε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μου τώρα να καιstarts σε μια προσωπική εξομολόγηση. acquisition of προβώ knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αν έφτασα εδώ και έζησα ακούσατε είναιthe γιατί 1 (and μέχρις Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aαυτά first, ifπου notthe final, approach, term urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 είχα μαζί μου την Θεά τύχη. Η ευχή της μάνας μου να είσαι καλότυχος gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various γιέ μου, έπιασε. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Καλότυχος που στα φοιτητικά μου χρόνια έτυχε να έχω δάσκαλο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,και results also rising of land pricesπρότυπό (and theof τον Μάνεση, που με ενέπνευσε αποτέλεσε το ακαδημαϊκό whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μου. potential relative speculation). TheΚαλότυχος term gentrification is found at firstτων in the UK in earlyσπουδών 1960s and itγνώρισα refers to γιατί με το πέρας πτυχιακών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αγάπησα και παντρεύτηκα τηνpeople συμφοιτήτρια μουin την Γιώταof the then observed trend wealthy to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are Κραβαρίτου. Ξεκινήσαμε και περατώσαμε μαζί τιςand μεταπτυχιακές και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. διδακτορικές μας σπουδές και αποκτήσαμε δύο υπέροχα τέκνα, τον being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Νικόλα τονofperiod, Βαγγέλη, μας χάρισαν A description this phenomenon is included inwere theστη work συνέχεια of Sociologist Ruth GLASS atκαι the same whileπου similar situations recorded in otherπέντε major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τρισχαριτωμένα εγγόνια, τον Αντώνη, την Μέλια, την Μυρσίνη, την cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherστη Researchers. Since then, issue several scholars and for more Κατερίνα και the την Αλκή.has Κοντά Γιώτα έμαθα να ανοίγω ταitsφτερά Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various μου και να πετώ, να απογειώνομαι. Έσβησε ήρεμα την ίδια μέρα που comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon γεννήθηκε το of πρώτο μας εγγόνι.of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In aΚαλότυχος, sense, theof phenomenon is due of a new of socialσας groups τέλος, γιατί ανtoμεa trend βλέπετε σήμερα απέναντί να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money στέκομαι όρθιος και ευθυτενής είναι γιατί τα τελευταία τριάντα χρόνια and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the της 1.ζωής μου είχα, εγώ ο Αντώνιος, έναν 1912-1940. πιστό φύλακα άγγελο, τηνin term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anόνομα important study entitled: αγαπημένη σύζυγό μου Κλύττα, με το βαφτιστικό Κλεοπάτρα, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for που με προστάτευε και με φρόντιζε, με car ανεχόταν και υπόμενε, που lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she cameμε back to London, where in According 1943 she published regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher the με γοήτευε με τα studies γαλανά μάτια της, το γλυκό της καιin το to another approach, the phenomenon is χαμόγελό due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying λεπτό της χιούμορ. Που ξαγρυπνούσε στο προσκέφαλό μου τα τρία her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd.να London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: τελευταία χρόνια και μεfor βοήθησε ξεπεράσω τα σοβαρά προβλήματα Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm aυγείας variety of ways, in order to achieve “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually που είχα. Της οφείλω την http://www.uncanny.net/ ζωήthe μου. 252155 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252157 11
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ΥΠΟΓΕΙΑ – ΗΜΙΥΠΟΓΕΙΑ ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of ΚΑΙ Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κ. Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ Αρχιτέκτ., Ομότ. Καθηγ. ΕΜΠ, Concerns Κοσμήτορος Σχολής Αρχιτεκτονικής, Μηχανικής και Γεωπεριβαλλοντικών Επιστημών,
By Mr.Πανεπιστήμιο George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πριν από αρκετά χρόνια κυκλοφόρησε στους κινηματογράφους η Student of the School of Architecture ταινία «Το Βαρύ Πεπόνι», (1977) του ΠαύλουTechnical Τάσιου.University Το θέμαof Crete της
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αφορούσε την ζωή ενός νεαρού ζευγαριού, οι οποίοι σε συνθήκες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept οικονομικής στενότητας, κατοικούσαν σε ένα ελάχιστο, ημιυπόγειο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, διαμέρισμα στην Αθήνα τότε. Greek Η διαβίωσή τους στον συγκεκριμένο χώρο the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370επίπεδο BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,αφού he established a great the ήτανANTISTHENIS, υποβαθμισμένη τόσο χωρικά, ζούσαν κάτω από-“principle”: το της among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. γης, όσο και γενικότερα πολιτιστικά, αφού ήταν υποχρεωμένοι να acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term υφίστανται όλες τις αρνητικές παρενέργειες αυτού του τρόπου διαμονής. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Εκτός των γενικότερων συνθηκών, ιδιαίτερη σημασία, είχε ένα στενό, 1 (and urban gentrification) gentrification indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various παράθυρο-φεγγίτης που επέτρεπε μια υποψία φυσικού φωτισμού και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αερισμού, αποτελούσε το μοναδικό τμήμα κατασκευής που είχε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andτης thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of κάποια επαφή έξω κόσμο, πρόσφερε κάποια στοιχειώδη οπτική the operation ofμε artτον galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this regardless whatever other consequences has,και results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof επαφή μεrelative αυτόν. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Η καθημερινότητα των at ενοίκων, συνδέεται άμεσαandμέσω του potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to The term found atpeople firstαπό in the UKσκηνοθέτη, in early 1960s and itareas refersofto φεγγίτη, καιgentrification με διακριτικό χιούμορ the then observed trend ofiswealthy toτον buy property in περιλαμβάνει poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas μεταξύ άλλων την έντονη δυσοσμία από τα to καυσαέρια και τους θορύβους London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, themselves και sometimes there andτα thus old residents are από τις εξατμίσεις τωνstay αυτοκινήτων ιδιαίτερα από μηχανάκια ή τις being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A descriptionκυβισμού of this phenomenon included work of Sociologist μεγαλύτερου μηχανές is που είτεin the διέρχονταν απέξω, Ruth είτε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major στάθμευαν μπροστά από τον φεγγίτη. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΕνώ Western countries, by other Researchers. όμως η χιουμοριστική πλευρά του ουσιαστικά τόσο cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for itsλογική more υποβαθμισμένου τρόπου κατοίκισης μπορεί να έχει την δική της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from στο πλαίσιο μιας ταινίας, εντούτοις στην πραγματικότητα, οι κίνδυνοι από comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: πλημμύρες, ή από εξάπλωση υγρασιών, και the μόνιμης μούχλας στις interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups επιφάνειες τοίχων, δαπέδων και οροφών είναι εκεί και είναι εξαιρετικά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σοβαροί. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ο τίτλος τηςdistributed τελευταίας ταινίας του Νοτιοκορεάτη σκηνοθέτη The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedμε anτον important study entitled: Μπονγκ Τζουν-χο, είναι «ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ». Βραβεύτηκε Χρυσό Φοίνικα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for στο πρόσφατο (2019) Φεστιβάλ των Καννών, καθώς καιback με το βραβείο lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to to London, ξένης ταινίας στις φετινές (2020) Χρυσές Σφαίρες. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she με continued her social research. brokers Her public and Τα «ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ» την λεπτομερέστατη περιγραφή της long-term informal effort αρχίζουν by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theοικογένειας, depreciation initially of partάθλιο, of the urban web, in ζωής μιας τετραμελούς σε WIKIPEDIA: έναν ελάχιστο, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαπροσδιόριστης variety of ways, in orderκατασκευής, to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually χρονικά ημιυπόγειο χώρο, τόσο όσον αφορά
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
τα συστατικά του, αλλά κυρίως τον τρόπο χρήσης του από τα τέσσερα αυτά άτομα. Στην αρχική σκηνή η οποία συνίσταται από ένα εκπληκτικό μετωπικό, σε αποχρώσεις ώχρας, σχεδόν μονοχρωματικό, υποφωτισμένο, στατικό πλάνο. Η κάμερα στοχεύει από το εσωτερικό του χώρου, προς ένα πανοραμικό παράθυρο-φεγγίτη, που είναι το φυσικό όριο ανάμεσα στον εσωτερικό χώρο και τον έξω κόσμο, πουGeorge-Sp. δεν είναι C. άλλος από την επίσης By Mr. ATHANASOPOULOS άθλια γειτονιά στην οποία ζουν.University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Harvard By εξαιρετικά Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Έξω από το υγρό, θολό και βρώμικο τζάμι, τοArchitect οποίο Student of the School Architecture ουσιαστικά είναι μια δεύτερη οθόνη εντός του επίπεδου χώρουofτης οθόνης Technical Universityαπό of Crete προβολής, διαγράφονται διάφορα μικρά ή πιο μεγάλα περιστατικά τη γενικώς μίζερη καθημερινότητα που εκτυλίσσεται στον δρόμο, με 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σχολαστική μάλιστα προσοχή σε λεπτομέρειες, όπως η ούρηση ενός 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ταλαιπωρημένου μέθυσου στην γωνία ενός τοίχου έξω τον ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,από Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aακριβώς great the φεγγίτη. Η σκηνή καδράρεται έξοχα από τον φεγγίτη, ενώ among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. το συγκεκριμένο πλάνο φοβερή ένταση, ηtheοποία acquisition of knowledge starts withμια thein definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on υποβάλλει this “principle” a first, ifεσωτερική not final, approach, term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,της if (in not final, approach, the term επιτείνεται με το αδιόρατο, αργό ζουμάρισμα κάμερας. urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Ενώas well), όμως η “refining” δεδομένηof aασφυκτική κατάσταση προβάλλεται Sociology as the city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), asμε the “refining” of aεξαιρετικά city area, removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe the placement there κινηματογραφικά την χρήση εύστοχων, κοντινών και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationγεμάτων of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ασφυκτικά πλάνων, η συνέχεια της ταινίας έχει απρόβλεπτη the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results risingthis of land μοντέρνο prices (and theof εξέλιξη, μεother τηνofπλοκή να μεταφέρεται στο ιδιαίτερα άνετο, σπίτι whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μιας εύπορης, τετραμελούς επίσης, αστικής όμως, οικογένειας, η οποία potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s και and itτων refers to αποτελείται από το ζεύγος των νέων σε UK ηλικία γονιών, δύο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor παιδιών τους, και της οικονόμου. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Το upgrade σπίτι,- them, σύμφωνα με το σενάριο κάποιον London, stay themselves sometimesσχεδιασμένο there and thus από old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. σπουδαίο αρχιτέκτονα-, έχει όλα τα προφανή χαρακτηριστικά ενός being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ουσιαστικά μοντερνισμού, η εκτεταμένη A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included όπως inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπαρερμηνευμένου same while similar in otherχρήση major του εμφανούς μπετόν, οι ακραία άδειοι και γυμνοί χώροι, τα λίγα και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. καλοσχεδιασμένα έπιπλα και ένα τεράστιο υαλοστάσιο που ενοποιεί τον Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, has several scholars and for various itsκήπο. more εσωτερικό χώροthe με issue τον φροντισμένο, στρωμένο μεbelow, γρασίδι, ιδιωτικό comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Έπειτα από σειρά συμπτώσεις αλλά και όλα interpretations of theμια phenomenon of gentrification, the μικροτεχνάσματα, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aεγκαθίστανται, new of το social groups τα μέλη της τετραμελούς φτωχής οικογένειας κάθε ένα to to the city, leaving the for several high costs in money με“return” διαφορετική ιδιότητα, στοpurlieus σπίτι αυτό, ενώreasons: η οικονόμος απολύεται. and time οι to travel from the purlieus to downtown, work place lack of the Όταν ιδιοκτήτες αναχωρούν για where εκδρομή, οι is, επισκέπτες 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies townσκηνή centres, οικειοποιούνται όλους τους χώρους του outside και σε μια που παραπέμπει Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment the heart ofστην the city”, (possibly) κατευθείαν στο education, αντίστοιχο «Δείπνο των“atΖητιάνων» «ΒΙΡΙΔΙΑΝΑ» Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and in Geneva, London and New York she came backσε to London, where (1961) τουresearch μεγάλου Louis Prague, Bunuel, οι επισκέπτες καταλήγουν ένα etc. όμοιο in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and γλέντι…το οποίοofόμως διακόπτεται απότομα. University informal College London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: DICTIONARY. Εν are τούτοις, το τραγικό μυστικό αυτού του COLLINS σπιτιούENGLISH βρίσκεται βαθιά and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κρυμμένο στα υπόγειά του. Ενώ συνήθως στα σπίτια αυτής της G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κατηγορίας, οι υπόγειοι χώροι χρησιμεύουν είτε ως αποθήκες, είτε ως 252159 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, κάβες για την συντήρηση πανάκριβων κρασιών, μερικές δε φορές για Concerns of Gentrification γυμναστήρια ή σάουνες, στο συγκεκριμένο σπίτι το υπόγειο έχει Concerns μετατραπεί σε κρύπτη και χώρο διαμονής για χρόνια, του συζύγου της
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οικονόμου. Μια κρυφή, απότομη και καταλήγει σκάλα φτάνει στην λαβυρινθώδη διάταξη γυμνών, και στενών, ημιφωτισμένων, ψυχρών By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαδρόμων που οδηγούν σε University, ένα μικρό, ασφυκτικό, Harvard Graduate School of κλειστοφοβικό Design, Student, By Mr. αντικείμενα, George-Sp. C.χωρίς ATHANASSOPOULOS δωμάτιο υπερφορτωμένο με διάφορα οποιονδήποτε Architect Student of theαυτός Schoolοofάνθρωπος, Architecture φυσικό φωτισμό. Και όμως εκεί είναι εγκατεστημένος Technical Universityμε of Crete ο οποίος επικοινωνεί με τον έξω κόσμο με σήματα και επιβιώνει την φροντίδα της οικονόμου συζύγου του, που τον τροφοδοτεί κρυφά, με τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ελάχιστα αναγκαία. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Το σύνολο αυτών των χωρικών οργανώσεων, σχέσεων και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the αντιθέσεων, είναι ακόμα ένα εξαιρετικό κινηματογραφικό δείγμα αυτής among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the της βίαιηςtherefore, κοινωνικής αντίθεσης κάτω από τη γη και acquisition of knowledge starts withτης theζωής the content ofαυτής concepts. Based, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, theπάνω term 1 on this “principle” inστον a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term απόBased, αυτήν.therefore, Της αντίθεσης που έρχεταιis κινηματογράφο τοthe 1927 (and urban gentrification) indicated area ofαπό Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification και την μνημειώδη «ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΗ» του Fritz Lang, με τονthis, διαχωρισμό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from (in various Sociology asεργάζονται well), as the “refining” of a city the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), ofπου social groups, usually of low-income andτην theremoval placement αυτών στα υπόγειά της area, για παραγωγή ενέργειας για ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, this “change”, regardless of τους προνομιούχους, οι οποίοι ζουν etc. καιHowever απολαμβάνουν τα πάντα στην the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof επιφάνεια. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Σταrelative «ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ» του Μονγκ Τζουν-χο το υπόγειο είναι χώρος potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found atκαι firstεγκλεισμού. in the UK in early refers to απομόνωσης, αλλά ταυτόχρονα Είναι1960s όμωςand ο itχώρος, ο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor οποίος όπως εξελίσσεται η πλοκή, αναδεικνύεται στο ορμητήριο από όπου the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof αρχίζει η upgrade πιο βίαιη σκηνή ταινίας,sometimes με τον τραυματισμένο έγκλειστο London, them, stayτης themselves there and thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. εκρήγνυται, και να διαλύει το παιδικό πάρτυ που γίνεται στον κήπο, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κατακρεουργώντας κυριολεκτικά κάποιους αυτούς που A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedαπό inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inγιορτάζουν other major στον κήπο. Ενοίκους και φιλοξενούμενους φίλους τους. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities Western countries, by other Researchers. Ηin αντίθεση από σκοτεινό υπόγειο, με την ενδιάμεση μετάβαση Since then, the issueτο has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more μέσα από τους σχετικά ημιφωτισμένους χώρους του ισογείου comprehensive approach are being summarized below, fromτου theσπιτιού, various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various και την έξοδο στον φωτεινό, ηλιόλουστο, υπαίθριο χώρο του interpretations of theυπέρλαμπρο, phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon the following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups κήπου και the ταof διαυγή χαρούμενα χρώματα των ενδυμασιών, είναι to “return” to theμιας city, leaving the purlieus for severalσυνήθως reasons: high costs in money αποκαλυπτική πραγματικότητας η οποία εκλαμβάνεται ως and time και to travel from the purlieus downtown, where workχωρίς place is, lack of the φυσική δεδομένη. Την οποίαtoόμως ο σκηνοθέτης, κραυγαλέες 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies town centres, διακηρύξεις ναρκοθετεί και με τον τίτλοoutside της1912-1940. ταινίας αφήνει να αιωρείται Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ; the heart of the city”, (possibly) το αμείλικτο ερώτημα: άραγε είναι τα Youth Unemployment. The ΠΟΙΑ same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Υ.Γ.are Η characterized ταινία «ΠΑΡΑΣΙΤΑ» τιμήθηκε σταSee φετινά «OSCARENGLISH 2020» με τέσσερα her work by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,και in 10th edit. Σκηνοθεσίας, Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Βραβεία: Καλύτερης Ταινίας, Καλύτερης Ξενόγλωσσης Ταινίας Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΠρωτότυπου variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Σεναρίου.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek ** **philosopher, ** ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: Επιτυχής διάλεξη στην Σ.Εθ.Α του Καθηγητού Επιτυχής διάλεξη στην Σ.Εθ.Α του Καθηγητού acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Πανεπιστημίου Based, therefore, onΠανεπιστημίου this “principle” aΝεάπολις, first, if of not final, approach, the term Νεάπολις, 1 (and Κωνσταντίνου Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ 1Κωνσταντίνου gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Με το πάντα επίκαιρο θέμα “Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις και Μέσα Μαζικής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Με πάντα επίκαιρο θέμα “Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας: σχέσεις αντιπαράθεσης ή στοργής;”, μίλησε ο και Kαθηγητής του ways), of το social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις, (το οποίο εδρεύει στην Πάφο), Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. Επικοινωνίας: σχέσεις αντιπαράθεσης ή στοργής;”, μίλησε ο Kαθηγητής του the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ στους συμμετέχοντες Έλληνες, Κύπριους και άλλων Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις, (το οποίο εδρεύει στην Πάφο), Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). εθνικοτήτων, Αξιωματικούς στο ετήσιας διάρκειας Πρόγραμμα περαιτέρω ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ στουςis found συμμετέχοντες Έλληνες, Κύπριους και άλλων potential relative speculation). TheΕπιμόρφωσης term gentrification first inΕλλάδος. the UK in early 1960s and it refers to της Σχολής ΕθνικήςatΑμύνης εθνικοτήτων, Αξιωματικούς στο ετήσιας διάρκειας Πρόγραμμα περαιτέρω The term gentrification found atpeople firstστις in the UKτων in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Ο ομιλητής αναφέρθη, κατ’ αρχάς, δομές Ενόπλων the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inΔυνάμεων poor Επιμόρφωσης της Σχολής Εθνικής Αμύνης Ελλάδος. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buyΜαζικής property in poor areas διαφόρων κρατών και βασικά στοιχεία περί Μέσων Επικοινωνίας, London, upgrade them, stayσε themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof με ομιλητής έμφαση σε εκείνα του τους, τον Ο αναφέρθη, κατ’καθεστώτος αρχάς, στιςιδιοκτησίας δομές των Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus oldτρόπο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. λειτουργίας τους επίσε εθνικού καιστοιχεία διεθνούς επιπέδου, τις κύριες λειτουργίες τις being indirectly “squeezed”. διαφόρων κρατών και βασικά περί Μέσων Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, A description of this επιτελούν, phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οποίες πρέπειofνα σε θέματα οικονομικής ενίσχυσης, σε Ruth description this phenomenon is situations included inwere theτους workτους, of Sociologist με A έμφαση σε εκείνα του καθεστώτος ιδιοκτησίας τον τρόπο GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major ζητήματα μηχανισμών ελέγχου τους κ.ά. GLASS at Εν the same similar situations were recorded in other major λειτουργίας τους επί period, εθνικού και διεθνούς τις κύριες λειτουργίες τις cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. συνεχεία ανέφερε στοιχεία για επιπέδου, τους μηχανισμούς προβολής του cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. οποίες πρέπει να επιτελούν, σε από θέματα οικονομικής τους ενίσχυσης, σε Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for και its more έργου τωνthe Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων τα Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more υπεγράμμισε με έμφαση, ότι τόσο το Επιτελείο Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων Ελλάδος, ζητήματα μηχανισμών ελέγχου τους κ.ά. comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various όσο συνεχεία και τοofΓενικό Επιτελείο Εθνικής Φρουράς τηςμηχανισμούς Κύπρου, με τις δεδομένες Εν ανέφερε στοιχεία για τους προβολής του interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: λειτουργικές δομές τους διάχυσης πληροφοριών, ανταποκρίνονται interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: έργου των Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων από Μέσα Μαζικής Επικοινωνίας, και In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, aτα trend of a new of social groups λυσιτελώς, αποτελεσματικώς και τελεσφόρως στην εθνωφελή αποστολή υπεγράμμισε με έμφαση, ότιthe τόσο το Επιτελείο Ενόπλων to “return” city, leaving purlieus for several reasons:Δυνάμεων high costs Ελλάδος, in money τους. to the and to travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, δεδομένες lack όσο time και το Γενικόfrom Επιτελείο Εθνικής Φρουράς της Κύπρου, με τις Σημειώνεται, ότι στον Καθηγητή Κωνσταντίνο ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟ, με of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search λειτουργικές δομές τους διάχυσης πληροφοριών, ανταποκρίνονται απόφαση Αρχηγού των Ελληνικών Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων έχει απονεμηθεί ο better Berlin,τίτλος whereτου she Επίτιμου made her Διαλέκτου first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Καθηγητού Εθνικής services of health, education, entertainment “at theστην heartτης ofΣχολής the city”, (possibly) λυσιτελώς, αποτελεσματικώς και(Ομοτίμου) τελεσφόρως εθνωφελή αποστολή Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Αμύνης. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where τους. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Σημειώνεται, ότι στον Καθηγητή Κωνσταντίνο ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟ,in με University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying απόφαση Αρχηγού τωνbyΕλληνικών Δυνάμεων απονεμηθεί ο her work are characterized a passion for Ενόπλων justice. See also: COLLINSέχει ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in τίτλος του Επίτιμου Διαλέκτου (Ομοτίμου) Καθηγητού της Σχολής Εθνικής 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑμύνης. variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Πικάσσο/Εργα πηλό GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofσεIntervention, Πικάσσο και Αρχαιότητα/Γραμμή και πηλός Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Παράλληλες εκθέσειs Concerns
Της κυρίας Ελ. ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ Αρχιτέκτ., MSc. University College London By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ειδικού Διδακτικού Προσωπικού, Harvard Μέλους University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Σχ. Αρχιτεκτ. Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture
Technical University of δύο Crete Την πρόσφατη περίοδο που διανύσαμε ήταν σε λειτουργία εκθέσεις με ανάλογο περιεχόμενο. Η concept μία, με τίτλο Πικάσσο/Εργα σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the πηλό, εκτίθετο στον χώροDefining περιοδικών εκθέσεων του- 370 Αρχαιολογικού 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), Μουσείου στη Λευκωσία (12.6-8.9 2019),και η άλλη, με τίτλο Πικάσσο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he left us,definition heστο established a greatof“principle”: the και Αρχαιότητα/Γραμμή και πηλός, χώρο εκθέσεων acquisition of knowledge starts with the of theπεριοδικών content concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. του Μουσείου Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης στην Αθήνα (20.6-20.10 2019). Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, πρόθεση if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Παρ΄όλη την παρόμοια Μουσειολογική έκθεσης, όπως 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various καταγράφεται στους συνοπτικούς καταλόγους των δύο εκθέσεων, εν Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of η social groups, usually ofαπό low-income andthe theremoval placement τούτοις προσλαμβανόμενη τον επισκέπτη εννοιολογική πρόθεση ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of του περιεχομένου αυτών ήταν διαφορετική. Πού this έγκειται η διαφορά? Η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof παράθεση των speculation). παρατηρήσεων οποίαalso ακολουθεί αποτέλεσμα whatever other consequences has,ηresults rising of είναι land prices (and the potential relative της προσωπικής αίσθησης κατά την επίσκεψη των δύο εκθέσεων από potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first περισσότερο in the UK in early andχωρικών itareas refersofto τηνthen γράφουσα καιtrend προσανατολίζεται σε 1960s θέματα the observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas σχέσεων. London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Ο χώρος περιοδικών εκθέσεων στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of ενιαίος this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Λευκωσίας είναι ,αρκετά ψηλός με φυσικό φωτισμό από ψηλά A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major (φεγγίτες) και αποτελεί τμήμα του κτηρίου του Μουσείου. Η GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. προσέγγιση της αίθουσας από τον επισκέπτη επιτυγχάνεται, μέσα από cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more την περιήγηση του στις αίθουσες έκθεσης του from Μουσείου το Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various itsμεmore comprehensive approach arepreoccupied beingμόνιμης summarized below, ανεκτίμητο σε αξία μουσειακό υλικό αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων. Σε comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory αντίθεση, Μουσείο ηfollowing: προσέγγιση του In a sense,στο theof phenomenon isΚυκλαδικής dueof togentrification, a trend Τέχνης of a new of social groups επισκέπτη είναι άμεση, αφού ο χώρος περιοδικής έκθεσης στεγάζεται to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel the purlieusΜουσείο, to downtown, work place is, lackμεofτην the ανεξάρτητα απόfrom το υπόλοιπο στο where ίδιο σχεδόν επίπεδο 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes theΗ distributed residencies outside town centres, κεντρική είσοδο. αίθουσα είναι σε σχήμα γάμμα, αποτελούμενη από Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofυποχώρους health, education, entertainment “at theοheart the city”, (possibly) μικρούς οποίοι διαδέχονται έναςof τον άλλο μικρούfor Youth Unemployment. The οι same year she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York sheφωτισμό. came back toΗLondon, σχετικά ύψους για εκθεσιακό χώρο, χωρίς φυσικό διαφορά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and σε σχέσηinformal με το αρχιτεκτονικό ύφος(στυλ) δύοbrokers είναι University College of London, where she continued her socialτων research. Herχώρων public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. εμφανής. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia:
G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Στο Μουσείο Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης ο χώρος εισόδου (πληροφορίες, εισιτήρια)το κατάστημα και το αναψυκτήριο, θα υποστήριζε κανείς, ότι αποτελούν δείγμα σύγχρονης αναβαθμισμένης ¨καθαρής¨ και ¨γυαλιστερής¨ αρχιτεκτονικής, με υλικά όπως μάρμαρο, λευκό ως επι το πλείστον γυαλιστερό, ξύλο, μορφές και στοιχεία με σύγχρονες γεωμετρίες, χρώματα σε τόνους του λευκού. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Σε αντίθεση, στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Λευκωσίας, τα υλικά Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, (μάρμαρο, τσιμέντο, ξύλο) φέρουν έντονα την πατίνα του χρόνου οι δε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χρωματικές αποχρώσεις που κυριαρχούν είναι σε τόνους γήινους Student of the School of Architecture (αποχρώσεις του γκρι και ώχρας).Το φως διαχέεται στοUniversity εσωτερικό με Technical of Crete φυσικό τρόπο από τους φεγγίτες, τα δε αρχαιολογικά εκθέματα του 1. Introductory approach: the concept Μουσείου, πήλινα, χάλκιναDefining και χρυσά ενσωματώνονται χρωματικά με 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, το ANTISTHENIS, περιβάλλον τους. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wiseιδέα heritage he left us, he established a great the -Ηother βασική της έκθεσης στο Μουσείο Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης στην among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Αθήνα, είναι αυτή τηςstarts ανάμειξης και κατά συνέπεια άμεσης acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content ofτης concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιπαραβολής των αρχαίων αντικειμένων οποία ¨επηρέασαν¨ στην 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,τα if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 παραγωγή ανάλογων αντικειμένων από τον Πικάσσο. Τα περισσότερα gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εκθέματα είναι τοποθετημένα σε προθήκες και φωτισμένα με τεχνητό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, τρόπο. Οιsocial προθήκες είναι τοποθετημένες κατά μήκος τωνthere τοίχων και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results of land prices (and theof μερικές κεντρικά, στην αρχή has, και το τέλοςalso τηςrising έκθεσης. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of landηprices (and the potential Σε relative αντίθεση στο Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Λευκωσίας, βασική ιδέα potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first in the UKκαι in early and it refers to τηςThe έκθεσης είναι αυτή του διαχωρισμού της 1960s αυτοτέλειας των The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αρχαίων αντικειμένων απόwealthy τα αντικείμενα δημιουργίες του Πικάσσο. the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Βασική έμφαση δίνεται μεγάλης καλλιτεχνικής αντικείμενα London, upgrade them, stayστα themselves sometimes there andαξίας thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. από πηλό, δημιουργίες του Πικάσσο, τοποθετημένα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is includedκύρια in the work of Sociologistεκτός Ruth προθηκών χώρο. Τα inwere προς αναφορά αρχαία A description ofελεύθερα this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theκαι same period, whileστο similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major αντικείμενα βρίσκονται προθήκες τοποθετημένες κατά μήκος του cities in Western countries, byσε other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its και more κεντρικού τμήματος του διαμήκους τοίχου, ώστε η αντιπαραβολή η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σύγκριση από τον επισκέπτη να μην γίνεται μονοσήμαντα αλλά comprehensivethe approach are being summarized from the various interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: πολλαπλά καιofόχι αποσπασματικά. Στην πιο πάνω έκθεση η περιήγηση interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new social groups συμπληρώνεται με ολιγόλεπτο video σε οθόνη στο οποίο of ο δημιουργός to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πικάσσο πλάθει και ζωγραφίζει τα αντικείμενα από πηλό, πριν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the τοποθετηθούν στοdistributed φούρνο για ψήσιμο. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Δίπλα where she made her first studies. Inβρίσκεται 1932 she published an important study entitled: από την οθόνη, όπου και η έξοδος από το χώρο, services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for υπάρχει κάθισμα όπου μπορεί κανείς να και να lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies andδιθέσιο research Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she cameκαθήσει back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. 1950 sheto became teacher του in the αναδιοργανώσει την σκέψη του μέσα απο Inμιά θέαση to another approach, the phenomenon is συνολική due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying χώρου. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Η πιο πάνω δυνατότητα δεν υπάρχει στην αντίστοιχη έκθεση στο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΜουσείο variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, Κυκλαδικής Τέχνης στην Αθήνα, λόγω του σχήματος (actually γάμμα 252163 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
της αίθουσας στην οποία δεν είναι δυνατή η συνολική θέαση του χώρου από την είσοδο στην έκθεση η οποία αποτελεί και την έξοδο. Η έκθεση των αντικειμένων κύρια σε προθήκες και όχι ελεύθερα στο χώρο, δημιουργεί τις προϋποθέσεις μονοσήμαντης Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σχέσης με τα αντικείμενα και όχιByπολλαπλής Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συσχέτισης με αυτά. Δηλαδή στη περίπτωση By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αυτή ο επισκέπτης αυτοπεριορίζεται στην Student of the School of Architecture αναζήτηση των ομοιοτήτων και ακόμη και Technical University of Crete των διαφορών στη μορφή και στον 1. Introductoryδιάκοσμο approach: Defining the concept ζωγραφικό μεταξύ των 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greekκαι philosopher, αντικειμένων της the αρχαιότητας αυτών the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise he left us, he established a great the του ANTISTHENIS, Πικάσσο ταheritage οποία τοποθετούνται σε (444 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αντιπαραβολή. Η έννοιαstarts δε της ταυτοχρονίας acquisition of knowledge with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term η οποία στις απεικονίσεις τουif (in 1 (and urban Based,εμπεριέχεται therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 Πικάσσο πάνω στις επιφάνειες των gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αντικειμένων δεν γίνεται συνολικά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, αντιληπτή μεofτην μετωπική θέαση αυτών. the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also η rising of land prices (and theof Το other ερώτημα που τίθεται είναι εάν whatever otherspeculation). consequences also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μουσειολογική πρόθεση, has,ηresultsοποία potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to τουλάχιστον χωρικά, isφαίνεται για τους The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor λόγους που περιγράφηκαν πιό people πάνω, toνα the then observed trend wealthy buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof είναι διαφορετική δύο περιπτώσεις, London, upgrade them,στις stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αναδεικνύει, αφ μεν στην έκθεση στο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of ενός this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μουσείο τοinwere A description ofperiod, thisΤέχνης phenomenon isΑθήνα, included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at Κυκλαδικής the same while στην similar situations in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μήνυμα του επηρεασμού έμπνευσης cities in Western countries, by και otherτης Researchers. cities inΠικάσσο Western countries, by otherγλυπτά Researchers. Since then, the issue preoccupied several του από has τα της scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from αρχαιότητας αφ ετέρου δε στην έκθεση στο below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, ΑρχαιολογικόofΜουσείο στη Λευκωσία, το the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueεκφρασμένης togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μήνυμα της αρχετυπικά to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αυτονομίας των δύο ενοτήτων ανεξάρτητα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the από1.την μεγάλη απόσταση που τις term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety atcomes theχρονική distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she Γιατι made her first studies. Inο1932 she published an important study entitled: χαρακτηρίζει. όπως ο ίδιος Πικάσσο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πίστευε: «Ο των Κυκλάδων lower living cost ανθρωπάκος of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she θα published studies city planning. sheto became teacher in the έλεγε πως τηregarding μεγάλη θεά ή κάτιIn 1950 toέφτιαχνε another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying παρόμοιο. Εγώ στο Παρίσι ξέρω τι θέλησε να her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: κάνει. ΟχιWil. τοCOLLINS Θεό αλλά τη γλυπτική». G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns The Role of Lifelong Counseling and Vocational Guidance
Ο ρόλος της Διά Βίου Συμβουλευτικής και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού στην Άρση Εμποδίων για Συμμετοχή Ενηλίκων σε Πρόγραμμα Κατάρτισης on the Elimination of Obstacles for Adult Participation By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS at Training Program
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Της κυρίας Δήμ. ΠΑΓΩΝΑ Technical University of Crete
MSc, Νέες μορφές Εκπαίδευσης και Μάθησης, Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptΤης κυρίας Γλυκ. Π. ΡΕΠΠΑ Δροςphilosopher, ΕΚΠΑ, ΣΕΠ (444 Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek BC - 370 BC, Athens), Του κ. Λουκά ΜΟΥΣΤΑΚΑ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the Δρος και Μεταδιδακτ. Ερευν. Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Περίληψη Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης, αποτελεί τμήμα έρευνας, gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in theευρύτερης areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a που cityisarea, the removal from (in various είναι να διερευνήσει τις απόψεις εκπαιδευτών και εκπαιδευομένων για το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, ρόλο τηςofΣυμβουλευτικής και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού στη δια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless βίου μάθηση και στην καταγραφή των εμποδίων για συμμετοχή τους σεof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land (and(σε the προγράμματα κατάρτισης. Με βάση την ποσοτική έρευνα που prices διεξήχθη, potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). δείγμα 204 εκπαιδευτών καταρτιζόμενων ΙΕΚand τηςitΑττικής) The term gentrificationκαι is found at first in theαπό UK 7 inδημόσια early 1960s refers to The term gentrification found atpeople firstβρέθηκε in the UKότι in early 1960s and itareas refers με ειδικά σχεδιασμένο ερωτηματολόγιο, η Γενική «όσο the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property inυπόθεση poor ofto the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas περισσότερο συμμετέχουν οιwealthy ενήλικοιsometimes σε προγράμματα και London, upgrade them, stay of themselves andσυμβουλευτικής thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselvesτόσο sometimes there andπαροτρύνονται thus old residents are επαγγελματικού προσανατολισμού, περισσότερο για being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα κατάρτισης και inεκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων»Ruth δεν A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other επαληθεύτηκε. Όσον αφορά τις similar επί μέρους υποθέσεις παρατηρούμε ότιmajor για GLASS at the same period, situations wereτης recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. την Υ1 «Οι ενήλικοι αναγνωρίζουν την αναγκαιότητα δια βίου μάθησης cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars its more και της δια βίου συμβουλευτικής για several συμμετοχή τουςand σε for κατάλληλα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the προγράμματα», τα στοιχεία έδειξαν ότι η πλειοψηφία πρεσβεύει various πως η comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: κατάλληλων συμβουλευτικήof είναι απαραίτητη για την παρακολούθηση interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the(ποσοστό phenomenon is dueενώ togentrification, aγια trend a new of social groups προγραμμάτων 46,4%), τηνofΥ2 «όσο περισσότερα εμπόδια to “return” to οι the city, leavingτόσο the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συναντούν ενήλικοι, δυσκολεύονται να παρακολουθήσουν and time to travelκατάρτισης from the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the προγράμματα ενηλίκων και where χρειάζονται συμβουλευτική 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, παρέμβαση για την άρση τους» τα στοιχεία έδειξαν ότι επαληθεύτηκε ως Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atως the heart the city”, (possibly) προς πρώτο σκέλος όμως και προς τοof δεύτερο για το ρόλοfor Youthτο Unemployment. Theόχι same yearαπόλυτα she left Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London andχρειάζονται Neweasier York she came back to London, where της συμβουλευτικής παρέμβασης, καθώς άλλου τύπου μέτρα in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and υποστήριξης για την άρση των εμποδίων π.χ. θεσμικά /κοινωνικά. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Γενικά οι απόψειςbyτων συμμετεχόντων είναι η Συμβουλευτική και ο her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: ότι COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web,να in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός είναι μεν βασική συνιστώσα για G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ενθαρρύνουν ενηλίκους για συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα κατάρτισης, ωστόσο
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
όμως χρειάζεται περαιτέρω ενίσχυση από τις κοινωνικές δομές για πληροφόρηση των προγραμμάτων Συμβουλευτικής και άρση των εμποδίων των ενηλίκων για συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα κατάρτισης, με θεσμικά και κοινωνικά μέτρα.
Λέξεις – Κλειδιά: Δια βίου Συμβουλευτική και Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός, Ενήλικος, Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης, Εμπόδια Συμμετοχής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σε Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης.
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Abstract Student of the School of Architecture The purpose of this study as a part of a broaderTechnical research University is to explore the of Crete
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views of trainers and trainees on the role of Counseling and Vocational 1. Introductory approach: Defining the identification concept Guidance in lifelong learning and the of obstacles to their 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept participation in training programs. Based on the quantitative survey (with a ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BCTraining -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he a great the sample of 204wise trainers andancient trainees from 7established public Vocational Institutes heritage he left us,definition he established afound greatthat the acquisition of knowledge starts with the ofitthe of“principle”: concepts. inamong Attica)other with awise specially designed questionnaire, wascontent the general acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term hypothesis “as muchonasthis adults participate in counseling and career guidance 1 (and urban Based, so therefore, on this “principle” into a participate first, if (in notthe final, approach, the and term gentrification) indicated ofeducation Planning) (or gentrification programs, much they are encouragedis in area adult 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various training programs” was not verified. Regarding the seperate cases, we noted Sociology well), asrecognize the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (inlifelong various ways), of social groups, usually ofthe low-income and theremoval placement artists, that for Y1as"Adults necessity of the lifelong learning andof ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of counseling foroftheir participation in appropriate programs", basedregardless on theartists, data, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the the majority believes that counseling is necessary to attend the appropriateof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential programsrelative (46.4%), while for Y2 "as much obstacles as adults encounter, so potential relative speculation). The term is found at first programs in the UK inand early 1960s and itadvisory refers to difficult it isgentrification to attend adult training they need The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor intervention to remove them", based on the data, it was verified in the first part the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof but concerning thethem, second -the role of advisory intervention-, they need London, upgrade staypart themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. other supporting measures to remove obstacles eg institutional/ social. In being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth general, the views of participants are that Counseling Vocational A description ofperiod, thisthe phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work ofand Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Guidance arethe a same key component in similar encouraging adults to participate in training GLASS at period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. programs, but further strengthening of social structures is needed in order to cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more inform interested parties Counseling programs institutional anditssocial Since then, the issuefor has severaland scholars andthe for more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various measures should be taken so are as obstacles could be removed from adults in the comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: participation in training programs. of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon In a sense, theof phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Keywords: Lifelong and Vocational Adult, Training and time to travel from the Counseling purlieus to downtown, whereGuidance, work place is, lack of the Programs, Obstacles to Participation in Training Programs. 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth1. Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Εισαγωγή lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Η she παρούσα επιστημονική μελέτη αποτελεί μιας ευρύτερης in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isτμήμα due a systematic and Universityπου College of London, where she continued socialΣυμβουλευτικής research. brokers Her public action and έρευνας διερευνά το ρόλο τηςgroups, Δια her Βίου και του long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού (Δια Βίου ΣυΕΠ) παρεχόμενη and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part στην of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: υποστήριξη και καθοδήγηση ενηλίκων για συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κατάρτισης. Η δια βίου Συμβουλευτική και ο Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός (ΣυΕΠ) βρίσκεται στο επίκεντρο αφενός, σε ευρωπαϊκό και αφετέρου σε εθνικό επίπεδο. Το διαρκώς μεταβαλλόμενο επαγγελματικό και τεχνολογικό περιβάλλον καθιστούν επιτακτική την υιοθέτηση της δια βίου Συμβουλευτικής και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού (ΣυΕΠ). Στόχοι της ΣυΕΠ είναι, η βελτίωση της αποτελεσματικότητας και αποδοτικότητας της εκπαίδευσης, της κατάρτισης και της αγοράς εργασίας.1 By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η ανάγκη συστηματικής υποστήριξης είναι παρούσα και στην αρχική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και στη μέση ενήλικη ζωή των ατόμων καθώς μπορείC.ναATHANASSOPOULOS υπάρξουν περίοδοι By Mr. George-Sp. Architect ανεργίας, κατάσταση αναπροσανατολισμού επαγγελματικής καριέρας, Student of the School of Architecture επαγγελματική ανέλιξη, επαγγελματική εξουθένωσηTechnical κλπ. ΆραUniversity για να μπορεί of Crete κανείς να αναπτύσσεται επαγγελματικά και κοινωνικά χρειάζεται να 1. Introductory Defining theμάθησης. concept Η αρχική και μέση ενήλικη εμπλέκεται σε μιαapproach: δια βίου διαδικασία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, ζωήANTISTHENIS, όμως συνδέεται με ορισμένα ζητήματα/προβλήματα, (οικογένεια, the ancient Greek philosopher, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCκαι -“principle”: 370εμπόδια BC, Athens), among otherχρόνου wise heritage left us,αποτελούν he established a great the διαχείριση κλπ) ταheοποία συνήθως για among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great “principle”: acquisition of σε knowledge startshe with the of theάρα content concepts. the συμμετοχή προγράμματα κατάρτισης και η of συμβουλευτική acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, term υποστήριξη και ο επαγγελματικός προσανατολισμός μπορούν να the φανούν 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification εξαιρετικά χρήσιμες διαδικασίες για την ενίσχυση των κινήτρων των 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 2 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ενηλίκων προκειμένου να υπερβούν τα εμπόδια. Μια τέτοια προσπάθεια Sociology asτου well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe the placement there ανάδειξης ρόλου της ofΣυμβουλευτικής και του from Επαγγελματικού ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, regardless of Προσανατολισμού είναι και restaurants, η παρούσα etc. εργασία. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 2. Θεωρητικό Πλαίσιο potential relative speculation). The2.1 term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Αποσαφήνιση Εννοιών The term gentrification is found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor 2.1.1 Συμβουλευτικήwealthy και Συμβουλευτική Ενηλίκων the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof Ο «πατέρας» της Carlthere Rogers, διατυπώνει London, upgrade them, stay συμβουλευτικής themselves sometimes and thus old residentsτην are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμβουλευτική σχέση ως εξής: «η επιτυχημένη συμβουλευτική είναι μια being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisκαι phenomenon is included the work ofστον Sociologist Ruth σαφώς οργανωμένη επιτρεπτική σχέση,inin που πελάτη τη A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the δίνει work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major δυνατότητα να αποκτήσει αυτογνωσία, σε βαθμό που να μπορεί να κάνει GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. θετικά βήματα προς την κατεύθυνση την οποία του έχει υποδείξει ο νέος του cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the 3issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more και παράλληλα συμπληρώνει πως «η and συμβουλευτική προσανατολισμός» Since then, the issue has several below, scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the συνίσταται σε μιαapproach σειρά άμεσων επαφών με το άτομο, σκοπός των οποίων comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: είναι να του προσφέρουν βοήθεια ώστε να αλλάξει τις στάσεις και τη interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 2 συμπεριφορά του». to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Η συμβουλευτική διαδικασία υποστήριξη καιwork ενίσχυση των and time to travel from the purlieus toως downtown, where place is, lackατόμων of the έχει 1.εφαρμογή σε τομείς της του1912-1940. ατόμου μεταξύ των for οποίων termat comes from Sociologist Ruthζωής GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born η in sense ofThe safety theπολλούς distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In προσανατολισμός. 1932 she published an Καθώς importantδε study entitled: εκπαίδευση και ο επαγγελματικός η αγορά services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 1 European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (2011). Έκθεση για τοisέργο του Ευρωπαϊκού Δικτύου για in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon due tobecame a systematic and την Πολιτική στη Δια Βίου Συμβουλευτική καιshe τον continued Επαγγελματικό Προσανατολισμό 20092010. Finland: Raimo University College of London, where her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Vuorinen & Anthony G. Watts. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 2 Σιδηροπούλου – Δημακάκου, Δ. κ.αλ. (2013). 2009. Ανάπτυξη Δεξιοτήτων Δια Βίου Ανάπτυξης 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Σταδιοδρομίας. Αθήνα: ΕΟΠΠΕΠ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3 Rogers, C. R (1942). Counseling and Psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
εργασίας δεν εξασφαλίζει πλέον σταθερές διόδους εργασίας, είναι βασικό εργαλείο έτσι ώστε ο εργαζόμενος να σχεδιάζει ανάλογα τη σταδιοδρομία του4. Όταν η συμβουλευτική διαδικασία παρέχεται στους ενήλικούς τότε μιλούμε για Συμβουλευτική Ενηλίκων.
2.1.1.1 Επαγγελματική και Εργασιακή Συμβουλευτική Στις βασικές διακρίσεις της συμβουλευτικής κατατάσσεται και η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS επαγγελματική και εργασιακή συμβουλευτική. Η επαγγελματική Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, συμβουλευτική αφορά στην καθοδήγηση και στήριξη του ατόμου στην By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προσπάθειά του να επιλέξει το επάγγελμα που του ταιριάζει ή να επιλύσει Student of the School of Architecture 5. ψυχολογικά προβλήματα που συνδέονται με το επάγγελμα Technical University of Crete Όταν ολοκληρωθεί η διαδικασία της επιλογής του επαγγέλματος γεγονός Introductory approach: the concept συμβουλευτικής, σε επόμενο που1.επιτυγχάνεται δια μέσου Defining της επαγγελματικής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444βίου στάδιο κατά τη διάρκεια επαγγελματικού ANTISTHENIS, the ancientτου Greek philosopher, BC - υπεισέρχεται 370 BC, Athens),η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -σταδιοδρομίας. 370 BC, Athens), among otherσυμβουλευτική wise heritage he ή leftαλλιώς us, he established a great “principle”: the εργασιακή συμβουλευτική among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition heασχολείται established a great acquisition ofη knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the Ειδικότερα, εργασιακή συμβουλευτική με προβληματισμούς acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term που διαδραματίζονται μέσα στο εργασιακό περιβάλλον. Προσπαθεί 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification δηλαδή να βοηθήσει τους εργαζόμενους σε όλα τα επίπεδα της επαγγελματικής 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τους ανάπτυξης καθώς και τα επίπεδα που περιλαμβάνονται κατά τη διάρκεια Sociology asστην well), as the “refining” of aσχέση city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andτην theremoval placement of της εισόδου αγορά εργασίας σε με επαγγελματική εξέλιξη και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 6 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of πορεία. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 2.1.1.2 Συμβουλευτική και Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός potential relative speculation). The gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersτων to Ο term επαγγελματικός προσανατολισμός, είναι το σύνολο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor δραστηριοτήτων (διαδικασιών) βοήθειας και υποστήριξης που the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayτρόπο themselves and thus old residents areof πραγματοποιείται κατά οργανωμένο και συστηματικό από ειδικές London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. υπηρεσίες και από εξειδικευμένους επιστήμονες, οι οποίες επιτρέπουν στο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work τις of Sociologist Ruth άτομο να συνειδητοποιεί τις γνώσεις, τις ικανότητες, δεξιότητες, τα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ενδιαφέροντά και τις αξίες του, να λαμβάνει αποφάσεις για σπουδές και για GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. επαγγέλματα καιcountries, να σχεδιάζει και να διαχειρίζεται αποτελεσματικά τη cities in Western by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more σταδιοδρομία τουthe issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various H Δια βίου approach Συμβουλευτική & Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός (Δια comprehensive are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: βίου ΣυΕΠ) ή Δια βίου Συμβουλευτική Σταδιοδρομίας είναι η συστηματική interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups βοήθεια και υποστήριξη που παρέχεται από εξειδικευμένους επιστήμονες και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money η οποία επιτρέπει στο άτομο σε οποιαδήποτε στιγμή της ζωή του να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συνειδητοποιεί τις τιςresidencies ικανότητες, τις1912-1940. δεξιότητες, ταsearch ενδιαφέροντά 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the γνώσεις, distributed outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheκαι published an importantαποφάσεις, study entitled: και τις αξίες του, να λαμβάνει εκπαιδευτικές επαγγελματικές services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 4 Savickas, M. another L. (2011). Career Counseling. Washington, : DC: In American Psychological Association. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, the is due a systematic and 5 Κάντας & Χατζή (1991). Θεωρίες Επαγγελματικής Ανάπτυξης. Ψυχολογία Her της Εργασίας. Στοιχεία University College of London, where she continued her social research. public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Συμβουλευτικής. Αθήνα: Ελληνικά by Γράμματα. her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation initially part of the urban web, in 6 Σιδηροπούλου - etc., Δημάκου, Δ. Co (2008). Συμβουλευτική καιofΠροσανατολισμός. Παιδαγωγική 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Επιμόρφωση Εκπαιδευτικών του ΟΑΕΔ. Αθήνα: Κέντρο Έρευνας και Αξιολόγησης στην Επαγγελματική G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Συμβουλευτική, Τομέας Ψυχολογίας Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
να σχεδιάζει και να διαχειρίζεται αποτελεσματικά τη σταδιοδρομία του και να επιτυγχάνει μεγαλύτερη ισορροπία ανάμεσα στην προσωπική και επαγγελματική του ζωή. Η Συμβουλευτική και ο Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός αποτελούν ένα ενιαίο θεσμό, ο οποίος είναι ενεργός καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια της επαγγελματικής ζωής του ατόμου, για το λόγο αυτό αποκαλείται Δια βίου Συμβουλευτική και Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός ή αλλιώς Δια βίου ΣυΕΠ7.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, 2.1.2 Δια βίου Μάθηση By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Σύμφωνα με τον νόμο 3879/2010, (σσ.3401 Διά βίου Student of&the3402): SchoolΗof Architecture μάθηση είναι «όλες οι μορφές μαθησιακών δραστηριοτήτων στη διάρκεια Technical University of Crete
της ζωής του ανθρώπου, που αποσκοπούν στην απόκτηση ή την ανάπτυξη 1. Introductory approach: the concept γνώσεων, δεξιοτήτων καιDefining ικανοτήτων, οι οποίες συμβάλλουν στη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC διαμόρφωση μιας ολοκληρωμένης στην επαγγελματική ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekπροσωπικότητας, philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theατόμου, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, κοινωνική he established a great the ένταξη και εξέλιξη του στην συνοχή, στην ανάπτυξη της among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofενεργού knowledge startshe with the the content concepts. ικανότητας συμμετοχής στα κοινά καιofστην κοινωνική, οικονομική acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the και πολιτιστική ανάπτυξη. Περιλαμβάνει τηνif of τυπική εκπαίδευση, τηterm μη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification τυπική εκπαίδευση και την άτυπη μάθηση». Ταifπαραπάνω γίνονται ακόμη 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ευκρινέστερα με την εννοιολογική και πραγματολογική διασάφηση του όρου Sociology as well), as “refining” of a city χρόνια area, removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofτελευταία low-income andthe the placement there of «διά βίου μάθηση», ο the οποίος τα έχει αρχίσει να αντικαθιστά ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of τονoperation όρο «διάofβίου εκπαίδευση». Ο όρος «διά βίου μάθηση» είναιregardless ευρύτερος the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the του όρου «διά βίου εκπαίδευση», αφενός γιατί ο πρώτος αναφέρεται στοof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αποτέλεσμα ενώ ο δεύτερος στον θεσμό και αφετέρου γιατί η «διά βίου potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μάθηση» αναφέρεται σε όλες εκείνες τις μορφές τόσο της τυπικής όσο και της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor άτυπης μάθησης. Η υιοθέτηση του όρου «δια βίου μάθηση» από διάφορους the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof διεθνείς οργανισμούς Ένωση, UNESCO, κ.ά.) London, upgrade them,(Ευρωπαϊκή stay themselves sometimes thereΟΟΣΑ and thus oldυποδηλώνει residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. την πολιτική και“squeezed”. ιδεολογική επιλογή πως το άτομο έχει την ευθύνη για τη being indirectly A description of this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ruth συνεχιζόμενη εκπαίδευσή του και ότιisis οincluded ρόλος του κράτους ρυθμιστικός, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workείναι of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major συντονιστικός, οργανωτικός, ή,similar ενίοτε περιορίζεται στη διαμόρφωση GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. 8. Στο πλαίσιο της διά βίου μάθησης κινήτρων, οικονομικών ή και κοινωνικών cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more η εκπαίδευση μπορούσε να θεωρηθεί μια στρατηγική πουmore το Since then,ενηλίκων the issueθα has several below, scholars andthe for various its comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from αποτέλεσμά της θα είναι η are κοινωνία της γνώσης και της πληροφορίας. Η comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εκπαίδευση ενηλίκων αναφέρεται κυρίως στον κατάλληλο τρόπο interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εκπαίδευσης για ενήλικα άτομα και συμπεριλαμβάνει «όλες τις σχεδιασμένες to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 9. μαθησιακές δραστηριότητες που απευθύνονται σε ενήλικους» and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,2.2. where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheΣυμβουλευτικής published an important study entitled: Θεωρητικές Προσεγγίσεις της Διαδικασίας services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left GermanyΕνηλίκων and after continuous movements for και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 7 Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π. Στο: http://www.eoppep.gr/index.php/el/work-guidance-and-consulting/ developingher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in careers-adult/what-is-career-counseling (προσπελάστηκε στις 27/7/2018). 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 8 Κόκκος, Α. (2005). Εκπαίδευση ενηλίκωνΑνιχνεύοντας το πεδίο. Αθήνα: Μεταίχμιο. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 9 Κόκκος, Α. (2005). Εκπαίδευση ενηλίκων- Ανιχνεύοντας το πεδίο. Αθήνα: Μεταίχμιο.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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2.2.1 Διαδικασία και Λειτουργίες της Δια Βίου Συμβουλευτικής και του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού Η Συμβουλευτική και ο Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός αποτελούν όπως αναφέραμε και προηγούμενα ένα ενιαίο θεσμό, ο οποίος είναι ενεργός καθ’ όλη τη διάρκεια της επαγγελματικής ζωής του ατόμου, για το λόγο αυτό αποκαλείται Δια βίου Συμβουλευτική και Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός ή αλλιώς Δια βίου ΣυΕΠ. Ωφελούμενοι των ανωτέρω υπηρεσιών είναι μια By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ευρεία κατηγορία ατόμων που μπορεί να ταξινομηθούν από μαθητές και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φοιτητές, μέχρι ανέργους που επιθυμούν να ενταχθούν ή να επανενταχθούν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στην αγορά εργασίας ή ακόμη και εργαζόμενοι που ενδιαφέρονται τη δια Student of the School of για Architecture βίου διαχείριση της σταδιοδρομίας τους ή Technical την αλλαγή καριέρας. University of Crete Επιπρόσθετα, τις ανωτέρω υπηρεσίες δύναται να απολαύουν και γονείς 1. Introductory approach:στην Defining the concept προκειμένου να βοηθηθούν κατανόηση των αναγκών των παιδιών τους 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptτους. καιANTISTHENIS, στην κατάλληλη των αποφάσεών Τέλος, theστήριξη ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370μια BC,ιδιαίτερη Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCειδικότερα -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he τις left us, he established a και great κατηγορία που ευνοείται από ανωτέρω υπηρεσίες στιςthe εξ among other wise heritage us,definition he established aομάδες greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content concepts.όπως αποστάσεως υπηρεσίες είναιhe οιleft ευπαθείς κοινωνικά (Ε.Κ.Ο.) acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term άτομα μεtherefore, ειδικές ανάγκες (Α.Μ.Ε.Α, μετανάστες κλπ). (www.eoppep.gr). 1 (and urban Based,η therefore, this “principle”&is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Ωστόσο, Δια βίου on Συμβουλευτική Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various περιλαμβάνει πολλές διαφορετικές λειτουργίες όπως η πληροφόρηση, η Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aαποφάσεων, city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval of αυτογνωσία-αυτοαντίληψη, ηofλήψη ηplacement μετάβασητοποθέτηση ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art της galleries, restaurants, παρέχεται, etc. However this σε “change”, of κλπ.operation Η διαδικασία συμβουλευτικής τόσο ομαδικόregardless όσο και σε the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ατομικό επίπεδο. whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Στην πρώτη περίπτωση (ομαδική συμβουλευτική) οι αποδέκτες της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itταrefers to ΣυΕΠ συμμετέχουν σε ομαδικές συναντήσεις – σεμινάρια ΣυΕΠ, οποία The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor έχουν στόχο την παροχή πληροφόρησης για τις σπουδές και τα επαγγέλματα, the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves andεκμάθηση thus old residents areof την ενίσχυση της αυτογνωσίας των sometimes ατόμων και την τεχνικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. λήψης απόφασης. Η αξία της ομαδικής συμβουλευτικής έγκειται στο ότι being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of στο Sociologist αξιοποιεί τις δυναμικές τις σχέσεις που αναπτύσσονται πλαίσιοRuth της A description ofperiod, this και phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major ομάδας και ότι παρέχει τη δυνατότητα ταυτόχρονης παρέμβασης σε μεγάλο GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. αριθμό ατόμων ίδιων χαρακτηριστικών και αναγκών. (www.eoppep.gr). Στο cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more σημείο αυτό αξίζει ναissue σημειωθεί πως, παρόμοια σεμινάρια ΣυΕΠ πέρα τον Since then, the has several scholars and forαπό its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various ΕΟΠΠΕΠ, υλοποιούν και άλλοι φορείς όπως το Υπουργείο Παιδείας, Ο.Α.Ε.Δ, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Κ.Ε.Σ.Υ.Π. και Γραφεία Διασύνδεσηςof αντίστοιχα. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Στη δεύτερη περίπτωση (ατομική συμβουλευτική) η συμβουλευτική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money παρέμβαση γίνεται μέσα ατομική and time to travel fromμε theτρόπο purlieus«εξατομικευμένο» to downtown, where workαπό placeτην is, lack of the συμβουλευτική συνέντευξη. Με τηRuth μέθοδο αυτή εξειδικευμένοι Σύμβουλοι 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In –1932 she published an important study entitled: Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού Σύμβουλοι Σταδιοδρομίας συζητούν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year sheείτε left Germany andείτε afterεξ continuous κατ’ ιδίαν μεcost τους ενδιαφερόμενους δια ζώσης αποστάσεως με την lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, αξιοποίηση των δυνατοτήτων που προσφέρουν οι νέες τεχνολογίες. Στόχος in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University Collegeσυμβουλευτικών of London, where she continued her social Her public and των ανωτέρω παρεμβάσεων είναιresearch. να πληροφορηθούν τα long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. μέλη μιας real κοινωνίας είτεfor σεthe ομαδικό είτε σεinitially ατομικό επίπεδο για ευκαιρίες and selling estate, etc., depreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: που υπάρχουν στον εκπαιδευτικό ή εργασιακό χώρο και εν συνεχεία να G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns 2.2.2 Εμπόδια για Συμμετοχή των Ενηλίκων σε Προγράμματα
μπορούν να επεξεργάζονται και να αξιολογούν τις ληφθείσες πληροφορίες έτσι ώστε να οδηγούνται στη λήψη των κατάλληλων αποφάσεων για κάθε περίπτωση χωριστά.
Εκπαίδευσης. Οι περισσότερες υλοποιηθείσες έρευνες αναφορικά με τα εμπόδια της By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μάθησης συγκλίνουν στην τυπολογία της Cross (1981)10. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, σύμφωνα με την Cross (όπως αναφέρεται στο Καραλής 2013), υφίστανται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τρεις βασικές κατηγορίες εμποδίων στη μάθηση. Αυτές είναι οι ακόλουθες: Student of the School of Architecture Η πρώτη κατηγορία περιλαμβάνει τα Technical καταστασιακά εμπόδια University of Crete (Situational), τα οποία σχετίζονται αποκλειστικά με τον συμμετέχοντα και 1. Introductory approach: ιδιαίτερα με συνθήκες πουDefining μπορεί the να concept αντιμετωπίζει περιστασιακά στην 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptχρημάτων καθημερινότητά του, η Greek έλλειψη χρόνου, ή ακόμη και οι ANTISTHENIS, theόπως ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established a great the αυξημένες οικογενειακές καιhe επαγγελματικές υποχρεώσεις. among wiseκατηγορία, heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great(Organizational) acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content of“principle”: concepts. the Η other επόμενη περιλαμβάνει τα θεσμικά acquisition ofεξειδικεύονται knowledge starts thein definition the content of concepts. Based,και therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term εμπόδια σε with λόγους που οφείλονται κυρίως στην έλλειψη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification οργάνωσης των διαδικασιών που σχετίζονται με τα προγράμματα. 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Παραδείγματος χάριν, οι ενήλικες δύναται να απομακρυνθούν από τη μάθηση Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there όταν δεν υπάρχει περιορισμένη προσφορά εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων ή ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofπροϋποθέσεις art galleries, restaurants, However thisωράρια “change”, regardless of ακόμη όταν οι εισαγωγήςetc. καθώς και τα διεξαγωγής με theπεριεχόμενο operation ofconsequences art restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land (andτων theof το τωνgalleries, προγραμμάτων είναι μη συμβατά με τιςprices ανάγκες whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential ενηλίκων.relative speculation). potential relative speculation). TheΗterm gentrification is found at first in theταUK in early 1960s(Dispositional) and it refers to τελευταία κατηγορία περιλαμβάνει προδιαθετικά The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εμπόδια, τα οποία σχετίζονται με τις αντιλήψεις και στάσεις που έχουν the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof καλλιεργηθεί στην εκάστοτε κοινωνίαsometimes για τον there ρόλο and τωνthus εκπαιδευομένων London, upgrade them, stay themselves old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. απέναντι στην εκπαίδευση και μάθηση. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major 2.2.2.1 Εργαλεία Συμβουλευτικής και recorded Επαγγελματικού GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Προσανατολισμού για Άρση των Εμποδίων. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Η Δια βίου Συμβουλευτική & ο Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from χρησιμοποιούν διάφορα εργαλεία για την άρση των εμποδίων τωνthe ενηλίκων comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: για συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα εκπαίδευσης και κατάρτισης. Όπως interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αναφέρθηκε ανωτέρω μια σειρά λειτουργιών της Συμβουλευτικής και του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού λαμβάνουν χώρα για να ενισχυθούν τα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the κίνητρα των διαφόρων κατηγοριών ατόμων για μάθηση. Στο επίπεδο τηςin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies.Οργανισμός In 1932 she published an important study entitled: παροχής πληροφόρησης ο Εθνικός Πιστοποίησης Προσόντων και services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and παρέχει after continuous Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού (Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π.) πληροφορίες γιαfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ευκαιρίες και εκπαίδευσης δια μέσου τηςtobecame Βάσης in According 1943 sheκατάρτισης published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due aΕθνικής systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Δεδομένων Εκπαιδευτικών ευκαιριώνgroups, σε Ελλάδα και Ευρώπη που φέρει την long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 10 Cross, K.P. (1981). Adults as Learners. Increasing Participation and Facilitating Learning. San Francisco: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Jossey – Bass
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ονομασία «Πλοηγός». Ειδικότερα, η συγκεκριμένη βάση δεδομένων συνιστά μια εθνική και Ευρωπαϊκή πύλη δεδομένων που παρέχει τη δυνατότητα σε ευρωπαίους πολίτες να ενημερώνονται και να αναζητούν πληροφορίες για σπουδές σε όλες τις εκπαιδευτικές βαθμίδες και τη δια βίου μάθηση.http://www.eoppep.gr/index.php/el/work-guidance-and consulting/2-uncategorised?start=222 Παρεμφερές εργαλείο πληροφόρησης αλλά και υποστήριξης είναι η By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Διαδικτυακή Διαδραστική Πύλη Συμβουλευτικής και Επαγγελματικού Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Προσανατολισμού για εφήβους. Συνιστά ένα φιλικόC.διαδραστικό εργαλείο By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect πολυμέσων σύμφωνα με το οποίο δίδεται βοήθεια αλλά και ευαισθητοποιεί Student of the School of Architecture τους έφηβους προκειμένου να αναπτύξουν δεξιότητες ζωής University και διαχείρισης Technical of Crete σταδιοδρομίας ώστε να προετοιμαστούν για τη ζωή τους ως ενήλικες. 1. Introductory approach:τους Defining the concept Παράλληλα, πληροφορεί έφηβους για ευκαιρίες επαγγελματικής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), σταδιοδρομίας ανά τον ANTISTHENIS, the κόσμο. ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the πρόγραμμα ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,το he established aολοκληρωθεί great the Ένα Ευρωπαϊκό οποίο έχει(444 είναι το among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content of“principle”: concepts. λεγόμενο «eGuide». Το ανωτέρω πρόγραμμα υλοποιήθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια acquisition of knowledge starts with την theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, if δομημένης not final, approach, the term των ετώνtherefore, 2010-2012, με στόχο παροχή συμβουλευτικής 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a και first,μετανάστες if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification σταδιοδρομίας σε μειονεκτούντα άτομα που αναζητούν 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εργασία. Εντούτοις, ο Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π. είναι διαρκώς σε διαδικασία Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of ανάπτυξης/προσαρμογής σχετικού ψηφιακού υλικού εξ there αποστάσεως ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofκαι art συμμετοχής galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of εκπαίδευσης του σε etc. Ευρωπαϊκά Προγράμματα, όπως το the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the “MATHISIS: Managing Affective - Learning Through Intelligent Atoms andof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Smart Interactions” που υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του ευρωπαϊκού potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundΤο at first in the UK in early 1960sμια andκαινοτομία it refers to προγράμματος HORIZON 2020». παραπάνω έργο, συνιστά The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor στην εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση και συμβουλευτική καθότι στηρίζεται στη the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof παροχή υπηρεσιών μέσα μια διαδικτυακή πλατφόρμα που London, upgrade them, stayαπό themselves sometimes ρομποτική there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παρέχει εξατομικευμένη εκπαίδευση – αξιολόγηση σε θέματα μεταξύ άλλων being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is in theΣχεδίου work ofείναι Sociologist καιAσυμβουλευτικής σταδιοδρομίας. Ηisincluded διάρκεια τριετήςRuth (1A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included του inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major 1-2016 έως 31-12-2018) και η κοινοπραξία περιλαμβάνει δεκαεννέα εταίρους GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. μεταξύ αυτών τον Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π. και Researchers. ως κύριο Συντονιστή Φορέα την Ισπανία cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more (ATOS http://www.eoppep.gr/index.php/el/work-guidance-andSince Spain). then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from consulting/developing-careers-adult/mathisis comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Όλα τα προαναφερθέντα εργαλεία, συν τα εργαλεία που interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups χρησιμοποιούνται στη δια ζώσης ατομική συμβουλευτική από τους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money διάφορους θεσμούς και ιδιώτες συντείνουν στηwork διαμόρφωση σεofόλες and time to travel fromαλλά the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lack the σχεδόν τιςterm ευρωπαϊκές χώρες, ανάπτυξης πολιτικών που αφορούν αφενός 1.of The from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made firstκατάρτιση, studies. In 1932 published an study entitled: την εκπαίδευση και her την καιshe αφετέρου αγορά εργασίας. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartτην ofimportant the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germanyαποτελέσματα and after continuous Αρκετές από τις ανωτέρω πολιτικές επέφεραν σχετικά με τηνfor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ανάπτυξη δεξιοτήτων και την καλλιέργεια νοοτροπίας για in μια in According 1943 sheκατάλληλων published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification 2.3. Συναφείς Έρευνες που Προηγήθηκαν Concerns Ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η έρευνα που πραγματοποιήθηκε το
πετυχημένη σταδιοδρομία η οποία εκ των πραγμάτων σε μεγάλο βαθμό εξαρτάται από τη Συμβουλευτική και τον επαγγελματικό προσανατολισμό.11
2013 με ερευνητή τον Θ. Καραλή και τίτλο: κίνητρα και εμπόδια για συμμετοχή των ενηλίκων στη δια βίου εκπαίδευση για λογαριασμό του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Ινστιτούτου Μικρών Επιχειρήσεων της Γενικής Συνομοσπονδία Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Επαγγελματιών Βιοτεχνών Εμπόρων Ελλάδας έδωσε αποτελέσματα που By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δείχνουν ότι σε συνθήκες μιας διαρκώς και εντεινόμενης κρίσης, 11 στους 12 Student of the School of Architecture ανέργους δεν έχουν τη δυνατότητα να αναβαθμίσουν τα προσόντα τους, Technical University of Crete ώστε να ενταχθούν στην απασχόληση, 6 στους 7 αυτοαπασχολούμενους αλλά approach: concept να αποκτήσουν εκείνα τα και1.4Introductory στους 5 μισθωτούς δενDefining έχουν τηthe δυνατότητα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 προσόντα που θα τους ναphilosopher, διατηρήσουν τηνBC εργασία τους και να ANTISTHENIS, the επιτρέψουν ancient Greek - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,προσεγγίσεων he established(444 a great the συνεισφέρουν στην ανάδειξη νέων που θα-“principle”: μπορούσαν να among other wiseυπέρβαση heritage leftσυνεπειών us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of στην knowledge startshe with the of κρίσης the content concepts. συμβάλλουν των της στο of χώρο εργασίας acquisition of9knowledge starts with theσυμμετέχουν the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on10 this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not approach, the term τους. Ακόμη, στους πολίτες δεν σεfinal, προγράμματα γενικής 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onδεν this “principle” inτη a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification εκπαίδευσης ενηλίκων, έχουν δηλαδή δυνατότητα να εκπαιδευτούν και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various να ενημερωθούν για τα προβλήματα που άπτονται όχι της επαγγελματικής, Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement αλλά τηςsocial προσωπικής και οικογενειακής σφαίρας ενδιαφερόντων τους. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants,της etc. However “change”, regardless of Δηλαδή με of βάση την τυπολογία Cross ταthisπερισσότερα εμπόδια the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the κατατάσσονται στα θεσμικά/δομικά και καταστασιακά ενώ χαμηλάof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ιεραρχούνται τα προδιαθετικού τύπου εμπόδια. potential relative speculation). TheΗterm gentrification is foundέρευνα at firstτο in the UKκαι in early 1960s and itποσοστό refers to ΕΣΥΕ πραγματοποίησε 2007 το μεγαλύτερο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor (78,4%) δήλωσε ότι συμμετείχε για επαγγελματικούς λόγους, 16,7% για the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof προσωπικούς λόγους ποσοστό 5,0% London, upgrade them, stayκαι themselves sometimes thereανέφερε and thus oldσυνδυασμό residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επαγγελματικών και προσωπικών λόγων. Αναφορικά με τα εμπόδια being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofόσους this phenomenon included in the work Sociologist Ruth συμμετοχής, για δήλωσαν isότι επιθυμούσαν να ofof συμμετέχουν σε A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major προγράμματα, βασικότερα θεωρούνται οι οικογενειακές υποχρεώσεις GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. (27,3%), η δυσκολία συνδυασμού της εκπαίδευσης με το ωράριο εργασίας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more (26,5%) κόστος της εκπαίδευσης (14,9%). Στην του Since και then,τοthe issue has several scholars andέρευνα for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Υπουργείου Παιδείας (Publicare Issue, 2010), οι συμμετέχοντες αναφέρουν ότι comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παρακολούθησαν κάποιο πρόγραμμα κυρίως για επαγγελματικούς λόγους σε interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ποσοστό 44%, για προσωπικούς λόγους σε ποσοστό 31%,, ποσοστό 25% to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αναφέρει και προσωπικών λόγων, ποσοστό and time toσυνδυασμό travel fromεπαγγελματικών the purlieus to downtown, where work placeενώ is, lack of the 1% 1. δεν επιλέγει κάποιον απόresidencies τους παραπάνω λόγους. Σε ανοικτού τύπου termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anσυμμετέχοντες: important study entitled: ερώτηση, ως βασικότεροι λόγοι αναφέρονται από τους «για services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. Theτους sameκαλύτερα» year she left Germany and after continuous movements for να κάνουν τη δουλειά (35%), «για να αυξήσουν τις γενικές lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, τους (35%), «για προσωπική (27%), για in According 1943γνώσεις» she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. ευχαρίστηση» In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and «προαγωγή/εξέλιξη» Πολύ groups, χαμηλά είναι τα brokers ποσοστά που long-term informal effort(19%). by organized manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 11 CEDEFOP (2014). Επαγγελματικός Προσανατολισμός σε Αβέβαιους Καιρούς: Οικονομικά, Κοινωνικά G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και Ατομικά Οφέλη. Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο για την Ανάπτυξη της Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αναφέρονται στην απόκτηση πιστοποιητικού παρακολούθησης (3%) ή στις κοινωνικές σχέσεις (1%). Στους λόγους μη συμμετοχής αναφέρονται κυρίως στην έλλειψη χρόνου (25%), στην απουσία κινήτρων (18%), στην έλλειψη πληροφόρησης (17%), στην ηλικία (11%) και σε οικογενειακούς λόγους (9%). Ως βασικά εμπόδια για τη συμμετοχή αναφέρονται η απόσταση του τόπου υλοποίησης (79%), οι επαγγελματικές και οικογενειακές υποχρεώσεις (66% και 63%, αντίστοιχα), το γεγονός ότι τα προγράμματα δεν καλύπτουν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τις ανάγκες τους (60%) και το ότι δεν έχουν υποστήριξη από τον εργοδότη ή Harvard University,12Graduate School of Design, Student, την οικογένεια (58% και 50%, αντίστοιχα) By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Σε έρευνα της Εθνικής Στατιστικής Υπηρεσίας (ΕΣΥΕ), που Student of the School of Architecture διενεργήθηκε το 2007 σε δείγμα 6.510 ατόμων ηλικίας 25-64 ετών, ποσοστό Technical University of Crete 14,5% των συμμετεχόντων δήλωσε ότι συμμετείχε σε εκπαιδευτική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δραστηριότητα, μάλιστα ποσοστό 12,2% δήλωσε ότι αυτή η δραστηριότητα 1. Introductory approach: Defining theεκπαιδευτικού concept (444 BCσυστήματος. υλοποιήθηκε εκτός του τυπικού Στη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,ως Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the συγκεκριμένη έρευνα παρατηρούνται σημαντικές διαφοροποιήσεις προς among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a ποσοστό greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of theτο content concepts. το εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο τωνhe συμμετεχόντων, καθώς συμμετοχής acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of αντίστοιχου concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term των αποφοίτων τριτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης είναι διπλάσιο του 1 (and urban therefore, this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification των Based, αποφοίτων της on δευτεροβάθμιας και οκταπλάσιο του ποσοστού 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various αποφοίτων της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης (31,8%,15,2% και 4,0%, Sociology as13well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement . groups, αντίστοιχα) ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. HoweverΔιά this “change”, regardless of Σε έρευνα του Υπουργείου Παιδείας, Βίου Μάθησης και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Θρησκευμάτων με τίτλο: «Έρευνα κοινής γνώμης επί ζητημάτων διά βίουof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative μάθησης». Η έρευνα διενεργήθηκε από την εταιρεία Public Issue κατά την potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first the UK3.050 in early 1960s and to περίοδο 23/12/201018/1/2011, σε in δείγμα ατόμων τουit refers γενικού The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πληθυσμού (18 ετών και άνω). Όπως προκύπτει από τα στοιχεία της έρευνας, the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof ποσοστό 26% δήλωσε σε πρόγραμμα εκτός London, upgrade them,πως stayσυμμετείχε themselves sometimes thereδιά andβίου thusμάθησης old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. του τυπικού εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος κατά το έτος 2010, ενώ ποσοστό being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included the παρελθόν work of Sociologist Ruth 57% πως συμμετείχε κάποια φορά in στο σε παρόμοιο Aδήλωσε description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major 14 πρόγραμμα. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Από τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση προκύπτει ότι αν και υπάρχουν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πληροφοριακές εκθέσεις αναφορικά με τα ποσοστά Since then, έρευνες the issueκαι has several scholars andσυμμετοχής, for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the τα κίνητρα και approach τα εμπόδια, απουσιάζουν συστηματικές και the εις various βάθος comprehensive are being summarized below, from interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: διερευνήσεις σχετικά με τους λόγους για τους οποίους οι ενήλικοι interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups αποφασίζουν να συμμετέχουν ή να απέχουν από to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high εκπαιδευτικές costs in money δραστηριότητες. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Συνεχίζεται… termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 12 she Καραλής, (2013) Κίνητρα και Εμπόδια για Συμμετοχή των Ενηλίκων στη Βίου Εκπαίδευση in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toΘ.another approach, the phenomenon is due aΔια systematic and Αθήνα: ΙΝΕ ΓΣΕΕ και ΙΜΕofΓΣΕΒΕΕ. University College London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 13 Καραλής, Θ. (2013) Κίνητρα και Εμπόδια για Συμμετοχή τωνCOLLINS Ενηλίκων ENGLISH στη Δια Βίου Εκπαίδευση her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in Αθήνα: ΙΝΕ ΓΣΕΕ καιCOLLINS ΙΜΕ ΓΣΕΒΕΕ. 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 14 Καραλής, Θ. (2013) Κίνητρα και Εμπόδια για Συμμετοχή των Ενηλίκων στη Δια Βίου Εκπαίδευση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Αθήνα: ΙΝΕ ΓΣΕΕ και ΙΜΕ ΓΣΕΒΕΕ.
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EVERYONEGENTRIFICATION HAS THE RIGHT A NATIONALITY Definition, Types ofTO Intervention, “Statelessness in Greece” Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification By Marina CHRISTAKI Concerns Student at Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Political Science (DUTH)
Byat Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Co-chair European Democrat Students (EDS) Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Statelessness is a term fully combined with the refugees. It affects a Student of the School of Architecture lot of people who belong to this category and arrive every year in Europe. Technical University of Crete
According to Eurostat1, of the four million people who applied for asylum 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept in the EU IN 2015-2018, more than 115,000 were recorded as ‘stateless’, of 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), ‘unknown nationality’, ore their nationality was(444 recorder asBC, ‘Palestine’. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other he left us,confusing he established a great the Others, comewise fromheritage countries with and (444 problematic nationality among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. laws, such as Syria, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Eritrea or Sudan, where gender acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term discrimination or state succession implies that they or their children are at 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 2 this risk of statelessness. 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various The 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons in Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of Article 1(1) defines a “stateless person” as “a person who is not considered ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of as a national by any State under the operation of its law.” The present the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof report focuses persons coming Statelessness whatever otheron consequences has, under resultsthis alsodefinition. rising of land prices (andcan the potential relative speculation). be caused by gaps in nationality laws or conflicts of nationality laws. The potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification foundgoverning atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers twothen principal legaltrend frameworks states’ nationality rules are jus the observed ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend wealthyand people to there buy property in poor areas sanguinis (citizenship by of descent) jus soli (citizenship by birth in the London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are territory). being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description thisresponsibility phenomenon isfor included in the work ofof Sociologist Ruth In Greece,ofthe the determination the status of A description ofperiod, this is situations included the workAsylum of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileplaced similar recorded in other major stateless persons willphenomenon be with theinwere Greek Service. GLASS at the period, while situations recorded other major cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. Established in same 2011, the by Asylum Service and it’swere personnel is in trained and cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more supported by UNCHR and EASO. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from The first nationality provisions were adoptedbelow, in Greece inthe 1835. In comprehensive approach are being summarized from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1927 it’s the firstthe time that the Greek law gives an opportunity to people interpretations phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups who are not holders of a “foreigner citizenship” to have access to the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money possibility of acquisition of the Greek citizenship. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the It is term of aatcomes great importance toRuth pinpoint that in the aftermath 1922’s The from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASSof was born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Berlin, where disaster she made her first studies. In 1932 shethat published an important study entitled: Asia minor and in the exchanges had to be done between services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 1 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/asylum-and-managed-migration/data/database? University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and fbclid=IwAR2lM6KHPb_OHgUuJIse9awoOKyjZ1z0pjGhbpXwVh5s5fbNIDRFB3KpGHc long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://statelessjourneys.org/resources/statelessness-and-refugees-inand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: greece/?fbclid=IwAR227-G3KOwfubLY6Vom07A6xXqZa7XL4Ot1fsCTel9DLdO4mCiilh4fWxw G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252175 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
76
Greek and Turkish populations (In the context of Lausanne treaty) Armenians and Circasians was provided by the Greek Citizenship. These people came in Greece, between 1920 and 1923, and many of them were also born into the country. At this particular time it was adopted at the Greek legislation, for the first time the allowance of deprivation of the Greek citizenship for persons not of Greek origin who leave the country without the intention of turning back. This arrangement was firstly applied By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS to Greeks of Armenian origin left Greece in 1940’s theyStudent, asked Harvardwho University, Graduate School when of Design, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS permission to leave for Armenia. As a consequence when they came back Architect Student the School they were deprived of their Greek citizenship. Atofthat point, of weArchitecture have to of Crete highlight that Greece wasn’t a contracting party to Technical the 1954University Convention on the1. Introductory Status of Stateless Persons, Greek authorities decided to grant approach: Defining the concept residence permits to these individuals had family ties with 1. Introductory thebecause concept they ANTISTHENIS,approach: the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Greece. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the The 1927 provision for the deprivation of Greek citizenship among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts.from persons Greek was the 1955 Greek Code of acquisition ofofknowledge starts withtransposed theindefinition the content of concepts. Based,not therefore, on origin this “principle” a first, into if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifapplied notthe final, the term Citizenship (Article 19) and it has been mainly toapproach, the members of gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification the Muslim minority Thrace. of But, thisarea, provision was from abolished 1998 Sociology as well), as theof“refining” a city the removal this, (ininvarious Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofobliged a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement and the Greek authorities were to the regularize thethere residence of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, etc. However thisSince “change”, of members of ofthis minorityrestaurants, who became stateless. then,regardless Greece is the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof obligated to ofgrant identity papers (provided in article 27 of the whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Convention) andconsequences travel documents (provided in article 28 of the potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at firststateless. in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Convention) the persons iswho became The term gentrificationofiswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed to buy property in poor In the 1990’strend Greece received the first of immigrants. Most of the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people towave buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof them were persons from USSR Republics. Others came to Greece London, upgrade them, stayformer themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. because many of their relatives were leaving there. Unfortunately, this being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth amount ofthe people became stateless because they leaving A description ofquickly this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work were of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at same period, while similar in not other major in their countries of origin when the latter adopted new citizenship GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bydown other Researchers. legislation. After the break of the USSR many people a lot of Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andfaced for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more problems concerning their residence’s renewal. According Law comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from theto various comprehensive approach being summarized from various 2910/2001 possession of are a valid national passport was anthe absolute interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations thesubmission phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of aapplication. new of social groups requirement forof the ofof the relevant This legislation to “return” the city,ofleaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsfrom in money raised an to amount problems so some individuals requested the and time to the purlieus to downtown, work place is, lack of the Ministry oftravel Publicfrom Order, whose authority waswhere responsible for the issuance 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theTravel distributed residencies townofcentres, 1954 Convention Documents, theoutside issuance travel documents for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofpersons. health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”,movements (possibly) stateless Their applications treated in aof positive way whenfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she leftwere Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where they were able toin prove that they were not citizens in the countries that in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and they wereCollege born ofin.London, In thiswhere situation the statelessness certificate issued by University she continued her social research. Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her authorities work are characterized a passion for also: the of theirby countries of justice. originSee was theCOLLINS key toENGLISH the finalDICTIONARY. decision and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: of the Ministry of Public Order. In this context, it must be highlighted that G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
no specific procedure was applicable for the determination of their statelessness status. We have to underline that the authority of Ministry of the Public Order (Now Ministry of Interior) to issue the 1954 Convention Travel Documents was not based on a legislative text that was being adjust by the Parliament and it was published by the Official Gazette. It was based on an unpublished internal circular by the police authorities. Therefore, not all By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS the persons concerned could have access to this procedure. Harvard University, Graduate School of3Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
Student of the School of Architecture “What is like to be a refugee in Greece?” Technical of Crete Greece has faced a significant increase in arrivals of University people seeking international protection in Defining 2015, which has continued through 2017 and 1. Introductory approach: the concept growing rapidly until 2020. New figures released(444 by the Greek arm of the 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), United Nations Agency (UNCHR) have confirmed that to ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,close Athens), among other wiseRefugee heritage he left us, he established a great the 75.000(74,348) refugees and migrants arrived on Greek shores in the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the calendar of the andwith were absorbed into the various reception acquisition of knowledge starts thein definition the content of concepts. Based, year therefore, on2019 this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term facilities ontherefore, the mainland and on the North EastifAegean islands. Especially (and urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification on the Aegean islands such as, ofChios, Lesvos Samos Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the and removal fromapproximately this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), ofpeople social groups, usually low-income and theremoval placement of 46,000 arrived at theof islands of the northern Aegean in 2019.That ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 4 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, thisarrivals “change”,. regardless of The Greek means the region is handling 62%etc. ofHowever the total the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising land prices (and the government says that Greece has, expects 100.000 moreof migrants to arrive onof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative its islands from Turkey in 2020. potential relative speculation). TheThe termtop gentrification is found at first in the of UKasylum in early applicants 1960s and itin refers to recorded countries of origin 2017 The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor were Syria(42%), Pakistan, Iraq, Afghanistan, Albania, Bangladesh, Iran,of the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are 5 Palestine, Georgiathem, and Egypt. London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. So we assume that you are a refugee or beneficiary of subsidiary being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth protection and you arrive to Greece. of all,inwere the obliged A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isFirst included theauthorities work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in are other major to recognize if you fill all the characteristics to belong to one of these GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. categories. If you do, youhas have some rights and some obligations. will Since then, the issue several scholars and for You its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more be provided, immediately, withbeing a Residence Permit that from is valid three comprehensive approach are summarized below, thefor various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the years, which of may be renewed. have the the right to apply for various travel interpretations the phenomenon ofYou gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups documents. to “return” the city, leaving for several reasons: high in money If youtogranted refugeethe or purlieus subsidiary protection status incosts Greece: and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,3 where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/greece-moves-one-step-closer-introducing-effectiveUnemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where statelessness-determination-procedure?fbclid=IwAR2QtPnvGcIJzHhB3TQeg1uQqJastudies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and BmVyBZ2tyqOpxL80sGBDNlSFDMviFk0 4 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/21942/ongoing-refugee-crisis-in-greece-set-tolong-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. continue-in-2020?fbclid=IwAR2PMgIVYPTpF9Uvz2Kid5bafpOu6ISJhjUZbZQCMhdA9C5jgHnAT9YECl8 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 5 https://www.dw.com/en/greece-expects-100000-more-migrants-in-2020/a-51716555 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252177 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
You preserve all the rights and obligations you had as an asylum seeker. You will receive a residence permit that is valid for three years. You can request for a travel document that permits you to visit other countries as a tourist. You have the right to stay in another European Country up to 90 days, not more. You can apply for a long-term residency permit after you have By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard Graduate Schooland of Design, Student, stayed for five years, legally andUniversity, permanently, in Greece if you fulfill all By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect conditions. Student of the School of Architecture You will have access to a full range of educational services including Technical University of Crete schools, universities, and vocational training programs. 1. Introductory the aconcept You have approach: the right Defining to practice liberal profession, to work as a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept freelance professional or create your own business. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), You have to he welfare under(444 the same conditions as among other wiseaccess heritage left us,benefits he established a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Greek nationals. acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of Based, this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term If therefore, you are on recognized as the a in refugee (beneficiaries of concepts. subsidiary 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification protection do1 not have this right), you can be reunited with your the family gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various members who are in your country of origin or in another country. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, You cangroups, ask for Greek citizenship and after you have lived ofinartists, the ways), of social usually of low-income thethis placement the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of country continuously and legally for at least three years in the country the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof (seven years if you were recognized as a beneficiary of subsidiary whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). protection) and if only you fulfill relevant conditions of social integration potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to thatthen are term stipulates in law.of6iswealthy The gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buyBut, property in poor areas Weupgrade can’t confuse with migrants. several cases are London, them, stayrefugees themselves sometimes andinthus old residents areof London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes there old residents are combined because theystay have a lot of similarities. Mostand of thus the time when we being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. descriptiontoofmigrants this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth areAreferring we mean economic migrants, who come to A description this phenomenon included work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded inother other hand, major Greece to have anofperiod, opportunity to a is better wayinwere ofthe life. Onofthe GLASS at speak the same period, situations were recorded other major cities inwe Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. when about refugees we refer to someone who inabandoned cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since country then, thebecause issue has preoccupied several scholars and for more his/her there were serious concerns related to its fear for Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from his/her life, or freedom linked with race, family, religion, ethnicity or for comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of(1951 the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: political beliefs Convention). interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money “Female migrants and immigrants” and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Migrant women Greece, inGLASS, particular, of search note, and arein The termat comes from to Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside townare centres, Berlin, where vulnerable she made her to firstexploitation, studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: particularly especially the undocumented ones. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for There is a cost greatof,degree of job from segregation by York sex she for migrants in Greece, lower living “withdrawal” private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 6 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://help.unhcr.org/greece/rights-and-duties/rights-and-duties-of-refugees/ and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ?fbclid=IwAR2Yu99vsBSGWsyV54UaDmYtaLJAuK49ryGSfo5mEsMckhPdlROfI_-lJl0 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
with mostly migrant women filling the domestic roles left by Greek women. Women from the Philippines, Albania, and Eastern Europe dominate migrant domestic work in Greece, and absolutely they make up the majority of immigrants from those countries. In order to be more precisely 76% of Bulgarian immigrants, 70% of Albanians, 76% of Romanian, 85% of Poles, and 80% of Filipino immigrants to Greece are female. As a fact, Greece has the highest female migration rate in Europe. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS The Greek legal system is lacking of legislations forSchool protection to domestic Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. their ATHANASSOPOULOS workers and in some cases it canByactually increase insecurity and Architect Student of the of Architecture vulnerability. Therefore, instances of sex trafficking areSchool increasingly on a Crete high level, with the number of immigrant womenTechnical that areUniversity traffickedofinto Greece every yearapproach: for the purpose of the sexconcept work to be up and over 20.000. 1. Introductory Defining Fewer women migrants tend to work in (444 tourism and office work 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), (usually Africans and Asians), or he being employed in -“principle”: household for ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established a great the domestic work ( mostly former Soviet Bloc countries), as maids among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. in 7 families (Filipino), confined to domestic or cleaning roles (Albanians). acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification “Doasnot discriminate stateless Sociology well), as the “refining” of a citychildren” area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as are the “refining” of aand city area, from this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there artists, Children who immigrants refugees are most likely the first ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the of arttogalleries, restaurants, etc. this “change”, regardless of whooperation are going be discriminated. “I However AM HERE, I BELONG” it’sartists, the the operation ofconsequences art etc.also However this regardless whatever other has,UN results rising of “change”, land prices (and theof motivation logo of galleries, UNCHR restaurants, (The Refugee Agency) for their campaign whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative “#IBELONG” against discrimination of stateless children. The urgent need potential relative speculation). gentrification is found first in the UKstateless in early 1960s and itare refers to to The end term childhood is obvious. Atatleast 70.000 children born The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor each year.observed The effects of being bornpeople stateless eachproperty year areinsevere. Moreof the then trend wealthy to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are than 30 countries ask stay for themselves nationalitysometimes documentation inthus order provide London, upgrade them, there and oldto residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. medical health care to children. In at least 20 countries, stateless children being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth cannot be legally vaccinated. A description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major At this point, we have to define the word “discrimination”. The unjust GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, other Researchers. or prejudicial ofbydifferent categories ofscholars people, especially the Since then, treatment the issue has preoccupied several and for itson more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more grounds of race,approach age, or sex, ethnicity. Basicallybelow, is thefrom major of comprehensive are being summarized thecause various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various statelessness globally. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations thenationality phenomenon of thecategory following: In aSafeguards sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend ofstatelessness a new social groups in laws against atof birth prevent to “return” to the city,being leavingpassed the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money statelessness from downforfrom one generation to the next. and time tohelp traveltofrom thestatelessness purlieus to downtown, where work is, lack ofbut the They also avert where parents haveplace a nationality 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, are unable to confer it on their child, or where a child has been abandoned Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,are education, entertainment “atchildren the heartwhose of the parents city”,movements (possibly) and the parents unknown. cannotfor Youth Unemployment. The same yearAbandoned she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva,are Prague, London and New came back to London, be identified (foundlings) another group at York riskshe of statelessness. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 7 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece?fbclid=IwAR0GoQRnK7gNwORJL_ and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: pOT43ichkEnMDrwt9L9nw0cKYSaT1y_bTGyYVMu1I G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252179 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Lack of birth registration can make it difficult for individuals to that they have the relevant links to a State that entitle them to nationality, and therefore creates a risk of statelessness. This is happening because birth registration point out where a person was born and who his or her parents are. The most common groups that is being affected from this situation are refugees and migrants, as well as nomadic and border populations. Stateless children are facing By a lot problemsC. inATHANASOPOULOS primary education. Mr.of George-Sp. They do not have alwaysHarvard the right to attend primary or ifofthey do they are University, Graduate School Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. discriminated. Schools denied non-nationals entryC.toATHANASSOPOULOS the classroom or Architect Studentadmission of the School of Architecture demanded fees applicable to foreigners, refused to final exams, Crete or had their diplomas and graduation certificatesTechnical withheldUniversity ,haltingoftheir progress to higher education and better jobs are only some examples of 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept thisANTISTHENIS, discriminating situation. Also, they are facing various obstacles to 1. Introductory approach: the concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), higher education. Though the majority of the young consulted ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCpeople -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the expressed a strong desire to graduate from secondary school and attend among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. university, very fewon had been able ofcontent these ambitions. acquisition of knowledge starts with to theachieve the of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a first,either if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, on “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term And therefore, we have to this underline thatis discrimination have numerous urban gentrification) area of aPlanning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification negative impact on self-esteem behavior of removal these children. school Sociology as well), as the “refining”and of a city area, the from this,The (in various Sociology as as as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various ways), ofas social usually of low-income and theas placement there of system it well), is,groups, and we discussed above, has a result to delay these ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, “change”, regardless of young peopleoffrom movingrestaurants, on to the etc. nextHowever term ofthis school, or even starting the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other them consequences has, results rising of This land will prices (and theof school, putting several years behindalso their peers. often have otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative awhatever huge impact on them even after they have been able to confirm their potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to nationality. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of buy property in poor “It should be trend the right of everypeople childtoto study and learn. Thisareas is theof the then observed wealthy to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are most important thing.” – BOON, 16, THAILAND London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. They are “squeezed”. also having troubles concerning their health care. More being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth thanA30 countries documentation to treat a child health facility. description ofrequire this phenomenon is situations included inwere the workatofa Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major In at least 20 countries, stateless children cannot be legally vaccinated. For GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. example, Travel restrictions, the prohibitively high medicaland costs on Since then, the issue has several scholars forlevied its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more non-nationals and discrimination to impede accessthe tovarious health comprehensive approach are beingconspired summarized below, from comprehensive approach arestateless being summarized the various care services by many of the children the andbelow, youthfrom surveyed. This interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: Inonly a sense, theof phenomenon is due toparticipate a trend of a in new category of child-health social groups not affected their ability toof preventive to “return” to city,prompted leaving the purlieus for to several reasons: high costs in money programs it the also decisions defer or forgo professional and time to travel the purlieus to downtown, where place is, lacktoll of the treatment even from for serious illness or injury. Thework psychological of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, childhoods spent stateless also had serious consequences for the selfBerlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment heart of the city”, (possibly) esteem and future prospects ofshe some of“at thethe young even if theyfor Youth Unemployment. The same year left Germany and after people, continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies andto research in Geneva, Prague,during London childhood. and New York she came back to London, were able acquire nationality in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Why do I have to suffer this way? – PRATAP, 15, Malaysia8 When it comes to the Greek legislation about child’s right to a nationality we can pinpoint two crucial things: 1. The lack of awareness of the implications of statelessness and gender discrimination in nationality laws leads to inconsistent implementation of the safeguard in Greek law to grant nationality to otherwise stateless children born in Bythis Mr. country. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 2. Children’s nationality routinelyGraduate registered as the same as their HarvardisUniversity, School of Design, Student, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS parents on their asylum ID withoutByexamining whether a parent canArchitect confer Student of the School of Architecture a nationality to the child.9 Technical University of Crete
“Illegal immigration in Greece” 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Greece had, and still has, a variety problems with illegal 1. Introductory approach: Defining the conceptof(444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), immigration, many of whom transit through Turkey. Greek authorities ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the state that 90% of illegal immigrants enter to EU through Greece, many among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. fleeing because of unrest, poverty and inifthe Middle East andthe Africa. acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition awar first, not final, approach, term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aGreece first, if (in not final, approach, the the term European Courts support the idea that does not have even gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification minimum sources for“refining” treatment asylum seekers. Sociology asofwell), as the of aofcity area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of “Why illegal immigrants wantsetc. toHowever come tothis Greece?” the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other important consequences has,of results rising land prices theof A really aspect this also subject to ofdiscuss is the(and Greek whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative economy. Because of the scale of the informal economy in Greece, there is a potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first labor in the in UKGreece, in earlyand 1960s refers to very low demand for trained migrant a and highitdemand The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor for labortrend exclusively in the informal sector. If you for theof theuntrained then observed wealthy people to there buy property in seek poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are unauthorized immigrants Greece you will find out that more rather London, upgrade them, stay in themselves sometimes there and thusisold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. than the authorized ones. In 1992 the Ministry of Public Security indicated being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth thatAofdescription thethe500.000 foreigners moreis situations less thatinwere estimated toSociologist beother in Greece ofperiod, this phenomenon included the recorded work of Ruth GLASS at same while similar in major only 280,000 were illegal. In 2011 there are over an estimated 500.000 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, byeither other Researchers. migrants in Greece, who were entered illegally and or were Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for itslegally more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various itswere more leaving in Greece but theyare stayed into the country after from their the visas comprehensive approach being summarized below, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various expired. Another category has toofdo with “falsethe tourists” who had shortinterpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: interpretations of thealso, phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In avisas sense,but thethey, phenomenon is dueof tointo a trend a new of social term remained theof country after their visasgroups came to to the city, leaving for admit, several reasons: costs to“return” their expiration date. the Wepurlieus have to thoughthigh that thein money Greek and time to growth travel from to downtown, where workcame place is, lack these of the economic in the thepurlieus late 1990’s and early 2000s from 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, underpaid illegal immigrant workers. Greek employers is as much Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 8 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/the-urgent-need-to-end-childhood-statelessness/ University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and ?fbclid=IwAR0WZH80ftHzr9sBObcmUc9y01AFdC3nKWvBjWwLSbwB35qBTFCxmq7QU7Y long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 9 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. https://statelessjourneys.org/resources/statelessness-and-refugees-inand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: greece/?fbclid=IwAR227-G3KOwfubLY6Vom07A6xXqZa7XL4Ot1fsCTel9DLdO4mCiilh4fWxw G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252181 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
responsible for this situation and it’s really “attractive” to them because they do not have to obey to strict working regulations and social security for undocumented workers. Therefore, migrants find an easy way to work in this sector compared to the legal market due to stringent immigration policies that make the visa application process difficult, costly, and in constant need of renewal.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
“illegal” consequences Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS A really frequent phenomenon for George-Sp. illegal immigrants to enterArchitect Greece of the School of Architecture arrested migrants smuggles is is to pay a smuggler.10 The vast majority ofStudent Technical University of Crete up to 58.4% of those who were only arrested in the first eight months of 2000 and they were all Greek citizens. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Illegal immigrants in Greece face anconcept amount(444 of exploitative situations 1. Introductory approach: Defining the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), withANTISTHENIS, little of According to the Article Law the resource. ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 37084 BC,of Athens), among othermeans wise heritage he left us, he established a great the 2289/2005 Greek policy continues to prohibit Greek public services, legal among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the entities, governmental from offering services to acquisition of local knowledge starts with organizations theindefinition the content of concepts. Based,and therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, thethat term foreigners who areurban undocumented or they cannot inthe anyarea way prove (and gentrification) is ofto Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification they haveas entered and are residing Greece legally. This Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityin area, the removal from this,legislation (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aan cityemergency area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of excludes the urgent situations. In situation or when the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.government However thisis“change”, regardless of person in question is a minor the Greek obliged to help.artists, The the operation ofconsequences artare galleries, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, landhealth prices (and theof majority of them fromrestaurants, Albania. They cannot obtain services, whatever otherspeculation). has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative public services orconsequences to come forward against an abusive employer. So, this is potential relative speculation). term struggle gentrification is found at first in the UK in and it refersare to theThe main illegal immigrants have toearly face1960s when they The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor undocumented, andtrend in most of the cases they is the then observed wealthy people to are. buy Extremely property infrustrating poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof the sex work cases in which childrensometimes and women are drugged into London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andbeing thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. without having any right because of their illegal status. There is a large being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth percentage ofsame mainly under-aged adolescent boys andrecorded girls,ofeven under ten A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the while similar in other major years old, who are taken illegally into Greece to work in the sex industry. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more “How people react to immigration?” comprehensive approach are being summarized from 11as comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various In 1989, of Greek community of was presented by Eurobarometer interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thethe following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: the tolerant ofis due foreigners entire EU.ofBut political Inpeople a sense, most theof phenomenon togentrification, a trendinofthe a new category social groups to “return” to the warfare city, leaving formade severalGreeks reasons:tohigh coststo in worry money instability and in the Thepurlieus Balkans begin and time to conflict travel from thecan purlieus to downtown, where work place is,The lackGreek of the about the that be raised near their own borders. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, nation was and will always be united, strongly tied to an ethnically based Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “atlanguage the heart of the (possibly) identity that centers on same a common of city”, religion. For for Youth Unemployment. The year sheancestry, left Germany and afterand continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and 10 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_smuggling?fbclid=IwAR1pVyiOdwDKMnVXWxyZ7 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. UpayKHq2c7h6Gx8lGwh8qSHymEYN-lW89fy120 and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture of Crete Greek citizens, the immigration wave in 1990’s Technical was not University an economical
opportunity for them but aDefining big threat their cultural and ethnic purity 1. Introductory approach: the to concept and, of course, authenticity of the Greek Nation. 1994, approximately 1. Introductory approach: the conceptNear ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 85-90% believe immigrants isus,the main source the levels ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -increased 370 BC, Athens), among other wisethat heritage he left he established aofgreat “principle”: the 12, in 2015, Greece is of crime and unemployment. In the Eurobarometer among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the presented toofhave more racist opinions EU average, the acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofalthough concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” athan first,the if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this inindicated a first, if not final, approach, term same study displays that“principle” the minorities in(in Greece feel thetheleast (and urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification discriminated against in all of Europe. Also,thethe ratio from of unemployment Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal this, (in various Sociology as well), asin the “refining” of a city born area, fromthere this, (inthe various ways), of social groups, usually ofand low-income andthe theremoval placement of artists, between foreigners Greece native citizens is lower than EU ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of 13 the operation art galleries, thisthat “change”, regardless of ) However indicating Greece is artists, less average (asofreported byrestaurants, Eurostat etc. the operation ofagainst art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this whatever other consequences has, results rising of “change”, land prices (andasthe discriminating foreigners in the labor market than theregardless EU aof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential whole.14 relative speculation). potential relative speculation). TheMany term gentrification found at firstare in the in early 1960sconcerning and it refers to to have stated isthat Greeks notUK stereotypical The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor immigration. In mytrend opinionwealthy this applies some of the in people in theof the then observed people to to there buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are country but for the majority stereotypes, discrimination London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andand thushumiliation old residentsof are being indirectly “squeezed”. these people, and not only these amount of people, is a way of life. Many of being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth us are homophobic, antifeminists, extremely rudemajor way. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedconservatives inwere the recorded work of in Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inaother st century, in 2020, this type of behavior should not be allowed from In 21 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. anyone. We have to respect our fellow beings asscholars long as and theyfor respect us. Since then, the issue has several its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more We have to be open-minded, thinking out of the below, box. Helping instead of comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various hurting someone. Loving andare caring a world which, the end, is ours. interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thein following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time 12 to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Eurobarometer is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, European Commision since her 1973. These surveys a wide varietyan of important topical issues relating to Berlin, where she made first studies. In address 1932 she published study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) the EU throughout its member Youth Unemployment. The states. same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 13 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/d/dc/Gap_in_longstudies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and term_unemployment_between_non-EU-born_and_native-born_populations%2C_2015.png?fbclid= University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and IwAR0Y92TWM0FrFb0itwE5h2pmhwkk1JMbprHV-eusdzX7-ITQ-jDXjiweELg long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 14 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece?fbclid=IwAR0GoQRnK7gNwORJL_ and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: pOT43ichkEnMDrwt9L9nw0cKYSaT1y_bTGyYVMu1I G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252183 11
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Σφάλματα κατά την Αξιολόγηση Ανθρωπίνου GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Δυναμικού και Τρόποι Αποφυγής Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns Του κ. Χρίστου ΠΑΝΑΓΗ Διευθ. Βιβλιοθ. Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
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By ενέχει Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Η διαδικασία της αξιολόγησης τον κίνδυνο του σφάλματος και Harvard Graduate School of Design, Student, ως εκ τούτου δύσκολα μπορεί ναUniversity, χαρακτηριστεί αντικειμενική. Ένα σύστημα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αξιολόγησης θα καταφέρει να έχει αποτελεσματικότητα, εάν αυτό θα Student of theηSchool of Architecture αποτελεί το συνδυασμό πολλών παραγόντων όπως εγκυρότητα των Technical University of Crete στοιχείων που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν στην αξιολόγηση, η ύπαρξη ξεκάθαρων κριτηρίων, καθώς approach: και ένας έμπειρος 1. Introductory Definingαξιολογητής. the concept Η αντικειμενική αξιολόγηση είναι ένας στόχος που δύσκολα μπορεί (444 να BCεπιτευχθεί. Ένας 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), προϊστάμενος/αξιολογητής για να να κρίνει αντικειμενικά την ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, μπορεί he established a great the απόδοση των εργαζομένων του χρειάζεται να έχει την απαραίτητη γνώση, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the πληροφορίες δεδομένα από εργασία οποία έχουν συμβεί στο acquisition of και knowledge starts withτην thein definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, ifτα not final, approach, the term παρελθόν και έχει καταχωρήσει στην μνήμη του και πάνω σε αυτά θα 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 βασιστεί κατά την της αξιολόγησης. Λόγο όμως της επαγγελματικής, gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asπερίοδο the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various φιλικής, οικογενειακής ή άλλης σχέσης ανάμεσα στον αξιολογούμενο με τον Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αξιολογητή, πολλές περιπτώσεις δεν εφικτό there να ofμείνει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and είναι thethis placement artists, the operation ofσε art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of συναισθηματικά ουδέτερος έχοντας ως αποτέλεσμα η αξιολόγηση ναof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever otherαπό consequences results also of land prices (and the χαρακτηρίζεται ένα βαθμό has, μεροληψίας και rising υποκειμενικότητας. Πολλοί potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). είναι λόγοι κατά τους οποίους ο first βαθμολογητής να σφάλει, άλλοτε Theοιterm gentrification is found at in the UK inμπορεί early 1960s and it refers to The gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early andυπάλληλο itareas refersofto απόthen την term απροθυμία τους να δημιουργήσουν ένα αρχείο για 1960s τοinκάθε the observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property poor the then observed trend of wealthyγια people to there buy property in εταιρεία poor areas όπου θαupgrade περιλαμβάνει πληροφορίες την συμβολή τουthus στην και London, them, stay themselves sometimes and old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are άλλοτε είναι επειδή προτιμούν να αποφύγουν την συναισθηματική πίεση being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. αφού μέσω μιας αρνητικής κριτικής μπορεί να work προκαλέσει αρνητική A description of this phenomenon is included in the of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included in theεργαζομένου. work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations were recorded in other major επίπτωση στην αυτοπεποίθηση και isαπόδοση του Κατά τη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. διάρκεια της διαδικασίας αξιολόγησης ο αξιολογητής είναι πιθανόν να κάνει cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the has scholars and και for its more σφάλματα, αυτά ταissue σφάλματα μπορεί να several είναι είτε συνειδητά σκόπιμα Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for its more comprehensive being summarized from είτε ασυνείδητα. approach Συνειδητάare σφάλματα είναιseveral όταν οbelow, αξιολογητής γιαvarious δικούς comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: του λόγους βαθμολογεί τον υφιστάμενο του χαμηλότερα ή υψηλότερα από interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: i In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups αυτό που τον αντιπροσωπεύει. Οι λόγοι που συμβαίνει αυτό είναι: to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from theτα purlieus Βαθμολογεί προς πάνω:to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies town centres, search Για να βοηθήσει ή να καλύψει τονoutside υφιστάμενο τουRuth σε περίπτωση που Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) ηYouth απόδοση του δενeducation, ήταν η αναμενόμενη. Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc. studies in Geneva, London andοcar New York she cameτου, back to London, and Γιαresearch να of, μπορεί να Prague, πάρει αύξηση υφιστάμενος ιδίως ανwhere οι in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and αυξήσεις μικρές. Universityείναι College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Για να καλύψειbyτυχόν προβλήματα που υπάρχουν στο τμήμα του ή and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. AND Ltd. αυτός δενWil. κάνει καλά SONS την δουλειά του.London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Για να αποφύγει την ρήξη- σύγκρουση με τον υφιστάμενο του.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Για να ανταμείψει ή να επιβραβεύσει τον υφιστάμενο που προσπάθησε και βελτίωσε την απόδοση του, ακόμη και αν η απόδοση δεν είναι υψηλή. Για να αυξήσει την πιθανότητα ότι ένας υφιστάμενος του, που δεν συμπαθεί θα προαχθεί και θα φύγει από το τμήμα του. Βαθμολογεί προς τα κάτω: Για να έχει γραπτά στοιχεία πως ο υφιστάμενος του δεν είναι ο By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS κατάλληλος για την θέσηHarvard εκείνη. University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Για να τον «ταρακουνήσει» By καιMr. ναGeorge-Sp. του επιδείξει εξουσία του και να C.τη ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τον φέρει σε υψηλότερα επίπεδα απόδοσης. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Για να δείξει σε «ζωηρούς» υφιστάμενους ποιος έχει εξουσία. Για να στείλει ένα μήνυμα στον υφιστάμενο ότι θα πρέπει να 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σκέφτεται να φύγειapproach: από την επιχείρηση ή οργανισμό. 1. Introductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCπου - 370ο BC, Athens), Από την άλλη τα ασυνείδητα σφάλματα είναι(444 αυτά αξιολογητής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the δεν αντιλαμβάνεται πως τα διαπράττει. Για παράδειγμα στην περίπτωση among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. όπου ο αξιολογητής έχει ένα πρότυπο καλού εργαζομένου και αναγνωρίζει acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term στον αξιολογούμενο ένα με δύο στοιχεία τα οποία εμπίπτουν στο πρότυπο 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification του, έτσι μπορεί ναurban διαπράξει το σφάλμα και να(in τον υψηλά 1 (and gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated theαξιολογήσει areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal from (in various ακόμη κι ανasαυτός δεν τα“refining” έχει. Στηνof συνέχεια θα the εξετάσουμε τα σφάλματα του Sociology well), as the a city area, removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, βαθμολογητή: ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of (similar-to-meeffect) “Μου μοιάζει” the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Είναι other το σφάλμα το οποίο κάνουν περισσότεροι άνθρωποι, όταν whatever consequences has, resultsοιalso rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). κρίνουν θετικότερα αυτούς που τους μοιάζουν ή έχουν κοινά χαρακτηριστικά potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to μαζίthen τους από εκείνους δεν atτους μοιάζουν. Ηearly έρευνα πως ηto The term gentrification iswealthy found first in the UK in 1960s and itareas refersof the observed trend ofπου people to buy property in έδειξε poor επίδραση αυτή είναι ισχυρή ιδιαίτερα στις περιπτώσεις που η ομοιότητα the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof βασίζεται σε δημογραφικά όπως there για παράδειγμα φυλή, το London, upgrade them, stayχαρακτηριστικά themselves sometimes and thus old(η residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. φύλο, σπουδές, θρησκεία, πολιτική πράξη κτλ.) μπορεί να οδηγήσουν σε being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αποφάσεις που εισάγουν διακρίσεις. 16 Αυτό συμβαίνει λόγοof του θεωρούν A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar inότι other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major τους εαυτούς τους αποτελεσματικότερους και έτσι στην περίπτωση που οι cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. άλλη έχουν κοινά χαρακτηριστικά με αυτούς, αυτό στα μάτια του αξιολογητή Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more iiτους Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various itsκαι more κάνει αυτόματα αποτελεσματικούς. Δηλαδή η σύγκριση αυτή η comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συμπάθεια τους οδηγεί στο να βαθμολογούν πιο από ότι αξίζουν interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theυψηλά, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: πραγματικά. In a sense,iiitheof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Προκαταλήψεις Στερεότυπα (stereotyping-prejudice) to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Πολλές είναι οι περιπτώσεις όπου στοιχείαwhere όπωςwork το φύλο, ντύσιμο ή and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, placeτο is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasαυτόν born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better ακόμη και η ηλικία επηρεάζουν τιςRuth αξιολογήσεις με αποτέλεσμα λόγο Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment heartκαθόλου of the city”, (possibly) τον προκαταλήψεων η βαθμολογία να “at μηνtheείναι κοντά στην Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. πραγματικότητα. (παραδείγματα που έχουν διαπιστωθεί είναι οι νεώτεροι να studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and κρίνονται πιο παραγωγικοί από τους πιο ηλικιωμένους και οι άνδρες να University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying λαμβάνουν καλύτερες αξιολογήσεις από τις γυναίκες) her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 252185 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Φωτοστέφανο (halo effect) Στην περίπτωση αυτή ο βαθμολογητής επηρεάζεται από ένα χαρακτηριστικό του αξιολογούμενου είτε αυτό είναι αρνητικό είτε είναι θετικό και τον βαθμολογεί σε όλα τα υπόλοιπα χαρακτηριστικά του βασιζόμενος σε αυτό. Έτσι η βαθμολογία ακόμα και για διαφορετικές διαστάσεις της απόδοσης του παραμένει σχεδόν η ίδια μιας και ο βαθμολογητής αξιολογεί υποκειμενικά.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, πρόσφατη απόδοση (recencyeffect) Αξιολόγηση βασισμένη στην By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Ο αξιολογητής κάνει το σφάλμα αυτό λόγω του ότι πολλές φορές Student of the School of Architecture υπάρχει μεγάλο χρονικό περιθώριο ανάμεσα στις αξιολογήσεις και είναι Technical University ofπολύ Crete
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πιθανόν ο αξιολογητής να μην θυμάται όλα τα συμβάντα που έχουν συμβεί 1. Introductory Defining the concept μέσα σε αυτό τοapproach: χρονικό πλαίσιο. Έτσι λόγω του ότι θυμάται μόνο τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, πρόσφατα συμβάντα αξιολογεί τον υφιστάμενό του με βάση αυτά και επειδή ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,που Athens), among other wise he left us, established a τις great the η αξιολόγηση δεν heritage αντιπροσωπεύει τιςhe αποδόσεις και επιδόσεις είχε among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startsτο with of the content concepts. the όλη τη χρονιά δημιουργείται σφάλμα αξιολόγησης. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Αντιπαραβολή 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Το σφάλμα αντιπαραβολής συμβαίνει όταν ο βαθμολογητής συγκρίνει Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), social groups, of low-income andthe theremoval placement άτομα of μεταξύ τους καιusually ενώ θα έπρεπε να αξιολογεί τις αποδόσεις τους με ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of artτα galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of κάποια κριτήρια οποία restaurants, είναι απαραίτητα για την άριστη εκτέλεση της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the εργασίας. Για παράδειγμα ότανhas, ένας ικανός υπάλληλος εργάζεται με δύο whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). εξαιρετικούς συναδέλφους του και αξιολογηθεί με βάσει τους εξαιρετικούς potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s it που refers to συναδέλφους του και η βαθμολογία του χαμηλότερη από and αυτή τον The term gentrification found atpeople firstείναι in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto αντιπροσωπεύει τότεtrend έχουμε σφάλμα αντιπαραβολής. the then observed wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Σφάλμα“squeezed”. κατανομής indirectly being A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Το σφάλμα κατανομής λόγωinwere του ότι οof Sociologist βαθμολογητής A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work Ruth GLASS at the same while συμβαίνει similar in other major επιλέγει να χρησιμοποιεί ένα μόνο μέρος της βαθμολογικής κλίμακας. Το GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. λάθος επιείκειας παρατηρείται όταν ο αξιολογητής, αξιολογεί όλους τους cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more εργαζομένους υψηλότερα επίπεδα της several κλίμακας. Λάθος αυστηρότητας Since then,στα the issue has scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the έχουμε στην περίπτωση όπου ο αξιολογητής, αξιολογεί όλους τους comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: εργαζομένους στα κατώτερα επίπεδα της κλίμακας. Από την άλλη η κεντρική interpretations of the phenomenon the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups τάση συμβαίνει όταν ο βαθμολογητής, αξιολογεί τους εργαζομένους στην to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μέση της κλίμακας. Αυτά τα σφάλματα προκαλούν δύο επιπτώσεις: “Πρώτον and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the δυσφορούν τηatcomes διάκριση τωνRuth υπαλλήλων που έχουν βαθμολογηθεί απόin 1.of The term fromμεταξύ Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: το ίδιο ofάτομο. δημιουργούν “at προβλήματα σύγκριση της services health, Δεύτερον education, entertainment the heart ofστη the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for απόδοσης ατόμων που έχουν βαθμολογηθεί από διαφορετικούς lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where βαθμολογητές’’18. Όταν ένας βαθμολογητής αξιολογεί με ενώ ένας in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheεπιείκεια teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her τον public action and άλλος αυστηρά τότε η υπάλληλοι που βαθμολογήθηκαν από αυστηρό long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. βαθμολογητή θα έχουν λιγότερες από τους που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of partεργαζόμενους of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd.απολαβές London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm από τον επιεική βαθμολογητή. aβαθμολογήθηκαν variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns tendency). Τάση προς το κέντρο (central
Η περίπτωση αυτή συμβαίνει όταν ο αξιολογητής κινείται προς τα κέντρο της κλίμακας ακόμη και αν η απόδοση των εργαζομένων είναι By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS υψηλότερη ή χαμηλότερη από το κέντρο. Έτσι ο αξιολογητής ακολουθεί μια Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μέση λύση με αποτέλεσμα όλοι By οι Mr. υπάλληλοι να C. φαίνονται "καλοί" με George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αποτέλεσμα η αξιολόγηση να μην εκπληρώνει τον σκοπό για τον οποίο Student of the School of Architecture γίνεται. Στο λάθος αυτό που υποπίπτουν οι προϊστάμενοι λόγωUniversity φόβου κυρίως Technical of Crete όταν στο έντυπο αξιολόγησης τους ζητείται να αιτιολογήσουν την πολύ 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept χαμηλή ή πολύ υψηλή βαθμολογία τους. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΤρόποι other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αποφυγής σφαλμάτων among wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. Ταother σφάλματα που starts προκύπτουν κατά την αξιολόγηση είναι δύσκολο έως acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term ακατόρθωτο να εξαλειφθούν. Παρόλα αυτά μπορούν να μειωθούν μέσω 1 (and urban Based,ενεργειών. therefore, onΟιthis “principle” is inμπορούν a first, if (in not final, approach, the μια term gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification κάποιων αξιολογητές ναthe περάσουν από 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εκπαίδευση έτσι ώστε να κατανοήσουν τους πραγματικούς σκοπούς και Sociology asγίνεται well), as the “refining” of a cityαπό area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), ofπου social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement of λόγους η αξιολόγηση, κάποιοι τους λόγους είναι η προαγωγές ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of artπου galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of ή ηoperation εκπαίδευση πρέπει να δοθείetc. στους εργαζόμενους έτσι ώστε να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the αυξηθεί η απόδοσή τους. Ακόμη πρέπει να κατανοήσουν κάτω από ποιες whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential μεθόδουςrelative γίνεταιspeculation). μια αξιολόγηση, τα κριτήρια και τα πρότυπα απόδοσης potential relative speculation). The term is found at first in the UK χρήσιμη in early 1960s and itόπως refersνα to καθώς και gentrification το ότι η συχνή αξιολόγηση είναι φτάνει The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αποφεύγονται τα σφάλματα. Με τη συχνή αξιολόγηση, ο αξιολογητής θα έχειof the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are την ευχέρεια να μπορεί να δημιουργήσει ένα αρχείο γιαand τονthus κάθε London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there oldεργαζόμενο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και έτσιindirectly να καταγράφει την συμπεριφορά των εργαζομένων και την απόδοσή being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τους,Aέχοντας έτσι αποδεικτικά στοιχεία από διάφορες περιόδους τους καιRuth να ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist GLASSdescription at the same while similar in other major μην βασίζεται μόνο στις πιο πρόσφατες. Επίσης τα σφάλματα αξιολόγησης GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. ίσως μειωθούν αισθητά μεby τιςother κατάλληλες μεθόδους βαθμολόγησης και την cities in Western countries, Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more χρήση κλιμάκων για βαθμολόγηση, φτάνει ο βαθμολογητής Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forναvarious itsείναι more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from αντικειμενικός και να μην επηρεάζεται από φιλικές, συγγενικές και άλλες comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: σχέσεις που είναι πιθανόν να έχει μεof τους βαθμολογούμενους. Αυτό μπορεί να interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups αποφευχθεί όταν γίνεται επιβράβευση των αξιολογητών, στις περιπτώσεις to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money iv πουtime είναιtoακριβής, αντικειμενικοί κάνουν δίκαιη αξιολόγηση. and travel from the purlieusκαι to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth iUnemployment. The ανθρωπίνων same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Χυτήρης, Λ.of, Διοίκηση πόρων, Εκδόσεις Interbooks,2001. lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studiesii and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Παπαλεξανδρή, Ν. και Μπουραντάς, Δ., Διοίκηση ανθρωπίνων πόρων. Μπένου,2003. in According 1943 studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and iii she published R.Noe, J.Hollenbeck, B. where Gerhart, Wright, Επιστημονική επιμέλεια: ΓΕ. University College of London, sheP.continued her social research. HerΚωνσταντίνος public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying Αθανασόπουλος. Διαχείριση Ανθρωπίνων Πόρων, εκδ. Παπαζήση, Αθήνα 2007, Τόμος A’. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. iv and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of επιμέλεια: part of the urban web,ΓΕ. in R.Noe, J.Hollenbeck, B.for Gerhart, P. Wright, Κωνσταντίνος 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. LondonΕπιστημονική 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aΑθανασόπουλος, variety of ways, in order to achieve the “voluntary”, Διαχείριση Ανθρωπίνων Πόρων, εκδ. “assisted”, Παπαζήση, Αθήνα 2007, Τόμος Β’(actually . 252187 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Design Types and Construction: Definition, of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification The role of new technologies Concerns Georgios - Spyridon C. ATHANASOPOULOS By Mr. Candidate George-Sp.Cambridge C. ATHANASOPOULOS PhD University, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Engineering Department By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Master ofStudent Architecture in Urban Design of the School of Architecture Harvard Graduate School of Design Technical University of Crete Bachelor of Architecture Technical University of Crete
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1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient From Renaissance to the Greek 21st Century ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us, he established a great the One ofwise the main characteristics ofphilosopher, the design profession is the ability to among wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of synchronical knowledge starts with of the content concepts. adapt toother its changes in society. These changes take place in acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term various fields such as the economic realm or the social organization of a state, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,the if (in not final, approach, the and term gentrification) is the of Planning) (or gentrification as well as in technology and the sciences. Since ages ofarea ancient Egypt 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various its Pyramids, the role of the architect, a term that can be translated from the Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofengineer, low-income theremoval placement greek language as the primary wasand to try to invent tools, processes, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationtechniques of art galleries, etc.common Howeverneeds this “change”, regardless of or material thatrestaurants, would serve and would provide the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the solutions to particular problems. In a similar way, this is also the role of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). technology in general, and that would be the creation of knowledge, materials potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found life. at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to and The methods that aim to facilitate term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the thenOne observed trend of to buy poor fundamental change thatpeople happened atproperty the timeinof Renaissance the then observed trend of wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof was the invention of thestay perspective drawing. Thisthere wasand seen as old a cutting-edge London, upgrade them, themselves sometimes thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. technology and it“squeezed”. altered the way in which space was perceived. An equivalent being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth shiftAthat takes place would be the extensive use ofofdigital toolsRuth in ofperiod, thistoday phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Sociologist GLASSdescription at the same while similar in other major design and architecture. Digital tools offer a wide range of options in GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. reinterpreting design and in creating particular architectural languages and cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more syntaxes. However, they has also provide the opportunity toand simulate the Since then, the issue several scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the structure of a desirable building in order to explore the performable aspects of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the design. In that way, one of the main attempts of this essay is to argue that interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the new tools not only can be used as form-finding vehicles that to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highwould costs inexplore money new aesthetics, but at the same time, they can contribute to the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work placedevelopment is, lack of the of new tectonic principles. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Simulation lower living cost of, tools “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, role of studies the approach, designer and architect isIn to1950 try to adopt theteacher new tools in According 1943As shethe published regarding city planning. she in the to another the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of emerge, London, where she continued her socialhis research. Her public and that continuously itorganized should be noted that role would also be to long-term informal effort by groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. critically engage withetc., thefor new and being able accept or decline and selling realCOLLINS estate, thetechniques depreciation initially of parttoof the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: the outcomes of the digital world. As the new simulation tools may enable the G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification designer to interpret his design in terms of functionality, weather and light Concerns conditions, and stability, the results of that should not be accepted per se.
They should be critically filtered in order to provide feedback for the design. The generation of statistical analysisByand should C. only be used as way to Mr. data George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS redefine the strategies and principles that guide the design process. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student,
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect
of Computational the School of Architecture Computation vs Computerization | TheStudent Traces of Design Technical University Crete At this point there is an important distinction that needs to be of made between the terms “computational” and “computerized” design. One aspect of 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept the 1. “computerized” design method would be the exact replication of an Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, - 370 BC,toAthens), analytical set of information. In addition to that,(444 andBC according Achim ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Menges, computerized design follows the traditional methods of design, just among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. through the interface of a computer. On the other hand computational design acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term shifts the discourse of design, by challenging the conventional methods and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification processes of 1design through the introduction of (in parametric and gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, ofmodels, Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various directly through theasprogramming language of the computer. Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Designof computation and the broader range of this all its relevantregardless tools wasof the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the primarily adopted by the fields of naval and also aerospace The main whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results rising engineering. of land prices (and the potential relative target wasrelative to generate models of simulation that through analysis and potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to interpretation of their results would lead tothe thebuy increase performance and The term gentrification found atpeople first in UK in earlyin1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to property in poor ofto efficiency of structures. The outcomes of the use of applied physics and the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof applied sciences also introduced new techniques and methods in fabrication London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and construction. The first attempts to follow the advancements came being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist from Ruth the industries, as they to respond to marketinwere demands customization A description ofperiod, thistried phenomenon is situations included the recorded work for of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major of products. At that particular point, the fordist model of the assembly-line GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherredefined. Researchers. production wasthe questioned and Interventions take place Since then, issue has several scholars could and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more during the production process ordersummarized to broaden thebelow, varietyfrom of the products. comprehensive approach areinbeing the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations thethe phenomenon the following: Nevertheless, discourse of computational design dates way back to In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups the invention of analytical geometries and third degree algebraic equations to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money formtime Leibniz. It could that, at a certainwhere degree theplace emergence and to travel frombe theargued purlieus to downtown, work is, lack of of the the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in new tools came outcomeresidencies of appliedoutside mathematics through the extensive sense of safety at as thethe distributed town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: use of computer other words,“at computers the possibility services of health,resources. education,In entertainment the heartoffered of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for tostudies represent non-euclidean geometries that would take a great amount of lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and effort to she produce by hand. Computer offered a wide range oftobecame potentials to map University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying analytical and complex geometries and this was about to bring fundamental her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially part in of the urban in changes theCOLLINS way space could be perceived, andWIKIPEDIA: as of result the way itweb, could 10th edit.in Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm abe variety in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually built. of ways,
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Redefining Tectonics GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, At this point, before shifting to an understanding of the new design and simulation tools in terms of their practical values, it might worth to Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification interpret their outcomes in terms of design and aesthetics. The new design Concerns techniques have offered new ways to design space and can be criticized for
90
form-finding obsessions. The result of that could be the fetishization of the architectural object. But the idea that architecture should demonstrate itself By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS and expose its ambitions to lead the aesthetics discourse is a perception that Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, goes back in time. It dates back to the andC.it ATHANASSOPOULOS even goes way more ByRenaissance Mr. George-Sp. Architect back to the construction of the Parthenon. From that point of view the new Student of the School of Architecture design tools are just being used as the contemporaryTechnical vehicle that enables the University of Crete architect-designer to express his aesthetic language and vocabulary. In other 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept words, a computational design language is not necessarily a premise for an 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept expressive architectural vocabulary, the computer be the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekand philosopher, (444just BC happens - 370 BC,to Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the latest method of designing. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition ofisknowledge starts with the definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” aseek first, the if of not final, term What important, however is into way in approach, which anythe design1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification artistic obsession or performative expression is related to a crucial aspectterm of 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various architecture, and that would be the one of tectonics. Structure was always a Sociology as as the “refining” of a city from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually low-income andthe theremoval placement there parameter inwell), architecture andofdesign thatarea, defined the final outcome. In the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofdiscourse, art galleries, etc.technologies However this can “change”, of contemporary therestaurants, use of digital greatlyregardless contribute the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the to the field of tectonics. Even if this seems to be obvious, as engineering wasof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential always a relative discipline closely related to computation and mathematics, it could potential relative speculation). term that gentrification is found at first infor thedifferent UK in early 1960s Structure and it refers to be The claimed it is actually happening reasons. and The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor tectonics are redefined, not because of the use of the new tools by the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and residents areof engineers, but basically of the use of thesethere tools bythus theold designers. The London, upgrade them, because stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. new tools have“squeezed”. offered the designers the possibility of an architectural being indirectly A description this phenomenon is included in thecalculate work of Sociologist Ruth vocabulary thatofofconventional tectonics cannot by simplistic A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major simulation andsame analytic models. As an extension to that, form-finding GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. techniques have definitely lead to the emergence of what could be named as cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more “tectonic-finding” techniques. This would be an investigation offor principles Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various that, through the engagement of the digital tools, could lead to the realization comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ofinterpretations any unconventional design, and at the same time would manage to the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups overcome construction issues. It should be pointed out, however, that the to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money collaboration between the purlieus engineertoand the architect, wellplace as theis,blurring of and time to travel from the downtown, whereaswork lack of the the boundaries between disciplines a crucial factor for success. And thisin 1.of The termat comes from the Sociologist Ruth is GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin,only where she happened made her first studies.the In 1932 shea published an important study entitled: could have through use of common language between the services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth which Unemployment. Thethe same year she left Germany and after continuous fields, would be one of mathematics. In other words, it might be afor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, point in she history where it’s not tectonics define In design, but actually design in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and informs tectonics in by that way it challenges engineering and science. And long-term informaland effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. probably this could beetc., an for irony ofdepreciation our times, the fact that a discipline cannot and selling realCOLLINS estate, theCo initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
any longer challenge itself on its own, but only through the feedback of other disciplines.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Concludingly, it may be worth to George-Sp. recall Mies C. van der Rohe’sArchitect words By Mr. ATHANASSOPOULOS regarding the advancements that were taking place, back in the beginning of Student of the School of Architecture the twentieth century. Even if the great architect’s words refer to Technical University of Crete
industrialization, his ideas might be still relevant today: 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept of our “yes” or “no.” Yet it “The new era is a fact: it exists,the irrespective 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept is neither better northe worse thanGreek any other era. [...] (444 One BC thing willBC, be decisive: ANTISTHENIS, ancient philosopher, - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370problems BC, Athens), among wise ourselves heritage he us, he a great the the wayother we assert in left the face of established circumstance. Here the of among wise leftthe us,definition hetoestablished a greatbut the acquisition of knowledge startshe with ofnot the “what” content of“principle”: concepts. the spiritother begin. Theheritage important question ask is “how.” What acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, onwhat this “principle” indefinition aare first, not final, approach, thevalue. term goods we therefore, produce or tools wethe use notif of questions of spiritual 1 (and urban Based, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, thenew term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification [...] Yet it istherefore, just the question of value that is decisive. We must set up 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various values, fix our ultimate goals so that we may establish standards. For what is Sociology as well), asfor the “refining” of a city area, this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of— low-income and theremoval placement there artists, right and significant any era including thethe new era —from is this: toof give the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of spirit the opportunity for existence.” the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor BIBLIOGRAPHY the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Mario. Alphabet and the Cambridge, ACarpo, description of thisThe phenomenon is included in theAlgorithm. work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2011. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major citiesCarpo, in Western countries, by other Mario. Ten Years of Researchers. Folding, in Greg Lynn (ed.), Folding in cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Architecture, Architectural Design. Chichester, 1993 revised edition Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Chichester: Wiley-Academy, 2004. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture : A Critical History. Rev. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups and enl. ed. London: Thames and Hudson, 1985. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Kara, Hanif,from et the al.purlieus Interdisciplinary New Lessons from and time to travel to downtown,Design: where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in Architecture and Engineering. Cambridge, MA: Barcelona: Harvard sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) University Graduate Schoolentertainment of Design, Actar, 2012. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. Luca Digital Fabrication inNew Architecture, and studies andCaneparo. research in Geneva, Prague, London and York she cameEngineering back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Construction. Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London: Springer, 2014. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Menges, Achim, and Design DICTIONARY. Thinking. her work are characterized by a Sean passionAhlquist. for justice. Computational See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Κατάργηση δυνατότητας αναστολής της εκτελεστικής GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, διαδικασίας στην έμμεση εκτέλεση. Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofεφαρμογής Gentrification Δυνατότητα αναλογικής του άρθρου 937 §1β΄ και γ΄ ή εφαρμογής των άρθρων 731επ ΚΠολΔ; Concerns Της κυρίας Αικατ. Π. ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS LL.B, Δικηγόρου Παρ’ Εφέταις Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Του Student κυρίουofΟρέστη Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑ, the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete LL.B., B.B.A., M.Sc. M.P.A.
Δικηγόρου, Διεθνολόγου, Οικονομολόγου
92
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Άμεση εκτέλεση είναι εκείνη που λαμβάνει η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -χώρα 370 BC,όταν Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great “principle”: the ικανοποίηση της απαίτησης του δανειστή επέρχεται κατ’ ευθείαν με among other wise heritage left us, he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. φυσικό και άμεσο τρόπο π.χ. με την αφαίρεση από τα χέρια του acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based,κινητού therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term οφειλέτη πράγματος εάν έχει καταδικασθεί για την παράδοση gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ή απόδοσή του, με την αποβολή του μισθωτή από το μίσθιο σε Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually ofδιατάσσει low-income andthe theremoval placement εκτέλεση της απόφασης που την απόδοση του μισθίου στον ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of μισθωτή, ενώ, αντιθέτως, η έμμεση εκτέλεση λαμβάνει χώρα όταν η the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ικανοποίηση του δανειστή γίνεται μέσω του πλειστηριασμού, με τη whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ρευστοποίηση της κινητής και ακίνητης περιουσίας του οφειλέτη, των potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to πλοίων ή των αεροσκαφών του. Συνεπώς, έμμεση The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property inαναγκαστική poor εκτέλεση υπάρχει όταν ηwealthy απαίτηση τουto δανειστή είναι χρηματική the then observed trend people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are (Κεραμέα/Κονδύλη/Νίκα, Ερμηνείαsometimes Κώδικα Πολιτικής Δικονομίας, υπό being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth άρθρα 942, 943,of950). AΠεραιτέρω, description ofσύμφωνα this phenomenon included in theάρθρων work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while situations were recorded in other μεsimilar τις isδιατάξεις των 937 καιmajor 951 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other ΚΠολΔ, όπως αυτά ισχύουν μετάResearchers. το Ν.4335/2015, η αίτηση αναστολής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more της Since διαδικασίας της εκτέλεσης για τις περιπτώσεις που and ηand αναγκαστική then, the issue has several below, scholars for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the εκτέλεση επισπεύδεται με are βάση επιταγή που έχει συνταχθεί μετά την comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 1.1.2016 προβλέπεται και είναι παραδεκτή μόνο: α) σε περίπτωση interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups άμεσης εκτέλεσης ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου στο οποίο to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsεκκρεμεί in money ανακοπή κατά from της the εκτέλεσης, δικάζει με work τη place διαδικασία and time to travel purlieus to που downtown, where is, lack ofτων the 1.of The term fromοποίο Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthαναστολή GLASS for wasbetter born άρθρων 686επ, μπορεί να διατάξει την τηςin sense safety atcomes the το distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) εκτέλεσης με παροχή ή entertainment καιsheχωρίς παροχή εγγύησης β) σεfor Youth Unemployment. The same year left Germany and after continuousκαι lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, London and New York she came back to London, περίπτωση εκτέλεσης πουPrague, στηρίζεται σε δικαστική απόφαση ή διαταγή in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and πληρωμής, ενώπιον του where Δικαστηρίου τουher ένδικου μέσουHer που τυχόν έχει University informal College of London, she continued social research. brokers public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. ασκηθεί κατά της απόφασης που εκδίδεται επί τηςENGLISH ανακοπής που and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δικάζει με τη διαδικασία των άρθρων 686επ, και το οποίο μπορεί να G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
διατάξει την αναστολή, με παροχή ή και χωρίς παροχή εγγύησης, εφόσον κρίνει ότι η ενέργεια της αναγκαστικής εκτέλεσης θα προξενήσει ανεπανόρθωτη βλάβη στον αιτούντα και πιθανολογεί την ευδοκίμηση του ένδικου μέσου. Πριν την τροποποίηση του ΚΠολΔ από τον ως άνω νόμο 4335/2015, υπήρχε, με βάση το καταργηθέν άρθρο 938 παρ. 4 ΚΠολΔ, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS η δυνατότητα αναστολής τηςBy εκτέλεσης από το πρωτοβάθμιο Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, δικαστήριο στο οποίο εκκρεμούσε η ανακοπή και μόνον μέχρι την By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect έκδοση οριστικής απόφασης επ’ αυτής ενώ δεν υπήρχε η δυνατότητα Student of the School of Architecture χορήγησης αναστολής με την άσκηση ενδίκου μέρους κατάof Crete της Technical University απόφασης που απέρριπτε την ανακοπή, καθόσον, σε αυτή την 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept περίπτωση που υπήρχε έστω μια πρώτη οριστική κρίση της ανακοπής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, από Δικαστήριο, theδεν επιτρεπόταν περαιτέρω καθυστέρηση της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the εκτελεστικής διαδικασίας. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Συγκρίνοντας τις starts δύο ως ρυθμίσειςof του εν λόγω ζητήματος acquisition of knowledge withάνω theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term της Based, αναστολής καταλήγουμε στα εξής: καιifυπό τοarea νέο καθεστώς η 1 (and therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is (in of Planning) (or gentrification 1 άσκηση ανακοπής συνεχίζει να μην αναστέλλει την εκτελεστική gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various διαδικασία πλην όμως δεν παρέχεται καμία δυνατότητα αναστολής της Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually ofαιτήσεως low-income and the placement there of artists, εκτέλεσης κατόπιν σχετικής λόγω της άσκησης ανακοπής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other933 consequences has, resultsτης alsoσε rising of land pricesκαθόσον (and theof του άρθρου και εκκρεμότητάς πρώτο βαθμό, whatever other consequences rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). κυρίως λόγω των προθεσμιώνhas, πουresults έθεσεalso ο νομοθέτης για prices τη συζήτηση potential relative speculation). gentrification is found first in the UKσε in early 1960s and it refers to καιThe τηνterm έκδοση απόφασης επί at της ανακοπής συνδυασμό και με την The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor προθεσμία για τη trend διενέργεια τουpeople πλειστηριασμού, ο οποίος δεν θα the then observed wealthy to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof μπορεί να προσδιορισθεί πριν τηνsometimes παρέλευση μηνών από την London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereεπτά and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επιβολή της κατάσχεσης (νέο άρθρο 954 § 2 ε΄ και 993 § 2), προφανώς being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth θεωρήθηκε δεν υπάρχει χορήγησης αναστολής αυτό το A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theότι same whileανάγκη similar recorded inσε other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major στάδιο, αφού countries, με βάση τα ανωτέρω cities in Western by other Researchers.θα υπάρχει απόφαση του cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πρωτοβαθμίου δικαστηρίου επίResearchers. της ανακοπής πριν την ημέρα του Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various πλειστηριασμού. Έτσι, με βάση το νέο ΚΠολΔ, υπάρχει δυνατότητα comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon thebelow, following: αναστολής κατόπιν σχετικήςof gentrification, αιτήσεως, εκδικαζόμενης κατά τη interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups διαδικασία των ασφαλιστικών μέτρων, μόνον σε δεύτερο στάδιο και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συγκεκριμένα όταν ασκηθεί ένδικο μέσο κατά της απόφασης που θα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the απορρίπτει (άρθρο ΚΠολΔ), οπότε και for θα better έχειin 1.of The termτην from Sociologist Ruth 937 GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born sense safety atcomes theανακοπή distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, whereπλέον she made her first studies. In 1932 she publishedΑυτός an important study και entitled: πλησιάσει η ημέρα του πλειστηριασμού. δε είναι ο services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for λόγος που τέθηκαν και προθεσμίες άσκησης αίτησης lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier Yorkτης she came back toαναστολής London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In του 1950 sheto became teacher in the και έκδοσης της απόφασης από το Δικαστήριο ενδίκου μέσου, όταν to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying επίκειται πλειστηριασμός. Τα ως άνω όμως δεν ισχύουν επί άμεσης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. την London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εκτέλεσης, καθόσον σε αυτήν περίπτωση, δεδομένου ότι δεν Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aτίθεται varietyζήτημα of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μακρινού προσδιορισμού πλειστηριασμού ή εκτέλεσης 252193 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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με άλλο χρονοβόρο τρόπο υπάρχει η δυνατότητα αναστολής από το πρωτοβάθμιο δικαστήριο αμέσως μετά την άσκηση της ανακοπής. Ενόψει της κατάργησης του ως άνω άρθρου 938 ΚΠολΔ, πολλές φορές επιχειρήθηκε η άσκηση αιτήσεως αναστολής κατόπιν της άσκησης ανακοπής ενώπιον του πρωτοβαθμίου δικαστηρίου, θεμελιούμενη είτε σε αναλογική εφαρμογή του άρθρου 937 παρ.1 β΄ Mr.άρθρων George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και γ΄ ΚΠολΔ είτε κατ΄ εφαρμογήBy των 731επ. ΚΠολΔ. Σύμφωνα Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, όμως με την μέχρι σήμερα νομολογία, καμία από αυτές τις λύσεις δεν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κρίνεται αποδεκτή καθόσον το μεν έχει κριθεί ότι οι ανωτέρω διατάξεις Student of the School of Architecture του άρθ. 937 ΚΠολΔ ρυθμίζουν αποκλειστικά τη δυνατότητα άσκησης Technical University of Crete αίτησης αναστολής κατά της εκτελεστικής διαδικασίας, χωρίς να 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept επιδέχονται διαφορετική ερμηνείαthe και χωρίς να παρέχεται κατά τον 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek BC - 370 BC, Κώδικα Πολιτικής the Δικονομίας άλληphilosopher, δυνατότητα(444 αναστολής (βλ.Athens), μεταξύ ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the άλλων ΜΠρΑθ 706/2018, ΜΠρΑθ 5801/2017 και ΜΠρΛαμ 223/2016 among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ΤΝΠ - Νόμος, ΜΠρΘεσ starts 7431/2016 ΜΠρΠειρ 229/2016 Αδημ., Ευ. acquisition of knowledge with theinκαι definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Κιουπτσίδου - Στρατουδάκη σε Αρμ 2016.5 Σ.approach, Μούζουρα σε 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notεπ., final, the term urban gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ΕλλΔ/νη 2016. 987 επ., Α.Πλεύρη σε ΕλλΔ/νη 2016/158), το δε, όσον gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various αφορά τις διατάξεις των άρθ. 731 και 732 ΚΠολΔ περί προσωρινής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually and placement ofοποία artists, ρύθμισης κατάστασης, έχειof low-income κριθεί η the άποψη, με there την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.ότι However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results rising of land (and theof υποστηρίζεται ότι είναι δυνατή η also αναστολή της prices εκτελεστικής whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land11/2017 prices (andκαι the potential relative speculation). διαδικασίας βάσει των ανωτέρω διατάξεων (ΑΠ potential relative speculation). The termσε gentrification is found first in the in early and it refers to 142/2016 Συμβούλιο), έστωatκαι υπό τη UK μορφή της1960s απαγόρευσης της The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ενέργειας συγκεκριμένης πράξης, δεν ευσταθεί, καθόσον ενareas λόγωof the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in οι poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents are διατάξεις δεν them, δύνανται να αντικαταστήσουν τιςthusαποκλειστικές London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ρυθμίσεις του άρθ. 937 ΚΠολΔ (βλ. Κράνη σε Κεραμέα/Κονδύλη/Νίκα, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ΕρμΚΠολΔ 2000, άρθ. 731-similar 732is situations αριθ. 5, inwere ΜΠρΑθ ΝοΒ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included the recorded work3977/2002, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theI same while in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major 2002/ 2035, ΜΠΘεσ 3335/1989 ΤΝΠ - Νόμος), οι οποίες κατισχύουν cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalσε scholars for its με more ως ειδικότερες. Αντίθετη ερμηνεία θα ερχόταν ευθείαand αντίθεση το Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various γράμμα του νόμου (βλ. σχόλιο Κωνσταντίνου Καλαβρού, ΕλλΔ/νη comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: 2017/415), θα ήταν αντίθετη στο σκοπό the του Νομοθέτη και θα interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the a trend of aΚΠολΔ new social groups καθιστούσε τιςphenomenon προβλέψειςis due του toάρθ. 937 άνευ of αντικειμένου, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αφού, σε κάθε περίπτωση, θα ήταν δυνατή η αναστολή της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the εκτελεστικής διαδικασίας μέσω τηςGLASS, προσφυγής αιτούντος αυτήν 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town του centres, search better Berlin, where she των made άρθ. her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: στις διατάξεις 731 και 732 ΚΠολΔ. Εξάλλου, η αναστολή δεν services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for είναι ασφαλιστικό μέτρο, αλλά ρυθμιστικό μέτρο της εκκρεμούσας lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access to markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the διαδικασίας ΕφΘεσ 64/1991, ΕλλΔ/νη 34. 1362 και ΕφΘεσ to(βλ. another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2333/1989, Αρμ 1989/900), με αποτέλεσμα να μην εφαρμόζονται ως her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theδιατάξεων depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. Londonτου 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προς αυτήν το σύνολο των ΚΠολΔ περί ασφαλιστικών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aμέτρων, variety μεταξύ of ways, in order to achieve theτων “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually των οποίων και αυτές άρθ. 731 και 732 ΚΠολΔ. Τα
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ως άνω ενισχύονται και από το εντελώς διαφορετικό αίτημα των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αιτήσεων και ακολούθως διατακτικό των αποφάσεων που εκδίδονται By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect επί των ως άνω αιτήσεων σε περίπτωση που αυτές γίνουν δεκτές, Student of the School of Architecture αφού στην περίπτωση της αναστολής εκτελεστικής διαδικασίας Technical University ofείναι Crete «αναστέλλει» ενώ σε αυτήν της ρύθμισης κατάστασης είναι «ρυθμίζει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προσωρινά»). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek Για την περίπτωση όμως πουphilosopher, δεν καθίσταται δυνατή η τήρηση ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the των υπό του νόμου τασσόμενων προθεσμιών που διασφαλίζουν την among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. έγκαιρη έκδοση οριστικής αποφάσεως επίthe της ανακοπής, σε acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term περίπτωση ακινήτων και κινητών, προσωρινή έννομη 1κατάσχεσης Based, therefore, on this “principle” is in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 προστασία είναι δυνατή μέσω της λύσης της προσωρινής ρύθμισης gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various κατάστασης (άρθ.731ΚΠολΔ), όπως έχει κριθεί με την ΑΠ 142/2016 & Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andόμως thethis placement of artists, ΑΠ 11/2017 Αναστολών). Βασική προϋπόθεση της ως the operation of(Τμήμα art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingχώρα of land prices (and theof άνω άποψης είναι ότι ο πλειστηριασμός θα λάβει κανονικά αν δεν whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,της results also rising of land pricesαυτή (andτη the potential relative εκδοθεί εγκαίρως απόφαση επί ανακοπής, ενώ τη θέση potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συμμερίζεται και τμήμαisτης θεωρίας. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor Πέραν των ανωτέρω, έχει υποστηριχθεί η άποψη, ότι σε μιαof the then observed trend wealthy people to there buyκαι property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are τέτοια περίπτωση, χρειάζεταιsometimes καν η προσφυγή στο της London, upgrade them,δεν stay themselves there and thus oldθεσμό residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. προσωρινής ρύθμισης κατάστασης, διότι καθίσταται αναγκαία η being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth συστηματική - τελολογική ερμηνεία του άρθρου §1ofπερ. γ` ΚΠολΔ, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the937 work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major ώστεinνα ισχύει σε κάθε κύριας εκτέλεσης, δηλαδή τόσο cities Western countries, by περίπτωση other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue several scholars and for ότι, its more στην άμεση όσο και has στην έμμεση, υπό τον περιορισμό επί Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various επικειμένου πλειστηριασμού, η αίτηση ασκείται μόνο όταν δεν είναι comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: δυνατή η εμπρόθεσμη εκδίκασηofτης ανακοπήςthe του άρθρου 933 ΚΠολΔ interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend58/2017 of a new of social groups (ενδεικτικά ΜΠρΖακ 81/2018, ΜΠρΑμαλ ΤΝΠ ΝΟΜΟΣ). to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Εξάλλου, για τις περιπτώσεις εκείνες ως προς τις οποίες η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συζήτηση τηςatcomes ανακοπής αναβάλλεται ή ματαιώνεται με search τη συναίνεση 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 sheότι published an important study entitled: του επισπεύδοντος, πρέπει να γίνει δεκτό καταρτίζεται μεταξύ τους services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for δικονομική σύμβαση γιαPrague, αναστολή του πλειστηριασμού (άρθρο 969 lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc. studies and research Geneva, London and car New York she came to back to London, where in According 1943 και she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher του in the παρ.3 1019 παρ. 2regarding ΚΠολΔ), τυχόν δε to another approach, the isπραγματοποίηση due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πλειστηριασμού επιφέρει ακυρότητα ανεξαρτήτως βλάβης her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: (Γ.Ορφανίδης, Η αναστολή εκτελέσεως για WIKIPEDIA: ικανοποίηση χρηματικών Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aαπαιτήσεων variety of ways, to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually μετάinτοorder ν. 4335/2015, 2017). 252195 11
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, ΓΕΩΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΑΤΟΜΙΑ: Definition, Types ofΣΧΕΣΕΙΣ: intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΕΥΡΩΑΤΛΑΝΤΙΚΕΣ ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΙΚΕΣ ΕΞΕΛΙΞΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΤΙΜΗΣΕΙΣ Concerns Του κ. Χρήστου Β. ΚΩΤΣΙΑ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS BA Library Science Harvard University, Graduate SchoolΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, of Design, Student, Πανεπιστήμιο Πάφος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
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ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Η Παγκόσμιαapproach: Οικονομική Κρίσηthe τουconcept 2008 λέγεται πως στιγμάτισε την 1. Introductory Defining εποχή μας. Όμως αυτή ουδέποτε τελείωσε ουσιαστικά. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444Μια ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BCδεκαετία - 370 BC,αργότερα, Athens), εξελίσσεται και καθώς εξελίσσεται μεταβάλει τον κόσμο μας BC, όπως τον ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the γνωρίσαμε. Τον μεταβάλει σε όλα τα επίπεδα. Σε οικονομικό-τεχνολογικό, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ενεργειακό, γεωπολιτικό, ισορροπίες δυνάμεων, συμμαχίες. Ήταν ισχυρή acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of τόσο concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term που Based, έφτασε στο σημείο να διαλύσει την μοναδική υπερδύναμη, το 1 therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification χρηματοπιστωτικό της σύστημα και σαν αποτέλεσμα να φτάσει το παγκόσμιο 1 gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various χρηματοοικονομικό οικοδόμημα στα of όριά του. Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Χρειάστηκαν να γίνουν τεράστιες «ενέσεις χρήματος» σε συνεργασία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of μεταξύ των κυριότερων και μεγαλύτερων Κεντρικών Τραπεζών του Πλανήτηof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the προκειμένου να σταθεροποιηθεί η κατάσταση καιrising να ακολουθηθούν whatever other consequences has, results also of land pricesτακτικές (and the potential relative speculation). χρηματοοικονομικής μηχανικής, που ουδέποτε ως σήμερα είχαν χρησιμοποιηθεί. potential relative speculation). Theτο term gentrification foundοat στόχος first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to Προς παρόν φαίνεταιisisπως αποφευχθεί μιαand καταστροφή The term gentrification found atpeople first in να the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor ανυπολόγιστων διαστάσεων επετεύχθη, αλλά τα όσα property επώδυνα in γεγονότα τόσοof the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are στο οικονομικό όσο και στο γεωπολιτικό πεδίο ακολούθησαν, χάραξαν ανεξίτηλα London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. το παγκόσμιο γίγνεσθαι, τις μνήμες των ανθρώπων και τις ζωές τους. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this is included the work of Sociologist Μέσα σ αυτήν τηνphenomenon εποχή της δίνης και τηςinαναταραχής, αποτέλεσμαRuth της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major οποίας είναι η μεγαλύτερη Οικονομική Κρίση που γνώρισε ποτέ ο κόσμος μετά το GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. Κραχ in του 1929, θα επιχειρηθεί προσέγγιση τμήματος των μεταβολών που έχουν cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more επισυμβεί στο παγκόσμιο γίγνεσθαι. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Στο παρόν άρθρο πέραν ορισμένων καταγραφών και the δεδομένων, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, the και following: επιχειρείται όχιofμόνο ένα forecasting σε γεωπολιτικό οικονομικό επίπεδο, interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In aμία sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new of υπάρχουσων social groups αλλά επαναπροσέγγιση κυρίως στο ευρωπαϊκό πεδίο, των to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money γεωπολιτικών τάσεων και οικονομικών πτυχών. Οι βασικοί δρώντες του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereοιwork place lack of the συστήματος, γεωπολιτικού και οικονομικού, όπως Η.Π.Α, η is, Βρετανία, η 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town better Γερμανία. Μελετάται η γεωπολιτική σχέση Αμερικής καιcentres, Γερμανίας σε for διάφορα Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart the city”,movements (possibly) επίπεδα σύγκρουσης συμφερόντων, διογκώθηκαν καιof επιδεινώθηκαν μετάfor Youth Unemployment. The same year sheπου left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. την εκδήλωση της Κρίσης του 2008. Επίσης, γίνεται προσπάθεια αποτύπωσης studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and της τρέχουσας ευρύτερης οικονομικής παγκόσμιας κατάστασης και των University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying πιθανοτήτων εμφάνισης μιας νέας κρίσης που θα κλείσει πέρα από έναν her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, for the depreciation initially of part που of the urban web,τη in οικονομικό κύκλο πουetc., άνοιξε τοCo 2008 και έναν γεωπολιτικό άνοιξε μετά 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aλήξη variety ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually του Β’ofΠαγκοσμίου Πολέμου.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Λέξεις κλειδιά Παγκόσμια Οικονομική Κρίση 2008. Γεωπολιτική. Σχέσεις ΑμερικήςBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Γερμανίας και Ευρωζώνης. Target2. Εμπορικά πλεονάσματα. Ενεργειακή Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αυτονομία. Χρηματοπιστωτική Κρίση. Κεντρικές Τράπεζες. Νομισματική Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πολιτικη. FED. ECB. PBOC. BOJ. Brexit.ByBOE. ΝομισματικήC.επέκταση (Quantitative Student of the School ofπετρελαίου. Architecture Easing). Νομισματική σύσφιγξη (Quantitative tightening). Παραγωγή Technical University of Crete Τεχνολογία Σχιστόλιθου. Nord Stream 2. Ενεργειακή τροφοδοσία Ευρώπης. Ρωσία. Κίνα. Forecasting. Minsky the Moment. 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept Παγκόσμιo Χρέος. Αγορές. Χρηματοοικονομικοί κύκλοι. Επιχειρηματικοί κύκλοι. Αγορά Παραγώγων. 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Επόμενη Ύφεση. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Κεφάλαιο 1: acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Εισαγωγή-Η Κρίση του 1929 και η Κρίση του 2008 απαρχές 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification γεωπολιτικών(and μεταβολών και συγκρούσεων 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ο Κόσμος, 10 χρόνια μετά την λεγόμενη Μεγάλη Ύφεση του 2008, μια Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually low-income placement thereεισέρχεται, of artists, οικονομική Κρίση μεγέθους πουof συμβαίνει μία and φοράthe κάθε 100 χρόνια, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of αν δεν είναι ήδη, σεgalleries, μια επικίνδυνη μεταβατική χρονική περίοδο (Egan M.,of2014), the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising of land (and theof τόσο στο οικονομικό, όσο και στοhas, γεωπολιτικό πεδίο. Ειδικά, στονprices Δυτικό Κόσμο, whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising ofδυναμικών land prices (and the potential relative στην Υπερ-Ατλαντική Συμμαχία, διαφαίνεται μια απαρχή εξελίξεων potential relative speculation). term gentrification found at να firstφέρουν in the UK in early 1960s αντιπαλότητες and it refers to καιThe μετασχηματισμών πουisμπορούν στην επιφάνεια The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto που σημάδεψαν την Ευρώπη και την χάραξαν ανεξίτηλα στις αρχές του the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are προηγούμενου αιώνα. Με ορολογίες τύπου γεωπολιτικής, όπως ναυτικές καιof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old are being indirectly “squeezed”. χερσαίες δυνάμεις, μπορούμε να διακρίνουμε πωςthere εξυφαίνεται μιαresidents Συμμαχία being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth χερσαίων δυνάμεων vs ναυτικών δυνάμεων υπό συνθήκες ρήγματος στο δυτικό A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same while similar in other«Παλιά major κόσμο, οat οποίος διαιρείται στους Αγγλοσάξωνες και στην λεγόμενη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byδύναμη other Researchers. Ευρώπη» με προεξάρχουσα την Γερμανία η περίπτωση της οποίας θα cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more εξεταστεί ιδιαίτερα. Since then, the issue has severalΠόλεμο scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Η Κρίση του 1929 οδήγησε στον Β’ Παγκόσμιο και η καθεστηκυϊα comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various τάξη, που ορίζειof τον μας σήμερα έχει τις ρίζες της σύστημα, που όρισαν interpretations theκόσμο phenomenon of gentrification, theστο following: the phenomenon thecategory following: οιinterpretations τότε νικήτριες δυνάμεις, ο isαγγλοσαξωνικός (Richardson G., groups 2013). In a sense, theof phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend ofκόσμος a new of social Αντίστοιχα, και η Κρίση του 2008 δημιουργεί τις προϋποθέσεις για τριβές και to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money συγκρούσεις, ακόμα και μεταξύ συμμάχων σε διάφορα επίπεδα συμφερόντων. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS was born in Η Γερμανία, χώρα κλειδί για την ειρήνη και1912-1940. την σταθερότητα στηνfor Ευρώπη sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: και υπεύθυνη, επίσης, για δύοentertainment παγκοσμίους“at πολέμους στο services of health, education, the heart of απώτερο the city”, παρελθόν, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for είναι εκείνη που για άλλη μια φορά ενεργοποιεί τον μηχανισμό για να ξεκινήσουν lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, οιinεξελίξεις ευρωπαϊκό περίγυρο. Η Γερμανία ανέκαθεν σκέπτεται 1943 sheστον published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the According to ευρύτερο another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued social research. Herακολουθούσες public and με βάση το γερμανικό καιgroups, όπωςher διαφαίνεται από long-term informal effortimperium by organized manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αναφορές, προχωρεί σταθερά και βάσει initially σχεδίου γεωπολιτική της and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation ofστην part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: απελευθέρωση. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Κεφάλαιο 2: Εξέταση γεωπολιτικών συνθηκών και σύγκρουση συμφερόντων μεταξύ Γερμανίας και Η.Π.Α. Εξετάζοντας ειδικότερα την περίπτωση της γερμανικής εξωτερικής πολιτικής παρατηρείται πως στόχος της είναι η σε μακροχρόνια βάση ενδυνάμωσή της, σε σχέση με το ευρωπαϊκό της μέγεθος, γεγονός που θα την βοηθήσει να καταστεί μια πραγματικά ανεξάρτητη και κυρίαρχη χώρα τόσο σε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS οικονομικό και σε ενεργειακό και στρατιωτικό επίπεδο, κυρίαρχη στο εσωτερικό University, School7.400 of Design, Student, της, με αποχώρηση απόHarvard το έδαφός της Graduate των περίπου αμερικανών By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στρατιωτών οι οποίοι βρίσκονται εγκατεστημένοι σε στρατιωτικές βάσεις. Οι Student the School of Architecture βάσεις αυτές υπάρχουν εκεί για λόγους ασφαλείας τηςof Δυτικής Ευρώπης για τον Technical University of Crete από Ανατολάς Κίνδυνο (βλέπε Ρωσία και για τον έλεγχο της Γερμανίας μετά τη λήξη του Β’ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου) (Belkin, P., 2010). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept προϋποθέσεις για σταδιακή απομάκρυνση το άρμα των Ηνωμένων 1. Οι Introductory approach: Defining the conceptαπό ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -πολιτική 370 BC, Athens), Πολιτειών απαιτούν the ύπαρξη οικονομικής ισχύος, παγκόσμια επιρροή, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the άμεση πρόσβαση σε φθηνές πρώτες ύλες από χώρες εκτός της άμεσης επιρροής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. των αμερικανών και, κυρίως, χωρίς εδαφική διέλευση από τρίτες χώρες, που acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term δυνητικά μπορεί να δημιουργήσουν πρόβλημα απρόσκοπτης ροής, απεμπλοκή 1 Based, therefore, onστρατιωτικής this “principle” inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area ofτης Planning) (or gentrification αμυντική και (and ισχύος. Στην (in περίπτωση Γερμανίας 1ύπαρξη gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανεξαρτητοποίηση από την ηγεμονία των ΗΠΑ μπορεί να σημάνει σε τελικό Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), socialκαι groups, usuallyαπόκτησης of low-income and the placement there of artists, στάδιοof ακόμα την ανάγκη πυρηνικών όπλων (Woody, C., 2018). ways), social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.έχει However “change”,there regardless of Η of οικονομική στρατηγική παράμετρο διάφορα σκέλη: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofνα land prices (and the Μετά το τέλος του Β’ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου άρχισαν δημιουργούνται ταof whatever other consequences results rising of land prices (and potential relative speculation). γερμανικά αποθέματα χρυσού has, χάρη, στηνalso επαναβιομηχανοποίησή της. the Η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Γερμανία επανεπένδυε τα κέρδη της σε χρυσό και μέρος αυτών των αποθεμάτων The term gentrification found atλόγω first inτης the UK early 1960s and itareas refers the observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor ofto που then δημιούργησε, κατευθύνθηκαν τότεin Σοβιετικής Απειλής να the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are φυλάσσονται σε θησαυροφυλάκια στο Παρίσι, Λονδίνο και στη Νέα Υόρκη. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Η Γερμανία στo ζενίθ της Κρίσης Χρέους της ευρωζώνης το καλοκαίρι του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofτης Sociologist 2012 έλαβε την απόφαση επαναπατρισμού των αποθεμάτων σε χρυσόRuth από A description ofperiod, this is situations included theθεωρούν work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the same while similar were recorded in other major Γαλλία, at Αγγλία και ΗΠΑ.phenomenon Φαίνεται πως πλέον in δεν ότι υφίσταται GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, other Researchers. περίπτωση απειλής από τηνbyπλευρά της Ρωσίας (Jones, C., 2017). cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholarsχρυσού and forάρχισε its more Ενώ το πρόγραμμα επιστροφής τωνseveral αποθεμάτων να Since then, issue several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various εφαρμόζεται το the 2013 και has ήταν σε πλήρη εφαρμογή με προοπτική δεκαετίας, comprehensive approach areεσπευσμένα! being summarized from the various αποφασίστηκε ναthe ολοκληρωθεί Συγκεκριμένα, ολοκληρώθηκε τον interpretations of phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the thecategory following: Αύγουστο τουthe 2017 με phenomenon στόχο να συγκεντρωθεί Γερμανίας τουλάχιστον In a sense, phenomenon is ‘χει dueof togentrification, a trend of a εντός new of social groups το“return” 50% τωνtoαποθεμάτων της (Schiff, P., 2017). to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Γεγονός είναι πως πολλοί Οικονομολόγοι πως place είναι is, πιθανόν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown,θεωρούν where work lack ofστο the 1.of The term from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in προσεχές μέλλον ναdistributed ζήσουμε μια Ruth μεγάλη νομισματική κρίση, άρα ηfor κατοχή sense safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 και she published an important entitled: χρυσού σε περιόδους αστάθειας για Κράτη ως study σημαντική. services of health, education, entertainment “at ιδιώτες, the heartκρίνεται of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Επομένως, Γερμανία ακολουθεί μια πολιτική προκειμένου να θωρακιστεί η lower living costηof, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies andεδώ research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, ίδια απόsheτις συνέπειες μιας νομισματικής κρίσης απαραίτητο in According 1943 published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isέχοντας due aτο systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and αντίκρυσμα σε χρυσό εντός της χώρας της. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Ένα real άλλο σκέλος της οικονομικής στρατηγικής για of ενδυνάμωση, που and selling estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ακολούθησε η Γερμανία ήταν η Agenda 2010 του τότε Καγκελάριου της G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Γερμανίας Schroeder. Η Agenda 2010 προλείανε το έδαφος προκειμένου η Γερμανία από ασθενής της Ευρώπης στις αρχές του 2000 σε συνδυασμό με την εισαγωγή του ευρώ, να καταστεί η αδιαφιλονίκητη οικονομική υπερδύναμη της Ενωμένης Ευρώπης και να επιβάλλει την πολιτική της σε ολόκληρη την Ήπειρο (Funk, L., 2003). Αποτέλεσμα της Agenda 2010, κατά την οποία η Γερμανία έκανε αθέμιτο dumbing μισθών και διέλυσε την ανταγωνιστικότητα των υπολοίπων, αποτελούν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS τα θηριώδη πρωτογενή εμπορικά πλεονάσματα, τα οποία υπερβαίνουν κατά Harvard University, Graduate Schoolτου of Design, Student, πολύ το όριο που έχει προσδιορίσει η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή 6%. Κανείς δεν By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect έχει επιβάλλει καμία κύρωση ή επίπληξη στην Γερμανία, όπως προβλέπεται of the School of Architecture θεσμικά από την Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή, ότανStudent αυτό γίνει επί 3 συναπτά έτη. Η Technical University of Crete Γερμανία εμφανίζει εμπορικά πλεονάσματα άνω του 6% εδώ και αρκετά χρόνια (Wagner, R., 2019).approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory Μια άλλη πτυχή από την οποίαtheαναδεικνύονται και αποτυπώνονται 1. Introductory approach: concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, 370 BC, Athens), αναμφίβολα αυτές the οι οικονομικές ηγεμονικές τάσεις της - Γερμανίας και η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great ανισορροπία που προκαλεί η γιγάντωσή της, είναι το target2. Πρόκειται γιαthe το among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the content concepts. σύστημα ευρωπαϊκών πληρωμών, το οποίο έχει of φτάσει σε υψηλά υψηλών σε acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term liabilities έναντι της Γερμανίας, ξεπερνώντας το ανώτατο επίπεδο που 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notμέσα final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is the area Planning) (or gentrification παρατηρήθηκε(and κορύφωση της Κρίσης Χρέους στα τουof 2012 που ήταν 1στην gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various κοντά στα 750 δις ευρώ, όταν τον Σεπτέμβρη του 2019 ανήλθαν σε 915 δις ευρώ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, (European Central Bank-Eurosystem, 2019). ways), of social groups, usually ofκίνηση low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Πέραν αυτών μια επιπλέον ανεξαρτητοποίησης της Γερμανίας από the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also of land prices (and της theof την Αμερική στοconsequences οικονομικό σκέλος, είναι η rising πρόσφατη πρωτοβουλία whatever other consequences has, results also risingτραπεζικού of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Γερμανίας για δημιουργία ευρωπαϊκού ηλεκτρονικού συστήματος potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKενδιαφέρον in early 1960s it refersΤο to αντίστοιχου του SWIFT, για το οποίο εξεδήλωσε καιand η Ρωσία. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Αμερικάνικο χρηματοοικονομικό οικοδόμημα ισχύος στηρίζεται στο δολάριο, πουto the then observed trend wealthy people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus residents areof είναι το παγκόσμιο αποθεματικό νόμισμα, στις to συναλλαγές του old πετρελαίου που London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. γίνονται σε δολάρια, και στην τεράστια στρατιωτική ισχύ των ΗΠΑ, συμβατική being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon καιA πυρηνική (HellasJournal, 2018). is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΈνας description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included workτης of ενέργειας. Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were recorded in other major άλλος τομέας, που χρήζει εξέτασης είναιin ο the τομέας Πολύ GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. σημαντική για τις σχέσεις Γερμανίας Ρωσίας, ΗΠΑ, αλλά και για τις μελλοντικές cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, Ευρώπη the issueκαι has preoccupied several scholars and Καγκελαρίου for its more εξελίξεις στην στην Ευρωζώνη, ήταν η εποχή του Sinceκατά then,την the issue αποφασίστηκε has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the Shroeder οποία (πέρα από την Agenda 2010), πως η comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Γερμανία θα πρέπει στραφεί με of πιοgentrification, αποφασιστικά γοργά βήματα στο να interpretations of theνα phenomenon theκαι following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: αντλεί περισσότερη ρωσσική ενέργεια τηνofεξυπηρέτηση των ενεργειακών In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aγια trend a new of social groups αναγκών της. Αποφασίστηκε τότε το project ενός νέου αγωγού, του Nord to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Stream, φθάνει στην Γερμανία μέσω της Βαλτικής, παρακάμπτοντας and timeοtoοποίος travelθα from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes fromοποία Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth δυνητικά GLASS for wasνα born την 1. Πολωνία, χώρα την η Γερμανία θεωρεί πως centres, μπορεί τιςin sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δημιουργήσει προβλήματα χώρα διέλευσης τουheart τόσοofσημαντικού για την services of health, education,ωςentertainment “at the the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for θέρμανση/βιομηχανία της φυσικού αερίου . Ο Shroeder ως γνωστόν στη συνέχεια lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ανέλαβε σημαντικά πόστα, τόσο στοthe Board της GAZPROM και δύο χρόνια in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is due tobecame aπριν systematic and Universityεπίσης, College ηγετικό of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and ανέλαβε, στην έτερη ρωσική εταιρία ROSNEFT. Ηof πολιτική long-term informal effort ρόλο by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αυτή δημιουργεί ήδη etc., τριβές, τόσο εντός τηςinitially Ευρωπαϊκής τόσο στις and selling realCOLLINS estate, for the depreciation of partΈνωσης, of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σχέσεις με τις Η.Π.Α (Gurzu, A., 2018). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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Το 2015 αποφασίστηκε η επέκταση του νέου αγωγού με επιπλέον σωλήνες,που θα αυξάνουν την ποσότητα της παρεχόμενης ενέργειας. Με τον Nord Stream 2, (1225 km capacity 55 billion cubic meters of gas annually) η Γερμανία αποκτά επιπλέον πρόσβαση στη Ρωσσική ενέργεια χωρίς να εξαρτάται από ενδιάμεσους παράγοντες από τη στιγμή, που ο αγωγός θα ξεκινά από ρωσσικό έδαφος θα διασχίζει την Βαλτική Θάλασσα και θα καταλήγει σε γερμανικό έδαφος (Buck, T., 2018). Άρα αυτό φέρνει πιο κοντά γεωπολιτικά, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εμπορικά, πολιτικά, οικονομικά την Ρωσσία με την Γερμανία, και κατ’ επέκταση Harvard University,τις Graduate School πάγια of Design, Student, την Ευρώπη πράγμα, που δε συμφέρει ΗΠΑ καθώς στρατηγική Mr.τον George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect επιδίωξη είναι να μπορεί να έχει By υπό πλήρη γεωπολιτικό οικονομικό Student of the School of Architecture ενεργειακό έλεγχο την Ευρώπη,αν θέλει να διατηρήσει την Παγκόσμια Κυριαρχία Technical University of Crete της (Casimir Pulaski Foundation, 2018). Το Γερμανικόapproach: Κοινοβούλιο μόλις προ ολίγων ημερών κατήργησε το νομικό 1. Introductory Defining the concept εμπόδιο, το οποίο υπήρχε για να προχωρήσει το project. Ειδικότερα ενέκρινε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), νόμο για την ενέργεια, που αντίκειται σε ευρωπαϊκή νομοθεσία, η οποία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great απαγορεύει σε μια οντότητα να είναι ταυτόχρονα και παραγωγός the και among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the προμηθευτής φυσικού αερίου (βλέπε Gazprom), (RadioFreeEurope-RadioLiberty, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 2019). 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Tα γεωπολιτικά στρατηγικά σχέδια ενδυνάμωσης σε ευρωπαϊκό και 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various παγκόσμιο επίπεδο με στόχο την ανεξαρτητοποίηση της Γερμανίας δεν είναι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social low-income and there of artists, άγνωστα και δενgroups, έχουν usually περάσειof απαρατήρητα από the την placement αμερικανική διπλωματική ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of στρατηγική Σχολή σκέψης. Ήδη, εδώ καιetc. 15-20 χρόνια πριν γνωρίζουν μελετούν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also risingτης of νομισματικής land prices (and theof τα σενάριαother και γνωρίζουν άριστα τόσο για τα τρωτά ένωσης whatever other consequences has, results rising στην of land pricesαπό (andτην the potential relative της Ευρώπης και speculation). τις επιδιώξεις ηγεμονίας της also Γερμανίας Ευρώπη, potential relative speculation). The κερδίζει term gentrification is found at first UK in early and it refers to οποία μόνον εκείνη έναντι τωνin the υπολοίπων ως 1960s προκύπτει από το The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of παράδειγμα με τα εμπορικά πλεονάσματα. (Brzezinski, Z., 1997). the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Ήδη, προκύπτει ένας από τους στρατηγικούς στόχους της Αμερικής για να London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly διατηρήσει την“squeezed”. οικονομική και στρατιωτική της πρωτοκαθεδρία είναι να being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon includedως in the work of Sociologist Ruth μεγαλώσει το μερίδιό της στην αγορά isενέργειας παραγωγός (Riley, A., 2012). description ofperiod, thisτου phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workγίνονται, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while in other ΧάρηAστην τεχνολογία shale similar οι Η.Π.Α από εισαγωγέας όχι major μόνο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,αλλά by other Researchers.άμεσα να υποσκελίσουν τις παραγωγός ενέργειας, προβλέπεται cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has andαυτού for its μεγαλύτερες χώρες παραγωγούς (Meredith, S.,several 2018). scholars Αποτέλεσμα θαmore είναι Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andτην forρωσσική its more comprehensive approach being below, from the various η ροή ενέργειας προς την Ε.Εare η οποία θαsummarized μπορεί να υποκαταστήσει comprehensive approach are being summarized fromS.,the various ενέργεια, που θαofχρειαστεί να ανακατευθυνθεί προς την Ασία (Gross, 2018). interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon theηcategory following: εκ of παραλλήλου υπάρχει ότι Γερμανία πληρώνει In aΕπίσης, sense, the phenomenon is dueof toηgentrification, aκαταγγελία, trend of a new ofδεν social groups τους Λογαριασμούς της στο ΝΑΤΟ, διατηρώντας αμυντικούς προϋπολογισμούς to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money πολύtime κάτω του 2% ΑΕΠ της,to καθώς και where η απειλή οι is, ΗΠΑ θα and to travel fromτου the purlieus downtown, workότι place lackότι of the 1.of The term from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in επιβάλλουν δασμούς σταSociologist γερμανικά προϊόντα λόγω ανταγωνισμού. sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside townαθέμιτου centres, for Berlin, where ότι she οι made her first αποφέρουν studies. In 1932 important study Σημειωτέων, εξαγωγές γιαshe τηνpublished Γερμανία 50% του ΑΕΠentitled: της. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heartan ofτο the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Το τί θα σήμαινε σε περίπτωση ενός μικρού εμπορικού πολέμου μεταξύ Αμερικής lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where και Γερμανίας είναι προφανές. Επίσης, μέρος του In πολέμου διεξάγεται in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. 1950 sheπου teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a ήδη systematic and University College London, where she her social research.και Her πρόστιμα public and μεταξύ ΗΠΑ και of Γερμανίας, είναι ταcontinued προσεκτικά χτυπήματα που long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. επιβάλλονται στο δίκτυο της Deutsche Bank στις ΗΠΑ, αποτέλεσμα η μετοχή and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofμε part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: της να είναι στα επίπεδα των 6,5€. Αν αυτός ο τραπεζικός γίγαντας που είναι G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
συνυφασμένος με την γερμανική ισχύ και κύρος εμφανίσει ρωγμές και προβλήματα, τότε η ίδια η Γερμανία έχει πρόβλημα (Deutsche Welle, 2019). Έξ άλλης πλευράς, πρώτη προειδοποιητική βολή, αντίδραση του Αγγλοσαξωνικού κόσμου έναντι της Γερμανίας ήταν το Brexit. Σημαντικό μέρος της βρετανικής ελίτ και η Βασιλική Οικογένεια προώθησαν την ιδέα «Britain first»! (Woodcock, A., 2016). Η Ευρώπη με την αποχώρηση της Μ. Βρετανίας παύει να χει στοιχεία ναυτικής δύναμης και αποκτά στοιχεία περισσότερο Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS χερσαίας δύναμης. Η Ευρώπη, αργά ή By γρήγορα, είτε θα πρέπει να μετεξελιχθεί και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, να αποτελέσει μια περισσότερο ενιαία πολιτική και οικονομική οντότητα οπότε By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect δυνητικά θα γίνει γεωπολιτικός αντίπαλος των ΗΠΑ, είτε θα κατακερματιστεί Student of the School of Architecture στα εξόν συνετέθη. (Soete, L., 2011). of Crete Η Αμερική, αν χάσει γεωπολιτικά την Ευρώπη,Technical τότε αυτόUniversity θα σημάνει το τέλος της ως Υπερδύναμης, καθώς θα χάσει την πρωτοκαθεδρία στον Πλανήτη, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept και οικονομικά και στρατιωτικά. Ο χώροςthe τηςconcept Ευρώπης, της είναι απαραίτητος ως 1. Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek BC - 370από BC,την Athens), στρατηγικό βάθος ασφαλείας στην άλληphilosopher, πλευρά του (444 Ατλαντικού, οποία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the μπορεί να ελέγχει και να επηρεάζει άλλες στρατηγικές περιοχές και να αντλεί among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. στρατηγικά, οικονομικά και στρατιωτικά πλεονεκτήματα. Αυτό πολύ απλά acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term σημαίνει πως με κάθε τρόπο, με κάθε κόστος, θα προσπαθήσει να ανατρέψει 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on ανεξαρτητοποίηση this “principle” is inindicated a της first,Ευρώπης if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area Planning) (or gentrification αυτή την πορεία (ή of ειδικότερα της 1 (andτης gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Γερμανίας). (Brzezinski, Z., 1997). Ένα άλλο συζητούμενο είναι η Ευρώπη να Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social of low-income the placement there of artists, παραμείνει μεν groups, ημιτελήςusually και μικρή ως πολιτικήand οντότητα, δίχως να οδηγείται σε ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andΠολιτειών, thethis placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ένα κράτος ομοσπονδιακού τύπου Ηνωμένων αλλάthere μια of χαλαρή the operation ofconsequences art galleries, etc.also However “change”, whatever other results risingthis ofόπως landείναι prices (and theof ομοσπονδία κρατών, δηλαδή, restaurants, ναhas, παραμείνει τουλάχιστον ηregardless τρέχουσα whatever other consequences has, also rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). κατάσταση (παρά το θρυλούμενο ότιresults στις διεθνείς σχέσεις καιprices το ρου των potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first inστατικά the UK in 1960s and it refers to κρατών και της ιστορίας, ταisπράγματα μόνο δε early μένουν). The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Κεφάλαιο 3: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Εκτίμηση Οικονομικών Συνθηκών και Πολιτικής Κεντρικών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Τραπεζών και πιθανότητες νέας Ύφεσης AΣχεδόν description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theμια same while in other 10ετία μετά τοsimilar πέρας της τελευταίας Αναταραχής του major 2008 GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernμια countries, by other Researchers. αναδεικνύεται σειρά από παραγόντων, που συνθέτουν ένα νέο παζλ και μας cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars andΤο forBrexit, its more προσπορίζουν τις ενδείξεις για μια νέα επόμενη αναταραχή. το Since then, issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being και summarized below, from Παγκόσμιο Χρέος,the το οποίο διευρύνεται είναι σε μεγαλύτερα επίπεδα εκείνων comprehensive approach are being summarized from various του 2008, το τερατώδες εταιρικό και τραπεζικό χρέος της Κίνας, η the πτώση της interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations phenomenon following: ζήτησης αγαθών, ηthe αναιμική ανάπτυξη ηthe αλλαγή τηςofνομισματικής In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aστις trendΗ.Π.Α, of a new category social groups πολιτικής Κεντρικών Τραπεζών με τερματισμό των πολιτικών χαλάρωσης to “return”των to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και την εφαρμογή πολιτικών σύσφιξης και αύξησης επιτοκίων, συγκροτούν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of ένα the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in εκρηκτικό μείγμα. sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Σ where she her first studies. 1932ήshe published important studyκαι entitled: αυτή τη made νέα αναταραχή πουInαργά γρήγορα θαan έρθει, υπάρχει το services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ζήτημα επιβίωσης του ίδιου του ευρώ, καθώς παρά τα διαπιστωμένα lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where προβλήματα, λάθη και παραλείψεις στην αρχιτεκτονική του δεν in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due tobecame aνομίσματος, systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and έγιναν πολλά βήματα για να διορθωθούν. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συνεχίζεται… G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Η ανάγκη ύπαρξης καιTypes ο ρόλος της αγωγής στην GENTRIFICATION Definition, of πολιτικής Intervention, Ποινική δίκη στην Ελληνική έννομη τάξη σε αντιδιαστολή Types of intervention, of Gentrification μεDefinition, τονConcerns ρόλο των Δημοσίων κατηγόρων στο σύστημα ποινικής δικαιοσύνης της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας Concerns Του κ. Ορ. Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑ
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS LL.B., B.B.A., M.Sc. M.P.A. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Δικηγόρου, Διεθνολόγου, Οικονομολόγου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect και Student of the School of Architecture Technical of Crete Της κυρίας Αικατ. Π. University ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ
LL.B.
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1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Παρ’ Εφέταις 1. Introductory approach: the concept Δικηγόρου ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Όσον αφορά την ελληνική έννομη τάξη, η ύπαρξη του θεσμού της among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. πολιτικής αγωγής εδράζεται στηνtheθέση πωςifτο θύμα ενός acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content ofεγκλήματος, concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the και term αυτό που προσβλήθηκε άμεσα από το έγκλημα, δεν θα ήταν δίκαιο gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ορθό να μείνει εκτός της ποινικής διαδικασίας. Η φύση του θεσμού Sociology asποινικής well), as the “refining” ofτου a city area, removal fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theστην placement of είναι διττή, (συμμετοχή θύματος ποινική διαδικασία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries,της restaurants, etc. However “change”,(διεκδίκηση regardless of γιαoperation την υποστήριξη κατηγορίας) και this αστικής the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χρηματικής αποζημίωσης) μορφής. Ο also θεσμός αυτός αποτελεί τον whatever other consequences has, results rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). δίαυλο μέσω του οποίου ο παθών καθίσταται διάδικος της ποινικής potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to δίκης. Έργο του δικαστηρίου αποτελεί και η αναγνώριση του The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto εγκληματικού αδίκου που πραγματώθηκε βάρος τουold the then observed trend of wealthy people toσε buy property inαδικηθέντος, poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents areof London, upgrade them,θεσμού stay themselves sometimes there andπως thus old are ενώ απόρροια του αποτελεί το γεγονός ο residents πολιτικός being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ενάγων έχει πρωταρχικό σκοπό την δικαστική αναγνώριση της ενοχής description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar recorded in other major του Aκατηγορουμένου. Ο while ρόλος τουis situations πολιτικώς ενάγοντος οδηγεί στην GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernτης countries, by other Researchers. αναζήτηση ουσιαστικής αλήθειας μη μπορώντας να cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several and forμόνο its more υποκατασταθεί από μια απλή κλήτευση του scholars να καταθέσει ως Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from μάρτυρας κατηγορίας. Τοareθύμα, με την ιδιότητα του comprehensive approach being summarized from πολιτικώς the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: ενάγοντα, παρίσταται στις ανακριτικές πράξεις, και συμβάλλει είτε interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πριν είτε to καιtheκατά τη διάρκεια της for ποινικής δίκης στην καθοδήγηση to “return” city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money του δικαστικού οργάνου προς την αναζήτηση της αλήθειας. Αξίζει να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born σημειωθεί κατηγορούμενος απόsearch την for κρατική sense of safetyπως at theοdistributed residenciesπροστατεύεται outside town centres, betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) αυθαιρεσία μέσωeducation, του ελέγχου τηςleftουσιαστικής νομιμοποίησης και τηνfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she Germany and after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies andεκείνου research in Geneva, London and York she came back to London, αποβολή που δεν Prague, είναι άμεσα καιNew προσωπικά ζημιωθείς. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Όσον αφορά τηνwhere αστική μορφή her της φύσης του θεσμού της University informal College of London, she continued social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work areαγωγής, characterized by a passion for justice. See also: DICTIONARY. πολιτικής αυτή, δεν παύει να είναι μιαCOLLINS αγωγήENGLISH ενσωματωμένη and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στην ποινική δίκη ενώ σημειωτέο είναι πως ο δηλών παράστασης G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πολιτικής αγωγής που θα δηλώσει πως παρίσταται για ηθική βλάβη και για υποστήριξη της κατηγορίας, απλώς διευκρινίζει επιτρεπτά την περιεχόμενη στην παράσταση πολιτικής αγωγής προς αποζημίωση σε περίπτωση υλικής βλάβης ή προς χρηματική ικανοποίηση λόγω ηθικής βλάβης, υποστήριξη της κατηγορίας. Ο πολιτικός ενάγων, επιζητεί αναγνώριση του βασάνου του από τις δημόσιες αρχές και την απονομή Mr. George-Sp. C.ποινικό ATHANASOPOULOS της δικαιοσύνης προς όφελος τουByζητώντας από το δικαστήριο 1 Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, να του επιδικάσει αποζημίωση για τη ζημία που υπέστη . By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η συμμετοχή του πολιτικώς ενάγοντα στην ποινική δίκη, Student of the School of Architecture συμβάλλει επιπλέον στην επίτευξη πιο ολοκληρωμένης της Technicalδιάγνωσης University of Crete προσωπικότητας του κατηγορουμένου, στον εντοπισμό των 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept ψυχολογικών συνθηκών υπο τις the οποίες τελέστηκε το έγκλημα και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, τελικά σε μια πιο ολοκληρωμένη και πληρέστερη εκτίμηση του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the επιπέδου ευθύνης του κατηγορουμένου. among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Το επιχείρημα πως οwith σκοπός του πολιτικώς ενάγοντα στην acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ποινική δίκη είναιurban να του κατηγορουμένου 1 (and Based, therefore, on διασφαλίσει this “principle”την inindicated aκαταδίκη first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 ενισχύεται από το γεγονός πως το θύμα μπορεί να συμμετάσχει στην gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various ποινική δίκη χωρίς να αξιώσει αστική αποζημίωση αλλά και από το ότι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, ποσό που αξιώνει ως αποζημίωση είναι ελάχιστο επιφυλασσόμενος the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landτων prices (and theof του δικαιώματος να εισάγει την υπόθεση ενώπιον πολιτικών whatever other consequences has,μεγαλύτερη results also rising of land2prices (and the potential relative speculation). δικαστηρίων και να διεκδικήσει αποζημίωση . H ανωτέρω potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s refers to υποστηριζόμενη θέση επιβεβαιώνεται καιUK ενισχύεται απόand τοitγεγονός The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ότι KΠΔ αναγνωρίζει και αυτοτελές δικαίωμα παράστασης τουof the οthen observed trend wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are πολιτικώς ενάγοντος εφετείο προς there υποστήριξη της London, upgrade them, stayστο themselves sometimes and thus oldμόνο residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. κατηγορίας, όταν, μετά την πρωτόδικη αθώωση του κατηγορουμένου, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 3. την A έφεση έχει ασκήσει οwhile εισαγγελέας description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major έννομη τάξηbyηother οποία διέπει την Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, cities inΣτην Western countries, Researchers. cities in Western countries, byτης otherΚατηγορούσας Researchers. Since then,την the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more εντοπίζουμε ύπαρξη Αρχής (υπαγόμενη στη Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various δικαιοδοσία του Γενικού Εισαγγελέα), η οποία διευθύνεται είτε από comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon following: τους δικηγόρους οι οποίοιof gentrification, εργάζονται the στις εισαγγελίες του interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon togentrification, a trend ofενώπιον a new social groups Αστυνομικού Σώματος (μεis due παράσταση των ofΕπαρχιακών to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Ποινικών Δικαστηρίων) είτε από όσους είναι μέλη της Νομικής and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας (με Ruth παράσταση ενώπιον τωνsearch 1.of The term from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 1 in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and (ΕΔΔΑ – to Πρώτο τμήμα. Απόφαση της 11.02.2010 (Υπόθεση Συγγελίδης κατά Ελλάδας – University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and Προσφυγή αριθ. 24895/07). long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2 her work are characterized by aΑπόφαση passion for See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. (ΕΔΔΑ – Πρώτο τηςjustice. 11.02.2010 (Υπόθεση Συγγελίδης κατά Ελλάδας and selling real estate,τμήμα. etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in– 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Προσφυγή αριθ. 24895/07). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3 Α.Π (ΣΤ, ΠΟΙΝΙΚΟ) 1385/2010.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Κακουργιοδικείων και σε συγκεκριμένες περιπτώσεις και ενώπιον των Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Επαρχιακών Ποινικών Δικαστηρίων). By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Οι δημόσιοι κατήγοροι αποτελούν δημόσιες αρχές οι Architect οποίες Student of the School of Architecture ενεργούν για λογαριασμό της κοινωνίας, προσπαθώντας να επιτύχουν Technical University of Crete μια δίκαιη ισορροπία μεταξύ των συμφερόντων της κοινωνίας και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αυτών του ατόμου, διασφαλίζοντας την εφαρμογή του Νόμου, 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient προασπίζοντας τηνthe αρχή τηςGreek δίκαιης δίκης, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τόσο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the την αναγκαία αποτελεσματικότητα του συστήματος ποινικής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. δικαιοσύνης και τα δικαιώματα του ατόμου, όντες of ανεξάρτητοι, acquisition of όσο knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term 4. αμερόληπτοι και αντικειμενικοί 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) Στοasαντιπαραθετικό σύστημα της ακροαματικής gentrification indicated (in thefrom areathis, ofδιαδικασίας Planning) (or Sociology well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various εντοπίζουμε εν αρχή την κατηγορούσα αρχή να παρουσιάζει το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, μαρτυρικό υλικό πουusually διαθέτει καιetc. ναHowever εξετάζει τους μάρτυρες τους the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever results also rising of land prices (and theof οποίους ηother ίδια consequences κλητεύει, ενώhas, η ολοκλήρωση της κλήτευσης θα σημάνει whatever other consequences also risingηof land prices (and the potential relative speculation). την απόφαση του δικαστηρίουhas, γιαresults το καταπόσον Κατηγορούσα αρχή potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UKΣτην in early 1960s and it θετικής refers to δημιούργησε εκ πρώτης όψεως υπόθεση. περίπτωση The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor απάντησης, ο κατηγορούμενος καλείται απολογία και να the then observed trend wealthy people σε to there buy property in δύναται poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof κλητεύσει τους δικούς τουthemselves μάρτυρεςsometimes δίνονταςthere ο ίδιος μαρτυρία London, upgrade them, stay and ένορκη thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. το οποίο θα σημαίνει πως τόσο ο ίδιος όσο και οι μάρτυρες του θα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αντεξετασθούν από Κατηγορούσα Αρχή. Σεrecorded περίπτωση ο A description of thisτην phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in otherπου major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major κατηγορούμενος επιλέξει να προβεί σε ανωμοτί δήλωση από το cities in Western countries, by όμως other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,δεν the issue has several scholars and for itsΑρχή. more εδώλιο, τότε θα υποστεί αντεξέταση από την Κατηγορούσα Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Μετά το τέλος της ακροαματικής διαδικασίας και στην περίπτωση comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: καταδικαστικής απόφασης εκ of μέρους του δικαστηρίου τότε και μόνο interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups δίδεται η δυνατότητα στην υπεράσπιση να αγορεύσει με σκοπό τον to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μετριασμό της ποινής ενώ με την ολοκλήρωση και αυτής της and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the διαδικασίας δικαστήριο θα επιβάλλει την1912-1940. δέουσα ποινή. 1.of The termτο from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Από where she made her first studies.αντιληπτή In 1932 she published an important study entitled: τα παραπάνω γίνεται η διαφορά προσέγγισης της services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ποινικής σε Prague, ακόμα ένα σημαντικό πεδίο, από δύο εκ lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies andδιαδικασίας, research Geneva, London and Neweasier York she came to back toτα London, in According 1943 she αντίθετα published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the διαμέτρου νομικά συστήματα. to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 4 Νομική Yπηρεσία της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας, Αρχές Δεοντολογίας και Συμπεριφοράς των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Δημόσιων Κατηγόρων. Εκδ. Γραφείο τύπου και πληροφοριών.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, «Απόβαση» Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofΚυπρίων Gentrification Νέων Ελλήνων και Επιστημόνων και Φοιτητών στηνConcerns έδρα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης στις Βρυξέλλες
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Της κυρίας Μαρίας Θ. ΤΡΟΥΠΗ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Φοιτήτριας Εθνικ. και Καποδιστριακού By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αθηνών Student ofΠανεπιστημίου the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Με ιδιαίτερηapproach: επιτυχίαDefining ολοκληρώθηκαν οι εργασίες της 53ης Σειράς 1. Introductory the concept 1. Introductory approach: the Επιστημονικών Ημερίδων γιαDefining Έλληνες καιconcept Κύπριους Νέους και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - Επιστήμονες 370 BC, Athens), Φοιτητές, που ωργανώθηκαν στις Βρυξέλλες προ τινός, από Υπηρεσίες της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the Ευρωπαϊκής μεstarts επίδοση των Βεβαιώσεων Επιτυχούς Συμμετοχής acquisition of Ένωσης, knowledge with the of the content concepts. σε acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ειδική εκδήλωση στις τουthe Γραφείου τουofΕυρωπαϊκού Based, therefore, on αίθουσες this “principle” indefinition a first, ifΣυνδέσμου not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Κοινοβουλίου στηνurban Ελλάδα. gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Οι 47asΣυμμετασχόντες στις εν δραστηριότητες παρακολούθησαν Sociology well), as the “refining” of λόγω a city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there στις έδρες των οικείων Κοινοτικών Οργάνων στις Βρυξέλλες σειρά διαλέξεων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of Ευρωβουλευτών, Διπλωματών, Ανώτατων Διοικητικών Στελεχών,of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the Καθηγητών Πανεπιστημίου ποικίλλων ευρωπαϊκού whatever other consequencesκ.ά., has, επί results also risingθεμάτων of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ενδιαφέροντος. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atστις first νέες in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people toεγκαταστάσεις buy property inτου poor ofto Πέραν αυτών, ενημερώθηκαν ΝΑΤΟ από the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Ανώτατα Στελέχη του για τις δραστηριότητές του, καθώς και στην έδρα τηςof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Αντιπροσωπείας της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος για την εκεί αποστολή της. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon isηςincluded in the work of Sociologist Ruth Σειράς Ημερίδων είχεofορισθεί η κυρία Υπεύθυνη 53 is situations AΕπιστημονική description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileτης similar in other major Βασιλ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, Καθηγήτρια Επίκ. του Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Κοινωνικών καιthe Πολιτικών των Αθηνών καιand Σύμβουλος του cities in Western countries, byΕπιστημονικών other Researchers. Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars for its more Προγράμματος ο από ετών πρωτοπόρος εμπνευστής του Καθηγητής των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Πανεπιστημίων το οποίο εδρεύει στηνthe Πάφο της from Κύπρου του comprehensive approach are being summarized below, theκαι various interpretations ofΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, the phenomenon of gentrification, following: Εθν. Καποδ. Πανεπ. Αθηνών ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In aκαι sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toΚωνσταντίνος a trend of a new category of social groups συνεπικουρούμενοι επί του πρακτέου υπό του Φοιτητού της Ιατρικής to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inΣχολής money του time ΕΚΠΑtoκ.travel Μάριου ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ. and from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Την εκδήλωση παρακολούθησαν Πρυτάνεις, Καθηγητές Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,Εκπρόσωποι education, entertainment “at Συλλόγων, the heart ofοι theΣυμμετασχόντες, city”,movements (possibly)for Πανεπιστημίων, Επιστημονικών Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where andτους research Geneva, Prague,μηνύματα London and New York sheανέγνωσε came back to οιstudies Γονείς κ.ά.,in ενώ σχετικά τα οποία ο London, κ. Μάριος in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΣ, απέστειλαν οwhere επί κεφαλής τηςher Αντιπροσωπείας της Εκκλησίας University informal College of London, she continued social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying της στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΣ και ο Καθηγητής Επ. του her Ελλάδος work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πανεπιστημίου Βόννης, τ. Ανώτατο Στέλεχος της Επιτροπής κ. Θεόδ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, REPRÉSENTATION DE L’ ÉGLISE DE GRÈCE Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification AUPRÈS DE L’UNION EUROPÉENNE Concerns Το μήνυμα του κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ έχει ως εξής:
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Κυρία ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, Κύριε ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΕ, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Φίλοι, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Αγαπητοί Συνέλληνες, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με την ευκαιρία της σημερινήςByσύναξής Σας επικοινωνώ μαζί Σας για να of the of Architecture Σας στείλω τους χαιρετισμούς και τις ευχές μουStudent να ζήσετε καιSchool να εργασθείτε όλοι Technical University of με δημιουργικότητα και με υγεία, πάντα με την υπομονή και επιμονή Crete που χρειάζεστε σ’ένα κόσμο, στον οποίον οι καλές προθέσεις, τις οποίες χαρακτηρίζει 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept η τιμιότητα και η υπεράσπιση αξιών δεν δυστυχώς, για να επιτύχει 1. Introductory approach: the αρκούν, concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), κανείς ένα αειφόρο the αποτέλεσμα. Αιώνες τώρα όσοι έχουμε απομείνει πιστοί ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great επικαλούμαστε τον Θεό να συμπαρασταθεί στον αγώνα τιμίων ανθρώπων καιthe να among otherknowledge wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition starts with of the content concepts. the ευοδωθούνof προσπάθειες που διεξάγονται για το καλό όλων. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, term Στο therefore, Ευαγγέλιοon κατά Ματθαίον (10,16) υπάρχει η προτροπή να the είμαστε 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification έξυπνοι, δηλαδή να μην είμαστε απερίσκεπτοι και έτσι μας πληγώνουν με ευκολία 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various οι κακόβουλοι. Ταυτόχρονα να είμαστε ακέραιοι και ακίνδυνοι όπως τα Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usually of low-income and the και placement there of artists, περιστέρια, για groups, να μην αντιδρούμε με εκδικητικότητα βιαιότητα απέναντι σε ways), of social groups, usually ofπάθη, low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. this “change”, regardless of όσους μας αδικούν. Τα ανθρώπινα πουHowever πάντα υπάρχουν, καταπολεμούνται the operation ofconsequences art galleries,όχι restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof με πραότητα και αγαθοσύνη, με εμπάθεια. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,στην results also rising landΒρυξέλλες, prices (and the potential Το relative Πρόγραμμα Επισκέψεων έδρα της Ε.Ε.,ofστις που potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found οatαγαπητός first in theΚαθηγητής UK in earlyκ.1960s and it refers to δεκαετίες τώρα οργάνωνε isπρώτα ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and Το itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto και συνεχίζει επάξια η κ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ, αγκάλιασα με όλη μου την καρδιά. έκανα the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are γιατί ως σύγχρονος Έλληνας δεν μπορώ να αντικρίσω το μέλλον της χώρας μαςof London, upgrade them, stay themselves there andναthus old residents are being indirectly ανεξάρτητα από“squeezed”. την Ευρώπη. Αυτή τηνsometimes Ευρώπη επιθυμώ γνωρίσετε, με τα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this να phenomenon is included theκακά workτης of Sociologist Ruth καλά της που πρέπει διαφυλαχθούν και μεinτα που πρέπει να A description ofperiod, thisόμως phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theΔεν same while similar were in other major διορθωθούν. είναι αυτονόητο, ότι αυτόin γίνεται αμέσως κατανοητό. GLASS atγνώση, the same similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. Χρειάζεται τηνperiod, οποίαν εν μέρει παρέχει το Πρόγραμμα των in Επισκέψεων cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. then,και theοιissue has preoccupied στιςSince Βρυξέλλες συναφείς δράσεις Σας. several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Αγαπητοί, comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Υπάρχει of έναthe γνωμικό που λέει, ότι η κοινωνία ελπιδοφόρο μέλλον, interpretations phenomenon of gentrification, theέχει following: interpretations the of thecategory following: όταν μεγαλύτερα σεphenomenon ηλικία is μέλη στη σκιά των οποίων In τα a sense, theof phenomenon dueτης togentrification, aφυτεύουν trend of aδένδρα new of social groups δεν θα προλάβουν τα ίδια να καθίσουν. Αυτό σημαίνει, ότι χρειαζόμαστε όραμα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money και η ενωμένη Ευρώπη κτίσθηκε από ανθρώπους που είχαν όραμα. Γι αυτό καιthe η and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born Ευρώπη σήμερα μπορεί 70 χρόνια μετά την ίδρυσή τηςcentres, να φωτίζει sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town searchμεforακτίνες betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: φωτός ένα κόσμο που γίνεται ολοένα σκοτεινότερος. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ηand Αντιπροσωπεία της Prague, Εκκλησίας τηςand Ελλάδος στην ΕΕ που οργάνωσα και lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private car access to markets, etc.where studies research Geneva, London Neweasier York she came back to London, διευθύνω εδώ είκοσι χρόνια παρακολουθεί τις1950 εξελίξεις με in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In sheto became teacher in the toκαι another approach, the isευρωπαϊκές due a systematic and Universityτον College of London, where she continued her social Her public and γνώμονα σεβασμό στο ανθρώπινο πρόσωπο και research. στόχο ναbrokers αναδεικνύονται long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. στις αποφάσεις των Θεσμικών Οργάνων της Ευρώπης αξίες ηurban αλληλεγγύη, and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of partόπως of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: η δικαιοσύνη και η ισότητα για όλους. Το κύριο μέσον που χρησιμοποιούμε για G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
την επιτυχία της αποστολής μας είναι ο διάλογος. Αυτόν τον διάλογο Σας ενθαρρύνω να αναλάβετε με γνώση και να μην σταματήσετε ποτέ να διεξάγετε με κατανόηση που θα καλλιεργείτε ακούραστα. Αναλάβετε την διεξαγωγή του διαλόγου ως προσωπική σταυροφορία, με την πίστη, ότι με αυτόν μπορεί να μείνει άσβεστη η ελπίδα ότι η ειρήνη, η ασφάλεια και η ευημερία που όλοι δικαιούμαστε να γευόμαστε θα επικρατήσει ενδεχομένως παντού.
By Mr.+Ο George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Μητροπολίτης Αχαΐας ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΣ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Byέχει Mr. ως George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Το μήνυμα του κ. Θ. ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΥ, εξής: Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Δρ Θεόδωρος ΚΑΛΛΙΑΝΟΣ
Επ. Καθηγητής Ευρωπαϊκής Ολοκληρώσεως 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Παν/μίου Βόννης, Πρ. Ανωτ. Στέλεχος της Ε.Ε. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Εκλεκτοί και αγαπητοί φίλοι, among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Επιτρέψτε μου να Σας συγχαρώ, για την συμμετοχή Σας, στις διεξαχθείσες among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. Επιστημονικές Ημερίδες τρ. έτ.with στιςthe Βρυξέλλες. πλαίσιο του εξαιρετικού acquisition of knowledge starts of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, ifΣτο not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban αυτού Προγράμματός περιελαμβάνονταν, και Based, therefore, onΣας, this “principle” is inindicated a first,επισκέψεις if (in notthe final, approach, theμετά term gentrification) area of ομιλίες, Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and διαλόγου, έδρες των Ευρωπαϊκών Οργάνων Διπλωματικών gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in theκαι areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology asστις well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from (in various Αντιπροσωπειών. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Είχα την να συμμετάσχω ενεργά στο ως there Ομιλητής, μία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andΠρόγραμμα thethis placement of artists, the operation of τιμή art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ιδιότητα με την οποία με τιμά εδώ και πολλά χρόνια ο εμπνευστής και the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof πρωτεργάτης των Ημερίδων has, αυτών, Καθηγητής Κωνσταντίνος whatever other consequences results also risingκ.of land prices (andΓΕ. the potential relative speculation). ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. Η πρωτοβουλία αυτή απετέλεσε μια ξεχωριστή διαδρομή στο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Ευρωπαϊκό γίγνεσθαι, γεγονός για at τοpeople οποίο εβραβεύθη σε 1960s ειδική τελετή στις The term gentrification found first in the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto Βρυξέλλες ο Καθηγητής κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, με την ευρωπαϊκή διάκριση PRIX the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof EUROPEEN DES“squeezed”. DOUZE London, upgrade them,ETOILES. stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly Τη διαδρομή αυτή των Ευρωπαϊκών Ημερίδων Ruth στις being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is includedΕπιστημονικών in the work of Sociologist Βρυξέλλες συνεχίζει επαξίως, η Καθηγήτρια κυρία ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Σήμερα ημέρα απονομής των Βεβαιώσεων Συμμετοχής στιςinπρόσφατες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Επιστημονικές Ημερίδες δενby κατέστη δυνατό να μοιραστώ μαζί Σας, την ωραία cities in Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more αυτήSince εμπειρία, στις αίθουσες του Συνδέσμουseveral Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe for various its στην more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Ελλάδα. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Έχοντας όμως σκέψη μου κοντά Σας θέλω να Σας διαβεβαιώσω, ότι η interpretations theτηphenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εμπειρία και η γνώση, καθώς και η δικτύωση που αποκτήσατε, ενισχύει to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money σημαντικά τα «φτερά» των προσπαθειών σας, για προσωπική βελτίωση και and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the επαγγελματική πρόοδο. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, πρόοδο, σεherμια κοινωνίας και κοινωνικής Berlin,Μια where she made firstΕυρώπη studies. Inτης 1932ανοιχτής she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The που same επιβιώνει year she leftειρηνικά Germany και and after continuous οικονομίας της αγοράς, ελέγχει τελικά, τις όποιεςfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.που studies and research Prague, London and Newσυνεργασίας York she came back London, where κρίσεις της, εντόςin Geneva, πνεύματος αλληλεγγύης, και toαξιών, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and διαμορφώνονται, δημοκρατικά από τους Πολίτες της δηλαδή από εμάς. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Εσείς οι Νέοι, οιbyΕπιστήμονες Ελληνες και COLLINS Κύπριοι,ENGLISH και ταυτόχρονα her work are characterized a passion for justice. See also: DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Encyclopedia: Ευρωπαίοι, ενεργοί Πολίτες της Ε.Ε., είσαστε η εγγύηση, για Free ένα καλύτερο Gentrification: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aειρηνικό variety αύριο, of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, (actually εμπνεόμενο από Ευρωπαϊκές Αξίες, και“voluntary”, πραγματικότητες που
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μοιραζόμαστε και συνδιαμορφώνουμε και οι οποίες - εύχομαι και ελπίζω - να αποτελούν «πυξίδα» της πορείας μας και κοινή μας αναφορά. Η πρόσφατη πρωτοβουλία της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής, για την δημιουργία «Ευρωπαϊκών Πανεπιστημίων», βασίζεται μεταξύ άλλων στις θετικές εντυπώσεις και εμπειρίες, διαφόρων Πρωτοβουλιών και Προγραμμάτων, όπως εκείνο το οποίο ολοκληρώνεται με την σημερινή εκδήλωση. Θερμά Συγχαρητήρια σε όλους Σας και Καλή Επιτυχία!
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
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Εκ των λοιπών παρισταμένων ωμίλησαν οι εξής: School of Design, Student, Harvard University, Graduate Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Ο Εκπρόσωπος του Γραφείου By Συνδέσμου του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου Architect Studentανεφέρθη of the School Architecture στην Ελλάδα κ. Άγγελος ΚΑΠΕΤΑΝΙΔΗΣ, ο οποίος στηνof πολυσχιδή Technical University of Crete αποστολή του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και επήνεσε τους υπευθύνους της πρωτοβουλίας. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, Ο Αν. Πρύτανηςthe Διεθνών και Δημοσίων Σχέσεων, Διασφάλισης Ποιότητας, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCΚαθηγητής -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he leftτου us,Ιονίου he established a great the Έρευναςother και Δια βίου Εκπαίδευσης Πανεπιστημίου, Ιωσήφ among other heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. the ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ, ο wise οποίος είπε τα εξής: acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Αξιότιμη κ. Δεληθέου, 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Αξιότιμε κ. Αθανασόπουλε, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aφοιτητές, city area, the removal from this, (in various Αγαπητές φοιτήτριες, αγαπητοί Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various Αγαπητές φίλες - usually αγαπητοί ways), of social groups, of φίλοι, low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, Σε μία εκδήλωση σαν την σημερινήetc. είναι απαραίτητο να τονιστεί η σημασία the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless της συνεχούς καιconsequences εις βάθος ενημέρωσης και μελέτης τωνof ευρωπαϊκών whatever other has, results also rising land pricesεξελίξεων, (and theof whatever other consequences has, results rising αυτό of land pricesΘα(and the δεδομένης της συμμετοχής της χώρας στον also σημαντικό θεσμό. ήταν, potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). επίσης, αναμενόμενο ο ομιλητής ναatαναφερθεί σειρά1960s από ζητήματα, που The term gentrification is found first in the σε UKμία in early and it refers to The term gentrification found firstεκπαίδευση in the UK in early and itareas refers θεωρούνται εξαιρετικά σημαντικά γιαatτην και την 1960s πρόοδο των νέων.ofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas Πιοupgrade συγκεκριμένα: London, them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, themselvesυψηλής sometimes there andεκπαιδευτικών thus old residentsκαι are Η εξέλιξη και ηstay εδραίωση ποιότητας being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. ερευνητικών ιδρυμάτων και οι συνέργειες στην περιοχή των Βαλκανίων, της A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisκαι phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work χώρου, of Sociologist Ruth ευρύτερης Μεσογείου γενικότερα του Ευρωπαϊκού ώστε να GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major εδραιωθούν ως φορείς έρευνας, αριστείας, καινοτομίας και μάθησης με ενεργό cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. και ουσιαστική στον παγκόσμιο χώρο έρευνας. Since then, συμμετοχή the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more Η σύνδεση με την αγορά εργασίας και τον παραγωγικό ιστό. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Ο καταλυτικός που πρέπει να έχουν τα the ιδρύματα αυτά στις τοπικές interpretations of the ρόλος, phenomenon of gentrification, following: κοινωνίες καιthe κατ’ επέκταση και πέραν ως χώρος και interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a των trendσυνόρων, of a new ofδιαλόγου social groups παραγωγής τεκμηριωμένων προτάσεων για τα μεγάλα πολιτικά, οικονομικά, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money πολιτιστικά και κοινωνικά της εποχής. and time to travel from the προβλήματα purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Αναμφίβολα πρόκειται για το ζητούμενο των centres, καιρών. Αλλά for θαbetter μουin 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town Berlin, where she made her firstτην studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: επιτρέψετε να μην συνεχίσω ομιλία αναλύοντας τα αναφερθέντα. Αντ’ αυτού services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The πρωτίστως same year she left νέες Germany and after continuous θα ήθελα ναcost απευθυνθώ στις και τους νέους μας διατυπώνοντας lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, μερικές in According 1943σκέψεις. she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Η πραγματική πνευματική πρόοδος και her η manufacturers, αληθινή Σοφία δεν είναιofδυνατόν University College of London, where she continued social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, brokers buying herμετρηθούν work are characterized byτεχνολογικούς a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. να με δείκτες ή οικονομικούς. Ας μην ξεχνάμε ότι το and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: μέλλον ανήκει σε εκείνους που υπερβαίνουν τους περιορισμούς, που χτίζει με G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually αγωνία ο χρόνος και παραδίδεται σε εκείνους που με τα πανιά της ενόρασης
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αρμενίζουν στον ωκεανό της αιωνιότητας. Κάθε όραμα είναι στην ουσία μια συνεχής πρόκληση στις άπειρες δυνατότητες και εκδοχές της δημιουργίας. Και ταυτοχρόνως προβάλει από την ίδια του την φύση μια ποιότητα αναπαραγωγής. Για να υλοποιηθεί όμως το όραμα, πρέπει να είναι ικανό να συγκινήσει και να ερεθίσει την αρχέγονη μήτρα. Και εδώ ακριβώς είναι που θα ξεχωρίσουν οι ονειροπόλοι από τους οραματιστές. Το όνειρο φέρει το στίγμα του υποκειμενικού. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Το Όραμα - με κεφαλαίο όμικρον - φέρει την ιερή σφραγίδα της Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Υπέρβασης. By Mr. σε George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Με βάση τα παραπάνω οδηγούμαστε δύο αντιλήψεις του κόσμου. Student School Architecture Η πρώτη αντίληψη βαρύνεται από την θολήof the θέαση καιofτο πνεύμα Technical University Crete δυσκολεύεται να διακρίνει την ουσία και μαγνητίζεται από τις μορφές. Αργάofαλλά σταθερά συστέλλεται, το διακατέχει η concept απομόνωση, η αβεβαιότητα και η 1. Introductory approach: Defining the καχυποψία. Το πνεύμα περιορίζεται και κατακερματίζοντας τον χώρο, τοποθετεί 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancient 370ροπές BC, Athens), επιγραφές και ονόματα επάνω Greek στα πράγματα αναλόγως με - τις και τις ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the εμπειρίες του. Όπως αναφέρει ο Επίκτητος: ταράσσει ανθρώπους ου τα πράγματα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. αυτά, αλλά τα περί των πραγμάτων δόγματα. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Η δεύτερη αντίληψη μας οδηγεί στην υπερβατική, θα έλεγα, σύλληψη των 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification αντιθέτων. Μας(and οδηγεί στον πυρήνα των is πραγμάτων, συμφιλιώνεται με το Όλον 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various χωρίς να ξεχνά το επιμέρους, φωτίζει την θέαση του κόσμου και ισορροπεί Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of ανάμεσα social groups, usually και of low-income the placement artists, επιδέξια στο σχετικό το απόλυτο,and χωρίς όμως ποτέ there να ταofσυγχέει. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of the operation of art galleries, etc. However “change”, regardless of Διαπλέοντας τον ωκεανό τηςrestaurants, ανθρώπινης περιπέτειας και έχοντας there κατά νουartists, την the operation art galleries,ας restaurants, etc. However this “change”, whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofΤίμαιου, land prices theof Υπέρβαση που of προανέφερα, θυμηθούμε τα λόγια του ότιregardless το(and πνεύμα whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). προτιμά τις κορυφές. potential relative speculation). TheΚαταλήγοντας term gentrification is found at first in πιστεύω the UK inότι early 1960s it refersθα to στα καθ’ ημάς, διότι ήδη σαςand κούρασα, The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of ήθελα να σας υπενθυμίσω ότι η μαθητεία δεν τελειώνει ποτέ, αεί διδασκόμενος,to the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof έλεγαν. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Όπως αναφέρεται από τον Κικέρωνα ο όρος civitas περιγράφει το being indirectly “squeezed”. A description thiscives, phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κοινωνικό σώμα of των των πολιτών, οι οποίοι διατελούν υπό τους ίδιους A description ofperiod, thisλόγω phenomenon is situations includedτους, inwere theέκαστος work ofέναντι Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while recorded in other major νόμους έχοντας ευθύνες τηςsimilar πολιτειότητάς όλων. Σας GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other προτρέπω σε κάθε πράξη του βίου Researchers. σας να μην αμελείτε το κοινωνικό καθήκον. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherτης Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars and for its more Αποτελεί πάντοτε, νομίζω, την αρχή λύσηςseveral των ζητημάτων. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more comprehensive approach being summarized below, from various Και τέλος, μία σύντομηare αναφορά στην κρίση, που ακούμε καιthe διαβάζουμε comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συνεχώς. Η σύγχρονη χρήση του ofόρου αναφέρεται αμφισβήτηση των interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the στην following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: παραδεδομένων αξιών και την αναγνώριση της πρόσκαιρης δυσλειτουργίας λ.χ. η In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups πολιτική, οικονομική, Στηνin αρχαία to “return”θεσμική, to the city, leaving theκλιματική, purlieus forμεταναστευτική several reasons:κρίση. high costs money διανόηση η κρίσις αφορά την δυνατότητα ορθολογικής επιλογής. and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in Είτε, λοιπόν, την συνέχιση των1912-1940. σπουδών σας search σε υψηλότερες sense1.of safety atcomes the επιλέξετε distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: βαθμίδες,ofείτε επιλέξετε την διαδικασία εύρεσης έχετε δύσκολη και services health, education, entertainment “at εργασίας, the heart of the μία city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for πιθανώς ομιχλώδη διαδρομή μπροστά σας, όμως ευτυχώς έχετε την νεανική lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where ορμή, το she σφρίγος αλλάstudies καιapproach, τον χρόνοthe να υποδείξετε, και in According 1943 published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In να 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another isεπαναπροσδιορίσετε due a systematic and University College ofτις London, where she continued social research. Her public and να δημιουργήσετε προϋποθέσεις, πουgroups, εσείςher θεωρείτε αναγκαίες, όπως απαιτεί long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ηher πληρότητα μιας ολοκληρωμένης στάσης ζωής.initially and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Η κρίση που υφιστάμεθα δεν είναι μόνο οικονομική, αλλά κυρίως πείσμων G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical of Crete και τυφλή άρνηση των κανόνων της ηθικής και κοινωνικής μαςUniversity συμπεριφοράς,
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όπως υπαινίχθηκα προηγουμένως. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Σας εύχομαι ναapproach: το αναγνωρίσετε και ναconcept το αλλάξετε. 1. Introductory Defining the ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), Διαλέξτε τον δρόμο σας με θάρρος, σύνεση και καθαρότητα του νου. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Συγχαρητήρια και among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Καλή επιτυχία σε ό,τι επιλέξετε! acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) of Planning) (or gentrification Ο Ομότιμος Καθηγητής της ΙατρικήςisΣχολής Αθηνών κ. area Γεώργιος ΤΡΟΥΠΗΣ, 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various ο οποίος επήνεσε όσους έλαβαν μέρος στις σχετικές δραστηριότητες για την Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the υπευθυνότητά placement there of artists, φιλομάθειά τους, την εργατικότητά τους, αλλά and και την τους. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andΑθηνών thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However “change”, regardless of Ο Διευθυντής Τομέα restaurants, της Ιατρικήςetc. Σχολής Καθηγητής κ. Θεόδ. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the ΤΡΟΥΠΗΣ, ο οποίος παρώτρυνε τους νέους να αναζητούν την μέγιστη δυνατή whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). ενημέρωσή τους επί των τρεχουσών κοινοτικών υποθέσεων. potential relative TheΥπό term gentrification found atεπίσης first in οthe in early 1960s and refers to το αυτό speculation). πνεύμα is ωμίλησαν κ. UK Π. - Γρ. ΣΜΙΓΑΔΗΣ, ο τ. itΠρόεδρος The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas του Δικηγορικού Συλλόγου Πάφου κ. Ιωάν. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑ και η Δήμαρχος the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Αμφίκλειας Ελάτειας κυρία Αθανασία ΣΤΙΒΑΚΤΗ. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Εξ άλλης πλευράς, σύντομες προσλαλιές απηύθυναν η κυρία ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΥ being indirectly “squeezed”. of this phenomenonΟis τελευταίος included in the of Sociologist Ruth καιAοdescription κ. Κ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. ως work εμπνευστής της δράσης A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other καταφανώς συγκινημένος ανέφερε, ότιisείναι ευτυχής διότι μίαofκοινή ιδέαmajor ιδική GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other του και του αειμνήστου Πατέρα τουResearchers. Γεωργίου Κ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ ευτύχησε να cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, issue scholars for its more έχει τέτοια καλήthe τύχη και has μακροβιότητα και several εκατοντάδες Νέοιand Επιστήμονες και Since να then, the issue scholars andthe forγια its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various Φοιτητές μπορούν να has ενημερώνονται επίseveral τόπουbelow, στις Βρυξέλλες όσα comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon ofΑνθρώπους. gentrification, thebelow, following: αποφασίζονται εκεί για εκατομμύρια interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In aΠέραν sense,αυτών, theof phenomenon is due to a trend ofτου a new of social groups ευχαρίστησε τηνof Διεύθυνση Συνδέσμου του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στην Ελλάδα φιλοξενία της εκδήλωσης σταcosts Γραφεία του to “return” to the city, leavingγια theτην purlieus for several reasons: high in money και time τους to Γονείς γιαtoτην εμπιστοσύνη επιτρέψουν and travelτων fromΦοιτητών the purlieus downtown, whereτους workναplace is, lack ofστα the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in τέκνα τους να συμμετάσχουν μαζί του στιςGLASS, σχετικές δραστηριότητες. sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,Μετά whereτην she επίδοση made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: από entertainment τους προλαλήσαντες των Βεβαιώσεων services of health, education, “at the heart of the city”, επιτυχούς (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συμμετοχής καιof,σχετικών συστατικών επιστολών, επακολούθησε δεξίωση, lower living cost “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and Neweasier York she came to back to London, προσφερθείσα υπό των Καθηγητών της δράσης. in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social Her public and Τέλος, σημειώνεται, ότι οι Συμμετασχόντες στην research. σχετική brokers δράση πλήρωσαν long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. εξher ιδίων τις σχετικές δαπάνες συμμετοχήςinitially τους, των Πανεπιστημίων and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part12 of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: προέλευσής τους μη καταβαλλόντων ούτε την αξία ενός γεύματος… G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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EU Nuclear Energy Policyof Perspectives for Thorium GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification By Francesco Michele Dicearco MANTI Concerns Introduction: the myth of zero By impact Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS The availability orHarvard absenceUniversity, of resources has School alwaysofbeen a factor of Graduate Design, Student, overwhelming importance in all ages, from the dawn of time to the present By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student ofunder the School day. Nowadays, many movements have imposed theirof Architecture aegis the Technical University Crete reduction of the anthropic impact on the ecosystem as their main ofduty. Unfortunately, the claim that man can reduce his ecological impact to zero is 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept seen1.as rather utopic, considering howthe theconcept presence of the human being has Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, shaped our Planet. In fact, recently the concept of(444 Anthropocene hasAthens), gained ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the more and more scientific support. It was first used to simply identify the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. human impact on nature, it has though been increasingly proposed as its own acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term geological epoch, contraposed to the Holocene. However, this does not mean 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) gentrification that it is not possible to find effective ways of reducing impact. When(or it 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (inhuman thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal this, (in various comes to energy, the main issue is that it is produced from something that is Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement cheap, easily available, manageable, safe, abundant and clean. there To date, the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of alternatives are essentially: fossil fuels, renewable sources and nuclear power. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof Although fossil are relatively inexpensive, manageable relatively whatever otherfuels consequences has, results also rising of land and prices (and the potential relative speculation). safe, theyrelative present numerous environmental and reservoir problems. potential speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Renewables are available, safe, clean, abundant but they absolutely The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early are 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofis wealthy to buy property innot poor 1). Nuclear power is available, plentiful, cheap on a large scale (at least for now the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof cheap butupgrade it is problematic terms of environment andand safety. must be said London, them, stayinthemselves sometimes there thusItold residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. that the potential alternatives to these sources are many, according to some being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth greatA scientists such as phenomenon thewhile Italian Nobel Prize Lauriat Carlo of description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere the recorded work of Rubbia, Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same similar in otherone major these could be Thorium or energy production based on nuclear fusion. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Thorium-based power haveResearchers. a technology similar to cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issueplants has several scholars andthe forcanonical its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forUranium its more thermonuclear power plants, the variant being the substitution of comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the with the so-called "molten salts"; of while nuclear fusion, mainly leaded various by the interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, the following: interpretations of thecalled phenomenon of the following: international project ITER, tries reproduce on Earth the mechanism In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, ato trend of a new category of social groups present inside stars. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term from Sociologist Ruthenergy GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in 1. The current state of nuclear sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin,1.1 where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: factor of autonomy for the continent services ofAhealth, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for The main motivation of the Member that have initiated nuclear lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London andStates Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943programs she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and power is the timeless struggle for energy independence. This quest University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying for autonomy was first technological, since historically nuclear power was her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 1 In IRENA’s “Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017” report.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
developed in Europe under US licence. The first attempts by France and the United Kingdom to develop purely national channels have come to a standstill. They were justified by the fact that the United States had adopted a policy of knowledge retention. But, as the US position moved towards more openness, European electricity producers have preferred to rely on technologies already developed by Westinghouse and General Electric. Subsequently, the two major European nuclear reactor manufacturers, Framatome and Siemens, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS respectively "Frenchised" and "Germanised" technologies imported under US Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, acquired, nuclear power constitutes a licence2. Technological autonomy once By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect powerful factor of energy independence in itsStudent mode ofofoperation. In the case of the School of Architecture France, the rate of coverage of national energy needsTechnical rose fromUniversity 22.5% inof1973 Crete to more than 50% in 1997. This phenomenon may seem surprising, since 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Uranium consumed in the European Union is almost totally imported from 1. Introductory approach: Defining the third countries. It is byconcept the conventions of BC, the Athens), national ANTISTHENIS, thepartly ancientexplained Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 ANTISTHENIS, thethat ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, among other wise heritage he us, he established a great accounts, which means theleft production of a French company, evenAthens), if itthe is amongon other wise heritage us,definition he established a mere greatof “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the content concepts. located a foreign territory, is left considered French. The fact that Orano, acquisition of knowledge starts with theNC, of the content ofofconcepts. Based, therefore, on “principle” indefinition a first, not final, approach, the term formerly COGEMA andthis later Areva the if main producer European 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Uranium, owns the mines which are operating abroad, particularly inthe Niger 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 3 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various and Gabon , contributes to improving French and European energy Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement independence rates. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 1.2 European Nuclear Industry today: Nuclear Illustrative Programof whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential (PINC) relative speculation). potential relative speculation). TheInterm gentrification is found at first in(Commission) the UK in early 1960s and it through refers to 2017 the European Commission has unveiled The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor a Communication a draft nuclear policy in a short document of about forty the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents pages called "Nuclear Program" (PINC). This has been seen as are an London, upgrade them,Illustrative stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. opportunity to take stock of the strategy of an energy union in the nuclear being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included the laid workwith of Sociologist Ruth field, half a century after the first bases had in been the Treaty of A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Euratom (1957). PINC program recalls some basic facts about the state GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. European nuclearcountries, industrybytoday. Nowadays, nuclear energy accounts for cities in Western other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more almost 28% of the European energy production, with 129 reactors operating Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various incomprehensive 14 Member States, with an average age of around 30 years. It must be approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: recalled that the lifetime allowed for a nuclear reactor must not exceed 50 interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups years. In addition, four new nuclear reactors are currently under construction to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money in France, Slovakia and Finland. In terms of Uranium supply, the European and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Union itself covers (including indigenous and secondary sources) of itsin 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born sense safety atcomes the12.5% distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study(some entitled: total needs, and is therefore largely dependent on external supply services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year sheconditions. left GermanyItand after continuous 87.5%) andcost international economic is interesting to note that the lower living of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 detail http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/framatome-saand selling realCOLLINS estate,on: etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit.More Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: history/ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
largest supplier of natural Uranium responding to the demands of the Union is Canada (28,6 %), followed by Russia, Niger, Australia and Kazakhstan4.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongEuroatom other wise heritage he leftReport us, he established(444 a great the - Agency, Annual (2017) among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the of the the content concepts. In addition, PINC foresees a slight decline in share ofofnuclear energy of knowledge starts with by the2025, the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, term inacquisition the European energy mix to 20% resulting mainly from thethe closure 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if of notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification of many parks in Germany, and the cancellation nuclear program in 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Italy. However, a peak is expected around 2030, due to the ramp-up and Sociology asofwell), as the “refining” of a city this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of networking the new generation slices. Asarea, illustrated in thefrom image below, the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. However thissharply “change”, regardless of share of reactors without restaurants, long-term capacity drops around 2030, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the before being essentially replaced by the new generation tranche built afterof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative 2015 (representing around 30% of the electricity production from nuclear potential relative speculation). The in term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to power 2050). The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, Euroatom Agency, Annual Report (2017) In 1950 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. sheto became teacher in the to -another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 4 As reported in https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 20140528_energy_security_study_0.pdf
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
1.3 A stronger Nuclear Energy Union: Encouraging Investment and Harmonisation For the European Commission, PINC intends to significantly strengthen the energy union in the nuclear field, in full resonance with the Euratom Treaty, whose objective is to promote "progress in the nuclear field" (Title II). The electricity mix is expected therefore to remain diversified as per By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Commission's forecasts. In this way, PINC focuses on promoting furtherEU’s Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, lead role in nuclear technology, which a realC.economic assetArchitect for the Byrepresents Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS 5, while the potential to export Union: the nuclear sector provides 800.000 jobs Student of the School of Architecture such know-how is evaluated to 3 trillion euros byTechnical 2050, according the University to of Crete Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)6. Another argument for strengthening the 1. Introductory the concept European nuclear approach: policy is Defining its low environmental cost. The program thus 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 recalls that nuclearthe energy, low-carbon source electricity, has ANTISTHENIS, ancientbeing Greeka philosopher, BC of - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theStates, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370substantially BC, Athens), among other heritage he left us,ashe established a great the enabled somewise Member such France and (444 Sweden, to among their other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the an essential prerequisite forof“principle”: achieving reduce CO 2 emissions, acquisition knowledge starts theindefinition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the objective of of limiting atthis 2°C thewith threshold defined during the of Paris COPterm 21. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated acontributes first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area Planning) (or gentrification Finally, PINC stresses that nuclear energy also toofimproving the 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various access to energy, given that fuel and operating costs are relatively low and Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement stable. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless of To guarantee the presence of nuclear energythis in “change”, the European energy the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the mix, the Commission, which, it should be remembered, has no binding powersof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative in the field, intends to act in two stages: investment and harmonisation. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first the UK and in early and it of refers to Investments are mainly in the areas of insecurity life 1960s extension some The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor nuclear reactors to 10 or 20 years. The Energy Directorate thus figures the the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves thus old residents areof total investment of the European Union (EU) inthere theand sector 700 London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thusatoldaround residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. million euros by“squeezed”. 2050. In addition, Brussels recommends harmonising the being indirectly A description of this procedures: phenomenonfor is included in type the work of Sociologist Ruth different authorisation of reactor, validated by A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isexample, includedainwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major aGLASS safety authority in a number of Member States, could see this authorisation at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. extended to the whole Union. One ofResearchers. the key points of the debate is though the cities in Western countries, by other Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more treatment of nuclear waste. PINC provides for the removal ofand spent the Since then, the issue has several scholars forfuel, its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various development of mixed oxide fuel (MOX), and the storage of waste inthe geological comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: centres. Although the thisphenomenon document has a purely normative and informative interpretations thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups value, it demonstrates nevertheless that the Union intends to return to its to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money nuclear policy. A choice perceived by some as not the correct one, as the and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofMEP the Rebecca Harms (Greens/EFA) whoRuth described PINC "aRuth strange mixture ofin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside townascentres, search for Berlin, where she made her 7first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: . illusion and propaganda" services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 5 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Eurostat, employment (main characteristic and rates) – annual averages, August 2012. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6 Nuclear Energy Agency, The economics of the back-end of of thepart nuclear fuel cycle (2013). and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of the urban web, FX in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: rate used: 1 USD = 0,75 EUR. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 7
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See: https://euobserver.com/environment/132918.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
1.3 Fukushima Accident: a new psychological traumatism Before the nuclear outbreak at Fukushima in March 2011, nuclear power was surrounded by a more positive aura since the security advantages regarding energy and climate were spurring an increasing political commitment to nuclear energy among EU governments. Several Member States (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, UK) declared that they favoured the funding of new programs for the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS construction of new nuclear plants. After the incident, the citizen’s reception Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, has drastically changed, pushing By the re-evaluate their Mr. governments George-Sp. C.to ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect precedent strategies. Thus, the German Student Chancellor Merkel had initially of the School of Architecture announced in October 2011 that she wanted to prolong the operation of Crete the Technical University of 17 nuclear power plants, with a planned closure by 2021, for 8 or even 14 1. Introductory Defining theas concept years, describing approach: nuclear power was a necessary low-carbon bridge 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept technology to be used Germany reach a(444 100% energy ANTISTHENIS, the till ancient Greekwould philosopher, BC renewable - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 Athens), among otherInwise heofleft us, he established a great the production. the heritage aftermath the Fukushima disaster, with the BC, sparking of among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatannounced the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the the content of“principle”: concepts. that citizens and environmentalists’ protests, the ofChancellor acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, needed therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term Germany a new assessment of in the risksifon the active plants and that 1 (and urban Based,the therefore, this “principle” inindicated a would first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification therefore seven on oldest power plants be the temporarily closed. A 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various similar situation can be seen in Italy with the referendum for the abrogation of Sociology as well), asin the “refining” fromthere this, of (inartists, various 8. of a city area, ways), ofpolicies social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement nuclear held June 2011 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art restaurants, etc.2020”, However of As stated bygalleries, the program “Europe thethis EU“change”, is focusedregardless on getting the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 20% of the total energy production from renewables by 2020. This is a vitalof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative goal for the Union, but regardless of whether the EU meets that objective, potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first into thedevelop UK in early 1960sstrong and it refers to Member States will in any caseat need a new energy The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor framework and infrastructures before they can be totally dependent on the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thuselectricity old residents areof renewables. An them, effective large-scale means ofthere storing from London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. intermittent wind, wave and solar power plants must also be developed. The being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in storing the workelectricity of Sociologist Ruth transition to a fully effective large-scale means of produced A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major by solar, at wave and wind power, will take several were decades. It is necessary to GLASS the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. develop other low-carbon sources of energy as bridge technologies. While cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more nuclear power production centrals are seen as incredibly polluting, Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its they more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the produce only around a tenth ofbeing the carbon dioxidebelow, per unit of the electricity, comprehensive approach are summarized from various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: . Nuclear powerthe represents a low-carbon compared to coal the power facilities9of interpretations phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups alternative to other fossil fuels and is a critical component of the energy mix of to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money all Member States. Thus, a mismanagement of the climate change crisis, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofwill the cause greater ones presented by nuclear power 1.of The termrisks fromthe Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthfacilities. GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety atcomes thethan distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 8 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying See:https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-italy-nuclear/italians-say-no-to-nuclear-energy-inher work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. referendum-idUKTRE75C3P020110613. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 9 UK Energy Research Centre, ‘Response to Treasury consultation on carbon capture and G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually storage’ May 2006.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
2. Thorium-based nuclear energy systems 2.1 Thorium’s perspective: a quest for a more sustainable nuclear agenda Contrary to what one could imagine, a single nucleus is able to release considerable energy. Thus, the fission and fusion energies are ideal to supply energy to replace fossil generated energies. In particular, Thorium-based nuclear fuel is a multifarious material It is a slightly radioactive metal, present By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS in rocks and soil. In nature it is more abundant than uranium and is fertile, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, rather than fissile. In nuclear applications, can be used combination with a By Mr. it George-Sp. C.in ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect fissile material, such as recycled Plutonium. Student Thoriumofcould be an alternative the School of Architecture to Uranium to provide safe and abundant nuclear energy, at a reasonable Technical University ofcost. Crete At present, the use of Thorium as a primary source of energy is not yet at 1. Introductory approach: Definingofthe concept hand, since the economic extraction latent energy from the metal is still a 1. Introductory approach: Defining the very complicated process. This Greek means philosopher, that,concept before (444 the energy sector can rely ANTISTHENIS, the ancient BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCto-“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ofhe established a great the on Thorium, considerable amount research remains be done. Thor amongstarted other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the of concepts. Energy producing energy using Thorium atthe its content experimental reactor in acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based,Norway therefore, this “principle” first, if of not final, approach, the term Halden, in on 2013, funded byindefinition aa consortium of Westinghouse and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Toshiba. 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Source: World Nuclear Association, 2017-2018. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Other companies have been also involved in research for exploiting Thorium, i.e. in the United States, Australia and the Czech Republic. India has also been interested in this fuel for years and has designed a heavy water reactor specifically aimed at using Thorium. China, perpetually hungry for energy, is studying the technical and commercial feasibility of using the CANDU plant, a heavy-water reactor which runs with Thorium fuel, on a large scale10. The list of countries very interested in this metal is completed by By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Indonesia11, which would like to develop a nuclear power plant taking Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, advantage of the abundance of this By in its Bangka Belitung depots, hoping for Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect energy production costs of only three cents per KWh. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
3. An ineffective governance: surpassing the Euroatom Treaty 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 3.1 The institutional specificities of the Euratom Treaty 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept The institutional the Euratom Treaty is BC broadly to the ANTISTHENIS, thescheme ancient of Greek philosopher, (444 - 370similar BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -is 370 BC, Athens), among other wise Economic heritage heCommunity left us, he established a great “principle”: the former European (EEC) Treaty and based on the among other wise heritage left us, heCouncil, established aCommission greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with definition of the concepts. "Community triangle" formed bythe the the content and the acquisition of knowledge starts the content of Based, therefore, on (EP). this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term European Parliament In with thisthe framework is conceived theconcepts. Euroatom 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” in a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated area (or gentrification Supply Agency (ESA), on with the scope “tois ensure that allthe users in of thePlanning) Community 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuel.” According to Sociology as well), as the “refining” of aexclusive city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), groups, usually ofitlow-income andright theremoval placement of Art. 52ofofsocial the Euroatom Treaty, has to conclude contracts for ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of the operation supply of of ores, source materials andetc. special fissilethis within the EU. In certain the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the cases, an authorisation by the Commission is needed for the conclusion andof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative stipulation of supply contracts12. ESA has legal personality and financial potential relative speculation). The termunder gentrification is found at the UK in early andofit the refers to autonomy the supervision of first the in Commission. The1960s Statute ESA The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first13in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor also establishes an Advisory Committee , which acts as a link between the the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Agency and thethem, nuclear (producers by giving London, upgrade them, stayindustry themselves sometimes and thereconsumers) and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. opinions and providing analysis, assistance and information. In Chapter 3 of being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this the phenomenon is included in the work of of Sociologist theAStatute is specified composition, chairmanship, terms referenceRuth and A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major meetings of the Committee. The intergovernmental structure is explicated by GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. the selection procedure of the Committee members, which are appointed by cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more the EU Member States in consideration of experience and expertise in nuclear Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various issues. An important step in are common nuclear energybelow, was the reinforcement comprehensive approach being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon 14 of gentrification, the following: and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 which made by the 1965 Merger Treaty interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups proclaimed that "the Union shall have an institutional framework which shall to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 10 See: http://www.thoriumenergyworld.com/press-release/china-invests-big-in-clean-andterm from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town centres, cheap-energy-from-thorium. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth11Unemployment. same she leftNuclear Germany and in after continuous Sulfikar Amir, TheThe State and year the Reactor: Politics Post-Suharto Indonesia, 2010.for 12 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and researchof in nuclear Geneva,materials Prague, London and she came London, Exportation produced inNew the York EU [Art. 59 (b)back and to62.1 (c)etc. ofwhere the in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Euratom Treaty] and for supply contracts with a length of more than 10 years [Art. 60]. University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 13 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 2008/114/EC,Euratom: Council Decision of 12 February 2008 establishing Statutes for the her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Euratom Supply Agency. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 14 Treaty establishing a Single Council and a Single Commission of the European G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Communities.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
aim to promote its values, advance its objectives, serve its interests, those of its citizens and those of the Member States, and ensure the consistency, effectiveness and continuity of its policies and actions15". This unity of principle covers certain institutional specificities specific of the Euratom Treaty. With regard to the conventional acts concluded by the EAEC, Article 101.1 of the Euratom Treaty provides that the Union, may undertake the conclusion of international agreements. This assertion in principle of the parallelism of By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS internal competence and the external competence to conclude international Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, agreements, in the context of the Euratom Treaty, contrasts the efforts that By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect have been necessary on the part of the CourtStudent of Justice of the European Union of the School of Architecture to make a similar approach accepted in the context ofTechnical the Lisbon Treaty.ofWhat University Crete was an original specificity of the Euratom Treaty is, however, now accepted by Introductory approach: Defining concept the1.Community case law. On the other the hand, Article 206 of the Euratom Treaty 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept provides the EP simply a consultation prerogative. With- 370 regard acts of ANTISTHENIS, the with ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC,to Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,similarities he established a great the secondary Community law, the initial between the-“principle”: Euratom Treaty among other wise heritage he leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content concepts. the and the Lisbon Treaty have gradually faded. acquisition of knowledge starts with the content of concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” indefinition a the first,Maastricht if of not final, approach, the term In contrast toonthe Single Actthe and Treaty procedures 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification introduced for1 co-operation and co-decision between the Council and the the term EP gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various for directives and regulations adopted under the Lisbon Treaty, which were Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of socialextended groups, usually low-income and the the placement thereprovisions of artists, subsequently by the of Treaty of Amsterdam, equivalent of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of ofways), the Euratom Treaty have remained static. As a result, Articlesthere 162 and 163 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the of the Euratom Treaty only provide for consultation of the EP on directivesof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative and regulations adopted by the Council within the framework of the EAEC. potential relative speculation). Thethe terminstitutional gentrification is found at first theEuratom UK in early 1960sbecame and it refers to Thus, peculiarities of inthe Treaty more The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor pronounced as the rules of the Lisbon Treaty evolved in a more favourable the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof sense forupgrade the EP. them, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 3.2 European Parliament: challenge of its subordinate A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded workposition of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar other major Under thesame Euratom Treaty, the EP situations plays a limited role ininthe decisionGLASS at the period, while similar were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. making as it has consultation power only, and its opinions are not cities inprocess, Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more binding. in its various resolutions adopted on the subject, has SinceNevertheless, then, the issue has several scholars and for various itsitmore comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the regularly emphasised the need to clarify the division of from responsibilities comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: between the Union's institutions and the Member the States, to strengthen the interpretations the phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups common framework of the Union on different aspects of nuclear installations, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and to improve standards of safety and environmental protection. Thus, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the the EP is1.of decreasingly to beresidencies confined to an advisory role insearch the framework The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety thewilling distributed outside town centres, for where sheTreaty. herIffirst studies. In 1932 published an important entitled: ofBerlin, the Euratom onlyentertainment a minority ofshe MEPs is frankly hostile to nuclear services of health,made education, “at the heart of the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements power, the vast majority are unhappy with the current institutional balance offor lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, the EAEC. of thethe EPphenomenon is expressed particular through its in According 1943 sheThis published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the todissatisfaction another approach, isindue a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 15
118
Now Art. 13 of the TEU.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
budgetary competence, since it has co-decision power for non-compulsory expenditure. In 1992 and 1993, the EP refused to vote on the Community's nuclear research budget, to express its dissatisfaction for not being able to change the guidelines. Budgetary research had to be merged into the research framework program appropriations to overcome this opposition. Similarly, in 1998, the EP initially refused to vote the budgetary appropriations constituting the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS participation of the EAEC in the financing of the modernization of the North Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Korean power stations, within theByframework of the for the Mr. George-Sp. C. Organization ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO), created in 1997 Student of the School of Architecture at the initiative of the United States and under the auspices of the IAEA. in the Technical University of Crete spring of 1999;, the EP agreed to release the necessary funds only in exchange Introductory the concept for1. the decision approach: of the Defining then Energy Commissioner Leon Brittan to 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 systematically transmit all Euratom international agreements to Athens), the EP ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the before the Council. among wise heritage leftthe us, hecomplicity established athe great the acquisition of startshe with definition of theofcontent of“principle”: concepts. and Theother EPknowledge is also seeking, with the Commission acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of on concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, thebasis term against thetherefore, Council, to extend its competence inifthe nuclear field the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notprotection final, approach, term gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification of the general provisions of the Lisbon Treaty onifthe of thethe health 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various of populations. From his perspective, the point is that he has the power of coSociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of relative social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement decision to as this field. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc.energy However this “change”,priorities regardless of In its resolution of 5 restaurants, July 2011 on infrastructure for the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the 16 2020 and beyond , the EP supported strongly the Commission's decision toof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential introducerelative stress tests for European nuclear power plants. In another potential relative speculation). The termadopted gentrification is found at first in the UK early 1960s it refers to resolution in plenary in March 2013, theinEP noted theand limits of the The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor stress tests carried out by the Commission in 2012 and called for the the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, staycriteria themselves and thus old residents introduction of additional for future tests,there in particular regardare to London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus with old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. the deterioration of equipment, human error and the existence of defects being indirectly “squeezed”. A description this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth inside the reactorofof vessels. Aditionally,isis the EP stressed urgency of applying A description this phenomenon included inwere thethe work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations recorded in other major 17 . In its position at the first reading of the full range ofsame security improvements GLASS at the period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. 23 June 2011 on the proposal for a Council Directive establishing a cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Community framework forhas the preoccupied responsible and safe management spent fuel Since then, the issue several scholars andof for its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various 18, the EP supported the Commission’s proposal to ban and radioactive waste comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: the export of radioactive waste completely. In contrast, the Council advocated interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups authorising exports under very strict conditions. In its position firstinreading to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highatcosts money in March 2013 on the proposal for a Council Directive laying and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack down of the requirements with regard to residencies radioactive substances in Ruth water intended forin 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasbetter born sense safety the distributed outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. Inalso 1932for she apublished an important study entitled: human consumption, The EP called change in the legal basis, by services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year sheEuratom left Germany and after continuous for removing Articles 31 and 32 of the Treaty replacing them by Article lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 192 TFEU, applying hence the the ordinary legislative procedure. The in EP in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the to another approach, is due tobecame a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work 16 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. OJWil. Creal 33COLLINS E,estate, 5.2.2013, p. 46. and selling etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 17 OJ C 36 E, 29.1.2016, p. 76. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 18 OJ C 390 E, 18.12.2012, p. 147.
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proposed additional provisions for improving consumer information, carrying out random checks of water quality and differentiated management of levels of natural radioactivity and contamination from human activities. It also specified the tasks incumbent upon the Member States and the Commission. Another example is the attempt to influence the Euratom Directive establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations19. In this regard, the EP called on the Member States to ensure a By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS more transparent communication concerning the safety of nuclear Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, installations and the associated risks. also that peer reviewsArchitect should ByProposing Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS be held every eight years instead of every ten years, while the EP should be Student of the School of Architecture informed of the results of these reviews, as well asTechnical the measures and plans University of Crete adopted in this regard. These provisions have not been taken up by the 1. Introductory concept Council in the finalapproach: text of theDefining Directivethe 2014/87/Euratom. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept In order to reach the objective of the Treaty(444 (id BC est -European energy ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -on 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left he established aconfer great “principle”: the security), a considerable degree of us, autonomy should(444 Euratom and among other wise left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge startshe with the ofthe thedecision-making content concepts. subsequently on theheritage Commission. Unfortunately, process acquisition of knowledge starts withgreat theindefinition of the content ofStates concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” apowers first, if to not final, approach, theofterm remained intergovernmental, with the Member the 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification Euroatom, and a minimal role attributed to the EP. Here lies thethe sheer 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ineffectiveness of the Treaty. An environment of co-operation between the EP Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofduring a city area, from this,proposals (inartists, various ways), ofCommission social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of and the has developed the examination ofthere the ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, of on operation nuclear energy policy and legislation. This is, however, not regardless part ofartists, the the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the treaty framework and the EP does not have the same powers of co-decisionof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative and co-promulgation as in other areas of the EU energy legislation. Due to the potential relative speculation). The gentrification is found at firstthe in the in early it refers to lack ofterm openness and accountability, EP UK could not 1960s play aand key role in The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor ensuring its position, remaining constrained, without significant changes to the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayEuroatom themselves andthe thus residents areof the Treaty. Inserting the apparatus fully into EUold structure and London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. changing the decision-making framework of the Euratom Treaty towards being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofincluding this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth supranationalism, the co-decision roleinof the EPcould possibly solve A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major the central problem and allow perhaps the establishment of in another effective GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. common energy policy. An by inspired version of the Treaty could achieve much cities in Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more more. The then, Euroatom Treaty has followed a stable which Since the issue has severalparadigm, scholars andthe forendorses its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various high levels of State supportare forbeing the development of the nuclear industry. comprehensive approach summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Consequently, those subsidies may be seen as giving an unfair advantage for interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups the electro-nuclear industry, over other aspects of the energy sector. However, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money these well-established subsidy structures couldwhere be used other emerging and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, workfor place is, lack of the energy industries, asSociologist renewables. though the Euroatom Treaty could bein 1.of The termat comes from RuthIfGLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for was born sense safety thesuch distributed residencies outside town centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 shefor published an important study entitled: expanded to become a general energy treaty new technologies, one could services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous imagine thatcost it would become afrom decisive advantage for the development a lower living of, “withdrawal” private car easier access to markets, etc.of studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where new energy sector, in support of key EU policies and addressing climate in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and change byinformal ensuring reliable energy availability. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 19
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Conclusion: is nuclear power the right way for Europe? The objective of sustainable development and further economic independence can be achieved in different ways through the development of new technologies. The EU has therefore to move coherently on several fronts. One of them is certainly giving a big boost to the energy policy, aware of the risk, however, of possibly dispersing resources in overly ambitious or experimental projects. Nuclear research should therefore consider the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS different objectives, that could mitigate these issues. investments in MoltenHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Salt Reactors could be seen as first priority and essential providingArchitect Europe By Mr. George-Sp. C. for ATHANASSOPOULOS with secure energy supplies for industry and citizens alike. It should be Student of the School of Architecture remembered that even if less polluting than the Uranium and Plutonium based Technical University of Crete reactors, waste will always be a critical issue, especially in view of a world 1. Introductory approach: Defining revolution the concept(Industry 4.0), with the need approaching quickly a new industrial 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 20 In anyphilosopher, case, Thorium could serve as of more electro-consumption ANTISTHENIS, the ancient. Greek (444reactors BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCallow -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established athus great the bridge other technology in the medium-term. They could a full turn among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he on established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of thescale, content of“principle”: concepts. towards efficient green energy production a large allowing Europe to acquisition ofthe knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term leave behind fission experience. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” inindicated afusion first, ifon not final, approach, term gentrification) is (in the area of (or gentrification The challenge ofon reproducing nuclear Earth, on thePlanning) otherthe hand, 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various represents an interesting investment opportunity that could bear fruits in the Sociology as well), as on the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income theremoval placement long term, i.e. based research estimates aand commercial viability is of expected ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, etc. Howeverthe thisEU “change”, regardless of for operation 2050. Although the technology is experimental, must not renounce the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the investments in the sector since the merger will represent for the futureof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative generations a first step towards complete autonomy from other resources. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first inthe the possible UK in early 1960s and refers to However, several doubts isremain behind operation of itthe ITER The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor project, especially for what concerns the political sphere and the management, the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade themselves and thus old residents are and therefore thethem, EU'sstay commitment could be addressed tothus other projects of London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. considerably smaller size21, similar for example to the stellarator reactor being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in the workInstitute of Sociologist Ruth Wendelstein 7-X of built Germany isby the Max Planck of Plasma A description thisin phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major 22 .same Research onwhile nuclear fusion reactorswere is an investment thatmajor can Physics (IPP) GLASS at the period, similar situations recorded in other cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. not be ignored due also to technological developments in other competitor cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 23. countries such asthe China Since then, issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from Besides theapproach scientific-technological challenge,below, the EU should also comprehensive are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: consider the socio-political field. Today the Euroatom structure is purely an interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups intergovernmental structure. It is not institutionalised within the EU, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money resulting outdated, and ineffective leaving and time tototravel from theinefficient purlieus to downtown, where policies, work place is, lackfertile of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth20Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for https://luminariaz.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-2016lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 21.pdf 21 she published in According 1943 studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and However, a decisive, coherent and interconnected long-term strategy should be achieved University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying in order to surpass the ITER project, which at this date is the most valuable in terms of scientific her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. research. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 22 https://www.ipp.mpg.de/14226/top_news G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 23 https://bigthink.com/surprising-science/china-nuclear-fusion-reactor-100-million-degrees.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ground for rivalries among Member States24. It should rather evolve towards a supranational structure to better manage its programs. Moreover, the absence of the EP from the decision-making process, confined to a mere consultative role, is serious for a sector incredibly strategic and important, The further challenge is how to overcome the obstinate political legitimacy stumbling block of society’s acceptance, as public opinion is increasingly moving towards anti-nuclear positions. It is hence important to explain well By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS the choice of the Thorium as a “bridge” solution, its environmental merits, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, while underlining the economic necessity, well as safety issues. By Mr. as George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Concluding, the development of Thorium-based reactors fusion Student of the School ofand Architecture energy should be among EU top technological priorities for the following three Technical University of Crete reasons: 1. Introductory Defining the concept - Europe hasapproach: exceptional expertise in particle physics, as evidenced by 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept its ANTISTHENIS, majority participation in theGreek ITER program. It is(444 arguably the BC, world's best the ancient philosopher, BC - 370 Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theresearch. ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wisefusion heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the authority to lead among other wise heritage leftthe us, he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition the content concepts. - Europe is today thehe world leader in of environmental matters, and acquisition of knowledge starts with the of the content concepts. Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term together with the on United States, isindefinition at the ifforefront of of scientific and 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on Itthis “principle” inindicated a though first, if (in not final, approach, the and term gentrification) is the area Planning) (or gentrification technological matters. can strengthen further itsofposition 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various pioneering role by engaging in major research projects. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityasarea, the fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), groups, usually of reactors low-income theremoval placement of -ofBysocial using Thorium-based aand bridge technology, Europe must ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of findoperation a way toof ensure its energy independence, by freeing itself from resource the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the constraints. The merger represents an unexpected opportunity to develop aof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative clean, sustainable and very high-capacity source of energy that would secure potential relative speculation). term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to its The industrial future for theisnext decades. The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to unifying buy property in poor The political Europe, was built around projects. This can be the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof pursued only through programs. New technologies a clear London, upgrade them,ambitious stay themselves sometimes there and thusprovide old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. and realistic answer to the contemporary energy and environmental being indirectly “squeezed”. A description this phenomenon is included in the Ruth challenges. theirofofdevelopment must therefore bework fullyofofSociologist supported and A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major encouraged by strong political will, while progress must be shared and GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. debated in civil society. In by particular, Thorium technology utilisation l would cities in Western countries, other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more offerSince to thethen, EU and the Member States the several possibility to avoid the issue has scholars andco-operation for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the with countries lagging behind democratic and humanitarian principles as comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: framed in the Lisbon treaty, out of necessity for energy resources supplies. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups The EU would in this way contribute further to fostering of the rule of law at to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money international level. This will in turn address existing civil concerns, its and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack as of the activity isterm in atcomes this respect often perceived by society as incoherent andin 1.of The from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an the important study entitled: undermining the legitimation of the Member States and of EU as a whole. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 24 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2002/313072/DG-4G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Bibliography PAMELA M. BARNES, THOMAS C. HOERBER. Sustainable Development and Governance in Europe: The Evolution of the Discourse on Sustainability, Routledge, 2013 THOMAS PELLERIN-CARLIN, JEAN-ARNOLD VINOIS, EULALIA RUBIO, SOFIA FERNANDES. Making the Energy Transition a European success tackling the democratic, Innovation, Financing and Social challenges of the Energy Union, Jacques Delors Institute in Studies & Reports n. 114 September 2017 EUROATOM. Supply Agency: Annual 2017 ByReport, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Nuclear Illustrative Programme, EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Harvard University, Graduate School2017 of Design, Student, Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Functioning of the European Union, Official JournalStudent C 326, P.of0001 – 0390, 2012 the School of Architecture Consolidated version of the treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Technical University of Crete Community, Official Journal of the European Union C 327/01, 2012 COUNCIL OF approach: THE EUROPEAN UNION. Council Decision of 12 February 2008 1. Introductory Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept establishing Statutes for the Euratom Supply Agency, 2008/114/EC, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -Euratom 370 BC, Athens), Council Directive the 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 Community ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370aBC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 aestablishing great the framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the OJacquisition L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48–56 starts with the definition of the content of concepts. of knowledge Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY. Nuclearin Regulation, OECD Publishing, 2001 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification SCHWAB1 KLAUS. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum, gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 2016 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Sof social Agroups, usually low-income andNuclear the placement of artists, ULFIKAR MIR. The State of and the Reactor: Politics there in Post-Suharto ways), of2010. social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation ofRetrieved art galleries, restaurants, etc. from However “change”,there regardless of Indonesia. on November, 2018 https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof sulfikar/nuclearpolitics.pdf
whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). TheWebography term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto Thorium Reactors https://whatisnuclear.com/thorium.html, accessed the then observed trendBasics, ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas November 2018. London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Molten-Salt Reactors Functioning, http://ecolo.org/documents/ London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. documents_in_english/MSR-Molten-salt-reactor.pdf, November 2018 Ruth being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included accessed in the work of Sociologist fusion_e.pdf, Nuclear Fusion Basics – IPP, https://www.ipp.mpg.de/986351/ A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major accessed November 2018. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Employment Eurostat http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/ cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherData Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more nui/show.do?dataset=lfsi_emp_a&lang=en, accessed November 2018.and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Economics of Thoriumareand Uranium reactors, http://pages.hmc.edu comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: /evans/LamThorium.pdf accessed November 2018. interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In aEuropean sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend a new of socialEnergy, groups Research Roadmap to the ofRealisation of Fusion to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money https://www.euro-fusion.org/fileadmin/user_upload/EUROfusion/ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Documents/TopLevelRoadmap.pdf, accessed November 2018. The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS/statisticswasbetter born in sense1.of safety theofdistributed residencies outside town centres, for EU imports energy products, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: explained/pdfscache/46126.pdf/, accessed November services of health, education, entertainment “at the2018. heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017, https://www.irena.org/lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, /media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Jan/IRENA_2017_Power_Costs_2018 in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and .pdf accessed November 2018. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Nuclear Waste https://whatisnuclear.com/recycling.html, accessed and selling realCOLLINS estate,Recycling, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: November 2018. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΙΚΟ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types ofΤΟΠΙΟ: Intervention, Προβληματισμοί για το σχεδιασμό αρχαιολογικών χώρων Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Του κυρίου Ελευθ. ΒΟΜΒΟΛΑΚΗ Concerns Αρχιτέκτονα Μηχανικού
Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Στον ελλαδικό χώρο και ευρύτερα μεσογειακό τέτοιων Harvard University,στο Graduate Schoolηof ύπαρξη Design, Student, χώρων είναι πολύ συνηθισμένη. Πρόκειται χώρους οι διαμορφώνουν By Mr. για George-Sp. C. οποίοι ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ένα ξεχωριστό σκηνικό, με αυτό άλλοτε να επηρεάζει και άλλοτε όχι τη Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete καθημερινή εμπειρία των επισκεπτών. Αντικείμενο της έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση και ο προσδιορισμός του αρχαιολογικού τοπίου με βάση τη γνώση Introductory Defining conceptτου, αλλά και η μελέτη της της1.ιστορίας, την approach: ατμόσφαιρα και τηςtheσημασία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept σχεδιασμός ANTISTHENIS, Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), αλληλοσυσχέτιση με the το ancient ευρύ περιβάλλον. Ο ορθός (444 της επέμβασης ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other heritage us, he established a χώρους great the θεωρείται ωςwise το μέσο πουheσεleftτέτοιους ιδιαίτερους προκαλεί την among other wise και heritage he leftthe us, he στην established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with definition of the content of“principle”: concepts. με ενεργοποίηση τους την σύνδεση τους ανθρώπινη δραστηριότητα acquisition ofπνευματικά knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. κοινωνικά και αποτελέσματα. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notδιέπεται final, approach, term Ο προσδιορισμός ενός χώρου ως «αρχαιολογικού» από ένα the σύνολο gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (inχαρακτηρίζεται thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or περιορισμών και(and ιδιαιτεροτήτων. Τοofαρχαιολογικό την Sociology as well), as the “refining” a cityisarea, theτοπίο removal (inαπό various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various έννοια του ευάλωτου, ένα τοπίο εύθραυστο και κατ’ επέκταση ευαίσθητο. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, Χαρακτηριστικά που το διακρίνουν και κάνουν ξεχωριστή την ιδιαιτερότητα της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless καθ’ αυτήςother ύπαρξης του. Η κατανόηση της ιστορικής αξίας αλλάprices και η ευρύτερη whatever consequences has, results also rising of land (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices the γνώση της ιστορίας που ο κάθε τέτοιος χώρο κρύβει, σε συνδυασμό με τη(and σχέση potential relative potential relative speculation). τουThe χώρου με τον ανθρώπινο και UK τη in ανθρώπινη που το term gentrification is foundπολιτισμό at first in the early 1960sδράση and it refers to The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s and refers δημιούργησε, κρίνεται καθοριστικός παράγοντας για τον πολιτισμό αλλάitareas και την the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor ofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas εξέλιξη αυτού σήμερα. Η σύνδεση με τοsometimes ευρύτερο περιβάλλον τέτοιων χρονικών London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stayελαχίστων themselves σε sometimes and thus old residents are τεκμηρίων, άψυχων και σχέση there με την αρχική δομή, τις being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. περισσότερες φορές τουλάχιστον, απαιτεί σημαντικές αποφάσεις, αποφάσεις A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ruth που A θαdescription αφορούν την σχέση του με το δημόσιο ελεύθερο χώρο,ofτηSociologist των GLASS at the same while similar inπροβολή other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μεμονωμένων κάθε φορά ιδιαιτεροτήτων αλλά και αποφάσεις γενικότερα που θα cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. αφορούν την λειτουργικότητα του και τη προβολή του πνεύματος και της μνήμης cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more που Since ο ίδιοςthen, ο χώρος φέρει. the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΖΟΝΤΑΣ ΤΟ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΤΟΠΙΟ interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Προσπαθώντας να προσεγγίσουμε την έννοια του τοπίου στη γενικότερη to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money μορφή του και τη σχέση αυτού με την ίδια την φύση καταλήγουμε σε ένα and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lackσύνολο of the προβληματισμών. Η distributed ορθή αυτής της σχέσης είναι γιαin 1.of The termat comes from κατανόηση Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth καθοριστική GLASS for wasbetter born sense safety the residencies outside townθα centres, search την μετέπειτα και σωστή του αρχαιολογικού τοπίου. Berlin, where sheανάλυση made her first studies. In αξιολόγηση 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same left Germany and continuous 1, ο she Σύμφωνα μεcost τονof, Günther Vogtyear πολιτισμός αλλά καιafter ηaccess μορφή ενός σύγχρονου lower living “withdrawal” from private car easier to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, οργανισμού σχετίζεται μεregarding τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά ευρύτερου in According 1943 she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due aτου systematic and γεωγραφικού τουofχώρου τονshe περιβάλει. University informal College London, where continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effortπου by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Βλ. Vogt Gunt., Landscape as a cabinet of curiosities, https://www.vogtG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Κατ’ επέκταση αυτών μπορούμε να συμπληρώσουμε ότι τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του φυσικού περιβάλλοντος που περικλείει ένα σύνολο σχετίζονται άμεσα με το επιτυχή ή όχι προσδιορισμό αυτού. Δηλαδή τα ποτάμια, τα βουνά, οι όχθες, τα βράχια, οι λόφοι, τα δέντρα αλλά και η σχέση εγγύτητας αυτών με τη θάλασσα ή τον ορίζοντα παίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη δημιουργία ενός σκηνικού. Οι πολλαπλές αυτές ερμηνείες ορίζουν το τοπίο ως θέαμα ή σκηνικό, επομένως και παράγωγο μιας οπτικής ή συνολικά αντιληπτικής By αυτών Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS εμπειρίας. Η ανάλυση και ομαδοποίηση των χαρακτηριστικών αλλά και η Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, απλή κατανόησή αυτών των στοιχείων ως μετρήσιμων χαρακτηριστικών οδηγεί Mr. George-Sp. Architect στη δημιουργία μιας ορθής βάσης για By μετέπειτα έρευνα. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS of the School of Architecture Όλα αυτά τα στοιχεία καλείται ο Student επισκέπτης ενός συνόλου να Technical University of Crete αποκωδικοποιήσει. Το ίδιο το περιβάλλον χαρακτηρίζεται απο όλα αυτά τα μεταβαλλόμενα χαρακτηριστικά, όμωςthe η προβολή 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept του ολοκληρώνεται με την επιλογή του παρατηρητή ο οποίος διαλέγει, επεξεργάζεται και οργανώνει όλα 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, theβλέπει. ancientDefining philosopher, (444γίνεται BC - 370 BC, Athens), αυτά τα στοιχεία που ΗGreek αντίληψή του τοπίου ανάλογα με τα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the βιώματα, της μνήμες αλλά και γενικότερα τις εσωτερικές ροπές που κρύβουν ένα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. βαθύτερο πολιτισμικό και πολιτιστικό υπόβαθρο. Η συγκεκριμένη παρατήρηση acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term είναι σημαντική λόγω της μετέπειτα αναφοράς ειδικότερα στο αρχαιολογικό 1 Based, therefore, onαυτών this “principle” inindicated a first,διεργασιών if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification τοπίο, όπου το(and των εσωτερικών παίζει καθοριστικό 1 μέγεθος gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ρόλο στην ανάγνωση του τοπίου και του περιβάλλοντος γενικότερα με μία άλλη Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), οπτική.of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), groups, usually of low-income and thethis there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. να However “change”, regardless of 2 στη Ο of Κ. social Μανωλίδης προσπάθεια του ορίσει τοplacement τοπίο αναφέρει ταartists, εξής: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results rising of land prices (andπου theof «Η έννοια other του τοπίου υφίσταται μέσα από also μια αποφασιστική αμφισημία whatever other consequences has, results alsoκαι rising of land prices the potential relative speculation). αναπτύσσεται ανάμεσα σε δύο πόλους: τον τόπο το υποκείμενο.» Με (and τη λέξη potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in earlyγεωγραφική 1960s and it refers to «τοπίο» αναφερόμαστε ταυτόχρονα σε μια καθορισμένη ενότητα The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of αλλά και στην πρόσληψή της από το βλέμμα μας, δηλαδή σε μια νοητικήto the then observed trend of wealthyκαι people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade stayερμηνεύει themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof κατάσταση που them, επιλέγει, ανασυνθέτει τα δεδομένα αυτής της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ενότητας. Το τοπίο είναι ταυτόχρονα αντικειμενικός χώρος και υποκειμενική being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included inκαι theμέσα workμας. of Sociologist Ruth κατασκευή, κάτι που βρίσκεται απέναντί μας αλλά Στη διαδικασία description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other αυτήAενεργούν ψυχολογικοί, αισθητικοί και ιδεολογικοί παράγοντες, μεmajor τους GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, byευρύτερες other Researchers. οποίους διασταυρώνονται φιλοσοφικές συνιστώσες κάθε εποχής. cities Western countries, byαντιλαμβανόμαστε other Researchers. Since then, με the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Έτσι, οinτρόπος τον οποίο στοιχεία του περιβάλλοντος ως Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied beingμας summarized below, τοπίο, εκφράζοντας τη φαντασιακή σχέση με τη φύση,from αντιπροσωπεύει comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various τελικά τον τρόπο τον οποίο are ορίζουμε τον εαυτό μέσα κόσμο. interpretations of με the phenomenon of gentrification, theστον following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Η ΕΝΝΟΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΙΚΟΥ ΤΟΠΙΟΥ to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Από πολύ from νωρίςtheέχουν διατυπωθεί σκέψεις οποίες and time to travel purlieus to downtown, where οι work place φορούν is, lack ofτην the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in αλληλοσυσχέτιση των κοινωνιών με το φυσικό περιβάλλον τουςsearch και ειδικότερα sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. she published an important study entitled: τον συσχετισμό φυσικού με In το1932 αισθητικό, ιστορικό πολιτισμικό services of health, του education, entertainment “at the heart of theκαι city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 3 περιβάλλον. Το τελευταίο καιρό όλο και περισσότερο γίνεται αναφορά στηetc. φύση lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where του τοπίου μία κατεύθυνση προςthe το πολιτισμό ανεξάρτητα την ύπαρξη in According 1943 she με published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due aαπό systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 Μανωλίδης Κ., (2003) Ωραίο, φριχτό και απέριττο τοπίον!, εκδ. Νησίδες, σελ.9. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 3 Τερκενλη, Θεανώ Σ.,(1996) Το πολιτιστικό τοπίο, έκδοση Παπαζήση.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αρχαιολογικού τεκμηρίου σε αυτό. Ο όρος πολιτισμικό τοπίο4 χρησιμοποιείται από το αμερικανικό Ινστιτούτο Ερευνών ως ένας τρόπος χωρικής αντίληψης η οποία λαμβάνει υπόψιν και επικεντρώνεται στην συσχέτιση του ανθρώπινου παράγοντα με τη φύση και το χρόνο. Το τοπίο αντιμετωπίζεται ως φορέας πολιτισμού διεγείροντας την ανάγκη για εύρεση αξιών μέσα από την μνήμη που ο τόπος και η φύση του αποδίδουν. Ένα συμπέρασμα το οποίο προέκυψε από την παραπάνω παραγωγική By Mr. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαδικασία. Είναι ότι το τοπίο αποτελεί μιαGeorge-Sp. οντότητα μέσα στο χρόνο όπου ο Harvard Graduate School of την Design, Student, επιπρόσθετος χαρακτηρισμός τουUniversity, ως ο ιστορικός αναβαθμίζει πολιτισμική By την Mr. George-Sp. C. αν ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect του αξία και καθορίζει τη σημασία με οποία πρέπει αντιμετωπιστεί σε Student the School κάθε απόπειρα σχεδιασμού με στόχο την διαφύλαξη καιofπροβολή του.of Architecture Technicalαπό University of Crete Το πολιτιστικό τοπίο μεταξύ άλλον χαρακτηρίζεται την υψηλή διδακτική αξία. Η προσέγγιση του πολιτισμικού τοπίου δεν σταματάει όμως εδώ, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept η έννοια του βοηθάει στο να μπορέσουμε να δούμε ένα χώρο σε 1. Introductory approach: the conceptολοκληρωμένα ANTISTHENIS, the συσχετισμός ancientDefining Greekοphilosopher, (444 καθοριστικός BC - 370 BC, Athens), βάθος χρόνου. Ένας οποίος είναι για να ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,του. he established(444 a great the κατανοήσουμε το λόγο προσδιορισμού among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Σε ένα πολιτιστικό τοπίο η αναζήτηση και σύνδεση όλων των επιμέρους acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term στοιχείων θα οδηγήσει στη σφαιρική κατανόηση του χώρου. Σε καμία περίπτωση 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if not final, approach, the term the area of Planning) (or gentrification δεν έχει κάποια ουσία η gentrification) μονάδα μεμονωμένα δεν (in ψάχνουμε στο χώρο έναν 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various μεγαλειώδη αρχαίο ναό ούτε κάποιο ταφικό μνημείο, αντιθέτως αναζητούμε το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), socialναgroups, usually of low-income the placement there of artists, σύνολοofχωρίς αγνοούμε τις εκάστοτε μικρέςand ιδιαιτερότητες. Τότε μπορούμε να ways), of social groups, usually ofτοlow-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.θα However “change”,there regardless of μιλάμε για έναofπολιτισμικό τοπίο οποίο προκαλεί πνευματική διέγερση με the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc.απώτερο However this regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingστόχο of “change”, land prices (and theof ενεργοποίηση όλων των αισθήσεων και την χωροχρονική whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εμπειρία. potential relative speculation). TheΛαμβάνοντας term gentrification is found first in the UK in early 1960s andσυνθετικός it refers to υπόψιν όλα ταat παραπάνω διατυπώνεται ένας The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto ορισμός για το πολιτιστικό τοπίο. Ένα τοπίο με πολιτισμική αξία δεν είναι τίποτα the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are άλλο από μια φυσική έκταση με φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά και με επιμέρουςof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes δραστηριότητα there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. στοιχεία που έχουν προκύψει από την ανθρώπινη στο πέρασμα being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work Ruth τουAχρόνου. Τα πολιτιστικά τοπία έχουν αναγνωριστεί ως of η Sociologist διεπαφή μεταξύ A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at theπολιτισμού. same while similar were in other major φύσης και Αντικατοπτρίζουν μια in αλληλεξάρτηση ανθρώπων, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. κοινωνικών δομών, πολιτιστικών σχημάτων, του τοπίου και των συσχετιζόμενων cities in Western countries, other Researchers. 5 by Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars for its more οικολογικών συστημάτων. Καθοριστικά είναι και όλα τα άυλαand πολιτιστικά και Since then, the issue several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the ιστορικά στοιχεία που has χαρακτηρίζουν το συγκεκριμένο τοπίο, καθώς comprehensive approach summarized from the φορείς various αντικατοπτρίζουν τοphenomenon πέρας are την being ανθρώπινης δράσης και αποτελούν interpretations of the of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: 6. μνήμης που the τα of καθιστούν εκτός Τα τοπία δενgroups είναι In a sense, phenomenon is dueχρόνου togentrification, a trend of a πολιτιστικά new of social to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense1.of 4 safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for better Ο όροςshe πολιτισμικό (cultural Inlandscape) για πρώτη φορά τον Berlin, where made herτοπίο first studies. 1932 sheαναφέρθηκε an important studyαπό entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at published the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same sheτου leftτοGermany and after continuous πολιτισμικό γεωγράφο C. O. Sauer σεyear ομιλία 1925, όπου δήλωσε ότι «ο πολιτισμός είναι τοfor lower cost of, in “withdrawal” from private easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research Prague, London and car New York she came back to2000). London, αίτιο, ηliving φυσική περιοχή τοGeneva, μέσον και το πολιτισμικό τοπίο το αποτέλεσμα» (Ingerson 5 she published in According 1943 studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Taylor, K. and Lennon, J., 2011, “Cultural Landscapes: a bridge between culture in and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying nature?” International journal of Heritage Studies, 17, 537-554. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6 «ταWil. μνημεία χαρακτηρίζονται από «αειθαλές καιof ψυχήν άγηρον» [αγέραστη] and selling real estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially partτην of the urban web, in 10th edit. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. Londonπνεύμα 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: και έτσι αυτομάτως τοποθετούνται εκτός ιστορικού χρόνου. ΠΛΟΥΤΑΡΧΙΣ, : ΠΕΡΙ ΤΟΥ ΕΝ ΔΕΛΦΟΙΣ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μουσειακά αντικείμενα, είναι κατοικημένα, ζωντανά τοπία με βαθιά πνευματικό και διδακτικό χαρακτήρα. Ένα κρίσιμο ζήτημα που παρουσιάζεται και χρειάζεται διερεύνηση είναι πώς τίθενται τα όρια μεταξύ του πολιτιστικού και του φυσικού τοπίου και πότε ένα φυσικό τοπίο μετατρέπεται και σε πολιτισμικό τοπίο. Ένας προβληματισμός θα απαντηθεί συμπερασματικά με το πέρας της παρούσας εργασίας. Το πολιτιστικό τοπίο είναι σημαντικό για την ανθρώπινη By Mr. του George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ύπαρξη καθώς βοηθάει στη κατανόηση παρελθόντος και επιπρόσθετα School of Design, Student, εμπλουτίζει το παρόν μεHarvard αξίες University, μέσω της Graduate πνευματικής ειλικρίνειας που το By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect χαρακτηρίζει. of the School of Architecture Το πολιτιστικό τοπίο λειτουργεί ως έναStudent δυναμικό σύστημα πνευματικής Technical University Crete μετάδοσης μνήμης και γνώσης στις μετέπειτα γενεές, η αξία διατήρησηςofείναι σημαντική και καθοριστική τη σωστή 1. Introductory approach:για Defining theπορεία conceptτης ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης. Ένα μνημείο ωστόσο διακρίνεται και από την και χωρική του αξία. 1. Introductory approach: the έντονη conceptυλική ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BCενός - 370αρχαιολογικού BC, Athens), Χαρακτηριστικά που the αντιλαμβάνεται κανείς άμεσα στο τοπίο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χώρου. among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term ΖΗΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟΥ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΤΟΠΙΩΝ 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΠΙΟΥ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΧΩΡΩΝ 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Η ofΜΝΗΜΗ social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Η of ανάδειξη της μνήμης τουofτόπου αποτελεί κύριο προσανατολισμό για την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherαρχαιολογικού consequencesχώρου. has, results also rising of και landη prices (and του theof ανάδειξη ενός Ο σχεδιασμός του διαχείριση whatever otherαυτή consequences has,Αυτό results also rising landπρόσφατα. prices (and the potential relative speculation). στοχεύουν προς τη κατεύθυνση. συνέβαινε έστωofμέχρι potential relative speculation). TheΗterm gentrification is found του at first in the UK του in early 1960sμέσα and itαπό refersτην to ανάγκη της ανάκτησης χαρακτήρα τοπίου The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of ανάδειξη συγκεκριμένων χαρακτηριστικών στοιχείων του όπως αυτό της μνήμης,to the then observed trend wealthy peopleτου to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof παρόλα αυτά δεν αποτελεί πλέον στόχο σχεδιασμού, και αυτόareas διότι London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. παρατηρήθηκε μια απρόσωπη στάση απέναντί στο τοπίο και το χαρακτήρα που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth το διακρίνει που δεν ανταποκρίνονται στα σύγχρονα δεδομένα. AΣυνεπώς, description this phenomenon is situations includedρόλο inwere theστο work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major η ofμνήμη παίζει καθοριστικό σχεδιασμό όμως η GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Westernτης countries, by other Researchers. αντιμετώπιση θα πρέπει να είναι εργαλείο και όχι στόχος. Ο σχεδιασμός cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue preoccupied several scholars for its more οφείλει να λαμβάνει υπ’has όψιν σημαίνοντα στοιχεία της and τοπικής μνήμης, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive are being below, various χρησιμοποιώντας approach τα, όμως, ως βάση για summarized μια ορθή επέμβαση. Σεfrom καμία περίπτωση comprehensive approach being summarized below, fromμια the βασική various δεν επιφέρει πρέπει να μηνare λαμβάνεται υπ’ όψιν είναι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, theκαθώς following: interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: ιδιαιτερότητα του αρχαιολογικού τοπίου. In a sense, the phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money ΜΝΗΜΗ ΚΑΙ ΑΡΧΙΤΕΚΤΟΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑ and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born Η safety μνήμηat είναι το έδαφος της προσωπικής μας ταυτότητας. Μέσα από αυτήin sense of the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: κατανοείται το παρόν, η αντίληψη της δε σημαίνει στην services of health, education, entertainment “at theαπαραίτητα heart of theπροσήλωση city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ιστορία. Αντιθέτως η αντίληψη της και η αναγνώριση της στο τόπο στοχεύει στο lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where επαναπροσδιορισμό σεstudies έναapproach, νέο πλαίσιο. in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another the is due a systematic and University Collegeαποτελεί of London, where she continued social research. Herπου public and Η μνήμη συνδετικό κρίκοher που συνδέει αυτό βιώνουμε long-term informal effort το by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. τώρα, αυτήreal τηCOLLINS δεδομένη χρονική στιγμή, με το παρελθόν καιof το μέλλον μας. in Η and selling estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σημασία της μνήμης στηρίζεται στο γεγονός του αυτοπροσδιορισμού, αυτό που G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ΤΟ ΠΝΕΥΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΠΟΥConcerns (Genius loci)
θυμάμαι από το παρελθόν μου καθορίζει το ποιος είμαι τώρα και με πολλούς τρόπους επηρεάζει το τί θα κάνω στο μέλλον. Η μνήμη καθορίζει τη δημιουργία του τόπου. Είμαστε ότι θυμόμαστε.
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Κάθε τόπος αποτελεί έναν χώρο που διαθέτει έναν ιδιαίτερο χαρακτήρα. Μια από τις θεμελιώδεις ανάγκες του ανθρώπου είναι να βιώνει το νόημα της George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ύπαρξης οποιαδήποτέ χειρονομίας, By καιMr. σκοπός της τέχνης είναι ακριβώς να Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, διαφυλάσσει και να μεταδίδει νοήματα. Ένας αρχαιολογικός χώρος οφείλει να By Mr. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διαφυλάσσει αλλά και να μεταβιβάζει τη George-Sp. βαθύτατη έννοια του νοήματος της Student of the School of Architecture κατασκευής στο περιπατητή. Universityαπό of Crete Οι τόποι έχουν έναν χαρακτήρα με τον βαθμό Technical του να εξαρτάται το χρόνο: αλλάζει με τις εποχές, την ώρα της ημέρας, τις καιρικές συνθήκες, όλες 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αυτές οι μεταβολές approach: συγκροτούν την ατμόσφαιρα τόπου. Για να μπορέσει 1. Introductory the conceptτου ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 Athens), όμως ο άνθρωπος ναthe προσανατολιστεί πρέπει να κατανοήσει την BC, αίσθηση του ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χώρου και να είναι γνώστης του που βρίσκεται. Ταυτόχρονα πρέπει να ταυτιστεί among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. με το περιβάλλον, δηλαδή, πρέπει να ξέρει πως και ο ίδιος είναι ένας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term συγκεκριμένος τόπος. Απο παλιά το genius loci αναγνωρίζεται ως η ουσία, η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) the area of Planning) gentrification πραγματικότητα την οποία το άτομο αντιλαμβάνεται και στην οποία πρέπει (or να 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various προσαρμόσει τη καθημερινή του ζωή. Το ρωμαϊκό genius loci χαρακτηρίζει το Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), social groups, usually δυνάμεις of low-income and the placement there of artists, πνεύμαofτου τόπου, τις αόρατες που υπάρχουν στη φύση και καθορίζουν ways), of ενός social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation ofτόπου. art galleries, restaurants, etc.έχει However “change”, regardless of την ουσία Κάθε ανεξάρτητο όν το δικό του (genius) δαιμόνιο, το the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other του. consequences has, results also rising land prices (and theof πνεύμα φύλακα Το πνεύμα αυτό δίνει δίδει ζωή στονof άνθρωπο και στο τόπο, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential speculation). είναι αυτόrelative που αποδίδει το χαρακτήρα και την ουσία της ύπαρξης. potential relative speculation). TheΤο term gentrification is found first in the in early 1960s andνα it refers to genius δίνει νόημα στηνatύπαρξη καιUK στο που στοχεύει φτάσει The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of σύμφωνα με τον Louis Kahn. Ο άνθρωπος στην αρχαιότητα κατανοούσε έντοναto the then observed wealthy peopleη toαναγνώριση buy property in poor London, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof αυτή τηνupgrade ουσία them, και trend βίωνε το περιβάλλον, αυτής της areas ουσίας London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. οδήγησε στη συμφιλίωσή του με το genius της τοποθεσίας όπου η ζωή του being indirectly “squeezed”. A description this ήταν phenomenon is included in the of του. Sociologist Ruth λάμβανε χώρα καιofόπου σημαντική για την ίδια την work ύπαρξή AΟdescription ofθα thisπρέπει phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while inναother άνθρωπος ναsimilar μπορέσει να προσανατολιστεί, ξέρειmajor που GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by να other Researchers. βρίσκεται. Θα πρέπει ακόμα ταυτιστεί με το περιβάλλον, δηλαδή πρέπει να cities in Western bypreoccupied other Since then, the issueαποτελεί has several τόπο. scholars and for της its more γνωρίζει πως και οcountries, ίδιος έναResearchers. συγκεκριμένο Στο πλαίσιο δικής Since then,ηthe issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the μας συζήτησης, ουσία εστιάζεται στο να μάθουμε να below, βλέπουμε, η ανάπτυξη της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various αίσθησης της όρασης και της ενόρασης όλων αυτώνthe των χαρακτηριστικών είναι interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: σημαντική γιαthe ένα τέτοιο χώρο is όπως οtoαρχαιολογικός. In a sense, phenomenon dueof a trend of a new of social groups Θα πρέπει να ασκήσουμε την ικανότητα του να "βλέπουμε" τα in νοήματα to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money των πραγμάτων και την ουσία αυτών που μας περιβάλλουν, είτε είναι φυσικά and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from«στίγματα» Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born είτε 1.ανθρωπογενή. Τα ενός αρχαιολογικού χώρου πάντα λένεin sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ιστορίες.ofΜας διηγούνται γιαentertainment το πως φτιάχτηκαν, μας λένε τις (possibly) ιστορικές services health, education, “at the heart of theγια city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for συνθήκες μέσα στις οποίες δημιουργήθηκαν. Και μέσα από όλη αυτή την lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, αναγωγή μαςpublished αποκαλύπτεται η αλήθεια. Αυτά τα τεκμήρια πρέπει ο σχεδιασμός in According 1943 she studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College of να London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and να διαφυλάξει, και αναγάγει ώστε ναgroups, επακολουθήσει αυτή ηbrokers πορεία προς την long-term informal effort by organized manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αλήθεια. Ο real σχεδιασμός πρέπει ναCodepreciation εντείνει αυτήinitially την WIKIPEDIA: εμπειρία περιπατητή and selling estate, etc., for the of partτου of the urban web,και in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: να τείνει στη διεκπεραίωση της. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Η ΜΕΤΑΒΛΗΤΟΤΗΤΑ Η μεταβλητότητα αναφέρεται στη ομοιομορφία μια οντότητας και στη σχέση μεταξύ των στοιχείων ενός συνόλου. Η μεταβλητότητα ενός χώρου στην αρχιτεκτονική, είναι μια μορφή εξέλιξης και συμπεριλαμβάνει την δυνατότητα της μεταβολής, της αλλαγής, της απόκλισης από το σύνηθες. Η μεταβλητότητα ενός χώρου στην αρχιτεκτονική, αποτελεί μια μορφή εξέλιξης και By μεταβολής, Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συμπεριλαμβάνει την δυνατότητα της της αλλαγής, της απόκλισης University, School Design, Student, από το σύνηθες. Στο Harvard σύγχρονο αστικό Graduate περιβάλλον ο ofπαράγοντας της Mr. προσκήνιο George-Sp.λόγω C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect μεταβλητότητας στο τοπίο έρχεταιByστο των αναγκών για Student ofδεδομένων, the Schoolεκτοπίζοντας of Architecture επίλυση του ζητήματος των συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενων Technical of Crete τις στατικές αντιμετωπίσεις που τα παλαιότερα πρότυπα και οιUniversity τυπολογίες της σταθερότητας προήγαγαν. Για παράδειγμα σε ένα αρχαιολογικό χώρο όπου η 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ύπαρξη του ελεύθερα δημόσιου χώρου, εκτός ορίων είναι περιορισμένη ή και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, σχεδόν ανύπαρκτη, οthe ίδιος ο χώρος χαρακτηρίζεται αυτομάτως μονότονος και ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among heritageεναλλαγής he left us,και he established(444 great the βαρετόςother λόγο wise της έλλειψης συμμετοχής, οa δημόσιος χώρος είναι ο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. χώρος που ο περιπατητής αντιλαμβάνεται ως μέρος δράσης του και ο αυστηρά acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this a first, if of not final, theκαι term αρχαιολογικός ως έκθεμα. Η“principle” έλλειψη λήψης αποφάσεων γιαapproach, σχεδιασμό τη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification δημιουργία χώρων συλλογικότητας, προκαλεί στους περιπατητές αδράνεια και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal this, (in various αδυναμία για δημιουργία της ελευθερίας τηςarea, έκφρασης αλλά from και της πνευματικής Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of αναζήτησης. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofτέτοιων art galleries, restaurants, thisσαν “change”, regardless of Η εικόνα χώρων θα πρέπειetc. να However εμφανίζεται ένα μεταβαλλόμενο the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences results also rising of land prices (and theof σύμπλεγμαother δραστηριοτήτων πουhas, εξελίσσονται σταδιακά. H μεταβλητότητα δίνεις whatever otherspeculation). consequences results also of του landτόπου pricesκαθώς (and the potential relative το χώρο ξεχωριστές εμπειρίες καιhas, αναβαθμίζει τη rising αίσθηση ο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to περιπατητής βιώνει και οικειοποιείται το χώρο. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy toενεργά buy property inστη poor ofto Η ιδιότητα του τοπίου να ενσωματώνει στη δομή, μορφή και the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are στη σημασία του τον παράγοντα της πολυμορφίας είναι το στοιχείο που τοof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there andόσο thusκαι oldως residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. καθιστά ικανό να προσαρμοστεί τόσο ως μεταβαλλόμενο σταθερό being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon included in the workπόλης of Sociologist Ruth σύστημα αναφοράς στην υπάρχουσα isδομή της σύγχρονης των μεγάλων A description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the period, whileχρονικά, similar recorded in other major ταχυτήτων καιsame τωνofασύνδετων, γεγονότων. Αυτή η συσχέτιση αποδίδει GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μοναδικές ποιότητας στο χώρο. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from Η ΣΗΜΑΣΙΑapproach ΤΗΣ ΑΤΜΟΣΦΑΙΡΑΣ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Σε ένα αρχαιολογικό χώρο, of η gentrification, ατμόσφαιρα αποτελεί βασικό παράγοντα interpretations of the phenomenon the following: interpretations the phenomenon of the following: κατανόησης ουσίας του τόπου. Για να καταφέρει ο άνθρωπος αντιληφθεί In a sense,της theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category ofναsocial groups το τοπίο ενός αρχαιολογικού χώρου δεν αρκεί απλά να παρατηρήσει τη στατική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money εικόνα του, αντίθετα να περπατήσει το χώρου να τον and time to travel fromπρέπει the purlieus to downtown, whereκαι work placeαφουγκραστεί is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasκαι born με όλες τις αισθήσεις του. Η κατάλληλη ατμόσφαιρα να search διεγείρει ναin sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside townτείνει centres, better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ενεργοποιήσει τις αισθήσεις αυτή τη κατεύθυνση. services of health, education,προς entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Η ατμόσφαιρα εκφράζει τη σχέση ανάμεσα στην αίσθηση του τόπου και lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, στις απρόβλεπτες συνθήκες πουthe ενεργοποιούνται λόγω δυναμικής in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, phenomenon is due aτης systematic and University informal College of London, where she her social research. brokers Her public and αλληλεπίδρασης του ανθρώπου με continued τοgroups, φυσικό, αρχιτεκτονικό και κοινωνικόlong-term effort by organized manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πολιτιστικό υπόβαθρο πουfor υπάρχει μέσα σε έναinitially αρχαιολογικό χώρο. and selling real estate, etc., theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Η διαχείριση αυτής της σχέσης κατά τον σχεδιασμό επιτρέπει την «ευαίσθητη» προσέγγιση του αρχαιολογικού περιβάλλοντος, η οποία στηρίζεται, εκτός από τις τεχνικές, αισθητικές και λειτουργικές παραμέτρους και στο συναίσθημα (affect) και στο πώς αυτό μπορεί να εξωτερικευτεί από προσωπική έκφραση σε συλλογική με στόχο την ανάδειξη όχι του σχεδιασμού αλλά του υπάρχον. Η ατμόσφαιρα συναποτελείται από συναισθήματα και βιώματά. Tα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS βιώματα επηρεάζονται από τις εμπειρίες του παρελθόντος (μνήμες), τις University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φαντασιώσεις (όνειρα) καιHarvard την πραγματικότητα (σκέψεις) κατά τη διάρκεια της Architect δράσης του υποκειμένου στον χώρο. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
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Η ΚΙΝΗΣΗ Μια ιδιαιτερότητα τουDefining τοπίου και ιδιαίτερα του πολιτισμικού είναι η 1. Introductory approach: the concept κίνηση. Η κίνηση ως μέσο καθορίζει και οργανώνει το χώρο και άγει τον 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), περιπατητή σε ένα the χωροχρονικό ταξίδι. Η εμπειρία(444 τηςBC κίνησης αλλά και η ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ποιότητας αυτής καθιστά ένα τέτοιο χώρο πετυχημένο ή όχι στην αμεσότητα among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. μετάδοσης γνώσης και εμπειρίας. Η κίνηση μέσα στο τοπίο ανέκαθεν αποτελούσε acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ένα στοιχείο του σχεδιασμού το οποίο έπαιζε καθοριστικό ρόλο. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”χώρο inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area ofάλλο Planning) (or gentrification Η κίνηση σε ένα αρχαιολογικό δεν είναι τίποτα από μία 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various διαδρομή, μία προκαθορισμένη πορεία που παρουσιάζεται σαν μία σειρά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually ofκαι low-income andμε theστόχο placement there of artists, χωροχρονικών ανασκοπήσεων εμπειριών, τη μετατροπή του ways), of social groups, usually ofσεlow-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of επισκέπτη απόofαπλό παρατηρητή αφηγητή του έργου. the operation ofconsequences art However this “change”, regardless whatever other has, results also rising ofως land prices (and theof Η σημασία τηςgalleries, κίνησης restaurants, έγκειται στηetc. λειτουργία της στοιχείο ανάλυσης whatever other consequences results also rising of land prices (andως the potential relative και σύνθεσης τουspeculation). αρχιτεκτονικούhas, χώρου. Η κίνηση αντιμετωπίζεται όχι μόνο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early and itαλλά refersως to συνθήκη λειτουργικής διασύνδεσης δραστηριοτήτων και 1960s ενοτήτων The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of συνθετική συνθήκη συγκρότησης της αντίληψης που αποκαλύπτει και καθορίζειto the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus residents areof σχέσεις και ποιότητες χώρου ως αναπόσπαστου τμήματος της old αρχιτεκτονικής London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. πρότασης. Η διερεύνηση της οδηγεί στη εμβάθυνση των ποιοτικών being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofτου thisτόπου, phenomenon is included inχώρο the work of Sociologist Ruth χαρακτηριστικών με τον αρχαιολογικό ο οποίος συνήθως κατά Aλόγο description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while inστην other major κύριο είναι οριοθετημένος ναsimilar λειτουργεί σαν θεατρική σκηνή, οποία ο GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. παρατηρητής είναι προκαθορισμένος από το σχεδιαστή. Σε ένα τέτοιο σκηνικό με cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issueδιαδρομή has several scholars άλλοτε and forωςitsθεατής more μια μελετημένη τοπιακή ο Researchers. παρατηρητής λειτουργεί Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from και άλλοτε ως ηθοποιός. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: – ΣΚΩΤΑΔΙ ΩΣ ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ ΧΩΡΟΥ In aΦΩΣ sense, theof phenomenon is dueof toΤΟΥ a trend of a new of social groups Το φως είναι, εκτός από μέσο προβολής της ομορφιάς, μέσο αποκάλυψης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money της αλήθειας των πραγμάτων. Οι εναλλαγές του φωτός και σκιάς and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is,της lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born μεταμορφώνουν έναdistributed αρχαιολογικό τοπίο όπως και town ένα αρχαιολογικό εύρημα. Τοin sense of safety at the residencies outside centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: φως βιώνεται απόeducation, τον άνθρωπο ως τμήμα της Από(possibly) την άλλη services of health, entertainment “at πραγματικότητας. the heart of the city”, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for μεριά, το σκοτάδι προσδίδει στο χώρο την ασάφεια και την κρυπτότητα. Όπου lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where εισέρχεται φως, σβήνει ηregarding μαγεία.the Η phenomenon εσωτερικότητα των αντικειμένων in According 1943 sheτο published studies city planning. In 1950 sheto became teacherτους in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and εξαφανίζεται, η γοητεία υποχωρεί. long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Η ομορφιά δημιουργείται από τις διαβαθμίσεις τουof φωτός και του and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: σκοταδιού, από τις πολλαπλές αποχρώσεις της σκιάς των αντικειμένων. Έτσι σε G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ένα αρχαιολογικό χώρο η βαθμιδωτή εναλλαγή τέτοιων σημείων έρχεται να προσδώσει μια απόκοσμη εμπειρία στο χρήστη, μια εμπειρία χρονική και αποκαλυπτική. Όσο για το φως, ως μια από τις πιο κρίσιμες μορφές της φύσης προσδίδει στο χώρο μια εξαιρετικά δραματική έκφραση. Ο αρχαιολογικός χώρος έμμεσα αναδεικνύεται με την ποιότητα της ατμόσφαιρας.
ΘΕΑΤΡΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ ΤΟΠΙΟΥ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Σε αρχαιολογικό χώρο αναδεικνύεται αρχικά το σύμβολο της αρχέγονης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, σχέσης, της επαφής του ανθρώπου με το πολιτισμικό στοιχείο, τη θάλασσα και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect κατ’ επέκταση τη φύση. Studentέντονα of the School Architecture Οι αρχαιολογικοί χώροι χαρακτηρίζονται από of μια έντονη Technical University of Crete θεατρικότητα η οποία ενισχύεται από το ελληνικό ιδιαίτερο τοπίο. Όλα τα θεατρικά έργα εκτυλίσσονται μπροστά από ένα σκηνικό, φυσικό ή τεχνητό. Ο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept θεατής πρέπει να ενεργοποιήσει τη φαντασία του για να καταλάβει το μέρος στο 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, theτοancient Greek philosopher, οποίο διαδραματίζεται έργο που παρακολουθεί. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), amongΗother wise heritage left us, he established a great παρακολούθηση τουheέργου προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα στο θεατή the να among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content ξεφύγει από την πραγματικότητα, ενώ ταυτόχρονα του δημιουργείconcepts. ένα αίσθημα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term ελευθερίας. Με τον ίδιο τρόπο στους αρχαιολογικούς χώρους δεν επιτρέπεται η 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onτων this “principle” inindicated a first, ifπου notthe final, approach, the στο term gentrification) (in area of Planning) (or gentrification πλήρης αποκατάσταση μνημείων, οιisεργασίες πραγματοποιούνται 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πλαίσιο της συντήρησης, προστασίας και αποκατάστασης είναι μόνο οι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social usuallyαπλώς of low-income αναγκαίες ώστεgroups, να δηλώνεται ο χώρος. and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences results also rising ofΧΩΡΟΥ land prices (and theof Η ΕΜΠΕΙΡΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΤΟΠΟΥhas, ΕΝΟΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΟΥ whatever other consequences has, results of land (and the potential relative speculation). Η ουσία του τόπου εξελίσσεται μέσω also της rising εμπειρίας, τουprices βιώματος. Η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επαφή του ανθρώπου με το χώρο, τον ιδιαίτερο χώρο μιας αρχαιολογικής The term gentrification found first inένα the UK in early 1960s andβιωματική itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in μια poor οντότητας που περικλείεται σε μια at μορφή, σχήμα, συνιστά the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof διαδικασία που καλεί τη συμμετοχή όλων των αισθήσεων, ολόκληρης της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης του επισκέπτη για την αποκωδικοποίηση και τη μεταφορά being indirectly “squeezed”. description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth τηςAγνώσης. AΗdescription ofουσία this phenomenon is situations included inwere theχώρου work ofπαύει Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar recorded in other major βαθύτερη της επίσκεψης ενός τέτοιου να αφορά GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other αποκλειστικά μόνο την αίσθηση τηςResearchers. όρασης, αλλά η επιτυχία αυτής κρίνεται από cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue and for its more τον τρόπο ακριβώς πουhas επιτυγχάνει να several κεντρίσειscholars όλες τις αισθήσεις του Since then, the issue has several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the επισκέπτη, να γεννήσει συναισθήματα και ιδέες. Ο επισκέπτης παρατηρεί και comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various βιώνει το χώρο ως αρχαιολογικό ταυτόχρονα αντιλαμβάνεται και interpretations of the phenomenon ofτεκμήριο, gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations theτου phenomenon of theαφή, following: ενισχύει την εμπειρία σε αυτόν την την οσμή, τηνgroups ακοή In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueεπικαλούμενος togentrification, a trend of a new category of social του και τιςtoάλλες αισθήσεις του.purlieus Όλα αυτά συνεισφέρουν στηνcosts εμπειρία που to “return” the city, leaving the for several reasons: high in money αποδίδει ο ίδιος ο χώρος και που η σημασία της είναι καθοριστική για and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofτην the 1.of The termat comes fromνοήματος. Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASSπρέπει wasbetter born επιτυχή μετάδοση Η εμπειρία ενός τέτοιου τόπου ναin sense safety theτου distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: κορυφώνεται με education, την συναισθηματική κάθαρση και την απογύμνωση του services of health, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for ανθρώπου από τα καθημερινά του πάθη. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Οι Αρχαιολογικοί χώροι και το ιστορικό τοπίο γενικότερα έχουν and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web,τη in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: δυνατότητα να προβάλλουν τα στοιχεία του παρελθόντος στο παρόν με έναν G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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ειλικρινή τρόπο. Η προσφορά τους μέγιστη αν σκεφτεί κανείς το πνευματικό φορτίο που φέρουν στους επισκέπτες. Ο σχεδιασμός γύρω από αρχαιολογικούς χώρους αποτελεί μια σημαντική χειρονομία που θα πρέπει να βασίζεται όχι σε εξευγενισμό της πληροφορίας αλλά στη δημιουργία καλύτερης ατμόσφαιρας και συνθηκών για την μετάδοση αυτής. Η ανάδειξη των ευρημάτων και του συνόλου του πολιτισμικού τοπίου πρέπει να είναι ο βασικός στόχος. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Σημαντικό όμως είναι ο σχεδιασμός δημιουργικών επισκέψιμων χώρων Harvard University, School Design, Student, που δεν θα αποβλέπουν στο σχεδιασμό ενός Graduate νέου τοπίου αλλάofτην ανάδειξη του By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect υφιστάμενου, με σεβασμό προς την ιστορικότητα του τόπου, τις πολιτισμικές και of the School of Architecture τοπιακές ιδιαιτερότητες. Ο τρόπος χειρισμούStudent του τοπίου έχει ως στόχο να κατανοήσει τις δυναμικές διαδικασίες που λαμβάνουνTechnical μέρος σεUniversity αυτό και of ναCrete τις αξιοποιήσει με στόχο την ανάδειξη. Οι ποιότητες του τοπίου του δίνουν τη 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept δυνατότητα να λειτουργήσει σε μία δυναμική σχέση με τα ασταθή πεδία της 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek philosopher, σύγχρονης ζωής. Τα the παραπάνω παραδείγματα συγκεντρώνουν ένα σύνολο από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444great BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, established the τα χαρακτηριστικά τα οποία οφείλει έναςheσχεδιασμός ναaεμπεριέχει σε ένα τέτοιο among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. ιδιαίτερο χώρο. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Το πολιτισμικό τοπίο αποτελεί ένα δυναμικό φαινόμενο, του οποίου οι 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ιδιόμορφες ποιότητες μπορούν να ενσωματωθούν σε the όλους τους τομείς του 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σύγχρονου σχεδιασμού, χωρίς αυτοί να χαρακτηρίζονται απαραίτητα από τοπικά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually and the placement of artists, χαρακτηριστικά. Παρόλα αυτά of τα low-income ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά του there κάθε τόπου θα ways), of groups, usually ofκαι low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However “change”, regardless of πρέπει να social λαμβάνονται υπόψιν ναetc. καθορίζουν εν μέρη τοthere σχεδιαστικό the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.να However whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (andαλλά theof αποτέλεσμα. Οιofεπεμβάσεις είναι σημαντικό ενσωματώνονται στο regardless τοπίο whatever other consequences has,Τα results also rising of land prices (and να the potential relative ταυτόχρονα να speculation). εντείνουν αυτό. τοπιακά χαρακτηριστικά πρέπει potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s andτου it refers to καταγράφονται και να αποκωδικοποιούνται για UK τη σωστή ανάγνωση τοπίου. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of Οι αρχαιότητες δεν πρέπει να παραμελούνται εις βάρος του σχεδιασμού, οto the then observed trend wealthy peopleπαράγοντες to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes andγια thusτην old residents areof σεβασμός και η ειλικρίνεια είναι σημαντικοί επιτυχία της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. επέμβασης. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisο phenomenon is included in the work ofνα Sociologist Είναι σημαντικό σχεδιασμός ενός αρχαιολογικού χώρου έχει στόχοRuth την A description of this phenomenon isτην included inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS atτου the στο same period, while similar situations in otherκαι major απόδοσή σύγχρονο άνθρωπο, απλή μετάδοση τηςofγνώσης της GLASS at the same period, similar situations were recordedκαι in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ιστορίας με απλό τρόπο, μηwhile εξευγενισμένο αλλά με ειλικρίνεια σεβασμό. cities inόλων Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,των the issue has several and for its more Στόχος επεμβάσεων σε ιστορικά σύνολα scholars είναι η ενεργοποίηση της Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for its more comprehensive areατμόσφαιρας being summarized below, from various δομής του τοπίου approach αλλά και της σε αυτά. Οι σχεδιαστικές προτάσεις comprehensive approach areτην being summarized the various πρέπει να εστιάζουν προς αυτήν χωρίς όμως ναfrom παραμελούνται interpretations of the phenomenon ofκατεύθυνση gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: άλλοι παράγοντες που στα παραπάνω In aσημαντικοί sense, theof phenomenon isόπως dueof toαυτοί a trend of aαναφέρθηκαν new of social groups έργα. Η αναφορά τους κυρίως έγινε για τα ιδιαίτερα αυτά χαρακτηριστικά και όχι to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money τόσο για το σχολιασμό της ίδιας της πρότασης. Ο τρόπος αντίληψης του and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1.of The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth άνθρωπος GLASS for wasbetter born in πολιτισμικού τοπίου είναι σίγουρα μια λεπτή έννοια, καιcentres, ο κάθε μέσω sense safety atcomes the distributed residencies outside town search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: των αισθήσεων προσπαθεί ναentertainment το αναγνωρίσει το οικειοποιηθεί, με στόχο services of health, education, “atκαι theναheart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for την ενεργοποίηση της μνήμης. Με την μελέτη που προηγήθηκε οδηγούμαστε στο lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, γενικότερο ότι οregarding τρόποςthe σύνδεσης τουInτόπου μεto τον άνθρωπο in According 1943 sheσυμπέρασμα published studies cityphenomenon planning. 1950 she became teacherείναι in the to another approach, is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and μια σχέσηinformal αμφίδρομη και μεταβλητή, με διαφορετικό τρόπο και από long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. διαφορετικούς παράγοντες, μέσα στο χώρο καιinitially το χρόνο. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Από τα παραδείγματα που αναλύθηκαν είδαμε πώς διαφέρει ο τρόπος αντίληψης του τόπου, της φύσης και των εννοιών που συνοδεύουν αυτές της έννοιες ανάλογα με το πνευματικό υπόβαθρο, την εκάστοτε ευαισθησία αλλά και ένα σύνολο από άλλους παράγοντες. Παρόλο που οι συνθήκες αλλάζουν κατά το πέρασμα του χρόνου, η ανάγνωση του τόπου από τον άνθρωπο παραμένει σε κάποιο βαθμό αναλλοίωτη.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ: Harvard University, Graduate of Design, Student, Αστρεινίδου, Π. 1997 Οι παρεμβάσεις σε δέκαSchool αρχαιολογικούς χώρους By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ερμηνεία και σχεδιασμός. Στο Διαμορφώσεις 10 αρχαιολογικών χώρων. Η Student of the School “άγνωστη” πόλη. (επιμ. Π. Αστρεινίδου, Σ. Λυμπέρη): 14-7. Αθήνα:of9ηArchitecture Εφορεία Technical University of Crete Βυζαντινών Αρχαιοτήτων, UNTIMELY BOOKS. Ananiadou-Tzimopoulou, M., 2005the Landscape 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept projects as society’s projects. Ιasme Transactions WSEAS 4. 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Anagnostopoulos, G. (ed.) Greek 1998 Art and Landscape, IFLA Central Region ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Symposium Proceedings, Athens: Michelis among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. Βουδούρη Δάφνη και Αναστασία Στρατή 1999, Η προστασία της acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς σε Διεθνές και Ευρωπαϊκό Επίπεδο: Κείμενα , Αθήνα: 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification Σάκκουλας . (and 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Γούλα, Μ. (2003), Η επιστροφή στο μεσογειακό τοπίο: το τοπίο ως Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and theremoval placement σύγχρονη προσέγγιση του περιβάλλοντος και της φύσης, στο Μανωλίδης Κ. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of (επιμ.), Ωραίο,of φριχτό κι απέριττο τοπίον:etc. αναγνώσεις και προοπτικές του τοπίου the operation ofconsequences art Θεσσαλονίκη: galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof στην Ελλάδα, 15-33, Εκδόσεις Νησίδες. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, resultsΣχεδιασμός also risingστην of land prices (andτου the potential relative Κανταρτζής, Α.Ν.,1991. Ο Οικολογικός Αρχιτεκτονική potential relative speculation). The termΤοπίου. gentrification is found Διατριβή, at first in the UK in early 1960s and it Αθηνών, refers to Ελληνικού Διδακτορική Γεωργικό Πανεπιστήμιο The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas Αθήνα. the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Καραλή, Λ., 1990. Εισαγωγή στην Περιβαλλοντική Αρχαιολογία. London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Πανεπιστημιακές Παραδόσεις, Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Τμήμα Ιστορίας και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Αρχαιολογίας, Αθήνα. AΚαραλή, description ofperiod, thisΗphenomenon is situations included inwere theστην workαποκατάσταση of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major Λ., 1998. Περιβαλλοντική Αρχαιολογία του GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ιστορικού Τοπίου. Πρακτικά Διημερίδας για την Αυτοφυή Βλάστηση στους cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherΕταιρία, Researchers. Since then, the issueΕλληνική has severalΦίλων scholars for its more αρχαιολογικούς Χώρους, ‘Ένωση τηςand Ακροπόλεως και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from Μπενάκειο Φυτοπαθολογικό Ινστιτούτο Αθήνας. comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various Κοζυράκη, 2006 Ολοκληρωμένη Διαχείρισηthe καιbelow, ανάδειξη πολιτισμικώνinterpretations ofΜ. the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: αρχαιολογικών Η περίπτωση της κεντρικής Κρήτης,of social Διδακτορική In a sense, theτοπίων: phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new groups Διατριβή. Θεσσαλονίκη: Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών Ειδίκευση to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Επιστήμης Οπωροκηπευτικών, Θεσσαλονίκης. and time toτων travel from the purlieus Αριστοτέλειο to downtown,Πανεπιστήμιο where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASSoffor was born in Koziraki, M.residencies 2004 Enhancement andcentres, integration historic sense of safety atM., theTratsela, distributed outside town search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: monuments into the urban landscape: a “play” between time New services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the and city”,space. (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Landscapes for Old Structures and New Structures in Old Landscapes, IFLA lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where Central Conference, 3-5 May, Pragu. in According 1943Region she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and Λάββας Γιώργος Π. by (1984), «Προστασία μνημείων και συνόλων - action Βασικές long-term informal effort organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. έννοιες, ιδεολογία καιetc., μεθοδολογία», Θεσσαλονίκη Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο and selling realCOLLINS estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Θεσσαλονίκης – Υπηρεσία Δημοσιευμάτων. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Η ελευθερία έκφρασης GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, και πληροφόρησης των Πολιτών: Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Μύθοι και πραγματικότητες Concerns
Του κ. Αθαν. ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗ Φοιτητού Νομικής Σχολής Πανεπ. ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Πάφος By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Τα Μέλη των σύγχρονων Πολιτικών Κοινωνικών Student ofκαι the School of Architecture Technical University δομών, ανεξαρτήτως μεγέθους, είτε δηλαδή πρόκειται περίof Crete
διεθνών, είτε περί εθνικών, είτεconcept περί τοπικών, λόγω της 1. Introductory approach: Defining the 1. φύσεως Introductory Defining the concept (444 των approach: δομών, έχουν προσπορισθεί εξ αυτών διάφορες ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), δυνατότητες, αλλά, εξ άλλης πλευράς, καλούνται ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC,να Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge startshe with of theτων content of“principle”: concepts. αντιμετωπίσουν σειρά προβλημάτων, μεταξύ οποίων είναι acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term και εκείνα της ενδο-επικοινωνίας, της επικοινωνίας, με Μέλη 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term area of Planning) (or gentrification άλλων δομών, κ.ά. gentrification) 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Η διαχείριση όμως των διαφόρων επιπέδων επικοινωνίας Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, είναι θέμα ρυθμιζόμενο υπό πολλών και ποικίλων ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless καθεστώτων, όπως π.χ.has, Διεθνών Οργανισμών και prices Διεθνών whatever other consequences results also rising of land (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Συμβάσεων, Διακηρύξεων, Κανονισμών, Οικονομικών και potential relative speculation). TheΠολιτικών term gentrification is found atΕθνικών first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Οντοτήτων, Ρυθμίσεων, Κωδίκων The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Δεοντολογίας κ.ά. of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of the then observed trend London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Εξ όλων αυτών των ρυθμίσεων, το ενδιαφέρον του London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. παρόντος άρθρου εστιάζεται στις οικείες ρυθμίσεις του A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΧάρτου description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work Ένωσης. of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. Όπωςcountries, είναι γνωστόν, ο Χάρτης1 είναι προϊόν μακράς cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has scholars and forη its more σειράς διαβουλεύσεων Οργάνων τηςseveral Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe forδε its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various σχετική of απόφαση σύνταξής τουsummarized έχει ληφθεί την 4η Ιουνίου comprehensive approach are being from the various interpretations the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: διαρκουσών των εργασιών Διάσκεψης τουgroups In a1999, sense, the phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of aτης new of social Ευρωπαϊκού Συμβουλίου στην Κολωνία. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time toΤελικώς, travel fromτοtheκείμενο purlieus του to downtown, where work place Χάρτη έχει εγκριθεί υπόis, lack του of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, της του Κοινοβουλίου και Berlin,Συμβουλίου where she made herΕυρωπαϊκής first studies. In Ένωσης, 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)for Youthτης Unemployment. The same she left Germany and afterεργασιών continuous movements Επιτροπής κατάyearτην διάρκεια των του lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, Συμβουλίου στην Νίκαια, την 7η Δεκεμβρίου 2007, ενώ περί in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are 1 characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Βλ. Κωνστ. etc., ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Το Δίκαιο τηςofΕυρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. and selling real estate, for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Τόμ. Α΄. Αθήναι, 2010, σ. 142 επόμ. Εκδ. Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
134
Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης (Κ.Ε.Μ.Ε.Α.).
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
των ρυθμίσεών του η Μεταρρυθμιστική Συνθήκη της 13ης Δεκεμβρίου 2007 απεφάνθη, ότι έχουν νομική δεσμευτική ισχύ. Ο Χάρτης περιλαμβάνει σε ενιαίο κείμενο σύνολο Πολιτικών, Κοινωνικών και Οικονομικών Δικαιωμάτων τόσο των Πολιτών των Κρατών - Μελών της Ένωσης, όσο και των By Mr. George-Sp.της. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαμενόντων εντός της έκτασης δικαιοδοσίας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Των ρυθμίσεων προηγείται Προοίμιο, όπου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect διακηρύσσονται οι αξίες και οι Student αρχές of της και the Ένωσης School of Architecture Technical University of Crete ακολουθούν 54 άρθρα. Θέματαapproach: επικοινωνίας ενthe γένει, συναρτώμενα με την 1. Introductory Defining concept 1. ελευθερία Introductory the concept (444 BC τηςapproach: έκφρασης και τηςphilosopher, πληροφόρησης, προβλέπονται ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), στο άρθρο 11: among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wiseπρόσωπο heritage left us,definition he established a great acquisition ofΚάθε knowledge startshe with the the content of“principle”: concepts. the 1. έχει δικαίωμα στηνofελευθερία έκφρασης. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content ofκαι concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Το δικαίωμα αυτό περιλαμβάνει την ελευθερία γνώμης την 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification ελευθερία λήψης ήgentrification) μετάδοσης πληροφοριών ή ιδεών, 1 (and gentrification urban indicated (in the areathis, ofχωρίς Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from (in various την ανάμειξη Δημοσίων Αρχών και αδιακρίτως συνόρων. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 2. of Η art ελευθερία τωνofΜέσων Ενημέρωσης και of η artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and the placement the operation galleries, restaurants, etc.Μαζικής However this “change”,there regardless of 2 the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless πολυφωνία τους είναι σεβαστές . also rising of land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 2 the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof Βλ. αντίστοιχες ρυθμίσεις στο ισχύον Ελληνικό Σύνταγμα, άρθρο 14: London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 1. Καθένας μπορεί να εκφράζει και να διαδίδει, προφορικώς, γραπτώς και being indirectly “squeezed”. διά του Τύπου του τηρώντας τουςinΝόμους του Κράτους. A description ofτους thisστοχασμούς phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this included και inwere the work Sociologist Ruth 2. Οsame τύπος είναιphenomenon ελεύθερος. Η isλογοκρισία κάθε άλλοofπροληπτικό GLASS at the while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major μέτρο απαγορεύονται…. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………… cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 7. Νόμος ορίζει τα σχετικά με τηνsummarized αστικήseveral και ποινική ευθύνη του the Τύπου Since then, the issue has scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being below, from και των άλλων approach Μέσων Ενημέρωσης…… comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: 8. Νόμος ορίζει τις προϋποθέσεις και τα προσόντα για την άσκηση του interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Δημοσιογραφικού Επαγγέλματος. to “return”………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time toΠαρεμφερείς travel from the purlieus to downtown, work Σύνταγμα place is, lack ρυθμίσεις περιλαμβάνει καιwhere το ισχύον της of the The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας, άρθρο 19: Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of 1. health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofκαιthe (possibly) Έκαστος έχει same το δικαίωμα τηςcity”, καθ΄οίον Youth Unemployment. The year she ελευθερίας left Germanyτου andλόγου after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where δήποτε τρόπον εκφράσεως. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she2.published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher the Το τούτο περιλαμβάνει την ελευθερία της γνώμης, της in to δικαίωμα another approach, the is due tobecame a systematic and University College London, where she continued socialάνευ research. Her public and λήψεως και ofμεταδόσεως πληροφοριών καιher ιδεών επεμβάσεως οίας long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. δήποτε Δημοσίας και ανεξαρτήτως συνόρων… and selling real estate,Αρχής etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Κατά την ενάσκηση αυτών των δικαιωμάτων προβλέπονται προϋποθέσεις G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually και περιορισμοί.
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Η σχετική ρύθμιση εμφανίζεται κατ΄αρχάς στην GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Οικουμενική Διακήρυξη του Ο.Η.Ε., άρθρο 19, της 10ης Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of έχει Gentrification Δεκεμβρίου 1948: παν άτομο δικαίωμα ελευθερίας γνώμης και εκφράσεως. Concerns Την ρύθμιση επανέλαβε η Ευρωπαϊκή Σύμβαση των
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Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου, άρθρο 19, Ρώμη, 1950, με την By Mr. George-Sp. προσθήκη, ότι τα Κράτη έχουν την ευχέρειαC. ναATHANASOPOULOS προβλέπουν Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προηγούμενη άδεια γιαBy Mr.επιχειρήσεις Ραδιοφωνίας, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Κινηματογράφου και Τηλεόρασης. Student of the School of Architecture Technical University Σημειώνεται, ότι το περιεχόμενο του ως άνω άρθρου 11of Crete του Χάρτη Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. αντιστοιχεί Introductory στο approach: Defining the περιεχόμενο τουconcept αρχικού ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444άρθρου BC - 37010 BC,της Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Ευρωπαϊκής Σύμβασης Δικαιωμάτων του Ανθρώπου, το οποίο among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the έχει ως εξής: acquisition knowledge starts with content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1.of Παν πρόσωπο έχειtheδικαίωμα ειςthe την ελευθερίαν 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification εκφράσεως. δικαίωμα τούτο περιλαμβάνει τηνarea ελευθερίαν 1 (andΤο gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in the of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from this, (in various γνώμης ως και την ελευθερίαν λήψεως ή μεταδόσεως Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πληροφοριών ή ιδεών, άνευ επεμβάσεως αρχών και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and δημοσίων thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless ασχέτως Το παρόν άρθρονalso δενrising κωλύει Κράτη whatever other συνόρων. consequences has, results of τα land pricesαπό (and theof whatever other consequences also rising ofραδιοφωνίας, land prices (and the potential τουrelative να speculation). υποβάλωσι has, ταςresults επιχειρήσεις potential relative speculation). Theκινηματογράφου term gentrificationήis τηλεοράσεως found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to εις UK κανονισμούς εκδόσεως The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor αδειών λειτουργίας. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof 2. Η“squeezed”. άσκησις των ελευθεριών τούτων, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there συνεπαγομένων and thus old residents are being indirectly being indirectly “squeezed”. καθήκοντα ευθύνας, δύναται να υπαχθή ειςofωρισμένας A description of και this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofκυρώσεις, Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major διατυπώσεις, όρους, περιορισμούς ή GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,υπό by other Researchers. προβλεπομένους του νόμου και αποτελούντας αναγκαία cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholarsασφάλειαν, and for its more μέτρα εν δημοκρατική κοινωνία διά την εθνικήν Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from την εδαφικήν ακεραιότητα ή δημοσίαν ασφάλειαν, την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the gentrification, theεγκλήματος, following: τηςphenomenon τάξεως καιof τηνgroups In aπροάσπισιν sense, theof phenomenon is due toπρόληψιν a trend of aτου new category of social προστασίαν της υγείας ή της ηθικής, την προστασίαν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsτης in money and time to travel from theδικαιωμάτων purlieus to downtown, whereτην work place is, lack of the υπολήψεως ή των των τρίτων, παρεμπόδισιν The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, εμπιστευτικών πληροφοριών ή study την Berlin,της whereκοινολογήσεως she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youthδιασφάλισιν Unemployment.του The same year και she left and afterτης continuous κύρους τηνGermany αμεροληψία δικαστικής lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εξουσίας. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where continued her social research.προχώρησε Her public and Εξ άλλης πλευράς τοshe Συμβούλιο της Ευρώπης long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in στην κατάρτιση σειράς άλλων επίof συναφών 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. LondonΣυμβάσεων 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: Abstract. wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually θεμάτων, όπως εκείνες περίhttp://www.uncanny.net/ ανταλλαγής Προγραμμάτων και
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Ταινιών Τηλεόρασης, Παρίσι, Δεκεμβρίου 1958, περί By Mr.15 George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect προστασίας του περιεχομένου Student εκπομπών Τηλεόρασης, of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete Στρασβούργο, 26 Ιουνίου 1960 κ.ά.
Σε σχέση με τηνDefining αναφορά άρθρου 11 περί Μέσων 1. Introductory approach: theτου concept 1. Μαζικής Introductory approach: Defining the concept Ενημέρωσης παρατηρούνται τα εξής: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), Τα κυριώτερα εξ αυτών είναι ο Τύπος, ο(444 Κινηματογράφος, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wise heritage he leftthe us,οι he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge with definition of theΕπικοινωνίας, content concepts. η Ραδιοφωνία, η starts Τηλεόραση, Δορυφόροι το acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term Διαδίκτυο κ.ά. (αναφορά κατά χρονολογική σειρά 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification γενικευμένης 1 (and χρήσης). gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Η ευρεία, λειτουργική και αποτελεσματική χρήση αυτών Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, των Μέσων συναρτάται σειρά εξωγενών και ενδογενών ways), of social groups, usually ofπρος low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless παραγόντων, όπως νομικών ρυθμίσεων, (διεθνών, whatever other consequences has, results also rising of landεθνικών), prices (and theof whatever otherπαραγωγής, consequencesπολιτικών, has, results πολιτιστικών also rising of land (and the potential relative speculation). κόστους και prices άλλων potential relative speculation). Theκοινωνικών term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s andτων it refers to παραμέτρων, οικονομικής ευρωστίας The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Ιδιοκτητών τους,of wealthy (Κρατικών Ιδιωτών), the then observed trend people to Φορέων, buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof διαθεσιμότητας (Διοίκησης, Διαχείρισης, London, upgrade them, stayΣτελεχών, themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. Δημοσιογράφων, Τεχνικών),is included Συγκροτημάτων/Πρακτορείων A description of this phenomenon in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth 3 GLASS at the same in other major Ειδήσεων κ.ά.period, while similar situations GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. Παράcountries, την πληθώρα όμως των Μέσων Μαζικής cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars for its more Επικοινωνίας και των συναφών διαδικασιών καιand τεχνικών Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from the διάχυσης πληροφοριών, μεγάλο μέρος του πληθυσμού της Γης comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: έχει προσβάσεις σεdue πηγές πληροφοριών εκ ποικίλλων In aδεν sense, theof phenomenon is togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups λόγων, όπως λογοκρισίας, οικονομικής ανέχειας, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from theτεχνικών purlieus to downtown, where αναλφαβητισμού, δυσχερειών κ.ά.4 work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 3 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access to markets, Άλλα θέματα βλ.: Άρτ. Δ.London ΣΑΒΒΙΔΟΥ: Οι easier ειδικώτερες ρυθμίσεις περίetc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, and car New York she came back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. Inαλυσιτελείς 1950 sheto became teacher in the Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων: Θεμιτές προσδοκίες, διαδικασίες. to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and University College where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and Πάφος 2017. of London, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are 4 characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Βλ. εν εκτάσει: Κωνστ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Δημόσιες Σχέσεις. 15 ηweb, in and selling real estate, etc., for theCoΓΕ. depreciation initially of part of the urban 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: έκδ., Αθήναι, 2018, σ. 35, 222 επόμ. Εκδ. Κέντρου Επιμόρφωσης, Μελετών, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, KENTPO EPEYNA™ Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ¶EPIºEPEIAKH™ ANA¶TY•H™ «IÂÚÒÓ˘ÌÔ˜ ¢. ¶INTO™ Concerns Î·È AÓ·ÛÙ·Û›· IÂÚ. ¶INTOY»
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS University, Graduate Aνάπτυ�ης, School of Design, Student, Mε σκ�π� την πρ�ώθησηHarvard της Iδέας της Περι�ερειακής (Oικ�ν�µικής, ATHANASSOPOULOS By Mr. George-Sp. C. Architect K�ινωνικής και Π�λιτιστικής), έ�ει συσταθεί σήµερα στην Aθήνα απ� Oµάδα KαθηγηStudent of the School of Architecture τών Πανεπιστηµίων και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων τ� Kέντρ� Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής AνάTechnical University of Crete πτυ�ης «Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ και Aναστασία Iερων. ΠINTOY» (αστ. µη κερδ�σκ. εταιρ.), ως �υσιαστικ�ς διάδ���ς,Defining (κατ’ επιθυµία της αειµνήστ�υ Aναστασίας Iερων. 1. Introductory approach: the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept ΠINTOY), τ�υ Kέντρ�υ Έρευνας Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆. ΠINTOΣ, συANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 Iερών. BC - 370 BC, Athens), σταθέντ�ς εν Aθήναις την 28η Aυγ�ύστ�υ 1986. (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the O εκ των Πρωτ�π�ρων της Iδέας τηςthe Περι�ερειακής Kαθηγητής Πανεamong other wise heritage he left us,definition he established a great the acquisition of knowledge starts with ofAνάπτυ�ης the content of“principle”: concepts. πιστηµίων Iερώνυµ�ς ∆. ΠINTOΣ απε�ίωσε την 5/8/1981, η δε διακριθείσα διά τ� content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the theπ�λυterm Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, 1 (and σ�ιδές κ�ινωνικ�, �ιλανθρωπικ� και π�λιτιστικ� τ�υ Aναστασία Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aέργ� first,της if Σύ�υγ�ς notthe final, approach, theαπεterm urban gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or �ίωσε την 14/4/2009. gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, removal from this, (inartists, various Mετα�ύ των σκ�πών τ�υ Kέντρ�υ συγκαταλέγ�νται �ι ε�ής, εντ�ς πνεύµατ�ς ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theκαι placement there of ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, πάντ�τε παραγωγής έργ�υ επ’ αγαθώ της Eπιστήµης και της K�ινωνίας: the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless H συµ��λή στηνconsequences πρ�αγωγή της Eπιστήµης και also της Iδέας τηςof Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυwhatever other has, results rising land prices (and theof whatever other consequences has, results also rising ofAνάπτυ�ης land prices (and the �ης εν γένει,relative δι’ �ί�υspeculation). δήπ�τε ν�µίµ�υ τρ�π�υ, της Περι�ερειακής ν��υµένης potential potential relative speculation). ως Oικ�ν�µικής, K�ινωνικής, Π�λιτιστικής. The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first inκαι the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the observed trend ofiswealthy toσυνα�ών buy property in και poor H then µελέτη σ�έσεων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης ∆ράσεων Π�λιτικών. the then observed trend wealthy peopleστην to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayενof themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof H συµ��λή των Iδιωτικών γένει Eπενδύσεων υπ�στήρι�η στρατηγικών, π�λιLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τικών και µέτρων «παραγωγής» Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης. being indirectly “squeezed”. description of thisηphenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth HAεκπ�νηση Mελετών, διενέργεια Eρευνών, η �ργάνωση Συνεδρίων, Hµερίδων, ΣεA description of this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, while similar in other major µιναρίων, ∆ιαλέ�εων επί θεµάτων Περι�ερειακής Aνάπτυ�ης. GLASS atMελετών, the same period, similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. H έκδ�ση Eρευνών, Περι�δικών, Eντύπων εν γένει, η παραγωγή σ�ετικ�ύ cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ραδι��ωνικ�ύ καιthe τηλε�πτικ�ύ υλικ�ύ. andthe for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars comprehensive approach are being summarized from H ��ρήγηση υπ�τρ��ιών, η �ρά�ευση εργασιών Tρίτων και η έκδ�σή τ�υς. various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of gentrification, the following: H συνεργασία of µεthe �ί�νphenomenon δήπ�τε, ανε�αρτήτως ν�µικής µ�ρ�ής, επιδιώκ�ντα παρεµ�εinterpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: a sense,εντ�ς theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups ρείς In σκ�π�ύς, και εκτ�ς Eλλάδ�ς. to H “return” to theµε city, leaving the purlieus�πως for several reasons:Eυρωπαϊκή high costs in money συνεργασία ∆ιεθνή M�ρ�ώµατα, (ενδεικτικώς) Ένωση, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Oργανισµ�ς Oικ�ν�µικής Συνεργασίας και Aνάπτυ�ης κ.ά. 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, H παρ��ή επίfirst θεµάτων Aνάπτυ�ης πρ�ς �ί�ν δήπ�τε Berlin, whereυπηρεσιών she made her studies.Περι�ερειακής In 1932 she published an important study entitled: of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for services Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany after continuous Eνδια�ερ�µεν�, �άσει ειδικών συµ�ωνιών, µερίµνει τ�υand ∆ι�ικητικ�ύ Συµ��υλί�υ του της εlower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, ταιρείας κ.ά. κέντρου κ.ά in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and ∆ιεύθυνση: Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 112 57 Aθήναι, τηλ.: 2108647120, 6944626140, fax:public 2108658868. University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying justice. See also: her work are characterized by a passion Aθήναι,for 5 Aυγ�ύστ�υ 2009COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: O Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς τ�υ Kέντρ�υ G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Kαθηγητής Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ 138 141 2521 11 10 24
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
regarding that matter ever), and Laws 2218/1994 and 2240/1994, which were ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ effective since January 1, 1995. ΚΑΙ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗ ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ Prevision for operation at First Grade Local Government level of Committees ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΔΡΟΜΗ with responsibilities established for the firstΚΑΙ timeΑΙΤΙΑ such as, among others, Committee for Quality of Life, (decisive and initiator body for exercise of the related with quality of life, zoning, planning andπ. environmental protection, Του urban Αρχιμανδρίτου Ειρηναίου ΛΑΦΤΣΗ competences of municipality with more than 10.000 inhabitants) and Consultation Πρωτοσυγκέλλου της Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Αλεξανδρουπόλεως By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Committee (as a body with advisory powers on matters of Development Programmes, Action Programmes of the Municipality, Harvard University, Graduate etc.). School of Design, Student, (Συνέχεια εκ του προηγουμένου) By Mr.ofGeorge-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Regarding the under research matter every type C. intervention at Architect city level Student the School concisely of Architecture with several Restoration Programmes, etc, here areofmentioned the Β’ ΜΕΡΟΣ: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ Technical University Crete responsibilities of the new Decentralized Administrations and new Regionsofand to Η εκκλησιαστική φιλανθρωπία είναι κάτι τελείως διαφορετικό από την a greater extent the (new) Local Government of first grade. Decentralized 1. Introductory Defining the concept κοινωνική πολιτική. Πριν αναπτύξουμε το δεύτερο που αφορά Administrations asapproach: successor of Government Regionsμέρος have among othersτην the 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πρόνοια της Εκκλησίας γιαGreek τουςphilosopher, ανθρώπους, εξαρχής να following responsibilities: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient (444θέλουμε BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, thedirect ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370of BC, Athens), Recommending for sale of or (444 assignment communal παρουσιάσουμε τηνheritage βασική τους διαφορά. Η land κοινωνική απευθύνεται among other wise he left us,public he established a πολιτική great the among other wise heritage left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the municipal or landshe for establishment orthe expansion industrial and acquisition of community knowledge starts with the of content concepts. σε κατηγορίες ανθρώπων που έχουν ανάγκη βιοπορισμού και τους manufacturing installations.This provision does not specify whether lands are acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content ofsuch concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term αντιμετωπίζει ισοπεδωτικά κυρίως μέσω των επιδομάτων. Αντίθετα η 1 (and within or outside cities. Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτον first,άνθρωπο if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification Εκκλησία μέσω της φιλανθρωπίας βλέπει ως εικόνα Θεού και 1 (and urban Award monitoring and oversight the as the well as approvement of gentrification gentrification) isarea, indicated (in area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), asως the “refining” ofofaκαθένα cityelaboration, the removal this, (in various τον αντιμετωπίζει πρόσωπο, τον ξεχωριστά καιfrom προσπαθεί να τον Studies, General Urban planning projects, and Plans for territorial and housing Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement artists, στηρίξει και ψυχικά-πνευματικά. Στόχος της φιλανθρωπίας δεν είναι να organization of Open City (Law 2508/1997, Law 2539/1997). ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofτα artέξοδα galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of αντιμετωπίσει του μήνα αλλά να ενωθεί με τον Χριστό και να δει τις Assignment ofartplot land of the Port Land Zone for the construction of the the operation of galleries, restaurants, etc.την However “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also risingthis of land prices (andτων theof δυσκολίες της ζωή του ως μία ευκαιρία για μετοχή του στην Βασιλεία buildings forother “docker’s roof”. whatever consequences has, also rising ofαπό land prices (and με the potential relative speculation). Ουρανών και αυτό οgeneral άνθρωπος θα τοresults πετύχει μόνο μέσα την κοινωνία Specialization of guidelines and directives regarding issues of Urban potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and itwithin refersthe to τους άλλους ανθρώπους. Planning, Urban Affairs and Housing as well asUK Building Regulations The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor τυχαίο αυτό που λέει ο μεγάλος ορθόδοξος θεολόγος area ofΔεν theirείναι territorial jurisdiction. the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thusΕκκλησίας old residents are 1 για Monitoring, coordination and opinion regarding programs of the τηνexpression επίδρασηofτης Ορθόδοξης στην Alexander Schmemann London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. General Urbanτων Plansκοινωνιών: of the territorial area of theirείναι jurisdiction. διαμόρφωση η ορθοδοξία μία στάση ζωής που being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work Sociologist Approval of amendments of previously approved town of planning, usesRuth and εκφράζεται από την εναλλαγή νηστείας και πανηγύρεως. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon isthe included inwere the work ofofSociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations recorded in other major conditions for their building in OT on main road network prefectures of Ο πιστός μέσα period, σ’ αυτόwhile το πλαίσιο εντάσσει πολιτιστική GLASS atThessaloniki. the same similar situationsτην wereκοινωνική, recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Attica and και εργασιακή συμπεριφορά και Researchers. όχι στους κανόνες της προσφοράς που To be continued... cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more υπαγορεύουν οι αγορές. Η πίστη μπορεί να είναι ιδιωτική υπόθεση, αλλά η Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from International Organizations, Bodies, etc level. ορθοδοξία δεν είναι. Είναι εκκλησία, είναι κοινωνία below, ανθρώπων, στην comprehensive approach are being summarized from μέσα the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thesubject, following: Among the recent international activities regarding the here are mentioned οποία για να σωθεί κάποιος χρειάζεται και άλλο πρόσωπο. Άρα στην ουσία interpretations of theConference phenomenon of the following: In a sense, phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social indicatively thethe Seventh of European Ministers responsible for issues groups of Local μέσα από την ορθόδοξη κοινωνικότητα δημιουργούνται και για τα κράτη Organization (8-10 October 1986 a.D.). The eighth Conference of European Ministers, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money κοινωνικές συμπεριφορές. Responsible for Local Government at kong of Ireland (14-15 September 1988a.D.), the elaboration and time tocharter” travel from theGovernment purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the of a “special for Local by Council of Europe (October theαναπτυχθεί 15th 1985 a.D.) Σήμερα λοιπόν, μετά απόresidencies 20 Ruth αιώνες χριστιανισμού έχει μίαin 1. The term comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born sense of safety at the distributed outside town centres, search The European Charter for Local Autonomy of Council of Europe has been ratified so far by 22 θρησκευτική παράδοση κράτη, πολιτιστικά Berlin, where she made herπου first δημιούργησε studies. In 1932στα she χριστιανικά published an important study entitled: services health, education, entertainment “atratified the heart of thesigned city”,movements countries,of was signed by another 7, while it has not been and has not by(possibly) other 9. Youth Unemployment. The same year she Germany and afterκρίνεται continuousαναγκαία και κοινωνικά χαρακτηριστικά. Γιαleft το λόγο αυτό ηfor The countries that have not signed the Charter are: 1. Albania. 2. Andorra. 3. Czech Republic. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 4.inIreland. 5. Latvia. 6. της Lithuania. 7. Moldova. 8. San Marino. Switzerland κατανόηση αυτής σχέσης προκειμένου να ερμηνεύσουμε κοινωνικές 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In9.1950 sheto became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon isof due a τις systematic and Greece has already ratified the Charter, based on paragraph 1research. Article 28 ofείναι the Constitution University College of London, where she continued her social Her public action and αντιλήψεις για τον άνθρωπο που υποφέρει. Υπ’ αυτή την έννοια χρήσιμη long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying with prejudice, that the country not undertake theSee responsibility to be ENGLISH bound by the provisions her work areτης characterized bydoes a passion for justice. also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. η εξέταση χριστιανικής εκκλησιαστικής παράδοσης με τοweb, έργο and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of(prerequisites partσχετικά of the urban inof of10th Article 5 (protection of the territorial limits of L.G.Os.), 7 WIKIPEDIA: par.2 for exercise edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: της φιλανθρωπίας από μέρους της εκκλησίας. competences at local level 8 par. 2 (administrative control of L.G.O. acts), etc., (L. 1850/10.5.1989). G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually See other items in: Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: op. c., Volume II, p. 144 et seq. 1
Alexander Schmemann «Για να ζήσει ο κόσμος», Εκδ. Δόμος, Αθήνα 1987.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
ΦΙΛΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ «Επείνασα γαρ, και εδώκατέ μοι φαγείν, εδίψησα, και εποτίσατέ με, ξένος ήμην, και συνηγάγετέ με, γυμνός και περιεβάλετέ με, ασθενής και επεσκέψασθέ με, εν φυλακή ήμην και ήλθετε προ με»2. Το απόσπασμα αυτό είναι μέρος του Ευαγγελίου που διαβάζεται την Κυριακή της Τυρινής ή της Κρίσεως όπως την ονομάζουμε. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Έρχεται ο Χριστός Harvard δηλαδή University, κατά την Graduate Δευτέρα Παρουσία Του, όχι ως αSchool of Design, Student, Byστην Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS πλός και ασήμαντος άνθρωπος, όπως Βηθλεέμ, αλλά ως Θεός μεArchitect την συStudent of theδόξης School of Architecture νοδεία όλων των Αγγέλων για να καθίσει «επί θρόνου αυτού» και να Technical University Crete κρίνει ολόκληρη την οικουμένη, νεκρούς και ζωντανούς και να χωρίσειofτους αγαθούς και τους αμαρτωλούς ανθρώπους. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι το γεγονός, ό1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τι ως1.κριτήριο κατάapproach: την επιλογή του αυτή, λαμβάνει την ελεημοσύνη, την φιIntroductory Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 λανθρωπία και την αγάπη προς Greek τους συνανθρώπους μας.BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a και great Όταν διαβάσει κάποιος την Καινή Διαθήκη αλλά όταν σε πολλέςthe αamong other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κολουθίες της Εκκλησίας μας ακούσει τα αναγνώσματα και τους ύμνους θα acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term κατανοήσει ότι καταγράφονται σε βάθοςinστα χρόνια του Χριστού οι διάφορες 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if (in not final, approach, the term urban gentrification) is indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification μορφές της ανθρώπινης και αδυναμίας. 1 (and urbanαθλιότητας gentrification gentrification) indicated (inΆνθρωποι thefrom areathis, ofπεινασμένοι, Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various διψασμένοι, γυμνοί, πρόσφυγες, διωκόμενοι, φυλακισμένοι, αιχμάλωτοι, αλλά Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, και ασθενείς όπως τυφλοί, κουφοί, χωλοί, παράλυτοι, λεπροί, κατάκοιτοι, δαιways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of μονισμένοι απευθύνονται, τους και άλλοτε οδηγούμενοι the operation ofconsequences art galleries,άλλοτε restaurants, etc. However this regardless whatever other has, μόνοι results also rising of “change”, land prices (andαπό theof πρόσωπα φιλικά ή συγγενικά προς τον Χριστό για ναofβρουν την θεραπεία whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising land prices (and the potential relative τους. Και ο Χριστός τους θεραπεύει όχι μόνο σωματικά αλλά και ψυχικά. Γράpotential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 3: «Και επισκεπτόταν ο Ιησούς όλες τις πόλεις και φει ο ευαγγελιστής Ματθαίος The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τα και δίδασκε στις συναγωγές και κήρυττε το thus Ευαγγέλιο περί της theχωριά then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and old residents areof Βασιλείας και θεράπευε ασθένεια και κάθε αδυναμία του λαού». London, upgrade them, κάθε stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Το παράδειγμα Διδασκάλου ακολουθούν και οι μαθητές being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of thisτου phenomenon is included in theαργότερα work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Ruth Του, αλλά και οι διάδοχοί τους. Με την ίδρυση της Εκκλησίας κατά την ημέρα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recordedSociologist in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της Πεντηκοστής και την κάθοδο του Αγίου Πνεύματος η Εκκλησία λαμβάνει, cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. παράλληλα προς την πνευματική υπόσταση, και scholars την οργάνωσή Since then, the issue has several and forτης its πάνω more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andπροσφέρουν for various its more στην γη. Εφαρμόζει την αρχή κοινοκτημοσύνης. Οι πλούσιοι comprehensive approach areτης being summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized fromΠαρατίθενthe various τα υπάρχοντά of τους ήphenomenon μέρος αυτών υπηρεσία the τηςbelow, Εκκλησίας. interpretations the ofστην gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: ται γεύματα τράπεζες πουof ονομάζονται Σε περιπτώσεις πείIn a sense,με theκοινές phenomenon is due to a trend of a αγάπες. new of social groups νας, λοιμωδών ασθενειών και διωγμών έχουμε την προσφορά της «Λογίας», to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money δηλαδή διενέργεια χρηματικού και where της συλλογής καιis,αποστολής and timeτην to travel from the purlieus toεράνου, downtown, work place lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruthανάγκη GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for των 1.χρημάτων αυτών στους έχοντας Χριστιανούς. «Όσο αφορά τηνin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at χριστιανούς, the heart of the συνεισφορά σας για τους αγίους δηλαδή τους να city”, κάνετε(possibly) κι εσείς Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where όπως όρισα στις εκκλησίες της Γαλατίας. Κάθε πρώτη μέρα της εβδομάδος ας studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 4 in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and βάζει ο καθένας κάτι κατά μέρος ανάλογα με τα έσοδά του» . University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 2 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Ματθ. 25, 31-46.
140
3 4
Ματθ. 9, 35. Α’ Κορινθ. 16, 1-2.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Θαυμάζει κανείς τον πλούτο της Ελληνικής γλώσσας η οποία χρησιμοποιείται στην Καινή Διαθήκη και στα κείμενά της, στις Πράξεις των Αποστόλων και στην Αποκάλυψη, για τις διάφορες εκδηλώσεις της ελεημοσύνης, της φιλανθρωπίας, της αγάπης. Βεβαίως τα σκήπτρα τα έχει η αγάπη: «Ο Θεός αγάπη εστίν»5. Στην ερώτηση του νομικού: «Διδάσκαλε, ποιά εντολή μεγάλη εν τω νόμω;», ο Ιησούς απαντά, «Αγαπήσεις Κύριον τον Θεόν σου .... αύτη εστί πρώτη και μεγάλη εντολή. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 6. Δευτέρα δε ομοία αυτή· αγαπήσεις τον πλησίον σου ως σεαυτόν» Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Οι δύο πρώτες και μεγάλες εντολές της χριστιανικής διδασκαλίας είναι Architect ofΆλλες the School of Architecture η αγάπη προς τον Θεό και η αγάπη προς τον Student πλησίον. εκφράσεις παρόTechnical University of Crete μοιες είναι οι εξής: Έλεος και τα παράγωγα. Έλεος = οίκτος, συμπάθεια, ευσπλαχνία. Εί1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ναι το κατεξοχήν γνώρισμα του Θεού. the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCστον - 370 συνάνθρωπό BC, Athens), που δίνει υλική ή ηθική βοήθεια Ελεήμων. Αυτός ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the του. Αυτός που βοηθά τους αδυνάτους αλλά και αυτός που συγχωρεί. Γνώριamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. σμα και αυτό του Θεού. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term Ηonυλική και ηθική in συμπαράσταση προςapproach, τους άλλους. Ο Ελεημοσύνη. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, this “principle” a first, if (in notthe final, the term gentrification) is indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification χαρακτήρας και το έργο της ευεργεσίας. isΕίναι συχνή(inη the χρήση όρου στην 1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) indicated areaτου of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Καινή Διαθήκη. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, φιλάδελφοι of βρίσκεΦιλαδελφία-μορφή τηςofφιλανθρωπίας. ways), of social groups, usually low-income and Οtheόρος placement artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of ται στα εξής χωρία στην Καινή Διαθήκη: Εβρ. 1, 31 Α’ Πέτρ. 3, 8 Ρωμ. 12, 10of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the - whatever Α’ Θεσ. 4, 9other - Α’ Πέτρ. 1, 22 - Β’ Πετρ. 1, 7. also rising of land prices (and the consequences has, results potential relative speculation). Μολονότι οι όροι αγάπη και ελεημοσύνη Φιλάνθρωπος, φιλανθρωπία. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to συναντώνται πολύ συχνά στην Καινή Διαθήκη, η λέξη φιλανθρωπία και τα The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto συγγενικά της μόνο τρεις φορές. the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof Α) upgrade «Φιλανθρώπως». Εδώ εννοεί την ευγενική συμπεριφορά του London, them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. 7 . εκατοντάρχου Ιουλίου προς τον Παύλο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth το of ναυάγιο του Αποστόλου Παύλου στη νήσο δε AΒ) description this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Μελίτη. Sociologist Ruth GLASS atΚατά the same period, while similar recorded in other«Οι major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major βάρβαροι παρείχον ου την τύχουσαν φιλανθρωπίαν ημίν». Όταν σωθήκαμε cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. 8. cities Western by other Researchers. από τοinναυάγιο οιcountries, ιθαγενείς μας φέρθηκαν με ασυνήθιστη ευγένεια Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for itsκαι more Γ) Ο Παύλος προς τον «Όταν εμφανίστηκε η χρηστότητα η comprehensive approach areΤίτο: being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various φιλανθρωπία του Σωτήρος μας, μας έσωσε όχι απόthe ταfollowing: έργα μας αλλά από το interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: έλεός Εδώ οphenomenon όρος φιλανθρωπία την of έννοια του ελέουςofπου δείχνει ο In aτου». sense, theof is dueof toέχει a trend a new category social groups 9. Θεός to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Από ταfrom ανωτέρω καταλαβαίνουμε πως το έργο της Εκκλησίας είναι and time toόλα travel the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born και η of φιλανθρωπία, η οποία κατά τους τρείς πρώτους αιώνεςsearch και λόγω τωνin sense safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: διωγμών, από τους Αποστόλους και of τους τους services of πραγματοποιείται health, education, entertainment “at the heart the διαδόχους city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and 5 long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Α’are Ιωαν. 4, 16. her work characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 6 and selling real22, estate, for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Ματθ. 36-40.etc., 7 G. 3. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Πραξ. 27, 8 9
Πραξ. 28, 1. Τιτ. 3, 4.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
και από τους πνευματικούς αρχηγούς, τους επισκόπους δηλαδή, της κάθε τοπικής Εκκλησίας, και κυρίως μέσω των χριστιανικών οικογενειών. Ο όρος όμως φιλανθρωπία δεν είναι δημιούργημα του Ευαγγελίου, αλλά προϋπήρχε στην αρχαία Ελλάδα και σήμαινε την αγάπη των θεών για τον άνθρωπο. Ο Πλάτων προσδιορίζει σαν αγάπη του Θεού προς τον άνθρωπο το ότι οι θεοί ανέλαβαν την φροντίδα των ανθρώπων για να καθιδρύσουν την ειρήνη και την δικαιοσύνη μεταξύ τους καθώς και το ότι θέλουν να τους ελευθεBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ρώσουν από τους πολέμους και τις έχθρες10. Ο Προμηθέας ανέλαβε να φέρει Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, φωτιά στους ανθρώπους και να τους διδάξει τέχνεςC.από αγάπη προς αυBy Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τούς11. Student of the School of Architecture Επίσης οι θεοί δείχνουν την αγάπη τους στουςTechnical ανθρώπους παρέχοντάς University of Crete τους αγαθά υλικά αλλά και πολύ πιο σοβαρά όπως οι εποχές του χρόνου, τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining 12. the concept άστρα, ο ήλιος, το νερό, την φωτιά 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC,αρετή Athens), Όμως, και μεταξύ των ανθρώπων ο όρος φιλανθρωπία ήταν για ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he προτείνει established aανατεθούν great the τους αρχαίους Έλληνες. Ο Πλάτων είχε να τα ορφανά among other wise heritage he leftthe us, established aΠερικλή greatof“principle”: the 13 acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. . definition Οhe επικήδειος του αποκαλύπτει στη φροντίδα δημοσίων κηδεμόνων acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term την παρουσία των Αθηναίων για τα ορφανά. Αλλά και με τους υπερήλικες ή1 (and urban therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a14first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτους term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification . Ο Δημοσθένης εγκωμιάζει ταν Based, φιλάνθρωποι οι αρχαίοι πρόγονοί μας 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 15 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various νέους που σέβονται τους μεγαλύτερους . Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, the this, of (in various ways), ofέννοια social groups, usually of low-income andστην theremoval placement there artists, Η τηςas φιλανθρωπίας που υπήρχε Αρχαίαfrom Ελλάδα εκδηλώways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation artκατασκευή galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of θηκε και με of την φιλανθρωπικών ιδρυμάτων που περιέθαλπαν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the πτωχούς και ξένους που εύρισκαν μέσα σε αυτά τροφή και στέγη. Το ιερό της whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Ήρας, στα βόρειαspeculation). του Άργους περιελάμβανε ένα τέτοιο ίδρυμα τετράγωνο και potential relative speculation). The term is found inΞενοφών the UK inδιηγείται early 1960s it refers to 16. Ο ότιand η φιλανθρωδιώροφο με gentrification δωμάτια εμβαδού 70 at τ.μ.first The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor πία συνηθισμένη τακτική του Βασιλιά της Αγησίλαου (398-360 theήταν then observed trend of wealthy people toΣπάρτης buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof π.Χ.). Ο Βασιλιάς είχε φιλάνθρωπη πολιτική προς there τους αιχμαλώτους πολέμου, London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. τους γέροντες και τους ενδεείς17. Κατά την διάρκεια της ελληνιστικής περιόbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth δου A οι description πόλεις όπως Αθήνα και Ρόδος is οργάνωσαν δημόσια δηλαδή ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workσυμπόσια, of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major συσσίτια και πρόσφεραν γεύματα στους πτωχούς. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Ηinαρχαία ελληνική παράδοση περί φιλανθρωπίας υιοθετήθηκε από την cities Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more πρωτοχριστιανική κοινωνία η οποία συνδύασε στοιχεία εβραϊκής και its ελληνιSince then, the issue has several scholars andthe for more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 10 to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: highOpera, costs in money Πλάτωνος, «Νόμοι IV»,the 713φ., εκδ. Joannes Burnet, Platonis V (Oxford and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1959). 11 The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth 28-30, GLASS, 1912-1940. GLASS wasquality born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town search for better Αισχύλου, «Προμηθεύς Δεσμώτης», πρβλ Cracecentres, H.Ruth Macurdy, «The Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, entertainment the heartConn., of the1940) city”, (possibly) ofYouth MercyThe centereducation, Virtues in Greek Life nature» “at (New Haven, σελ. 98 εξ. Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 12 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where Ξενοφώντος, «Απομνημονεύματα IV», III, 3-7. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, 13 in According 1943 Πλάτωνος, she published studies cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the «Νόμοι», ΧΙ,regarding 927Α. the to another approach, is due a systematic and 14 University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public and Θουκυδίδου, «Ιστορία Πελοποννησιακού Πολέμου», ΙΙ, 4β. brokers long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work 15 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Δημοσθένους, Αριστογείτονος» Ι, 24-25. and selling realCOLLINS estate,«Κατ’ etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 16 Θουκυδίδου, «Ιστορία Πελοποννησιακού Πολέμου»ΙΙΙ, 68, πρβλ. Πλάτωνος, «ΝόG. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
142
μοι», ΧΙΙ, 952Δ. 17 Ξενοφώντος, «Αγησίλαος» Ι, 21-23.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κής ηθικής, αναπτύχθηκε μέσα στο νέο ελληνοχριστιανικό κοινωνικοπολιτικό περιβάλλον. Κατήργησε την έννοια των φυλετικών διακρίσεων και μίλησε εναντίον των κοινωνικοοικονομικών διαφορών. Κατά τον Απόστολο Παύλο «Δεν υπάρχει Ιουδαίος ούτε Έλληνας, δεν υπάρχει δούλος ούτε ελεύθερος, δεν υπάρχει άντρας και γυναίκα, διότι όλοι εσείς είστε ένας άνθρωπος δια του Ιησού Χριστού»18. By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS Η χριστιανική αγάπη και φιλανθρωπία πήρε μιαC. πιο θρησκευτική έξαρHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ση. Η ίδια διδασκαλία του Κυρίου μας κατέστησε την φιλανθρωπία θεοκενBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS 19Architect τρική. «Ο Χριστός δεν ήρθε για να διακονηθεί Student αλλά γιαofνα διακονήσει» . Έτσι ο the School of Architecture πιστός που εφαρμόζει την φιλανθρωπία γίνεται μιμητής Χριστού αφού οofΘεός Technical University Crete πήρε την μορφή δούλου. Ο Χριστός δίδασκε τους μαθητές του να αγαπούν ο έIntroductory approach: Defining the 20 concept . «Εντολή νέα σας δίνω, να αγαπάτε νας1.τον άλλον όπως τους αγάπησε ο ίδιος 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept αλλήλους όπως εγώ σας αγάπησα έτσι να αγαπάτε κι εσείς ένας τον άλλον. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -ο370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), Από αυτό θα ξέρουν όλοι ότι he είστε μου, εάν δηλαδή έχετε αγάπη»21. the among other wise heritage leftμαθητές us, he established a great “principle”: among wiseπερί heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a great the Τοother κήρυγμα της παγκόσμιας αγάπης γίνεται το σύνθημα των μαθηacquisition of knowledge starts with of the content of“principle”: concepts. 22, και acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of θεμέλιος λίθος της πρώτης εκκλησίας. Οι concepts. πιστοί τών του Χριστού Based, therefore, on ο this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the προterm Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term τρέπονταν να1 (and ασκούν ελεημοσύνη προςis τους φτωχούς, τιςarea χήρες, τα ορφανά, urban gentrification) indicated of Planning) (or gentrification 1 gentrification urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom area ofφυλετικής Planning) (or Sociology as well), the “refining” of cityisarea, the κοινωνικής removal this, (in various τους ξένους και(and ναasαναπτύσσουν τοaαίσθημα της και ιSociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various 23 ways), of και social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, . Αυτή η επαναστατική έννοια της φιλανθρωπίας εσότητας δικαιοσύνης ways), of έναν social groups, usually low-income andυλοποιήθηκε thethis placement of artists, the operation ofενθουσιασμό art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of νέπνευσε γιαofαγαθοεργίες και μεthere την ανέγερtheτων operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless 24. Αυτό whatever other has, results of land prices (and theof πουrising έκανε ελκυστική την παρουση φιλανθρωπικών ιδρυμάτων whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). σία του Χριστιανισμού στον αρχαίο κόσμο25 ήταν η καινούργια έννοια της ενpotential relative speculation). Theτης termαγάπης. gentrification is found at first in the in early 1960s and it refers to τολής Η Εκκλησία την εποχή τωνUK Αποστόλων οργάνωνε φιλανThe term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of θρωπίες φρόντιζε τους ενδεείς, παρέθετε γεύματα, φρόντιζε τους φυλακισμέ-to the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, them, stay andέκφραση thus old residents areof νους καιupgrade τους ασθενείς καιthemselves γενικότερα θεωρούσαν κάθε της φιλανLondon, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. θρωπίας ως την ουσιαστικότερη πράξη της χριστιανικής κοινότητας26. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Μετά τον πρώτο αιώνα η Εκκλησία συνέχισε την τακτική των αποστόA description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major λων. Προσφορές ελεημοσύνης συγκεντρώνονταν κάθε Κυριακή για τους φτωGLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western by other Researchers. χούς της τοπικήςcountries, εκκλησίας. πτωχοί θεωρούνταν «ναοί του Θεού»27 και ειcities in Western countries, byΟι other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups 18 Γαλ. 3, 28. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 19 10, 45. and timeΜαρκ. to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 20 1. The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in Ιωάν. 15, 12. distributed sense of safety atcomes the residencies outside town centres, Berlin,21where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Ιωάν. 13, 34-35. services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth22Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Ρωμ. 13, 8 – Εφ. 5, 2 – Α’ Πετ. 1,London 22private – Α’and Ιωαν. 10 &she 3, 11 – Α’ Κορ. lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, New2, York came back to13. London, 23 12, 8another – Ιακ.studies 1, 27-2, 14 – Α’the Πετρ 4, 9. in According 1943 Ρωμ. she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to approach, is due a systematic and 24 University College of London, where she80. continued her social research. brokers Her public action and Lecky, «European Morals» 11, long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying 25 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. her work Πρβλ. Ιγνατίου, «Επιστολή προς Σμυρναίους», VI, of Πολυκάρπου Σμύρνης, «Επιand selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: στολή προς Φιλίππους», ΒΕΠ. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually 26 27
Σ. Αγουρίδου, «Η κοινοκτημοσύνη εν τη πρώτη Εκκλησία», Θεσσαλονίκη, 1963. 143 2521 11 Αποστολικοί κανόνες, ΙΙΙ, 6 IV, 3.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
σήχθησαν τα δέκατα έτσι ώστε η Εκκλησία να έχει αποθέματα για την αποστολή της φιλανθρωπίας28. Η φιλανθρωπία γίνεται το διακριτικό γνώρισμα των χριστιανών ανάμεσα στους ειδωλολάτρες. Ο Ιγνάτιος επίσκοπος Αντιοχείας γράφει στους Χριστιανούς της Σμύρνης: «προσέξτε αυτούς που έχουν αντίθετες ιδέες ως προς τη χάρη του Ιησού Χριστού...πόσο διαφορετικοί είναι. Δεν νοιάζονται για πράξεις αγάπης, δεν φροντίζουν τις χήρες, τα ορφανά, τους θλιμμένους, τους βασανιBy Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σμένους, τους φυλακισμένους, ούτε ενισχύουν τους πεινασμένους και Student, τους διHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, ψασμένους»29. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Η φιλανθρωπία των Χριστιανών δεν περιορίζεται στους ΧριστιαStudent of theμόνο School of Architecture 30. Τα μέλη της νούς. Υπήρξε εποχή που οι πιστοί έδιναν και σε ειδωλολάτρες Technical University of Crete Εκκλησίας προτρέπονταν να προσφέρουν τους πρώτους καρπούς των προϊ1. Introductory approach: the concept όντων τους όπως κρασί, λάδι,Defining ρούχα, σιτάρι, πρόβατα, στους φτωχούς31. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 - 370και BC,οAthens), Η χριστιανικήthe φιλανθρωπία θεσμοποιήθηκε πολύBC νωρίς επίσκοthe ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, της Athens), among other wise heritage left us, he established a great the πος ANTISTHENIS, ήταν επιφορτισμένος μεhe διοικητικές ευθύνες για(444 τη φιλανθρωπία Εκamong other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. κλησίας. Έπρεπε να εκδηλώνει για τα ορφανά την φροντίδα του γονιού, για acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the term τις χήρες την προστασία των συζύγων, στους ανάπηρους συμπόνια, στους ξέ1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification νους καταφύγιο, στους πεινασμένους τροφή, στους φυλακισμένους παρηγο1 (and gentrification urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ριά32. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways),Τα of social groups,του usually of low-income and the placement there artists, χειρόγραφα τρίτου αιώνα συνεχίζουν να τονίζουν ότι of η φιλανways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of θρωπία αποτελούσε την πρωταρχική ευθύνη της Εκκλησίας τόσο στην Αναthe operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However this “change”, regardless of whatever other has, results rising of land prices (and the τολή όσο και στη consequences Δύση. Ο Άγιος Κυπριανός υποστηρίζει ότιland η Εκκλησία φρόνwhatever other has, results also rising of prices (and the potential relative speculation). τιζε με πολλή προσοχή την ευημερία των πτωχών, των αρρώστων, των χήρων potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 33. και των ορφανών The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Ο Τερτυλλιανός, απολογητής του Χριστιανισμού, αναφέρει ότι «οareas καθέthe then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof νας μας μια φορά το μήνα ή όποτε θέλει, φέρνει μερικά νομίσματα και μόνο London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsαν are being indirectly “squeezed”. το θέλει και αν μπορεί». Αυτά τα χρήματα μπορούν να ονομαστούν κεφάλαιο being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth της A ευσεβείας. Διότι δενphenomenon ξοδεύονται για δείπνο ούτε συμπόσια, αλλά για description ofperiod, this is situations included inwere theγια work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other major να τραφούν καιsame να θαφτούν, για νέους και νέες πουwere δεν έχουν γονείς και περιGLASS at the period, similar situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile other Researchers. ουσία, για υπερήλικες δούλους, για να ναυαγισμένους ναυτικούς και για όποιcities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more 34 ον βρίσκεται σε φυλακές ορυχεία Since then, the issueκαι has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being .summarized from χρόνια αργότερα μαθαίνουμε ότι επί επισκόπου Ρώμης ΚορνηΜερικά comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: λίου Εκκλησία της Ρώμης από χίλιουςofπεντακόσιους interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, thecategory following: In (+250) a sense, ηthe phenomenon is dueof toέτρεφε a trendπάνω of a new social groups 35. ανθρώπους to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 28 The termat comes from Απολογία», Sociologist Ruth 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS39, wasεκδ. born sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside town«Απολογητική», centres, for better Ιουστίνου, «Πρώτη 67, 6,GLASS, Τερτυλλιανός, tr.in Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) TR Clover Classical Library (London, 1931). Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for 29 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where Ιγνατίου, «Επιστολή προς Σμυρναίους». studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, 30 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the in According 1943 to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Ο Ποιμήν του Ερμά, «Επιτάγματα», 2, 2. 31 University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Διδαχαί των Δώδεκα Αποστόλων, ΧΙΙΙ. her work 32 are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of«Απολογητική», part of the urban Αποστολικοί Κανόνες IV, τμ.1, 2, πρβλ Τερτυλλιανού, 39. web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 33 G. ALEXANDRI: wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: varietyΚυπριανού, of ways, in order Abstract. to αρ. achieve (actually «Επιστολαί», 35http://www.uncanny.net/ και the 36. “assisted”, “voluntary”,
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GENTRIFICATION Μέχρι λοιπόν of τον Intervention, Γ’ αιώνα οι Χριστιανοί κυρίως Definition, Types των μεγαλουπόλεων είχαν οργανωθεί σε ευρεία κλίμακα Definition, Types ofέχουν intervention, Concerns of Gentrification για να βοηθούν όσους ανάγκη. Πραγματοποιούσαν δε ορισμένες από τις εντυπωσιακότερες πράξεις ευConcerns ποιΐας χάριν των ασθενών. Όταν η πανώλη έπληξε την
Αλεξάνδρεια επί βασιλείας Γαλλιηνού (259-268), ο επίσκοπος Διονύσιος οργάνωσε μια C. εκτεταμένη επιχείρηση By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS βοηθείας. Προέτρεπε τους πιστούς να μιμηθούν ΧριHarvard University, Graduate School of Design, τον Student, By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS στό και να επισκέπτονται τους C. ασθενείς. Μπροστά σε Architect Student of the School of Architecture αυτή την θανατηφόρα επιδημία οι Χριστιανοί της Technical University ofτους, Crete Αλεξάνδρειας έφεραν εις πέρας την αποστολή φροντίζοντας τα θύματά της και νοσηλεύοντάς τα, απο1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept καθιστώντας την υγεία ορισμένων. Φρόντισαν επίσης τα 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek που philosopher, (444 BC - 370μεBC, Athens), σώματα εκείνων υπέκυψαν στη νόσο, το να πλένANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ουν, να μυρώνουν και να τα ενταφιάζουν. Περιγράφονamong other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the content concepts. τας την προσπάθεια αυτή ο Διονύσιος αντιδιαστέλλει acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term την συμπεριφορά από approach, εκείνη τωνthe ειδω1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle”των inindicated a Χριστιανών first, if (in notthe final, term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification λολατρών, που έδιωχναν τους (in ασθενείς-συγγενείς τους 1 (and urban gentrification gentrification) indicated thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various από τα σπίτιαofτους και άφηναν άθαπτα τα σώματά τους Sociology as well), as the “refining” a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, 36. φοβούμενοι μόλυνσηand ways), of social groups, usually of την low-income thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of Τον τέταρτο etc. αιώνα οι Έλληνες Πατέρες, ύμνησανof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the την φροντίδα ασθενών μέσα of από τα prices έργα τους. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,των results also rising land (and Σε the potential relative δύο ομιλίες του ο Γρηγόριος Νύσσης περιορίζει το θέμα potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to της ομιλίας του στηνinπεριποίηση των1960s ασθενών. ΑναφέThe term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ρει πως αφού στερήθηκαν τις δυνάμεις τους και δεν the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof μπορούν να αυτοεξυπηρετηθούν πρέπει οι Χριστιανοί London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsνα are being indirectly “squeezed”. 37. Ο Γρηγόριος ανύανοίξουν σ’ αυτούς τις καρδιές τους being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ψωσε την περίθαλψη των in ασθενών θέμα A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included the recorded workσε of κεντρικό Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major της χριστιανικής αγωγής. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Στο κήρυγμά τουseveral περί φιλανθρωπίας, ο Γρηγόριος Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more ο Θεολόγος έδωσεsummarized έμφαση στηνbelow, φροντίδα των ασθενών. comprehensive approach are being from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the Ποιος αληθινός χριστιανός συμμεριζόμενοςvarious την interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theπνευματική phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: και γενναιοδωρία του Θεού μπορούσε In a sense, theof phenomenon is due toυλική a trend of a new of social groups να αδιαφορήσει γιαfor τους ασθενείς; to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus several reasons: high costs in money Και ο Άγιος Βασίλειος, Καισαρείας, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, whereεπίσκοπος work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasμε born δίδαξε την ανάγκηoutside φροντίδας των ασθενών τοin sense of safety at the distributed residencies town centres, search for better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 38 παράδειγμά του, “at διακονώντας τους services of health, education, entertainment the heart of the city”,ασθενείς (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where μιμούμενος τον Χριστό. studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Συνεχίζεται… her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 36 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. toΕυσεβίου, achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually «Εκκλησιαστική Ιστορία», 7, 22. 1-11. 37 38
Γρηγορίου Νύσσης, «Pauperibus», Oratio 1. 145 2521 11 Γρηγορίου Θεολόγου, «De paupeum amando», PG 864.
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Ανδρέας Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Υποψήφιος Διδάκτωρ Definition, Types of intervention, Πανεπιστημίου Πάφος Concerns of ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, Gentrification Concerns Γεωπολιτική και Γεωστρατηγική
Ανατομία της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και οι Επιπτώσεις μιας Μεγάλης Γεωπολιτικής Δίνης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Πρόλογος Καθηγητής Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passionΠάφος for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2019See and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ΠΡΟΛΟΓΟΣ ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Το ανά χείρας κείμενο αποδίδει εν πολλοίς τον πυρήνα Διπλωματικής Εργασίας εκπονηθείσης υπό τον αυτόν τίτλον υπό του Συγγραφέως του, στα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πλαίσια περαιτέρω ευδοκίμων σπουδών του Μεταπτυχιακού Επιπέδου, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, κατόπιν επιλογής του υπό των Οικείων Οργάνων, στηνArchitect Σχολή By Mr. Κυπριακών George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Εθνικής Αμύνης της Ελλάδος. Student of the School of Architecture
Technical University of Crete Ο κ. Ανδρέας Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ, Στέλεχος των Κυπριακών Ενόπλων Δυνάμεων, επέλεξε το εν λόγω θέμα, ως θέμα της Διατριβής του, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept(σημασία) λόγω της ιδιάζουσας του,philosopher, η οποία διευρύνεται έτι ANTISTHENIS, the σημασίας ancientDefining Greek (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), περαιτέρω τώρα, από το έτος 2016, λόγω της κατ’ αυτάς τρέχουσας Εθνικής ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the other wiseδιεθνούς heritage leftthe us,definition heενestablished aτης great the / among Κυπριακής και συγκυρίας γένει καιcontent περί την Κύπρο acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the of“principle”: concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,τόσον if of not final, approach, the term εξελισσομένης κατάστασης, εν αναφορά προς τιςof concepts. εσωτερικές 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onκαι this “principle” is inδιεργασίες a first, if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) indicated the area of Planning) (or gentrification πολιτικές, κοινωνικές οικονομικές και εξελίξεις, όσoν και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various προς τις γειτνιάζουσες περιοχές, τινές των οποίων τελούν υπό καθεστώς Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, from this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement εμπολέμων καταστάσεων, ανασχεδιασμού των there εξωτερικών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, etc. this “change”, regardless of προσανατολισμών, νέων restaurants, ουτοπικών ή However μη οραμάτων και εσωτερικών the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof κλυδωνισμών. whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative
potential relative speculation). TheΤο term gentrification is found at περί first inαυτής the UK in early 1960s and it refers to οίο δήποτε ενδιαφέρον της δεδομένης κατάστασης The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor ofto ενέχει αφ΄εαυτής ιδιάζουσα σημασία, πέραν των οίων δήποτεitareas άλλων the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents are παραμέτρων, καιthem, εξ εμφανούς εμπλοκής Τρίτων, είτε προς δημιουργία London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. συμπράξεων, είτε προς εξυπηρέτηση ιδίων συμφερόντων. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth AΈτσι, description ofperiod, this phenomenon isκοιτασμάτων included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth εντοπισμός πλουσίων υδρογονανθράκων στην GLASS at theο same while similar situations recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries,Μεσογείου, by other Researchers. λεκάνη της Ανατολικής πέραν εκείνων της Αιγύπτου, εντός της cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars και and του for its more Αποκλειστικής Οικονομικής Ζώνης (ΑΟΖ) της Κύπρου Ισραήλ, Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from έχει αναβαθμίσει approach ακόμη περισσότερο το γεωπολιτικό ενδιαφέρον για τον comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ευρύτερο χώρο τηςtheΜέσης Ανατολής, ο οποίος έχειtheπροσκτηθεί βαρύνουσα interpretations phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups σημασία, αναδειχθείς ως «ένα από τα πλέον νευραλγικά σημεία του to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money πλανήτη». and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the The term from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born sense1.of safety atcomes the distributed outside town centres, search for Και είναι ακριβώς αυτή residencies η sui generis κατάσταση, η οποία οδηγεί τονin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) διαθέτοντα στερρώς δομημένη βαθύ γνώστη τουfor Youth Unemployment. The same yearαρτία she leftπροσωπικότητα Germany and afterκαι continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research inτου Geneva, London and Newσε York she came backπροσεγγίσεις to London, θέματος Συντάκτη ανάPrague, χείρας κειμένου πολυεδρικές in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and του υπό διερεύνηση αντικειμένου. University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in Ενδεικτικώς αναφέρεται εδώ, συνοπτικώς η διάρθρωσή του: 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd.όλως London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Εν αρχή γίνεται λόγος περί Γεωπολιτικής, Γεωστρατηγικής και Definition, Types ofκαι intervention, Gentrification Συστημικής Concerns Γεωπολιτικής of Ανάλυσης παρατίθενται σχετικά συμπεράσματα, κατά το Αρχαιοελληνικόν Concerns «αρχή Σοφίας ονομάτων επίσκεψις» του Φιλοσόφου ΔΙΟΓΕΝΟΥΣ.
Ακολουθεί ο γεωγραφικός Byπροσδιορισμός τηςATHANASOPOULOS υπό διερεύνηση Mr. George-Sp. C. περιοχής της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου μετά των ομόρων και εν Harvard University, Graduate School ofΚρατών Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect συνεχεία τονίζεται η Γεωπολιτική και Γεωστρατηγική σημασία της Student of the School of Architecture Ελλάδος, της Κύπρου και της Τουρκίας. Technical University of Crete
Καταγράφεται ακολούθως το διαμορφωθέν τρέχον διεθνές 1. Introductory approach: περιβάλλον περί την εν λόγωDefining περιοχή,the τοconcept ενδιαφέρον Τρίτων «αυτοβούλως» 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient«επ΄αγαθώ» Greek philosopher, εμπλεκομένων και the δρώντων Τοπικών Δομών και ακολουθεί ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the σειρά συμπερασμάτων.
among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of παρατίθεται knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Τέλος, Γεωπολιτικό Υπόδειγμα Ισορροπιών Ισχύος, Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the της term επισημαίνονται οι urban ενδεχόμενες επιπτώσεις τουif επί τηςarea Ελλάδος και gentrification) is (in of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Κύπρου, ακολουθούν Παραρτήματα και Ενδεικτική Βιβλιογραφία. Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement Το έργο διακρίνεται για τον πλούτο των σχετικών στοιχείων, την ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of πλήρη τεκμηρίωση των διατυπουμένων απόψεων, την σαφήνεια και τοof the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the whatever other consequences has, results ευκρινές των σημαντικών στοχεύσεών του. also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Mutatis mutantis, τοisέργο τηνinδιαθέσιμη Βιβλιογραφία The term gentrification foundσυμπληρώνει atpeople first in the UK early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of wealthy to buy property in poor επί συγκεκριμμένων θεματικών περιοχών και, εν τίνι μέτρω, ανάγεται theτων then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof σε πολύτιμο βοήθημα ασχολούνται μεthere την and καταγραφή, ανάλυση, London, upgrade them,σε stayόσους themselves sometimes thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. αξιολόγηση, χάραξη και συγκρότηση σχετικών Στρατηγικών, Πολιτικών, being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Μέσων καιthe Μέτρων. GLASS at same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from Καθηγητής Κωνσταντίνος ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of theΚαθηγητής phenomenon of gentrification, theΚοινωνικών following: Επιστημών Σχολής Νομικών και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of socialΠάφος groups Πανεπιστημίου ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Καθηγητής Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ομότιμος Καθηγητής Πανεπιστημίου termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, Αθηνών Berlin, where sheΚοινωνικών made her first studies. In 1932 she published anΠΑΝΤΕΙΟ, important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. TheΕπί same yearΔιαλέκτης she left Germany andΕθνικής after continuous τιμή Σχολής Αμύνης Ελλάδος lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, Ex Ch.the L.U.L. Bruxelles, Inter. I.I.A.P., Paris in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 she teacher in the to another approach, is Ex due tobecame a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Κάτοχος Τιμητικής Διακρίσεως «LE PRIX EUROPEEN 12 long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofDES buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. ETOILES», HONORIS CAUSA and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Οι πολλαπλές χρήσεις του θαλάσσιου χώρου και οι GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, προοπτικές θαλάσσιου χωροταξικού σχεδιασμού στην Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Ελλάδα: προς μια Gentrification «θαλάσσια συνοχή» Concerns Της κυρίας Στ. ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ
Αναπλ. Καθηγήτριας Τμημ. Οικονομικής και Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης Παντείου Π. Κ. Π. Ε. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect 1. Εισαγωγή Student of the School of Architecture Ενώ ο Στόχος βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης 14 (SDG 14) προωθεί τη διατήρηση Technical University of Crete
και την αειφόρο χρήση των ωκεανών, των θαλασσών και των θαλάσσιων πόρων για την αειφόρο (United Nations 2018), ο θαλάσσιος 1. Introductory approach:ανάπτυξη Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept χωροταξικός σχεδιασμός αναδύεται παγκοσμίως ως - 370 μια BC, διαδικασία ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC Athens), “trade-off” (Κυβέλου 2016). O σχεδιασμός αυτός σχετίζεται άμεσα με ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the among other wiseηheritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof “principle”: the προκλήσεις υποβάθμιση της φυσικής κατάστασης του θαλάσσιου acquisition ofόπως knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. acquisition ofοιknowledge starts with theindefinition of the content of concepts. κεφαλαίου, τρέχουσες απαιτήσεις για ifτην συνεχώς αυξανόμενη Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, not final, approach, the term 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aηfirst, if (in notthe final, approach, the term εκμετάλλευση των urban θαλάσσιων πόρων και εμφάνιση συγκρούσεων μεταξύ gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification παραδοσιακών και νέων αναδυόμενων του θαλάσσιου Οι Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city χρήσεων area, the removal from this,χώρου. (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ανταγωνιστικές απαιτήσεις για την κατανομή του θαλάσσιου χώρου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, προκαλούν συνήθως συγκρούσεις, αλλάetc. μπορούν εναλλακτικά να οδηγήσουν the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results also rising land prices (and theof σε κοινά other οφέλη εάν επιδιωχθούν ευφυείς και of δημιουργικές μορφές whatever other consequences results also rising και of land (and the potential relative σχεδιασμού πουspeculation). ευνοούν τηhas, συν-εγκατάσταση τις prices συναρμογές potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at firstβεβαίως in the UKυπόψη in earlyότι 1960s it refers to (assemblages) χρήσεων, λαμβάνοντας δενand είναι όλες οι The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of χρήσεις συμβατές μεταξύ τους (Michler-Cieluch et al. 2009, Kyriazi et al.to the then observed trend of wealthy peopleπαραδοσιακών to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof 2016) και ότι από τη δυνητική συνύπαρξη δραστηριοτήτων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. (αλιεία, θαλάσσια κυκλοφορία ή ακόμη και στρατιωτικές χρήσεις) με νέες being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth βιομηχανίες γαλάζιας ανάπτυξης (θαλάσσια υδατοκαλλιέργεια, θαλάσσια A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS the προκύπτει same while similar in other major εξόρυξη at κλπ.) σημαντική πολυπλοκότητα. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities inΟιWestern countries, by other αποφάσεις στον ΘΧΣ Researchers. απαιτούν ενοχλητικές και δαπανηρές cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several andαρνητικά for its more διαδικασίες τύπου «trade-off» και αυτό μπορεί ναscholars επηρεάσει την Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from αποδοχή της διαδικασίας από τους εμπλεκόμενους φορείς. Εναλλακτική λύση comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: αποτελούν οι αποφάσεις τύπου «win-win», αλλά αυτές σπάνια εμφανίζονται interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thecategory following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new of social groups στις σύγχρονες διαδικασίες ΘΧΣ (Ehler et al. 2019). Προκειμένου λοιπόν να to “return” to the city, the purlieus reasons:επιπτώσεις high costs inκαι money αντιμετωπιστούν οι leaving συγκρούσεις και for οι several σωρευτικές να and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place λύσεις, is, lack of the ευνοηθούν όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερο τέτοιες εναλλακτικές είναι termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, απαραίτητο να προωθηθούν ολοκληρωμένες και συνεκτικές προσεγγίσεις Berlin, where she her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health,made education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous σχεδιασμού και νέα εργαλεία διακυβέρνησης και διαχείρισης καθώς καιfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εργαλεία παρακολούθησης και συνεχούς αξιολόγησης των σχεδίων. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Σε αυτό τοof πλαίσιο, είναιshe σημαντικό να social αναπτυχθεί εννοιολογικό University College London, where continued her research.ένα Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work "θαλάσσιας are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. πλαίσιο να εφαρμόζεται, κύριο λόγο, κατά and selling realCOLLINS estate, συνοχής" etc., for theικανό depreciation initially of κατά part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: την εκπόνηση θαλάσσιων χωρικών σχεδίων σε πολυπληθείς θάλασσες G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually (Bennett 2019, Mazor et al. 2014, Klinger et al. 2018) ή νησιωτικές περιοχές
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
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(μικρούς θαλάσσιους χώρους, κλειστές ή ημίκλειστες θάλασσες όπως κόλποι, θαλάσσιες λεκάνες σε περιφερειακή κλίμακα κ.λπ.). Το πλαίσιο αυτό μπορεί να βασίζεται στο τριπλό μοντέλο της «θαλάσσιας χωρικής αποτελεσματικότητας», της «θαλάσσιας χωρικής ποιότητας» και της «θαλάσσιας χωρικής ταυτότητας», κατ’αναλογία με τις τρεις συνιστώσες της εσωτερικής "εδαφικής συνοχής". Aπαιτείται, ωστόσο, η προσαρμογή στις ιδιαιτερότητες της θάλασσας (βιοφυσικό περιβάλλον, δυναμική φύση, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS ιδιόμορφα δικαιώματα ιδιοκτησίας κλπ.) και στην πολυπλοκότητα του Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, θαλάσσιου χώρου (Kyvelou 2016, Zaucha 2019, Gee C. et ATHANASSOPOULOS al. 2011). Επιπλέον, By Mr. George-Sp. Architect δεν πρέπει να παραβλέπεται ότι η κατανομήStudent του θαλάσσιου χώρου δεν είναι of the School of Architecture μόνο θέμα αυξανόμενων θαλάσσιων διεκδικήσεων απόof Crete τις Technicalτόσο University παραδοσιακές όσο και από τις νέες θαλάσσιες χρήσεις που σχετίζονται με τη 1. Introductory Defining επίσης the concept Γαλάζια ανάπτυξη,approach: αλλά υπόκειται σε πολιτικές και γεωπολιτικές 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), συγκρούσεις. ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise left us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with the the content concepts. the 2. Η ιδέα τωνheritage πολλαπλών χρήσεων στη of θάλασσα. acquisition ofνα knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, on this “principle” a first, ifηof not final, approach, the term Για therefore, αναλυθεί περαιτέρω συνιστώσα «χωρική 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if not final, approach, the την term gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αποτελεσματικότητα», η παρούσα εισήγηση αναλύει με συντομία 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various προσέγγιση πολλαπλών χρήσεων, μια δημιουργική και καινοτόμο λύση που Sociology asευνοήσει well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, (inartists, various ways), ofνα social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement of μπορεί τον θετικό συντονισμό και τις επιλογές «win-win» ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art2011), galleries, etc. However this “change”, of (Lacroix & Pioch υπόrestaurants, την προϋπόθεση ότι ο ΘΧΣ ακολουθείregardless μια λογική the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the σύνθεσης, συναρμογής (Winder & Le Heron 2017, Bear 2017) καιof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ανθεκτικότητας (Davoudi et al. 2016). Η έννοια των «πολλαπλών χρήσεων» potential relative speculation). at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term μπορεί να gentrification ενσωματωθείis found αποτελεσματικά στον Θαλάσσιο Χωροταξικό The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property Σχεδιασμό και σημαντικές πρακτικές επιπτώσεις μπορούνinναpoor προκύψουν the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof από αυτήupgrade την ενσωμάτωση, ειδικά sometimes σε περιοχές που πολυπληθείς London, them, stay themselves there andείναι thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. εξαιτίας του ειδικού γεωγραφικού τους πλαισίου (πολυνησιωτικές και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description ofπεριοχές this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth μικρο-νησιωτικές στην Ευρώπη) ή χαρακτηρίζονται από μεγάλη A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major πυκνότητα θαλάσσιων δραστηριοτήτων είτε παραδοσιακών όπως αλιεία, GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. ναυτιλία, τουρισμός είτε νέων όπωςResearchers. υδατοκαλλιέργεια, αιολικά πάρκα, αλλά cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more και υποθαλάσσια πολιτιστική κληρονομιά. several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the various Η έννοια των «πολλαπλών χρήσεων» συναντάται σε διάφορες comprehensive approach are being summarized from theμορφές various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: στη βιβλιογραφία, με τις κυριότερες να είναι οι πλατφόρμες πολλαπλών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups χρήσεων (MUP) και η πολλαπλή χρήση του χώρου (MUS) (Depellegrin et al. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money 2019, Calado et al. 2019) όπου ο στόχος είναι να επιτευχθούν and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συμπληρωματικά με αμοιβαία οφέλη και πλεόνασμα μέσω 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety theαποτελέσματα distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made herχωρίς first studies. Inπλατφόρμα. 1932 she published an important study entitled: κοινής υποδομής αλλά κοινή Ο Θαλάσσιος Χωροταξικός services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and απαντάται after continuous Σχεδιασμός πολλαπλών χρήσεων (MU MSP) σπάνιαetc.στηfor lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where βιβλιογραφία (Christie et al. 2014,the Kannen 2014, Taljaard &a systematic Niekerk 2013, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and Kyvelou &informal Giannopoulou Kyvelou & Ierapetritis 2019, Schupp et al. long-term effort by2018, organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2019) και real το παρόν επικεντρώνεται στην ιδέαofότι οurban σχεδιασμός and selling estate,άρθρο etc., for theCodepreciation initially partαυτός of the web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αποτελεί ένα βασικό όχημα για συνεκτικό σχεδιασμό και για την εισαγωγή G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μιας νέας έννοιας στην αειφόρο ανάπτυξη του θαλάσσιου χώρου, αυτής της «θαλάσσιας συνοχής» (Kyvelou & Giannopoulou 2018, Κyvelou & Ιerapetritis 2019, Schupp et al. 2019). Μια τέτοια έννοια μπορεί να καθοδηγήσει, μέσω δεικτών, την παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγηση των θαλάσσιων χωροταξικών σχεδίων που είναι δύο από τις σημαντικότερες φάσεις του ΘΧΣ. Παρόλο που η Οδηγία για το θαλάσσιο χωροταξικό σχεδιασμό (ΕΚ, 2014) ενθαρρύνει, κατ'αρχήν, τις «πολλαπλές χρήσεις» εντός των εθνικών By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS πολιτικών και νομοθεσιών, η υπάρχουσα βιβλιογραφία (Jansen et al.2016, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Kannen 2014, Taljaard και van Niekerk, 2013) δείχνει ότι οι σχετικές θεσμικές By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ρυθμίσεις σε εθνικό επίπεδο είναι ανεπαρκείς, με βεβαίως Student of theορισμένες School of Architecture εξαιρέσεις (Jansen et al. 2016, Jentoft & Knol, 2014), και University οι χωροτάκτες Technical of Crete σπάνια θεωρούν αυτή την παράμετρο ως υποχρεωτική κατά την εκπόνηση Introductory approach: Defining the conceptη ιδέα της πολλαπλής χρήσης των1.Θαλάσσιων Χωροταξικών Σχεδίων. Ωστόσο, 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept τουANTISTHENIS, θαλάσσιου χώρου αναφέρεται από το(444 2009 the ancient Greek ήδη philosopher, BCαπό - 370την BC, Douvere Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC,χρήσης, Athens), among other wise heritage left us,διακρίνει he established a great the (Douvere & Ehler, 2009) ηheοποία τον (444 ΘΧΣ πολλαπλής among other wise heritage he leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with of the concepts. ιδιαίτερα όπου κυριαρχεί πυκνότητα χρήσεων και οι content αντιθέσεις μεταξύ των acquisition ofτου knowledge starts with thein definition of the content of concepts. Based, και therefore, on this “principle” a first, if για not final, approach, term χρηστών περιβάλλοντος είναι εμφανείς, παράδειγμα, στηthe Βόρειο 1 (and urban Based, Φυσικά, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated aτοfirst, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of χωροταξικού Planning) (or gentrification Θάλασσα. εκείνη την περίοδο, βασικό εργαλείο 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various σχεδιασμού και η βάση της στρατηγικής διαχείρισης με σκοπό την διατήρηση Sociology as well), “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement και προστασία ήτανasηthe «ζωνοποίηση». ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, However this “change”, of Οι πολλαπλές χρήσειςrestaurants, αποτελούνetc. στοιχείο καινοτομίας στηνregardless διαδικασία the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the του ΘΧΣ και προορίζονται ολοένα και περισσότερο για περιοχές όπου υπάρχειof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative ένταση χρήσης, π.χ. στη Βόρειο Θάλασσα ή στον Ανατολικό Ωκεανό (Calado potential relative speculation). TheChristie term gentrification found at first in the UK in 1960s it refers to 2019, et al. 2014,isJentoft και Knol 2014). Οιearly Jentoft καιand Knol (2014) The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor αναφέρονται σε αυτό ως "ειρηνική συνύπαρξη" και δίνουν το παράδειγμα της the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas of London, upgrade them, stayΘΧΣ themselves and 2011) thus old residents ολλανδικής προσέγγισης που αναθεωρήθηκε (IDON έτσι ώστε are να London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. περιλαμβάνει πολλαπλές χρήσεις στην ίδια θαλάσσια περιοχή (υδάτινη being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included μέσω in the της work«ζωνοποίησης» of Sociologist Ruth στήλη). Στη Βόρειο Θάλασσα, ο αποκλεισμός δεν A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major είναι η πρώτη επιλογή στη διαδικασία ΘΧΣ, καθώς χρησιμοποιείται μόνο εάν GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. εξαντληθούν οι countries, δυνατότητες πολλαπλής χρήσης, ενώ ταυτόχρονα οι cities in Western by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more σωρευτικές επιπτώσεις χρήσεων στο scholars περιβάλλον πάντα Since then, the issueπολλαπλών has several andείναι for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from the ανησυχητικές ( Jentoft & Knolare 2014). comprehensive approach being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Oι Christie etthe al.phenomenon (2014), ορίζουν την συνύπαρξη δραστηριοτήτων στο interpretations thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups χώρο και το χρόνο μέσω ΘΧΣ ως "συν-εγκατάσταση" (co-location) θεωρώντας to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money την ως ένα πλεονεκτικό εργαλείο για την αντιμετώπιση των χωρικών and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the συγκρούσεων στα και παράκτια ύδατα τουcentres, Ηνωμένου 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASSΒασιλείου wasbetter born in sense safety the θαλάσσια distributed residencies outside town for Berlin, where sheΣυμπεραίνουν made her first studies. In 1932 sheκαι published an important study entitled: (MMO, 2014). ότι η επιτυχία η έκταση των συστημάτων services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germanyκαι and after continuous συν-εγκατάστασης εξειδικεύονται τοπικά ότι τοto εύρος και η lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, εφαρμοσιμότητά τους πρέπει να αξιολογούνται στην αρχή της διαδικασίας in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College where she continued social research. brokers Her public and σχεδιασμού, γιαof London, δε την επιτυχία της her συν-εγκατάστασης προϋπόθεση long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. θεωρείται η προσαρμοστική και η υλοποίηση πιλοτικών έργων and selling real estate, etc., for theδιαχείριση depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: με συνεχή παρακολούθηση για να διαφανεί εάν η συν-εγκατάσταση είναι G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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εφικτή και λειτουργική. Οι Schupp et al. (2019) διακρίνουν τρεις άλλους τύπους πολλαπλών χρήσεων, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τις παραμέτρους «χώρος», «χρόνος» και «συνδεσιμότητα»: την «πολυλειτουργική χρήση- χρήση πολλαπλού σκοπού», την «συμβιωτική χρήση» και την «διαδοχική χρήση/επανάχρηση» (Schupp et al., 2019). Αυτή η κατηγοριοποίηση απορρέει από την αντίληψη ότι η "πολλαπλή χρήση" μπορεί να καθοριστεί είτε με παράλληλα αναπτυσσόμενες δραστηριότητες είτε με ασύγχρονες διαδοχικές By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS δραστηριότητες. Επίσης, πολλαπλές χρήσεις μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν είτε Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, από ένα μόνο χρήστη είτε απόByδιαφορετικούς Η τυπολογία Mr. George-Sp.χρήστες. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect αναδεικνύει το τεράστιο δυναμικό των "πολλαπλών χρήσεων" και την Student of the School of Architecture ικανότητά τους να προσαρμόζονται με δημιουργικό τρόπο, σε ποικίλες Technical University of Crete συνθήκες στις θάλασσες και τις παράκτιες περιοχές. 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greekχρήσεων philosopher, Πίνακας 1. Τύποι πολλαπλών στη θάλασσα τους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BCσύμφωνα -“principle”: 370 BC, με Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the Schupp al.(2019) amongetother wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Τύποι πολλαπλών ΧΩΡΟΣ ΧΡΟΝΟΣ ΤΥΠΟΣ 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification χρήσεων1 ΣΥΝΔΕΣΙΜΟΤΗΤΑΣ gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal (in various Πολυλειτουργική χρήση- Οι χρήσεις Οι χρήσεις Οι κύριες λειτουργίες Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), groups, μοιράζονται usually of low-income and the placement of artists, Χρήση of social πολλαπλού τον συμβαίνουν είναι there ουσιαστικά ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of σκοπού. ίδιο χώρο. συγχρόνως. συνδεδεμένες the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Συμβιωτική χρήση Οι χρήσεις Οι χρήσεις δεν of Οιland χρήσεις μοιράζονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising prices (and the potential relative λειτουργούν στην μοιράζονται την την μεταφορά των potential relative speculation). The term gentrification first in the UK in earlyπληρωμάτων, 1960s and itταrefers to ίδιαis found ζώνη at (δηλ. ίδια βασική λιμάνια The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas of υπάρχει σύνδεση υποδομή. ή δεδομένα the then observed trend of wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes andπαρακολούθησης. thus old residents areof ως προς τη χωρική London, upgrade them,διάσταση). stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Συνύπαρξη/ Μέτριος in έως χαμηλός GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. συν-εγκατάσταση βαθμός διασύνδεσης cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more μεταξύ των Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe forχρήσεων. its more εμπλεκόμενων comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from various comprehensive approach areχρήσεις being summarized Διαδοχικές χρήσεις / phenomenon Οι ΟΙ χρήσειςthe δενbelow, Οι from the various μόνιμες interpretations of the of gentrification, following: επανάχρηση συνδέονται ως συνδέονται ωςcategory εγκαταστάσεις μιάς interpretations the phenomenon gentrification, the following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof to a trend of a new of social groups προς την χωρική προς τον χρόνο. θαλάσσιας χρήσης (π.χ. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inεξόρυξης money διάσταση μόνο. πλατφόρμες and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the πετρελαίου ή/και termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS was born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for better φυσικού αερίου, αιολικές Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published anεγκαταστάσεις) entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart ofimportant the city”,study (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for παραμένουν μετά τη lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, λήξη του έργου και in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and αλλάζουν θαλάσσια University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers of buying χρήση. her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate,et etc., theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Πηγή : Schupp al.,for 2019 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
3. Περιγραφή της ερευνητικής εργασίας Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι η προσέγγιση ενός εργαλείου αξιολόγησης θαλάσσιων χωροταξικών σχεδίων που θα βασίζεται σε ένα εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο θαλάσσιας συνοχής με αιχμή του δόρατος τις πολλαπλές χρήσεις του θαλάσσιου χώρου. Κατά συνέπεια, η έρευνα αρθρώθηκε γύρω από τους παρακάτω άξονες. Α. Σύντομη προσέγγιση της έννοιας της ολοκλήρωσης και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS συνοχής στο θαλάσσιο χώρο, όπως αυτή απαντάται σε οραματικά και Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μεθοδολογικά προγράμματα και έργα που αφορούν χώρες της ίδιας By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θαλάσσιας λεκάνης. Β. Επικέντρωση στην συνιστώσα «θαλάσσια χωρική Student of the School of Architecture αποτελεσματικότητα» της θαλάσσιας συνοχής μέσω της University εξέτασηςofτων Technical Crete πολλαπλών χρήσεων στη θάλασσα. Γ. Εκπόνηση ενός εννοιολογικού 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept πλαισίου «θαλάσσιας συνοχής» με φιλοδοξία να ξεκινήσει μια συνεκτική και 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient&Greek philosopher, συναρμοστική σκέψη (Winder Le Heron 2017, Bear 2017) για τον θαλάσσιο ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χώρο, other ειδικά σε μικρούς θαλάσσιους χώρους, με ιδιαίτερα among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the κοινωνικο-πολιτιστικά χαρακτηριστικά. Ένας τέτοιος θαλάσσιος είναι, acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of χώρος concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term για παράδειγμα, ο Κορινθιακός κόλπος is στην Ελλάδα al. 2018), ο 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” in a first, if (in not(Beriatos final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated the area ofetPlanning) (or gentrification 1 οποίος παρουσιάζεται σεgentrification) αυτό of τοa city έγγραφο ωςremoval μελέτη περίπτωσης που gentrification (and urban isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” the this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various δικαιολογεί πλήρως την ανάγκη για ένα τέτοιο πλαίσιο συνοχής, λόγω του ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, θεσμικού καιofλειτουργικού κατακερματισμού, της περιβαλλοντικής κρίσης, the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,συμφερόντων, results also rising των αντικρουόμενων χρήσεων και κ.λ.πof land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative Η ιδέα βασίζεται στη μεταφορά της έννοιας της «εδαφικής συνοχής» potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found atθαλάσσιο first in theπεριβάλλον. UK in early 1960s andέννοια it refersτης to στοThe δυναμικό και μεταβαλλόμενο την The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in earlyΓια 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor "εδαφικής συνοχής"trend υπάρχειwealthy ένα εκτενές το areas οποίοof the then observed peopleσώμα to there buyβιβλιογραφίας, property in poor London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are αναφέρεται μερικώς, αφού τα άρθρα (Rawls 1971, Davoudi 2005a, Davoudi London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly 2005b, Camagni “squeezed”. 2007, Hall 2005, Faludi 2004, in Prezioso 2008, Kyvelou 2010, A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth Zaucha & έχουν ανάλογα με τηνrecorded καταλληλότητά τους GLASS at Böhme the same2019) period, whileεπιλεγεί similar situations were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities Western countries, by otherέννοια Researchers. όσον in αφορά την προτεινόμενη της «θαλάσσιας συνοχής» αλλά και cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars and Η forθαλάσσια its more τους σχετικούς δείκτες αξιολόγησης καιseveral παρακολούθησης. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from συνοχή μπορεί να approach είναι ζωτικής σημασίας για τον προγραμματισμό τόσο της comprehensive are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: οικονομίας όσο και περιβάλλοντος (φυσικά θαλάσσια οικοσυστήματα interpretations theτου phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups καθώς και κοινωνικο-πολιτιστικά συστήματα) και σε μια συμπληρωματική to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money χρήση "εδαφική συνοχή" μπορεί να διαμορφώσει and timeμεto την travelεσωτερική from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack ofένα the ολοκληρωμένο και τοποκεντρικό παράδειγμα συνοχής, που περιλαμβάνει 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres,θα search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: την οικονομική (Zaucha services of health, αποτελεσματικότητα education, entertainment “at the 2019) heart ofκαι the την city”,κοινωνική (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where (Halpern et al., 2013, Papadakis and Kyvelou 2017) και χωρική δικαιοσύνη studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and (Κυβέλου 2010). University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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3.1. Παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγηση των Θαλάσσιων Χωροταξικών Σχεδίων Η παρακολούθηση και η αξιολόγηση είναι δύο από τις σημαντικότερες φάσεις του ΘΧΣ. Χωρίς τη γνώση των επιτευγμάτων από μια πρωτοβουλία ΘΧΣ, δεν είναι δυνατή η εφαρμογή αποτελεσματικής πολιτικής προσαρμογής By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS και διαχείρισης. Πράγματι, η παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγηση της απόδοσης Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, των Θαλάσσιων Χωροταξικών Σχεδίων επιτρέπει στις υπεύθυνες αρχές να By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ενημερωθούν σχετικά με τις επιπτώσεις των δράσεων διαχείρισης των Student of the School of Architecture Θαλάσσιων Χωροταξικών Σχεδίων και να τις προσαρμόζουν ανάλογα. Technical University of Crete Ωστόσο, η παρακολούθηση και η αξιολόγηση των επιδόσεων αντιμετωπίζουν 1. Introductory Definingηthe concept και η κατανόηση μεταξύ πολλές δυσκολίες.approach: Για παράδειγμα, επικοινωνία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient Greek philosopher, τωνANTISTHENIS, οργανισμών καθοδηγείται συχνά από τη μεταβαλλόμενη χρήση της ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the ορολογίας σε διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις αξιολόγησης, καθώς δεν υπάρχει among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the "μία" μοναδική προσέγγιση πουwith να ταιριάζει σε όλεςthe τιςcontent ανάγκεςofαξιολόγησης. acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Επίσης, ενός συνόλου σχετικών, ενημερωτικών και 1καθιέρωση Based,ηtherefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 αντικειμενικών δεικτών γιαgentrification) την αξιολόγηση των τουthis, ΘΧΣ είναι ένα gentrification (and urban indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, theεπιδόσεων removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various πολύ περίπλοκο καθήκον, ειδικά εάν καλύπτουν όχι μόνο οικολογικές αλλά ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement ofΤέλος, artists, και κοινωνικοοικονομικές διαστάσεις καιHowever ζητήματα διακυβέρνησης. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever consequences has, results rising ofπαρακολούθησης land prices (and και theof συχνά δενother υπάρχουν επαρκείς πόροι για τιςalso διαδικασίες whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative αξιολόγησης. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor 3.1.1observed Ο οδηγόςtrend αξιολόγησης της IOC/ UNESCO the then wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof Λόγω της σημασίας της παρακολούθησης αξιολόγησης της London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes thereκαι and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. απόδοσης κατά την διαδικασία προσαρμοστικής διαχείρισης, η IOC/ UNESCO A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations includedΘαλασσίων inwere the recorded workΧωρικών of Sociologist Ruth δημοσίευσε τοsame 2014 έναν Οδηγό Αξιολόγησης Σχεδίων GLASS at the while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. (UNESCO, 2014). Ο οδηγός προορίζεται για τους υπεύθυνους για τον cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and its more σχεδιασμό και τη διαχείριση των θαλάσσιων περιοχών και for περιγράφει Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from βασικές αρχές για την αξιολόγηση του ΘΧΣ και 8 βήματα για την comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: παρακολούθηση και αξιολόγησηofτων επιδόσεωνthe των θαλάσσιων χωρικών interpretations theτην phenomenon following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new category of social groups σχεδίων. Υπογραμμίζει ότι η αξιολόγηση και η παρακολούθηση των in ΘΧΣ δεν to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money πρέπει στο τηςtoδιαδικασίας και ότιwork οι στόχοι διαχείρισης and timeνα toαφεθούν travel from theτέλος purlieus downtown, where place is, lack of the και τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα είναι μετρήσιμα. Συγκεκριμένα, τα better οκτώ 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: (8) βασικά βήματα παρακολούθησης και“at αξιολόγησης απόδοσης των services of health, education, entertainment the heart ofτης the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. θαλάσσιων χωρικών σχεδίων είναι: 1. Προσδιορισμός της ανάγκης studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the isσχεδίου due aαξιολόγησης; systematic and παρακολούθησης καιstudies αξιολόγησης και προετοιμασία 2. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying Προσδιορισμός των μετρήσιμων ΘΧΣ;COLLINS 3. Αναγνώριση δράσεων her work are characterized by a passion στόχων for justice.του See also: ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND London 2009. The Free Encyclopedia: διαχείρισης θαλάσσιου χώρου γιαLtd. κάθε στόχο; 4:WIKIPEDIA: Προσδιορισμός δεικτών και G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually στόχων επιδόσεων για δράσεις διαχείρισης του θαλάσσιου χώρου; 5:
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
Καθιέρωση βάσης για επιλεγμένους δείκτες; 6: Παρακολούθηση των επιλεγμένων δεικτών διαχείρισης απόδοσης; 7: Αξιολόγηση των αποτελεσμάτων της παρακολούθησης; 8: Κοινοποίηση των αποτελεσμάτων αξιολόγησης στους υπεύθυνους λήψης αποφάσεων και στους ενδιαφερόμενους.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS
3.1.2 Ολοκλήρωση και συνοχή στον ΘΧΣ Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Η έννοια της ¨ολοκλήρωσης»Byστον ΘΧΣ έχει αποτελέσει αντικείμενο Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of theκαι School of Architecture πολλών οραματικών και μεθοδολογικών προγραμμάτων έργων. Ένα από Technical University of Crete Πλαισίου της ΕΕ αυτά είναι το έργο MESMA του 7ου Προγράμματος (2009-2013), το οποίο επικεντρώθηκε στις λεγόμενες «περιοχές χωροταξικής 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept διαχείρισης» (Spatially Areas,philosopher, SMAs), δηλαδή ANTISTHENIS, the Managed ancientDefining Greek (444περιοχές BC - 370υφιστάμενου BC, Athens), ή αναπτυσσόμενου πλαισίου ΘΧΣ, προκειμένου να επιτευχθούν στόχοι ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the among other wiseθαλάσσιων heritage leftthe us,definition he established aτης great the διατήρησης οικοσυστημάτων διαχείρισης acquisition of των knowledge startshe with ofμέσω the content of“principle”: concepts. των acquisition ofπιέσεων knowledge starts with thein definition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on των this “principle” a first, if of not approach, the term σωρευτικών διαφόρων εσωτερικών ήfinal, εξωτερικών τομεακών 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, theτων term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification δραστηριοτήτων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των γεωλογικών κινδύνων και 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various απειλών που συνδέονται με την κλιματική αλλαγή. Το έργο επικεντρώνεται Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement σχεδόν αποκλειστικά στο οικοσύστημα και τηand βιοποικιλότητα και αγνοεί το ways), of social groups, usually of low-income the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ευρύτερο κοινωνικοοικονομικό, οικονομικό και σχετικό την prices αγορά πλαίσιο. the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other has, results risingthis ofμε“change”, land (and theof Αποτελεί μια ποσοτική προσέγγιση φυσικών et al., whatever other consequences has, results also παραμέτρων rising of land (Issaris prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). 2012) σχετίζεται isμεfound τον ολοκληρωμένο Παρέχει The και termδεν gentrification at first in the UKσχεδιασμό. in early 1960s and it χρήσιμη refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in earlyκαι 1960s and itareas refersofto καθοδήγηση σχετικά με την επιλογή, τη in χαρτογράφηση την αξιολόγηση the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof των συνιστωσών του οικοσυστήματος και των ανθρωπογενών πιέσεων και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. βιοφυσικών δεικτών και των δεικτών που αφορούν τις πιέσεις στα θαλάσσια being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth οικοσυστήματα. A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Το at διακρατικό οραματικό σχέδιο BaltSeaPlan 2030 "Προς in τον αειφόρο GLASS the same period, while similar situations were recorded other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. σχεδιασμό του the χώρου τηςhas Βαλτικής Θάλασσας" (Gee et al., and 2019), διέπεται cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, issue preoccupied several scholars for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more κατά κύριο λόγο από μια προσέγγιση "θαλάσσιας συνοχής" για τον χώρο της comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various Βαλτικής Θάλασσας. Το όραμαof gentrification, αποτελεί μέρος μιας ολοκληρωμένης interpretations of the phenomenon the following: interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: In a sense, the phenomenon is due to a trend of a new category social groups προσέγγισης ΘΧΣ σε διαφορετικές κλίμακες, με ορίζονταofτο 2030. Η to “return” toκαι theκοινωνική city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money οικονομική ευημερία, και ένα υγιές και ανθεκτικό οικοσύστημα and to travelΘάλασσας from the purlieus to downtown, where workμιας placeπραγματικής is, lack of the της time Βαλτικής αποτελούν τα συστατικά termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, "θαλάσσιας στο της βιωσιμότητας, και ο ΘΧΣstudy είναιentitled: ένα Berlin, whereσυνοχής", she made her firstπλαίσιο studies. In 1932 she published an important services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous εργαλείο για την τους. Ηprivate στόχευση είναιaccess στη «λιτή» χρήση του lower living cost of,εξασφάλισή “withdrawal” from markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, χώρου, όρος που σπάνια συναντάται στη θαλάσσια σφαίρα, σε αντίθεση με το in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. Her public action and αστικό informal περιβάλλον (Haëntjens, 2012). Συνιστάταιbrokers η of"χωρική long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αποτελεσματικότητα" (Gee etCodepreciation al., η οικονομία των χρήσεων, η and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. 2019), London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Gentrification: G. και ALEXANDRI: Abstract. http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm aσυγκέντρωση variety of ways, in ηorder to achieve theμεταξύ “assisted”, (actually αλληλεξάρτηση τους,“voluntary”, η προώθηση των
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συνεργασιών, των συνεργειών και των πολλαπλών χρήσεων του θαλάσσιου χώρου. Τέλος, το σχέδιο BONUS BALTSPACE (2015-2018), που θεωρεί τον ΘΧΣ ως πολυδιάστατη έννοια, προσφέρει επίσης μια ελκυστική προσέγγιση στον καθορισμό της ολοκλήρωσης και τη διερεύνηση σχετικών προκλήσεων και επιπτώσεων στη διαδικασία ΘΧΣ. Αναγνωρίζεται ευρέως ότι η ένταξη By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS αποτελεί βασικό στοιχείο για τον ΘΧΣ και το έργο επισημαίνει τις βασικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, προκλήσεις της ολοκλήρωσης, όπως η ολοκλήρωση μεταξύ πολιτικών και By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect τομέων, η πολυεπίπεδη και διασυνοριακή ολοκλήρωση, η ενσωμάτωση των Student of the School of Architecture ενδιαφερομένων μερών και των γνώσεων, καταλήγοντας στο συμπέρασμα Technical University of Crete ότι το σημαντικότερο είναι το τελευταίο (Bonus Baltspace, 2018). 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, 3.2. Η επικέντρωση στις πολλαπλές χρήσεις του θαλάσσιου χώρου, από ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the την ΕΕ among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Για την αύξηση της «θαλάσσιας χωρικήςtheαποτελεσματικότητας» acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term (Kyvelou Ierapertitis, 2019), η Ευρωπαϊκή χρηματοδότησε τη 1 (and urban Based,&therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,Επιτροπή if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 δεκαετία του 2000, πολλά έργα για χρήσεις, αποδεικνύοντας gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a τις cityπολλαπλές the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various έτσι μια ισχυρή δέσμευση για περαιτέρω διερεύνηση βιώσιμων πολλαπλών ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), ofμε social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, χρήσεων επίκεντρο τα παράκτια καιetc. θαλάσσια ύδατα και τους ωκεανούς. the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has,δείχνουν results also of land pricesδυναμικό (and theof Τα αποτελέσματα των έργων ότι rising υπάρχει μεγάλο whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative πολλαπλών χρήσεων στον ΘΧΣ ώστε να εξυπηρετηθεί με επιτυχία η χωρική potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early and it refers to αποτελεσματικότητα στονisθαλάσσιο χώρο. το1960s προσανατολισμένο The term gentrification found atpeople first inΕιδικότερα, the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor στη ανάπτυξη έργο wealthy H2020 MUSES in European Seas”)of the γαλάζια then observed trend people (“Multi-Use to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are συνέκρινε τις πιθανές θαλάσσιες πολλαπλές χρήσεις μεταξύ των θαλάσσιων London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. λεκανών της Ευρώπης και αποκάλυψε σημαντικές ιδιαιτερότητες γιαRuth την A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κάθε μιαat(Schultz-Zehden al. 2019). τιςwere ιδιαιτερότητες GLASS the same period,etwhile similarΑνέδειξε situations recorded in των otherχωρών major GLASS at the same period, while situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by othersimilar Researchers. της Βόρειας και της Νότιας Ευρώπης. Στις were πρώτες, κύριοι μοχλοί cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, theγαλάζιας issue has preoccupied several scholars and forοιits more δραστηριοτήτων ανάπτυξης και συν-εγκατάστασης είναι χρήσεις Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from ανανεώσιμης ωκεάνιας ενέργειας και summarized τα υπεράκτιαbelow, αιολικά πάρκα και οι comprehensive approach are being from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: δεύτερες φιλοξενούν κυρίως έξυπνες συν-εγκαταστάσεις αναδυόμενων και interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups παραδοσιακών θαλάσσιων οικονομικών δραστηριοτήτων, με τον τουρισμό να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money αποτελεί κύρια εισοδήματος στις περιοχές αυτές. Οιis,πολλαπλές and time toτην travel fromπηγή the purlieus to downtown, where work place lack of the χρήσεις μπορούν να συμβάλουν ώστε να καταστεί δυνατή η for γαλάζια 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search better Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανάπτυξη σε μειονεκτούσες περιοχές “atτης Ευρώπης, αγροτικές ή services of health, education, entertainment the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. απομακρυσμένες νησιωτικές περιοχές, με επίκεντρο τις μικρής κλίμακας studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 teacher in the to another approach, the phenomenon is due a systematic and χρήσεις όπως ο αλιευτικός τουρισμός (Budzich-Tabor etshe al.tobecame 2014, Piasecki et University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying al. Κyvelou & Ierapetris 2020), ως κινητήρια δύναμηENGLISH διαφοροποίησης her2016, work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: των αλιευτικών δραστηριοτήτων προς ένα2009. συμπληρωματικό εισόδημα για G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually τους αλιείς και μια πιο βιώσιμη αλιεία. Εντοπίστηκαν πιθανοί συνδυασμοί
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
πολλαπλών χρήσεων (π.χ. υποθαλάσσια πολιτιστική κληρονομιά και τουριστικές δραστηριότητες) που μπορούν επίσης να παρέχουν χρηματοδότηση (π.χ. μέσω φορολόγησης) για την υποθαλάσσια πολιτιστική κληρονομιά ή τη διατήρηση της φύσης ενώ παράλληλα δημιουργούν εναλλακτικά τουριστικά προϊόντα (Przedrzymirska et al. 2018). Το έργο MUSES πραγματεύεται ουσιαστικά τη θαλάσσια διάσταση της By Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS εδαφικής συνοχής, διέπεται από χωρική σκέψη καιC.έχει σαφείς εδαφικές Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, αναφορές. Η προσέγγισή του συμπίπτει με εκείνη που εκφράζεται από τα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Έργα ESPON (ESPON-on-the-Road Project 2014), ότι οι γαλάζιες οικονομικές Student of the School of Architecture δραστηριότητες αλληλεπιδρούν με τη γη και αντίστροφα και University αυτό ισχύει και Technical of Crete για τις Μεσογειακές περιοχές που μπορούν να επηρεαστούν σημαντικά από Introductory approach: Defining the concept τις1.θαλάσσιες δραστηριότητες. Η διαφορά Βορρά-Νότου αποκαλύπτεται 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, επίσης ως προς τιςthe ευκαιρίες έντονης γαλάζιας ανάπτυξης, που είναι ένα ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,συνοχή he established a great σημαντικό θέμα που σχετίζεται με τη στην Ευρώπη. Παρόμοιο ήτανthe το among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the αποτέλεσμα του έργου ESPON ESaTDOR, το οποίο μέσω μιάς τυπολογίας acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term θαλάσσιων περιοχών στην Ευρώπη αποκάλυψε η πλέον έντονη θαλάσσια 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first,ότι if (in not final, approach, the term gentrification) is the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and δραστηριότητα, είτε σε“refining” ροές είτεof σε οικονομικούς όρους, συγκεντρώνεται gentrification urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the a city the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various στον παραδοσιακό ευρωπαϊκό πυρήνα ή στο ευρωπαϊκό πεντάγωνο, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of περιφερειακούς low-income and the placement there of artists, παράλληλα με κάποιους άλλους κόμβους σε ολόκληρη την the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences2014). has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Ευρώπη (ESPON-on-the-Road whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential Θα relative πρέπει speculation). να σημειώσουμε εδώ ότι το έργο MUSES δίνει ένα ορισμό potential relative speculation). The term στην gentrification is found at first in the UK in χώρου early 1960s and ως it refers to «ομπρέλα» πολλαπλή χρήση (MUS) "κοινή The term gentrification found atτου firstθαλάσσιου in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy people to buy property in poor ofto εκούσια χρήση των πόρων σεwealthy στενή γεωγραφική γειτνίαση ... αυτό μπορεί να the then observed trend people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof περιλαμβάνει είτε έναν μόνο χρήστη είτε πολλούς χρήστες". Καλύπτει μια London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. σειρά διαφορετικών συνδυασμών is χρήσεων θαλάσσιο χώρο Ruth και A description of this phenomenon included inστον the work of Sociologist A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth διακρίνειat the μεταξύ "αποκλειστικών στους πόρους" και GLASS same period, while similar δικαιωμάτων situations were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, wereέναν recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. "συμμετοχής χωρίς αποκλεισμούς στους situations πόρους από ή περισσότερους cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied otherκαι Researchers. Since then, the issueπροφανώς has several scholars and forείδος its more χρήστες", εστιάζοντας, με περιοριστικό τρόπο, στο των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from δικαιωμάτων εκμετάλλευσης των διαφόρων χρήσεων/ χρηστών, χωρίς να comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: γίνεται αναφορά the στις διαφορετικές τους ρυθμίσεις, στα συνεταιριστικά interpretations phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups μοντέλα και στις αλληλεπιδράσεις τους, δηλαδή στα δίκτυα τις to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inκαι money συναρμογές μεταξύ τους andtoThuy, 2016).where work place is, lack of the and time to travel from the(Arbo purlieus downtown, Τα οφέλη από τον ΘΧΣ πολλαπλών χρήσεων είναι τόσο 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthπολλαπλά, GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: δημόσια και ιδιωτικά (Kite-Powell 2017). Μειώνεται της services ofόσο health, education, entertainment “at the heart of το theαποτύπωμα city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. συγκέντρωσης περισσότερων οικονομικών δραστηριοτήτων, δηλαδή studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 sheηpublished studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. οι In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, is due aστην systematic and αυξάνεται χωρική απόδοση καιthe μειώνονται απώλειες αξία των University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying οικοσυστημικών υπηρεσιών λόγω ασυμβίβαστων χρήσεων her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISHθαλάσσιου DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: χώρου. ΟWil. ιδιωτικός SONS τομέας μπορεί να επωφεληθεί από την εξοικονόμηση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually κόστους λόγω της κοινής χρήσης κατά τη διάρκεια των διαδικασιών
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σχεδιασμού, των νομικών και αδειοδοτικών διαδικασιών. Παρατηρείται μείωση του κόστους εγκατάστασης και συντήρησης, καθώς και η κοινή υποδομή, οι εγκαταστάσεις εφοδιαστικής και επικοινωνίας και οι γραμμές παροχής (Gimpel et al. 2018) μαζί με μια δυνητική αύξηση της έντασης κεφαλαίου και εργασίας λόγω της συμπληρωματικότητας αυτής ( Zaucha 2019, Gimpel et al. 2018). Ο Zaucha (2019) υποστηρίζει ότι η πολλαπλή χρήση Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS μπορεί να τονώσει την δημιουργία By θαλάσσιων συστάδων και αυτό μπορεί Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, να προσφέρει στήριξη στη συνοχή που συνδέεται με το κοινωνικό κεφάλαιο, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect στη ξηρά και τη θάλασσα. Οι Taljaard και Van Niekerk (2013) θεωρούν ότι Student of the School of Architecture αυτό το είδος ΘΧΣ βασίζεται σε έξι διαφορετικά παραδείγματα που συνάδουν Technical University of Crete με την ολοκληρωμένη περιβαλλοντική διαχείριση: Το χωροταξικό 1. Introductory Defining concept παράδειγμα, το approach: παράδειγμα τηςthe“διαχείρισης βάσει στόχων”, το 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, οικοσυστημικό πρότυπο το οποίο αποτελεί βασική αρχή του ΘΧΣ εν γένει, το ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the παράδειγμα "προσαρμοστικής διαχείρισης", η "συμμετοχική ορθολογική among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων" η "συνεταιριστική περιβαλλοντική acquisition of knowledge starts with και theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term διακυβέρνηση". Είναι προφανέςis υπάρχουν μικτά παραδείγματα 1 (and Based, therefore, onλοιπόν this “principle” inότι a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term urban gentrification) indicated area of Planning) (or gentrification 1σχεδιασμού" "χωροταξικού και "διαχείρισης/διακυβέρνησης" τον gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areaπίσω of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal this, (inαπό various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ΘΧΣ πολλαπλών χρήσεων. ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income thethis placement of artists, Ένα κρίσιμο ζήτημα είναι ότι οιand ενδιαφερόμενοι πρέπει να the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other για consequences has, results of land prices theof ενημερώνονται το πραγματικό νόημα also των rising συγκρούσεων (Arbo (and & Thuy whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential 2016) καιrelative για τις πιθανές μορφές συντονισμού. Για παράδειγμα, στον ΘΧΣ, η potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first συχνά in the UK in early 1960s and ορισμένες it refers to «ζωνοποίηση» της θάλασσας απαιτείται από The term gentrification foundπου atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ανταγωνιστικές δραστηριότητες όπως η υδατοκαλλιέργεια (Schupp et al.of the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes and thus old residents are 2019) αποτελεί παράδειγμα αρνητικού συντονισμού (Arbo & Thuy 2016) London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly δεδομένου ότι η“squeezed”. είναι η περιχαράκωση, ορίων και η A description ofιδέα this phenomenon is included inηtheδημιουργία work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth αποτροπή αλληλεπίδρασης μεταξύ δραστηριοτήτων andinThuy GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were(Arbo recorded other2016). major GLASS at the period, situations wereνα recorded otherήπιος major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Σε αντίθεση με same αυτό τον άκαμπτο συντονισμό, μπορεί υπάρξειinένας cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. then,συντονισμός the issue hasπου preoccupied several scholars and for its more καιSince θετικός θα προάγει την αμοιβαία κατανόηση και Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from εμπιστοσύνη μεταξύ των ενδιαφερομένων μερών, πιο φιλόδοξες προσδοκίες comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: και ικανότητα να δομηθούν από κοινού νέες και καινοτόμες λύσεις (Arbo and interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Thuy 2016). Οι πολλαπλές χρήσεις στον ΘΧΣ και ο ΘΧΣ γενικότερα να to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsπρέπει in money ακολουθήσουν αυτή θετική νοοτροπία συντονισμού. and time to travel fromτηthe purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: 4. of Αποτελέσματα τηςentertainment έρευνας services health, education, “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private easier access markets, etc.where 4.1. Εννοιολογικό πλαίσιο συνοχής στον θαλάσιο χώρο. studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and Στην βιβλιογραφία, δεν έχει υπάρξει ποτέ ρητή αναφορά σε in μια University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying «θαλάσσια κατ’ εδαφικού της ισοδύναμου, δηλαδή her work are συνοχή» characterized by aαναλογία passion for του justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: της εσωτερικής «εδαφικής συνοχής». Eπικρατεί ο όρος ολοκλήρωση των G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually πολιτικών και τομέων ή μεταξύ των εμπλεκομένων και των γνώσεων ή
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
μεταξύ των διαφόρων εθνικών διαδικασιών ΘΧΣ. Ωστόσο, ο Zaucha, μελετώντας την εφαρμοσιμότητα της θεωρίας τόπου εγκατάστασης στον θαλάσσιο σχεδιασμό (Zaucha 2019), υποστηρίζει ότι λόγω μιας σειράς χαρακτηριστικών, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του ιδιοκτησιακού καθεστώτος, ο θαλάσσιος χώρος απαιτεί συλλογικούς μηχανισμούς διακυβέρνησης που είναι οι λεγόμενοι «μηχανισμοί δημόσιας επιλογής» στα οικονομικά που Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASOPOULOS συνδέονται συνήθως με διοικητικέςByαποφάσεις. ΠαράC.ταύτα, ο συγγραφέας Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, θεωρεί την εδαφική συνοχή, που συνήθως εφαρμόζεται στη χερσαία Student, χωρική By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect ανάπτυξη, μικρής σημασίας στη θάλασσα λόγω της περιορισμένης παρουσίας Student of the School of Architecture των ανθρώπων στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον και αμφιβάλλει για University το νόημα και το Technical of Crete περιεχόμενο ενός στόχου εδαφικής συνοχής για τη θάλασσα. Υποστηρίζει ότι 1. Introductory approach: concept ένας τέτοιος στόχος, μαζί μεDefining άλλους, the όπως η «ποιότητα ζωής» ή η «χωρική 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientνα Greek philosopher, ολοκλήρωση», δεν the πρέπει αντιμετωπίζονται ξεχωριστά, αλλά ως ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a the υποσύνολα ευρύτερων αναπτυξιακών παραδειγμάτων, great δηλαδή της βιώσιμης among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ανάπτυξης ήofτης ανθεκτικότητας. acquisition knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Από την άλληurban πλευρά, ο Sangiuliano υποστηρίζει λόγω 1 (and Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a (2018) first, if (in not final, approach, the της term gentrification) is the area ofότι Planning) (or gentrification 1 αύξησης του παγκόσμιου πληθυσμού, η isarea, σχετική οικονομική gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areaδραστηριότητα of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city the removal this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εκτείνεται με ένταση στο θαλάσσιο περιβάλλον. Ως εκ τούτου, η περιορισμένη ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and placement of artists, παρουσία των ανθρώπων στη θάλασσα δενtheέχει νόημα,there εφόσον οι the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other has,είναι results alsoπαρούσες rising of land prices (andστο theof οικονομικές τουςconsequences δραστηριότητες πολύ και αυξάνονται whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential θαλάσσιοrelative περιβάλλον και στο ευρύτερο γεωγραφικό πλαίσιο της θάλασσας potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found at first UK in earlyθα1960s and itνα refers to πουThe επηρεάζει την ποιότητα ζωής. Γιαininthe παράδειγμα, πρέπει δοθεί The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor ofto μεγαλύτερη προσοχήtrend στην ενσωμάτωση των to πολλαπλών χρήσεων στον ΘΧΣof the then observed wealthy sometimes people buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents are για την αντιμετώπιση ανταγωνιστικών τομεακών απαιτήσεων και London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsτη are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. μεγιστοποίηση της χωρικής αποδοτικότητας των θαλασσών. Μια τέτοια A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workΕίναι of Sociologist Ruth φιλοδοξία οδηγεί αναμφισβήτητα στοisακόλουθο ερώτημα: και GLASS at the same period, while similar situations inχρήσιμο other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, other Researchers. δυνατό να αναπτυχθεί μιαbyλογική εδαφικής συνοχής και κατά συνέπεια ένα cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Since then, the issue has several scholars its more είδος "θαλάσσιας συνοχής" για Researchers. τον θαλάσσιο χώρο, and με for έμφαση σε Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from συγκεκριμένες κλίμακες, όπως πολυπληθείς θαλάσσιοι γεωγραφικοί χώροι, comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: προικισμένοι με ιδιαίτερα κοινωνικο-οικολογικά και πολιτιστικά interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups χαρακτηριστικά όπως ορισμένα νησιωτικά αρχιπελάγη ή μικροί to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costsθαλάσσιοι in money χώροι όπως οι θαλάσσιοι κόλποι;toΕάν ναι, αυτή η "θαλάσσια συνοχή" θα and time to travel from the purlieus downtown, where work place is, lack of the πρέπει να θεωρείται ως υποσύνολο της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης ή της 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS was born sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for betterin Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ανθεκτικότητας θαλάσσιων κοινωνικοοικονομικών ή ως services of health,των education, entertainment “at the heart of συστημάτων the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. ξεχωριστή αρχή και στρατηγικός στόχος που θα ενσωματωθεί στα θαλάσσια studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, where in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and χωρικά σχέδια, εκφράζοντας οικονομικούς, περιβαλλοντικούς, κοινωνικούς University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying στόχους καιcharacterized στόχους χωρικής δικαιοσύνης, έτσιENGLISH τη βάση για ένα her work are by a passion for justice. Seeθέτοντας also: COLLINS DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. πολύπλευρης Wil. SONS Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: εργαλείο και AND αποτελεσματικής αξιολόγησης των σχεδίων; G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Για να προχωρήσουμε σε αυτή την ανάλυση, πρέπει να επιστρέψουμε με συντομία στις ρίζες της ιδέας της εδαφικής συνοχής και να την προσαρμόσουμε όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερο στις ιδιαιτερότητες του θαλάσσιου περιβάλλοντος. Η εδαφική συνοχή αφορά κυρίως την οικονομική By Mr. George-Sp. αποτελεσματικότητα και την χωρική δικαιοσύνηC. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, (Κυβέλου 2010). Η ιδέα της εδαφικής συνοχής μπορεί By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect να βρεθεί στον Rawls (1971), ο οποίος επεκτείνει την Student of the School of Architecture αρχή της ισοτιμίας στην αειφόρο ανάπτυξη ως Technical τη University of Crete βέλτιστη ισορροπία μεταξύ της οικονομίας 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (αποδοτικότητα), της κοινωνίας (ενδογενεακή 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, ancientDefining Greek ισοτιμία) και της the διατήρησης τουphilosopher, περιβάλλοντος ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other ισοτιμία). wise heritage he left us,αυτή he established a great the (διαγενεακή Προκειμένου η αρχή της among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ισοτιμίας/ισότητας στην βιώσιμη ανάπτυξηof the να content of concepts. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if not final, approach, the term εφαρμοστεί στονurban χώρο και ifστην 1 (and Based, therefore, onθαλάσσιο this “principle” inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 των εκμετάλλευση πόρων, ζήτημα της gentrification (and urban gentrification) isarea, indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as θαλάσσιων the “refining” of a cityτο the removal (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various «θαλάσσιας συνοχής» ως αρχής σχεδιασμού και ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually low-income and thethis placement of artists, πολιτικής στόχευσης οφείλει ναofτεθεί στην κατάλληλη the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever results also rising of land prices (and theof κλίμακα other (π.χ. consequences πανευρωπαϊκήhas,κλίμακα, θαλάσσια whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential λεκάνη, relative εθνική, τοπική, περιοχή χωροταξικής potential relative speculation). The term gentrification at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to διευθέτησης, κ.λπ.) καιis found να οριστεί πλαίσιο The term gentrification found atpeople first inτο the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor πολυεπίπεδης θαλάσσιας διακυβέρνησης που to διέπει the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people buy τη property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves there and thus old residents areof σχέση μεταξύ των διαφόρων επιπέδωνsometimes (Van Tatenhove London, upgrade them, stay themselves there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. 2015). Είναι επίσης σημαντικό να αναφερθούμε στον A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon is included in the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Hall (2005) η εδαφική GLASS at theπου sameυποστηρίζει period, whileότι similar situationsσυνοχή were in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities countries, by other Researchers. είναι in Western ουσιαστικά η προβολή μιας κοινωνικής cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several and for its more φιλοσοφίας σύμφωνα με την οποία το κράτος έχειscholars το Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from δικαίωμα και την υποχρέωση ναsummarized παρεμβαίνει comprehensive approach are being below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: προκειμένου να αποκαταστήσει τις κοινωνικές, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups οικονομικές και εδαφικές ανισότητες που to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money προκαλούνται από τη the λειτουργία αγοράς. Οwhere Faludiwork place is, lack of the and time to travel from purlieus της to downtown, (2004), με τη σειρά του, υποστηρίζει ότι η πολιτική 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: ιδέα πουofεισήγαγε την έννοια της εδαφικής συνοχής services health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where συνίσταται στην κρατική στήριξη για την παροχή studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and υπηρεσιών ακόμη και σε περιοχές όπου αυτές οι University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying υπηρεσίες από την See πλευρά της her work areθεωρούνται characterized ασύμφορες by a passion for justice. also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αγοράς. G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Συνεχίζεται…
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Απόψεις και αντιδράσεις της GENTRIFICATION Definition, Typesτων of εκπαιδευτικών Intervention, δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε σχέση με τη σεξουαλική Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns ofμαθητών/τριών Gentrification αγωγή των Concerns Της Δρος Αναστασίας ΜΕΛΙΤΖΑΝΗ Διευθύντριας Σχ. Μον. Β'/θμιας Εκπαίδευσης
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η συγκέντρωση πληροφοριών Student of the School of Architecture σχετικά με τις απόψεις και τις αντιδράσεις των εκπαιδευτικών που Technical University of Crete
υπηρετούν στα γυμνάσια του Ν. Έβρου, δεδομένα τα οποία καταγράφουν την υπάρχουσα πραγματικότητα γύρωtheαπό τη Σεξουαλική Αγωγή των 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 1. Introductoryαπό approach: Defining the concept μαθητών/τριών, οπτική των εκπαιδευτικών. ΤαAthens), τελικά ANTISTHENIS, the την ancient Greekγωνία philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, συμπεράσματα της έρευνας διαρθρώνονται σε πολλά επίπεδα και θίγουν ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the θέματα πλευρές της Σεξουαλικής όπως αυτή among τα other wiseφωτίζουν heritage leftthe us,definition he established a Αγωγής, greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofοποία knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. αποτυπώνεται μέσα από τις απόψεις και τις αντιδράσεις των εκπαιδευτικών. acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 πορίσματα Επιπλέον, που“principle” προέκυψαν ναthe αξιοποιηθούν για Based,τα therefore, on this inindicated aμπορούν first, if (in not final, approach, the την term (and urban gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) κατάρτιση εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων, την των gentrification indicated (in theεπιμόρφωση areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal from (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various εκπαιδευτικών και τη δημιουργία εκπαιδευτικού υλικού προσαρμοσμένου ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement of artists, στις ανάγκες και μαθητών, πάνω στο γνωστικό αντικείμενο the operation ofεκπαιδευτικών art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”,there regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless της Σεξουαλικής Αγωγής . whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has,αγωγή, results σεξουαλικότητα, also rising of landαγωγή prices (and the Λέξεις-κλειδιά: σεξουαλική υγείας, potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to επιμόρφωση εκπαιδευτικών. The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy people to buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof SUMMARY London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. The aim of the present research is the gathering of information with being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work Ruth reference to the opinions and the reactions of educators of of allSociologist high schools of A perfecture description ofperiod, thisthe phenomenon is situations included inwere the work ofThese Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded in other Evros about Sexual Education of the students. datamajor will GLASS atthe the same period, while situations recorded in other major cities in Western countries, othersimilar Researchers. illuminate aspects ofby Sexual Education as it were is impressed through the cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more opinions and the reactions of the educators. The conclusions of the research Since then, the issue has several below, scholars and for various its more comprehensive arepreoccupied being summarized from are articulated onapproach many levels and they touch on questions whichthe illuminate comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations the phenomenon the through following:the educators. the aspects of ofSexual Education of asgentrification, it is expressed interpretations of the phenomenon of thecategory following: social groups In a sense, duebe togentrification, a trend of new Further more,the thephenomenon facts drawniscan utilized forathe formationof of educational to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money programmes for the training of the educators and the creation of educational and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the material adapted to the needs of educators and students on the subject of 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Sexual Education. Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”,Educators (possibly)for YouthKey-words: Unemployment. The same year she left Germany Health and afterEducation, continuous movements Sexual Education, Sexuality, lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, training. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Το παρόν κείμενο αποτελεί τμήμα εκτενούς εργασίας της Συγγραφέως με συναφές G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually θέμα.
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Στόχοι και ερευνητικά ερωτήματα Στόχος της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση των απόψεων και αντιδράσεων των εκπαιδευτικών της Β/θμιας εκπαίδευσης του νομού Έβρου για τη σεξουαλική αγωγή των μαθητών/τριών, στο σχολείο. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η παρούσα έρευνα επικεντρώθηκε όχι μόνο στις απόψεις των εκπαιδευτικών αλλά και στους κυριότερους οι οποίοι By Mr. George-Sp. παράγοντες C. ATHANASOPOULOS συμβάλλουν στη διαμόρφωση των απόψεων και αντιδράσεων τους. Στην Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Byοποία Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS περιοχή της Θράκης, περιοχή στην πραγματοποιήθηκε η παρούσα Architect Student of the School Architecture έρευνα, υπάρχει το φαινόμενο της πολυπολιτισμικότητας, μεofέντονο το Technical University of Crete στοιχείο και της μουσουλμανικής μειονότητας. Η μουσουλμανική μειονότητα της Θράκης, ωςDefining ένα σημείο ανομοιογενές εθνοφυλετικό και 1. Introductory approach: the concept εθνογλωσσικό σύνολο, μας παρέχει τη δυνατότητα της διαπολιτισμικής 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), συγκριτικής. Όπως είναι φυσικό, κοινωνική πραγματικότητα σε μια ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us,ηhe established a great the τέτοια αγροτική-παραδοσιακή κοινωνία, εξελίσσεται συχνά με αργούς among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the ρυθμούς οι θεσμοί μπορούν ναindefinition παραμείνουν σταθεροποιημένοι και acquisition of knowledge starts with the the content of concepts. Based, όπου therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 αναλλοίωτοι για χρονικά διαστήματα. λόγο αυτό κρίνεται Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, ifΓια notτο final, approach, the term (andμεγάλα urban gentrification) is (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification σκόπιμη ηasαναφορά στα ιδιαίτερα της μειονότητας αυτής. Sociology well), as the “refining” of aχαρακτηριστικά city area, the removal from this, (in various as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ΗSociology μουσουλμανική μειονότητα Θράκης, ένα ανομοιογενές εθνοφυλετικό ways), of social groups, usually ofτης low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of καιoperation εθνογλωσσικό σύνολο, αφού etc. αρχικά μεταξύ των μελών της the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences rising of land prices (and theof διαμορφώθηκε η ψυχολογία has, της results κοινής also και αλληλοεξαρτώμενης μοίρας, whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, also rising «συμπαγές» of land prices σύνολο (and the potential relative στη συνέχεια μετεξελίχθηκε σε results ένα ιδιότυπο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found first in the UK in earlyπραγματικότητα 1960s and it refersσε to θρησκογενούς υφής. Όπως είναιatφυσικό, η κοινωνική The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μια αγροτική-παραδοσιακή μεinπολύ αργούς theτέτοια then observed trend of wealthyκοινωνία, people to εξελίσσεται buy property poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof ρυθμούς όπου οι θεσμοί παραμένουν σταθεροί αναλλοίωτοι για London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there και and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. μεγάλο χρονικό “squeezed”. διάστημα. being indirectly A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major Η σεξουαλική αγωγή στην Ευρώπη σήμερα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Στην Ευρώπη, έχουν δημιουργηθεί διάφορα μοντέλα cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and σεξουαλικής for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and forήταν its more αγωγής. Οι χώρες που πρώτες ασχολήθηκαν μεbelow, το θέμα αυτό οι comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various σκανδιναβικές,ofμε τηofΣουηδία. Στην the Ελλάδα, περίπου πενήντα interpretations theπρωτοπόρο phenomenon gentrification, following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: χρόνια πριν,the ο of Ευάγγελος Παπανούτσος, Γραμματέας τότε του In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend Γενικός of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money Υπουργείου Παιδείας, σε the συνέντευξή του σε ευρείας κυκλοφορίας and time to travel from the purlieus placeσεξουαλικής is, lack of the ημερήσια εφημερίδα, δήλωνεto downtown, ότι το where θέμαworkτης 1.of The termat comes from είχε Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for διαπαιδαγώγησης, δεν τεθεί επίσημα μέχρι τότε και search συγκεκριμένα, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of υπάρχουν health, education, entertainment “atπρόγραμμα, the heart of the city”,movements (possibly) πως σχέδια, δεν υπάρχει όμως ηfor Youthδεν Unemployment. The same year sheυπάρχει left Germany and after continuous lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back London, βεβαιότητα πως το ζήτημα θα απασχολήσει σύντομα και τοtoΥπουργείο in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Παιδείας. Σήμερα, μετά where από she πενήντα χρόνια, κληθεί σημερινός University informal College of London, continued her socialαν research. Her ο public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, brokers ofaction buying her work areτου characterized a passion for justice. Seeγίνει also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. αρμόδιος ΥΠΕΠΘbyνα μας πει τι έχει στον τομέα της Σ.Α., η and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: απάντησή του θα είναι πάλι, φραστικές διακηρύξεις για την αναγκαιότητα G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually της άμεσης εισαγωγής του θεσμού στα σχολεία και αόριστες
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
διαβεβαιώσεις για σχέδια που εκπονούνται και που σύντομα θα εφαρμοστούν. Το σημερινό εκπαιδευτικό σύστημα προετοιμάζει τους μαθητές κυρίως για την επαγγελματική αποκατάσταση, ενώ ταυτόχρονα αδιαφορεί συνήθως για τις ανθρώπινες σχέσεις, τη συναισθηματική ωρίμανση και γενικά για την ολοκλήρωση της προσωπικότητας του μαθητή/τριας, με αποτέλεσμα By ναMr.υπάρχει κίνδυνος η σεξουαλική George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS διαπαιδαγώγηση στο σχολείο περιθωριοποιηθεί, όπωςofέγινε καιStudent, με τον Harvardνα University, Graduate School Design, By Mr.δευτερεύον, George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS ΣΕΠ, και να καταντήσει ένα ανιαρό ενδεχομένως μάθημα Architect of the School of Architecture ανθρωπολογίας ή βιολογίας, με σκοπό Student την απομνημόνευση άγονων Technical University of Crete πληροφοριών ή θεωρητικών κανόνων. Να καταλήξει σε ομαδική και απρόσωπη ενημέρωση που ποτέ δεν θα μπορέσει να λειτουργήσει σε 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept επίπεδο διαπροσωπικής σχέσης, ώστε να γίνει σωστή και αποτελεσματική 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, εξατομικευμένη διαδικασία συμβουλής και καθοδήγησης κάθε ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC,παιδιού Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the χωριστά, ως μοναδικής και ανεπανάληπτης προσωπικότητας among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the (Κρουσταλάκης, 1995). acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, notthe final, approach, the Το Μάιο τουurban 1989 ανακοινώθηκε από το ifΥπουργείο Παιδείας ότιterm θα (and gentrification) (in area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification αρχίσει πειραματικά διδασκαλία τουarea, μαθήματος τηςfrom Σ.Α.this, σε (in ορισμένα Sociology as well), as theη“refining” of a city the removal various Sociology asχώρας. well), asΩστόσο, the “refining” of a city area, the this, of (in various ways), ofτης social groups, usually low-income and theremoval placement there artists, λύκεια ηofπροσπάθεια αυτή έως καιfrom σήμερα δεν έχει ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operationκαι of artηgalleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of γενικευθεί Σ.Α. έχει τη μορφή εξωδιδακτικής δραστηριότητας, the operation ofconsequences art galleries, restaurants, etc. However regardless whatever other has, results also risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof παρόλο που οι κυήσεις στην εφηβεία στο διάστημα 19751989 είχαν whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative σχεδόν διπλασιαστεί (Κρεατσάς, 1989) και οι έρευνες καταδεικνύουν ότι potential relative speculation). The term gentrification found at first in the UK in early 1960s it refers to στον ελλαδικό χώρο isυπάρχει έντονα η ανάγκη για and σεξουαλική The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refers to the then observed trend of to buy property in poor διαπαιδαγώγηση των νέων. wealthy people to buy property in poor areasofof the then observed trend London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Πίνακας 1. Η σεξουαλική αγωγή σε μια σειρά από χώρες being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at και the same while similar in other major Αποδοχή κάλυψη Χώρες GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Υποχρεωτική όλα τα σχολεία Δανία,several Σουηδία, Γερμανία, Τσεχία, Since then,σεthe issue has scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied beingΣλοβακία summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: Αποδεκτή και καλυμμένη Πολωνία, Γαλλία, Ελβετία, Ιταλία, interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups νομοθετικά Βουλγαρία to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time toαποδεκτή, travel from αλλά the purlieus where work place is, lack Κάτω of the Επίσημα χωρίςto downtown, Μεγάλη Βρετανία, ΕΣΣΔ (πρώην), 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, ειδικούς νόμους Χώρες Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for Όχι απαγόρευση, αλλά πρακτικά Ελλάδα, Τουρκία lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, ανυπόστατη in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Στα real εγχειρίδια πουfor έχουν γραφτεί μέχρι σήμερα, τοof περιεχόμενο και and selling estate, etc., theCodepreciation initially of part the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: το επίπεδο του μαθήματος καθορίζεται από την ηλικία και το μορφωτικό G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
επίπεδο των ατόμων, στα οποία απευθύνεται. Αυτά τα εγχειρίδια έχουν χρησιμοποιήσει οι εκπαιδευτικοί που έχουν ασχοληθεί με το θέμα της Σ.Α. στο σχολείο και με βάση αυτά τα εγχειρίδια έχουν διαμορφώσει τις απόψεις τους σχετικά με το περιεχόμενο της διδασκαλίας της Σ.Α. στο σχολείο.
Πίνακας 2. Σχολική βαθμίδα από οποία αρχίζει να διδάσκεται η By την Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS σεξουαλική Harvard αγωγή σε διάφορες ευρωπαϊκές University, Graduate Schoolχώρες of Design, Student, Σχολική βαθμίδα
164
Χώρες
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
Νηπιαγωγείο Δανία, Γερμανία, Σουηδία, Μεγάλη Βρετανία 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Δημοτικό σχολείο Δανία, Γερμανία, Σουηδία, Μεγάλη Βρετανία 1. Introductory approach: the concept ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established aΠολωνία great the Γυμνάσιο Γαλλία, Ιταλία, Βουλγαρία, among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Μεθοδολογία Έρευνας Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Για as τιςwell), ανάγκες παρούσας έρευνας ακολουθήθηκε η τεχνική της Sociology as theτης “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), the “refining” of a city area, this, of (inartists, various δημοσκόπησης. Τοasερευνητικό ήταν ένα ειδικά from κατασκευασμένο ways), of social groups, usually of εργαλείο low-income andthe theremoval placement there ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of ερωτηματολόγιο. Επίσης, πραγματοποιήθηκαν ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherτης consequences has, results also rising pricesήταν (and the με στελέχη εκπαίδευσης. Υποκείμενα τηςof land έρευνας οιof whatever otherτων consequences also rising of prices (and the potential relative speculation). εκπαιδευτικοί γυμνασίωνhas, τουresults Νομού Έβρου. Τοland ερωτηματολόγιο potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at ήταν first inδομημένο the UK in σε early 1960s and it refers to αποτελείτο από 94 ερωτήσεις και δύο μέρη. Στο πρώτο The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor μέρος συνελέγησαν δεδομένα για τις ανεξάρτητες μεταβλητές και στο the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thusτης old residents areof δεύτερο μέρος, δεδομένα τις εξαρτημένες έρευνας. London, upgrade them, stayγια themselves sometimesμεταβλητές there and thus old residentsΤο are being indirectly “squeezed”. πρώτο μέρος περιελάμβανε τις μεταβλητές: φύλο, ηλικία, πολιτισμική και being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth κοινωνική προέλευση, οικογενειακή κατάσταση, παιδιών, A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work φύλο of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major εκπαιδευτική εμπειρία, ειδικότητα, θρησκευτική ταυτότητα, βαθμός GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. θρησκευτικότητας, επίπεδο σπουδών, επιμόρφωση στηforΣ.Α. και cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more διδασκαλία Σ.Α., συμμετοχή σε προγράμματα Αγωγής Υγείας. Το δεύτερο comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various comprehensive approach are being summarized the various μέρος περιελάμβανε μεταβλητές σχετικά the μεbelow, τις from απόψεις των interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, following: interpretations the of thecategory following: εκπαιδευτικών για τηphenomenon Σ.Α. των μαθητών/τριών καθώς και τις In a sense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new ofεξαρτημένες social groups μεταβλητές με τις αντιδράσεις των εκπαιδευτικών για τη in Σ.Α. των to “return” toσχετικά the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs money and time to travel from to downtown, work placeτης is, lack of the μαθητών/τριών. Γιαthe τιςpurlieus απαντήσεις των where υποκειμένων έρευνας 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for was born in sense safety theκυρίως distributed residencies outside town centres, search better χρησιμοποιήθηκε κλίμακα τύπου Likert, δηλαδή κλίμακα άνισων Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) διαστημάτων. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Ευρήματα University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying Ως are προς την οικογενειακή συμμετεχόντων, βρέθηκε her work characterized by a passion κατάσταση for justice. See των also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: από τους 250 εκπαιδευτικούς, ότι 178 ήταν έγγαμοι, 60 άγαμοι και 11 G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
χήροι/διαζευγμένοι. Από αυτούς, 95 ήταν άτεκνοι, 62 είχαν αγόρια και
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
κορίτσια, 53 μόνο αγόρια και 40 μόνο κορίτσια (155 ήταν γονείς, δηλ. το 63,5%) Ο μέσος όρος της ηλικίας των εκπαιδευτικών υπολογίστηκε στα 40 έτη και η τυπική απόκλιση στα 8,26 έτη. Η μικρότερη ηλικία βρέθηκε 22 έτη, ενώ η μεγαλύτερη 63 έτη. Ως προς το θρήσκευμα, 236 (94,4%) ήταν Χριστιανοί Ορθόδοξοι, 2 Χριστιανοί Καθολικοί, 2 Χριστιανοί Προτεστάντες, 1 Μωαμεθανός, 3 κάποιο άλλο θρήσκευμα, ενώ 5 δεν απάντησαν. Ως προς τα χρόνια υπηρεσίας, ο μέσος όρος υπολογίστηκε στα By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 11 έτη και η τυπική απόκλιση 9 έτη. Graduate Η μικρότερη τιμή βρέθηκε στο 1 Harvardστα University, School of Design, Student, George-Sp. C. των ATHANASSOPOULOS έτος και η μεγαλύτερη στα 34 έτη.By ΩςMr. προς τον κλάδο εκπαιδευτικών, Architect Student of the School of(9,2%) Architecture 85 (34%) ανέφεραν ότι ήταν φιλόλογοι, ενώ 23 εκπαιδευτικοί δεν Technical University of Crete ανέφεραν την ειδικότητά τους. Από τους 150 εκπαιδευτικούς, 48 concept διέμεναν μέχρι την ηλικία των 12 1. Introductory approach: Defining the σε ANTISTHENIS, κάποιο μεγάλο αστικό κέντρο, 59 σε κάποιο αστικό κέντρο, 78 σε 1. Introductory approach: the concept the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), κωμόπολη 58heritage σεtheχωριό. εννέα ερωτώμενοι από ANTISTHENIS, ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BCκατάγονταν -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among otherκαι wise he Εξήντα left us, he established a great the αγροτική οικογένεια, 50 από εργατική οικογένεια και 128 από αγροτική among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the οικογένεια. δύοwithτοις των ερωτώμενων acquisition ofΕβδομήντα knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” aεκατό first, if of not final, approach, theήταν term 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, 4if (in not final, approach, term παντρεμένοι, 24% ανύπαντροι καιis μόνο %the δήλωσαν ότιtheείναι (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification διαζευγμένοι. Εκατόν εξήνταof aπέντε ότι Sociology as well), as the “refining” city area,εκπαιδευτικοί the removal fromδήλωσαν this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city fromενώ this,μόνο (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement there of εκκλησιάζονται «πάντα», «τακτικά» ή area, «μερικές φορές», 85 ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation ofδήλωσαν art galleries, etc. However this “change”, regardless of εκπαιδευτικοί ότιrestaurants, εκκλησιάζονται «σπάνια» ή και «ποτέ». the operation ofconsequences artτηgalleries, restaurants, etc.also However “change”, regardless whatever has,εκπαίδευσης results rising ofοποία land prices (and the Ως other προς βαθμίδα τηνthis θεωρούν οιof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative εκπαιδευτικοί ως την πλέον κατάλληλη για την διδασκαλία της potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at firstηinπλειονότητα the UK in early 1960s and it refers to σεξουαλικής αγωγής στα σχολεία, των εκπαιδευτικών The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor απάντησε ότι καταλληλότερη το γυμνάσιο (150of the then observed trend wealthyβαθμίδα people to είναι buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are προτιμήσεις) και them, το δημοτικό σχολείο (79 προτιμήσεις), Τοold νηπιαγωγείο London, upgrade stay themselves sometimes there and thus residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. και το indirectly λύκειο συγκέντρωσαν 24 και 29 προτιμήσεις αντιστοίχως. Φαίνεται being “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth ότι οι θεωρούν γιαofτην A εκπαιδευτικοί description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included περίοδο inwere the recorded work Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same whileκαταλληλότερη similar inσεξουαλική other major αγωγή την περίοδο της εφηβείας και προεφηβείας. Εκατόν εβδομήντα GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other ότι Researchers. τέσσερις εκπαιδευτικοί μία several ως δύο scholars ώρες εβδομαδιαίως είναι Since then, the issue δήλωσαν has and for its more Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its επαρκείς για τη διδασκαλία της summarized σεξουαλικής below, αγωγής, για more 24 comprehensive approach are being fromενώ the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various εκπαιδευτικούς της σεξουαλικής αγωγής πρέπει να είναι τρεις με interpretations of οι theώρες phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueαυτά, togentrification, a trend of a new of social τέσσερις εβδομαδιαίως. Παρόλα για τους εκπαιδευτικούς δενgroups είναι to the city, leaving purlieus for several high costs in money το“return” σχολείοtoπου παίζει τονthe κυριότερο ρόλο στηreasons: σεξουαλική διαφώτιση, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of(80 the αλλά κυρίως οι «ειδικοί» (117 προτιμήσεις). Ακολουθεί η οικογένεια 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, προτιμήσεις) και τέλος το σχολείο (44 προτιμήσεις). Τα Μέσα Μαζικής Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Ενημέρωσης ελάχιστη συνεισφορά πρέπει έχουν κατά τουςfor Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and να after continuous movements lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc. studies and researchστην in Geneva, Prague,στη London and New York she came back to London, where συμμετέχοντες έρευνα σεξουαλική διαπαιδαγώγηση των in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and παιδιών. University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Συνεχίζεται… G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Ο Καμβάς Επιχειρηματικού Μοντέλου GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, και η σύγχρονη Επιχειρηματικότητα Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification Του κ. Δημ. ΚΟΛΛΙΑ Concerns Φοιτ. Παντείου Πανεπιστημίου
Κοιν. και Πολ. Επιστ.
By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Πρακτικές εφαρμογές του Καμβά, άλλες προσεγγίσεις Student of the School of Architecture Ο Καμβάς Επιχειρηματικού Μοντέλου (στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία ως Technical of Crete Business Model Canvas) αποτελεί ένα μοντέλο το οποίο δεν University έχει τις βάσεις
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του1.σε πλήρως μετρημένα συγκεκριμενοποιημένα (specific) Introductory approach:(measured) Defining theκαι concept στοιχεία, γεγονότα και δεδομένα, στα πλαίσια της αβεβαιότητας που 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, BC - 370 BC, Athens), χαρακτηρίζει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο αναπτύσσεται μία- 370 τέτοιου είδους ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, (444 BC BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the επιχείρηση among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of. knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the Ωστόσο, δεν είναι λίγες οιwith περιπτώσεις οποίες μετά την εμφάνιση acquisition of knowledge starts theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first,στις if of not final, approach, the term του εν λόγω μοντέλου ξεκίνησαν οι ενδιαφερόμενοι, στην αρχή με ιδιαίτερη 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban επιφυλακτικότητα, να “refining” εφαρμόζουν μέρος ή Planning) ακόμα και gentrification gentrification) indicated (inμοντέλου thefrom areathis, of (or Sociology as well), as the of a ένα cityisarea, theτου removal (in various ολόκληρο το μοντέλο, συμβάλλοντας μάλιστα και στην ανάπτυξή του σε πιο Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, αναλυτικές και ολιστικές μορφές και προσεγγίσεις. Αυτό there φυσικά δεν ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless περιορίστηκε στον ιδιωτικό τομέα, αλλά επιχειρήθηκε να εφαρμοστεί και στο whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherαν consequences has, results also rising of land prices the δημόσιο τομέα και εκεί οι δυσκολίες οι οποίες συναντώνται όσον (and αφορά potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). τηνThe ευελιξία που χαρακτηρίζει το μοντέλο μεγάλες. term gentrification is found at first inείναι the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found first in the UKκράτος in early 1960s and itareas refers Άλλωστε, ο δημόσιος τομέαςatpeople ποικίλει σεinκράτος και σε the then observed trend ofiswealthy toαπό buy property poor ofto the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas γενικές γραμμές χαρακτηρίζεται απόsometimes μία σημαντική δυσκολία στην άμεση London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are υιοθέτηση και διαχείριση των αλλαγών, πόσο μάλλον αν αναλογιστεί κανείς being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. το A γραφειοκρατικό (bureaucratie) κατά κόρον description of this phenomenon- is«βεμπεριανό» included in theμοντέλο work ofπου Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this ήπειρο phenomenon is situations included the recorded workστους of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while και similar in νόμους, other major διέπει την ευρωπαϊκή έχει ισχυράinwere θεμέλια τις GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western other Researchers. εγκυκλίους, τηνcountries, αυστηρή by ιεραρχική διοικητική διάρθρωση και τη λήψη των cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then,από the issueκορυφή has several scholars and its more αποφάσεων την προς τη βάση (top-down) τηςfor ιεραρχικής Since then, the issue has preoccupied several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized from πυραμίδας1. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations theμελέτης phenomenon of thecategory following: In aΗsense, theof phenomenon is due togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups περίπτωση της Ryanair to “return” to the είναι city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons:χαμηλού high costs in money H Ryanair μια ιρλανδική αεροπορική εταιρεία κόστους, η and time to travelτο from theκαι purlieus to στο downtown, work placeτης is, lack of the οποία ιδρύθηκε 1984 εδρεύει Swordswhere του Δουβλίνου Ιρλανδίας 1.of The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, Ruth search wasbetter born in sense safety theβάσεις distributed outside town centres, for με επιχειρησιακές στο residencies αεροδρόμιο του 1912-1940. Δουβλίνου και GLASS το αεροδρόμιο Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services ofτου health, education, entertainment “atήταν the heart of the city”,movements (possibly)for Stansted Λονδίνου. Το 2016, η left Ryanair μεγαλύτερη Youth Unemployment. The same year she Germany andηafter continuous ευρωπαϊκή lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access to markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came back to London, αεροπορική εταιρεία σχεδιάζοντας τακτικές αεροπορικές πτήσεις in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of of the urban web, in Το Wil. παρόν αποτελεί τμήμα εκτενούς εργασίας τουpart Συγγραφέα. 10th edit. SONS AND Ltd.συναφούς London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 1 Κτιστάκη Στ., Εισαγωγή στη Διοικητική Επιστήμη, Αθήνα 2009, σελ. 62, Εκδόσεις G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Παπαζήση,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
αποκτώντας περισσότερους διεθνείς επιβάτες από οποιαδήποτε άλλη αεροπορική εταιρεία. Όμως η πορεία της δεν ήταν πάντοτε θετική. Η νέα στρατηγική που επέλεξε βάσει της οργάνωσης και του τρόπου δημιουργίας και καταγραφής της αξίας των ενδιαφερομένων μερών αποτέλεσαν τον ακρογωνιαίο λίθο του νέου επιχειρηματικού μοντέλου της. Σήμερα η Ryanair αποτελεί μία από τις πλέον επιτυχημένες αεροπορικές εταιρίες στο χώρο των Low-Cost εταιριών αερομεταφορών με πάνω από By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS 13.000 υπαλλήλους. Σε αυτό συνέβαλε η υιοθέτηση ενός νέου μοντέλου Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, μείωσης του κόστους με στόχο ναBy καλύψει την ανάγκη των επιβατών για Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect οικονομικότερα αεροπορικά εισιτήρια, τοStudent οποίοof the βοήθησε στην ολική School of Architecture αναδιάρθρωση των επιχειρησιακών δραστηριοτήτων τηςUniversity εταιρίας. Αν Technical of Crete κάποιος, λοιπόν, ρίξει μία ματιά στον τρόπο που η εταιρία αυτή διαχειρίζεται 1. Introductory Defining concept τους πόρους, τουςapproach: εργαζομένους και the τους συνεργάτες της στα πλαίσια του 1. Introductory approach: Defining the στρατηγικού της σχεδιασμού θαGreek έβλεπε το concept εξής μοντέλο: ANTISTHENIS, the ancient philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups Πίνακας 1. Ιδιότυπο Business Model Canvas της Ryanair. to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the Το φαινομενικά αυτό περίπλοκο δυσνόητο The termat comes from Sociologist Ruthκαι GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthχρησιμοποιείται GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.of safety the distributed residencies outside townμοντέλο centres, search Berlin, where she made herμορφή first studies. In 1932 sheModel published an important study entitled: ως μία προσαρμοσμένη του Business Canvas και εδράζεται στα services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for εξής βασικά χαρακτηριστικά: lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, • Χαμηλό εισιτηρίων. in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the toκόστος another approach, the is due a systematic and University College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and • Χρήση μικρών περιφερειακών αεροδρομίων. long-term informal effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. • Λιγότερες ακυρώσεις/καθυστερήσεις δρομολογίων. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm • Λιγότερες απώλειες αποσκευών. a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification ξυστό). Concerns • Διαπραγμάτευση με αρχές για επίτευξη προνομίων.
• Χαμηλό λειτουργικό κόστος. • Internet booking system, μέσω του website της εταιρίας. • Υψηλό ποσοστό παράλληλων εσόδων (φαγητό, αναψυκτικά, tax free,
• Εξτρά χρεώσεις για catering, μεταφορά από και προς πόλεις. • Μη συνδικαλισμένο εργατικό δυναμικό. By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS • Ομοιόμορφος στόλος Boeing 737. Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, To Business Model CanvasByεπέτρεψε μία C. περισσότερο ολιστική Mr. George-Sp. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect θεώρηση του επιχειρηματικού μοντέλου της Student Ryanairofμεthe γνώμονα τις ανάγκες School of Architecture του πελατειακού κοινού. Αυτό που αποδεικνύει την επιτυχίαUniversity του μοντέλου Technical of Crete
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δεν είναι απλώς η απήχηση που έχει η εταιρία στο εξωτερικό της περιβάλλον. 1. Introductory approach: Defining theτηconcept Ακόμη πιο σημαντικό είναι να στηρίζει βιωσιμότητα των επιχειρησιακών 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept (444 BC -κύκλων δραστηριοτήτων τηςthe εταιρίας ANTISTHENIS, ancientβάσει Greekανατροφοδοτούμενων philosopher, 370 BC,(virtuous Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370χαμηλότερο BC, Athens), among other wiseπερίπτωση heritage heτης left us, he established a great the cycles) που στην Ryanair έχουν ως (444 αποτέλεσμα among που other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: the acquisition ofεπιτρέπει knowledge startshe with the content concepts. κόστος, ακόμη χαμηλότερες τιμές,ofπου αυξάνουν τις πωλήσεις acquisition ofτης knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. 2 “principle” Based, therefore, on this a first, if of not final, approach, the term και τα κέρδη εταιρίας. 1 (and urban Based, therefore, onείναι this “principle” inindicated a first, ifμοντέλο notthe final, approach, the στη term gentrification) is (in area ofεπιτρέπει Planning) (or gentrification Το αποτέλεσμα ένα επιχειρηματικό που 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Ryanair να προσφέρει ένα αξιοπρεπές επίπεδο εξυπηρέτησης με χαμηλό Sociology as well), as the “refining” ofπροθυμία a city area, the removal from this, of (inartists, various ways), ofχωρίς social groups, usually low-income and the placement there κόστος να μειώσει ριζικάofτην των πελατών να πληρώσουν τα ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, However this “change”, regardless of εισιτήριά τους. Ταυτόχρονα, όμως, δενetc. παρουσιάζει μειωμένα έσοδα, καθώς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the χρεώσεις για παροχές όπως επιβίβαση με βαρύτερες αποσκευές, αγορές κατάof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative τη διάρκεια της πτήσης και σχετικά κόστη δεν περιλαμβάνονται στην τιμή potential relative speculation). term gentrification is found first in the UK in earlyαπό 1960s and it refersτης to τουThe εισιτηρίου. Ως συνέπεια των atπαραπάνω επιλογών την πλευρά The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor εταιρίας δημιουργήθηκαν εναρμονισμένοι κύκλοι οι οποίοι ενισχύουν the then observed trend wealthy people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof συνεχώς το επιχειρηματικό μοντέλο. sometimes Καθώς οι κύκλοι «περιστρέφονται», London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residentsτα are being indirectly “squeezed”. αποθέματα των“squeezed”. βασικών περιουσιακών στοιχείων (ή των πόρων) της being indirectly A description of this phenomenon included in the work of Sociologist Ruth εταιρείας αυξάνονται, ενισχύονταςisisτο ανταγωνιστικό της A description ofperiod, this phenomenon included inwere the recorded workπλεονέκτημα of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar situations in other major επιχείρησης. GLASS at the same period, situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, bywhile othersimilar Researchers. Οι βασικοί countries, ανατροφοδοτούμενοι κύκλοι της Ryanair διακρίνονται σε cities in Western by other Researchers. Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more τρειςSince σχέσεις αλληλοεπίδρασης και παρουσιάζουν δύο σημαντικά στοιχείο ως then, the issue has several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized below, from αφετηρία και ως αποτέλεσμα ή επιδιωκόμενο στόχο. Από τη from μία κάθε κύκλος comprehensive approach are being summarized below, the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: ξεκινά από το χαμηλό και άκρως ανταγωνιστικό κόστος αεροπορικών interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups εισιτηρίων που παρέχει. Στο τέλος κάθε σχέσης, ο ίδιος στόχος to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs inγίνεται money σκοπός, καθώς να ακολουθηθεί έχει place ή επιδιώκεται να and time to travelκάθε from διαδικασία the purlieus και to downtown, where work is, lack of the έχει 1.ως αποτέλεσμα τηνSociologist ακόμα μεγαλύτερη μείωση των τιμών εισιτηρίου. termat comes from Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, search for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: Έτσι, καταλήγουμε στους εξής τρεις κύκλους: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 2 Παξιμάδης and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in Δημήτρης, Καμβάς Επιχειρηματικού Μοντέλου (Business Model Canvas)10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: Παράδειγμα σύγκρισης δύο εκ διαμέτρου αντίθετων Επιχειρηματικών Μοντέλων, Κέντρο G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Εθελοντών Μάνατζερ Ελλάδος (Κ.Ε.Μ.ΕΛ.), Αθήνα, Οκτώβριος, 2014.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof Πίνακας 2: Τρεις βασικοί ανατροφοδοτούμενοι Ryanair. whatever other consequences has, results also κύκλοι rising της of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Παρά τα οφέλη που στηinλειτουργία της 1960s επιχείρησης μέσω The term gentrification found atpeople first the UK in early and itareas refers the then observed trend ofisεπιφέρουν wealthy to buy property in poor ofto της αύξησης των εσόδων που προσφέρουν, δεν είναι λίγες οι περιπτώσεις the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof στις οποίες οι“squeezed”. κύκλοι φτάνουν σε sometimes ένα όριο και κύκλους London, upgrade them, stay themselves thereενεργοποιούν and thus old residents are being indirectly αντιστάθμισης ή επιβραδύνουν λόγω των αλληλεπιδράσεων τους με άλλα being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth επιχειρηματικά μοντέλα. Για παράδειγμα, ένας από τους κύκλους Ryanair A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar recorded inτης other major θα μπορούσε να γίνει επιζήμιος εάν ανταγωνιστικές εταιρίες έρχονται να GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. μειώσουν το κόστος ανά εισιτήριο συμπεριλαμβανομένου του κόστους των Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andαεροπλάνων for various its more αποσκευών, αλλά σε συνδυασμό καλύτερες καμπίνες comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being με summarized from the comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various ποικίλων μορφών. Αυτό θα είχε ωςofαποτέλεσμα τηthe μείωση των επιβατών που interpretations of the phenomenon gentrification, following: interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: επιλέγουν τηνthe εταιρία εξαιτίαςisτων πακέτων των ανταγωνιστών In a sense, phenomenon dueof togentrification, a trend προσφορών of a new of social groups της. Αυτό θέτει μεγαλύτερη δυσκολία στη μεταβολή της costs τιμήςinη money οποία to “return” to theακόμα city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high είναι ήδη μειωμένη. Έτσι, δεδομένου ότι η επένδυση της Ryanair στον στόλο and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in της 1. αναλαμβάνει ένα πολύ υψηλό ποσοστό χρησιμοποίησης, η αλλαγή αυτή sense ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, for Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: στο εξωτερικό περιβάλλον θαentertainment έχει μεγάλη επίδραση στηνofκερδοφορία της.3 services of health, education, “at the heart the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Συνεχίζεται… University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: 3 Casadesus-Masanell Ramon, Ricart Joan E., How to Design a Winning Business Model, G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually Harvard Business Review, January-February 2011 ISSUE.
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
και ός, να ους ξει ην
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
Γ., κή ξη.
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κά ην να,
το τα και να,
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Student of the School of Architecture Technical University of Crete
1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with theindefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Since then, the issue has several below, scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach arepreoccupied being summarized from comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, a trend of a new of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense1.ofThe safety the distributed residencies outside town centres, Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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EΠIΘEΩPHΣH AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ REVUE DE DECENTRALISATION, ADMINISTRATION Definition, Types ofD’intervention, Concerns of Gentrification LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL Concerns LOCAL REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION,
GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT * By Mr. George-Sp. Tριµηνιαία Eπιστηµ�νική Έκδ�σηC. ATHANASOPOULOS Harvardscientifique University,trimestrielle Graduate School of Design, Student, Edition Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS QuartelyBy scientific review Architect Student of the School of Architecture * Έτος ιρδύσεως έκδοσης1995 Α΄ τεύχους μ.Χ. University of Crete Technical Έτ�ςκαι ιδρύσεως µ.X. 1995 * 1. Introductory approach: Defining concept 98 2019 Numb.the Tεύ��ς / Numéro / Issue 68 // 2012 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept Απρίλι�ς, Μάϊ�ς, Ι�ύνι�ς 2012 Δεκέμβριος 2019 ANTISTHENIS, Οκτώβριος, the ancient Νοέμβριος, Greek philosopher, (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, *he established(444 a great the Kωδικ�ς: 014297 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the acquisition of knowledge starts with the*indefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term 1 (and urban / Propriétaire / Owner Based, therefore, on Iδι�κτήτης this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification
1 (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or gentrification Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various KENTPO EΠIMOPΦΩΣHΣ MEΛETΩN EPEYNAΣ KAI ANAΠTY�HΣ Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually and theremoval placement Aστική of µη low-income κερδ�σκ�πική Eταιρεία ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever otherDE consequences has, results alsoDE rising of land prices (and theof CENTRE FORMATION DES ETUDES RECHERCHE ET DU whatever otherspeculation). consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the DEVELOPPEMENT potential relative Société sans potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is foundcivile at first inbut thelucratif UK in early 1960s and it refers to The term gentrification iswealthy found atpeople first in the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend of to buy property in poor CENTER OFtrend EDUCATION RESEARCH the then observed of wealthy people toAND buy DEVELOPMENT property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stayCivil themselves sometimes there and thus old residents areof not lucrative Association London, upgrade them, stay themselves*sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectlyYπεύθυν�ς “squeezed”. κατά τ�ν ν�µ�, Eκδ�τηςin /Editeur/Editor A description of this phenomenon is included the work of Sociologist Ruth A description of this phenomenon isAΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE. GLASS at the same period, while similar situations in other major Prof. Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. * cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more Eπιστηµ�νικ�ς Yπεύθυν�ς: Kαθηγητής Kωνστ. ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars andthe for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from Responsable Scientifique: Professeur Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofResponsible: the phenomenon of gentrification, the following: Scientific Professor Const. GE. ATHANASSOPOULOS interpretations the phenomenon thecategory following: *a trend of a new In a sense, theof phenomenon is dueof togentrification, of social groups Σύµ��υλ�ς Έκδ�σης to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: high costs in money EΛΛHNIKO KENTPO AΠOKENTPΩΣHΣ, and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the TOΠIKHΣ AYTO∆IOIKHΣHΣ KAI ΠEPIΦEPEIAKHΣ ANAΠTY�HΣ 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributedConseiller residencies outside town centres, d’ édition Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) CENTER HELLENIQUE DEGermany DECENTRALISATION, Youth Unemployment. The same year she left and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car easier access markets, etc.where D’ ADMINISTRATION LOCALE ET DE DEVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and New York she came to back to London, in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and Edition Counsellor University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying HELLENIC CENTER FOR LOCALDICTIONARY. her work are characterized by a passion forDECENTRALIZATION, justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for the depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in GOVERNMENT AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns
∆ιευθύνεται υπ� Συντακτικής Eπιτρ�πής εκ Kαθηγητών Πανεπιστηµί�υ και Eιδικών Eπιστηµ�νων. Σύστηµα Kριτών. Dirigée par Comité de rédaction de Professeurs d’ Université et de Scientifiques Spécialisés Directed by Edition Board of University Professors and Specialized Scientists System of external evaluators * Tιµή τεύ��υς: 9 f Συνδρ�µές ετήσιες: Φιλίας: 300 ∆ηµ�σίων By Mr. George-Sp. C.fATHANASOPOULOS Yπηρεσιών, N.Π.∆. και I.∆., ∆ήµων, N�µαρ�ιακών Aυτ�δι�ικήσεων,Tραπε�ών, Harvard University, Graduate School of Design, Student, Eταιρειών: 150 f Iδιωτών: 30 f Φ�ιτητών: 25 15 f By Mr.US George-Sp. Architect E�ωτερικ�ύ: $ 100, 100 €C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Student of the School of Architecture Prix: 9 f Abonnements: Prix d’ ami: 300 f Services Publics, Personnes Morales de Technical University of Crete Droit Public ou Privé, Communes, Administrations Départementales, Banques, Sociétés: 150 f Individuels: 30 f Etudiants: 25 15 f 1. Introductory approach: Defining Etranger:the USconcept $ 100, 100 € 1. Introductory approach: the concept Price: 9 f Subscriptions: Friendship: 300 f (444 PublicBC Services, ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, - 370 BC, Athens), Legal Persons of Public orancient Private Law, Communities, Prefecture Administrations, ANTISTHENIS, the Greek philosopher, (444 BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great the Banks, Societies: 150 f Individuals: 30 f among other wise heritage he left us, he established a great “principle”: the acquisition of knowledge starts with the definition of the content of concepts. 25 f Abroad: US $ 100, 100 € Students: 15 acquisition of knowledge starts with the*indefinition the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term Υπεύθυνος Τυπογραφείου 1 (and urban Based, therefore, on this “principle” inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term Yπεύθυν�ς Tυπ�γρα�εί�υ gentrification) is area of Planning) (or gentrification ΕΚΤΥΠΩΣΕΙΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΔΗΜΗΤΡΗΣ 1 EI∆IKH EK∆OTIKH A.E.E.B.E. gentrification (and urban gentrification) is indicated (in the area of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various Μάρνη 25, Πλ. Βάθης, Αθήνα, Xαλκ�κ�νδύλη 35,Tηλε�. Kέντρ�: (210) 5242177, (210) 5226641, FAX: (210) 5232409 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various τηλ.: 210.5234559, φαξ: 2105203633, email: theogi@otenet.gr ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, *etc. However ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, “change”,there regardless of Tα δηµ�σιευ�µενα κείµενα απη��ύν τις απ�ψεις των Συντακτών τ�υς the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof καιother δεν δεσµεύ�υν την EΠIΘ. AYT. KAI ΠEP. AN. (and the whatever consequences has,AΠOK.,TOΠ. results also rising of land prices potential relative speculation). * potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to Oι αναγγελίες εντ�ς πλαισί�υ των νέων εκδ�σεων απ�τελ�ύν πρ�σ��ρά The term gentrification found atpeople first in the UK in early�ιλική 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor τ�υ Eπιστηµ�νικ�ύ Yπευθύν�υ τ�υ Περι�δικ�ύ πρ�ς τ�υς Συγγρα�είς τ�υς the then observed trend wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay of themselves and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves*sometimes there and thus old residents are being indirectly “squeezed”. Bάσει τ�υ N. 2121/1993 και των σ�ετικών καν�νων τ�υ ∆ιεθν�ύς ∆ικαί�υ απαbeing indirectly “squeezed”. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work ofµεSociologist Ruth γ�ρεύεται η αναδηµ�σίευση ή η αναπαραγωγή (�λική ή µερική) �π�ι�ν δήπ�τε A description ofδήπ�τε this phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth GLASS at the same period, whileτων similar in other major τρ�π� και µε �π�ι� µέσ� κειµένων τ�υ παρ�ντ�ς, �ωρίς πρ�ηγ�ύµενη GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major έγγρα�η άδεια τ�υ εκδ�τ�υ. cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. Toute reproduction un extrait quelconque de scholars cette Revue, cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. Since then, the issued’has several andpar forquelque its more procédé que ce soit, et notamment par photocopie ou microfilm, est strictement Since then, the issue has preoccupied several scholars and for various its more comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the interdite. comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various interpretations ofthe thematerial phenomenon of gentrification, the following:and may not The whole of appearing in this Review is a copyright be interpretations of theorphenomenon gentrification, following: In a sense,in the phenomenon is dueof tothe a trend of a new category reproduced whole in part without permission ofthe the Editor. of social groups to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus * for several reasons: high costs in money / Address and time to travel from the∆ιεύθυνση purlieus to/ Adresse downtown, where work place is, lack of the Ίµ�ρ�υ 6, 11257 Aθήναι, τηλ.: (210) 8647120, fax:centres, (210) 8658868 1. The term comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth GLASS for wasbetter born in sense of safety at the distributed residencies outside town search GR 11257, ATHENES / ATHENS, teleph.: (210) 8647120, Berlin,IMVROY where she 6, made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) Youth Unemployment. The same year left 8658868 Germany and after continuous movements for fax:she (210) lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where studies and research in Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, * in According 1943 she published studies regarding cityphenomenon planning. In 1950 sheto became teacher in the to another approach, the is due a systematic and http : // library.panteion.gr/pandemos • Eλληνικά περι�δικά University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying * her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCo depreciation initially of part of the urban web, in 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd.1106-91-71 London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: ISSN G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, Types of intervention, Concerns of Gentrification ΤΕΥΧΟΣ Ν. 98/2019/ ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ/SOMMAIRE/CONTENTS Concerns Σελ./P.
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-Κωνστ. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ / By Const. GE. ATHANASOPOULOS: Τοις Mr. George-Sp. C. ATHANASOPOULOS Εντευξομένοις, Ή Περί αναπτυξιακών Τοπικών Harvard University, Graduateδράσεων School of Design, Student, By Mr. George-Sp.Ένωσης, C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect Αυτοδιοικούμενων Δομών: Κράτη Μέλη Ευρωπαϊκής συγκριτική Student of the School of Architecture 3 επισκόπηση…………………………………………………………………………………………… University of Crete -Μ.-Σπ. ΔΕΛΗΘΕΟΣ: Επιχειρηματικότητα και Technical Ανάπτυξη: Θέματα επιτυχούς Επιστημονικής Ημερίδας………………………………………………………... 13 1. Introductory approach: Defining the concept -Ι. ΧΡΥΣΟΥΛΑΚΗΣ: Το “brain drain” και οι προσπάθειες ανάσχεσής του…. 1. Introductory approach: the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), 15 ANTISTHENIS, the ancientDefining Greek philosopher, -Ι. ΠΑΠΑΔΑΤΟΣ: “Culture Matters” για την τουριστική ανάπτυξη ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 και BC,την Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the αξιοποίηση του πολιτιστικού αποθέματος………………………………………………. 20 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the -Βράβευση του Καθηγητού Γεώργιου ΜΠΑΜΠΙΝΙΩΤΗ από τονofΠρόεδρο acquisition of knowledge starts with thein definition the content concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” a first, if of not final, approach, the term της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας κ. Νίκο ΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΙΑΔΗ……………………………….. 26 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 -Ναπ. ΜΑΡΑΒΕΓΙΑΣ: Προς μια Ευρώπη των εθνικών συμφερόντων;………... gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or27 Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various -Σπ. ΒΛΙΑΜΟΣ: Επιχειρηματικότητα και μισθωτή εργασία: Αντιθέσεις και Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, fromthere this, of (inartists, various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income andthe theremoval placement συμφωνίες……………………………………………………………………………………………... ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists, the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless of 29 -Γ. ΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ: Ταξιδεύουμε σε θάλασσες επικίνδυνες. Ο Γιώργος the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However this “change”, regardless whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and theof ΘΕΟΤΟΚΑΣ και ηspeculation). Κύπρος………………………………………………………………………... whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the39 potential relative -ΔΙΟΙΚΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΙΚΑΙΟ……………………………………………………………………………… potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to 40 -the Παρουσία του Προέδρου Τόμου The term gentrification found atpeople first Επίδοση in the UKΤιμητικού in early 1960s andστον itareas refersofto then observed trend ofisΔημοκρατίας wealthy to buy property in poor the then observed trend of wealthy sometimes people to there buy property in poor areas Καθηγητή, Πρ. Υπουργό Αντ. ΜΑΝΙΤΑΚΗ……………................................................. London, upgrade them, stay themselves and thus old residents areof41 London, upgrade them, stayΠάφος………………………………………………………….. themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are56 -Πανεπιστήμιο ΝΕΑΠΟΛΙΣ, being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. -Σόλ. ΞΕΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ: Υπόγεια - Ημιυπόγεια και Παράσιτα……………………….. A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth 58 A description of this phenomenon is included the Πάφου, work of Κύπρος…... Sociologist Ruth61 -Διάλεξη Καθηγ. Κων. ΓΕ. ΑΘΑΝΑΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ στο Δήμο GLASS at the same period, while similar situationsin were recorded in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major -Ελ. ΧΑΤΖΗΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΥ: Πικάσσο / Researchers. Εργα σε πηλό. Πικάσσο και Αρχαιότητα cities in Western countries, by other in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. /cities Γραμμή και πηλός. Παράλληλες εκθέσεις………………………………………………. Since then, the issue has several scholars and for its more 62 Since then, the issue has preoccupied severalΟbelow, scholars and forΒίου its more -Δημ. ΠΑΓΩΝΑ, Γλυκ. Π. ΡΕΠΠΑ, Λ. ΜΟΥΣΤΑΚΑΣ: ρόλος from της Διά comprehensive approach are being summarized the various comprehensive approach are being summarized below, from the various συμβουλευτικής και phenomenon του Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού interpretations of the of gentrification, the following:στην Άρση interpretations of the phenomenon thecategory following: In a sense, phenomenon is dueof togentrification, aΠρόγραμμα trend of a new of social groups 65 Εμποδίων γιαthe Συμμετοχή Ενηλίκων σε Κατάρτισης………………. to to the Everyone city, leaving thethe purlieus reasons: high costs in money -Μ.“return” CHRISTAKI: has right for to aseveral nationality “Statelessness in and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the 75 Greece”…………………………………………………………………………………………………. termat comes from Sociologist GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruth search GLASS wasbetter born in sense ofThe safety the distributed outside town centres, for -Χρ. 1.ΠΑΝΑΓΗ: Σφάλματα κατάresidencies τηνRuth Αξιολόγηση Ανθρωπίνου Δυναμικού Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly) και Τρόποι Αποφυγής…………………………………………………………………………….. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for84 lower living cost of, “withdrawal” from private car access markets, etc.where -G. - Sp.and C. ATHANASOPOULOS: Design and Theto role new studies research in Geneva, Prague, London andConstruction: Neweasier York she came back to of London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher the88 According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and technologies ………………………….………………………………………………………………. in University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public action and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, of buying -Αικ. Π. are ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ, Ν. for ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑΣ: Κατάργηση δυνατότητας her work characterized by Ορ. a passion justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling real estate, etc., for the depreciation initially ofεκτέλεση…………… part of the urban web, in 92 10th edit. Wil. COLLINS SONS AND Co Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: αναστολής της εκτελεστικής διαδικασίας στην έμμεση G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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GENTRIFICATION Definition, Types of Intervention, Definition, of intervention, ConcernsTypes of Gentrification Concerns -Χρ. Β. ΚΩΤΣΙΑΣ: Γεωπολιτική Στρατηγική και Ανατομία: By Mr. George-Sp. C. Ευρωατλαντικές ATHANASOPOULOS σχέσεις: Ενέργεια, οικονομικές εξελίξεις και Graduate εκτιμήσεις…………………………… Harvard University, School of Design, Student, 96 By Mr. Η George-Sp. C. ATHANASSOPOULOS Architect -Ορ. Ν. ΨΑΛΛΙΔΑΣ, Αικ. Π. ΤΟΥΜΠΑΝΟΥ: ανάγκη ύπαρξης και ο ρόλος Student of the έννομη School of Architecture της πολιτικής αγωγής στην Ποινική δίκη στην Ελληνική τάξη σε Technical University of Crete αντιδιαστολή με τον ρόλο των Δημοσίων κατηγόρων στο σύστημα ποινικής δικαιοσύνης της Κυπριακής 102 1. Introductory approach: DefiningΔημοκρατίας…………………………………. the concept -Μαρ. Θ. ΤΡΟΥΠΗ: «Απόβαση» Νέων Ελλήνων και Κυπρίων Επιστημόνων 1. Introductory approach: Definingphilosopher, the concept (444 BC - 370 BC, Athens), the ancient καιANTISTHENIS, Φοιτητών στην έδρα της Ε.Ε.Greek στις Βρυξέλλες……………………………………... 105 ANTISTHENIS, the ancient Greek philosopher, BC -“principle”: 370 BC, Athens), among other wise heritage he left us, he established(444 a great the -Fr. M. D. MANTI: EU Nuclear Energy Policy Perspectives for Thorium…….. 111 among other wise heritage leftthe us,definition he established a greatof“principle”: acquisition of knowledge startshe with of the content concepts. the -Ελ. ΒΟΜΒΟΛΑΚΗΣ: Πολιτισμικό Προβληματισμοί για το acquisition of knowledge starts with theΤοπίο: the content of concepts. Based, therefore, on this “principle” indefinition a first, if of not final, approach, the term σχεδιασμό αρχαιολογικών χώρων…………………………………………………………... 124 1 Based, therefore, on this “principle” is inindicated a first, if (in notthe final, approach, the term (and urban gentrification) area of Planning) (or gentrification 1 -Αθ. ΤΣΙΦΤΣΗΣ: Η ελευθερία έκφρασης και πληροφόρησης των Πολιτών: gentrification (and urban gentrification) indicated (in thefrom areathis, of Planning) (or Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a cityisarea, the removal (in various Μύθοι και πραγματικότητες…………………………………………………………………… Sociology as well), as the “refining” of a city area, the removal from this, (in various ways), of social groups, usually of low-income and the placement there of artists,134 -Κέντρο Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης «Ιερώνυμος Δ. ΠΙΝΤΟΣ καιartists, ways), ofΈρευνας social groups, usually of low-income and thethis placement there of the operation of art galleries, restaurants, etc. However “change”, regardless of Αναστασία Ιερ.ofΠΙΝΤΟΥ»………………………………………………………………………... 138 the operation art galleries, restaurants, etc.also However regardless whatever other consequences has, results risingthis of “change”, land prices (and theof -Αρχιμανδρίτης Ειρ. ΛΑΦΤΣΗΣ: Κοινωνική Πολιτική και Εκκλησιαστική whatever other consequences has, results also rising of land prices (and the potential relative speculation). Φιλανθρωπία. Ιστορική αναδρομή και αίτια……………………………………………. potential relative speculation). The term gentrification is found at first in the UK in early 1960s and it refers to139 -Ανδρ. Π. ΧΑΡΑΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ: Γεωπολιτική και Ανατομία της The term gentrification found atpeople first in Γεωστρατηγική the UK in early 1960s and itareas refersofto the then observed trend ofiswealthy to buy property in poor Ανατολικής Μεσογείου καιof οι Επιπτώσεις Μεγάλης Γεωπολιτικής the then observed trend wealthy peopleμιας to there buy property in poor areas London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes and thus old residents areof London, upgrade them, stay themselves sometimes there and thus old residents are Δίνης σε Κύπρο και Ελλάδα…………………………………………………………………….. 146 being indirectly “squeezed”. being indirectly “squeezed”. -Στ. ΚΥΒΕΛΟΥ: Οι πολλαπλές χρήσεις του θαλάσσιου χώρου και οι A description of this phenomenon is included in the work of Sociologist Ruth A description ofperiod, thisχωροταξικού phenomenon is situations included inwere the recorded work of Sociologist Ruth προοπτικές θαλάσσιου σχεδιασμού στην Ελλάδα: προς μια 149 GLASS at the same while similar in other major GLASS at the same period, while similar situations were recorded in other major «θαλάσσια συνοχή» cities in Western countries, by other Researchers. cities in Western countries, bypreoccupied other Researchers. -Αν. ΜΕΛΙΤΖΑΝΗ: Απόψεις και αντιδράσεις τωνscholars εκπαιδευτικών της Since then, the issue has several and for its more161 Since then, the issue has preoccupied scholars andthe forτων its more δευτεροβάθμιας approach εκπαίδευσης σχέση μεseveral τη σεξουαλική αγωγή comprehensive are σε being summarized below, from various comprehensive approach are being summarized from the various μαθητών/τριων……………………………………………………………………………………... interpretations of the phenomenon of gentrification, thebelow, following: interpretations the phenomenon of thecategory following: -Αθ. Η of αποκωδικοποίηση Τυφωέως…………………. InΔΟΥΣΗΣ: a sense, the phenomenon is dueτου togentrification, aΜύθου trend ofτου a new of social groups166 to “return” to the city, leaving the purlieus for several reasons: highαρχές costs inτου money -Αγγ. ΤΣΑΚΛΑΓΚΑΝΟΣ, Παρ. ΤΣΑΚΛΑΓΚΑΝΟΥ: Βασικές and time to travel from the purlieus to downtown, where work place is, lack of the167 Marketing……………………………………………………………………………………………… The termat comes from Sociologist Ruth GLASS, 1912-1940. Ruthηsearch GLASS wasbetter born in sense safety the residencies outside town centres, for -Δημ.1.of ΚΟΛΛΙΑΣ: Ο distributed Καμβάς Επιχειρηματικού Μοντέλου και σύγχρονη Berlin, where she made her first studies. In 1932 she published an important study entitled: services of health, education, entertainment “at the heart of the city”, (possibly)168 επιχειρηματικότητα……………………………………………………………………………….. Youth Unemployment. The same year she left Germany and after continuous movements for lower living cost of, in “withdrawal” from private access markets, etc.where -Δημοτικά Περιοχής ΣΟΦΑΔΩΝ……………………………………………... 172 studies and Τραγούδια research Geneva, Prague, London and car Neweasier York she came to back to London, in 1943 she published studies regarding city planning. In 1950 she became teacher in the According to another approach, the phenomenon is due to a systematic and -Διαχείριση Ανθρώπινων Πόρων…………………………………………………………….. 173 University informal College of London, where she continued her social research. brokers Her public and long-term effort by organized groups, manufacturers, ofaction buying -Εκδότης, Επιστημονικός Υπεύθυνος…………………………………………………….... 174 her work are characterized by a passion for justice. See also: COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY. and selling realCOLLINS estate, etc., for theCodepreciation initially of part of the urban web, in176 10th edit. Wil. SONS AND Ltd. London 2009. WIKIPEDIA: The Free Encyclopedia: -Περιεχόμενα………………………………………………………….…………………………….... G. ALEXANDRI: http://www.uncanny.net/ wetzel/gentry.htm a Gentrification: variety of ways, in order Abstract. to achieve the “assisted”, “voluntary”, (actually
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Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. AΘANAΣOΠOYΛOΣ
Constantinos GE. KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ °E. Kαθηγητής Παντεί�υ E¶.A¶. A¶.TO¶. TO¶.AYT. AYT.¶EP. ¶EP.AN. AN./ R.DEC. / R.DEC.ADM. ADM.LOC. LOC.DEV. DEV.REG. REG./ R. / R.DEC. DEC.LOC. LOC. GOV.REG. REG.DEV. DEV. E¶. GOV. ATHANASSOPOULOS A£ANA™O¶OY§O™ Kωνσταντίν�ς ΓE. Πανεπ. K�ιν. και Π�λ. Eπιστηµ., Professor at Panteion University Constantinos GE. of Social and Political Sciences, ATHANASSOPOULOS Univ. of Athens, (Vis. Prof.), Professor at Panteion University Lawyer, of Social and Political Ex Sciences, Ch.L.U.L. Univ. of Athens, (Vis. Prof.), Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P. Paris Lawyer, Ex Ch.L.U.L. Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P. Paris
K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂ. KˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ °E. KÔÈÓ. Î·È ¶ÔÏ. EÈÛÙËÌ., A£ANA™O¶OY§O™ ¶·ÓÂ. AıËÓÒÓ (EÈÛÎ.), K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·ÓÙ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂ. ¢ÈÎËÁfiÚÔ˜, KÔÈÓ. Î·È ¶ÔÏ.Bruxelles, EÈÛÙËÌ., Ex Ch.L.U.L., ¶·ÓÂ. AıËÓÒÓ (EÈÛÎ.), Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris ¢ÈÎËÁfiÚÔ˜, Ex Ch.L.U.L., Bruxelles, Ex Int. I.I.A.P., Paris
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